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Journal articles on the topic 'Pathological laboratories'
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Haeckel, Rainer, Werner Wosniok, and Thomas Streichert. "Review of potentials and limitations of indirect approaches for estimating reference limits/intervals of quantitative procedures in laboratory medicine." Journal of Laboratory Medicine 45, no. 2 (2021): 35–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/labmed-2020-0131.
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Abstract Reference intervals (RIs) can be determined by direct and indirect procedures. Both approaches identify a reference population from which the RIs are defined. The crucial difference between direct and indirect methods is that direct methods select particular individuals after individual anamnesis and medical examination have confirmed the absence of pathological conditions. These individuals form a reference subpopulation. Indirect methods select a reference subpopulation in which the individuals are not identified. They isolate a reference population from a mixed population of patients with pathological and non-pathological conditions by statistical reasoning. At present, the direct procedure internationally recommended is the “gold standard”. It has, however, the disadvantage of high expenses which cannot easily be afforded by most medical laboratories. Therefore, laboratories adopt RIs established by direct methods from external sources requiring a high responsibility for transference problems which are usually neglected by most laboratories. These difficulties can be overcome by indirect procedures which can easily be performed by most laboratories without causing economic problems. The present review focuses on indirect approaches. Various procedures are presented with their benefits and limitations. Preliminary simulation studies indicate that more recently developed concepts are superior to older approaches.
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Rasoulpour, Majid. "Inability of Community-Based Laboratories to Identify Pathological Casts in Urine Samples." Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 150, no. 11 (1996): 1201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.1996.02170360091015.
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Bilto, Yousif Y. "External Quality Assessment of Jordanian Clinical Chemistry Laboratories." Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine 29, no. 3 (1992): 324–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000456329202900313.
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A two-year study using inter-laboratory surveys has been carried out to assess the analytical quality of Jordanian clinical chemistry laboratories. The study surveyed > 65% (60 laboratories) of Jordanian laboratories using 18 control specimens and covering a total of 15 analytes. Close agreement was obtained between the consensus values and the designated values for analytes which had mean values within the normal range, whereas significantly lower consensus values were obtained for glucose, creatinine, bilirubin and urea in the pathological range. Considerable inter-laboratory variation was observed in Jordan relative to EQA schemes in other countries. This study highlighted several problems in Jordanian laboratories, and stressed the need for a national EQA scheme with an effective means of providing continuous advice, education and training in clinical chemistry.
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Pavone, Silvia, Carmen Iscaro, Monica Giammarioli, et al. "Biological Containment for African Swine Fever (ASF) Laboratories and Animal Facilities: The Italian Challenge in Bridging the Present Regulatory Gap and Enhancing Biosafety and Biosecurity Measures." Animals 14, no. 3 (2024): 454. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani14030454.
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The African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) is a DNA virus of the Asfarviridae family, Asfivirus genus. It is responsible for massive losses in pig populations and drastic direct and indirect economic impacts. The ever-growing handling of ASFV pathological material in laboratories, necessary for either diagnostic or research activities, requires particular attention to avoid accidental virus release from laboratories and its detrimental economic and environmental effects. Recently, the Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2020/689 of 17 December 2019 repealed the Commission Decision of 26 May 2003 reporting an ASF diagnostic manual (2003/422/EC) with the minimum and supplementary requirements for ASF laboratories. This decision generated a regulatory gap that has not been addressed yet. This paper aims to describe the Italian National Reference Laboratory (NRL) efforts to develop an effective and reliable biological containment tool for ASF laboratories and animal facilities. The tool consists of comprehensive and harmonized structural and procedural requirements for ASF laboratories and animal facilities that have been developed based on both current and repealed legislation, further entailing a risk assessment and internal audit as indispensable tools to design, adjust, and improve biological containment measures.
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Michel, Lauriane Y. M., Charlotte Farah, and Jean-Luc Balligand. "The Beta3 Adrenergic Receptor in Healthy and Pathological Cardiovascular Tissues." Cells 9, no. 12 (2020): 2584. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9122584.
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The third isotype of beta-adrenoreceptors (β3-AR) has recently come (back) into focus after the observation of its expression in white and beige human adipocytes and its implication in metabolic regulation. This coincides with the recent development and marketing of agonists at the human receptor with superior specificity. Twenty years ago, however, we and others described the expression of β3-AR in human myocardium and its regulation of contractility and cardiac remodeling. Subsequent work from many laboratories has since expanded the characterization of β3-AR involvement in many aspects of cardiovascular physio(patho)logy, justifying the present effort to update current paradigms under the light of the most recent evidence.
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Ndiade, Amadou, Abdou M. Gaye, Mama Sy, et al. "Choriocarcinoma on hysterectomy specimen in Senegal: histological study." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 11, no. 12 (2022): 3232. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20223112.
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Background: Trophoblastic diseases are in general exclusive to women in their reproductive years. Gestational choriocarcinoma (GC) is a rare malignant tumor derived from the trophoblast of women in childbearing age. Our objective was to study the epidemiological and clinicopathologic aspects at the laboratories of pathological anatomy and cytology (ACP) of Aristide Le Dantec Hospital and General Idrissa Pouye Hospital.Methods: Our study was conducted in the anatomy and pathology laboratories of the Hôpital Général Idrissa Pouye and the Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec in Dakar. This study was based on records of pathological reports of gestational choriocarcinomas from these different laboratories. This was a retrospective and descriptive bi-centric study, spread over eight (8) years from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2020. All cases diagnosed on hysterectomy specimens and with a formal conclusion of choriocarcinoma have been included. We recorded the data collected in Excel 2007 software and the analysis was made using Epi Info.Results: We collected 25 cases of choriocarcinomas. The mean age of the patients was 38.1±9.7. Mixed seat tumors (intra-cavitary and intra-mural) were the most frequent with 48% of cases. Patients who were at FIGO stage 1 represented for 88% of cases.Conclusions: Gestational choriocarcinoma (GC) is a proliferation of the trophoblast (cytotrophoblast and syncitiotrophoblast). This study has helped establish histopathological data of choriocarcinoma on hysterectomy specimen in Dakar.
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Zyuzgina, Svetlana V., Olga E. Zinovieva, Tatyana P. Lobova, Vera V. Mikhailova, Maria S. Shishkina, and Anastasia N. Skvortsova. "Analysis of laboratory diagnostics of chlamydia in animals and birds in the Russian Federation for 2019–2021." Veterinariya, Zootekhniya i Biotekhnologiya 9, no. 118 (2023): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/vet.zoo.bio.202309007.
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Chlamydia infection causes significant economic damage to various branches of animal husbandry and poultry farming. In the system of veterinary and sanitary measures, it is important to detect the pathogen as early and reliably as possible in various forms of the disease. For this purpose, a number of laboratory methods of direct and indirect diagnosis of chlamydia have been developed over the past years. The article analyzes the results of laboratory tests for chlamydia in state veterinary laboratories for 2019–2021, as well as cases of positive results in the study of biological and pathological materials from animals, including birds. During the analyzed period, 2 750 726 samples of material from animals, including birds, were received by state veterinary laboratories for research on chlamydia, of which 2 645 605 (96,7 %) samples were examined by serological methods, specific antibodies were detected in 0,4 % of blood serum from animals (except birds). Positive results of serological tests require mandatory confirmation by methods of direct detection of chlamydia, their antigens, nucleic acids in biological material. The genetic material of chlamydia during polymerase chain reaction studies was detected in 1 % of samples of biological and pathological material from animals, including birds.
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Lebedev, G. S., I. A. Shaderkin, A. S. Tertychny, A. I. Shaderkina, E. O. Antsiferova, and N. A. Lebedeva. "Digital transformation of the pathological service as a way to improve the quality of medical care." Russian Journal of Telemedicine and E-Health 8, no. 1 (2022): 16–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.29188/2712-9217-2022-8-1-16-40.
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Introduction. Pathology plays an essential and important role in diagnostic and choosing patients’ management strategies. The aim of our analytical article is to review opportunities of digital technologies applying to pathology with a focus on converges with clinical disciplines. Materials and methods. The search was conducted on Medline and Pubmed database and websites of laboratory equipment developers. Results. The emergence of a new direction – ‘digital pathology’, underlines a high interest of professional society in this theme. Nowadays there are enough solutions for each part of pathological workflow which provides development of fully digitalized pathological laboratories. In this article we present opportunities and perspectives of business-process organization from statements of objectives for pathologist, tissue collection, laboratory study to multidisciplinary analysis for further patients’ management based on opportunities of information technologies. Conclusion. Digital pathology is a transfer of all pathological routine workflow on digital platform which allows to unite efforts of clinicians, pathologists, public health organizers and patients. Separated blocks, which should constitute a united digital pathological platform, already exist and effort and time are required for full consolidation of all stages of pathological research.
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ALENCAR, CÍNTIA SOUSA. "A importância da biossegurança em laboratórios de anatomia patológica." RCMOS - Revista Científica Multidisciplinar O Saber 3, no. 1 (2024): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.51473/ed.al.v3i1.514.
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The concept of biosecurity and biosafety has been increasingly widespread and valued as the understanding of the professional’s responsibility, involved in activities that manipulate biological, chemical, physical and radioactive agents, is not limited only to actions to prevent risks derived from its specifi c activity, but also of all the people who, directly or indirectly, participate in that activity. In pathological anatomy laboratories, it is very important that professionals understand the distinction between these two terms and put them into practice for greater safety. It was observed, in general, that the existing legislation in force in our country is not very specifi c for laboratories that work with pathological anatomy (biopsies and cytology). When the focus is on biosafety, in addition to the normal care of good laboratory practices, specifi c procedures are required to minimize the risk of personal accidents and environmental contamination. It is up to our country to implement appropriate measures for professionals who deal with histotechnology, off ering them legal recognition through qualifi cation courses for technicians. Likewise, it is up to all managers involved in the health area to guide their professionals regarding the awareness of the daily practice of all aspects involved with biosecurity and biosafety.
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E. C., Chuku,, and Emiri, U. N. "Pathological Evaluation and Nutritional Composition of Golden Melon (Cucumis Melo)." Journal of Agricultural Studies 5, no. 4 (2018): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v6i3.13553.
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Studies on the pathological evaluation and nutritional composition of golden melon was carried out in the Plant Pathology and Food Science and Technology Laboratories in the Rivers State University. The freshly harvested fruits of the golden melon had high amount of moisture (58±0.04), sucrose, total solid, lipid with very low ash (0.56±0.00). Mineral composition analysis also revealed high amount of calcium (98.5±0.01), moderate quantity of potassium, and low amount of phosphorus (21.4±0.00). Vitamins A and C were also present in the fruits. Other components found were lactic acid and saponnins which occurred in minute quantities.Pathological evaluation of the associated fungi showed that five different fungi with varying degrees of incidence were associated with the spoilage of the fruits of golden melon. These fungi were Botrytis cinerea (60%), Aspergillus flavus(30%), Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus tamari (5%) respectively while Muccor species recorded the highest incidence (70%). However, all the fungal isolates were found to be pathogenic causing soft rot characterized by oozing of water with offensive odour.
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Yesmin, Mst Shaila, Tuhin Sultana, Chandan Kumar Roy, Md Quddusur Rahman, and AN Nashimuddin Ahmed. "Reticulocyte Parameter Analysis in the Automated Haematology Analyzer used in the Laboratories." Bangladesh Journal of Medicine 21, no. 2 (2013): 80–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmed.v21i2.13616.
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Background: Reticulocyte count with immature reticulocyte fraction (IRF) used in the laboratories to evaluate the bone marrow erythropoietic activity and have great diagnostic and prognostic importance in the treatment of anemias and other pathological conditions. Objective: The aim of this study was to establish the normal reference range for reticulocyte count and its parameter. Methods: In this study reticulocyte profile were evaluated by automated analysis in 40 healthy control subjects by XT-2000i (Sysmex) hematology analyzer and compared with measurements obtained by manual methods. Manually reticulocytes were supravitally stained with new methylene blue. Results: This study found MRC was 0.81 ±0.46%. The FCMR was 0.97±0.17%, Ret abs was found .04±.02(106/ ?l) and IRF was found 3.92±1.35%. Conclusion: The precision of the automated analyzer was found significantly higher than the manual methods. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmed.v21i2.13616 Bangladesh J Medicine 2010; 21: 80-83
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Carlsen, Eva Maria Meier, Dipak V. Amrutkar, Karin Sandager-Nielsen, and Jean-François Perrier. "Accurate and affordable assessment of physiological and pathological tremor in rodents using the accelerometer of a smartphone." Journal of Neurophysiology 122, no. 3 (2019): 970–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00281.2019.
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Tremor is a common symptom for the most prevalent neurological disorders, including essential tremor, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, or Parkinson’s disease. Despite the devastating effects of tremor on life quality, available treatments are few and unspecific. Because of the need for specific and costly devices, tremor is rarely quantified by laboratories studying motor control without a genuine interest in trembling. We present a simple, reliable, and affordable method aimed at monitoring tremor in rodents, with an accuracy comparable to that of expensive, commercially available equipment. We took advantage of the accelerometer integrated in modern mobile phones working with operating systems capable of running downloaded apps. By fixing a smartphone to a cage suspended by rubber bands, we were able to detect faint vibrations of the cage. With a mouse in the cage, we showed that the acceleration signals on two horizontal axes were sufficient for the detection of physiological tremor and harmaline-induced tremor. We discuss the advantages and limitations of our method. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The majority of patients suffering from neurological disorders suffer from tremor that severely disrupts their life quality. Because of the high cost of specific scientific equipment, tremor is rarely quantified by laboratories working on motor behavior. For this reason, the potential anti-tremor effect of most compounds tested in animals remains unknown. We describe an affordable technique that will allow any laboratory to measure tremor accurately with a smartphone.
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Vagaiskaya, A. S., A. S. Trunyakova, T. I. Kombarova, and S. V. Dentovskaya. "Simulation of Bubonic Plague in BSL-2 Laboratory." Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections, no. 4 (January 25, 2022): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2021-4-46-53.
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The causative agent of plague, Yersinia pestis, is classified as pathogenicity (hazard) group I agent, which means that the work with “wild type” strains should be carried out in BSL-3 facilities. Y. pestis EV NIIEG is a Δpgm strain, allowing experimental studies to be carried out in BSL-2 laboratories. However, the disease and its progression elicited by such strain do not entirely mirror the infection observed with fully virulent strains. Residual virulence of Y. pestis EV NIIEG strain for mice can be increased under in vivo iron supplementation. The aim of the study was to optimize methodological approaches to modeling experimental plague in laboratory animals following administration of attenuated Δpgm Y. pestis strains with iron dextran. Materials and methods. Simulation of plague infection in outbred mice was carried out through subcutaneous inoculation of Y. pestis EV NIIEG strain with iron dextran supplementation. The animal condition was assessed on a daily basis. In the course of the experiment, the pathological presentation and bacterial content in organs of mice were evaluated. Results and discussion. Mice inoculated subcutaneously with Y. pestis EV NIIEG strain in the presence of iron dextran developed a bubonic plague that resulted in lethal outcome with pathological changes of internal organs, characteristic of plague infection. In case of daily administration of iron, LD50 of Y. pestis EV NNIEG strain for the mice significantly exceeded the same one with a single injection. Differences in the survival rate among animals in the groups with a single and multiple administration of iron compared to the control group were statistically valid. Thus, attenuated Δpgm Y. pestis strains in the presence of iron dextran can be used to model experimental plague in mice with marked pathological changes and lethality in BSL-2 laboratories.
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Rahman, Habibur. "UTILIZATION OF EOSIN DYE AS AN ION PAIRING AGENT FOR DETERMINATION OF PHARMACEUTICALS: A BRIEF REVIEW." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 9, no. 12 (2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i12.21220.
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Globally, dyes are widely used in the pharmaceutical, food, textile, cosmetics, plastics, leather, paint, ink and paper industries. Eosin is an acidic orange-pink dye and has very strong staining properties. Haematoxylin and eosin Y (H&E) combination is the most common staining and primary diagnostic technique in histo-pathological laboratories. This review mainly discussed the utility of eosin dye in quality control laboratories as an ion pairing agent for drug analysis. Eosin Y is one the most common ion pairing agent and its mono and di anionic forms of eosin Y are capable of interacting with many drug molecules to form colored/fluorescent binary or ternary complexes that can be analyzed with or without extraction by spectrofluorimetry and/or spectrophotometry. Quenching fluorescence and advantages of spectrofluorimetry over spectrophotometry were also discussed. Fluorescence detection greatly enhances the sensitivity and providing a sensitive and relatively inexpensive instrumental method of analysis using eosin Y for various important drugs in pure, commercial dosage forms and biological fluids
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Pradeep, K., C. Ganthimathi, K. Harini, and N. Diddha. "Detection and Counting of Blood Cells in Blood Smear Image." Asian Journal of Engineering and Applied Technology 5, no. 2 (2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajeat-2016.5.2.806.
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This paper deals with an image processing technique used for detecting the blood cells in less time. The proposed technique also helps in counting and segregating the blood cells in blood smear image of different categories based on the form factor using various Morphological operations. Nowadays in Hospitals and clinical Laboratories the waiting time for getting their blood results and reports are more commonly 24 hours to 8 days in case of high severity diseases where the mortality rates are high. Doctors and technicians in healthcare sectors recommended that the patient’s waiting time should be as less as possible and the treatment should be started immediately for the high risk diseases like Hepatitis B. The major other factor affects patient in healthcare field is the more expensive pathological tests which sometimes leading to loss of patient’s life. The proposed technique gives improved accuracy in counting the number of blood cells in blood smear image in compare to manual counting in laboratories.
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Singh, Amandeep, Sandeep Raju, Dasari Harish, Dalip Vaishnav, and Gagandeep Kalsi. "Delay in final opinion of autopsy requiring Histo-pathological and chemical analysis." IP International Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicological Sciences 8, no. 4 (2024): 154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijfmts.2023.033.
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Examination of viscera by pathologist or chemical examiner is a must in cases where the cause of death is not confirmed/ could not be ascertained during the autopsy. Viscera is handed over to police to be taken to respective laboratories for histopathological examination or chemical analysis or for both. This leads to delay in giving the final opinion regarding the cause of death.: To study the delay in giving the final opinion of a particular case from the day of postmortem examination. Study included autopsy cases done in the year 2015 and 2018. The data was collected from the PMR, histopathological and toxicological examination reports and from the final opinion. Delay/ time taken at different levels was studied and the average delay at each level was calculated. Average delay for final opinion was found to be 561 and 378 days for the year 2015 and 2018, respectively. In one case this time taken was more than 7 years. About 63% of the cases studied are still awaiting final disposal.
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Polupan, I. M. "Direct fluorescent antibody test in laboratory diagnosis of animal rabies in Ukraine." Veterinary Medicine: inter-departmental subject scientific collection, no. 107 (November 8, 2021): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36016/vm-2021-107-2.
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The aim of the study was to analyze the role of the direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) test in the system of laboratory diagnosis of animal rabies in Ukraine. For the analysis, materials of official veterinary reporting were used according to Form No. 2-VET “Report on the work of the state laboratories of veterinary medicine” regarding the results of laboratory studies of pathological material suspicious of rabies, the State Research Institute of Laboratory Diagnostics and Veterinary and Sanitary Expertise (SRILDVSE) and virology departments of the State Regional Laboratories of the State Food and Consumer Service of Ukraine, and analytical materials: Report “On the assessment of the risk of spread of rabies among domestic and farm animals under the current animal rabies control system in Ukraine” and the Report “On the assessment of the risk of spread of rabies among wild animals in Ukraine”. It has been determined that, over the past 15 years (2006–2020), 194,079 tests of the pathological material were carried out in state laboratories. The direct fluorescent antibody test is the main technique for the diagnosis of animal rabies in Ukraine, when used in 94.5% of cases, the final diagnosis of rabies is made. We have used standardization of approaches, including the use of the reference rabies virus CVS-11 (ATCC VR 959), to the organization and conducting of interlaboratory rounds of professional testing VET-TEST to identify of rabies virus antigen within the requirements ISO 17043:2017 “Conformity assessment. General requirements for testing professional level”. DFA test is the main reaction for the diagnosis of rabies in animals in Ukraine. Standardized approaches were introduced and interlaboratory rounds of professional testing BET-TEST have been organized in 2020 for the detection of rabies virus antigen in accordance with the quality standard ISO 17043:2017. The necessity of introducing new methods of laboratory diagnostics of rabies, such as viral isolations in tissue culture and polymerase chain reaction, has been established
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Wong, Adele, and Joanne Ngeow. "Hereditary Syndromes Manifesting as Endometrial Carcinoma: How Can Pathological Features Aid Risk Assessment?" BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/219012.
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Endometrial carcinoma is the most common gynecological tumor worldwide. It can be the presenting malignancy, acting as the harbinger, of an undiagnosed hereditary syndrome. Up to 50% of females with Lynch syndrome present in this manner. Differentiation between Lynch, Muir-Torre, and Cowden syndromes can at times be challenging due to the overlapping features. Our review emphasizes on the strengths, pitfalls, and limitations of microscopic features as well as immunohistochemical and polymerase chain reaction- (PCR-) based tests used by laboratories to screen for DNA mismatch repair (MMR) andPTENgene mutations in patients to enable a more targeted and cost effective approach in the use of confirmatory gene mutational analysis tests. This is crucial towards initiating timely and appropriate surveillance measures for the patient and affected family members. We also review the evidence postulating on the possible inclusion of uterine serous carcinoma as part of the spectrum of malignancies seen in hereditary breast and ovarian carcinoma syndrome, driven by mutations inBRCA1/2.
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Grzybicki, Dana M., Edward J. Callaghan, and Stephen S. Raab. "Cost—benefit value of microscopic examination of intervertebral discs." Journal of Neurosurgery 89, no. 3 (1998): 378–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1998.89.3.0378.
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Object. Given the virtual absence of histologically detected, clinically unsuspected disease in intervertebral disc specimens, some authors have advocated that histological examination be discontinued. However, the examination of intervertebral disc specimens remains common practice in most pathology laboratories. No cost—benefit analysis of this practice has been made; therefore, the authors' goal in this study was perform such an analysis. Methods. Using the University of Iowa surgical pathology database, 1109 patients who had undergone a laminectomy were identified retrospectively. These cases were classified into four categories based on the patients' preoperative clinical diagnosis and final histopathological diagnosis: insignificant clinical diagnosis/insignificant pathological diagnosis (ICIP), significant clinical diagnosis/insignificant pathological diagnosis (SCIP), significant clinical diagnosis/significant pathological diagnosis (SCSP), and insignificant clinical diagnosis/significant pathological diagnosis (ICSP). A significant clinical diagnosis was defined as one other than a benign, noninfectious indication for laminectomy. A significant pathological diagnosis was a diagnosis other than degenerative changes. The cost—benefit value of performing a histological examination in cases with significant or insignificant clinical diagnoses was examined. The cases were classified as: 1068 ICIP, 17 SCIP, 21 SCSP, and three ICSP. On chart review, in all three cases of ICSP an epidural abscess was identified perioperatively and the subsequent histological diagnosis did not affect patient care. The costs per case of identifying a significant pathological diagnosis with a significant and an insignificant clinical diagnosis were $44.79 and $8811, respectively. Conclusions. Histological examination of intervertebral disc specimens is cost beneficial only if there is a significant preoperative clinical diagnosis.
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Bykova, A. A., L. K. Malinovskaya, P. Sh Chomakhidze, et al. "Exhaled Breath Analysis in Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases." Kardiologiia 59, no. 7 (2019): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.18087/cardio.2019.7.10263.
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Exhaled breath analysis is a novel tool for diagnostics of different diseases. Taking into account the secretory function of the lungs, the composition of exhaled breath is different in physiological and pathological conditions. In this review we consider of some substances which content vary in cardiovascular diseases – pentane, isoprene, carbon monoxide and trimethylamine. Modern technologies allow to move the analysis of exhaled breath from research laboratories into clinical practice. Thus, a new tool for real time of screening various cardiovascular diseases has appeared in the arsenal of physicians.
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Hammerschlag, Margaret R., Zheng Ke, Fengmin Lu, Patricia Roblin, Jens Boman, and Bernadette Kalman. "Is Chlamydia pneumoniae Present in Brain Lesions of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis?" Journal of Clinical Microbiology 38, no. 11 (2000): 4274–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.38.11.4274-4276.2000.
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We investigated the presence of Chlamydia pneumoniae in 81 normal and pathological specimens obtained from postmortem brain tissues of patients with multiple sclerosis and with other neurological or nonneurological diseases. The assays used included PCR amplification of all DNA samples in the initial study. Culture and a second PCR amplification of the organism in a subset of 19 brain specimens were also performed in two separate laboratories. All results were negative. Thus, this study on a large number of brain tissues suggests thatC. pneumoniae is not involved in inflammatory demyelination.
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Jung, A., G. Baretton, M. Dietel, et al. "The German quality assurance system for the molecular-pathological detection of KRAS-mutations in colorectal cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (2009): 4018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.4018.
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4018 Background: In the beginning of 2008 the EMEA (European Medicines Agency) approved with panitumumab for the first time an EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) targeting therapy for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer overexpressing the EGFR and showing wildtypic sequences in the KRAS gene as a predictive biomarker. Thus, the need for assuring the quality of laboratories emerged. The German Society for Pathology in cooperation with the Federation of the German Pathologist supported by an unrestricted financial grant of Amgen Germany arranged a quality assurance system (QAS). In this context two round- robin tests were carried out which results are presented here. Methods: Collection of results from two round -robin tests and their statistical analysis applying binary classification tests. Results: Test sets of 4 histological sections from ten different cases of colorectal tumors with known mutational status of the KRAS gene were prepared for the round-robin tests. The method for the mutation detection was unrestricted. A total of 74 participants from universities (44 - 59.5 %) or other institutions (30 - 40.5 %) attended the tests. 11 participants (14.8 %) failed the test (6 universities: 13.6 %, 5 institutions: 16.6 %). For the analysis didesoxy-sequencing (DDS: 55 - 66.2 %), ARMS®-PCR (8 - 10.4 %), melting-point analysis (MPA: 7 - 9.1 %), pyrosequencing (PS: 6 - 7.8 %), hybridization (HYB: 4 - 5.2 %), or SSCP (1 - 1.3 %) were used, in which some participants (3) used more than one method. It turned out that all methods employed for the testing gave similar results when comparing the rate of correct or wrong hits or the rate of false positive detection: DDS (0.92, 0.07, 0.02), ARMS®-PCR (0.91, 0.08, 0.05), MPA (0.94, 0.06, 0.04), PS (0.95, 0.05, 0.03) or HYB (0.90, 0.10, 0.08). Conclusions: The quality of the molecular-pathological detection of KRAS mutations as precondition for an EGFR targeted therapy should be tested since about 15 % of laboratories did not meet a sufficient grade. For the mutation detection no method seemed superior. [Table: see text]
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Paul, Arkadip, Priyanka Dutta, and Keya Basu. "Assessment and clinicopathological correlation of p16 expression in cervical squamous cell carcinoma of Indian population: Diagnostic implications." Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics 19, no. 7 (2023): 2012–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_753_22.
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ABSTRACT Background: Our aim was to assess the p16 expression in normal cervical epithelium and cervical lesions and how it correlated with HPV oncoprotein E7 and other etiological parameters of cervical cancer. Methods: For this purpose, we analyzed protein expression of p16 and E7 oncoprotein in total 20 normal cervical epithelium tissue (as control) and 62 cervical lesions. Next, the result was correlated with different clinico-pathological parameters. Results: Out of 62 cases of cervical lesions, we found around 75%–100% of the cervical lesion samples exhibited E7 nuclear protein expression, whereas around 33.33%–75% samples were p16 positive. On the other hand, p16 expression showed strong association with E7 oncoprotein and other clinico-pathological parameters (like high parity, early age of sextual debut) in the same set of samples of our study. Conclusion: We concluded that overexpression of p16 is very practical and can be readily implemented in most diagnostic pathology laboratories.
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Vaquer-Alicea, Jaime, Marc I. Diamond, and Lukasz A. Joachimiak. "Tau strains shape disease." Acta Neuropathologica 142, no. 1 (2021): 57–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00401-021-02301-7.
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AbstractTauopathies consist of over 25 different neurodegenerative diseases that include argyrophilic grain disease (AGD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), corticobasal degeneration (CBD), and Pick’s disease (PiD). Tauopathies are defined by brain accumulation of microtubule-associated protein tau in fibrillar aggregates, whose prevalence strongly correlates with dementia. Dominant mutations in tau cause neurodegenerative diseases, and most increase its aggregation propensity. Pathogenesis of tauopathies may involve pathological tau conformers that serve as templates to recruit native protein into growing assemblies and also move between brain cells to cause disease progression, similar to prions. Prions adopt pathological conformations, termed “strains,” that stably propagate in living systems, and create unique patterns of neuropathology. Data from multiple laboratories now suggest that tau acts as a prion. It propagates unique strains indefinitely in cultured cells, and when these are inoculated into mouse models, they create defined neuropathological patterns, which establish a direct link between conformation and disease. In humans, distinct fibril structures are associated with different diseases, but causality has not been established as in mice. Cryo-EM structures of tau fibrils isolated from tauopathy brains reveal distinct fibril cores across disease. Interestingly, the conformation of the tau monomer unit within different fibril subtypes from the same patient appears relatively preserved. This is consistent with data that the tau monomer samples an ensemble of conformations that act as distinct pathologic templates in the formation of restricted numbers of strains. The propensity of a tau monomer to adopt distinct conformations appears to be linked to defined local motifs that expose different patterns of amyloidogenic amino acid sequences. The prion hypothesis, which predicts that protein structure dictates resultant disease, has proved particularly useful to understand the diversity of human tauopathies. The challenge now is to develop methods to rapidly classify patients according to the structure of the underlying pathological protein assemblies to achieve more accurate diagnosis and effective therapy.
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Bossuyt, Veerle, Rosanna Lau, Brandon Young, et al. "Intra- and Interlaboratory Reproducibility of the Sensitivity to Endocrine Therapy Assay for Stage II/III Breast Cancer." Clinical Chemistry 67, no. 9 (2021): 1240–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/hvab068.
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Abstract Background The sensitivity to endocrine therapy assay (SET2,3) predicts treatment outcomes in Stage II-III breast cancer. SET2,3 measures transcription related to estrogen and progesterone receptors (SETER/PR index) and the molecular subtype (RNA4: ESR1, PGR, ERBB2, AURKA) from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue sections. Methods We designed a nested study across 3 pathology laboratories, each testing 60 breast cancers twice in controlled batches. Laboratories macrodissected and directly homogenized the unstained FFPE tumor sections, then performed the QuantiGene Plex bead-based hybridization assay. SET2,3 was calculated centrally using predefined statistical R-scripts and applying pre-defined cutpoints. Concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) was calculated from continuous measurements and Kappa statistic from categorical results. A mixed-effects model estimated contributions to bias (fixed effects) and variance (random effects) from the replicated design. Results Intralaboratory (CCC 0.96–0.99) and interlaboratory (CCC 0.98–0.99) SET2,3 results were concordant, with rates of agreement for high/low categorization within (Kappa 0.83–0.93) and between laboratories (Kappa 0.87–0.88). The relative contributions to overall variance of SET2,3 measurements were 96.90% from biological differences between cancers, 0.67% from interlaboratory variability, and 2.44% from residual causes including intralaboratory replicates. Similar results were obtained with SETER/PR, the baseline prognostic index calculated using pathological or clinical tumor and nodal staging information, and the 4 individual genes (ESR1, PGR, ERBB2, and AURKA). Conclusion Intra- and interpathology laboratory measurements of SET2,3 and its components were highly reproducible when tested from FFPE tumor sections.
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Ostertag, H., E. Peppert, N. Czech, et al. "Radiation exposure to the personnel in the operating room and in the pathology due to SLN detection with Tc-99m-nanocolloid in breast cancer patients." Nuklearmedizin 39, no. 05 (2000): 142–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1632261.
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Summary Aim of this study was to assess the radiation exposure for the personnel in the operating room and in the pathology laboratories caused by radioguided SLN localization in breast cancer. Methods: In 15 patients dose rates were measured at various distances from the breast and tumor specimens during operation and pathological work-up at 3-5 h after peritumoral injection of 30 MBq Tc-99m-nanocolloid. Results: The dose rates were 84.1 ± 46.4 μGy/h at 2.5 cm, 3.57 ± 2.14 μGy/h at 30 cm, 0.87 ± 0.51 μGy/h at 100 cm, and 0.40 ± 0.20 μGy/h at 150 cm in the operating room and 44.4 ± 27.8 μGy/h at 2.5 cm, and 1.66 ± 1.34 μGy/h at 30 cm in the pathology laboratories. From these data the radiation exposure was calculated for 250 operations per year assuming a mean exposure time of 30 min for the surgical team members and of 10 min for the pathology staff. Under these conditions the finger dose is 10.5 mGy for the surgeon, and 5.55 mGy for the pathologist. The wholebody doses are 0.45 mSv, 0.11 mSv, 0.05 mSv, and 0.21 mSv for the surgeon, the operating room nurse, the anesthetist, and the pathologist, respectively. Conclusion: Since the radiation risk to staff members is low, a classification of the personnel in the operating room and in the pathology laboratories as occupational radiation exposed workers is not necessary.
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Abbas, Abbas F., Samir H. Jiad, Ilham A. Khalaf, Rawnak A. Ahmed, Israa E. Shwaish, and Sawsan A. Jassim. "Preparation of Diagnosis Kit for COVID-19 Corona Virus Using Enzyme Linked Immuno-Sorbant Assay (ELISA)." Iraqi Journal of Industrial Research 9, no. 2 (2022): 195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id257.
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Corona viruses are a family of viruses that can cause diseases such as the common cold and acute respiratory infection and in 2019, a new type of corona virus was discovered that caused an outbreak of a disease that originated in China. The virus is known as severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus (SARS-CoV-2). The resulting disease is called emerging corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the corona virus (COVID-19) to be a global pandemic. In this research, a diagnostic kit was prepared that is used in the laboratory to detect infection with Acquired Corona Virus (COVID19) by the method of the enzyme immunoassay (ELISA). Conjugated secondary antibodies tagged with HRP which gives a color signal with the substrate added to it, its intensity depends on the amount of antibodies present in the pathological sample. We used a microtiter plate coated with the virus core and ns antigen and a conjugate product from Imbian Company, while the other of the kit components (reagents and buffers) were prepared in Al-Razi laboratories to be suitable for use. Tests were conducted on the prepared kit for 96 samples, including 55 samples for positive cases and 41 samples for negative cases, which were obtained from the specialized laboratories and patients. The tests showed conformity in the results compared to foreign kit used for this purpose and using the ELISA washer and reader devices available in Al-Razi center's laboratories. And by installing the method of preparation by fixing the method of preparation and obtaining identical results, Al-Razi center can produce pioneering batches and provide the laboratories of Ministry of Health of this type of diagnostic kits.
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Zucchelli, G. C., M. Ferdeghini, A. Pilo, A. Clerico, S. Masini, and C. Prontera. "External Quality Assurance of the Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) Assay: Main Findings in Six Years' Experience." International Journal of Biological Markers 7, no. 3 (1992): 154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/172460089200700306.
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In 1984 we initiated a national external quality assessmnent (EQA) program (supported by the Italian National Research Council, CNR) for the CEA assay; at present, about 200 Italian laboratories are participating in the program. The laboratories assayed the quality control (QC) samples according to their routine procedures and returned the results together with the name of the method/kit they used. The collecterd results were computer-processed and reports were sent back to the participants. A significant reduction of the CVt (mean between-laboratory agreement) of the CEA assay was observed throughout the EQA survey (from 35% in 1985 to 20-25% in the last cycles). In order to better clarify the differences in variability observed in the first QC cycles against the last ones, we used the ANOVA technique to evaluate the components of variability. The improvement in between-laboratory agreement was mainly due to the reduction of the between-kit component (from 30.5% to 15.2%), rather than to the smaller decrease observed for the within-kit variability (from 18.4% to 14.0%). The results reported for QC samples from different materials showed differences in the between-lab variability and substantial changes of the kit biases, thus suggesting a different specificity of the antibodies used in the various method/kits against different families of CEA molecules. Considerable uncertainty was also encountered in the clinical classification of low pathological samples, which seems mainly due to the variability in cut-off values used by the laboratories for the clinical assessment of the same analytical results. Our data indicate a progressive increase in the reliability of CEA determination during our study and confirm that EQA has improved the reliability of analysis carried out by the participating laboratories, thus stimulating the kit manufacturers to provide more reliable products.
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Hamilton, Ashleigh C., David W. Donnelly, Maurice B. Loughrey, et al. "Inequalities in the decline and recovery of pathological cancer diagnoses during the first six months of the COVID-19 pandemic: a population-based study." British Journal of Cancer 125, no. 6 (2021): 798–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41416-021-01472-0.
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Abstract Background The restructuring of healthcare systems to cope with the demands of the COVID-19 pandemic has led to a reduction in clinical services such as cancer screening and diagnostics. Methods Data from the four Northern Ireland pathology laboratories were used to assess trends in pathological cancer diagnoses from 1st March to 12th September 2020 overall and by cancer site, sex and age. These trends were compared to the same timeframe from 2017 to 2019. Results Between 1st March and 12th September 2020, there was a 23% reduction in cancer diagnoses compared to the same time period in the preceding 3 years. Although some recovery occurred in August and September 2020, this revealed inequalities across certain patient groups. Pathological diagnoses of lung, prostate and gynaecological malignancies remained well below pre-pandemic levels. Males and younger/middle-aged adults, particularly the 50–59-year-old patient group, also lagged behind other population demographic groups in terms of returning to expected numbers of pathological cancer diagnoses. Conclusions There is a critical need to protect cancer diagnostic services in the ongoing pandemic to facilitate timely investigation of potential cancer cases. Targeted public health campaigns may be needed to reduce emerging inequalities in cancer diagnoses as the COVID-19 pandemic continues.
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López Panqueva, Rocio del Pilar, David A. Suarez-Zamora, Luis E. Barrera-Herrera, and Mariam Rolón Cadena. "Merkel Cell Carcinoma and Diagnostic Experience in a Reference Hospital: A Case Series." Case Reports in Medicine 2020 (February 19, 2020): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8391510.
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Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare poorly differentiated neuroendocrine tumor, usually located in sun-exposed skin, with aggressive behavior and with high recurrence risk and metastatic disease. In Latin America, case series have been published, and it does not exceed 32 patients in 10 years, and in Colombia, there are case reports. We present a descriptive retrospective cross-sectional study in patients diagnosed with MCC in the Department of Pathology and Laboratories at the University Hospital Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá(FSFB) between January 2003 and December 2018. We present the demographic, clinical, and pathological variables of these patients, as well as a literature review.
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Tomasini, Carlo Francesco, Andrea Michelerio, Eugenio Isoletta, Stefania Barruscotti, Barbara Wade, and Alba Muzzi. "A Clinico-Pathological Multidisciplinary Team Increases the Efficacy of Skin Biopsy and Reduces Clinical Risk in Dermatology." Dermatopathology 10, no. 2 (2023): 153–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dermatopathology10020023.
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A clinical risk is an inherent risk in healthcare processes, including skin biopsy procedures, and may lead to misdiagnoses, increased healthcare costs and potential harm to patients. Indeed, clinical and histopathological data must be integrated if we are to reduce clinical risks and improve diagnostic accuracy in the diagnosis of dermatologic diseases. Although dermopathology services used to be part of a dermatologist’s duty, the recent centralization of these laboratories has caused a loss of expertise and increased both complexity and safety issues. Some countries have implemented clinical-pathological correlation programs aimed at facilitating communication between clinicians and dermatopathologists. However, Italy has regulatory and cultural barriers that make the implementation of these programs difficult. Therefore, an internal analysis was carried out to assess the efficacy and impact that skin biopsy procedures for inflammatory and neoplastic conditions have on the quality of care in our dermatology department. As the analysis evidenced a high number of descriptive pathologic reports and discordant diagnoses, a multidisciplinary group of four dermatologists, four general pathologists and one dermatopathologist was set up. Herein, we present the results of this analysis and project and describe the structure of the multidisciplinary group. We also discuss the pros and cons, possibilities and limitations of our project, including the regulatory barriers of the Italian National Health System.
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Perluigi, Marzia, and D. Allan Butterfield. "Oxidative Stress and Down Syndrome: A Route toward Alzheimer-Like Dementia." Current Gerontology and Geriatrics Research 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/724904.
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Down syndrome (DS) is one of the most frequent genetic abnormalities characterized by multiple pathological phenotypes. Indeed, currently life expectancy and quality of life for DS patients have improved, although with increasing age pathological dysfunctions are exacerbated and intellectual disability may lead to the development of Alzheimer's type dementia (AD). The neuropathology of DS is complex and includes the development of AD by middle age, altered free radical metabolism, and impaired mitochondrial function, both of which contribute to neuronal degeneration. Understanding the molecular basis that drives the development of AD is an intense field of research. Our laboratories are interested in understanding the role of oxidative stress as link between DS and AD. This review examines the current literature that showed oxidative damage in DS by identifying putative molecular pathways that play a central role in the neurodegenerative processes. In addition, considering the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative phenomena, results demonstrating the involvement of impaired mitochondria in DS pathology could contribute a direct link between normal aging and development of AD-like dementia in DS patients.
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Liang, Cher-Wei, Pei-Wei Fang, Hsuan-Ying Huang, and Chung-Ming Lo. "Deep Convolutional Neural Networks Detect Tumor Genotype from Pathological Tissue Images in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors." Cancers 13, no. 22 (2021): 5787. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13225787.
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Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are common mesenchymal tumors, and their effective treatment depends upon the mutational subtype of the KIT/PDGFRA genes. We established deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) models to rapidly predict drug-sensitive mutation subtypes from images of pathological tissue. A total of 5153 pathological images of 365 different GISTs from three different laboratories were collected and divided into training and validation sets. A transfer learning mechanism based on DCNN was used with four different network architectures, to identify cases with drug-sensitive mutations. The accuracy ranged from 87% to 75%. Cross-institutional inconsistency, however, was observed. Using gray-scale images resulted in a 7% drop in accuracy (accuracy 80%, sensitivity 87%, specificity 73%). Using images containing only nuclei (accuracy 81%, sensitivity 87%, specificity 73%) or cytoplasm (accuracy 79%, sensitivity 88%, specificity 67%) produced 6% and 8% drops in accuracy rate, respectively, suggesting buffering effects across subcellular components in DCNN interpretation. The proposed DCNN model successfully inferred cases with drug-sensitive mutations with high accuracy. The contribution of image color and subcellular components was also revealed. These results will help to generate a cheaper and quicker screening method for tumor gene testing.
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Shechner, Tomer, and Yair Bar-Haim. "Threat Monitoring and Attention-Bias Modification in Anxiety and Stress-Related Disorders." Current Directions in Psychological Science 25, no. 6 (2016): 431–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963721416664341.
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Extensive research has demonstrated the effects of threat-related attentional bias on anxiety and stress-related disorders. This review summarizes recent findings from clinical affective neuroscience. It takes a multilevel analysis approach by presenting behavioral and neural findings from studies conducted in laboratories, clinical settings, and real-life situations. Building on recent findings, we propose a new working model linking individual tendencies to attend or avoid threats with the level of danger in a given context. Namely, adaptive or pathological response is determined by threat-monitoring flexibility and plasticity in an ever-changing environment. The review culminates by describing the potential therapeutic value of attention-bias modification in the treatment of anxiety and stress-related disorders.
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Hu, Shumin, Jiali Gong, Xiu Zhu, and Hongyang Lu. "Pulmonary Salivary Gland Tumor, Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma: A Literature Review." Journal of Oncology 2022 (November 2, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9742091.
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Pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma (PMEC) is the most common malignant salivary gland tumor in the lungs and accounts for 0.1-0.2% of all lung malignancies in adults. It has no specific epidemiological or clinical characteristics. Correct diagnosis requires the combined examinations of images, laboratories, pathology, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) as well as molecular characteristics. PMEC tumors are characterized by squamous, intermediate, and mucus-secreting cells. Currently, histological appearance, mitotic frequency, cellular atypia, and necrocytosis allow the classification of PMEC into low grade or high grade. Molecular changes are crucial to pathological diagnosis. The driver of PMEC seems to be the fusion protein MECT1-MAML2 that is generated from a genetic mutation in t (11; 19) (q21; p13), while other gene mutations are also reported. However, no treatment of PMEC exists so far; surgical excision is still the primary treatment, while the efficacies of chemotherapy or radiotherapy are undefined. Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy and immunotherapy showed to have significant therapeutic effects but require more investigation and better understanding. This review focuses on the clinical characteristics, imaging and pathologic features, immunohistochemical examination, mutation analysis, differential diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of PMEC.
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Bhatt, M. P., N. Rai, S. Pokhrel, et al. "Standardization of Visible Kinetic Assay for the Estimation of Plasma Glucose by Glucose Oxidase and Peroxidase Method." Journal of Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences 7, no. 1 (2021): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmmihs.v7i1.43150.
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Objective: In the clinical laboratory, glucose is the most frequently analyzed test in blood which plays a vital role in the diagnosis and management of patients suffering from diabetes mellitus and metabolic disorders. The glucose oxidase and peroxidase (GOD-POD) method is an end point reaction method for glucose estimation, which is cheap and readily available in routine laboratories with significant time consumption. However, Glucose estimation by hexokinase is available for rapid estimation that may cost comparatively higher for the routine laboratories. Thus, our study is designed to standardize rapid and convenient method of plasma glucose estimation with modification by kinetic mode based on GOD-POD reaction for the rapid and high through put analysis of glucose estimation using semi-automated or autoanalyzers.
 Method: Photometric linearity of the kinetic method is compared with that of end point reaction methods. Furthermore, correlation between an endpoint and kinetic method was determined using Pearson correlation using plasma from normal and diabetic patients (n=32) visiting Manmohan Memorial Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu.
 Result: Our study showed, significant positive correlation between the end point and the kinetic method (r=0.99) The linearity of modified kinetic (GOD-POD) method is up to 400 mg/dl in comparison to that of existing end point method (500 mg/dl), which covers the normoglycemic to pathological hyperglycemic range of glucose estimation in routine laboratories.
 Conclusion: The significant positive correlation of our visible kinetic method with end point reaction method shows possibilities for the high through put and rapid analysis of the glucose estimation in 3 minute using semi-automated and autoanalizers.
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Rigl, T., L. Buturovic, A. Pattin, Q. Tran, and L. Nguyen. "Gene expression analytics identify tissue of origin of unspecified metastatic cancers." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 18_suppl (2006): 20082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.20082.
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20082 Background: Identification of the tissue of origin for unspecified metastatic cancers is associated with improved outcomes. To aid in determining the origin of these cancers, we designed a semi-quantitative test that uses proprietary analytics and a companion genomic microarray to compare the expression signature of a biopsy specimen with those of the following types of cancers: bladder, breast, colorectal, gastroesophageal, germ line, hepatocellular, kidney, lung, lymphoma, melanoma, ovarian, pancreatic, prostate, soft tissue-sarcoma, and thyroid. More than 5,500 human specimens processed on Affymetrix HG U133A microarrays were analyzed to determine the test’s standardization algorithm. Methods: Studies across nine different laboratories were conducted to demonstrate the reproducibility required to support the potential clinical application of the test. Biopsy specimens of 604 metastatic cancers of known origin (by conventional pathological testing) were used to “train” the algorithm. An additional 636 samples then were tested. Diagnostic odds ratio (OR), sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (LR+), and negative likelihood ratio (LR−) were determined for individual all-against-one tests. Results: Robust standardization, which involves 121 “house-keeping genes”, enabled the tissue of origin test to demonstrate reproducibility across nine different laboratories. Identification of the correct tissue of origin was associated with OR values ranging from 23 to >500, with averages for sensitivity of 83%, specificity of 99%, LR+ of 210, and LR− of 0.17. Conclusions: The PathWork Oncology Suite: Tissue of Origin (POS:TOO) test uses methods that are reproducible across laboratories. By analyzing microarray data with the POS:TOO algorithm, the test can identify the origin of metastatic tumors. Preparations for clinical validation studies are in progress and results will be submitted to FDA for clearance. [Table: see text]
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Althaus, Karina, Barbara Zieger, Tamam Bakchoul, and Kerstin Jurk. "Standardization of Light Transmission Aggregometry for Diagnosis of Platelet Disorders: An Inter-Laboratory External Quality Assessment." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 119, no. 07 (2019): 1154–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1688791.
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AbstractSeveral in vitro platelet function tests are available for the diagnosis of inherited platelet function disorders. Currently, the light transmission aggregometry (LTA) is recommended as one of the first-step tests. LTA is available in most specialized hemostasis laboratories. Although the LTA is accepted as a ‘gold standard’ assay for the evaluation of platelet function, its standardization in the clinical practice is still challenging. The GTH-based THROMKID-Plus Study Group has performed an inter-laboratory trial in Germany and Austria. Five different agonists were selected according to the Scientific and Standardization Committee/International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis recommendations and shipped in 3 different sets (one should represent a healthy control and two should simulate platelet function disorders) to 15 specialized laboratories in Germany and Austria. Agonists were analyzed by APACT or PAP4/8 aggregometer using platelet-rich plasma from healthy donors. In addition, laboratory-internal platelet agonists were tested in platelet-rich plasma from a healthy donor. All laboratories (9 used APACT, 6 used PAP4/PAP8) showed very consistent data regarding the maximum percentage of aggregation induced by the tested agonists and identified the differential diagnosis of the simulated platelet function disorders with one exception, which was due to technical problems. In contrast, there was a high variability of the laboratory-internal inductors regarding reagent type, concentrations and pathological cut-off values. Our study showed that the shipment of agonists is suitable for an inter-laboratory survey of LTA. However, there is still a remarkable need for standardization of agonist reagents and their concentration as well as for definition of reference ranges.
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Che, Nanying, Yang Qu, Chen Zhang, Li Zhang, and Haiqing Zhang. "Double staining of bacilli and antigen Ag85B improves the accuracy of the pathological diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis." Journal of Clinical Pathology 69, no. 7 (2015): 600–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jclinpath-2015-203244.
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BackgroundA pathological examination plays an important role in the confirmation of a diagnosis of tuberculosis, especially for smear- and culture-negative cases. However, conventional Ziehl–Neelsen staining and histological tests lack sensitivity and specificity.ObjectiveTo evaluate the diagnostic value of immunohistochemical staining to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein Ag85B and a newly developed double staining (ZC staining) method that can simultaneously detect acid-fast bacilli and M. tuberculosis antigen in the same histological section.MethodsA total of 282 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded lung tissues were identified following histological examination, including 212 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis and 70 other pulmonary diseases. Ziehl–Neelsen staining, Ag85B-immunohistochemistry and the newly developed ZC staining were performed on serial sections of all the specimens.ResultsExpression patterns of Ag85B were consistent with the distribution patterns of acid-fast bacilli. The signal produced by Ag85B-immunohistochemistry was much stronger than that produced by Ziehl–Neelsen staining. The sensitivity of Ag85B-immunohistochemistry was significantly higher than that of Ziehl–Neelsen staining, 53.8% (95% CI 47.0% to 60.5%) vs 34.4% (95% CI 28.0% to 40.9%). The newly developed ZC staining, integrating advantages of both Ziehl–Neelsen staining and immunohistochemistry, further improved the rate of sensitivity up to 65.6% (95% CI 59.1% to 72.0%).ConclusionsThis new method, detecting both acid-fast bacilli and M. tuberculosis antigen, is a simple and sensitive method for the pathological diagnosis of tuberculosis and can be easily incorporated into routine tests of pathological laboratories.
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Daculsi, G., Daniel Chappard, Eric Aguado, G. Legeay, Pierre Layrolle, and Pierre Weiss. "Multiphasic Biomaterials: A Concept for Bone Substitutes Developed in the "Pays de la Loire"." Key Engineering Materials 361-363 (November 2007): —17——1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.361-363.-17.
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This paper reports on the research into multiphase bone substitutes carried out by laboratories from the ‘Pays de la Loire’ region in France. This collaborative research was funded by both the French Government and the Regional Council in the period 2000-2007. Calcium phosphate bioceramics, polymers and combinations have been developed as bone substitutes for various maxillofacial and orthopaedic applications. These bone substitutes should support and regenerate bone tissue and resorb after implantation. In the bone tissue engineering area, they have been combined with autologous bone marrow cells or bioactive factors. The bone substitutes were tested in various animal models mimicking clinical situations or under pathological conditions (osteoporosis). In order to complete our research, the multiphase materials were also evaluated in clinical trials.
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da Silva Santana, Rogério Eduardo, Agenor de Toledo Fleury, and Luciano Luporini Menegaldo. "A Low-Cost Anthropometric Walking Robot for Reproducing Gait Lab Data." Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 5, no. 4 (2008): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/530292.
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Human gait analysis is one of the resources that may be used in the study and treatment of pathologies of the locomotive system. This paper deals with the modelling and control aspects of the design, construction and testing of a biped walking robot conceived to, in limited extents, reproduce the human gait. Robot dimensions have been chosen in order to guarantee anthropomorphic proportions and then to help health professionals in gait studies. The robot has been assembled with low-cost components and can reproduce, in an assisted way, real-gait patterns generated from data previously acquired in gait laboratories. Part of the simulated and experimental results are addressed to demonstrate the ability of the biped robot in reproducing normal and pathological human gait.
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González-Casaus, María Luisa, Pilar Fernández-Calle, and Antonio Buño Soto. "Should clinical laboratories adapt to the reality of chronic kidney disease in the determination of parathyroid hormone?" Advances in Laboratory Medicine / Avances en Medicina de Laboratorio 2, no. 3 (2021): 342–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/almed-2021-0046.
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Abstract Objectives The contribution of the clinical laboratory to diagnostics is increasingly important since a great deal of clinical decisions rely on laboratory test results. Content Parathyroid hormone (PTH) measurement presents a considerable analytical variability due to the heterogeneity of its circulating forms and the antigenic configuration of the different assays commercially available. Such variability may have an impact on pathological conditions associated with significant increases in circulating PTH, as it is the case of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Summary Despite the recent identification of new molecules involved in bone and mineral disorders associated with CKD, such as klotho or the fibroblastic factor 23 (FGF23), nephrologists still base their clinical decisions on PTH concentrations. The problem is that unawareness of these analytical considerations may cause errors in the clinical interpretation of test results. Outlook This systematic review addresses these issues from the clinical laboratory perspective and proposes new approaches related to PTH method selection and result expression. These new strategies will help laboratory medicine specialists and nephrologist better determine the status of CKD patients.
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Darré, Tchin, Lantam Sonhaye, Mazamaesso Tchaou, et al. "Diagnostic Difficulties in Pathological Laboratories in Developing Countries: A Case Report of Differentiated Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a Young Togolese Woman." Case Reports in Pathology 2016 (2016): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3727484.
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Yu, Zhiyang, Wenpan Wang, Qiong Qiao, et al. "The Research Progress of the Application of Bioinformatics in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease." Chinese medicine and natural products 04, no. 01 (2024): e1-e7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1782159.
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AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by a complex pathogenesis, limited diagnostic methods, and a lack of effective therapeutic drugs in clinical settings, posing significant challenges in modern medical research. Bioinformatics offers new perspectives for identifying key pathological biomarkers of AD, analyzing differentially expressed genes in AD, screening for effective drug targets against AD, studying the mechanisms of AD pathogenesis, and discovering novel anti-AD drugs. However, data preprocessing and statistical analysis methods in bioinformatics research can significantly impact results, and there is a lack of consistency and coordination in analysis methods across platforms and laboratories in practical studies, making it difficult to compare data between studies. Therefore, it is crucial to establish standardized operating procedures and quality control protocols, improve the reproducibility of methods across platforms, and promote data comparison between studies.
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Kafesa, Ally, Santi Noviyanti, Nurdin Nurdin, and Muhammad Alwi Sutomi. "Validity test of POCT (Point of Care Testing) method on blood glucose examination using whole blood samples, serum, and EDTA plasma." Asian Journal of Health and Applied Sciences 1, no. 2 (2022): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.53402/ajhas.v1i2.15.
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Medical laboratory services can support disease diagnosis or monitor patient recovery. The reality of the POCT method has been widely used by clinical laboratories. The tool is not only used for screening but is also used to check the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. This research aims to determine the validity of the POCT method on whole blood, serum, and plasma EDTA samples on blood glucose tests. The research method of this study used the descriptive-analytical method using the POCT method on blood glucose tests using three different types of samples, whole blood, serum, and plasma EDTA. Precision tests were accepted on normal and pathological serum samples with CV% of 2.02% and 2.27%. The accuracy test was accepted on a normal and pathological serum with TE% values of 8.54% and 6.03%. The linearity test is accepted on serum–plasma EDTA samples with an r2 value of 0.998. The sigma values are in the unacceptable area. The use of the POCT tool for blood glucose examination has a valid performance value. The deviation of the examination results is influenced by pre-analytical errors such as sampling and processing samples so that the total error obtained is higher than the total allowed error. The POCT tool can be used for all types of samples.
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Avalle, Lidia, and Valeria Poli. "Nucleus, Mitochondrion, or Reticulum? STAT3 à La Carte." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 9 (2018): 2820. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19092820.
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The transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 mediates the functions of cytokines, growth factors, and oncogenes under both physiological and pathological conditions. Uncontrolled/constitutive STAT3 activity is often detected in tumors of different types, where its role is mostly that of an oncogene, contributing in multiple ways to tumor transformation, growth, and progression. For this reason, many laboratories and pharmaceutical companies are making efforts to develop specific inhibitors. However, STAT3 has also been shown to act as a tumor suppressor in a number of cases, suggesting that its activity is strongly context-specific. Here, we discuss the bases that can explain the multiple roles of this factor in both physiological and pathological contexts. In particular, we focus on the following four features: (i) the distinct properties of the STAT3α and β isoforms; (ii) the multiple post-translational modifications (phosphorylation on tyrosine or serine, acetylation and methylation on different residues, and oxidation and glutathionylation) that can affect its activities downstream of multiple different signals; (iii) the non-canonical functions in the mitochondria, contributing to the maintenance of energy homeostasis under stress conditions; and (iv) the recently discovered functions in the endoplasmic reticulum, where STAT3 contributes to the regulation of calcium homeostasis, energy production, and apoptosis.
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Nursidika, Perdina, Wikan Mahargyani, and Fitri Kurnia Anggraeni. "Comparison Analysis of Total Cholesterol Level Examination Between Photometry and 3 Parameters Point of Care Testing Device." Medical Laboratory Technology Journal 4, no. 2 (2018): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31964/mltj.v4i2.184.
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Total cholesterol is the composition of many substances including cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol. Cholesterol examination is one of the most frequent tests required in the laboratory to monitor vascular and cardiovascular diseases. Most clinical pathology laboratories use photometer to perform clinical chemistry checks. Cholesterol testing can also be done with Point of Care Testing (POCT) which has a working principle of biosensor technology. This research method is experimental, using 40 samples that can represent normal and pathological levels. All samples will be checked for total cholesterol with a photometer of CHOD-PAP method and 3 POCT Lipid Pro. The results showed linear regression y = 0.955x + 1.8325 with R2 of 0.9955. The linear regression value is calculated by Total Error (TE), while the Total Error Allowable (TEa) cholesterol is 10%. The bias value is 0.31%, TE for normal level = 5.92% and TE for high pathological level = 3.00%, it can be stated the result of examination can be compared or accepted. The% TE value obtained is less than the TEa value of cholesterol. It can be concluded that the total cholesterol results examined by the photometer and LipidPro are comparable. For further research it is advisable to use a total cholesterol sample that has a value of more than 400 mg/dL.
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Buklijas, Tatjana. "The laboratory and the asylum: Francis Walker Mott and the pathological laboratory at London County Council Lunatic Asylum, Claybury, Essex (1895–1916)." History of Psychiatry 28, no. 3 (2017): 311–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957154x17700293.
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London County Council’s pathological laboratory in the LCC asylum at Claybury, Essex, was established in 1895 to study the pathology of mental illness. Historians of psychiatry have understood the Claybury laboratory as a predecessor of the Maudsley Hospital in London: not only was this laboratory closed when the Maudsley was opened in 1916, but its director, Frederick Walker Mott, a champion of the ‘German’ model in psychiatry, was instrumental in the establishment of this institution. Yet, as I argue in this essay, for all the continuities with the Maudsley, the Claybury laboratory should not be seen solely as its predecessor – or as a British answer to continental laboratories such as Theodor Meynert’s in Vienna. Rather, as I show using the examples of general paralysis of the insane and ‘asylum colitis’, the Claybury laboratory is best understood as an attempt to prevent mental illness using a microbiological model.
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Ahmadi, Salehin, Ubada Aqeel, and Shikha Gera. "Healthcare Laboratories: a venture to ramp up health of rural India." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 14, no. 1 (2024): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-04-2023-0126.
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Learning outcomes The learning objectives have been prepared following Bloom’s taxonomy (Bloom et al., 1956). After completing the case study, the students will be able to identify and recall the prerequisites necessary for establishing a pathology laboratory. (knowledge); analyze the micro- and macroenvironmental factors considered by Mr Sabihul Haque in the development of the strategic plan for Healthcare Laboratories (HCL) (knowledge and application); explain the key components of the Porter’s value chain and their significance in the operation of HCL (comprehension and evaluation); use the TOWS analysis to map the internal strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of HCL (application and synthesis); and analyze the challenges faced by protagonist in managing HCL and generate suggestions for addressing the challenges (analysis and synthesis). Case overview/synopsis HCL, an enterprise established in 2018 in Sahdeo Khap, Gaya, Bihar, India, aims to provide high-quality pathological diagnostic services in semi-urban and rural areas. This health-care initiative is pioneering, offering pathology services to make high-quality, low-cost diagnostic services accessible in rural India. In rural settings, numerous health-care hurdles make it challenging for individuals to access the care they need. Since its inception, HCL has expanded its reach to connect more areas, facilitating diagnostic services for people in remote regions. The establishment of laboratories in semi-urban areas aims to reduce patient travel time, costs and health risks by bringing services directly to their doorstep. Haque, the chief executive officer of the lab, grappled with multiple challenges, including selecting an appropriate location for the lab, recruiting and retaining skilled workforce, managing logistics supply, collaborating with local health-care providers, dispelling the stigma among the population that superior services are only available in cities and enhancing health literacy in rural communities. Following numerous meetings with Ms Ummati Naiyyer, head of operations, they worked collaboratively to address these challenges, developing a blueprint and future plan to operate services in rural areas. This case study provides insights into the obstacles faced by HCL striving for success in rural areas. It elucidates the beneficial application of the Porter’s value chain, along with an analysis of macro- and microenvironmental factors. Unique challenges such as societal stigma and mistrust are specifically emphasized. Students engaging with this case study will enhance their problem-solving skills through brainstorming and providing recommendations, contributing to potential solutions for HCL’s difficulties. Complexity academic level The teaching notes for the HCL case is designed to enhance the learning experience of undergraduate and graduate students within the context of the course. This case study serves as a valuable teaching tool, allowing students to apply theoretical knowledge to real-world scenarios in the health-care industry. The notes provide a framework for instructors to facilitate discussions, encourage critical thinking and promote a deeper understanding of key concepts related to establishing diagnostic laboratories in rural areas. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS3: Entrepreneurship.
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Alfhili, Mohammad A., Jawaher Alsughayyir, Ahmed Basudan, et al. "Isolated and Combined Effect of Age and Gender on Neutrophil–Lymphocyte Ratio in the Hyperglycemic Saudi Population." Medicina 58, no. 8 (2022): 1040. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina58081040.
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Inflammation is pivotal to the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus (DM), but pathological alterations of the neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR), an emerging inflammatory index in DM management, remains understudied. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between NLR and glycemic control in the Saudi population. Gender, age, WBC count, and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were obtained from Al-Borg Medical Laboratories for 14,205 subjects. Means, prevalence, risk measures, and the diagnostic accuracy of elevated NLR and hyperglycemia (HG) were evaluated. Subjects with elevated NLR (>3) had significantly higher FBG (105.10 ± 0.33 vs. 114.0 ± 2.81) and NLR was significantly elevated in impaired fasting glycemia (IFG; 1.21 ± 0.01 vs. 1.25 ± 0.01) and HG (1.21 ± 0.01 vs. 1.39 ± 0.02). Elevations of NLR in HG but not in IFG persisted across all age groups except young males and elderly females. The prevalence of elevated NLR in hyperglycemic subjects was 4.12% compared to 2.16% in subjects with normal FBG. HG was more prevalent in subjects with elevated NLR (17.33% vs. 12.46%) who had a relative risk (RR) of 1.68 (95% CI = 1.38–2.06, p < 0.0001) and an odds ratio (OR) of 1.94 (95% CI = 1.48–2.56, p < 0.0001) to be hyperglycemic. Nevertheless, NLR failed to discriminate individuals with normal FBG from those with HG based on ROC curve analysis. Pathological fluctuations in NLR may serve as supportive evidence in DM management.