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Bridges, Leslie Roy. "Comparative pathology of Alzheimer's disease and CJD." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.446438.
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Healy, D. M. "Comparative pathology of Lyssaviruses in a murine model." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.546358.
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Silvagni, Paul Anthony. "Comparative pathology and diagnosis of domoic acid toxicity /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2003. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Coutts, Natalie June. "Comparative molecular genetics of the German Shepherd dog." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8622.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 105-111).Microsatellite markers were used to measure genetic diversity and population differentiation within and between domestic dog breeds. The German Shepherd Dog was compared with typical outbred mongrel dogs, Dachshunds, Staffordshire Bull Terriers and a cohort of other pedigreed dogs representing 30 recognised breeds. Although archaeological records report that grey wolves (Canis lupus) were domesticated approximately 14 000 years ago, mtDNA analysis suggests that domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) and grey wolves diverged in multiple events over 100 000 years ago. Subsequently, the movement of humans and their dogs resulted in extensive gene flow between dog populations for thousands of years. Breeding practices to obtain distinctive pnenotypic uniformity were recently introduced, resulting in pure-bred dogs becoming essentially closed gene pools. However, further mtDNA analyses have reported unexpectedly high levels of variability, supported by microsatellite loci with heterogeneities of between 36% and 55% being reported for some dog breeds. Microsatellite analyses of 15 polymorphic canine loci are reported. German Shepherd Dogs and outbred mongrel dogs expressed diversity values of 4.0 alleles per locus in the former and 6.4 in the later (corrected for population size by jack-knifing with 1 000 pseudoreplications), with expected heterozygosities of 62% and 83%, respectively. German Shepherd Dogs showed a moderate loss of genetic diversity relative to outbred dogs, but not sufficient to describe the breed as highly inbred. However, in comparison with other pure-bred dogs examined, they expressed the least genetic diversity, with Dachshunds having 5.2, Staffordshire Bull Terriers 4.8 and the composite group of pedigreed dogs 6.0 alleles per locus, with expected heterozygosities of 72%, 67% and 80%, respectively. Significant population differentiation (GST = 0.103; RST = 0.058) between German Shepherd Dogs and the outbred dogs illustrates the effect of genetic drift since the breed was established just over 100 years ago. This study would benefit future breeding programs, as management should be facilitated by knowledge of relative measures of inbreeding and differentiation, especially between various separate breeding stocks within the breed.
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Machaalani, Rita. "Brainstem pathology in SIDS and in a comparative piglet model." University of Sydney. Medicine, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/605.
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This thesis tests the hypothesis that increased neuronal cell death in SIDS infants is related to the ability of risk factors, such as prone sleeping, to expose infants to intermittent hypercapnic hypoxia (IHH). Based on the hypothesis that the NMDA system is linked to neuronal death, by way of excitotoxicity, correlations were also sought between cell death and changes in NMDA receptor (NR1) expression in brainstem nuclei controlling cardiorespiratory function. The first aim of this study was to verify that increased neuronal cell death occurs in SIDS infants. To verify a piglet model of SIDS risk factors, brainstem changes were examined in piglets exposed to IHH, and comparisons were made to changes seen in SIDS infants. The NMDA receptor was characterised in controls for both the human infant and the piglet groups. Comparisons of neuronal changes were made with SIDS infants, and piglets exposed to IHH. Non-radioactive in-situ hybridisation and immunohistochemistry were performed on formalin fixed and paraffin embedded brainstem tissue to identify markers of cell death (caspase-3, active caspase-3, and TUNEL), and to examine NR1 mRNA and protein expressions. Staining was quantified using computerised image analysis software. Eight nuclei from the brainstem medulla (caudal in piglets, and mid in infants), and two nuclei from the rostral pons (infants) were studied. The first dataset included human infants aged 1-6 months with a diagnosis of SIDS (n=15) or non-SIDS (n=10). The second dataset comprised developing piglets aged 13-14 days, with controls (n=6), against those exposed to IHH for 2 (n=6) or 4 (n=5) days. Increased neuronal cell death was not verified in the SIDS infants, but abnormalities in NR1 expression were present in selected nuclei of the medulla. Piglets exposed to IHH had increased neuronal cell death and changes in NR1 in selected nuclei of the medulla. There was also a positive correlation between increased cell death and high NR1 levels. Preliminary data showed that SIDS infants who usually slept prone had some differences in NR1 compared to those who did not usually sleep prone. From these findings, it was concluded that IHH may underlie the abnormalities in NMDA receptor expression that are present in the brainstem of SIDS infants. Although IHH can induce an increase in neuronal cell death, its significance in the aetiology of SIDS is not known. In piglets, IHH induced cell death correlated with high NMDA expression in some brainstem nuclei, supporting the hypothesis that excitotoxicity may be involved in the mechanism for cell death. Moreover, this thesis presents for the first time, �preliminary pathological proof� of an association between prone sleeping and abnormal NMDA receptor expression in SIDS infants.
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Cordovez-Stanziola, Rosana. "Comparative study between digital and conventional radiology in gastrointestinal pathology." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=57014.
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The Radiology Department of the Montreal General Hospital was testing a digital system for gastrointestinal examinations. The goal of the study was to evaluate its potential in clinical situations, with the purpose of complementing or replacing the old fluoroscopic system available at the moment.The core of our study was to image 18 surgical specimens with gastrointestinal pathology utilizing 3 different techniques: high resolution shielded-cabinet, the Siemens digital system and the conventional analog hard copy system.
A skin dose exposure test was conducted by the department with the purpose of assessing the benefits of both the digital and the conventional systems.
We concluded in this study that the many advantages of the digital system--lower skin exposure, image reconstruction and manipulation, fast access to images, overcome its inferior resolution as compared with the analog hard-copy generation system.
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Barrow, Jennifer H. "Comprehensive mapping of paediatric high grade glioma by oligo array comparative genomic hybridisation." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11975/.
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Overall paediatric high grade glioma (pHGG) has a poor prognosis, in part due to the lack of understanding of the underlying biology. We therefore used high resolution 244K oligo array comparative genomic hybridisation (oligo aCGH) (Agilent Technologies) to analyse DNA from 38 formalin-fixed paraffin embedded pHGG samples, including 13 DIPG. The pattern of gains and losses were distinct from those seen in HGG arising in adults. In particular we found 1q gain in 21% of our cohort compared to 9% in adults. Homozygous loss at 8p12 was seen in 6/38 (15%) of pHGG. This deletion has not been previously reported in adult or paediatric high grade gliomas. The minimal deleted region is of the gene ADAM3A and homozygous deletion of ADAM3A was confirmed by quantitative real time PCR (qPCR). This novel homozygous deletion of ADAM3A in pHGG merits further study. Amplification of the 4q11-13 region was detected in 8% of cases and included PDGFRA and KIT and subsequent qPCR analysis was consistent with amplification of PDGFRA. MYCN amplification was seen in 2/38 samples (5%) and was shown to be significantly associated with anaplastic astrocytomas (p=0.03). Loss of CDKN2A/B was seen in 4/38 (10%) samples by oligo a CGH, confirmed by FISH on TMAs, and was restricted to supratentorial tumours. ~50% of supratentorial tumours were positive for CDKN2B expression by IHC, whilst ~75% of brainstem gliomas were positive for CDKN2B expression (p = 0.03). Overall DIPG shared a similar spectrum of changes to supratentorial HGG with some notable differences including high frequency of 17p loss and 14q loss, low occurrence of 10q loss and lack of CDKN2A/B deletion.
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Sookhayi, Raveendra. "The histopathology and immunohistochemical expression of cell cycle regulators and mismatch repair gene proteins in colorectal carcinoma : a comparative study." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15734.
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Introduction: It has been reported that HNPCC colorectal carcinomas demonstrate a better prognosis compared to sporadic carcinoma, however the exact mechanism for this is still uncertain. It is possible that tumour morphology, location and cell cycle markers may be indicators of the underlying molecular mechanism. In a resource limited setting these factors may help to stratify which cases need further molecular testing and genetic counselling. Aims and objectives: To characterise the macroscopic and microscopic pathology in three cohorts of patients. The cohorts include (1) patients with CRCs that are < 50 years and mutation negative, (2) < 50 years and DNA mismatch repair gene mutation positive and (3) more than 50 years (sporadic). To investigate the immunoexpression of the cell cycle regulators (p21, p27, p53, c-myc, cyclin D1 and cyclin E) and MMP-7 in each cohort. To compare the immunoexpression of each marker between cohort s. To correlate the immunoexpression of each marker with tumour type, stage and grade. Materials and methods: In total, 17 mutation negative, 15 mutation positive and 28 sporadic adenocarcinoma resection cases were available for study. The histopathological features of all cases were reviewed. The cases were stained with antibodies against p21, p27, cyclin D1, cyclin E, p53, c- myc MMP -7, MLH1, MSH2 and MSH6. Results were considered statistically significant if P < 0.05, and P <0.017 if 3 pairs of medians were compared. Results: The mutation positive tumours were more frequently right sided tumours and showed mucinous differentiation, tumour infiltrating lymphocytes and an expanding border. The sporadic and mutation negative cohort s showed similar morphology. In the sporadic cohort, the five tumours that were MLH1 negative demonstrated morphological features of MSI-H tumours. MLH1 mutations were the commonest. MLH1 immuno expression was lost in the mutation positive tumours and was statistically significant when compared to the other two cohorts. There was no statistical significance among the three cohorts for MSH2 and MSH6 immunoexpression. There was no statistically significant difference in immunoexpression for p21, p27, p53 and MMP-7 among the three cohorts. Furthermore, there was no association with tumour type and stage. Cyclin D1 expression was increased in the mutation positive cohort and was statistically significant when compared to the mutation negative cohort only. Cyclin E expression was also increased in the mutation positive cohort and was statistically significant when compared to the sporadic cohort only. Conclusion: The morphological features of colorectal carcinomas can be helpful in identifying MS I-H tumours and cases requiring further molecular studies. The cell cycle marker expression s did not explain the expected differences in patient outcome and prognosis. The mutation negative cohort in our population continues to remain enigmatic and further testing at the molecular level is required, that may reveal another novel pathway of colorectal carcinogenesis or other novel mutations in mismatch repair genes.
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Unkrich, Diane. "Neuropsychological Test Adaptation Into Greek: A Comparative Study of Cognitive-Linguistic Performance in Older Adults." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1145306672.
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Matheron, Michael E., and Martin Porchas. "Comparative Evaluation of Products to Manage Sclerotinia Drop of Lettuce in 2005." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/215016.
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Sclerotinia drop on lettuce is caused by two soil-borne fungi, Sclerotinia minor and S. sclerotiorum. Moist soil and moderate temperatures favor this disease. Some registered products as well as new chemistries in development were compared for their ability to suppress Sclerotinia drop on lettuce during the winter vegetable growing season in 2004-2005. Sclerotia of each pathogen were incorporated into plots after lettuce thinning and just before the first application of test compounds. In plots infested with either Sclerotinia minor or S. sclerotiorum, most materials tested at an appropriate rate significantly reduced disease. In plots infested with S. minor, the best treatments included Endura, Endura followed by Rovral, Botran, and Endura + Contans. For plots containing S. sclerotiorum, the best treatments included Endura + Contans, Endura followed by Rovral, and Contans. One of the products tested, Contans, is a biological control material. For a valid comparison of products for control of Sclerotinia drop of lettuce, it is important to compare the results obtained from more than one field study. The reader is urged to review previous studies in addition to this report to get an accurate picture of the relative efficacy of tested compounds for control of Sclerotinia drop.
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Pesko, Bogumila Katarzyna. "Estimation of time since death using comparative proteomic and metabolomic approaches." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2017. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8179/.
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The success of forensic investigation very often depends on the establishment of the correct timeline of events. In the investigation of fatalities, this depends greatly on the estimation of the time since death of the victim. Current methods lead to inaccurate results and depend greatly on the experience of the investigator. Pathologists estimate the time since death based on visual inspection of the bodies as well as body temperature measurement. Only very short post-mortem intervals (PMIs) can be evaluated with some degree of certainty. This investigation used untargeted proteomic and metabolomic approaches to identify potential molecular markers (proteins, metabolites) which could help to quantify post-mortem changes and aid PMI estimation. Animal models were used in the initial stages of the project. Aged beef meat (stored at 4°C for 13 days) and rat muscle samples (intact cadavers stored at ambient temperature for 3 days) were sampled at 24 h time intervals. In the final stages of the project, human tissue samples were collected at the Forensic Anthropology Centre at Texas State University (San Marcos, Texas). Muscle samples were collected at various times post-mortem from 6 different subjects over the period of two weeks. For the proteomics experiment, 0.5g of tissue was homogenized in extraction buffer consisting of urea, thiourea and 3-((3-cholamidopropyl) dimethylammonio)-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS). Protein separation was carried out using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Protein identification was performed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. For the metabolomics experiment, 0.5g of tissue was homogenized in chloroform/methanol/water solution. The extracted samples were analysed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry as well as gas chromatography – mass spectrometry. The investigation allowed the identification of potential biomarker candidates. The proteins of interest varied between the sampled mammals. However, myosin and actin appear as promising candidates for all three species. The metabolomics experiments yielded a large number of possible biomarker candidates. Both liquid and gas chromatography approaches were successfully applied, pointing towards various compounds. Proteogenic amino acids were identified as main compounds of interest in all species using both methods. The study has shown that both proteomic and metabolomic approaches can be successfully applied in forensic medical science and can help to find PMI markers. Using the untargeted approach gives the advantage of looking at a whole range of detected molecules and choosing the most appropriate ones for the task. Furthermore, the combination of these two approaches gives a deeper insight into the post-mortem biological processes. The biomarker candidates proposed in this study require further validation in a larger cohort of subjects.
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Matheron, Michael E., and Martin Porchas. "Comparative Efficacy of Fungicides for Management of Downy Mildew of Broccoli in 2004." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/215251.
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Downy mildew of broccoli, cauliflower and cabbage is caused by the oomycete pathogen Peronospora parasitica. Cool moist environmental conditions favor the development of downy mildew on these crops. Several fungicides were evaluated individually or combined with another material (applied as a mixture or in a rotational program) for control of this disease on broccoli in 2004. A moderate level of disease had developed by crop maturity. Tanos+maneb provided the best reduction in disease among treatments. Other treatments that performed well included Tanos alternated with Maneb, Actigard, Reason alternated with Aliette, Reason alternated with Maneb, Maneb, and Serenade+Sonata.
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Kim, Daniel Muhun. "PREVALENCE OF MAXILLARY SINUS PATHOLOGY IN PATIENTS AT TEMPLE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF DENTISTRY- A COMPARATIVE STUDY." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2018. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/504558.
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Oral BiologyM.S.
Objectives: There is increasing research regarding pathology of the maxillary sinus in dentistry. This may be attributed to the increasing routine use of cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT) for diagnosis and treatment planning of complex dental treatments, and incidental findings identified by clinicians during the process. This study aims to compare two different CBCT viewing software programs, and evaluate their detection of pathological findings in the maxillary sinus of a group of patients at Temple University School of Dentistry. Methods: A total of 316 CBCT scans taken on 176 females and 140 males (202 Caucasian, 69 African-American, 30 Asian, and 15 Hispanic) between 2009 and mid- 2013 by the Division of Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology at Temple University School of Dentistry were evaluated using i-CAT and INFINITT viewing software programs. The CBCT scans were examined with both viewing programs, and classified each time by independent evaluators as yielding one of 5 categories of maxillary sinus pathology as follows: healthy status with mucosal thickening ≤ 3 millimeters, mucosal thickening > 3 millimeters, polypoidal mucosal thickening, partial opacification, or complete opacification. Results: The i-CAT viewing program revealed 193 (61.1%) scans with a healthy maxillary sinus presenting with mucosal thickening ≤ 3 millimeters, and 123 (38.9%) scans yielding various forms of maxillary sinus pathology. In comparison, the INFINITT viewing program found 194 (61.4%) scans with healthy maxillary sinus conditions without pathology, and 122 (38.6%) scans with various types of maxillary sinus pathology. The difference in detection of maxillary sinus pathology between the i-CAT and INFINITT viewing programs was not statistically significant. Conclusions: The i-CAT and INFINITT viewing software programs for evaluation of human CBCT scans used in dental treatment planning provided nearly identical information relative to detection of maxillary sinus pathology. This suggests that both viewing programs may be employed interchangeably by clinicians in their pre- treatment evaluation of the maxillary sinus in dental patients.
Temple University--Theses
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Murnane, Owen D., Faith W. Akin, J. K. Kelly, Stephanie M. Byrd, and A. Pearson. "Comparative Properties of Cervical and Ocular Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1886.
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Harris, Charlotte. "The investigation of murder in France and England : a comparative account." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2008. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/556/.
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This thesis – based on 13 months' fieldwork observing specialized murder squads and justice personnel - examines the processes and practices of murder investigation in France and England. There is relatively little, particularly ethnographic, research in this field and my work is - to my knowledge - the first comparison of how these countries, often contrasted as instances of the archetypal inquisitorial and adversarial criminal justice systems, respond in practice to criminal homicide. The thesis includes a detailed analysis of two similar cases that occurred in the French and English research sites. The cases are followed from the discovery of the body to the end of the trial. Highlighting two emblematic events within each process - the case conference in England and the reconstitution (or reconstruction) in France - I also explore the epistemological and sociological assumptions behind investigative procedures. Although some of the activities observed in the two countries were similar, key differences were also found in the methods by which the investigations were progressed and recorded, the involvement of detectives at various stages of the investigation, the manner in which the media were used, and the way in which the offender and victim were treated - all of which affected how the investigators viewed their work and the nature of what formed the substance of the cases. A key theme discussed is the way the words used to describe similar processes and roles revealed the different ways in which the two countries viewed the criminal justice process. In my conclusion, I suggest that part of the reason for the differences relates to the way the two societies conceive of the criminal. In England the criminal is seen as someone outside of society and this attitude to criminality affects all those who deal with it – including murder investigators. In France, crime and the investigation of murder has an accepted role in 'normal' life.
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Tengan, Kelsey S. "Prospective, comparative assessment of alveolar ridge preservation using Guidor® Easy-Graft® Classic in atrumatic extraction socket." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2017. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5861.
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Objectives: Tooth extraction initiates a cascade of biological events leading to the reduction of alveolar ridge volume. Alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) is a surgical treatment which aims at minimizing hard and soft tissue changes following tooth extraction. Several techniques and materials have been studied and used clinically in ARP. The selection of the biomaterials used for this technique is determined by several factors, such as features of the extraction site, inherent biomaterial properties and handling preferences by the surgeon, among others. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of alveolar ridge preservation via the application of Easy-graft CLASSIC® (Sunstar Americas Inc.), an alloplastic bone substitute with unique handling features, following flapless posterior single tooth extraction compared to a particulate freeze-dried bone allograft (FDBA) covered with a collagen wound dressing, which has been advocated as a predictable treatment modality. The primary outcome in this study was bone volumetric reduction of the alveolar ridge assessed using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans obtained at baseline and 16 weeks after tooth extraction and ARP.
Methods: This study is part of a multicenter study in collaboration with the University of Maryland School of Dentistry. Seventeen healthy adults treatment planned for a single tooth implants in the area posterior to the canines, excluding third molars, were recruited on the basis of an eligibility criteria. Patients were randomly assigned to the control group or the experimental group. Minimally traumatic extraction of the tooth was completed and the presence of an intact buccal plate of bone was verified. The control group received FDBA and the site was stabilized with a collagen wound dressing and sutures. The experimental group received Easy-graft CLASSIC® with no attempt to approximate the marginal mucosa. Healing was assessed after 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 weeks. DICOM data was used to assess the alveolar ridge volume and linear changes from baseline to 16 weeks after ARP. Clinical measurements of the buccal gingival thickness, buccal alveolar bone thickness, keratinized gingiva, and socket dimensions were made at the time of the extraction and were subsequently analyzed for possible influences on the observed volumetric and linear outcomes.
Results: The mean alveolar ridge volume reduction from baseline to 16 weeks post operatively for the control and the experimental group was 114.96 mm3 and 94.87 mm3, respectively. These values correspond to a reduction of 9.59% for the control group and 13.04% for the experimental group. This difference did not reach statistical significance. The average loss of ridge width was 1.10mm for the FDBA and 1.24mm for the Easy-graft CLASSIC® with no statically significant differences between the two groups. The average loss of buccal bone height and lingual bone height in the FDBA group was 1.12mm and 0.63mm, respectively. Similarly, the average loss of buccal bone height and lingual bone height in the Easy-graft CLASSIC® was 1.19mm and 0.67mm, respectively. There was a weak to moderate positive correlation between buccal tissue thickness and the thickness of the buccal bone and a weak negative correlation between buccal bone thickness and alveolar ridge width reduction.
Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, both treatment groups appear to be effective in alveolar ridge preservation and are associated with similar volumetric and linear bone reduction patterns.
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Janse, van Vuren Marinet. "Speech and language therapy service delivery for children with cerebral palsy in the Republic of Ireland : comparative perceptions of parents and speech-language therapists." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/2920.
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Gagas, Jonathan. "Late Modernist Schizophrenia: From Phenomenology to Cultural Pathology." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2014. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/263194.
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EnglishPh.D.
My dissertation demonstrates how representations of schizophrenic characters in novels can combat widespread misuses of psychiatric terms and help readers empathize with mentally ill people if we read these novels with some understanding of psychiatry and the psychoanalysis that influenced them. I undertake a critical genealogy of the schizophrenia concept's migration from the mental health professions to fiction, concentrating on the period from the German invasion of Paris in June 1940 to the events of May 1968, with some attention to contemporary uses of the schizophrenia concept by cultural theorists. Experimental novelists writing during the apogee and aftermath of National Socialism from the 1940s to the 1970s represent schizophrenia as they understood it to express the painful emotions produced by World War II's challenge to the value of experimental writing. In the postwar fiction of Samuel Beckett (1906-1989) and Georges Perec (1936-1982), imitating schizophrenia results in careful disclosures of disintegrating life-worlds: in Beckett's case, the dissolution of the James Joyce circle and the communities of modernist exiles it exemplified, which the German invasion of Paris destroyed; in Perec's case, the deaths of his parents in the defense of France and the Holocaust, and the annihilated six million Jews including his mother. Reading Beckett and Perec's novels develops readers' abilities to empathize with both schizophrenic people and the loved ones of Holocaust victims. While those who avoided the concentration camps like Perec did not experience their horrors firsthand, losing relatives and other loved ones transformed their lives, just as losing two thirds of its Jewish population devastated European culture despite reticence to acknowledge the Holocaust's monstrous effects in the postwar years. Late modernist fiction can thus both help readers understand the Holocaust's cultural impact and foster the skills necessary to understand experiences of severe mental disorder. Such empathic understanding is more humane than romanticizing or stigmatizing schizophrenia or other mental illnesses, and it helps us register the Holocaust's degradation of humanity anew rather than walling off this event in the past or regarding it solely as a Jewish issue. Late modernist fiction provides a more precise, caring alternative to the romanticizing/stigmatizing binary perpetuated by postwar cultural theorists because, from the 1930s to the 1970s, the fiction gradually transitions from reinforcing that binary to enabling empathy for traumatized and mentally ill people. Such fiction anticipated recent phenomenologies of schizophrenia - real experiences of distress and impairment rather than socially constructed concepts of madness - and traumatic shame, an emotional experience of oneself or one's community as inadequate in response to failure, especially the Holocaust as a failure of European culture and modernity. Both traumatic shame and severe mental disorder can make the body conspicuous, alienate people from their cultures, and disintegrate structures of salience and belonging that make sustained relationships and projects possible. Recent existential-phenomenological theories of mental disorder enable reintegrating schizophrenia representation in fiction into the history of literary modernism, especially its concern with historical forces disrupting the minds of individuals. These theories explain changes in mentally ill people's sense of possibilities for developing themselves and relating to others, from the way they experience their bodies to the way they use language. Hence I use these theories to demonstrate how knowledge of schizophrenia enabled post-Holocaust novelists to travesty and transform earlier novelists' uses of fictional minds to interrogate cultural change.
Temple University--Theses
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Johnson, Earl E. "The Application of Speech Intelligibility, Loudness, and Frequency Bandwidth Modeling to the Comparative Study of Hearing Aid Prescriptions." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1718.
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Lombardini, Eric Desombre. "A comparative study of the pathology and pathophysiology of severe malaria in a non-human primate model." Thesis, Open University, 2017. http://oro.open.ac.uk/49495/.
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With the rise in plasmodial drug resistance throughout the world, a dwindling arsenal of anti-malarials and a predilection for use of less than ideal murine models, the need for effective, applicable and established animal models through which to understand severe malarial disease and test potential treatments is becoming increasingly crucial. Plasmodium coatneyi was discovered in the Philippines in the early 1960s in Rhesus macaque monkeys and has been evaluated sporadically as a potential platform for comparative studies of Plasmodium falciparum induced severe and cerebral malaria in humans. Using 30 years worth of archival samples at the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences in Bangkok, Thailand, compounded with data and material from a series of prospective experimental studies, the work in this thesis sought to fully characterize and describe the pathology and pathobiology of the P. coatneyi/Rhesus macaque model. This included a thorough examination of the parasite host interaction, clinical symptomology, hematology and clinical pathology, gross pathology, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, cerebrospinal fluid cytokine profiles, transmission and scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy of the disease in 45 adult rhesus macaques. The study further compared P. coatneyi with existing P. falciparum infected human material maintained at the National University of Singapore’s Vivax laboratory and Oxford University’s Ultrastructural Morphology Group, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences. The study culminated in a successful clinical drug trial which evaluated the efficacy of varying doses of methylene blue as a radical cure for malaria in this non-human primate model. In many ways, the model mirrors P. falciparum, however the benefit of this evaluation is that it highlights not only the similarities but also the divergences. The successful completion of this description of the pathology and pathobiology of the P. coatneyi/Rhesus macaque model of severe and cerebral malaria adds a complex but effective animal model to the armamentarium in the ongoing war against malaria.
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Amore, Katia. "Refugees and return : a comparative study of Kosovar Albanians in Italy and the UK." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2005. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3857/.
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This thesis, through a comparative study of Kosovar Albanian refugees in the UK and Italy, develops an understanding of refugees' attitudes towards return and identifies the factors that influence their decision-making process through the analysis of their interaction with the country of origin and the society of reception. It formulates a theoretical approach to the study of refugee repatriation based on Archer's form of sociological realism and her morphogenetic model, while also drawing on previous studies of refugee flight, settlement and return, which argue for the advantage of studying refugee specific issues as part of the whole chain of events that characterise the experience of exile. As such, it represents a contribution towards the theoretical understanding of refugees in general and refugee repatriation in particular. The case study is grounded on this theoretical approach and analyses refugees' perspectives on return within the proposed frame. It is based upon a qualitative study through fieldwork with refugees in both countries of exile and in this respect marks a distinctive contribution to the study of refugees in the UK and in Italy in general, and to the study of refugees' approach to return in particular. The thesis dismisses the predominant assumption of governments that' all refugees want to return' and concludes that refugees' attitudes towards return depend on a range of factors: their relationship with the country of origin, their interaction with the country of exile and their personal background. More significantly, it demonstrates the linkages between these factors and the time and modality of their flight, their interaction with the reception, integration and repatriation policies of the country of exile and their relationship with the conflict and society in the country of origin. In this respect, it represents a contribution to existing studies of refugee repatriation through the development of a more sophisticated account of what influences the decision-making process of refugees vis-a-vis return.
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Morel, Chantal. "Pharmaceutical prices 1999-2008 : an exploration into global variation, comparative measures, and potential determinants." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2015. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3405/.
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Despite globalization, major differences in access and affordability of pharmaceuticals remain across the countries of the world. This dissertation aims at quantifying the differences in the price of pharmaceuticals amongst countries, identifying the factors responsible for these differences, and examining the policy consequences. Paper 1 compares prices in a large set of middle-income countries to some high- and lowincome countries. It finds that prices of pharmaceuticals are inconsistently related to income, with many middle-income countries paying more than some high-income countries and some paying less than countries that are far poorer. Paper 2 confirms the belief that drug prices in United States are generally higher than in 20 other high-income countries, but shows that prices became more similar over the period 1999-2008. Using the values and the range of three price indices (Laspeyres, Paasche, and Fisher) calculated with multilaterally- and bilaterally-matched samples provides a nuanced understanding of these price differences and their evolution. Paper 3 combines price data from middle- and high-income countries to ascertain the social, economic and demographic factors that determine differences in pharmaceutical prices. It finds that prices in middle- and high-income countries are affected differently by competition and globalization and that the greater effect of demographic factors on prices in middle-income countries can give them an inherent disadvantage in early price negotiation. Paper 4 also examines possible determinants of price but in this case focusses on health system characteristics in OECD countries only. The study finds that whilst the overall health system type does not bear any significant relationship with price, governance structures do have a moderately strong relationship with the price and availability of pharmaceuticals. Based on these results, the Conclusion discusses the issue of horizontal and vertical equity in pricing across countries and highlights important policy themes emerging from this work overall.
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Moore, Sharon Ann. "A comparative study of the Northwestern Syntax Screening Test data." PDXScholar, 1985. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3535.
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The purpose of this study was to compare NSST data (Lee, 1969, 1971) with data obtained in Portland, Oregon for children 4.0-4.11 years of age. The questions this study sought to answer were: 1) Is there a significant difference between the expressive and receptive scores obtained by Lee, (1969, 1971) and the scores obtained in Portland, Oregon? 2) What are the means, standard deviations and percentiles of the NSST scores of a select group of four-year-old children in Portland, Oregon?
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Johnson, Earl E. "The Application of Speech Intelligibility and Loudness Modeling to the Development of Hearing Aid Prescriptions and the Comparative Study of Prescriptions." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1732.
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Kohart, Nicole Ann Kohart. "Models, Mechanisms, and Treatment of Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma Bone Metastasis." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1503248777003095.
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Tomic, Slobodan. "Explaining enforcement patterns of anticorruption agencies : comparative analysis of five Serbian, Croatian and Macedonian anticorruption agencies." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2016. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3370/.
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Anticorruption agencies (ACAs) have drawn scholarly attention in recent times. While authors focused predominately on studying ACAs’ performance and their contribution to the reduction of corruption, ACAs’ enforcement – as a process that precedes policy outcome - has remained understudied so far. This thesis seeks to contribute to filling this gap, by exploring the enforcement choices of five ACAs from three Western Balkans’ countries – Serbia, Macedonia, and Croatia, in the period 2001-2012. The thesis utilises three theoretical accounts in order to explore the determinants of the enforcement of the five ACAs’ enforcement. These are organisational, temporal, and leadership based accounts. Organisational accounts include de-jure independence and agency resources as key factors, temporal accounts include life-cycle and political-cycle as determinants of agency behaviour and, finally, leadership-based accounts highlight the role of leaders, i.e. human agency, in shaping agency enforcement. While failing to lend support for the organisational and temporal accounts, the empirical analysis offers evidence in support of the leadership based account. Overriding the organisational and temporal boundaries and constraints, the ‘personal’ (human) factor turns out to have been the key driver of the analysed ACAs’ enforcement. The thesis also sets out to investigate whether the ACA model has implications for ACAs’ enforcement. The first – the preventive ACA model - is argued to be able to exhibit the harshest forms of enforcement even if the organisational factors are weak. The other - the suppressive ACA model - is hypothesised to be able to exert the harshest forms of enforcement only under strong organisational factors. The empirical analysis yields support to this hypothesis. It is shown in the thesis that the two ACA models provide for different reputational opportunities and risks, factors that crucially shape the enforcement choices.
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Zuehlsdorff, Kathleen Marie. "A comparative study of the TEEM and the morphological aspects of the BLST and TOLD-P." PDXScholar, 1985. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3525.
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The purpose of this investigation was to examine the construct validity of a new test, which purports to measure morphology, entitled Test for Examining Expressive Morphology (TEEM) (Shipley, Stone and Sue, 1983). Additional tests of expressive morphology, the Bankson Language Screening Test (BLST) (Bankson, 1977) and the Test of Language Development-Primary (TOLD-P) (Newcomer and Hammill, 1982) were utilized to determine the association of the TEEM with two highly-researched instruments.
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Jooste, Nikki. "Learning through a second language : a comparative study of the performance in reading comprehension and the cognitive-linguistic processes involved in reading comprehension between first-language English learners and second-language English, first-l." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/2921.
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Delsol, Rebekah. "Institutional racism, the police and stop and search : a comparative study of stop and search in the UK and USA." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2006. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/1170/.
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This research examines the utility of the concept of institutional racism in explaining racial disparities in stop and search practice in the UK and US. The concept of institutional racism was introduced in 1960s America. The concept was politically powerful in expanding existing understandings of racial inequalities which focused on individual prejudice and cultural pathology, to showing how racist discourses can become embedded in the structures of social formation. There were a number of analytical weaknesses inherent in the term at its conception. The concept has been utilized at various points of history in the US and UK. The 1999 Macpherson Report brought the concept of institutional racism back to popular usage in the UK, particularly in discussions around discrimination and policing. Macpherson took as evidence of the existence of institutional racism the continued disparities in stop and search use. The power to stop and search people in the street suspected of criminal activity has long been a feature of British and American policing. Research in both countries has continually shown that these powers are being disproportionately exercised against ethnic minorities. Thus this thesis explores whether the concept is useful in explaining disproportionate stop and search outcomes. The research is based on a study of police officers from two forces in the UK and two police departments in the US. It uses semi-structured interviews, observations and draws on official policy documents and statistics. The purpose of the research is to gain an understanding of the circumstances and decision-making by officers as they conduct stop and search and to understand the context in which these decisions take place. The findings reveal that discriminatory outcomes in stop and search are the product of not only the actions of individual officers but also national and local policies and practices. These policies and practices are devised and implemented by social actors. The disproportionate outcomes not only result from racism but also prejudice based on class and gender. The concept of institutional racism reifies individual institutions and obscures the role of social actors in institutions, who shape the policies and practices of an institution. Without an understanding of the contexts in which people draw on race ideas and what features of their social position allows them to assert these ideas into the policies and practices of an institution we are unable to apportion responsibility and build reform agendas. Thus institutional racism fails to explain the disparities in stop and search use in the UK and US.
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Menozzi, Clare. "Performance based contracting as a policy tool for promoting timely exits from out-of-home care : a comparative analysis." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2016. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3473/.
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Ever since the late 1950s, one of the main objectives of child protection policies in the United States has been to reduce the amount of time children spend in out-of-home care. For nearly four decades, policymakers have sought to achieve this goal primarily by providing various types of services to help children reunify with their parents more quickly. However, in recent years a new approach has emerged which emphasises the use of quantitative targets to expedite exits from care, even when this entails terminating parental rights or pursuing alternatives to family reunification such as child adoption. Since then, states have adopted very different policy approaches to promote timely exits from out-of-home care. Yet relatively few comparative studies have been undertaken to examine which approaches have yielded better outcomes. Further, the evidence base on whether some approaches may be associated with negative distortionary effects, particularly with regard to permanency outcomes, remains limited. In this research, I focus on performance-based contracting (PBC); a type of policy approach which links compensation of child welfare agencies to the achievement of specific quantitative targets. My analysis focuses on four states: two that have employed PBC to reduce the amount of time children spend in care—Illinois and North Carolina—and two that have not—New Jersey and Washington state, using multi-year, multi-state entry cohorts based on the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS). I find that PBC states recorded greater improvements in the timeliness of permanency outcomes compared to states that do not employ PBC during the period considered. I also find that compositional effects related to the race of children entering care and the type of placement setting chosen, in combination with other influences including secular trends, may play a part in shaping this outcome for particular groups. I am, however, unable to conclude whether these outcomes are the result of PBC alone or a combination of other factors, which I am not able to capture or control for with the data utilised. Further, my analysis cannot conclusively determine whether some of these outcomes might be accompanied by various distortionary effects, including “cherry picking” or other types of gaming. My research, however, does cast doubt on some of the “mechanisms” through which changes in the timeliness in permanency outcomes are achieved as well as raises the need for a more nuanced and complex theoretical framework to explain how PBC might shape the timeliness of permanency outcomes.
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Ronconi, Júlio César. ""Estudo comparativo de diferentes métodos eletrocardiográficos de diagnóstico de hipertrofia ventricular esquerda e sua associação com característica anatômicas e histológicas do coração"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5131/tde-15082005-112957/.
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A hipertrofia ventricular esquerda (HVE) é importante fator de risco cardiovascular. O objetivo deste estudo retrospectivo foi verificar a associação de critérios eletrocardiográficos de HVE com as características anatômicas e histológicas do coração, em 51 pacientes submetidos à necropsia. Procedeu-se à medição do diâmetro transverso dos cardiomiócitos e da porcentagem de fibrose do ventrículo esquerdo e direito. Entre os pacientes que apresentavam HVE anatômica, o critério de Romhilt foi positivo em 92,3%, sendo superior aos demais critérios avaliados, com especificidade de 89,5% e sensibilidade de 68,8%, Foi o único que se associou a características anatômicas e histológicas do coraçãoThe left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is an important cardiovascular risk factor. The purpose of the present retrospective paper is to examine the association of LVH electrocardiographic criteria with both anatomical and histological characteristics of the heart on 51 patients submitted to the necropsy. The study carried out the measurement of the transverse diameter of cardiomyocytes, as well as the percentage of fibrosis at both left and right ventriculi. Among those patients who presented anatomic LVH, the Romhilt criterium resulted positive in 92.3% of the cases, thus surpassing the other criteria evaluated, with specificity and sensibility up to 89.5% and 68.8% respectively. This was the only criterium associated to both anatomic and histological characteristics of the heart
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Hotton, Dominique. "Analyse phénotypique comparative des cellules dentaires et osseuses." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00824884.
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Le squelette oral est particulier dans l'organisme par la diversité des tissus minéralisés dentaires et osseux qui le compose. La première partie de ce travail porte sur les patrons d'expression d'effecteurs de la biominéralisation (calbindine-D28k, phosphatase alcaline et amélogénine) au cours de l'amélogénèse sur notre modèle de l'incisive à croissance continue de rongeur et avec une série de techniques adaptées à l'étude des tissus minéralisés. Les résultats montrent que les patrons d'expression de ces effecteurs sont contrôlés de façon singulière dans les cellules dentaires à des phases critiques pour la formation du tissu. Ces données sont accompagnées par des résultats sur les protéines de la matrice extracellulaires spécifiques de chacun des tissus, émail, dentine et os. La deuxième partie de ce mémoire est basée sur la découverte de niveaux d'expression importants des protéines amélaires dans l'os, par RT qPCR, alors que des études classiques considéraient que l'amélogénine, l'améloblastine et l'énaméline sont spécifiques des tissus dentaires. Nous avons revisité l'expression des protéines de l'émail comparativement dans les tissus minéralisés des maxillaires et du squelette axial. Nos résultats montrent que le tissu osseux des mâchoires se singularise par une expression des protéines de l'émail.
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McNutt, Eileen. "A comparative study of the developmental sentence scoring normative data obtained in Portland, Oregon, and the Midwest, for children between the ages of 5.0 and 5.11 years." PDXScholar, 1985. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3547.
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The focus of this study was the Developmental Sentence Scoring (DSS), developed by Lee and Canter (1971) and Lee (1974). The DSS is used to analyze a corpus of 50 utterances according to eight grammatical categories. Once a DSS score is determined for an individual child, that child's performance can be compared to that of his/ her peers, using the normative data provided by Lee (1974), and reported by Koenigsknecht (1974). This normative data has been widely used both clinically, and in research projects with little regard for the validity of the norms when applied outside the Midwest, where it was originally normed.
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Tilden-Browning, Stacy Ann. "A comparative study of the developmental sentence scoring normative data obtained in Canby, Oregon, and the Midwest, for children between the ages of 6.0 and 6.11 years." PDXScholar, 1985. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3518.
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The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of geographical differences on the DSS normative data for children ages 2 6.0 to 6.11, by comparing the original DSS normative data (Koenigsknecht, 1974) with that obtained in Canby, Oregon. A collateral purpose was to develop norms for the geographical area of Canby, Oregon, using the DSS procedure. Forty children, ten within each of the four, three-month age subgroups between 6.0 and 6.11, were chosen. All of the children came from monolingual, middle-class families and had normal hearing, normal receptive vocabulary skills, and no known unusual social, developmental, or behavioral histories. A language sample, from which a corpus of 50 utterances was selected for analysis, was elicited from each child. Each corpus was analyzed according to the DSS procedures recommended by Lee (1974).
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Jung, Min Ah. "The effectiveness of housing allowance in welfare states : a comparative study in the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Sweden and South Korea." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2013. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4679/.
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The financial burden arising from expenditure on housing is associated with the income and housing problems of low-income households. This research examines the effectiveness of housing allowance in solving these problems and thus achieving social and housing policy objectives, i.e. improving income maintenance, enhancing housing affordability and providing work incentives. It also explains how the various institutional features of housing allowance systems make changes in achieving different policy objectives. Taking into account the fact that housing allowance programmes operate alongside other institutions of the welfare state that vary among countries, this research compares the effectiveness of housing allowances in the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Sweden and South Korea using five indicators−Residual income after rent payment, Poverty rate, Rent to Income Ratio, Income Replacement Ratio and Effective Marginal Tax Rate. The findings show that housing allowance is an effective policy instrument across countries in the following ways. First, it contributes to the improvement in residual income after housing costs and the decrease in poverty rates among low-income tenants. Second, the housing allowance reduces the financial burden arising from expenditure on rent. Third, in contrast to the positive effects of housing allowances in improving income and housing problems, their provision as part of in-work benefit relates to the increase in work disincentives indicating the higher possibility of working-poor tenants being trapped in unemployment and poverty. Fourth, despite variations in the features of the welfare and housing regime, the design of the benefit arrangement explains many of the differences in the effectiveness of housing allowance in the four countries. Fifth, subsidising a great share of housing costs is an important factor related to the improvement in income maintenance and housing affordability. Sixth, basing the provision of housing allowance on actual rent is also essential in solving the income and housing problems of low-income tenants. Findings relating to the institutional feature of housing allowance are the basis for the recommendation that the Korean housing allowance system should be reformed to reflect a household’s actual need.
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Owinga, Bonfas. "The principal constraints confronting advocacy groups in the process of democratic consolidation in post-transitional Africa : a comparative study of Kenya and Zambia." Thesis, City, University of London, 2018. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/21815/.
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The primary purpose of this study was to conduct a comparative investigation and systematic examination of the constraints confronting advocacy groups in the post-transitional states of Kenya and Zambia. The researcher also examined the effects of such constraints on the ability of advocacy groups to effectively contribute to the process of democratic consolidation. The constrained advocacy sub-sector of civil society in a supposedly democratic political setting is an intriguing paradox that is less studied and understood despite advocacy groups' critical role in the process of democratic consolidation. The study employed a domestic politico-institutional approach with a comparative and case-oriented, qualitative research design, primarily based on in-depth semi-structured interviews method of data collection. The study demonstrated that advocacy groups in the post-transitional states of Kenya and Zambia are finding it extremely difficult to adapt to the new political environment. The groups are confronting constraints from the uncertainty of the new political environment defined by advocacy groups' internal contradictions and weaknesses, the legacy of authoritarianism, the influence of politics, primordialism, and international donor control; all have combined in varying degrees to undermine the role of advocacy groups in the process of democratic consolidation. Deliberate state strategies have also led to the 'closing civic space' for advocacy groups coupled with popular disengagement due to the disillusionment of citizens with advocacy groups' performance in the process of democratic consolidation. Advocacy groups are therefore a microcosm of society rigid and not as adaptable as previously portrayed in the literature of civil society studies. The contribution of advocacy groups to the process of democratic consolidation is, therefore, ambiguous. The study also concludes that domestic actors and institutions are the primary determinants of the pace and direction of democratic consolidation, while the state remains the most significant actor in the process.
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García, Chávez Tania Guadalupe. "Perspectives on community policing : a social constructivist and comparative analysis." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3459/.
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Community policing is one of the more significant recent developments in policing and the notion has been widely discussed and applied around the world. This thesis examines its various conceptions as discussed in the literature and in practice, with particular emphasis being given to the role of trust between police and citizens in this context. The investigation adopts a constructivist and qualitative comparative analysis based in two countries: Mexico and the UK (with two case studies in each country) and with data primarily collected through interviews with samples of police and citizens. Key findings are that: The variety of conceptions about community policing highlight the complex nature of the notion and the many factors shaping its varied practices. Police assumptions as to what constitutes good practice in community policing and what success might look like, deserve to be re-examined. The social constructions that police and citizens hold about community policing provide valuable sources of insight which challenge some of the conventional understandings regarding policing priorities. Trust is a vital ingredient for successful community policing and needs to be based as much on the police trusting citizens and communities as the other way round.
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Ruivo, Pedro Reis. "Aging pathology in sprague dawley rats : background lesions and comparative study between wild type and transgenic rats with neuronal overexpression of human adenosine A2A receptors." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/16691.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaAging is a complex phenomenon defined as a time-dependent functional decline, progressive loss of physiological integrity and progressive increase in disease susceptibly. Adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) are G protein-couple receptors that, upon binding of adenosine, lead to different transducing signals. Although having a protective effect, A2AR also play an important role in neurodegenerative disorders and are upregulated in the brain of Alzheimer and Parkinson patients. Previous studies from our collaborators showed that transgenic rats with neuronal overexpression of human A2AR (Tg (CaMKIIhA2AR)) have depressive-like behavior, impaired hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and, as a result of this, increased levels of circulating corticosteroids. The aim of this work was to evaluate, by histopathology, the impact of the neuronal overexpression of human A2AR in the onset of specific or age-associated lesions in transgenic Sprague Dawley rats. Comprehensive necropsy and histopathology were performed in 37 Wild-type (Wt) and 39 transgenic (Tg) rats, at specific time-points, ranging from 12 to 126 weeks of age. Univariate and multivariate statistical analysis were performed to investigate the association between the phenotype and genotype. Briefly we found that Tg rats are 2.7 times more likely to develop systemic pathology than Wt rats [Odds ratio (OR) 2.745, IC 95% 1.0.07-6.997; (p<0.05)]. In the heart cardiomyopathy was the most frequent lesion both in Wt and Tg rats, and its incidence did not differ between groups [OR 0.82; IC 95% 0.315-2.139, (p>0.05)]. In blood vessels, mineralization was the most frequent lesion and Tg rats were 5.5 times more likely to develop this lesion than Wt [OR 5.486, IC 95% 1.776- 17.074; (p<0.05)]. In lung, alveolar histiocytosis and alveolar septa mineralization were the most frequent lesions and Tg rats were 7.7 times more likely to develop lung pathology than Wt [OR 7.7, IC 95% 1.604-37.19; (p<0.05)]. In kidney, chronic progressive nephropathy was the most frequent lesion both in Wt and Tg rats, and its incidence did not differ between groups [OR 2.5, IC 95% 0.919-6.923; (p>0.05)]. Regarding adrenal gland pathology, vacuolation of the cortical cells was the most frequent lesion and Tg rats were 4.3 times more likely to develop this pathology than Wt [OR 4.3, IC 95% 1.156-16.248; (p<0.05)]. Mammary fibroadenoma was the most common tumor in our sample, being observed in one Wt and five Tg rats. Even in cases where no difference was seen when comparing Tg and Wt rats, all lesions found in our study were age-associated lesions, typical for this species, and their incidence correlated with age. Our results show a clear correlation between increased A2AR signaling in the brain and accelerated aging, in our sample, and although herein we did not explore the precise mechanism(s) through which this occurs, it could be linked to the fact that Tg rats have HPA-axis dysfunction and increased circulating levels of corticosterone, which translated into chronic stress. To our knowledge, this is the first study to characterize the systemic repercussion of neuronal overexpression of adenosine A2A receptors, which is seen in several degenerative disorders during the aging process.
RESUMO - O envelhecimento é um fenómeno complexo definido como um declínio funcional dependente do tempo, com perda progressiva da integridade fisiológica e aumento gradual da suscetibilidade a doenças. Os recetores de adenosina A2A (A2AR) são recetores acoplados à proteína G cuja ligação à adenosina leva a diferentes sinais de transdução. Apesar do seu efeito protetor, os recetores de adenosina A2A têm também um papel crítico em doenças neurodegenerativas e estão sobre expressos no cérebro de doentes de Alzheimer e Parkinson. Estudos recentes demostraram que ratos transgénicos com sobre expressão neuronal de A2AR (Tg (CaMKIIhA2AR)) apresentam comportamento depressivo e disfunção do eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-adrenal, resultando em níveis elevados de corticosteroides circulante. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar, por histopatologia, o impacto da sobre expressão neuronal de A2AR no fenótipo de envelhecimento de vários órgãos e sistemas, em ratos Sprague Dawley. Foi efetuada a necrópsia compreensiva e histopatologia em 37 ratos “Wild type” (Wt) e 39 transgénicos (Tg) com idade variável entre as 12 e as 126 semanas. Foi efetuada análise estatística univariável e multivariável para investigar a associação entre o fenótipo e o genótipo. Resumidamente, descobrimos que os ratos Tg foram 2.7 vezes mais suscetíveis a desenvolver patologia sistémica, comparativamente aos Wt [Odds ratio (OR) 2.745, IC 95% 1.0.07-6.997; (p<0.05)]. No coração, a lesão mais frequentemente diagnosticada foi cardiomiopatia e a sua incidência não variou entre Wt e Tg [OR 0.82; IC 95% 0.315-2.139, (p>0.05)]. Nos vasos sanguíneos, a lesão mais frequente foi a mineralização da parede, sendo que os ratos Tg foram 5.5 vezes mais suscetíveis a desenvolver esta lesão que os Wt [OR 5.486, IC 95% 1.776- 17.074; (p<0.05)]. Relativamente ao pulmão, as lesões mais frequentes foram a histiocitose alveolar e a mineralização dos septos alveolares. Os ratos Tg foram 7.7 vezes mais suscetíveis a desenvolver estas lesões que os Wt [OR 7.7, IC 95% 1.604-37.19; (p<0.05)]. Relativamente ao rim, a lesão mais frequente foi a nefropatia crónica progressiva e a sua incidência não variou entre os ratos Wt e Tg [OR 2.5, IC 95% 0.919-6.923; (p>0.05)]. Relativamente às adrenais, a lesão mais frequente foi a vacuolização das células da cortical e os ratos Tg foram 4.3 vezes mais suscetíveis para o desenvolvimento desta lesão que os Wt [OR 4.3, IC 95% 1.156-16.248; (p<0.05)]. Fibroadenoma mamário foi o tumor mais frequente, tendo sido observado em um rato Wt e cinco ratos Tg. Mesmo em casos onde não foi observada diferença entre ratos Wt e Tg, todas as lesões encontradas neste estudo são lesões muitas vezes associadas ao envelhecimento, típicas desta espécie e a sua incidência correlacionou-se com a idade. Os nossos resultados mostram uma relação clara entre a sobre expressão neuronal de A2AR e envelhecimento acelerado na nossa amostra, e apesar de não termos explorado os mecanismos específicos para tal acontecimento, poderá estar ligado ao facto dos ratos Tg terem disfunção do eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-adrenal e níveis elevados de corticosterona, o que se traduz em stress crónico. A conhecimento dos autores, este é o primeiro estudo a caracterizar as repercussões sistémicas da sobre expressão neuronal de A2AR, que é observada em várias doenças degenerativas durante o envelhecimento.
N/A
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Friedl, Christina Renee. "Comparative Analysis of SRY Promoter Sequences on the Human and Rat Y Chromosome." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1376484138.
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Hicks, Allan. "A comparative study of the medical scientist profession in Australia and around the world to provide evidence for a review of the current self-regulatory framework." Thesis, Griffith University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/408503.
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In 2010 the Australian Government established the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA) to oversee the registration requirements of fifteen healthcare professions. The official reason reported for the exclusion of Medical Scientists and technicians was that these laboratory personnel do not impact patient outcomes significantly and are sufficiently regulated by laboratory accreditation and the oversight of a Registered Pathologist. The Australian Institute of Medical and Clinical Scientists and the other pathology societies have communicated with the government on several occasions asking for a review of this decision.
In early 2020 a global pandemic provided a unique opportunity for the leaders of the Pathology industry in Australia to promote the work of Medical Scientists as pathology testing is the only definitive method to ascertain a patient’s COVID status. However, in Australia there has been very little mention of Medical Scientists in a public forum. This document aims to address the main reasons that the Australian Government continues to be disinterested in the recognition and importance of Medical Scientists in the healthcare system of the country.
To better understand the advantages and disadvantages and provide possible recommendations for addressing these, the initial chapters describe the regulation of pathology laboratory workers in various countries. A close look at the common misconception that pathology testing influences approximately 70% of all clinical outcomes follows, finding in fact, this statement has no scientific basis. Therefore, following collaboration with colleagues a review of clinical guidelines for the most common cause of death around the world, Cardiovascular disease (CVD), was conducted.
The analysis found that the accepted guidance recommends pathology testing in closer to 80% of all cases of CVD and 94% of suspected cases in Australia. When coupled with nearly 100% of all cancer diagnoses and transfusions this shows definitively for the first time that laboratory testing has a considerable impact on patients’ outcome. The other argument that is used by the Pathology industry leaders in Australia is that a registered Pathologist is sufficient to address any issue that might occur within a laboratory.
Internationally, developed nations have recognised that this is not the case and seek to regulate the scientist workforce to ensure that the public are properly protected by appropriately addressing incidents and implementing robust change. Unfortunately, analytical errors occurring in Australian laboratories that have been poorly investigated and therefore provide little apparent impetus for improvement. To support recommendations in the present study two surveys were conducted, initially of a group of international laboratory workers from a large group of countries working in a hospital in Qatar and a small number of Australian respondents.
Responses to the first survey were analysed and the themes of professional impact and personal implications of regulation were used to design a more focused survey for a larger group of Australian Medical Scientists. The results showed that the profession was under-recognised in Australia because of the lack of professional registration, however, further regulation to improve this did not have universal support. The most dramatic responses were to the question in the second survey about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the workforce in Australia.
These highlighted a workforce under extreme pressure suffering burnout and exhaustion, with misguided recognition of their contribution to the nation’s pandemic response being happily accepted by the other healthcare professions.
In Australia, AHPRA as the governmental regulatory body for those nationally recognised healthcare professions and works with the leaders of these professions to maintain an official register of practitioners. The duty of monitoring individual Continuing Professional Development (CPD) and disciplinary measures are given over to the respective governing body which are mandatory to hold a practicing licence.
At the highest level the National Pathology Accreditation Advisory Council (NPAAC) provide policy expertise to the Department of Health for the management of the Pathology service in Australia. As such this body provides occupational definitions, qualification requirements and employment controls which are largely currently not applied to Medical Scientists or are industrially irrelevant. This lack of recognition is likely to have a negative effect on the recognition of the importance of Medical Scientists in diagnostic laboratories and provision of pathology reports, at a time when their role and responsibilities are increasingly highlighted.
It is the purpose of this thesis to highlight current deficiencies in the regulation management of this group of workers in this dynamic industry and suggest appropriate recommendations that will hopefully raise awareness of the profession in Australia.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Pharmacy & Med Sci
Griffith Health
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KLINGBEIL, MARIA F. G. "Comparação de dois métodos de obtenção celular para cultura primária de queratinócitos bucais humanos." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2006. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11481.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
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Ardalan, Cyrous. "A Comparative Study of Intraradicular Enterococcus Faecalis Biofilm Removal with Three Root Canal Treatment Systems: A Scanning Electron Microscopy Evaluation." VCU Scholars Compass, 2017. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4741.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the biofilm removal efficacy of three root canal treatment systems: ProUltra® PiezoFlow™, traditional needle irrigation, and the GentleWave® system in an ex-vivo benchtop study. Twenty-four extracted maxillary and mandibular molars were selected. Teeth were all instrumented to a master apical file size #25 with 4% taper. Teeth were then randomly divided into four experimental groups and two control groups. The root canals were inoculated with a culture of Enterococcus faecalis and incubated for five weeks to form a biofilm. Each group was then treated with one of the different root canal treatment systems using 6% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) as per the respective manufacturer’s recommendation followed by a rinse with water. Following treatment, teeth were decoronated and roots were sectioned longitudinally. Three scanning electron microscope images were taken at the apical level per root half at 5000x magnification. Images were scored by four calibrated examiners blind to group membership using a four-point scoring system (<5% coverage, 5-33%, 34-66%, and >66%). Results were analyzed using mixed model ANOVA. All the experimental groups were significantly better than the positive control group in removing biofilm. Among the experimental groups, the GentleWave® 15/04 group was significantly better than the other groups. There was no significant difference between the GentleWave® and the ProUltra® PiezoFlow™. Traditional needle irrigation scored the worst in reducing E. faecalis biofilm. The GentleWave™ system was as effective at intracanal biofilm removal as the ProUltra® PiezoFlow™ and better than traditional needle irrigation using 6% NaOCl as an irrigant.
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Pena, Gustavo. "Comparative Performance of Fluorometry and High Performance Liquid Chromatography in the Detection of Alfatoxin M1 in Two Commercial Cheeses." DigitalCommons@USU, 2010. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/735.
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Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is frequently found in milk and dairy products. It is a metabolite formed in cows from aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), contained in animal feeds. In cheese production AFM1 distributes between curds and whey. In this study, cows were fed 64 µg/AFB1/d for the high treatment, and 5 µg/AFB1/d for the low treatment, to obtain milk contaminated with AFM1 over the 0.5 µg/L and under 0.05 µg/L restrictions, respectively. Cheese was manufactured with milk contaminated with AFM1 at 0.8 and 0.03 ìg/kg by the higher and lower treatment, respectively. Two commercial cheeses were elaborated: a hard-aged cheese (cheddar cheese) and soft high moisture cheese (fresco cheese) to evaluate whether the cheese type had any impact on AFM1 analysis. AFM1 was extracted from cheese using immunoaffinity columns. Analyses were carried out by using high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) as the reference method and fluorometry as a method of validation. Analysis was by 2-way fixed factor analyses. AFM1 was detected in all samples by both methods of analysis. There were no detectable statistical differences between cheese types (P>0.05). AFM1 content was significantly different between the high and low concentration of AFB1 used to make the cheese type (P<0.01). Our regression model shows a linear relationship between fluorometry and HPLC methods; R2 = 0.9141 from cheddar cheese and R2 = 0.9141 from fresco cheese. There were no statistical differences between methods of analysis (P>0.05). Carryover of AFM1 in cheese detected by fluorometry in cheddar cheese was 163% and 80% for high and low treatments, respectively, and in fresco cheese was 119 and 133 for high and low treatments, respectively. These carryovers are below that reported in the literature. Results suggest that fluorometry is a simple and reliable AFM1 detection method for screening samples of complex matrices such as cheese.
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Michelland, Sylvie. "Déséquilibres génétiques dans les cancers bronchiques : une analyse par hybridation génomique comparative." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10181.
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Le cancer du poumon est un probleme de sante publique majeur et il represente la premiere cause de mort par cancer chez l'homme dans le monde. Nous nous sommes interesses a l'analyse des desequilibres genetiques dans les tumeurs bronchiques dans le but d'etablir une cartographie precise des zones du genome associees a cette pathologie. Nous avons utilise la technique d'hybridation genomique comparative in situ (cgh) qui met en evidence de maniere rapide et globale l'ensemble des desequilibres genetiques presents dans une tumeur. Nous avons mis au point un protocole permettant d'obtenir des preparations de chromosomes metaphasiques adaptees a l'hybridation de type cgh et determine les conditions optimales requises pour une analyse cgh fiable et reproductible. Nous avons realise une etude cgh sur 11 tumeurs neuroendocrines de haut garde de malignite et 11 tumeurs non neuroendocrines. Nous avons montre que ces deux phenotypes partagent des anomalies communes et que certaines anomalies sont retrouvees specifiquement dans un phenotype. Ces resultats renforcent la notion qu'il existerait deux voies differentes de tumorgenese conduisant a la formation de ces deux classes de cancers bronchiques. Nous avons analyse un ensemble de 74 tumeurs bronchiques incluant tous les types histologiques. Notre but etant d'une part, d'identifier les regions chromosomiques specifiques pour chaque type histologique et d'autre part, d'etablir des correlations entre les anomalies chromosomiques mises en evidence par cgh, le type de cancer (ne, non ne), le type histologique et le degre de malignite de la tumeur. Les resultats ont montre des anomalies chromosomiques communes et differentes dans les differents types histologiques et nous avons etabli un patron d'anomalies chromosomiques pour chaque type histologique. Le nombre, le type et la distribution des anomalies permet de distinguer les carcinomes de haut grade et de bas grade de malignite. De plus, certaines anomalies semblent etre plus particulierement impliquees dans le caractere agressif des tumeurs. Ces resultats permettront ainsi d'orienter les recherches moleculaires visant a caracteriser les genes impliques dans le processus de cancerogenese.
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Edwards, Cathleen Pew. "A comparative analysis of the expressive acquisition of locative and directional prepositions between severely-to-profoundly hearing impaired children utilizing total communication and the oral/aural approach." PDXScholar, 1989. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3963.
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Prepositions are not only important in functional syntax; they also relate meanings associated with the concepts of place and time (Washington & Naremore, 1978). Furthermore, prepositions are critical in such everyday activities as producing and comprehending directions, using maps and diagrams, and in the fields of mathematics and music (Cox & Richardson, 1985). Inefficient use or misuse of prepositional spatial terms may hinder a child's progress in many areas. Expressive acquisition of function words, which include prepositions, has been described as significantly delayed in the hearing impaired populations (Cooper & Rosenstein, 1966).
The purpose of this study was to conduct a comparative preposition analysis between hearing impaired children using two different modes of communication. The question this researcher sought to answer was: Do 54 severely-to-profoundly hearing impaired children in this study using total communication differ in the expressive acquisition of 17 locative and directional prepositions from 35 hearing impaired children in a previous study (Warlick, 1983) using oral/aural communication?
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Fenton, Sarah-Jane Hannah. "Mental health service delivery for adolescents and young people : a comparative study between Australia and the UK." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7111/.
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This thesis explores policy and service delivery for adolescent and young adult or ‘transition age’ mental health service users aged 16-25 across different jurisdictions in the UK and Australia. The study explores the implications that policy formulation and implementation have for service delivery in these different contextual settings; and examines how young people (who are at a vulnerable stage developmentally in terms of mental health), have their access to services affected by the existing policy framework. A policy analysis was conducted along with qualitative interviews in six case sites (three in the UK and three in Australia). The thesis adopted a critical realist approach using a laminated cross-sectional interview strategy that was developed to include interviews with national policy makers; local policy makers and service managers; staff working within services; and the young people whom were accessing services as the recipients of policy. Findings from this thesis explore how young people use risk escalation as a way of managing delays to treatment and how practitioners identify particular difficulties for young people transitioning in services when they are due to ‘step up’ into more acute services, or ‘step down’ to a less intensive service. The thesis explores the implications and unintended consequences for young people of policy including processes of ‘cost-shunting’ and ‘resource envy’ at local and national levels. Finally, the thesis offers some learning for systems working to support 16-25 year olds through demonstrating the importance of the dual role of ‘curing’ and ‘caring’ in mental health services.
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Jia-mahasap, Wissanee. "Comparative assessment of conventional vs. CAD/CAM complete denture fabrication techniques on patient satisfaction, quality of life and prosthesis biofilm." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2017. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5526.
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Objectives: The primary objective was to assess the impact of two denture fabrication techniques, conventional and CAD/CAM, on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and patient satisfaction in complete denture wearers. The secondary objective was to compare the level of microorganisms present on complete dentures from the two fabrication techniques.
Methods: Twenty-eight completely edentulous subjects (16 men and 21 women, age range from 49 to 87 years old.), who had been edentulous for at least 6 months, were wearing ill-fitting complete dentures, or unsatisfied with their existing complete dentures were recruited. Subjects were randomized to conventional and computer-aided design/ computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) treatment groups. Subjects in both groups were given the OHIP-EDENT (Oral Health Impact Profile for Edentulous Patients) and patient satisfaction questionnaires to record the data at baseline and at 1 month post-delivery of the new prostheses. Plaque samples were collected from intaglio surfaces of maxillary complete dentures at 1 month post-delivery to culture for any colonization of bacteria and/or yeasts.
Results: There was a significant reduction in OHIP-EDENT scores within both treatment groups at the 1 month follow-up (p < 0.05). There was also a significant reduction in almost all OHIP-EDENT domains scores at 1 month. Gender was significantly associated with OHIP-EDENT score at baseline (p = 0.0419) and at 1 month (p = 0.0152). Female subjects tend to have higher OHIP-EDENT scores than male subjects. There was no significant difference in patient satisfaction between treatment groups both at baseline and at the 1 month visit for almost all aspects of satisfaction (p> 0.05). Appearance of maxillary denture was the only significant difference in patient satisfaction across treatment groups (p = 0.0213). The comparisons of microbial counts showed no significant difference between treatment groups.
Conclusions: There were no significant difference on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and patient satisfaction between two treatment groups at baseline and 1 month. There was no significant difference in microbial counts between two treatment groups.
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Doup, Mallory N. "THE ROLES OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGISTS AND PSYCHOLOGISTS IN THE TREATMENT OF SELECTIVE MUTISM: A COMPARATIVE STUDY." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1270840715.
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Gibelli, Nelson Elias Mendes. ""Fibrose portal e periportal na obstrução extra-hepática experimental em ratos jovens e adultos: contribuição para o estudo da atresia das vias biliares"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5132/tde-11112005-112052/.
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A atresia das vias biliares é afecção hepática da infância. A etiologia é desconhecida, e o diagnóstico baseia-se na biópsia hepática, cujo achado é a proliferação ductular. A ligadura do ducto biliar comum em ratos é modelo utilizado para estudo das doenças colestáticas. A proposta do trabalho foi estudar, em modelo experimental de obstrução biliar, as alterações histológicas hepáticas em ratos jovens e compará-las com o animal adulto. Avaliou-se a semiquantificação da proliferação ductular e inflamação pelo HE; quantificação da fibrose portal e periportal pelo picrosírius; semiquantificação da expressão de desmina e a-actina de músculo liso pelas células estreladas e miofibroblastos. Apesar das respostas de proliferação ductular e inflamação mais lentas no rato jovem, a fibrose e a expressão de desmina foram mais intensas neste grupoBiliary atresia is an hepatic disease of infancy. Etiology is unknown, and diagnosis is made by liver biopsy, with ductular proliferation being the main histological feature. Bile duct ligation in rats is an useful experimental model of biliary obstruction. The aim of this study of extra-hepatic cholestasis was analyse hepatic histological alterations in young rats compared to adult animals. The responses were studied by semiquantification of ductular proliferation and inflammatory infiltrated by HE stain; quantification of portal and periportal fibrosis with the sirius-red stain; semiquantification of the expression of desmin and a-smooth muscle actin by the hepatic stellated cells and myofibroblasts. In young animals, despite the very slow response of ductular proliferation and inflammation observed with HE, there were significantly more fibrosis and expression of desmin than in adult group
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Lee, Dayoung. "Towards a Multifaceted Understanding of Host Resistance and Pathogenicity in Rice Sheath Blight and Blast Diseases." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1555510608170391.
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