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Alemu, Tadesse, Tirhas Tadesse, and Getasew Amogne. "Glycemic control and its determinants among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at Menelik II Referral Hospital, Ethiopia." SAGE Open Medicine 9 (January 2021): 205031212110230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20503121211023000.
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Objective: The objective of the study was to explore the level of glycemic control and its determinants among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at Menelik II Referral Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: Cross-sectional study design was employed. The sample size was determined using a single proportion formula and 245 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were involved in this study. Systematic sampling method was used to select the study subjects. Standard questionnaire was used to collect patient’s biographic data, economic data, self-care activities, and patient compliance to medications. Summary statistics of a given data were calculated. Logistic regression model was used to measure the relationship between the outcome and predictor variable. Direction and strength of association was expressed using odds ratio and 95% confidence interval. Result: More than three-fourth, 191 (80.3%) of diabetic patients had poor glycemic control. Poor glycemic control was found to be 7.03 times higher among diabetic patients with duration of 5–10 years (adjusted odds ratio = 7.03, 95% confidence interval = 2.7–18.6). Similarly, diabetic patients with a duration of above 10 years were poorly controlled their blood sugar level (adjusted odds ratio = 2.3, 95% confidence interval = 1.028–5.08) in comparison to diabetic patients with a duration of fewer than 5 years. It was also found that compliance with a specific diet was significantly associated with good control of blood sugar level (adjusted odds ratio = 3.7, 95% confidence interval = 1.24–11.13). Conclusion: The magnitude of patients with poor glycemic control was high. Duration of diabetes and non-compliance with diets high in fruits, vegetables, and diets low in fat and sugar were significantly related to uncontrolled blood glucose levels. Therefore, developing strategies targeted toward improving blood glucose control with special attention to diabetes mellitus (DM) patients with a duration of ⩾5 years and those who poorly comply with their diet was strongly recommended.
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Baye, Assefa Mulu, Andualem Ababu, Regasa Bayisa, Mahdi Abdella, Edessa Diriba, Minyechel Wale, and Muluken Nigatu Selam. "Perspectives of compounding pharmacists on alcohol-based hand sanitizer production and utilization for COVID-19 prevention in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A descriptive phenomenology study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 29, 2021): e0250020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250020.
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Background Globally, the safety of patients and healthcare providers is at risk due to health care-associated infections (HCAIs). World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend using alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR) for hand hygiene in healthcare settings to prevent HCAIs. Irrational use of ABHR will have undesirable consequences including wastage of products, exposure of healthcare providers to infections and emergence of microbial resistance to the alcohol in hand sanitizers. This study aimed to explore the perspective and experiences of compounding pharmacists on production and utilization of ABHR solution for coronavirus disease in 2019 (COVID-19) prevention in public hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods A descriptive qualitative study using in-depth interview of 13 key-informants serving as compounding pharmacists in public hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, was conducted. The study participants were identified and selected by purposive sampling. All transcribed interviews were subjected to thematic analysis and transcripts were analyzed manually. Findings The compounding pharmacists in this study had a mean age of 30.6 (±3.1) years and nine of the thirteen participants were men. Ten participants believed that the compounding practice in their respective sites followed the principles of good compounding practice. More than half of the participants did not believe that ABHR products were used rationally in health facilities. They argued that users did not have enough awareness when and how to use sanitizers. Most of the interviewees reported that compounding personnel had no formal training on ABHR solution production. Study participants suggested incentive mechanisms and reimbursements for experts involved in the compounding of ABHR solutions. Conclusion Three of the compounding pharmacists indicated that ABHR production in their setting lack compliance to good compounding practice due to inadequate compounding room, quality control tests, manpower and equipment. Despite this, most study participants preferred the in-house ABHR products than the commercially available ones. Thus, training, regular monitoring and follow-up of the hospital compounding services can further build staff confidence.
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Aynalem, Getasew Amogne, Tadesse Alemu Bekele, Tirhas Tadesse Berhe, and Getabalew Endazenew. "Factors affecting adherence to lifestyle modification among patients with hypertension at Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2019." SAGE Open Medicine 9 (January 2021): 205031212110125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20503121211012523.
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Introduction: Adherence to lifestyle modification in addition to medication adherence is very important in preventing complications. Nevertheless, lifestyle modification guidelines are not widely followed by patients with hypertension. The objective of the study was to explore the predictors of compliance with lifestyle modification among patients with hypertension at Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2019. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used. A total of 384 patients with hypertension were included in this study. A systematic sampling method was used to select study participants. The data were collected through an interview method by using a structured questionnaire. The data were entered and analyzed using SPSS. Each variable was summarized using summary statistics. To measure the association between lifestyle modification and its predictors, a bivariate and multivariate logistic regression model was used. P-value < 0.05, odds ratio (OR), and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to determine statistical significance, direction, and strength of association. Results: Two hundred six (53.6%) patients with hypertension had poor adherence to the recommended lifestyle modification. Male patients with hypertension were more adherent to lifestyle modification compared with female patients (adjusted OR (AOR) = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.39–0.92). The rate of poor adherence was 1.86 times higher among patients with hypertension diagnosis of <5 years compared with patients with hypertension diagnosis of ⩾5 years(AOR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.19–2.89). Patients who were adherent to their medication were 2.13 times to have poor adherence to lifestyle modification compared with medication non-adherent patients (AOR = 2.13, 95% CI: 1.38–3.27). Conclusion: High proportions of patients with hypertension were non-adherent to lifestyle modification. Sex, age, duration of the disease, and medication adherence were significantly associated with lifestyle modification adherence. Close follow-up of female patients, the elderly, and patients with a short duration of hypertension is recommended.
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Chargualaf, Michael J., Tieumy T. Giao, Anna C. Abrahamson, David Steeb, Miranda Law, Jill Bates, Teshome Nedi, and Benyam Muluneh. "Layered learning pharmacy practice model in Ethiopia." Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice 25, no. 7 (January 7, 2019): 1699–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078155218820105.
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Purpose Ethiopia is home to a growing population of more than 100 million people. Healthcare in the region functions with a shortage of oncologists. Pharmacists as well as other healthcare providers can assist with expanding patient access to cancer care. A pilot project was proposed to provide education, determine areas to expand pharmacy services in oncology, and recommend interventions at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital and Addis Ababa University. Methods A layered learning practice model comprising of a clinical pharmacist, a post-graduate year two oncology pharmacy resident, and two fourth-year student pharmacists was constructed for the experience. Through collaboration with the College of Pharmacy at Addis Ababa University, an international experience was developed to provide education and advance pharmacy practice at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital. Results Based on findings from a needs assessment, the participants collaborated with key stakeholders to develop practices and procedures for the implementation of high-dose methotrexate and for comprehensive chemotherapy order review. In addition, 17 didactic lectures were provided to nine students enrolled in the Master of Pharmacy in Pharmacy Practice at the College of Pharmacy at Addis Ababa University. Conclusion This experience provided educational and clinical impact using a layered learning practice model, consisting of a clinical pharmacist, pharmacy resident, and pharmacy students in an international setting. There is significant potential for clinical pharmacy to positively impact patient care in the oncology setting in Ethiopia. Future initiatives for advancement include the safe handling of hazardous agents, additional therapeutic drug monitoring, and outpatient oncology pharmacist practice.
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Mulugeta, Tigist Tedla. "Patient Safety Culture among Health Workers in Addis Ababa regional Hospitals, Ethiopia." TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 7, no. 2 (June 28, 2019): 153–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21522/tijph.2013.07.02.art017.
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Abera, Rodas Getachew, Boaz Arka Abota, Melese Hailu Legese, and Abebe Edao Negesso. "Patient satisfaction with clinical laboratory services at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Patient Preference and Adherence Volume 11 (July 2017): 1181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/ppa.s132397.
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Gebremariam, Alem, Adamu Addissie, Alemayehu Worku, Selamawit Hirpa, Mathewos Assefa, Lydia E. Pace, Eva Johanna Kantelhardt, and Ahmedin Jemal. "Breast and cervical cancer patients’ experience in Addis Ababa city, Ethiopia: a follow-up study protocol." BMJ Open 9, no. 4 (April 2019): e027034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027034.
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IntroductionCancer is an emerging public health problem in Ethiopia, with breast and cervical cancers accounting for over half of all newly diagnosed cancers in women. The majority of women with breast and cervical cancer are diagnosed at late stage of the disease and most patients do not receive care consistent with global standards. However, little is known about the health-seeking behaviours, barriers to early detection and treatment, patient-reported outcomes, financial burden and survival of women with breast and cervical cancer in the country. Therefore, this study aims to document the experience of women with breast and cervical cancer from recognition of symptoms to diagnosis, treatment and survivorship/mortality in Addis Ababa city, Ethiopia.Methods and analysisA prospective follow-up study using mixed methods (both quantitative and qualitative) will be employed. All women newly diagnosed with breast and cervical cancer from 1 January, 2017 to 30 June 2018 in Addis Ababa will be included in the study. Interviewer-administered questionnaires will be used to collect information about medical consultations after recognition of symptoms, health-seeking behaviours, treatment received, barriers to early detection and treatment, and survivorship care. In-depth interview will be conducted on purposefully selected women with breast and cervical cancer. The primary outcomes of the study are time intervals (patient and diagnostic waiting times), stage at diagnosis and survival. Multivariable analysis will be employed to determine the contributions of independent variables on the outcomes of interest. HRs with 95% CIs will be calculated for time-to-event outcomes. Qualitative data will be analysed using thematic analysis.Ethics and disseminationThis protocol is ethically approved by Institutional Review Board of Addis Ababa University. Verbal informed consent will be obtained from study participants. Results will be disseminated in international peer-reviewed journals and presented in relevant conferences.
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Tamrat, Girmaye, Mensur Osman, Nigussie Deyessa, Mulat Taye, Ronald Lett, and Abebe Bekele. "Delay of emergency surgical interventions in Ethiopia: Patient and health system factors." East and Central African Journal of Surgery 23, no. 2 (September 28, 2018): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ecajs.v23i2.2.
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Background: The objectives of this study were to evaluate outcomes among patients with acute abdomen and abdominal trauma who presented at either of 2 referral hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and to determine the factors associated with delay as well as the effects of prehospital and in-hospital delay on outcome. Methods: We conducted a 1-year prospective cross-sectional study, which included all cases of surgically treated acute abdomen and abdominal trauma admitted to St Paul General Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia and Gondar University Hospital, Gondar, Ethiopia. Standardized data collection forms were completed for all cases from 1 May 2008 to 30 April 2009. Data were analyzed using Epi Info version 6 and SPSS version 13. Results: A total of 504 patients were studied. Diagnoses were: intestinal obstruction (34.6 %), appendicitis (33 %), and perforated peptic ulcer (3.6 %). Sixty-six percent of patients over 45 years of age, 60% of females, and 61% of intestinal obstruction cases were operated on within 3 days of illness onset. The 35% of patients who were operated on more than 3 days after the development of symptoms had a mortality of 67%. Fifty-four percent of the cases with a total prehospital and in-hospital time of more than 3 days had initially visited other health institutions. Conclusions: Delay of surgical intervention of more than 3 days for acute abdomen or abdominal trauma adversely affected outcomes. Women, patients older than 45 years of age, patients with intestinal obstruction, and those who were referred from other health facilities were delayed and had adverse outcomes. Keywords: delay in surgery; acute abdomen; abdominal trauma; surgical systems improvement
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Gebrekidan, Gezahegn, Gezahegn Tesfaye, Mitiku Teshome Hambisa, and Negussie Deyessa. "Quality of Tuberculosis Care in Private Health Facilities of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Tuberculosis Research and Treatment 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/720432.
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Ensuring provision of good quality tuberculosis (TB) care, especially in private for profit health facilities, is an important component of TB control strategy to reduce poor medical practice which results in multidrug resistant TB (MDR-TB). The aim of this study was to investigate quality of TB care in private health facilities of Addis Ababa. A facility based cross-sectional study was conducted based on Donabedian’s structure-process-outcome model of health care quality. Quality of care was determined by adherence to National TB Program guidelines, treatment success rate, and client satisfaction. Exit interview was conducted on 292 patients on the intensive phase of treatment and 384 patient records were reviewed in eight private health facilities. Initial diagnostic AFB test was done for 95.4% of pulmonary TB patients. Most important components of TB care recommended by national guidelines were delivered for a significant proportion of patients. Majority (75%) of the clients were found to be satisfied with each component of TB care. The treatment success rate was 90.9%. The quality of TB care was fairly good. However, only 77.7% of the patients were counseled for HIV testing. Strengthening HIV counseling and testing, tackling shortage of streptomycin and laboratory reagent at private TB clinic is crucial.
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Yifter, Helen, Afrah Omer, Seid Gugsa, Abebaw Fekadu, Abraham Kebede, Tewodros Gebremariam, Addisu Melkie, and Negussie Deyessa. "Early detection and management of major non-communicable diseases in urban primary healthcare facilities in Ethiopia: a study protocol for a type-3 hybrid implementation-effectiveness design." BMJ Open 11, no. 1 (January 2021): e040564. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040564.
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IntroductionIntegrating early detection and management of non-communicable diseases in primary healthcare has an unprecedented role in making healthcare more accessible particularly in low- and middle-income countries such as Ethiopia. This study aims to design, implement and evaluate an evidence-based intervention guided by the HEARTS technical package and implementation guide to address barriers and facilitators of integrating early detection and management of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases in primary healthcare settings of Addis Ababa.MethodologyWe will employ a type-3 hybrid implementation-effectiveness study from November 2020 to May 2022. This study will target patients ≥40 years of age. Ten health centres will be randomly selected from each subcity of Addis Ababa. The study will have four phases: (1) Baseline situational analysis (PEN facility-capacity assessment, 150 observations of patient healthcare provider interactions and 697 patient medical record reviews), (2) Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) inspired qualitative assessment of barriers and facilitators (20 in-depth interviews of key stakeholders), (3) Design of intervention protocol. The intervention will have capacity enhancement components including training of non-communicabledisease (NCDservice providers, provision of essential equipment/supporting materials and monthly monitoring and feedback and (4) Implementation monitoring and evaluation phase using the RE-AIM (reach, efficacy, adoption, implementation and maintenance) framework. Outcomes on early detection and management of NCDs will be assessed to examine the effectiveness of the study.Ethics and dissemination planEthical clearance was obtained from the Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences Institutional Review Board and Addis Ababa Health Bureau. We plan to present the findings from this research in conferences and publish them in peer-reviewed journals.
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Tenna, Admasu, Edward A. Stenehjem, Lindsay Margoles, Ermias Kacha, Henry M. Blumberg, and Russell R. Kempker. "Infection Control Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices among Healthcare Workers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 34, no. 12 (December 2013): 1289–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/673979.
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Objective.To better understand hospital infection control practices in Ethiopia.Design.A cross-sectional evaluation of healthcare worker (HCW) knowledge, attitudes, and practices about hand hygiene and tuberculosis (TB) infection control measures.Methods.An anonymous 76-item questionnaire was administered to HCWs at 2 university hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Knowledge items were scored as correct/incorrect. Attitude and practice items were assessed using a Likert scale.Results.In total, 261 surveys were completed by physicians (51%) and nurses (49%). Fifty-one percent of respondents were male; mean age was 30 years. While hand hygiene knowledge was fair, self-reported practice was suboptimal. Physicians reported performing hand hygiene 7% and 48% before and after patient contact, respectively. Barriers for performing hand hygiene included lack of hand hygiene agents (77%), sinks (30%), and proper training (50%) as well as irritation and dryness (67%) caused by hand sanitizer made in accordance with the World Health Organization formulation. TB infection control knowledge was excellent (more than 90% correct). Most HCWs felt that they were at high risk for occupational acquisition of TB (71%) and that proper TB infection control can prevent nosocomial transmission (92%). Only 12% of HCWs regularly wore a mask when caring for TB patients. Only 8% of HCWs reported that masks were regularly available, and 76% cited a lack of infrastructure to isolate suspected/known TB patients.Conclusions.Training HCWs about the importance and proper practice of hand hygiene along with improving hand sanitizer options may improve patient safety. Additionally, enhanced infrastructure is needed to improve TB infection control practices and allay HCW concerns about acquiring TB in the hospital.
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Gossa, Weyinshet, Christine Jones, Sorana Raiculescu, Mesfin Melaku, Elnathan Kebebew, Meseret Zerihun, and Michael D. Fetters. "Family Medicine Residents’ Attitudes About Training in Ethiopia and the United States." Family Medicine 51, no. 5 (May 7, 2019): 424–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22454/fammed.2019.190022.
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Background and Objectives: In Ethiopia, family medicine began in 2013. The objective of this study was to compare family medicine residents’ attitudes about training in Ethiopia with those at a program in the United States. Methods: Family medicine residents at Addis Ababa University in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia and the University of Maryland in Baltimore, Maryland completed a 43-item Likert scale survey in 2017. The survey assessed residents’ attitudes about residency education, patient care, independence as family physicians, finances, impact of residency on personal life, and women’s issues. We calculated descriptive statistics on the demographics data and analyzed survey responses using a two-sample t-test. Results: A total of 18 (75%) Ethiopian residents and 18 (60%) US residents completed the survey (n=36). The Ethiopian residents had a wider age distribution (25-50 years) than the US residents (25-34 years). More US residents were female (72%) compared to the Ethiopian cohort (50%), while more Ethiopian residents were married (72%) compared to the US cohort (47%). There were statistically significant differences in attitudes toward patient care (P=0.005) and finances (P<0.001), differences approaching significance in attitudes toward residency education, and no significant differences in independence as family physicians, the impact of residency on personal life, and women’s issues in family medicine. Conclusions: Across two very different cultures, resident attitudes about independence as family physicians, the impact of residency on personal life and women’s issues, were largely similar, while cross-national differences in attitudes were found relative to residency education, patient care, and finances.
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Duffy, Shane. "A case series of bleeding due to Leech infestation from the Gimbie region, Ethiopia." Tropical Doctor 38, no. 1 (January 2008): 58–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/td.2007.060162.
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We present a case series of patients who presented to Gimbie Adventist Hospital (GAH), Western Wollege, Ethiopia. GAH is located in the town of Gimbie in the Western Wollega province of Ethiopia, about 450 km west of Addis Ababa. Gimbie zone is 9° north of the equator at 2000 m. There are ‘area’ wells, which supply only a minority of the population. The patients presented with bleeding of unknown aetiology and supportive care was the initial management. Leech infestation was found to be the cause of the bleeding. In Western Ethiopia in a patient presenting with bleeding of unknown aetiology, leech infestation is an important differential diagnosis.
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Gebremariam, Alem, Adamu Addissie, Alemayehu Worku, Mathewos Assefa, Lydia E. Pace, Eva Johanna Kantelhardt, and Ahmedin Jemal. "Time intervals experienced between first symptom recognition and pathologic diagnosis of breast cancer in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study." BMJ Open 9, no. 11 (November 2019): e032228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032228.
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ObjectivesThis study aimed to estimate the magnitude of patient and diagnostic delays and associated factors among women with breast cancer in Addis Ababa.DesignThis is a cross-sectional study.Settings and participantsAll women newly diagnosed with breast cancer in seven major healthcare facilities in Addis Ababa (n=441) were included in the study.Main outcomes and measuresPatient interval (time from recognition of first symptom to medical consultation) and diagnostic interval (time from first consultation to diagnosis). Patient intervals >90 days and diagnostic intervals >30 days were considered delays, and associated factors were determined using multivariable Poisson regressions with robust variance.ResultsThirty-six percent (95% CI [31.1%, 40.3%]) of the patients had patient intervals of >90 days, and 69% (95% CI [64.6%, 73.3%]) of the patients had diagnostic intervals of >30 days. Diagnostic interval exceeded 1 year for 18% of patients. Ninety-five percent of the patients detected the first symptoms of breast cancer by themselves, with breast lump (78.0%) as the most common first symptom. Only 8.0% were concerned about cancer initially, with most attributing their symptoms to other factors. In the multivariable analysis, using traditional medicine before consultation was significantly associated with increased prevalence of patient delay (adjusted prevalence ratio (PR) = 2.13, 95% CI [1.68, 2.71]). First consultation at health centres (adjusted PR = 1.19, 95% CI [1.02, 1.39]) and visiting ≥4 facilities (adjusted PR = 1.24, 95% CI [1.10, 1.40]) were associated with higher prevalence of diagnostic delay. However, progression of symptoms before consultation (adjusted PR = 0.73, 95% CI [0.60, 0.90]) was associated with decreased prevalence of diagnostic delay.ConclusionsPatients with breast cancer in Addis Ababa have prolonged patient and diagnostic intervals. These underscore the need for public health programme to increase knowledge about breast cancer symptoms and the importance of early presentation and early diagnosis among the general public and healthcare providers.
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Kehali, Habtamu, Yemane Berhane, and Addisu Gize. "A phenomenological study on the lived experiences of families of ICU patients, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 18, 2020): e0244073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244073.
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Background Family-centered care of ICU patients is increasingly recommended as it is believed to have effect on family members’ psychosocial status and patient outcomes. Defining the nature and extent of families’ involvement in a given health care environment for different stakeholders is a challenge. Understanding the lived experiences of families of ICU patients would help strategize on how to better engage family members for improved ICU care processes and outcomes. Objectives The aim of this study is to explore the lived experiences of families of patients in the ICUs of hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods The study adopted a qualitative approach and a phenomenological research design. In-depth interviews were conducted with twelve (12) family members who were purposively sampled from two government hospitals and four private hospitals. Thematic approach with the application of hermeneutic circle of interpretation was applied to understand the meanings of their experiences. Results The study revealed the following major themes: financial burden, challenge in decision making, shattered family integrity and expectations, information and communication gap between family members and health professionals, lack of confidence in the service delivery of hospitals, social pressure against patient families, and families being immersed in an unfriendly environment. Though they do not explicitly mention it to the health care tram, further interpretation of the main themes elucidated that family’s need the intensive care process be cut shorter irrespective of the outcome of the patient condition. Conclusion The study gave an insight on the multiple and interrelated challenges faced by families of ICU patients admitted in the hospitals of Addis Ababa. Further contextualized interpretation of their experiences revealed that families were somehow in a state of despair and they implicitly need the ICU care for their family member be ended irrespective of the potential clinical consequences on the patient. The philosophy of family-centered care be advocated in hospitals. The study result affirms the need to include family members during nursing assessment of patients in ICUs and also offers the basis for guidelines development on informational support to the families of the patients hospitalized in ICUs.
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Woledesenbet, Mebrat Abera, Shegaye Shumet Mekonen, Lamesa Melese Sori, and Tadesse Melaku Abegaz. "Epidemiology of Depression and Associated Factors among Asthma Patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Psychiatry Journal 2018 (August 26, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5934872.
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Background. Depression in asthma patients can cause worsening of respiratory symptoms. Addressing mental illness in those with asthma improves asthma outcomes. This study aimed to assess the epidemiology of depression and associated factors among asthma patients attending government hospitals in Ethiopia. Methods. Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted on patients with asthma at three governmental hospitals of Addis Ababa from June to July 2017. Patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) depression scale was used to assess prevalence of depression among asthmatic patients. The data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20 statistical software. Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify associated factors for depression. To indicate the strength of association, odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were used. Result. A total of 405 participants were enrolled in the study giving an overall response rate of 96%. The respondents had mean age of 54.46 and standard deviation (SD) of 10.01 years. About 273 (67.4%) were females. The prevalence of depression among asthma patients was 85 (21%). The odds of developing depression among single asthma patients were increased by 1.63 with 95% CI [1. 8, 3.493]. Depression among asthma patients who had comorbid cardiac illness was 6.2 times higher than those who do not have at CI [1.145, 24.109]. The prevalence of depression among uncontrolled asthma patients was 8 times higher than those with well-controlled asthma at CI [1.114, 19.025]. Conclusion. One-fifth of asthmatic patients were experiencing depression. Uncontrolled asthma, comorbid cardiac illness, and single patients were important predictors of depression among asthmatic patients. Proper control of asthmatic attack and cardiac illnesses is very important to reduce the burden of depression.
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Angaw, Dessie Abebaw, Lemma Derseh Gezie, and Berihun Assefa Dachew. "Standard precaution practice and associated factors among health professionals working in Addis Ababa government hospitals, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study using multilevel analysis." BMJ Open 9, no. 10 (October 2019): e030784. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030784.
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ObjectivesOccupational exposure to blood and body fluids is a major risk factor for the transmission of infections to health professionals in developing countries like Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to assess standard precaution practices (SPPs) and its associated factors among health professionals working at Addis Ababa government hospitals.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted on 772 health professionals working at eight government hospitals in Addis Ababa, 2015. The multistage sampling technique was used to select study participants. Health professionals who were directly participating in screening, diagnosis, treatment and follow-ups of patients were studied. SPPs by health professionals were determined by a self-rated response to a 30-item Likert scale. A respondent would be graded as ‘good’ compliant for the assessment if they scored at least the mean of the total score, or would be considered as poor compliant if they scored less. To take the hierarchical structure of the data into account during analysis, multilevel binary logistic regressions were used. The intraclass correlation coefficient was calculated to evaluate whether variations in score were primarily within or between hospitals.ResultOut of the participants, 50.65% had good SPPs. At the individual level, attitude, age and educational status were found to be important factors of SPPs. Controlling individual-level factors, applying regular observations (adjusted OR (AOR) 1.82; 95% CI 1.2 to 2.76), providing sufficient materials (AOR 1.53; 95% CI 1.03 to 2.28) and weak measures on reported incidences (AOR 0.49; 95% CI 0.30 to 0.8) were also hospital-level factors associated with SPPs.ConclusionSPPs in the healthcare facilities were found to be so low that both patients and health professionals were at a significant risk for infections. The finding suggests the need for optimising individual-level and hospital-level precautionary practices.
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Getahun, Belete, and Zethu Zerish Nkosi. "Is directly observed tuberculosis treatment strategy patient-centered? A mixed method study in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." PLOS ONE 12, no. 8 (August 1, 2017): e0181205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0181205.
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Tulu, Tsegaye, and Mesfin Haile Kahissay. "Assessment of Multidrug Resistance Tuberclosis Treatment Outcome in St. Petre’s Tuberclosis Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Malaysian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2015): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/mjmbr.v2i1.381.
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The purpose of this study is to assess the treatment outcome of MDR-TB among patients who are treated in St. Peter’s TB Specialized Hospital from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2010. A periodic retrospective cross sectional study was conducted on MDR-TB patient who were followed up to check their treatment out come. The study was utilized quantitative method for data collection by using patient registration book from MDR-TB clinic retrospectively. Using data collecting format, cure rate, failure rate, death rate, card number, sex, address, and co-morbid illness was be collected. The association with the patient treatment outcome was assessed using SPSS version 15 for window using chi-square and odds ratio and Epi info for data entry. In this study the treatment outcome was measured by cure rate, death rate, failure rate and default rate. Base on this study that was done in St. Peter’s TB specialized hospital from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2010 cohort study, out of 166 MDR-TB patients, the treatment completion and cure rate was 7(4.2%). Regarding to sex more female 6(7.1%) of the treated patients were cured than male 1(1.23%) from the total females and males patients respectively. While 143(83.5%) were still on treatment, 1(0.6%) patient was defaulted from treatment for more than two months and the outcome was not traced. Treatment failure was not reported in this study. This finding indicates that from the study population, no treatment failure and one treatment interruption (default) was observed. In conclusion patients in this cross sectional study were found in good follow up and DOTS program. On the other hand the cure rate 7(4.2%) of this study showed that encouraging treatment outcome was obtained from the MDR-TB treatment plan. The result that was obtained from this study showed that the majority of MDR-TB patients in this retrospective study were found still on treatment.
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Rick, Tara, Biruk Habtamu, Wondemagegnhu Tigeneh, Aynalem Abreha, Yvette van Norden, Surbhi Grover, Mathewos Assefa, and Luca Incrocci. "Patterns of Care of Cancers and Radiotherapy in Ethiopia." Journal of Global Oncology, no. 5 (December 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.19.00129.
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PURPOSE Radiotherapy (RT) is an essential component of cancer treatment. There is a lack of RT services in sub-Saharan Africa as well as limited knowledge regarding clinical practices. The purpose of this study was to identify and describe the patterns for RT treatment in Ethiopia. METHODS AND MATERIALS We performed a retrospective analysis of 1,823 patients treated with cobalt RT at a large referral hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, from May 2015 through January 2018. Paper charts were reviewed for patient and treatment characteristics. Descriptive statistics were computed using SPSS (IBM, Armonk, NY). RESULTS Among patients treated for cancer, 98% (n = 1,784) were adults, 78% (n = 1,426) were female, 5% (n = 85) were HIV positive, 30% (n = 555) were from Addis Ababa, and the median age was 48 years (interquartile range [IQR], 38-58 years). Cervical cancer was the most frequent cancer treated (47%, n = 851), followed by breast cancer (15%, n = 274) and head and neck cancer (10%, n = 184). Seventy-three percent of patients (n = 1,339) presented at a late stage, and 62% (n = 1,138) received palliative RT. The wait times were the shortest for patients receiving palliative treatment (median, 0 days; IQR, 0-15 days; n = 1,138), whereas wait times were longer for patients receiving curative treatment (median, 150 days; IQR, 60-210 days; n = 685). Three percent of patients (n = 56) had documented grade 3 or 4 acute toxicity; of these, 59% (n = 33) were patients with head and neck cancer. CONCLUSION Cervical cancer accounted for half of patients treated; thus, a majority of patients were adult females. Most patients had advanced-stage cancer, and goals of care were palliative. Wait times were long for patients with curative-intent cancer as a result of low capacity for RT services.
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Kalayu, Alem A., Ketema Diriba, Chuchu Girma, and Eman Abdella. "Incidence and Bacterial Etiologies of Surgical Site Infections in a Public Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Open Microbiology Journal 13, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 301–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874285801913010301.
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Background: Surgical Site Infections (SSIs) are among the frequently reported healthcare-acquired infections worldwide. Successful treatment of SSIs is affected by the continuous evolvement of drug-resistant microbes. This study investigated the incidence of SSIs, identifying the major etiologic agents and their drug resistance patterns in Yekatit 12 Hospital, Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 649 patients who underwent surgery at Yekatit 12 hospital from April 2016 to April 2017. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected from each patient on admission. After surgery, they were followed for SSI occurrence. SSI was initially diagnosed by a senior surgeon based on standard clinical criteria and then confirmed by culture. Isolates were tested for drug resistance according to the clinical and laboratory standards institute guideline. Results: Of the 649 study participants, 56% were females. Their age ranged from 9 months to 88 years with a median age of 37 years. The incidence of culture-confirmed SSI was 10.2% (66/649) where 73 isolates were recovered. About two-third of the isolates were Gram-positive bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequently isolated (27/73, 37%) followed by Coagulase-negative staphylococci (18/73, 24.7%), Escherichia coli (11/73, 15.1%) and Klebsiella species (10/73, 13.7%). About 89% and 44% of S. aureus isolates were resistant to penicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, respectively. MRSA constituted 11% of the S. aureus isolates. All the Gram-negative isolates were resistant to ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole but susceptible to amikacin and meropenem. Klebsiella species showed 70-100% resistance to ceftazidime, cefuroxime, augmentin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, cefepime and gentamicin. About 82% of E. coli isolates were resistant for chloramphenicol, cefepime, ceftazidime, augmentin, cefuroxime and 64% for gentamicin and ciprofloxacin. Conclusion: The incidence of surgical site infection in Yekatit 12 hospital is 10.2%. Most of the SSIs were due to Gram-positive bacteria. Gram-negative isolates showed high resistance to the most commonly prescribed drugs. No resistance was found for meropenem indicating the absence of carbapenem-resistant bacteria. SSI treatments should be guided by culture and drug resistance test. Better infection prevention practices and continuous surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in the hospital are recommended for better patient care.
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Kassahun, Haile, Kaleab Asres, and Ayenew Ashenef. "In Vitro and In Vivo Quality Evaluation of Glibenclamide Tablets Marketed in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Journal of Pharmaceutics 2018 (July 18, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7916368.
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Good quality drugs fulfilling the regulatory parameters and produced per the current good manufacturing (CGMP) standards are very critical for best therapeutic outcome in patient therapy. Hence, this study assesses quality as well as physicochemical bioequivalence of five brands of glibenclamide tablets marketed in Addis Ababa using in vitro and in vivo methods. Friability, disintegration, dissolution, and assay for the content of active ingredients were evaluated using the methods described in the British Pharmacopeia (2009) and United States Pharmacopeia (2007). All the brands of glibenclamide tablets complied with the official specification for hardness, friability, disintegration, and assay. Difference factor (f1) values were less than 15 and similarity factor (f2) values were greater than 50 for all products of glibenclamide. The hypoglycemic effect of different products of glibenclamide tablets was evaluated on normoglycemic mice. The in vivo studies indicated that there is no significant difference in percent reduction of blood glucose level between the brands of glibenclamide and the innovator product (p > 0.05). Hence, based on the in vivo results and in vitro dissolution studies, the brands might be substituted with the innovator product in clinical practice.
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Tesema, E., F. Wares, A. Bedru, C. Negeri, Y. Molla, D. Gemechu, A. Kassa, F. Tsegaye, and L. Taye. "Experiences of introducing new drugs for drug-resistant TB at the ALERT Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2017–2019." Public Health Action 11, no. 2 (June 21, 2021): 50–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/pha.20.0065.
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BACKGROUND: Drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) remains a major public health concern. DR-TB patient data from ALERT (All Africa Leprosy, Tuberculosis and Rehabilitation Training Centre) Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, who received bedaquiline (BDQ) and/or delamanid (DLM) containing regimens were analysed.RESULTS: From 2017 to 2019, 51 DR-TB patients were enrolled. Of 33 patients, 31 (93.9%) had culture converted at 6 months. Of those with final outcomes, 77% (n = 10) were cured. Thirty (58.8%) developed adverse events, the most frequent of which were gastrointestinal disorders (70%), haematological disorders (16.7%) and QTc prolongation (16.7%). Twenty patients discontinued the offending drug permanently.CONCLUSION: With close monitoring, introduction of new DR-TB regimens brought good early results, which encouraged wider programmatic implementation in Ethiopia.
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Mekuria, Banchirega, Gebremedhin Beedemariam Gebretekle, Tamerat Bekele, Mesfin Negussie, Melaku Kifle, and Teferi Gedif Fenta. "Bacterial resistance to fluoroquinolones and contributing factors in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a mixed methods study." Ethiopian Pharmaceutical Journal 34, no. 1 (June 19, 2019): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/epj.v34i1.6.
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Fluoroquinolones are widely used globally and there is a growing trend of resistance to these agents. However, there is scanty information in Ethiopia and this study aimed to assess the level of bacterial resistance to fluoroquinolones and identify contributing factors in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Concurrent mixed methods study design was used. Records (January 2013 to December 2016) of the Microbiology Laboratory of International Clinical Laboratories were retrospectively reviewed. In addition, qualitative interviews were conducted with purposively selected 20 prescribers’ and dispensers’ to explore perceived contributing factors to resistance. Descriptive statistics was used to summarize the data and possible association was explored using multivariable logistic regression. Qualitative data was analyzed using thematic analysis. A total of 7,889 bacterial isolates were identified from 4,310 patients. The overall resistance of bacterial isolates to fluoroquinolones was 42.5% and the highest resistance was to nalidixic acid (63.3%). Enterococci and Escherichia coli developed high level of resistance to ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin; while Enterococci had higher resistant to nalidixic acid (77.8%). Resistance to fluoroquinolones was 5-times more likely in patients aged ≥ 60 years than those < 15 years old (AOR = 5.63, 95% CI: 4.71, 6.73). Resistance to fluoroquinolones increased from 40.4% in 2013 to 49.0% in 2015 but declined to 46.3% in 2016. Respondents of the qualitative interviews suggested that injudicious prescribing due to lack of institutional antibiogram and inadequate knowledge, nonprescription sales of antibiotics and/or patient hording and sharing practices contributed for the high level of fluoroquinolone resistance. The study showed a high level of bacterial resistance to fluoroquinolones. Patients’ age and year of testing were significantly associated with resistance. Moreover, inappropriate prescribing practice, illegal over-the-counter sales as well as their unreasonable use by patients were key drivers to the problem. This calls for the strict regulation of non-prescription sales of antibiotics, public awareness creation and development of local antibiogram to guide prescribing. Keywords: fluoroquinolones, bacterial resistance, qualitative interview, enterococci, Escherichia coli
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Tsegaw, Hilina, Mohammed Yimam, Dejen Nureye, Workineh Woldeselassie, and Solomon Hambisa. "Predictors of Treatment Outcomes among Pediatric Patients Hospitalized with Pneumonia in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 2021 (April 20, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6690622.
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Background. Pneumonia remains the leading cause of hospitalization and mortality in young children in low- and middle-income countries. This study is aimed to assess predictors of treatment outcomes among pediatric patients hospitalized with pneumonia in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods. A facility-based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among pediatric patients admitted with pneumonia, considering patient medical charts recorded for a 1-year period from February 2017 to February 2018. The sample size was computed based on a single population proportion formula and giving a total sample size of 207. The systematic random sampling method was employed to select patient cards from the sampling frame. The data extraction format was used to extract any relevant information from patient chart. The processed data were analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, version 21). Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the patients’ baseline characteristics and related information. The logistic regression model was fitted to determine factors associated with treatment outcomes. To identify predictors of poor treatment outcome, the level of significance was set at P < 0.05 . Results. From a total of 207 patient charts reviewed, more than half (55.6%) of the study participants were males. Majority of patients, 130 (62.8%), were in the age range of 1 month–11 months. Furthermore, 191 (92.3%) patients had good treatment outcome. Patients who treated with ceftriaxone + azithromycin were less likely to have poor treatment outcome compared with patients who were placed on crystalline penicillin (AOR = 0.86, 95% CI 0.01–0.83). On the contrary, patients who stayed ≥ 8 days were about 14.3 times more likely to have poor treatment outcome compared with patients who stayed ≤ 3 days (AOR = 14.3, 95% CI 1.35–151.1). Conclusion. Even though the study revealed good treatment outcome among the pediatric patients, particular consideration should be given to children in need of other interventions.
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Mengesha, Shibre, Bekele Belayihun, and Abera Kumie. "Predictors of Survival in HIV-Infected Patient after Initiation of HAART in Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." International Scholarly Research Notices 2014 (October 9, 2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/250913.
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Introduction. ART has improved the survival of HIV-infected patients. However, patients in resource-poor countries have higher mortality rates, particularly the first months after initiating ART. In this study we tried to determine the survival factors in HIV-infected patients treated with HAART in Zewditu Memorial Hospital. Methods. A retrospective cohort study was conducted from 2008 to 2012. All HIV-infected patients above the age of 14 took first line ART. Data were collected, entered, and analyzed using Epi Info 7 and SPSS Version 20. Life table was used to estimate mortality after initiation of ART, and Kaplan-Meier was used to compare survival curves. Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the predictors of mortality. Results. The incidence of mortality was 3.8/100 person-years. Independent predictors of mortality were WHO clinical stages 3-4 (HR=2.39 at 95% CI (1.26, 5.31)), anemia (hemoglobin level < 10 gm/dL (HR=5.54 at 95% CI (2.58, 11.86)). Conclusion. Incidence of mortality was found relatively low, majority of deaths occurring within 3 months of starting ART. WHO stages 3-4, anemia (hemoglobin count < 10 gm/dL), and past TB coinfection were the main predictors of mortality. The underlying causes for early death in patients presenting at late stages should be investigated.
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Tamene, M., A. Tsegaye, A. Birhanu, B. Taye, and M. Birhaneselassie. "Assessment of transfusion utilization and patient outcomes at the largest referral and university hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." ISBT Science Series 11, no. 1 (March 28, 2016): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/voxs.12234.
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Desalegn, Daniel Melese, Kumera Terfa Kitila, Boja Dufera Taddese, Tinsae Kidanemariam Hailu, Tariku Takle Dinku, Kassahun Demisse Asferie, Hanna Mekonnen Balcha, Chalachew Sisay Gebeyehu, and Girmay Medhin. "Sputum Smear Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis Diagnostic Dropout Rate in Public Health Facilities, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Pulmonary Medicine 2019 (March 20, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2905615.
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Background. Prolonged laboratory diagnostic process of tuberculosis can lead to failure to complete the diagnosis and increase dropout rate of smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) cases. This implies such dropout patients without completing diagnosis are critical as infected individuals remain untreated in the community, providing more opportunities for transmission of the disease and adversely affecting the epidemic. The aim of this research is to determine the level of smear positive PTB diagnosis dropout rate of spot-morning-spot sputum microscopy diagnosis method in public health facilities, in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods. Retrospective review of patient documents in 13 public health facilities’ TB laboratory in Addis Ababa was conducted from October 2011 to March 2016. Data was computerized using Epi-info software and analysed using SPSS version 20.0 software. Descriptive numerical summaries were used to present the findings. Association between the dropout rate and demographic variables was assessed by Chi-square (X2). Bivariate model using Odds Ratio (OR) with a 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was calculated. P-Value less than 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results. Of 41,884 presumptive TB patients registered during the 53 months for laboratory investigation, 5.9% were positive for the first spot sputum smear microscopy. Among these positive cases, 142 (5.8%) and 298 (12.1%) did not come back to the laboratory to submitted early morning and second spot sputum specimens, respectively. The diagnostic dropout for morning sputum specimen in hospitals was 5.6% (58/1039) and in health centres was 5.9% (84/1424). However, higher proportion of dropout for second spot sputum specimen in hospitals was 16.4% (170/1039), compared to the health centres, 8.9% (128/1424). Diagnostic dropout of sputum smear microscopy had no significant association with sociodemographic variable (P value >0.05), while it had significant association with facility type (P value <0.05). Conclusion. In this study smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis diagnostic dropout rate was high compared to WHO reported for the new strategy shift implying the importance of shifting to same-day approach. Hence, shifting from conventional to same day is crucial to minimize the TB diagnostic dropout rate in the study area and other similar settings. Further research is needed/recommended in the local setting to compare the yield and dropout rates between same-day and conventional sputum smear microscopy approach.
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Emirie, Molalign, and M. K. Sharma. "Determinants of Intraocular Pressure of Glaucoma Patients: A Case Study at Menelik II Referral Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." International Journal of Statistics in Medical Research 10 (February 26, 2021): 30–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1929-6029.2021.10.04.
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The main theme of the paper is the well-known problem of glaucoma which is the main cause of blindness worldwide and is also considered a major public health issue. It is usually associated with intraocular pressure above the normal range. The normal range is considered to be 10-21mmHg. Elevated intraocular pressure is a major risk factor for the development and/or progression of glaucoma, and intraocular pressure reduction is a well-known treatment strategy for slowing the progression of the disease. The objective of this article is to identify factors/covariates which affect intraocular pressure on glaucoma patients taking into consideration various demographic, socio-economic, and clinical factors. A retrospective longitudinal cohort study was conducted; the study was based on data from all glaucoma patients who visit at least 3 times repeatedly six waves from January 2016 to December 2018 at Menelik II Referral Hospital Eye Clinic. Profile plots, univariate and multivariate linear mixed effect models were used to explore the major risk factors for the progression of intraocular pressure of a patient. The predictor variables gender (p-value=0.0218), occupation (p-value=0.0025), blood pressure (p-value, 0.0263), diabetes (p-value=0.0139), ocular problem (p-value=0.0290) and type of treatment (p-value=0.0176) found statistically significant effects on intraocular pressure of glaucoma patient. The interaction effects, i.e. time with age (p-value<.0001), time with ocular problem (p-value=0.0002), time with cataract surgery (p-value=0.0002), time with duration of treatment (p-value=0.0014) and time with type of treatment (p-value=0.0262) were found statistically significant on intraocular pressure of glaucoma patient.
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Suga, Yisihak, Wendiye Shimelis, Aman Yesuf, Firaol Dendena, and Berhanetsehay Teklewold. "Assessment of magnitude and factors affecting outcomes of head injury at Addis Ababa burn emergency and trauma hospital, Ethiopia." International Journal of Scientific Reports 7, no. 1 (December 22, 2020): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20205492.
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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Head injury is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide and has become one of the highest community health problems worldwide including Ethiopia. This study aims to assess the magnitude and factors affecting the outcome of head injury patients at Addis Ababa burn and emergency treatment Hospital from 01 January 2018 to 31 December 2019.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A retrospective review was conducted on a patient who had a head injury and visited Addis Ababa burn and emergency treatment Hospital, from 01 January 2018 to 31 December 2019. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> There were 2163 head injury patients making the incidence of head injury 29.6%. The commonest cause of injury is road traffic accidents accounting for 89 (43.8%) and most patients sustained blunt injury 65 (32%).The commonest computed tomography (CT)-scan finding was intracerebral hemorrhage in 51 (25.1%) patients. Most head injury patients 112 (55.2%) stayed less than 1 week and the commonest complication was meningitis that occurred in 56 (27.6%) of patients. On presentation to hospital 90 (44.3%) had a mild type of traumatic brain injury. There is a significant correlation seen between gender, occupation, and severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) with the outcome of head injury (p<0.05).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Early diagnosis and interventions contributed to the good outcome of the patient. Establishing trauma centers at least in major cities can improve the outcome of head injury patients, by giving early treatment and using ambulances which are used for transportation of laboring mothers also might facilitate early referrals of patients to best centers.</p>
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Adenager, Getinet Shewaseged, Fessahaye Alemseged, Henok Asefa, and Amanuel Tesfay Gebremedhin. "Factors Associated with Treatment Delay among Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Public and Private Health Facilities in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Tuberculosis Research and Treatment 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5120841.
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Background. Early detection and diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) and the timely commencement of antituberculosis (anti-TB) treatment are the parts of efficient tuberculosis prevention and control program. Delay in the commencement of anti-TB treatment worsens the prognosis and increases the risk of death and the chance of transmission in the community and among health care workers. Objective. To assess tuberculosis treatment delay and associated factors among pulmonary TB patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 10 public and 10 private health facilities that provide TB treatment. The data were collected from 425 newly registered pulmonary TB patients using pretested structured questionnaire from April to June 2012. Data were entered in EPI info version 3.5.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 16.0. Findings. The median durations of a patient, health care system, and total treatment delays were 17, 9, and 35 days, respectively. Overall 179 (42.1%), 233 (54.8%), and 262 (61.6%) of patients experienced patient delay, health care system delay, and total treatment delay, respectively. Distance more than 2.5 km from TB treatment health facility [AOR = 1.6, 95% CI (1.1–2.5)] and the presence of TB-associated stigma [AOR = 2.1, 95% CI (1.3, 3.4)] indicate higher odds of patient delay, whereas, being unemployed, patients with the hemoptysis symptom complain indicated lower odds of health care system delay [AOR = 0.41, 95% CI (0.24, 0.70)] and [AOR = 0.61 (0.39, 0.94)], respectively. Conclusions. A significant proportion of clients experienced patient and health care system delay. Thus, there is a need for designing and implementing appropriate strategies to decrease the delays. Efforts to reduce delays should give focus on integrating prevention programs such as active case detection and expanding access to TB care.
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Tolosie, Kabtamu, and M. K. Sharma. "Application of Cox Proportional Hazards Model in Case of Tuberculosis Patients in Selected Addis Ababa Health Centres, Ethiopia." Tuberculosis Research and Treatment 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/536976.
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Introduction. Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious disease and mainly caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). It has been one of the major causes of mortality in Ethiopia. The objective of the study was to identify factors that affect the survival of the patients with tuberculosis who started treatment for tuberculosis.Methods. This was a retrospective study in six randomly selected health centres in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The data were obtained from medical records of TB patients registered from September 2012 to August 2013 and treated under directly observed treatment surgery (DOTS) strategy. Kaplan Meier plots, logrank tests, and Wilcoxon tests were used to assess the survival pattern. Cox proportional hazards model for multivariable analysis was discussed.Results. Out of the total 826 registered TB patients, 105 (12.71%) died during the study period and 712 (87.29%) were censored. Based on Kaplan Meier survival curves, logrank test, and Wilcoxon test, it was found that the patients had statistically significant differences in survival experience with respect to age, body weight at initiation of treatment, TB patient category, and HIV status. Multivariable Cox hazards regression analysis revealed that the covariates age, TB patient category, HIV, and age by HIV interaction were significant risk factors associated with death status in TB patients.Conclusion. Deaths of individuals with diseases especially HIV coinfected and nonnew TB cases were high. Therefore, this needs to strengthen the follow-up of patients with TB treatment from the day of anti-TB treatment initiation to completion days.
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Yimam, Alewiya, Aklil Hailu, Rajalakshmi Murugan, and Tigistu Gebretensaye. "Prevalence of diabetic foot ulcer and associated factors among diabetic patient in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences 14 (2021): 100285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijans.2021.100285.
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Abate, Ayalew, Dessie Abebaw, Addis Birhanu, Aemero Zerihun, and Dawit Assefa. "Prevalence and Associated Factors of Violence against Hospital Staff at Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Psychiatry Journal 2019 (November 5, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3642408.
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Background. Violence at the workplace has become an alarming phenomenon worldwide. The real size of the problem is largely unknown and recent information shows that the current knowledge is only the tip of the iceberg. The enormous cost of violence at the workplace for person and community at large is becoming more apparent. It could be physical, sexual, and verbal in nature and could be actual or threatened. Objectives. To access prevalence and associated factors of violence against hospital staff at Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods. An institution based cross-sectional study was employed in 2017. The data were collected using Workplace Violence in the Health Sector Country Case Study Questionnaire from 496 participants. Participants had been selected using simple random sampling technique and data were collected using a self-administered structured questionnaire. The collected data were entered into Epi-data version 3.1, and SPSS version 21 was used for Analysis. Binary logistic regression was fitted to identify factors associated with the outcome variable. Result. From 496 staff intended to have participated in this study, complete data were obtained from 435, making a response rate of 87.7%. This research showed high prevalence of violence and we have got that staff had been exposed to physical violence 36.8%, verbal violence 62.1%, and sexual violence 21.8 % over the past year, respectively. Age, sex, and contact with the patient were statistically significant variables (p<0.05). Conclusion and Recommendation. According to this study, majority of AMSH staff were violated by the patient they care.
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Dejenie Habtewold, Tesfa, Yosef Tsige Radie, and Nigussie Tadesse Sharew. "Prevalence of Depression among Type 2 Diabetic Outpatients in Black Lion General Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Depression Research and Treatment 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/184902.
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Background.The emotional consequences of diabetes have been scrutinized by a number of investigative teams and there are varying reports about the association of depression with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, there is limited data about this in Ethiopia. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of comorbid depression among type 2 diabetic outpatients.Methods and Materials.Institution based cross-sectional study design was conducted on a random sample of 276 type 2 diabetic outpatients from Black Lion General Specialized Hospital. Systematic random sampling technique was used to get these individual patients from 920 type 2 diabetic outpatients who have an appointment during the data collection period. Patients’ depression status was measured using Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ 9).Result.Totally 264 type 2 diabetic outpatients were interviewed with a response rate of 95.6%. The prevalence of depression among type 2 diabetic outpatients was 13%. Based on PHQ 9 score, 28.4% (75) fulfilled the criteria for mild depression, 12.1% (32) for moderate depression, 2.7% (7) for moderately severe depression, and 1.5% (4) for severe depression. But 45.8% (121) of patients had no clinically significant depression.Conclusion.This study demonstrated that depression is a common comorbid health problem in type 2 diabetic outpatients with a prevalence rate of 13%.
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Mussie, Kirubel Manyazewal, Christoph Gradmann, and Tsegahun Manyazewal. "Bridging the gap between policy and practice: a qualitative analysis of providers’ field experiences tinkering with directly observed therapy in patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." BMJ Open 10, no. 6 (June 2020): e035272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035272.
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ObjectivesDrug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is one of the major public health threats in low-income countries such as Ethiopia. It is intertwined with larger socioeconomic and political factors that complicate its management and control. Whether directly observed therapy (DOT) is serving its purpose—better patient adherence and treatment outcome—still remains a debatable issue. To contribute to this discussion, this study explored health workers’ field experiences tinkering with DOT in patients with DR-TB in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.DesignA qualitative study using in-depth interviews and focus group discussion.SettingTen public healthcare facilities: eight health centres at Addis Ababa Health Bureau level and two TB-specialised hospitals at the Federal Health Bureau level in Ethiopia.Participants18 healthcare providers working with DR-TB patients.ResultsThree findings emerged from the analysis. First, the purpose of DOT is to ensure that patients go to healthcare facilities and swallow pills under the observation of a healthcare provider. Thus, its rigid application could lead to the emergence of more DR-TB. Second, DOT should be tinkered with and its practice improved by incorporating more counselling and health education, with more flexibility towards, and attentiveness of, patient context. Third, there exists a family-like patient-provider relationship, and providers do understand their patients and empathise with them to provide better healthcare services.ConclusionIf rigidly implemented, DOT could lead to more DR-TB—a problem DOT was invented to resolve. Front-line healthcare providers are sensitive to the tragic experiences of DR-TB patients and empathise with them. Thus, they do not strictly implement DOT and are willing to take any blame resulting from tinkering with it. It is high time to shape the practice of DOT for DR-TB patients, with meaningful contributions from front-line healthcare providers.
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Alemayehu, T., E. Mekonnen, and G. Beedemariam. "Practice of over-the-counter dispensary of antibiotics for childhood illnesses in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A simulated patient encounter study." International Journal of Infectious Diseases 101 (December 2020): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.257.
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Tesfaye, Siranesh, Nigussie Debencho, Teresa Kisi, and Minale Tareke. "Prevalence of Antipsychotic Polypharmacy and Associated Factors among Outpatients with Schizophrenia Attending Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Psychiatry Journal 2016 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6191074.
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Background.Despite recommendations by guidelines to avoid combinations of antipsychotics unless after multiple trials of antipsychotic monotherapy, it is quite a common practice to use combinations. This practice leads to unnecessary expenses and exposes the patient to severe drug adverse effects.Methods. An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to May 2014. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select 423 study subjects. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify associated factors of antipsychotic polypharmacy among schizophrenia outpatients.Result. The overall prevalence of antipsychotic polypharmacy was found to be 28.2%. Extra pyramidal side effects (AOR = 2.80; 95% CI: 1.38, 5.71), repeated psychiatric hospitalization (AOR = 2.83; 95% CI: 1.45, 5.50), history of substance use (AOR = 2.82; 95% CI: 1.36, 5.88), longer duration of treatment (AOR = 2.10; 95% CI: 1.14, 3.87), and drug nonadherence (AOR = 1.84; 95% CI: 1.14, 2.98) were found to be significantly associated with antipsychotic polypharmacy.Conclusion. Prevalence of antipsychotic polypharmacy was found to be high among the current study participants. Individuals who had extra pyramidal side effects, admission, substance use, duration of treatment, and drug nonadherence were associated with antipsychotic polypharmacy.
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Aynalem, Getasew A., Tadesse A. Bekele, and Feven A. Alemayehu. "Drug use evaluation of vancomycin at medical ward of Yekatit 12, hospital medical college, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2018." International Journal of Scientific Reports 6, no. 10 (September 21, 2020): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20204029.
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<p class="Default"><strong>Background:</strong> Drug use evaluation is an ongoing systematic process designed to maintain the appropriate medication during & after dispensing in order to assure appropriate therapeutic decision making and positive patient outcome.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> An institutional based cross-sectional study design was conducted to analyze drug use of vancomycin by using medication charts and medical note of patients that were admitted in the medical ward of Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Patients who were admitted from medical ward and whose age were ≥18 years were eligible provided that they take Vancomycin during the study period were included and Patients with medical records of insufficient or illegible information’s were excluded. Structured check list was used for data collection, and the sample size was 169. Convenience sampling technique was used.</p><p><strong> Results:</strong><strong> </strong>Among 169 patients 136 (80.5%) had empiric treatments, the remaining 33 (19.5%) had specific treatments. Among 169 patients 61 (36.1%) had Infection during his/her stay in hospital of which 47 (77%) were hospital acquired pneumonia, 169 patients 39 (23.08%) had Vancomycin indication for hospital acquired pneumonia followed by 21 (12.4%), 21 (12.4%), meningitis and PCP respectively. The finding indicated that only 135 (79.9%) were appropriate regarding frequency, 124 (73.4%) were appropriate regarding dose, 104 (61.6%) were appropriate regarding duration, and the appropriate indication were only 128 (75.7%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong><strong> </strong>Vancomycine was mostly indicated as empiric therapy and only 135 (79.9%) were appropriately prescribed with respect to frequency, 128 (75.7%) were appropriate regarding indication and 124 (73.4%) were appropriate regarding to dose, 104 (61.6%) were appropriate regarding to duration. All physicians should prescribe drugs according to the guidelines.</p>
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Bigelow, Benjamin, Dawit N. Desalegn, Joshua A. Salomon, and Stéphane Verguet. "Modelling hospital operations: insight from using data from paper registries in the obstetrics ward at a hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." BMJ Global Health 4, no. 3 (May 2019): e001281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2018-001281.
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In the Ethiopian health system, operations management techniques have been underutilised. Although previous research has outlined limitations of paper-based patient records, few studies have examined their potential utility for improving management of hospital operations. In this paper, we used data collected from paper registries in an Ethiopian obstetrics ward at Addis Ababa’s Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia’s largest university hospital, to model the ward’s operations. First, we attempted to identify predictors of lengthy stays and readmissions among women giving birth: few predictors were deemed significant. Second, time series methods for demand forecasting were applied to the data and evaluated with several error metrics, and these forecasts were improvements over baseline methods. We conclude with recommendations on how the obstetrics ward could incorporate our modelling approaches into their daily operations.
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Chafi, Yohannes Kifle, Tadele Amare, Kelemua Haile, Woynabeba Damene, Getaneh Tesfaye, and Woredaw Minichil. "Prevalence and correlates of job loss among schizophrenia outpatients at St. AmanuelMental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; cross sectional study." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 28, 2020): e0242352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242352.
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Background Job loss in patient with chronic illness like schizophrenia is the most serious public concern in the clinical and socio-economic terms worldwide. Patients with schizophrenia usually have unsatisfactory job termination like quitting or getting fired which results well-established negative outcomes. The complex interplay between one another has made job and mental illness the focus areas. In the developing nations, there is limited study on these areas in spite of higher rates of job loss. Objectives This study aimed to assess the prevalence and correlates of job loss among schizophrenia outpatient units in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted at Saint Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital among schizophrenia outpatient units in Addis Ababa from May to June 2018. A total of 421 study subjects were interviewed using Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and Perceived devaluation and discrimination scale. Out of the total study participants, female populations were slightly higher (50.4%) and the majorities (38.6%) were orthodox religion followers. Study characteristics was summarized using descriptive statistics and bi-variable and multivariable analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Science version 24. Furthermore, those factors at p value ≤ 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Results The prevalence of job loss among patients with schizophrenia was 37.3%. Factors including unmarried [AOR = 2.42:95% CI (1.28, 4.54)], divorced [AOR = 2.34: 95% CI (1.16, 4.71)], severe positive symptoms [AOR = 2.03: 95% CI (1.15, 3.60)], severe general psychopathology [AOR = 1.76: 95% CI (1.01, 3.08)], and poor level of social and occupational functioning [AOR = 5.05: 95% CI (2.81, 9.09)] were significantly associated with job loss among schizophrenia people. Conclusion This study suggested that job loss among schizophrenia outpatients was high. There was significant association among people with unmarried, divorced, severe positive symptoms, poor functionality and higher general psychopathology. Therefore, clinical and psychosocial factors were responsible for job loss which warrant further attention and investigation.
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Yeshanew, Addisu Gize, Rozina Ambachew Geremew, and Melkayehu Kassa Temesgen. "Assessments of patient and health care workers satisfaction on the laboratory services in St. Paul’s hospital millennium medical college, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." International Journal of Scientific Reports 3, no. 7 (June 30, 2017): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20173090.
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<p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Background:</span></strong>Satisfaction is one of the meaningful indicators of users’ experience of health care services in general and laboratory service in particular. Understanding the level of this satisfaction in public laboratory service is the most important for the improvement of health care delivery in any country at large. The aim of this study was to assess level of patient and health care workers satisfaction on the laboratory services in St. Paul’s hospital millennium medical college, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia<span lang="EN-US">. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Methods:</span></strong><span lang="EN-US"> A cross sectional study was conducted from May 1 to 30, 2016 in St. Paul’s hospital millennium medical college. Data were collected using structured questionnaire, through face to face interview, entered to Epi-Info version 5.3.1 and exported to SPSS version 20.0 for analysis. </span>Satisfaction score was calculated by using Likert’s five scale giving a value of 1 for poor satisfaction level up to a value of 5 for excellent. Chi-square tests were employed and P-value less than 0.05 considered as statistically significance. </p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Results:</span></strong><span lang="EN-US"> The findings of the study showed that the overall satisfactions level with the laboratory services in the hospital were 55.9% for the patient and 60% for health care workers. </span>Satisfaction was reported to be highest (74.2%) on the hospitability of laboratory professionals to their patients, from patient satisfaction level and (73.8%) with the language of laboratory professional communication skills to their patient from health care worker satisfaction<span lang="EN-US">.</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Conclusions:</span></strong>The study showed that low satisfaction level rate laboratory service in both the patient and health care workers. Therefore, the hospital laboratory director and managers consider these service areas in order to solve the identified problems. </p>
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Asrat, Yidnekachew, Dawit Kebede Huluka, Nebiyu Getachew, Hiluf Abate Abule, Hiruy Araya, Bethelehem Tadesse, Negussie Deyessa, Deborah A. Haisch, Neil W. Schluger, and Charles B. Sherman. "Awake prone positioning for COVID-19 patients at Eka Kotebe General Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A prospective cohort study." Journal of the Pan African Thoracic Society 2 (May 25, 2021): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/jpats_3_2021.
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Objectives: The objectives of the study were to evaluate the benefit of awake prone positioning in COVID-19 patients hospitalized at Eka Kotebe General Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Materials and Methods: Consecutive patients with COVID-19 who require supplemental oxygen to maintain oxygen saturation of ≥90% during the month of October 2020 were enrolled. Structured questionnaires were employed to collect data. Admission oxygen saturation was recorded for each patient before and after their first proning session. Analysis of descriptive and comparison statistics was done using SPSS version 25. Results: A total of 61 patients were included in the study. The mean age (+SD) for the cohort was 55.4 (+16.9) years. The average duration of proning was 5+2.5 h/session and 8+6 h/day. The average oxygen saturation before proning was 89% (SD 5.2) and 93% (SD 2.8) 1 h after proning (P < 0.001); supplemental oxygen requirements significantly decreased with prone ventilation, before proning: FiO2 0.33 (+0.14) versus 1 h after prone ventilation: FiO2 0.31 (+0.13) (P < 0.001). Oxygen improvement with prone ventilation was not associated with duration of illness or total prone position hours. When assessed at 28 days after admission, 55.7% (n = 34) had been discharged home, 1.6% (n = 1) had died, and 42.6 (n = 26) were still hospitalized. Conclusion: Awake prone positioning demonstrated improved oxygen saturation in our oxygen requiring COVID-19 patients. Even though further studies are needed to support causality and determine the effect of proning on disease severity and mortality, early institution of prone ventilation in appropriate oxygen requiring COVID-19 patients should be encouraged.
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Tariku, Mandaras, Tilahun Ali, Tadesse Misgana, Mohammedamin Hajure, and Henock Asfaw. "Depression among Patients with Schizophrenia in Ethiopian Mental Health Hospital: Association with Sociodemographic and Clinical Variables: A Cross-Sectional Study." Depression Research and Treatment 2021 (February 9, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6697339.
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Background. Depression is a significant contributor to the global burden of disease and affects all individuals throughout their lifetime. Patients with schizophrenia are frequently attacked by depression during their total illness duration. Presence of comorbid depression in schizophrenia makes the patients more deteriorating and disabling course and poor outcome. Aim of the Study. To determine the prevalence of depression and highlight the associated sociodemographic and clinical factors in patients with schizophrenia in a specialized hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Setting. This study was conducted at Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods. An institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted from May to June 2018. Depression was measured by Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia on 455 samples of patient with schizophrenia and systematic sampling was used to select the study participants. Oslo Social Support Scale and Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test were used to assess social support and substance use factors, respectively. A bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis model was performed to control the confounding factors. Odds ratio (OR) with the corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was determined to evaluate the strength of association. Results. A total of 445 patients responded to the questionnaire, which yields a response rate of 97.8%. The Magnitude of depression among schizophrenia patients was 24.9%. A multivariable logistic regression analysis model showed that being female [AOR 2.00, 95% CI: 1.25-3.18], divorced/widowed [AOR 2.39, 95% CI: 1.04-5.49], current substance use [AOR 1.95, 95% CI: 1.17-3.25], and poor social support [AOR 2.75, 95% CI: 1.35-5.61] were significantly associated with depression in schizophrenia. Conclusion. The magnitude of depression among schizophrenia was 24.9%. Being female, divorced/widowed, current substance use, and poor social support were associated with depression among patients with schizophrenia. Regular screening and prompt management of depressive symptoms among patients with schizophrenia is of particular importance to reduce the burden of the condition.
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Assen, Hussien Endris, Anissa Mohammed Hassen, Ananya Abate, and Bikis Liyew. "Preoperative Fasting Time and Its Association with Hypoglycemia during Anesthesia in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Elective Procedures at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." BioMed Research International 2021 (July 14, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9166603.
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Background. Preoperative fasting is important to reduce the risk of pulmonary aspiration during anesthesia. The influence of prolonged fasting time on glucose levels during anesthesia in children remains uncertain. Therefore, this study is aimed at assessing preoperative fasting time and its association with hypoglycemia during anesthesia in pediatric patients undergoing elective procedures at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The research hypothesis of the study is as follows: there is a prolonged preoperative fasting time, and it influences the glucose levels during anesthesia among pediatric patients undergoing elective procedures at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods. Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted among 258 pediatric patients who had undergone elective procedures in a tertiary care center. A systematic sampling method was used to select study participants. The data were collected through face-to-face interviews and medical record reviews. Binary logistic regression was used to identify associated factors of hypoglycemia during anesthesia among pediatric patients undergoing elective procedures. All explanatory variables with a p value of ≤0.25 from the bivariable logistic regression model were fitted into the multivariable logistic regression model to control the possible effect of confounders, and finally, the variables which had an independent association with hypoglycemia were identified based on adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval, and a p value less than 0.05 was significant. Results. The mean (standard deviation) fasting hours from breast milk, solid foods, and clear fluids were 7.75 (2.89), 13.25 (3.14), and 12.31 (3.22), respectively. The majority (89.9%, 57.9%, and 100%) of participants had fasted from solid, breast milk, and clear fluids for more than 8, 6, and 4 hours, respectively. More than one-fourth (26.2%) of participants were hypoglycemic immediately after induction. Residence, order of nothing per mouth, source of patient, and duration of fasting from solid foods had a significant association with hypoglycemia during anesthesia in children. Conclusion. Children undergoing elective procedures were exposed to unnecessarily long fasting times which were associated with hypoglycemia during anesthesia.
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erku, Daniel asfaw, Abebe basazn Mekurie, Abdrrahman Surrur, and Begashaw melaku Gebresillassie. "Extent of dispensing prescription-only medications without a prescription in community drug retail outlets in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a simulated-patient study." Drug, Healthcare and Patient Safety Volume 8 (July 2016): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/dhps.s106948.
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Goben, Kebebew Wogi, Endalamaw Salelew Abegaz, and Samuel Tolesa Abdi. "Patient satisfaction and associated factors among psychiatry outpatients of St Paulo’s Hospital, Ethiopia." General Psychiatry 33, no. 1 (January 2020): e100120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gpsych-2019-100120.
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BackgroundPatient satisfaction with mental healthcare service is recognised as an important integral part of measuring the outcomes and performance of clinical service delivery. It is not well studied in Ethiopia. Therefore, it is essential to improve service in the future.AimsTo assess patient satisfaction and associated factors among psychiatry outpatients at St. Paulo’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.MethodsAn institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted with consecutive sampling technique from May to June 2018. Data were collected using a Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ-8). Both bivariate and multivariate ordinal logistic regression analyses were used. Variables with p value <0.05 at multivariate analysis were considered statistically significant.ResultsA total of 589 participants were enrolled with a response rate of 98.2%. In regard to the magnitude of patient satisfaction, 50.3% (95% CI 46.0 to 54.2) were highly satisfied, 31.0% (95% CI 27.2 to 34.8) were satisfied, and 18.7% (95% CI 15.4 to 22.1) were dissatisfied. Male sex (adjusted OR (AOR) 2.30, 95% CI 1.57 to 3.36), inability to read and write (AOR 2.23, 95% CI 1.10 to 4.66), being unemployed (AOR 1.69, 95% CI 1.15 to 2.47), obtaining services for free (AOR 1.57, 95% CI 1.11 to 2.22), and availability of medication (AOR 1.62, 95% CI 1.13 to 2.23) were significantly associated with patient satisfaction.ConclusionsThe study showed that further improvements in patient satisfaction are required. Male sex, inability to read and write, being unemployed, obtaining services free of charge, and availability of medication were significantly associated with patient satisfaction. More than half of the participants were dissatisfied with the waiting time to receive services. The provision of services within a reasonable timeframe and meeting patient expectations are helpful for good health outcomes.
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Dellie, Seife Teferi, and A. Durga Prasada Rao. "SUGGESTED DIAGNOSTIC REFERENCE LEVELS FOR MAMMOGRAPHY X‑RAY EXAMINATION IN ETHIOPIA." Indian Journal of Medical Sciences 68, no. 1 (October 10, 2016): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.0019-5359.indianjmedsci20163529.
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<p><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong> A diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) form an efficient, concise, and powerful standard for optimizing the radiation protection of a patient. OBJECTIVES: To establish the first Ethiopian mammography diagnostic reference level (DRL) as a part of ongoing dose reduction program. <strong>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</strong> A cross‑sectional study was conducted on breast patients having compressed breast thickness (CBT) between 3.7 cm to 5.3 cm in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Five mammographic units and 755 mammograms were included in the study period. The mean glandular dose (MGD) was assessed for standard size breast substituted by different polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) phantoms and imaged under typical clinical conditions in two mammography units. Peak kilo voltage (kVp) and entrance surface air kerma (ESAK) were measured using calibrated digital dosimeter Mult‑O‑Meter Unfors, model 535L, Sweden. The data were analyzed statistically. <strong>RESULT:</strong> The 3rd quartile value of all mammography units and that of private mammography units were found to be 2.37 and 1.73 milligray (mGy), respectively. Hospitals 3rd quartile values of MGD ranges between 1.57 to 7.21 mGy. The MDG based on 4.0 cm polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) measurements was found to be 1.5 mGy. <strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> Both phantom and patient dose values indicated unnecessary high doses in one government mammography unit. For this mammography unit, urgent dose‑reduction measures and follow‑up actions were recommended. </p>
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Seyoum, Berhanu, Meaza Demissie, Alemayehu Worku, Shiferaw Bekele, and Abraham Aseffa. "Prevalence and Drug Resistance Patterns ofMycobacterium tuberculosisamong New Smear Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Eastern Ethiopia." Tuberculosis Research and Treatment 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/753492.
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The study aimed at determining the prevalence and drug resistance patterns ofMycobacterium tuberculosisamong new smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients visiting TB diagnosis and treatment facilities at selected health facilities in eastern Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2011 and May 2013. A total of 408 new adult pulmonary TB patients (≥ 18 years) were enrolled in this study. Three consecutive sputum samples (spot, morning, and spot) were collected from each patient and transported to the Armauer Hansen Research Institute TB laboratory located in Addis Ababa for culture on Lowenstein Jensen slant media. DST was performed on 357 (87.5%) of the patient samples for isoniazid (H), rifampicin (R), ethambutol (E), and streptomycin (S) using the standard proportion method. The rate of resistance to any one drug was 23%. Any resistance to H, S, R, and E was 14%, 11.5%, 2.8%, and 0.3%, respectively. The highest proportion of monoresistance was observed against H (9.5%). MDRTB was detected in 1.1% of the patients. Any drug resistance was associated with HIV infection (COR = 3.7, 95% CI 1.905–7.222) (P= 0.000). Although the prevalence of MDRTB is relatively low in the study area, high prevalence of H resistance is a serious concern demanding close monitoring. Expanding diagnostic capacity for mycobacterial culture and DST is a vital step in this regard.
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Fekede, Mulualem S., and Wosenyeleh A. Sahile. "Magnitude and associated factors of Perioperative hypothermia in patients who underwent Elective surgery at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." International Journal of Medical Science and Clinical invention 6, no. 2 (February 28, 2019): 4332–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijmsci/v6i2.10.
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Background : Body temperature is a vital sign and 37°C is the mean core body temperature of a healthy human. Core body temperature is normally tightly regulated and maintained within narrow range. Perioperative hypothermia is one of the major problems during surgery and anesthesia that can affect operated patients. Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted. Patient interview, chart review and temperature measurement were employed for data collection. Temperature was measured using tympanic membrane thermometer. SPSS version 20 software was used for analysis. binary logistic regression was used to look at associations anda p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Result :The overall magnitude of preoperative, intra and post-operative hypothermia in this study was 16.2%, 53.2% and 31.3%, respectively. Age (AOR=7.15, 95% CI, 1.16, 43.99), coexisting illness (AOR, 3.32, 95% CI, 1.06; 10.36), preoperative hypothermia (AOR; 57; 95% CI; 7.1, 455.4), operation room temperature (AOR=1.91; 95 % CI, 1.04; 3.5) and crystalloid fluids administered (AOR; 2.3; 95% CI, 1.07, 4.9) were found to be factors associated with intraoperative hypothermia.
Conclusion and recommendation: The magnitude of perioperative hypothermia remains high. Measures should focus on improving room temperature and warming up fluids. Susceptible patients like the aged and those with coexisting disease should be given extra attention.