Academic literature on the topic 'Patient confidentiality; Medical ethics'

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Journal articles on the topic "Patient confidentiality; Medical ethics"

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Niveau, Gerard, Sandra Burkhardt, and Sarah Chiesa. "Medical confidentiality and the competent patient." Journal of Medical Ethics 39, no. 11 (January 7, 2013): 686–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2012-100947.

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Waddington, Ivan, Andrea Scott-Bell, and Dominic Malcolm. "The social management of medical ethics in sport: confidentiality in English professional football." International Review for the Sociology of Sport 54, no. 6 (October 9, 2017): 649–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1012690217733678.

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This paper examines one of the major ethical challenges in the practice of sports medicine, confidentiality. Drawing on interview and questionnaire data with doctors and physiotherapists working in English professional football clubs, it explores the degree to which ethical compliance has improved since the publication of, and publicity surrounding, an earlier study of medical practice in professional football conducted by Waddington and Roderick. Thus, it provides an updated empirical examination of the management of medical ethics in sport. The data illustrate how the physical and social environmental constraints of sports medicine practice impinge upon the protection of athlete-patient confidentiality, how ethical codes and conflicting obligations converge to shape clinician behaviour in relation to lifestyle and injury issues, and the ethically problematic contractual constraints under which clinicians and athletes operate. It demonstrates that medical ethical practice continues to be very variable and draws on Freidson’s work on medical ‘work settings’ to argue that there is a need to augment existing confidentiality policies with more structurally oriented approaches to ensure both professional autonomy and medical ethical compliance in sport.
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Choong, Kartina Aisha, and Jeanne Pia Mifsud Bonnici. "Posthumous Medical Confidentiality." European Journal of Comparative Law and Governance 1, no. 2 (May 12, 2014): 106–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134514-00102002.

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This paper reflects on the balancing of public interests that needs to be undertaken under English law when dealing with posthumous medical confidentiality. Until 2007, doctors were bound only by professional codes of ethics to maintain confidentiality after their patients’ death. In 2008, the High Court stated that it is arguable that confidentiality applies in the post-mortem context. This, it claimed, is in the public interest. The court then followed the ecthr in using the same basis – public interest – to accept that there may be exceptions to this duty. This paper considers different situations where multiple interests come together for and against the posthumous disclosure of medical information. This examination suggests that there is considerable uncertainty caused by using one notion of public interest to justify confidentiality, and another to make the case for disclosure. It calls for the legislator to intervene to help resolve the conundrum.
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Aacharya, Ramesh P., and Yagya L. Shakya. "Knowledge, attitude and practice of medical ethics among medical intern students in a Medical College in Kathmandu." Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 6, no. 3 (May 6, 2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bioethics.v6i3.27613.

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This baseline study was conducted to find out the knowledge, attitudes and practices of medical ethics among the undergraduate medical interns who did not have structured ethics curriculum in their course. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out using a self-administered structured questionnaire among the medical undergraduate interns of Maharajgunj Medical Campus, the pioneer medical college of Nepal which enrols 60 students in a year. A total of 46 interns participated in the study. The most common source of knowledge on ethics was lectures/seminars (35.7%) followed by experience at work (24.5%), training (21.4%) and own reading (17.3%). The main contents of Hippocratic Oath were known to 98.8% while 60.9% knew the main contents of Nepal Medical Council (NMC) code of ethics. Great majority (91.3%) regard ethics as very important in medical profession. “Doctors know the best irrespective of patients’ opinion” was disagreed by only 39.1% indicating the paternalistic attitude. However, 78.3% were in favour of adhering to the patient’s wish. None of the participant agreed to abandon confidentiality. Only about one-fourth (26.1%) claim to encounter ethical dilemma every day while the highest number (43.5%) had once in a month. To deal with the situation of ethical dilemma, majority approached to immediate supervisor followed by head of the department and colleagues. Eighty-seven percent of participating interns were involved in research activities involving human subjects. Only one of the participants had encountered the ethical issue on end-of-life and it was do-not-resuscitate consent in a terminally ill patient. On implementation of the curriculum on medical ethics focus should be - principles of biomedical ethics, sensitive ethical dilemmas like end-of-life care and practical experiences with participation in deliberations of the ethics committee.
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Cosyns, P. "Medical ethics and the judicial coerced treatment of sexual abusers." European Psychiatry 13, S3 (1998): 121s—124s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(98)80043-6.

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SummaryThe increasing demand for judicial coerced treatment of sexual abusers constitutes a new challenge for mental health professionals. The discussed controversial ethical issues are the influence of coercion on the treatment, the motivation of patient as well as therapist, confidentiality and hormonal treatment. Social control is not the primary concern of therapists and any treatment must be beneficial to the individual patient. The coerced treatment of sexual abusers requests an agreement between psychiatric and judicial authorities with respect for their respective professional ethics.
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Boulliat, Caroline, Gilles Melki, François Targe, and Bernard Massoubre. "Ethics and confidentiality of a patient in a medical biology laboratory." Annales de Biologie Clinique 78, no. 6 (December 2020): 665–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1684/abc.2020.1597.

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Kamran, Maha, Sarah Arif, and Sameen Ejaz. "Professional Secrecy And Privileged Communication In Medical Practice." Pakistan Journal of Surgery and Medicine 1, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 72–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.37978/pjsm.v1i1.99.

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A medical professional has the faith and confidence of society in him/her. It is his utmost duty and responsibility to uphold the ethical standards of confidentiality, set forth in the Hippocratic Oath, the Declaration of Geneva, the International Code of Medical Ethics and the World Health Organization. Communication between the physician and his patient is privileged. This information can only be divulged, in part, under special circumstances.
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Sykes, Leanne M., and Elmine Crafford. "Consent and confidentiality in children." South African Dental Journal 75, no. 8 (September 30, 2020): 462–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2519-0105/2020/v75no8a9.

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Confidentiality is central to the establishment and preservation of trust between a doctor and their patient, yet is one of the lesser-discussed principles of medical bio-ethics. A "duty of confidence arises when one person discloses information to another in circumstances where it is reasonable to expect that information to be held in confidence".1 Its moral basis is in that it should improve patient welfare, and as such, it is encompassed during all aspects of the treatment process, beginning with the initial consultation where patient autonomy and informed consent are first addressed.
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Maixner, Andrew H., and Karine Morin. "Confidentiality of Health Information Postmortem." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 125, no. 9 (September 1, 2001): 1189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2001-125-1189-cohip.

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Abstract Context.—Recent discussions of health care privacy have prompted new concerns over the control of private health information after a patient's death. The importance of confidentiality protections postmortem is compounded as genetic technologies and research capabilities advance and public interest in this information increases. Objective.—The Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs of the American Medical Association developed this report to guide physicians in the management of patients' health information postmortem. Participants.—This report was developed by the 9 physician members of the Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs with the assistance of staff from the Ethics Standards Group at the American Medical Association. Evidence.—Literature searches in the MEDLINE and BIOETHICSLINE databases using the search terms postmortem and health information qualified with confidentiality or privacy yielded a combined total of 129 references. Additional references were culled from policies of a number of health care organizations. Consensus Process.—The Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs solicited suggestions from the federation of state medical and specialty societies before drafting this report. A copy of the report was sent to the College of American Pathologists for comment. It was then adopted by a majority vote of the House of Delegates of the American Medical Association. Conclusions.—The report emphasizes the importance of maintaining confidentiality for information held within a deceased patient's medical record. However, these protections are subject to certain exceptions. Confidentiality can be upheld when such information is used for educational or research purposes by removing individual identifiers. For disclosures in which the identity of the deceased patient is known, a number of considerations are provided to assess when disclosure would be ethically permissible.
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Büken, Erhan, Serap Sahinoğlu, and Nüket Örnek Büken. "Statutory Disclosure in Article 280 of the Turkish Penal Code." Nursing Ethics 13, no. 6 (November 2006): 573–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733006069693.

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A new Turkish Penal Code came into effect on 1 June 2005. Article 280 concerns health care workers’ failure to report a crime. This article removes the responsibility from health care workers to maintain confidentiality, but also removes patients’ right to confidentiality. It provides for up to one year of imprisonment for a health care worker who, while on duty, finds an indication that a crime might have been committed by a patient and who does not inform the responsible authorities about it. This forces the health care worker to divulge the patient’s confidential information. A patient who thinks he or she may be accused of a crime may therefore not seek medical help, which is the universal right of every person. The article is therefore contrary to medical ethics, oaths taken by physicians and nurses, and the understanding of patient confidentiality.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Patient confidentiality; Medical ethics"

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Tamin, Jacques. "The doctor-patient relationship, confidentiality and consent in occupational medicine : ethics and ethical guidance." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-doctorpatient-relationship-confidentiality-and-consent-in-occupational-medicine-ethics-and-ethical-guidance(586107a4-ffe5-40be-ad19-acb9d329d732).html.

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This thesis seeks to examine the ethical basis for occupational medicine, as it is practised in the United Kingdom (UK). There is empirical evidence of occupational physicians being confused with regard to confidentiality and consent, and variations in their practice. It is argued that the ethical guidance from the General Medical Council and the Faculty of Occupational Medicine on these matters, contributes significantly to such confusion. The doctor-patient relationship, consent for disclosure of a medical report, and medical confidentiality, all in the context of occupational medicine practice, are explored. These issues are addressed in the core part of this thesis in the form of the three published papers. In the first paper, the doctor-patient relationship in occupational medical practice is reviewed, and it becomes apparent that in the UK, the occupational physician carries out different roles and functions, ranging from duties that mirror those of a therapeutic encounter, to those that require the occupational physician to be completely independent for the purposes of a particular type of assessment (for ill-health retirement). The former is compatible with the assumption of a fiduciary relationship between doctor and patient, whereas in the latter situation, it would be incongruous to expect the doctor to be independent and owe the patient a “duty of undivided loyalty” simultaneously. In the second paper, consent for disclosure of information, in particular a medical report, is distinguished from the “informed consent” for treatment or interventional research, and the phrase “permission to disclose” is proposed for the disclosure situations. Although this distinction may not have much significance in therapeutic practice, the output of virtually all occupational physician activities results in the writing of a report, so this difference between the two “consents” has greater relevance. The third paper reviews the ethical, and in particular, legal basis for medical confidentiality with reference to an independently commissioned report. In such a situation, UK courts have been consistent in stating that disclosure of such a report to the commissioning party does not breach confidentiality, and no further consent for such disclosure is required. This conflicts with ethical guidance to occupational physicians on this matter. Such conflict between the law and ethical guidance are a further, and important, source of ethical confusion for occupational physicians. Indeed, a common theme through the three papers is that ethical guidance to occupational physicians is in parts either incongruent, incoherent, or conceptually flawed. This may not be surprising, as current ethical guidance is predicated on a doctor-patient relationship that exists in the usual setting for most doctor-patient encounters, that is, the therapeutic setting. It seems unreasonable to expect that simply transposing such an ethical paradigm into a different setting, with dissimilar roles and obligations, could work in a seamless manner. The occupational physicians’ ethical confusion thus reflects the confusion in their ethical guidance.
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Bond, Tim. "HIV counselling : ethical issues in an emerging professional role." Thesis, Durham University, 1998. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/985/.

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The development of HIV counselling has been one of the major public policy innovations in response to the challenges posed by HIV and AIDS in Britain. This research, using a participative and qualitative methodology, examines how HIV counsellors have conceptualised their approach to the ethical issues associated with their innovatory role. The research takes an overview of two separate phases of fieldwork conducted in 1990 and 1994. The first phase concentrated on establishing the background of self-identified HIV counsellors and how they related to the wider counselling movement which had already developed a distinctive ethic founded on respect for individual autonomy. Their general identification with the wider counselling movement raised issues how this ethic could govern their work with clients affected by HIV. The second phase concentrated on the management of confidentiality within multidisciplinary teams. The results of the research are set within the wider ethical and socio-historical context of AIDS policy development in Britain and explore changes in how HIV counsellors conceptualise ethical issues in the local context of their work. The methodology is that of `descriptive ethical inquiry' accompanied by examination of how this type of inquiry relates to moral philosophy and social sciences. The method of participative research adopted is consultative and careful consideration is given to how this type of research relates to comparable procedures used in the production of professional codes of ethics.
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Farges, Eric. "Dynamique professionnelle et transformations de l’action publique : Reformer l’organisation des soins dans les prisons françaises : les tentatives de spécialisation de la « médecine pénitentiaire » (1970-1994)." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO20043/document.

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L’article 2 de la loi n°94-43 du 18 janvier 1994, transférant l’organisation des soins en milieu carcéral du ministère de la Justice au service public hospitalier, a souvent été présenté comme une réforme de santé publique s’imposant au vu de l’état des prisons françaises. L’épidémie de sida et le volontarisme des ministres de la Santé suffiraient à rendre compte de ce qui a été qualifié de « révolution sanitaire ». Pourtant au-delà de ces facteurs conjoncturels, les conditions de possibilité de cette réforme s’inscrivent plus largement au croisement d’une double dynamique, professionnelle et carcérale, que cette recherche propose de retracer. En effet, la loi du 18 janvier 1994 est également la réforme d’une profession et d’un secteur d’action publique tous deux fortement contestés. La réforme de l’organisation des soins en prison marque l’échec d’une stratégie de spécialisation médicale, entendue comme la tentative opérée par certains praticiens d’occuper une position spécifique au sein du secteur médical.Initiée au début des années soixante par le premier Médecin-inspecteur des prisons, Georges Fully, l’affirmation d’une « médecine pénitentiaire » spécifique avait alors pour but de conférer aux praticiens une plus grande légitimité, et ainsi autonomie, à l’égard de leur employeur, l’Administration pénitentiaire. La spécialisation était ainsi conçue comme une ressource supplémentaire afin de mettre fin au tiraillement auquel étaient confrontés les praticiens travaillant en détention entre leur statut de vacataire du ministère de la Justice et celui de médecin-traitant des détenus. Toutefois, après la violente contestation des prisons survenue durant les années soixante-dix, l’affirmation d’une médecine pénitentiaire devient pour le nouveau Médecin-inspecteur, Solange Troisier, le moyen de légitimer un secteur d’action publique discrédité : l’organisation des soins en milieu carcéral. La consécration d’une médecine spécifique aux détenus est également pour elle le moyen de faire prévaloir les exigences du Code de procédure pénale sur celles issus du Code de déontologie. La spécialisation de la médecine pénitentiaire devient ainsi un moyen de s’autonomiser non pas du ministère de la Justice mais du secteur médical. La réforme de 1994 marque l’échec de cette tentative de spécialisation médicale. Elle résulte de la rencontre entre un « segment » de praticiens défendant l’idée d’une médecine non-spécifique avec quelques magistrats-militants, issus du Syndicat de la magistrature, en poste à l’Administration pénitentiaire favorables à un « décloisonnement » de l’institution carcérale. La loi du 18 janvier 1994 marque l’aboutissement de cette stratégie et l’échec de la tentative de spécialisation. A la « médecine pénitentiaire », désormais rattachée à un passé stigmatisant révolu, succéderait une « médecine exercée en milieu carcéral ».L’enjeu de cette thèse est par conséquent de retracer la sociogenèse d’une réforme à partir des dynamiques qui traversent un groupe professionnel, d’une part, et des transformations qui affectent un secteur d’action publique, d’autre part. On montrera également que la spécialisation de la médecine ne peut être comprise que si elle est articulée à d’autres logiques et qu’elle ne peut ainsi être réduite à sa seule dimension médicale
Article 2 of French law No 94-43 of January 18, 1994, which concerns the transfer of the organization of health care in prisons from the Ministry of Justice to the public hospital service, has often been presented as a necessary public health reform considering the state of French prisons. The AIDS epidemic and the voluntary work of the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Justice have revealed the need for what has been called a “sanitary revolution”. However, the conditions required for this reform would seem to require a dual approach: both professional and institutional, which this study will underline. Indeed, The French law of January 18, 1994 is also the reform of a profession, and of a sector of action, that is strongly criticized publicly. The reform of organization of health care in prisons underlines the failure of a strategy for a medical specialty, and is viewed by a few observers as an attempt by some practitioners to establish a particular position within the medical sector.Launched in the early sixties by the very first Doctor-inspector for prisons, Georges Fully, the assertion of specific “ health care in prison” was designed to give more legitimacy to the practitioners and therefore to allow them a greater level of autonomy from their employer, the prison administration. The specialization was designed to be an additional resource to help to put an end to the tension that the practitioners working in prison had to face, between their contract status at the Ministry of Justice and their status as general practitioners working in prisons . However, after the violent protests in prisons during the seventies, the organisation of “ health care in prisons” became for the new Doctor-inspector, Solange Troisier, a means of legitimizing the work of a discredited public service. The consecration of a specific medical practice for prisoners was also for her a means of asserting the requirements of the Code of Criminal Procedure over those of the Code of Medical Ethics. Thus the specialization of health care in prison became a means of empowerment not for the Ministry of Justice but for the medical sector.The reform of 1994 marks the failure of this attempt of medical specialization. It results from interactions between a group of practitioners defending the idea of a non-specific medical care and several militant magistrates, coming from the trade union of magistrates, working in the prison administration who were in favour of a opening-out of the penitentiary institution. The French law of January 18, 1994, highlights the accomplishment of this type of strategy and the failure to create a specialized health care in prison, the latter being then attached to a stigmatized and outdated past.The issue of this thesis is consequently to explore the sociogenesis of a reform from the dynamics which guide a professional group, on the one hand, and the evolutions which affect a public sector of action, on the other hand. We will also show that the specialization of medicine can be understood only if it is apprehended differently and subsequently cannot be reduced only to its medical dimension
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Dahlstrom, Glenda. "Privacy and confidentiality of patient health information." MU has:, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3052167.

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Ferguson, Angus H. "Should a doctor tell? : medical confidentiality in interwar England and Scotland." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2005. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3150/.

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Medical confidentiality is integral to the doctor - patient relationship and an important element in efficient and effective medical practice. However, it is generally acknowledged that medical confidentiality can not be absolute. At times it must be broken in order to serve a ‘higher’ interest - be it public health or the legal justice system. Yet, very little is known about the historical evolution of the boundaries of medical confidentiality in Britain. The absence of detailed historical research on the subject has meant that contemporary writers have tended to use citations of the Hippocratic Oath or short quotations from key legal cases to place their work into longer term context. The current thesis provides a more detailed examination of the delineation of the boundaries of medical confidentiality during a period of intense debate - the interwar years of the twentieth century. The increase in state interest in the health of the population, the growth in divorce after the First World War and the prominence of the medical issues of venereal disease and abortion, all brought unprecedented challenges to the traditional concept of medical confidentiality. Having examined the, oft-cited, benchmark precedent for medical confidentiality from the late eighteenth century, the thesis proceeds to examine the ways in which medicine had changed by the interwar years. The high-point of the debate in the early 1920s is examined from the perspective of the three key interest groups - the Ministry of Health, the British Medical Association and the Lord Chancellor. Overall, the work provides insight into the historical delineation of medical confidentiality in Britain, both in statute and common law. As such it lends a longer-term context to current debates over the boundaries of medical confidentiality in the twenty-first century.
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Mason, Barbara Ann Borgstede. "Ethics, privacy, and confidentiality issues related to the application of information technology in health care /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9962543.

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Michalowski, Sabine. "Medical confidentiality in the context of crime prevention and criminal prosecution : a comparative study." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2001. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/15088/.

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Medical confidentiality is widely recognised as a concept worth protecting. Problems arise, however, when medical confidentiality conflicts with interests that are equally regarded as important, such as the interests of justice; the interest in criminal prosecution; the interest in crime prevention; or defence rights. In order to develop convincing and workable criteria to balance the competing interests in case of a conflict, the different interests at stake must be clearly defined, and their respective importance assessed. Different ethical approaches to the balancing process will be introduced, followed by an analysis of the law of four legal systems, France, Germany, the UK and the u.s. AIl four legal systems protect medical confidentiality by the means of private law, but only Germany and the U.S. protect medical confidentiality as part of the constitutional right to privacy. In France and Germany, a breach of medical confidentiality by a physician amounts to a criminal offence. Regardless of these differences, all systems agree that medical confidentiality serves both the privacy interests of the patient, and the public interest in protecting public health. Fundamental differences materialise with regard to the recognition of medical privilege, which is recognised in France, Germany, and some States in the U.S., but is rejected by other States in the U.S. and by the UK. While in the U.S., defence rights are regarded as more important than medical confidentiality, the same is not true for France and Germany. All systems agree that medical confidentiality can be outweighed by the interest in preventing a crime that might cause serious harm to a third party, but the criteria according to which the competing interests are balanced, differ. Based on a comparison of the different approaches, criteria for a consistent and morally justified resolution of the conflicts between medical confidentiality and the competing interests will be suggested.
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Green, Linda. "Patient Satisfaction Outcomes and RN Scores on the JAND." Thesis, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3712363.

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The quality of health care in the United States is often measured by the patient’s satisfaction. The Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) was developed by the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMMS) along with the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) in 2002 to standardize the assessments and measures of patient satisfaction (Koch, 2014). Healthcare organizations are mandated to report their HCAHPS results to CMMS and AHRQ. Because of the significant role nurses take in the care and overall experience of hospitalized patients, this project explored RN scores on the Judgments About Nursing Decisions (JAND) instrument by Dr. Shake’ Ketefian (1984) and patient satisfaction data. The findings from the project suggest that RNs who are functioning in the post-conventional area of Kohlberg's Moral Development Theory as measured by the JAND may have an influencing effect on patient satisfaction outcomes as measured by the HCAHPS.

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Reyes-Illg, Gwendolen. "Respect for Patient Autonomy in Veterinary Medicine| A Relational Approach." Thesis, Colorado State University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10640397.

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This thesis considers the prospects for including respect for patient autonomy as a value in veterinary medical ethics. Chapter One considers why philosophers have traditionally denied autonomy to animals and why this is problematic; I also present contemporary accounts of animal ethics that recognize animals’ capacity for and exercise of autonomy (or something similar, such as agency) as morally important. In Chapter Two, I review veterinary medical ethics today, finding that respect for patient autonomy is undiscussed or rejected outright as irrelevant. Extrapolating mainstream medical ethics’ account of autonomy to veterinary medicine upholds this conclusion, as it would count all patients as “never-competent” and consider determining their autonomous choices impossible; thus welfare alone would be relevant. Chapter Three begins, in Part I, by describing the ways we routinely override patient autonomy in veterinary practice, both in terms of which interventions are selected and how care is delivered. I also show that some trends in the field suggest a nascent, implicit respect for patient autonomy. Part II of Chapter Three presents feminist criticisms of the mainstream approach to patient autonomy. I argue that the relational approach to autonomy advocated by such critics can be meaningfully applied in the veterinary realm. I advance an approach that conceives respect for patient autonomy in diachronic and dialogic terms, taking the patient as the foremost locus of respect. In Chapter Four, I turn to issues of practical implementation, such as interpreting what constitutes an animal’s values and concerns, and assessing the effect of positive reinforcement training on autonomy. The Conclusion offers areas for future research while refuting the objection that a simpler, expanded welfare-based approach would yield the same substantive recommendations as my account.

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Broekmann, Reginald J. (Reginald John). "Power in the physician-patient relationship." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51884.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Stellenbosch, 2000.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This paper examines aspects of power within the physicianpatient relationship. The historical development of the physician-patient relationship is briefly reviewed and some of the complexities of the relationship highlighted. It is shown that, historically, there is no imperative for the physician to consider only the interests of the patient and it has always been acceptable to consider the interests of a third party, such as the State or an employer - essentially the interests of whoever is paying the physician. The classical sources of power are then considered. These sources include legitimate power, coercive power, information power, reward power, expert power, referent power, economic power, indirect power, associative power, group power, resource power and gender power. Other approaches to power are also considered such as principle-centred power as described by Covey, power relationships as explained by Foucault, the power experience as described by McClelland and an analysis of power as expounded by Morriss. The various sources of power are then considered specifically within the physician-patient relationship to determine: if this particular type of power is operative in the physicianpatient relationship, and if so if it operates primarily to the advantage of the physician or the advantage of the patient. A simple method of quantifying power is proposed. Each form of power operative in the physician-patient relationship is then considered and graphically depicted in the form of a bar chart. Each form of power is shown as a bar and bars are added to the chart to 'build up' an argument which demonstrates the extent of the power disparity between physician and patient. It is clearly demonstrated that all forms of power operate to the advantage of the physician and in those rare circumstances where the patient is able to mobilize power to his/her advantage, the physician quickly calls on other sources of power to re-establish the usual, comfortable, power distance. Forms of abuse of power are mentioned. Finally, the ethical consequences of the power disparity are briefly considered. Concern is expressed that the power disparity exists at all but this is offset by the apparent need for society to empower physicians. Conversely, consideration is given to various societal developments which are intended to disempower physicians, particularly at the level of the general practitioner. Various suggestions are made as to how the power relationships will develop in future with or without conscious effort by the profession to change the relationship.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie voordrag ondersoek aspekte van mag in die verwantskap tussen pasiënt en geneesheer. Die historiese ontwikkeling van die verwantskap word kortliks hersien en 'n kort beskrywing van die ingewikkeldheid van die verwantskap word uitgelig. Vanuit 'n historiese oogpunt, word 'n geneesheer nie verplig om alleenlik na die belange van die pasiënt om te sien nie en was dit nog altyd aanvaarbaar om die belange van 'n derde party soos die Staat of 'n werkgewer se belange to oorweeg - hoofsaaklik die belange van wie ookal die geneesheer moet betaal. Die tradisionele bronne van mag word oorweeg. Hierdie bronne sluit in: wetlike mag of 'gesag', die mag om te kan dwing, inligtingsmag, vergoedingsmag, deskundigheidsmag, verwysingsmag, ekonomiesemag, indirektemag, vereeningingsmag, groepsmag, bronnemag en gelslagsmag. Alternatiewe benaderings word ook voorgelê, naamlik die beginsel van etiese mag soos deur Covey beskryf, krag in menslike verhoudings soos deur Foucault, die ondervinding van krag soos beskryf deur McClelland en 'n ontleding van krag soos deur Morriss verduidelik. Hierdie verskillende mag/gesagsbronne word spesifiek met betrekking tot die geneesheer-pasiënt verhouding uiteengesit om te besluit: of hierdie tipe mag aktief is tussen geneesheer en pasiënt, en indien wel, werk dit tot die voordeel van die geneesheer of die pasiënt. 'n Eenvoudige sisteem vir die meting van mag/gesag word voorgestel. Die bronne word individueeloorweeg en gemeet en die resultaat in 'n grafiese voorstelling voorgelê op so 'n wyse dat 'n argument daardeur 'opgebou' word om die verskille van van mag/gesag tussen geneesheer en pasiënt uit te wys. Dit word duidelik uiteengesit dat alle vorms van mag/gesag ten gunste van die geneesheer werk. Kommer is getoon dat hierdie magsverskil werklik bestaan, asook die snaakse teenstelling dat die gemeenskap wil eintlik die geneesheer in "n magsposiesie plaas. Die etiese gevolge van hierdie ongebalanseerde verwantskap, asook die moontlikheid van wangebruik van hierdie mag word ook genoem. Verskillende gemeenskaplike ontwikkelinge wat die mag van die geneesheer wil wegneem word geidentifiseer, meestalop die vlak van die algmene praktisyn. Verskeie voorstelle vir toekomstige ontwikkeling van die verwantskap word voorgelê, met of sonder spesifieke pogings van die professie om die verwantskap te verbeter.
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Books on the topic "Patient confidentiality; Medical ethics"

1

National Health Service in Scotland. NHS code of practice on protecting patient confidentiality. [Edinburgh]: Scottish Executive, 2003.

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Psychotherapy and confidentiality: Testimonial privileged communication, breach of confidentiality, and reporting duties. Springfield, Ill: Charles C. Thomas Publisher, 1998.

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name, No. Confidentiality: Ethical perspectives and clinical dilemmas. Hillsdale, NJ: Analytic Press, 2003.

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S, Downie R., ed. Palliative care ethics: A good companion. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996.

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Saunders, Janet M. McGee. Patient confidentiality. 3rd ed. Salt Lake City, UT: Medicode, Inc., 1996.

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S, Downie R., ed. Palliative care ethics: A companion for all specialties. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.

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Dimond, Bridgit. Legal aspects of patient confidentiality. Dinton: Quay Books, 2002.

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Michalowski, Sabine. Medical confidentiality and crime. Aldershot, Hants, England: Ashgate, 2003.

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Saunders, Janet McGee. Patient confidentiality: [alphabetized guide to the release of medical information]. 4th ed. Salt Lake City, UT: Medicode, Inc., 1998.

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Good psychiatric practice: Confidentiality. London: Royal Col1ege of Psychiatrists, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Patient confidentiality; Medical ethics"

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Kantor, Jay E. "Confidentiality." In Medical Ethics for Physicians-in-Training, 179–98. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1672-3_6.

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Eldo, Frezza. "Patient–Physician Relationship." In Medical Ethics, 43–50. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, 2019.: Productivity Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429506949-6.

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Eldo, Frezza. "Non-Compliance and Patient Termination." In Medical Ethics, 97–102. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, 2019.: Productivity Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429506949-13.

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Eldo, Frezza. "Patient Welfare and Bill of Rights." In Medical Ethics, 75–80. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, 2019.: Productivity Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429506949-10.

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Roberts, Laura Weiss, and Mark Siegler. "The Doctor-Patient Relationship." In Clinical Medical Ethics, 91–218. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53875-4_8.

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Wear, Stephen. "The New Ethos of Patient Autonomy." In Clinical Medical Ethics, 22–39. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8122-6_3.

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Wear, Stephen. "The Clinical Experience of Patient Autonomy and Informed Consent." In Clinical Medical Ethics, 40–54. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8122-6_4.

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Arnold, Robert, Lachlan Forrow, and L. Randol Barker. "Medical Ethics and Doctor/Patient Communication." In The Medical Interview, 345–67. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2488-4_29.

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Zwitter, Matjaž. "Physicians Beyond Patient Care." In Medical Ethics in Clinical Practice, 157–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00719-5_21.

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Stauch, Marc, and Kay Wheat. "Confidentiality, privacy and access to medical records." In Text, Cases and Materials on Medical Law and Ethics, 214–58. Sixth edition. | Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, [2019]: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315168326-5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Patient confidentiality; Medical ethics"

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Sugiarti, Ida. "Legal Protection of Patient Rights to Completeness and Confidentiality in Management of Medical Record Documents." In 2nd Bakti Tunas Husada-Health Science International Conference (BTH-HSIC 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ahsr.k.200523.045.

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Dube, Sibusisiwe, Siqabukile Sihwa, Thambo Nyathi, and Khulekani Sibanda. "QR Code Based Patient Medical Health Records Transmission: Zimbabwean Case." In InSITE 2015: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: USA. Informing Science Institute, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2233.

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In Zimbabwe the health care delivery system is hierarchical and patient transfer from the lower level to the next higher level health care facility involves patients carrying their physical medical record card. A medical record card holds information pertaining to the patient’s medical history, pre-existing allergies, medical health conditions, prescribed medication the patient is currently taking among other details. Recording such patient information on a medical health card renders it susceptible to tempering, loss, and misinterpretation as well as susceptible to breaches in confidentiality. In this paper, we propose the application of Quick Response (QR) codes to secure and transmit this sensitive patient information from one level of the health care delivery system to another. Other security methods such as steganography could be used, but in this paper we propose the use of QR codes owing to the high proliferation of mobile phones in the country, high storage capacity, flexibility, ease of use and their capability to maintain data integrity as well as storage of data in any format.
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Chen, Huei-Ya, and Wei-Ding Tsai. "Reflections on the Doctor-Patient Relationship in Medical Humanities from the Perspective of Care Ethics." In 6th International Conference on Contemporary Education, Social Sciences and Humanities. (Philosophy of Being Human as the Core of Interdisciplinary Research) (ICCESSH 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210902.046.

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"Research on "Three in One" Combination of Innovation Models of Medical Student Professional Education, Humane Quality Education and Medical Ethics Education on Improving Medical Ethics and Establishing a Harmonious Doctor-Patient Relationship." In 2018 4th International Conference on Education, Management and Information Technology. Francis Academic Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.25236/icemit.2018.043.

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Borţea, Andra-Nicoleta. "Ethics and Efficiency of Communication during COVID-19 Pandemic; Role of Public Administration Digitalization." In 2nd International Conference Global Ethics - Key of Sustainability (GEKoS). LUMEN Publishing House, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumproc/gekos2021/22.

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In the age of technology, communication seems to be much easier for public institutions. Citizens' access to the necessary information is much easier, by accessing official websites or by e-mail. The pandemic has limited people's access to interaction with public institutions, which has increased the need to use online digital tools. Thus, the process of digitalization and the process of modernization of the public administration were hastened. This has led to the emergence of new types of social behaviours that have had negative effects on the use of digital tools by public entities. Until now, several approaches to public administration ethics have existed, and they have mostly centered on the civil servant's behaviour in his interaction with citizens and his respect for the workplace. As the online environment has become a necessity for public services in the digital age, ethics in the public system meets new challenges. Today, there is a need for a modernized digital system for civil servants to use. It should facilitate applicants' access to information and protect the confidentiality of certain information in an ethical and professional manner for all parties involved, in order to reduce misinformation. Misinformation in a pandemic can have serious consequences: it can lead to ignoring official health advice and risky behaviour, or it can have a negative impact on our democratic institutions and societies, as well as on the economic and financial situation. Therefore, there is a need for new protection measures, that can protect people, not only for medical safety in a public institution, but for ethic means in the online environment.
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Osborne, F., M. Lister, and S. Joseph. "G389(P) Tackling entrenched culture and patient safety error through improvement and empowerment of trainees during medical handovers in a paediatric teaching hospital." In Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, Abstracts of the Annual Conference, 13–15 March 2018, SEC, Glasgow, Children First – Ethics, Morality and Advocacy in Childhood, The Journal of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2018-rcpch.378.

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