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Journal articles on the topic 'Patriarcal society'
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1
Rocha, Abdruschin Schaeffer, and Claudete Beise Ulrich. "A dessacralização da violência contra as mulheres no altar do patriarcado: reflexões a partir dos conceitos desejo mimético e bode expiatório em René Girard." REFLEXUS - Revista Semestral de Teologia e Ciências das Religiões 12, no. 19 (June 26, 2018): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.20890/reflexus.v12i19.718.
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O presente texto reflete sobre a dessacralização da violência contra as mulheres no altar do patriarcado a partir dos conceitos desejo mimético e bode expiatório, expressos no pensamento de René Girard, na relação entre religião e violência. Ele não tratou, especificamente, em seus textos sobre a violência de gênero. No entanto, os conceitos por ele refletidos sobre desejo mimético e bode expiatório podem ser referenciais para entender a sacralização da violência contra as mulheres na sociedade patriarcal e machista brasileira. Uma forma de superar a perspectiva de bode expiatório, a partir do cristianismo, pode ser a releitura bíblica a partir das vítimas, das mulheres violentadas, buscando desconstruir o sistema religioso, machista e patriarcal. Neste sentido, a educação teológica, com referenciais analíticos de gênero na interseção com etnia/raça, classe social, geração e perspectiva feminista, torna-se fundamental no processo de desconstrução de leituras, discursos, práticas religiosas patriarcais, machistas violentas que promovem o desejo concorrente e a criação de bodes expiatórios.The present text reflects on the unsacralization of violence against women on the altar of patriarchy, based on the concepts mimetic desire and scapegoat, expressed in the thought of René Girard, in the relationship between religion and violence. He did not specifically address his writings on gender violence. However, the concepts he reflects on mimetic desire and scapegoat may be benchmarks for understanding the sacralization of violence against women in Brazilian patriarchal and macho society. One way to overcome the scapegoat perspective, starting with Christianity, may be to read the Bible from the victims perspective, from women who have been violated, seeking to deconstruct the religious, macho and patriarchal system. In this sense, theological education, with analytical gender references at the intersection with ethnicity/race, social class, generation and feminist perspective, becomes fundamental in the process of deconstruction of readings, discourses, patriarchal religious practices, violent sexists that promote desire competitor and the creation of scapegoats.
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Soares, Lucas Gabriel. "Palimpsesto e as relações de gênero em Elvira Vigna: um recurso como crítica ao patriarcado em 'Como se estivéssemos em palimpsesto de putas'." Revista PHILIA | Filosofia, Literatura & Arte 2, no. 2 (November 10, 2020): 365–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/2596-0911.103795.
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Este trabalho analisa a estrutura do romance Como se estivéssemos em palimpsesto de putas, de Elvira Vigna como também, as relações sexistas às quais as personagens estão submetidas. Retratados por meio de uma narradora não revelada, estratégia estética realçadora da invisibilização da mulher dentro da sociedade, os causos de João, um profissional cujo único prazer é o sexo com garotas de programa, servem de retrato da construção da masculinidade e da dimensão patriarcal. Utilizando-se do artifício do palimpsesto como crítica ao patriarcado, o seguinte trabalho denuncia, a partir das leituras de textos de Monique Wittig e Gerda Lerner, como as diversas expressões do machismo se comportam através das sobreposições de vozes que emergem da narrativa.Palavras-chave: Elvira Vigna. Palimpsesto. Patriarcado. Crítica Feminista. Memória. AbstractThis article analyzes the structure of Elvira Vigna’s novel Como se estivéssemos em palimpsesto de putas as well as the sexist relations to which the characters are submitted. Portrayed through an undisclosed female narrator, an aesthetic strategy that enhances the invisibility of women within society, the stories of João, a professional whose only pleasure is having sex with prostitutes, serve as a portrait of the construction of masculinity and the patriarchal dimension. Using the palimpsest as a criticism for patriarchy, Vigna’s work denounces, from the readings of texts by Monique Wittig and Gerda Lerner, the various expressions of sexism behavior through the overlapping voices that emerge from the narrative.Keywords: Elvira Vigna. Palimpsest. Patriarchy. Feminist Critique. Memory.
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Nehmé, Hoda. "The Women, Religion and Politics in Middle East." Caminhos 15, no. 1 (October 18, 2017): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.18224/cam.v15i1.5970.
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LA FEMME, LA RELIGION ET LA POLITIQUE AU MOYEN-ORIENT
Resumo: atualmente, a religião não está somente em uma crescente onda de expansão fundamentalista, disfarçada de adversária surreal contra a ocidentalização do globo. Entretanto, assistimos ao desenvolvimento do obscurantismo, como se fosse um tumor em matéria de religiosidade. Neste artigo, pretendemos perceber este processo observando o papel das mulheres. Esta mulher que lutou para encontrar espaço em uma sociedade essencialmente patriarcal e profundamente religiosa encontra-se no jogo de um sistema político-religioso que consome seu meios de sobrevivência social.
Palavras-chave: Religião. Mulheres. Oriente Médio. Patriarcalismo.
Abstract: currently, the religion is not only in a rising tide of fundamentalist expansion, disguised as surreal fight against destroyes the Westernization of the globe. However, we have seen the development of obscurantism, as if were a tumor in terms of religiosity. In this article, we intend to realize this process looking at the role of women. This woman who struggled to find space in an essentially patriarchal society and deeply religious is in game of a politico-religious system that consumes your livelihoods.
Keywords: Religion. Women. Middle East. Patriarchy.
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Bueno, Ana Alice. "A casa (entre)aberta." Revista do Centro de Estudos Portugueses 28, no. 39 (June 30, 2008): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17851/2359-0076.28.39.25-44.
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<p>Este artigo pretende perceber as representações possíveis que se podem encontrar da obra de Gilberto Freyre, <em>Sobrados e Mucambos</em>, em <em>Crônica da Casa Assassinada</em>, de Lúcio Cardoso, uma vez que ambas abordam o mesmo viés: a decadência do sistema patriarcal e a conseqüente ascensão do urbano, datados do início do século XIX. A narrativa de Gilberto Freyre é um recorte real da sociedade brasileira daquele período, calcada em rememorações particulares dele próprio; em Lúcio Cardoso a narrativa ficcional envolve o ambiente de uma típica família tradicional mineira que resiste às influências externas, concretizadas, especialmente, na personagem Nina; e à inevitável perda da supremacia patriarcal.</p> <p>This article intends to realize the possible representations that can be found in the work of Gilberto Freyre, <em>Sobrados e mucambos</em>, and in <em>Crônica da casa assassinada</em>, of Lúcio Cardoso, once that both board the same slant: the decadence of the patriarchal system and the consequent ascent of the urbane one, when they dated from the beginning of the century XIX. The narrative of Gilberto Freyre is a real cutting out of the Brazilian society of that period, based on particular remembrances of own him; in Lúcio Cardoso to narrative ficcional wraps the environment of a typical traditional mining family that resists the extern, made real influences, specially, in the character Nina; and to the inevitable loss of the patriarchal supremacy.</p>
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Barossi, Luana, and Thais Neves Marcelo. "Travestilidade como denúncia política: performatividade de gênero e panantillanismo em "Sirena Selena Vestida de Pena"." Jangada: crítica | literatura | artes, no. 9 (April 6, 2018): 16–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.35921/jangada.v0i9.53.
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RESUMO: Este breve ensaio propõe uma leitura do romance Sirena Selena vestida de pena levando em consideração sua matéria política, encontrada no tema da travestilidade. Dessa maneira, serão abordadas duas possibilidades interpretativas sobre o caráter subversivo da narrativa: a diversidade de gênero, que desestabiliza a tradição patriarcal, heterossexista e cis-sexista da sociedade caribenha e a travestilidade como alegoria do Caribe, cujo foco está na denúncia de problemáticas econômicas e sociais.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Travestilidade, estudos de gênero, literatura caribenha.
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ABSTRACT: This brief essay aims to analyze the novel Sirena Selena vestida de pena taking into consideration its political matter, found in the topic of travestility. We will approach two different interpretative possibilities about the subversive matter of the narrative: firstly, gender diversity, that destabilizes the patriarchal, heterosexist and cissexist Caribbean society tradition, and secondly, travestility as an allegory of the Caribbean, which focus on the denunciation of economic and social matters.
KEYWORDS: Travestility, gender studies, caribbean literature.
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Ávila Fagúndez, Paulo Roney, and Gabrielle Tabares Fagundez. "CARNIVORISMO E CIÊNCIA: A DOMINAÇÃO MASCULINA PERPETUADA PELO DIREITO/CARNIVORISM AND SCIENCE: THE MALE DOMINATION PERPETUATED BY LAW." Revista de Biodireito e Direito dos Animais 3, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.26668/indexlawjournals/2525-9695/2017.v3i1.1967.
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RESUMO Na sociedade patriarcal moderna é patente a dominação perpetuada sobre animais e seres humanos do sexo feminino. Frente a esse contexto, o artigo busca analisar criticamente a subjugação reproduzida pelos hábitos alimentares, ciência e regulamentações jurídicas sobre os animais na sociedade ocidental. Ademais, pretende-se discorrer a respeito das reverberações que a exploração de outras espécies para alimentação apresenta quanto ao domínio realizado sobre as mulheres, bem como explorar a sua dominação pelo paradigma científico contemporâneo. Para atingir tais objetivos, utiliza-se o método de abordagem dedutivo, o método de procedimento monográfico e as técnicas de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. ABSTRACT It´s evident in the modern patriarchal society the domination perpetuated over animal and female humans. Given this context, the article intends to critically analyse the subjugation reproduced by eating habits, science and legal regulations over animals in western society. In addition, it´s intended to refer to the reverberations that the exploitation of other species for food production presents regarding the dominion over women, as well to explore the domination over them propagated by the contemporary scientific paradigm. In order to achieve these goals, the deductive approach method, the monographic procedure method, and bibliographic and documentary research techniques are used.
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Redondo, Dennis. "Recursos de legitimación en torno a prácticas encubiertas de dominación masculina en la sociedad costarricense. Subterfugios de una hegemonía en declive/Legitimation Resources Around Male Domination Practices in Costa Rican Society. Subterfuges of a Declining Hegemony." Revista Costarricense de Psicología 38, no. 2 (December 30, 2019): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.22544/rcps.v38i02.02.
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<p><strong>Español</strong></p><p>A través de las siguientes líneas, se pretende, con un recorrido por algunos términos y autores característicos de los estudios de hombres y masculinidades, explorar elementos con respecto a manifestaciones y dinámicas de dominación masculina actual. Primero, es importante revisar algunos conceptos, en especial, desde la teoría del sexismo ambivalente de Glick y Fiske, seguido de algunas derivaciones de este planteamiento para el correspondiente análisis. De forma posterior, se esboza cómo el machismo se conserva institucionalmente desde componentes básicos estables en la historia: androcentrismo, misoginia, homofobia y falocentrismo. Al final, se plantean algunas reflexiones básicas acerca de desarticular encargos de masculinidad hegemónica en la sociedad. Más que una desaparición de patrones machistas, el patriarcado, como estructura colectiva, se adecua a diferentes escenarios relacionados con el contexto social. Esto se asocia siempre, en cada época histórica, a la dificultad por cuestionarle en los grupos sociales donde se sustenta. Incentivar en los hombres una consciencia crítica del fenómeno, fomentar una acción transformadora y ser protagonistas en un proceso de deconstrucción de las normas masculinas tradicionales es vital en un proceso de desarticulación del sistema patriarcal como primera entrada y, por ende, la construcción de un sistema social igualitario consciente de diversidades en género.</p><p><strong>English</strong></p><p>In the following lines, we intend to tour some terms and authors characteristic of the studies of men and masculinities, to explore elements regarding manifestations and dynamics of current male domination. First, it is important to review some concepts especially from the theory of ambivalent sexism of Glick and Fiske, followed by some derivations of this approach for the corresponding analysis. Subsequently, we outline how machismo is conserved institutionally from stable core components in history: androcentrism, misogyny, homophobia and phallocentrism. In the end, we raise some basic reflections about disarticulating orders of hegemonic masculinity in society. Rather than a disappearance of macho patterns, patriarchy as a collective structure adapts to different scenarios related to the social context. This is always associated, in each historical era, with the difficulty of questioning it in the social groups that sustain it. Thus, it is of primordial importance to encourage in men a critical awareness of the phenomenon, to promote a transformative action and be protagonists in a process of deconstruction of traditional male norms; these are vital, in a process of disarticulation of the patriarchal system and, thus, allowing the construction of an egalitarian social system aware of gender diversity.</p>
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De la Fuente Díaz, Daniel. "Figures de l’homosexualité dans l’œuvre de Maryse Condé." Anales de Filología Francesa 28, no. 1 (October 20, 2020): 91–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/analesff.425251.
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La obra militante de Maryse Condé aborda la sexualidad humana en su pluralidad, presentándonos personajes de diversas identidades sexuales que deben encontrar su camino en una sociedad patriarcal y hetero-normada. La elección del tema de la homosexualidad, que está particularmente presente en algunas de sus novelas, forma parte de la voluntad de liberar la literatura francófona del Caribe de todos sus tabúes. Este estudio propone analizar las diferentes actitudes de los personajes LGBT en el universo condeano en relación con su orientación sexual. Al dar voz a estas minorías, la autora aborda el tema de la igualdad de derechos.
Maryse Condé’s activist work addresses human sexuality in its plurality, presenting us with characters of diverse sexual identities who must find their way in a patriarchal and heterogeneous society. The choice of the subject of homosexuality, which is particularly present in some of her novels, stems from this desire to free French-language Caribbean literature from all its taboos. This study aims to analyze the different attitudes of LGBT characters in the Condean universe in relation to their sexual orientation, which is considered so deviant in the West Indies that it becomes unspeakable. By giving a voice to these minorities who have been ignored, the author touches on the issue of equal rights. L’œuvre militante de Maryse Condé aborde la sexualité humaine dans sa pluralité, nous présentant des personnages aux identités sexuelles diverses, qui doivent se frayer un chemin dans une société patriarcale et hétéronormée. Le choix du sujet de l’homosexualité, particulièrement présent dans certains de ses romans, relève de cette volonté d’affranchir la littérature francophone caribéenne de tous ses tabous. Cette étude se propose d’analyser les différentes attitudes des personnages LGBT de l’univers condéen en rapport à leur orientation sexuelle considérée si déviante dans les Antilles qu’elle en devient indicible. En donnant la voix à ces minorités passées sous silence, l’auteure touche à la question de l’égalité des droits qui lui tient à cœur.
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DE ARAUJO SILVA, THAINA, and Jhessica Larissa Carvalho Sarath. "A RESPONSABILIDADE CIVIL DO ESTADO FRENTE AOS ABUSOS SEXUAIS OCORRIDOS NO TRANSPORTE PÚBLICO: UMA ANÁLISE TEÓRICA E SOCIAL DA INFLUÊNCIA DA CULTURA PATRIARCAL NO ESPAÇO PÚBLICO." Revista Científica Semana Acadêmica 9, no. 210 (September 20, 2021): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.35265/2236-6717-210-9262.
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The present article deals with the cases of sexual abuse that occur in public transport, resulting from the patriarchal culture rooted in society, as well as the poor performance of the State in offering a public service, without guaranteeing its quality. Based on this situation, it is analyzed how the patriarchal and sexist culture is present in society and how the State is silent on public measures and policies that are in fact effective in guaranteeing the safety of women in the public space. Thus, it is concluded that for such a scenario to be solved or at least improved, there is a greater participation of the State as an essential service provider and policies with the objective of eradicating inequality of gender. This research uses the following methodology classified as: deductive, exploratory, with a monographic research, from a qualitative perspective.
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Fitri, Nurliana, and Erni Suparti. "ANALYZING THE PORTRAYAL OF PATRIARCHAL OPPRESSION TOWARDS THE FEMALE CHARACTERS IN J.K. ROWLING’S THE CASUAL VACANCY: A REFLECTIVE POST-FEMINIST CRITICS." Journal of Culture, Arts, Literature, and Linguistics (CaLLs) 2, no. 1 (February 24, 2017): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/calls.v2i1.703.
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The oppression and subordination towards woman mostly happened because of the patriarchal system which exists in the society. The purposes of this study are to analyze the portrayal of patriarchal symbols in the society of Pagford Town in J.K. Rowling’s The Casual Vacancy and the patriarchal system abuse or oppression towards the female characters in J.K. Rowling’s The Casual Vacancy. The results of the study show six symbols of patriarchy which is found in the novel. They are female as sex objects in public patriarchy, male as villain in public patriarchy, male as villain in private patriarchy, female as the faulty in private patriarchy, female as mother or angel in the house in private patriarchy and female as damsel in distress in private patriarchy. The study also shows the indication of abuse occurred to several female characters. The patriarchy system generated from the participation of the male and female is the main cause of the sustainability of female oppression and subordination in the society.Keywords: patriarchy, symbol, oppression, abuse, victimization, The Casual Vacancy
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Motta, Daniele. "A CONTRIBUIÇÃO DE HELEIETH SAFFIOTI PARA A ANÁLISE DO BRASIL: gênero importa para a formação social?" Caderno CRH 33 (December 22, 2020): 020027. http://dx.doi.org/10.9771/ccrh.v33i0.37969.
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<p class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; line-height: 100%;" align="justify">Este artigo tem o objetivo de questionar se as ideias desenvolvidas por Heleieth Saffioti podem ser lidas como uma contribuição para a análise da Formação Social do Brasil. Dessa forma, apresenta a leitura da autora sobre as relações patriarcais existentes no país explicitando que a formação da sociedade brasileira se deu impregnada por este tipo de dominação e trazendo para esta análise a perspectiva das mulheres. Estabelecemos um diálogo com Florestan Fernandes, a partir da ideia das reminiscências de relações sociais do “passado no presente”. Por fim, avançando no que entendemos como o salto teórico-metodológico da autora, fazemos uma exposição sobre sua contribuição da leitura do problema de gênero na sociedade brasileira, com suas formulações sobre o nó (gênero, raça/etnia e classe) fundamental para a compreensão das relações na sociedade capitalista contemporânea.</p><p class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; line-height: 100%;" align="justify"> </p><p class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; line-height: 100%;" align="justify">HELEIETH SAFFIOTTI CONTRIBUTION TO THE ANALYSIS OF BRAZIL: Does gender matter for social formation?</p><p class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; line-height: 100%;" align="justify">This article is intended to question whether the ideas developed by Heleieth Saffioti can be read as a contribution to the analysis of the Formation of Brazil. Thus, it presents the author’s reading on patriarchal relations in the country, explaining that the formation of Brazilian society was impregnated with patriarchal domination, bringing the perspective of women to this analysis. We established a dialogue with Florestan Fernandes, based on the idea of reminiscences of social relations from the “past in the present”. Finally, advancing in what we understand as the theoretical-methodological leap of the author, we make an exposition about her contribution to the reading of the gender trouble in Brazilian society, with her formulations on the knot (gender, race / ethnicity and class) fundamental to the understanding of relationships in contemporary capitalist society</p><p class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; line-height: 100%;" align="justify">Keywords: Heleieth Saffioti. Patriarchy. Social formation. Node. Capitalism.</p><p class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; line-height: 100%;" align="justify"> </p><p class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; line-height: 100%;" align="justify">CONTRIBUTION DE HELEIETH SAFFIOTI À L’ANALYSE DU BRÉSIL: le genre est-il important pour la formation sociale?</p><p class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; line-height: 100%;" align="justify">Cet article entend se demander si les idées développées par Heleieth Saffioti peuvent être lues comme une contribution à l’analyse de la formation du Brésil. Ainsi, il présente la lecture de l’auteur sur les relations patriarcales dans le pays, expliquant que la formation de la société brésilienne a été imprégnée de domination patriarcale, apportant la perspective des femmes à cette analyse. Nous avons établi un dialogue avec Florestan Fernandes, basé sur l’idée de réminiscences des relations sociales du “passé au présent”. Enfin, en avançant dans ce que nous entendons par saut théorique-méthodologique de l’auteur, nous exposons sa contribution à la lecture du problème du genre dans la société brésilienne, avec ses formulations sur le nœud (genre, race/ ethnicité et classe) fondamental compréhension des relations dans la société capitaliste contemporaine.</p><p class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; line-height: 100%;" align="justify">Mots clés: Heleieth Saffioti. Patriarcat. Formation sociale. Noeud. Capitalisme.</p>
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Senior Grant, Alder. "La mujer-texto en Como agua para chocolate." Revista de Filología y Lingüística de la Universidad de Costa Rica 21, no. 1 (August 30, 2015): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rfl.v21i1.20262.
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El principal propósito de este breve artículo es presentar a las mujeres como los textos de la novela Como agua para chocolate de Laura Esquivel. Siendo el "otro" y no el "uno" en una sociedad patriarcal, los textos femeninos en esta novela se desarrollan dentro del reino de la ambigüedad. Sin embargo, en la interacción dinámica donde lo simbólico y los elementos semióticos cumplen, las mujeres de este mundo tienden a reproducir los patrones simbólicos en lugar de los semióticos; de este modo, en un nivel superficial, perpetúan y refuerzan su imagen como seres inferiores, mientras que, en un nivel mucho más profundo, el discurso de doble voz les permite subvertir a la ideología dominante. The main purpose of this brief article is to present women as texts in Laura Esquivel's novel Como Agua para Chocolate. Being the "other" and not the "one" in a patriarchal society, the feminine texts in this novel evolve within the realm of ambiguity. However, in the dynamic interplay where the symbolic and the semiotic elements meet, women in this world tend to reproduce symbolic patterns rather than the semiotic ones; by so doing, on a surface level, they perpetuate and reinforce their image as inferior beings, whereas, on a much deeper level, double-voiced discourse enables them to subvert the ruling ideology.
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Adisa, Toyin Ajibade, Issa Abdulraheem, and Sulu Babaita Isiaka. "Patriarchal hegemony." Gender in Management: An International Journal 34, no. 1 (March 4, 2019): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/gm-07-2018-0095.
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PurposeResearch on the impact of patriarchy and patriarchal norms on women’s work-life balance is scarce. A typical patriarchal society, such as Nigeria, tends to be organised based on gender, and the construct is embedded in the culture. This paper aims to investigate the impact of patriarchy on women’s work-life balance in a non-Western context: Nigeria.Design/methodology/approachThe authors adopt a qualitative research approach to enhance their insight into the issue of patriarchy and women’s work-life balance. Data for the study were collected over a four-month period, using semi-structured interviews as the primary method of data collection.FindingsThe findings of the thematic analysis reveal the impact of patriarchy on women’s work-life balance in Sub-Saharan Africa, specifically Nigeria. Women’s aspirations to achieve work-life balance in this part of the world are often frustrated by patriarchal norms, which are deeply ingrained in the culture. The findings of this study reveal that male dominance of and excessive subordination of females, domestic and gender-based division of labour and higher patriarchal proclivities among men are the ingredients of a patriarchal society. These issues make the achievement of work-life balance difficult for women.Research limitations/implicationsThe extent to which the findings of this research can be generalised is constrained by the limited sample size and the selected research context.Practical implicationsThe insights gleaned from this research suggest that there are still major challenges for women in the global south, specifically Nigeria, in terms of achieving work-life balance due to the prevalent patriarchy and patriarchal norms in the society. Strong patriarchal norms and proclivity negatively affect women’s work-life balance and in turn may impact employee productivity, organisational effectiveness, employee performance and employee punctuality at work. However, an Australian “Champion of Change” initiative may be adopted to ease the patriarchal proclivity and help women to achieve work-life balance.Originality/valueThis paper provides valuable insights by bringing patriarchy into the discussion of work-life balance. This issue has been hitherto rare in the literature. It therefore enriches the literature on work-life balance from a patriarchal perspective.
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Rawat, Preeti S. "Patriarchal Beliefs, Women's Empowerment, and General Well-being." Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 39, no. 2 (April 2014): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090920140206.
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This paper highlights that depowerment of women is linked to the belief and practice of patriarchy which subjugates women at various levels — political, economic, social, and cultural. Patriarchy is a social and ideological construct which considers men (who are the patriarchs) as superior to women. Patriarchy imposes masculinity and femininity character stereotypes in society which strengthen the iniquitous power relations between men and women. Feminism is an awareness of patriarchal control, exploitation, and oppression at the material and ideological levels of women's labour, fertility and sexuality, in the family, at the place of work, and in the society in general, and conscious action by women and men to transform the present situation. Overcoming the belief and practice of patriarchy is termed as eve empowerment. This paper distinguishes between eve empowerment and psychological empowerment. While the former (eve empowerment) is contextual in nature, the latter (psychological empowerment) is a motivational construct. If conditions favouring eve empowerment make a woman experience empowerment, then it is termed as psychological empowerment. Both these variables are linked to general well-being, which is defined as a state which allows individuals to realize their abilities, cope with the normal stresses of life, work productively and fruitfully, and make a contribution to their community. The findings indicate that by countering patriarchy, women experience greater eve empowerment and psychological empowerment. The results also show that education level of women had no impact on eve empowerment. This is the reason why there are depowered women even among the educated middle class and upper classes of the society. This finding has important implication for agencies, institutions and the state that are using education as a medium of change and empowerment. The empowerment at the workplace and at home seems to have a spillover effect as both moderate the relation of eve empowerment and general well-being. Deep level impact on social transformation will take place only when the concept of patriarchy is shaken and conditions supporting eve empowerment are created for women to experience psychological empowerment. The limitation of the study was that it was carried out in a patriarchal society. It should also be compared with a similar survey among the matriarchal societies and from all strata of society to make it more representative. The findings can form the basis for improving affirmative action within the organizations.
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Coelho, Virginia Paes, Daniela Beatriz Dos Santos Ferreira, Ieda Francisco De Paulo Matias de Alexandria, and Maria Angélica Varella Gomes. "REFLEXÕES SOBRE A VIOLÊNCIA: poder e dominação nas relações sociais de sexo." Revista Políticas Públicas 18, no. 2 (February 2, 2015): 471. http://dx.doi.org/10.18764/2178-2865.v18n2p471-479.
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Este artigo analisa a institucionalização da violência no âmbito das relações de gênero. Toma por eixo a estrutura sociocultural e as formas como são engendrados valores, comportamentos e atitudes que conformam corpos de acordo com cada sexo, trazendo consequências como a desigualdade e a intolerância, influindo na multiplicidade de ações violentas contra o outro. Enfatiza que adominação masculina e as diversas expressões de violência de gênero que se perpetuam na sociedade são os principais resultadosda ideologia patriarcal com graves inferências na construção das identidades de gênero. Propõe a desconstrução de todas as formas de violência, com respeito ao direito do outro ser sujeito livre em suas orientações sexuais e como princípio formador da ação humana.Palavras-chave: Violência de gênero, dominação masculina, direitos humanos.REFLECTIONS ON VIOLENCE: power and domination in sex social relationsAbstract: This article analyzes the institutionalization of violence in the context of gender relations. It is centered on the socio-culturalstructure and how values, behaviors and attitudes arise that conform bodies according to each sex, leading to consequences such as inequality and intolerance, influencing the multiplicity of violent actions against the other. Masculine domination and the various expressions of gender violence that are perpetuated in society are the main results of the patriarchal ideology with serious inferencesin the construction of gender identities. The deconstruction of all forms of violence is proposed, with respect for the other’s right to bea free subject in their sexual orientations and as a forming principle of human action.Key words: Gender violence, male domination, human rights.
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Menezes Carvalho, Luciana, and Débora Cecília Guquelin Theobald. "VOCÊ É ÚNICA: Análise da Representação Feminina na Revista Atrevida por Meio dos Modos de Organização do Discurso." Revista Observatório 3, no. 5 (August 1, 2017): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.20873/uft.2447-4266.2017v3n5p321.
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No presente artigo, buscamos identificar a representação feminina presente na revista Atrevida, por meio da análise dos modos de organização do discurso. Para tanto, utilizamos, como base teórica e metodológica, a Teoria Semiolinguística de Patrick Charaudeau, com recorte nos modos de organização do discurso descritivo e enunciativo. O corpus de pesquisa é composto pelas edições de abril, julho e novembro de 2015 da revista, nas quais analisamos as seções “Qual é a dele?”, “Meu corpo” e “Você é única”. A partir da análise realizada, concluímos que a revista coloca-se como amiga conselheira das leitoras, além de reproduzir, em sua maioria, uma representação baseada nos padrões comportamentais e estéticos tradicionalmente atribuídos às mulheres na sociedade patriarcal.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Representação; feminismo; modos de organização; discurso; revista Atrevida.
ABSTRACT
In the present article, we seek to identify the feminine representation presented in the Atrevida magazine, through the analysis of the methods of discourse organization. For that, we use, as theoritical and methodological basis, the Semiolinguistic Theory of Patrick Charaudeau, with a side view on the descriptive and enunciative ways of discourse organization. The research corpus is composed of the magazines issues of April, July and November of 2015, in which we analyzed the sections "What's up with him?", "My body" and "You are unique". Based on our analysis, we concluded that the magazine poses as a friend of the reader, as well reproducing, for the most part, a representation based on the behavioral and aesthetic patterns traditionally attributed to women in patriarchal society.
KEYWORDS: Representation; feminism; Discourse organization; discourse; Atrevida magazine.
RESUMEN
En este artículo, buscamos identificar la representación femenina en la revista Atrevida, a través del análisis de los modos de organización del discurso. Por lo tanto, se utiliza como base teórica y metodológica, la Teoría Semiolinguistica de Patrick Charaudeau con el corte en las formas de organizar el discurso descriptivo y declarativo. El corpus de la investigación se compone de las ediciones de abril, julio y noviembre de 2015 de la revista, en la que se analizaron las secciones "¿Qué pasa con el?" "Mi cuerpo" y "Eres única”. A partir del análisis realizada, se concluye que la revista se pone como amiga consejera de las lectoras, además de reproducir, en la mayoría de los casos, una representación basada en las normas de comportamiento y estéticas tradicionalmente atribuidos a las mujeres en la sociedad patriarcal.
PALABRAS CLAVE: Representación; feminismo; modos de organización; discurso; revista Atrevida.
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Sánchez Tierra, José Luis. "Feminismo y discapacidad." Cuestiones de género: de la igualdad y la diferencia, no. 5 (December 15, 2010): 407. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/cg.v0i5.3795.
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<p>Históricamente se ha asociado la discapacidad a lo defectuoso, lo imperfecto, etc. La sociedad, lejos de asumir el problema de la discapacidad, lo redujo al ámbito de lo individual, negándose a asumir la parte de la responsabilidad que le corresponde. Mientras, filósofos y científicos, en su búsqueda de la ―universalidad‖, ante el problema de la discapacidad, profirieron la acusación de marginal, acuñando el término ―normal‖ como base paradigmática de una pseudociencia patriarcal que, de forma paralela, imprimía en la mujer la imagen de lo naturalmente incompleto e incapacitado, inferior al hombre en inteligencia y moral, relegándola a labores asistenciales. Algunos enfoques feministas, reconociendo paralelismos con el problema de la discapacidad, lejos de ignorarlo, lo asumen, saliendo beneficiados, al optar por la liberación y la inclusión en sus más amplias cotas.</p><p>Historically, disability was associated to defective, imperfect, etc. The society, far from assume the problem of disability, reduced it to the scope of the individual, refusing to assume the part of responsibility that it‘s entitled. Meanwhile, philosophers and scientists, in their search of the ―universality‖, before the problem of the disability, uttered the charge of marginal, coining the term ―normal‖ as a paradigmatic basis of a patriarchal pseudoscience that, in a parallel way, printed on woman the image of naturally incomplete and disabled, inferior to man in intelligence and morals, relegating her to care work. Some feminist approaches, recognizing parallelisms with the problem of disability, far from ignoring, assume it, being better off with it, by opting for liberation and inclusion in their broadest dimensions. </p>
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SOUZA, JULIANA. "Das várias linguagens do poder contemporâneo: feminismos, neoliberalismo e jornalismos * From the various languages of contemporary power: feminisms, neoliberalism and journalism." História e Cultura 4, no. 1 (March 6, 2015): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18223/hiscult.v4i1.1488.
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<p><strong>Resumo</strong>: No presente artigo, busco problematizar a reflexão sobre os feminismos, tal como hoje se encontram organizados na economia neoliberal, na difusão de seus referenciais emancipatórios e na desconstrução das representações convencionais das mulheres. Procurarei identificar em que medida os feminismos e as identidades das mulheres vêm sendo (re)produzidas e reforçadas pelo discurso institucional. Em particular, esta análise permitir-nos-á também refletir como a “linguagem do pós-feminismo”, apropriada, sobretudo, pela mídia, pode ser observada e interpretada como um fenómeno social que envolve tanto as estruturas de poder como as lógicas identitárias de uma sociedade patriarcal de consumo.</p><p><strong>Palavras-chave</strong>: Linguagem; Estudos das Mulheres e de Género; Identidades e Representações; Neoliberalismo; Discurso Mediático.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstract</strong>: In this article, I discuss the reflection on feminisms, as today are organized in neoliberal economics, in disseminating their emancipatory frameworks and in the deconstruction of conventional representations of women. I will seek to identify the extent to which feminism and women's identities are being (re)produced and reinforced by institutional discourse. In particular, this analysis allows us to also reflect how the "language of post-feminism", appropriate, especially by the media, can be observed and interpreted as a social phenomenon involving both power structures as the logical identity of a patriarchal society of consumption.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Language; Women's and Gender Studies; Identities and Representations; Neoliberalism; Media Discourse.</p>
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SOSA, MARCELO GONÇALVES. "A VIOLÊNCIA DE GÊNERO NO BRASIL: O CASO DOS CRIMES PASSIONAIS." Revista Eletrônica do Curso de Direito da UFSM 7, no. 1 (June 7, 2012): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198136947171.
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RESUMOO artigo que segue pretende focalizar a violência de gênero no Brasil, notadamente uma de suas manifestações- os crimes passionais- através da análise de textos de autores elencados aqui e que tem versado sobre esse tema ao longo da história do Brasil. Assim partimos de um problema concreto qual seja: os crimes passionais podem ser considerados questões de gênero? Partindo assim, desse mote, identificamos na literatura jurídica elementos que apontam nessa direção e corroboram essa assertiva. Nesse ínterim, episódios relacionados aos crimes passionais que envolveram adultérios ou suspeitas de adultérios tiveram um tratamento diferenciado. No estado patriarcal de cunho marcadamente machista, os homens quando acusados de adultério recebiam um tratamento benevolente. Ao contrário quando as mulheres eram acusadas de adúlteras, recebiam da sociedade, a reprovação e muitos homens agiam contra elas da forma mais violenta, respondendo ao que a sociedade esperava deles, ou seja, a morte ou mutilação da mulher. Assim quando nos referimos aos crimes passionais ou crimes da paixão, estamos tratando de um universo marcante da violência de gênero que engloba análises de vários matizes e tendências.Palavras-chave: violência, gênero, crimes passionais. ABSTRACTThe following article intends to focus on gender violence in Brazil, especially one of its manifestations, crimes of passion, through analysis of texts by authors listed here who have learned about this theme throughout the history of Brazil. So we start with a concrete problem which is: crimes of passion can be considered gender issues? Starting then, this theme, we identified elements in the legal literature pointing in that direction and support this assertion. In the meantime, episodes related to crimes of passion involving adultery or suspected adultery had a different treatment. In the state's patriarchal slant markedly macho men when accused of adultery received benevolent treatment. Unlike when they were accused of adulterous women, received the society, the reproach and many men were acting against them in the most violent, responding to what society expected of them, ie, death or mutilation of women. So when we refer to crimes of passion or crimes of passion, we are dealing with a universe marked gender-based violence which includes analysis of various hues and trends.Keywords: violence, gender, crimes of passion. Identificador de Objeto Digital (DOI)10.5902/198136947171
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Gámez García, María del Mar Gámez. "La violencia contra la mujer en el teatro de Federico García Lorca = Violence Against Women in the Theatre of Federico García Lorca." Cuestiones de género: de la igualdad y la diferencia, no. 14 (June 27, 2019): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/cg.v0i14.5805.
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<p><strong>Resumen</strong></p><p>Este trabajo se propone examinar los diferentes tipos de violencia contra la mujer que es posible encontrar en el teatro de Federico García Lorca con el propósito de ofrecer una nueva visión sobre el conjunto de su obra teatral basada en esta temática y en la relación entre sus personajes femeninos y masculinos desde una perspectiva contemporánea. Otro de los objetivos de este trabajo será abordar las causas que podrían haber llevado al dramaturgo granadino a abordar este asunto. El estudio del tema de la violencia contra la mujer en la obra de García Lorca nos permitirá reflexionar sobre las causas, manifestaciones y dimensiones de la violencia machista tanto en la sociedad patriarcal de su época como en las sociedades actuales.</p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>This paper examines the different types of violence against women in the theatre of Federico García Lorca with the aim to offer a new vision of this topic and of the relationship between his female and male characters in his theatrical works from a contemporary point of view. Another of the purposes of this article will be to analyze the possible causes that could have led the Spanish playwright to deal with this topic in most of his plays. The study of the topic of violence against women in the theatre of García Lorca will allow us to reflect on the causes, manifestations, and dimensions of misogynist violence in the patriarchal society of his time, as well as on our current societies.</p>
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Sánchez Gómez, María Soledad. "«¿Qué es ser una mujer?» : histeria y posmodernidad en A streetcar named desire." Epos : Revista de filología, no. 27 (January 1, 2011): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/epos.27.2011.10679.
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Frente al planteamiento de género, dicotómico e invariable, basado en la tradición humanista y destacado por gran parte de la crítica teatral y literaria como algo esencial a la hora de analizar A Streetcar Named Desire, mi intención es demostrar que la obra, de manera compleja y sutil, rompe esta dicotomía por medio de la figura de Blanche, la histérica que desestabiliza el sistema de sexo/género normativo preestablecido por la sociedad patriarcal. En esta línea, la ya mítica representación realizada por el grupo teatral norteamericano Split Britches en 1991, basada en una relectura libre de esta obra, dinamita otras lecturas anteriores al utilizar la homosexualidad, una hiperfeminidad travestida y el juego de roles queer como clave de interpretación. Tanto Split Britches, con su versión transgénero, como la Blanche más ortodoxamente presentada por Tennessee Williams plantean la eterna pregunta que según Jacques Lacan lanza abierta o subliminalmente toda mujer con una estructura psíquica histérica: “Qué es una mujer?, ¿qué significa serlo?, ¿cuál es su deseo?”.Many critics have tended to assume the traditionally humanist understanding of gender as rigid and binary when analysing A Street Car Named Desire. It is the purpose of this essay to demonstrate that this play breaks up this dichotomy in a subtle and complex way through the figure of Blanche, the hysteric able to destabilise the sex/gender system as established by patriarchal society. In this vein, the already mythical performance of this play by the American theatre group Split Britches, undermines former readings by using homosexuality, cross-dressed hyperfemininity and queer role-playing as keys for interpretation. Both the original (more orthodox) Blanche as portrayed by Tennessee Williams and the Split Britches re-reading of this play present the enduring questions posed time and again by women with a hysterical psychic structure: “What is a woman?, What does it mean? What is her desire?”
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Sánchez-Guzmán, Eva, and Violeta Nicolás Martínez. "¿De qué se viste el cuerpo en el arte de acción? Performance y memoria a través de la indumentaria." Arte y Políticas de Identidad 24 (June 28, 2021): 91–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/reapi.484761.
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El presente texto está motivado por las inquietudes artísticas que mantienen las autoras ante la performance por un lado y la indumentaria por otro. Por ello, asumiendo la función simbólica del vestirse, el objetivo general ha sido entender la vestimenta como parte simbólica de la acción. Para ello, hemos visionado y consultado las obras clave en la historia de la performance además de otras más contemporáneas para centrar el estudio en acciones en las que vestirse posee también un carácter de reparación de la memoria. Concluimos observando que este tipo de acciones ha permitido a mujeres artistas reclamar la posesión de su propio cuerpo, revisar la historia patriarcal, y reivindicar un lugar propio en la sociedad. El texto recoge, así mismo, dos acciones de las autoras pues entendemos que nuestra investigación artística parte, tal como hemos indicado, de nuestra propia práctica. The following text originates in the artistic inquisitiveness the authors share with respect to performance, on one hand, and clothing on the other. Hence, presuming a symbolic function within attire, our general goal has been to understand clothing as a symbolic part of the action. With this purpose, we have watched and accessed the most meaningful works in the history of performance art, as well as others more attuned to contemporaneity, to focus the analysis on actions in which clothing also has a veneer of memory reparation. We conclude by observing that this type of actions allowed women artists to claim ownership of their very bodies, to amend patriarchal history, and to stake their place in society. In addition, the text gathers two actions by the authors of this essay, since we understand that our artistic research, as we have specified, begins in our own artistic practice.
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Das, Sikha. "Gender, Power and Conflict of Identities." South Asian Survey 24, no. 1 (March 2017): 88–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971523118783037.
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The article intends to understand the phenomenon of witch hunting among the Rabha community of Goalpara district in Assam. It attempts to map the changes which Rabha society has undergone in the process of the construction from matrilineal to a patriarchal society. The shift from matrilineal to patriarchal is an outcome of the emergence of ‘identity formation’ among the male members of the Rabhas. Therefore, the construction of the identity has become a major issue regarding the establishment of the patriarchal setup in their society. As a result, the women those were considered as powerful are now seen as a threat to the patriarchy. In this regard, particularly, the women healers or midwives, who hold the expertise in the area of gynaecology, have become a threat to the patriarchal setup. In the name of identity creation, the patriarchal society started to brand the powerful women as the practitioners of evil powers. The popular term used by the Rabhas for a woman who is known as a keeper of evil power is tikkar. In the article, I have reflected on my ethnographic study as an outsider from the community.
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Cheruiyot, Chemutai Beatrice, Christopher Okemwa, and Nyangemi Bwocha. "Social Strategies Used by the Kipsigis Women to Contest Patriarchal Structures as Highlighted in the Songs of Diana Chemutai Musila and Babra Chepkoech." East African Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 2, no. 1 (September 17, 2020): 100–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajis.2.1.215.
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Many women in Kenya, and in particular those in the Kipsigis community, are still faced with many challenges due to the patriarchal nature of their society, although the new Kenya constitution passed in 2010 provides a framework for attaining gender equality. Among the many methods of protest, art has been used in many societies as an instrument for contesting social ills including patriarchy. This has also been true to the Kipsigis community. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the use of selected popular Kipsigis songs of Diana Chemutai Musila (Chelele) and Babra Chepkoech to contest patriarchy. Specifically, the study analysed the aspects of patriarchal oppression of the Kipsigis women as depicted in the selected Kipsigis songs; explored ways used by the Kipsigis women to contest patriarchy as highlighted in the selected Kipsigis songs and examined the literary devices used by the selected singers to expose patriarchal oppression in the selected Kipsigis songs. The target population were ten songs from the two Kipsigis artists. These artists and their songs were chosen purposively. The study was guided by American feminist literary critic and writer Elaine Showalter’s feminist ideas to explore how the artists capture the experiences of the Kipsigis women in their songs. Specifically, the study used theory to describe the existing tendencies of patriarchy in the Kipsigis society as depicted in the community’s Kipsigis songs. The data was analysed thematically and interpreted in line with the research objectives, the reviewed literature and the theoretical framework adopted for the study. The research established that popular songs, in general, are used not only for entertainment but also to address issues of great concern for society such as fighting for equity among spouses in the Kipsigis community. The study saw that there was/is need for composers to develop music that portrays positive roles of members of both genders, which could lead to the realization of an equiponderant society where men and women coexist peacefully.
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Train, Kelly Amanda. "PATRIARCHY AND THE “OTHER” IN THE WESTERN IMAGINATION: HONOUR KILLINGS AND VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN." International Journal of Child, Youth and Family Studies 12, no. 1 (March 12, 2021): 143–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/ijcyfs121202120087.
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The purpose of this article is to explore the pedagogical challenges of teaching university-level, feminist, anti-racist courses that examine how Eurocentric patriarchal practices of male violence against women within Canadian society are normalized and obscured through the concept of honour killing. I argue that the normalization of Western structures and practices of patriarchy reproduces racism, sexism, and classism by focusing attention on the “Otherness” of non-Western forms of patriarchy. Honour killings are rendered as distinct from other forms of male violence against women on the basis that they are seen solely as a product of non-Western cultures and religions and not as part of a spectrum of forms of male violence against women practised by all patriarchal societies in Western and non-Western countries.
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Mozumder, Subrata Chandra. "Marital Suffering in Sylvia Plath’s Poetry: A Feminist Reading." American, British and Canadian Studies 34, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 124–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/abcsj-2020-0008.
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AbstractThis article discusses marital suffering, as portrayed by Sylvia Plath from a feminist viewpoint, and claims that her delineation of marital afflictions is a tool of protest against patriarchal oppression. In a convention-ridden patriarchal society, a woman usually cannot express her voice and remains suffocated by her personal agony and ache. However, Plath tries to break the conventions in her poetry, by representing the unjust institution of patriarchal marriage, which treats women as commodities. Many critics have noted that Plath’s marital sufferings are responsible for her suicidal death, which is a means of protest against, and resistance to, patriarchy. Since her poetry represents both her psycho-social suffering and her fight against the margins set by patriarchal society, one may consider her poetry to be a weapon of setting her “self,” as well as other women’s, free from male-dominated psychological imprisonment. The article explores how Plath’s poetic persona emerges as the Phoenix, the libertarian spirit, by deliberately exposing her marital sufferings, psycho-sexual torture, husband’s infidelity, and the ultimate death resulting from conjugal unhappiness, which is interpreted as a protest against all kinds of patriarchal discriminations.
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Intentilia, Anak Agung Mia. "Analyzing Patriarchy, Political Participation, and Active Citizenship in ASEAN." Intermestic: Journal of International Studies 5, no. 1 (November 30, 2020): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/intermestic.v5n1.2.
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By analyzing to what extent does patriarchy hinders women's political participation, this paper discusses the relation of patriarchy and active citizenship for women in ASEAN member states. For the purpose of analysis, this paper uses the theory of patriarchy and the theory of active citizenship related to politics, gender, and citizenship aspects by using qualitative method and literature analysis. This paper finds that patriarchal culture has a significant impact in hindering women's political participation because it has been institutionalized through: (i) political party practices; (ii) tradition, religion, and customary laws; and (iii) gender segregation in the society. Since the political participation is limited, therefore, the “exclusion” of women in the society within ASEAN member states remains. They belong to the marginalized group and are unable to access equal power and resources to act their active citizenship.
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Galic, Branka. "A case study of retraditionalization and clericalization of the Croatian society: “Feminist threat” at the governing position of a higher education institution." Sociologija 60, no. 1 (2018): 210–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc1801210g.
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A case-study from a governing position of a higher education institution in Croatia will seek to demonstrate processes of dynamics of governance, manipulation and patriarchal power relations towards professional and feminist engagement and resistance to the authoritarian imposition of patriarchal norms and expectations by personal case study with autoethnography method. This is a case of professional and personal working experience in the top-administration of a higher education institution in Croatia, where was expressed a whole range of manifold forms and abuses of power, public insults and defamations in an attempt to maintain the patriarchal power system, value system etc, further imposing a more rigid form of patriarchy, even more ?cemented?. In this process various actors, individuals, groups, institutions, various social influential groups have been involved. We shall examine especially repressive approach in an attempt to eliminate one person from her workplace in a higher education institution who was labelled as a secular and ?feminist threat? who publicly expressed her opinion on the perspective of a non-transparent hidden and later attempted networking of incompatible types of institutions with different religious versus scientific principles, values and legal foundations as well as patriarchy interests.
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Hadi, Abdul. "Workplace Sexual Harassment and its Underreporting in Pakistan." European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 10, no. 1 (March 2, 2018): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejis.v10i1.p148-153.
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Sexual harassment in workplace is a reflection of unequal power relationship among genders and should not be seen as isolated cases emanating from psychological or criminal roots. The practice of sexual harassment in the workplace occurs in occupations and industries which turns working environment for women into stressful, damaging, and hostile and make it difficult for them to achieve their rightful place in employment. Sexual harassment in the workplace is the most frequent form of gender-based violence occurring in Pakistani society characterized by patriarchy and gender segregation. When women attempt to join workforce and take economic responsibilities of family in opposite to predominating social norms, they have to suffer from sexual harassment. This speaks not just to the structure of the work place, but the entrenched culture of female objectification, which quite often paints women as mere recipients for male desire – views that are reproduced and perpetuated in a work place. This study is an endeavor to spot the causes of sexual harassment in the workplace in Pakistan; and what are the underlying factors which lead to under-reporting of the incidences of sexual harassment in the workplace. This study asserts that the patriarchal values prevailing in Pakistani society breed sexual harassment in the workplace also preclude victims to report the incidence by not giving them appropriate moral, cultural and legal support. This study argues that in an environment like Pakistan where rule of law is not prevalent in entire society so just having policies and awareness regarding these policies could not be a valid and significant element for lowering the sexual harassment experience in the workplace. Sexual Harassment in the workplace reflects the unequal power relationships between genders in patriarchy society of Pakistan and cannot be combated until patriarchal mindsets are changed which can be achieved only by transforming the existing patriarchal society itself that is producing such mindsets.
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Hadi, Abdul. "Workplace Sexual Harassment and its Underreporting in Pakistan." European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 4, no. 1 (March 2, 2018): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejis.v4i1.p148-153.
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Sexual harassment in workplace is a reflection of unequal power relationship among genders and should not be seen as isolated cases emanating from psychological or criminal roots. The practice of sexual harassment in the workplace occurs in occupations and industries which turns working environment for women into stressful, damaging, and hostile and make it difficult for them to achieve their rightful place in employment. Sexual harassment in the workplace is the most frequent form of gender-based violence occurring in Pakistani society characterized by patriarchy and gender segregation. When women attempt to join workforce and take economic responsibilities of family in opposite to predominating social norms, they have to suffer from sexual harassment. This speaks not just to the structure of the work place, but the entrenched culture of female objectification, which quite often paints women as mere recipients for male desire – views that are reproduced and perpetuated in a work place. This study is an endeavor to spot the causes of sexual harassment in the workplace in Pakistan; and what are the underlying factors which lead to under-reporting of the incidences of sexual harassment in the workplace. This study asserts that the patriarchal values prevailing in Pakistani society breed sexual harassment in the workplace also preclude victims to report the incidence by not giving them appropriate moral, cultural and legal support. This study argues that in an environment like Pakistan where rule of law is not prevalent in entire society so just having policies and awareness regarding these policies could not be a valid and significant element for lowering the sexual harassment experience in the workplace. Sexual Harassment in the workplace reflects the unequal power relationships between genders in patriarchy society of Pakistan and cannot be combated until patriarchal mindsets are changed which can be achieved only by transforming the existing patriarchal society itself that is producing such mindsets.
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Baharudin, Rahmawati. "Patrarkhi dalam Sistem Keluarga Muslim Tradisional." Ijtihad : Jurnal Wacana Hukum Islam dan Kemanusiaan 10, no. 1 (June 30, 2010): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.18326/ijtihad.v10i1.69-88.
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The system of patriarchy has a minor view on women who are considered as subordinated to men due to their lack of intelligence. Religious texts interpreted from androcentric point of view, local culture of Arabian society of the middle age, and the influence of social system of Persians and romans are responsible in perpetuating the system patriarchy. By emphasizing universal concept of the Quran on justice, equality and harmony, this article aims to repudiate the argument of patriarchy which permeates traditional Muslim social system. This article also critically examines misogynic hadith on fitna, absolute surrender and lack of intelligence of women of wife, upon which patriarchal authority and women subordination is based.
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Wood, Hannelie. "REVISITING MARY DALY: HER VIEWS ON THE TRINITY, MARIOLOGY AND THE FALL AS POST-CHRISTIAN MYTHS." Studia Historiae Ecclesiasticae 41, no. 1 (August 3, 2015): 138–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2412-4265/98.
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According to Daly, the church doctrines on the Triune God, Christology, Mariology and the Fall are all myths, originated from, and as a result of, patriarchy. Daly deals with many topics from a woman’s viewpoint such as deity, evil, Christology, morality and the church. Daly contends throughout her works that women’s power has been stolen from them through the ingrained structures of patriarchy and that women have to reclaim what is theirs. Daly believes that this means the castration of patriarchal language and images that are part of the structures of a sexist world. She sees patriarchy as a world religion and believes that all religions are subjects of patriarchy − living off female energy. Without any doubt, historically women were marginalised: not only in society but also within the church. However with this said, this article will contend that Daly has succumbed to her anger and rage against the patriarchal structures that oppressed her – and other women – placing the blame squarely on God. Daly rejected God as divine omnipotent, divine immutable and divine providence and objected to the fact that God is viewed as being changeless. The wrong ideas of God’s existence were a result of androcentric theological teachings and doctrines, and she turned away from the Christian faith altogether.
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Nehere, Kalpana. "Patriarchal Features in Post-Independence Indian English Novels." Feminist Research 2, no. 2 (June 2, 2019): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21523/gcj2.18020203.
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Feminist analyses of novels can give insights about women’s life in contemporary society. Fifteen Indian novels written after independence by women and men novelists have been reviewed to understand the role of patriarchy with feminist approach. These novels depict patriarchy as symbolic power, property rights, essence of father, husband and child, urge for son, women’s activities for the sake of husband, etc. Hierarchal stratified caste base Indian social structure supports patriarchy as notion. Characters, setting or situations, dialogues, point of view, etc. in these selected novels show unequal, secondary and exploited status of women in Indian society. Women blindly follow patriarchal rules and traditional structure with rituals. Therefore, justice, liberty, equality and fraternity given in Constitution of India are yet to be achieved for women. Only few characters are rebellious for their constitutional rights and came out of home at workplaces but as ‘hands of gold’. The findings and analysis of the study are useful to understand the status of women in Indian society for planning and management to achieve constitutional provisions for social welfare.
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Ali, Arshad, Athar Rashid, and Ameer Sultan. "Oppression of Women in Pakistani Society: A Corpus-Based Study of Patriarchy in Sidhwa's The Pakistani Bride." Global Language Review V, no. III (September 30, 2020): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/glr.2020(v-iii).07.
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This paper deals with a corpus-based analysis of patriarchy in The Pakistani Bride, a novel written by Bapsi Sidhwa. The primary concern of the study is the adjectives used for the sketching of the Pakistani patriarchal society. Computer technology is widely used these days for the corpus analysis of literary texts such as novels, plays, poetry, etc. For this study, the text of the novel was collected from the internet and used for the corpus compilation. The corpus was analyzed using a corpus tool, AntConc. All the adjectives used in the text were analyzed and explained, highlighting the theme of patriarchy in the novel. The findings of the study suggest that patriarchy is a major theme of this novel, and adjectives play a crucial role in the description of gender discrimination, social constraints, and oppression of women.
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Mutrofin, Mutrofin. "Kesetaraan Gender dalam Pandangan Amina Wadud dan Riffat Hassan." Teosofi: Jurnal Tasawuf dan Pemikiran Islam 3, no. 1 (October 23, 2015): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/teosofi.2013.3.1.234-266.
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<p>This article will explore the similarities and differences between women with conceptually men voiced by Amina Wadud and Riffat Hasan. An important point that can be drawn from this is Amina Wadud thinking that he wants to dismantle the old thinking or even myths caused by biased interpreta-tion of the reconstruction methodology patriarchy through his commentary. Because it is not really in line with the basic principles and spirit of the Qur’ân. The Qur’ân actually very fair in the seated men and women. It’s just that this has become distorted by the presence of a biased interpretation of patriarchy, the more reinforced by the political system and society is very patriarchal. While Riffat Hassan argues that religious texts produced scientists and theologians influenced by a proven classic patriarchal culture. This then led to the emergence of theological arguments were dug from the Qur’ân as the primary text of Islam called feminist theology.</p>
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Mehmood, Sadaf. "Tabooed Subaltern: A Study of Ghulam Abbas’ Reshma and The Women Quarter." Pakistan Journal of Gender Studies 16, no. 1 (March 8, 2018): 121–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.46568/pjgs.v16i1.119.
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Woman in Pakistan is defined through her body. Throughout her life she bears the burden of family honour and prestige to move in patriarchal society of Pakistan. In such a society where women experience different socio-cultural and economic marginalization, it becomes difficult to articulate oppression of the fallen women who trade their honour and prestige for the sake of money. While challenging the sociocultural standards of honour, the sufferings of their lives are completely neglected within the confinements of hegemonic patriarchy. These socially outcast women are tabooed subaltern who experience the brutalities not as human beings but as objects and commodities. An invisible line is being drawn by the patriarchs between these fallen women and the mainstream society whereby the respectable women devoid of any socio-economic discrimination live and struggle for their survival. To investigate the intricate lives of tabooed subaltern, present study dwells on subaltern theory of Gayatri C. Spivak. This research aims to investigate that how tabooed woman exhibits her agency but remains unheard or silent and how the literary world articulate intricate existence of tabooed subaltern within socio-cultural chains? To examine this, I have selected Ghulam Abbas’ Reshma and The Women’s Quarter which discuss the positioning of tarnished women who are, because of their ruined celibacy, alien to the society where men and women perform their traditional roles with honour and respect. The study is significant to extend and develop Spivak's dealing of socio-cultural silence to identify how literature might form an alternative archive attuned to the complexities of voicing the tabooed subaltern.
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Khan, Shehnaz. "Existential Crisis, Sexuality and Immutable Plight of Women in the Plays 'Sakharam Binder' and ‘Silence the Court is in Session'." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 8, no. 12 (December 31, 2020): 41–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v8i12.10857.
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“It's a men's world women are here only to assist, serve and please men. It’s the way the world has always been.”
In the world there is only one supreme culture prevailing universally in all the societies is the men-centric culture, which is all powerful and all pervasive. This patriarchal culture and its norms are so deeply engrained in the soul of people that they relegate women into fringe or secondary position.
Women's rights talk about equality in each aspects of life but in India where patriarchy has solid roots in society, it appears to be extremely hard to acquire concordance and equality in power structures. Patriarchy has clasped Indian middle class society in its stereotyped shackles and its hold on society is unbending and heavy which adversely affects the lives of women. The torture born by women is the result of brutal dominating tendency of males and Tendulkar in general, spotlights on the patriarchal society in both of his plays. He indicated how a men centric society and women's liberation are interconnected and how male domination transforms into maltreatment of women. All the power in Indian society is in the hands of the males which at last prompts the pathetic state of females. Power, when gets discordant, without a doubt results into persecution and domination whether it is mastery of man over women or the other way around. Indian middle class has the same imbalanced power structure and consequently male domination exists because of male dominated society. The ruling idea of males tosses women into a well of persecution of each sort. Such state of females is exhibited by Tendulkar in ‘Sakharam Binder' and in ‘Silence the Court is in Session' caused by the patriarchal system of culture wherein the women have to struggle hard and pass through severe plight to establish their place in society. As we see in case of these three women Miss Benare, Laxmi and Champa. All these three are discarded women who strive hard for their existence in society and have to pass through so many inextricable difficulties. But the plight goes immutable, and unending.
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Ramli, Abdul Jalil, and Sohaimi Abdul Aziz. "Nyai in Partriarchal and Colonial Society: A Subaltern Study of Nyai Ontosoroh in Pramoedya Ananta Toer's Bumi Manusia." Malay Literature 26, no. 2 (December 8, 2013): 185–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.37052/ml.26(2)no4.
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The practice of nyai began in Indonesia in the 17th century when the Dutch colonizers began strengthening their foothold there. A nyai is none other than a concubine or a mistress to a foreigner, especially a European. The nyai were a group of women who were exploited during the Dutch occupation. To what extent was a nyai merely a sexual object to colonizers, and is associated with the use of force which was prevalent in the patriarchal Javanese society? Did the nyai voice their rights? Did the authorities care about their hardship? This essay shall analyse these issues using the approach of Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak’s subaltern studies, which puts foward the concept of subaltern women as oppressed women without a voice. Although others could voice the problems on their behalf, this is not the voice of subaltern women themselves as the party that voices out their problems may have other interests. This analysis is of subaltern women in Pramoedya Ananta Toer’s novel This Earth of Mankind ( Bumi Manusia ). This study confirms that Nyai Ontosoroh is a subaltern woman in two types of society, i.e. patriarchal and colonial society. She is manipulated for the interests of men and for colonizers. Nyai Ontosoroh can be taken to be an example of the exploitation of women in a patriarchal society. Nyai Ontosoroh herself attempts to voice out her rights as a daughter and a mother. Patriarchal and colonial groups continually deny subaltern women like Nyai Ontosoroh their rights. Keywords: subaltern women, patriarchy, nyai , colonialism
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Ali, Hira, Tabinda Khawer, and Noor-ul Ain. "Representation of Female Figure in Sidhwa’s “The Bride”." ANNALS OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND PERSPECTIVE 1, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.52700/assap.v1i2.21.
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The research aims at examining the essence of patriarchy in the ill-treatment of post-colonial women. Women were deliberately manipulated in that era. This highlights the absurdity of patriarchal society as a governing power. The ruthless customs, honor of tribes and word of shame has only meanings for women. A patriarchal society like Pakistan which is repressive and oppressive gives privilege to men and allows their harsh treatment toward women, they are considered inferior to men and are sexually oppressed. This work covers the ways of Sidhwa with which she has applied the feministic approach in her work through gynocritic lense and concludes the excellence of the writer by which she has presented such a marvelous piece of English fiction in the history of Pakistan. We will also make an effort to depict the suppressed, objective, gendered and marginalized journey of Sidhwa’s woman.
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Kalesan, Hima Parayil. "Analysis of Women Characters in Karnad’s ‘Yayati’." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 7, no. 12 (December 28, 2019): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v7i12.10217.
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Karnad has revolutionized the image of women in drama through ‘Yayati’, one of his initial plays. He has contested the typical women image created by the dominant patriarchal idealogy. Though the women characters in ‘Yayati’ shows a spirit and strength unlike the docile nature and meekness expected of them, they all finally succumb to the bounds set by the patriarchal framework. However much rebellious they were to the norms of patriarchal set up; all these female characters could only partially succeed in creating an image of an emancipated woman. The play do not show the characters in an open wage against the societal structure and male domination but the female characters are shown to be thinking beyond the bounds set by the dominant ideology. The courage to break away from thinking along the lines of dominant misogynic ideology is a great step towards women’s emancipation. The essay is an attempt to show how Karnad’s female characters are struggling to break the fetters of patriarchy and yet are failing at it and succumbing to the patriarchal order of society ultimately.
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Alipour, Ahdiyeh, and Zanyar Kareem Abdul. "THE DISCONNECTED VOICES OF MOTHERHOOD AND DAUGHTERHOOD IN TONI MORRISON’S PARADISE: JOURNEY FROM UNCERTAINTY TO CHAOS." Language Literacy: Journal of Linguistics, Literature, and Language Teaching 4, no. 2 (December 28, 2020): 212–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.30743/ll.v4i2.2594.
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This paper is an attempt of analysing the problematic mother-daughter relationship in Paradise (1998), a female coming-of-age novel by Toni Morrison. In the novel, a black woman and her daughter had an uneasy relationship. The daughter strived to shape her own identity and future, but her uneasy relationship with her mother profoundly affected her choices and the way she lived. Undoubtedly, the patriarchal environment that had moulded the female identity and shaped a woman’s world resulted in a dysfunctional relationship between mother and daughter. Although the seed of maternal love existed in her heart as in all mothers, she was often incapable of transferring this love into words and actions, overwhelmed as she was by the pressures patriarchal society. The oppressive pressure on black women is depicted far surpassed that on the whites, and the former were ostracized from society merely because of who they were and by the colour of their skin. This paper explores how patriarchy and conventional beliefs could influence the mother-daughter relationship and prevented the expression of a mother’s true love, consequently depriving them of the opportunity or ability to perform physiologically and psychologically as mothers, biological or otherwise, in black communities. To liberate herself, the daughter had to struggle in the swamp, which her ancestors had created by the force of convention and patriarchy. However, when she eventually discovered the way to free herself from the swamp, she felt no welcome from society and so continued to remain isolated and ostracised.
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Marroum, Marianne. "Kareema’s Ecological Self in Salwa Bakr’s “Thirty-one Beautiful Green Trees” // El ser ecológico de Kareema en “Thirty-one Beautiful Green Trees” de Salwa Bakr." Ecozon@: European Journal of Literature, Culture and Environment 10, no. 1 (April 27, 2019): 164–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.37536/ecozona.2019.10.1.2653.
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This paper deals with “Thirty-one Beautiful Green Trees”, a short story written in Arabic by Salwa Bakr, the Egyptian critic, novelist and author. The reading I propose is extracted from deep ecology, namely the ecological self. It highlights the self’s identification with nature; opening one’s self up to the multifarious surrounding life forms, even when one lives in an urban setting. I hope to demonstrate that Kareema Fahmi, the protagonist, embodies the ecological self and tries to promote environmental ethics in the various settings in which the events unfold—her neighborhood, her work place, and the asylum she is admitted to. The events of the story also bring to the fore her experience of a marginalized woman in conservative patriarchal Egyptian society. I hope to illustrate how her concern for the quality of life, her love of nature, her love of her city Cairo and her feelings of oneness with the ecosystem, paradoxically, lead to tragic consequences of greater marginalization, and isolation, thus underscoring the cultural specificity of the story at hand. “Thirty-one Beautiful Green Trees” is unique in its representation of an Egyptian ecological self, that of a sensitive and environmentally conscious but ostracized young woman who desperately struggles to promote environmental ethics, free herself from bondage and assert her individuality in a society where women are silenced. Resumen Este ensayo explora “Thirty-one Beautiful Green Trees”, un relato corto escrito en árabe por Salwa Bakr, autora, novelista y crítica egipcia. Se propone una lectura a partir de la ecología profunda (Deep Ecology), específicamente usando el concepto de "ser ecológico." Este define la identificación del ser con la naturaleza; la apertura de uno mismo a las múltiples formas de vida alrededor, incluso si se vive en un entorno urbano. Este texto pretende demostrar que Kareema Fahmi, la protagonista del texto, personifica el ser ecológico e intenta promover una ética medioambiental en los diversos escenarios en los que se desarrollan los hechos—su barrio, su lugar de trabajo, y el centro en el que es admitida. Los sucesos de la historia también ponen en primer plano la experiencia de una mujer marginalizada en la sociedad patriarcal y conservadora egipcia. Así, se pretende ilustrar cómo su preocupación por la calidad de vida, su amor por la naturaleza, su amor por la ciudad de El Cairo y sus sentimientos de unidad con el ecosistema, paradójicamente, llevan a trágicas consecuencias de una mayor marginalización y aislamiento, enfatizando así la especificidad cultural de la historia en cuestión. “Thirty-one Beautiful Green Trees” es un texto único en su representación del ser ecológico egipcio, el de una joven mujer sensible y medioambientalmente consciente pero aislada, alguien que lucha desesperadamente por promover una ética medioambiental, por liberarse de las ataduras y reivindicar su individualidad en una sociedad en la que las mujeres son silenciadas.
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Rashid, Amina, and Md Masud Rana. "RACIAL INEEUQALITY AND SEXIST OPPRESSION IN TONI MORRISON'S BELOVED." Language Literacy: Journal of Linguistics, Literature, and Language Teaching 5, no. 1 (June 27, 2021): 136–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.30743/ll.v5i1.3727.
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AbstractThis study examines the construction of racialized society and gendered identities in fictional text of Morrison's Beloved. The research aim is to analyze and explore how these identities are constructed in Beloved by using a feminist approach. We find that the imposed ideal of femininity is absorbed and patriarchy is assumed. Female’s black characteristics are repressed both intra-communally and inter-communally. In the former, black female characters are not ‘fitted’ to white femininity as they strive for identity crisis even among the blacks. In the latter, they are whim of male dominance-subject of incest, rape and seduction. Though, women are doubly repressed, it is not the racial discrimination that threatens and jeopardizes black women identity rather a sheer domination of patriarchal power from within and without exaggerating debasing women life among the whites. Therefore, this paper reflects on the manifestation of femininity and patriarchy in a radicalized society and how these two interact in women life in Morison's Beloved.
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Nielsson, Joice Graciele, and André Giovane de Castro. "Women emancipation and human rights in "Husband", by Lídia Jorge." ANAMORPHOSIS - Revista Internacional de Direito e Literatura 6, no. 1 (June 28, 2020): 219–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21119/anamps.61.219-245.
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In this article, we debate on the condition of women in society and their emancipation from the patriarchal system. The method used is phenomenological-hermeneutical, with qualitative approach, exploratory technique, and bibliographical procedure. The research problem is: to what extent does the domination of men manifest itself over the female subject’s body and mind with aims at hindering their empowerment through acts of violence at home? This study is justified by the need and the urgency of understanding the historical constitutions of gender identities as a social, non-natural phenomenon. The research goal is to, at first, analyze patriarchy as a mechanism of superiority for men and of subjugation, submission and subjection for women. Secondly, this paper aims at understanding women’s incorporation of patriarchal precepts as an obstacle to emancipation, confrontation and resistance to domestic violence, based on the analysis of the short story "Husband" (Marido), by Portuguese writer Lídia Jorge. In conclusion, corroborating the starting hypothesis of the article, it appears that patriarchy hinders the emancipatory potential of women and, therefore, of human rights in the face of domination and violence by men.
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Khushbakht, Dr. Sadia Irshad, and Dr. Abdus Samad. "#MeToo as a Failed Movement of Women Empowerment in Pakistan: A Critical Discourse Analysis." Research Journal of Social Sciences and Economics Review (RJSSER) 2, no. 1 (March 7, 2021): 154–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.36902/rjsser-vol2-iss1-2021(154-167).
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The current study aims to understand the narrative of #MeToo in Pakistan as formulated by Pakistani Twitter users. Although the #MeToo movement emerged as a movement of women empowerment against the issues of sexual harassment and domestic violence, however today in the 21st-century women are still struggling with longstanding abuses and sexual harassment. The current study has explored how in the patriarchal society of Pakistan, the narrative of #MeToo is not acceptable and manipulated by certain societal forces for personal gain. Similarly, this research has also understood the influence of dominant discourses on the narrative of #MeToo. Through the use of Van Dijk's (1998), Ideological square, as a theoretical lens, the results of the study argue that the narrative of #MeToo is badly exploited subjugated by patriarchal notions to manipulate women empowerment in Pakistan. Two domains of the #MeToo movement have been explored i.e. Sexual harassment and Domestic violence through the current study and the results have revealed that in the patriarchal society of Pakistan domestic violence is given weightage over sexual harassment. Furthermore, Patriarchy has argued that the #MeToo movement is a movement of fame, to which the proponents of the #MeToo movement referred as Fame: A Blame Game to the movement. Lastly, the recommendations are offered as well.
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Sheba Elsa Jose. "The Trauma of Being a Woman: Oppression of Women in Arundhati Roy’s The God of Small Things." Creative Launcher 6, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.53032/tcl.2021.6.1.18.
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All around the world violence against women occurs daily. In India also women are subjected to oppression and humiliation in several ways day by day. Indian women are mainly oppressed because the country is built around a patriarchal mind set. Patriarchy is a social system in which each and everything in the family is controlled and decided by the males. They have the roles of political leadership, moral authority and property ownership. The patriarchal idea is that a woman’s only duty is to serve her father, brothers and her husband. Arunhati Roy’s The God of Small Things is a novel which is set in a patriarchal society. Breaking laws, forbidden relationships, the changing social order, oppression of women etc. are its main themes. This novel shows how differently men and women are treated according to the unwritten social norms. Women who stand against men and society are considered as the other and they will be punished accordingly. The present article analyses how Roy portrays an unpleasantly difficult situation of Indian women against the setting of Ayemenam, a southern Indian state of Kerala where the chain of relationships are very complex which traps the female characters subjecting them to repeated suppression.
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Murshid, Nadine Shaanta, and Filomena M. Critelli. "Empowerment and Intimate Partner Violence in Pakistan: Results From a Nationally Representative Survey." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 35, no. 3-4 (February 13, 2017): 854–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260517690873.
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Using empowerment theory, the current study examines antecedents of lifetime experience of intimate partner violence, intimate partner violence experienced in the last 12 months, emotional violence, and husbands’ controlling behaviors toward their wives in Pakistan. Using data from a subsample of 658 women from the nationally representative Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2012-2013, this study examined whether empowerment variables, such as household decision-making power, economic decision-making power, and adherence to patriarchy, operationalized as justification of wife beating, contribute to intimate partner violence using logistic regression analyses. Results indicate that adherence to patriarchal norms, household decision-making power, and higher education was found to be associated with lifetime prevalence of intimate partner violence. Adherence to patriarchal norms, economic decision-making power, and higher education was found significantly associated with intimate partner violence in the past 12 months. Adherence to patriarchal norms was significantly associated with experiencing emotional violence as well as controlling behaviors by husbands. In conclusion, women’s adherence to patriarchal norms is a reflection of the patriarchal society in which they live; indeed, this was found to be the most important predictor of women’s experience of intimate partner violence, when different types of violence were assessed. Implications for social work practice are discussed.
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Farrelly, Colin. "Patriarchy and Historical Materialism." Hypatia 26, no. 1 (2011): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.2010.01151.x.
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Why does the world have the pattern of patriarchy it currently possesses? Why have patriarchal practices and institutions evolved and changed in the ways they have tended to over time in human societies? This paper explores these general questions by integrating a feminist analysis of patriarchy with the central insights of the functionalist interpretation of historical materialism advanced by G. A. Cohen. The paper has two central aspirations: first, to help narrow the divide between analytical Marxism and feminism by redressing the former's neglect of the important role female labor has played, and continues to play, in shaping human history. Second, by developing the functionalist account of historical materialism in order to take patriarchy seriously, we can derive useful insights for diagnosing the emancipatory challenges that women face in the world today. The degree and form of patriarchy present in any particular society is determined by the productive forces it has had at its disposal. According to historical materialism, technological, material, and medical advances that ease the pressures on high fertility rates (such as the sanitation revolution, vaccinations, birth control, and so on) are the real driving forces behind the positive modulations to patriarchy witnessed in the twentieth century.
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Mishra, Indira Acharya. "Transformation of the Feminine Self in Yogamāyā." JODEM: Journal of Language and Literature 10, no. 1 (September 30, 2019): 48–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jodem.v10i1.30398.
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This article aims to analyze the struggle of Yogamaya, the lead female character of the novel Yogamāyā, by Neelam Karki Niharika. The novel based on the real life story of a rebel, Yogamaya, chronicles the incidents of her life that triggered her to cast off her feminine self and rebel for the establishment of a just society based on equity. The article examines those factors that force Yogamaya to rebel against the existing society and the process of her rebellion drawing insights form Helen Cixous and other feminists who find patriarchal gender roles based on binary opposition as oppressive, and suggest that women should act beyond gender binary and subvert the patriarchal norms and values that restrict them in every walk of their lives. I use transliteration and free translation while citing from the novel in the analysis. The finding of the article suggests that a number of factors instigate Yogamaya cast of her feminine self and emerge as a rebel. It helps to understand how Yogamaya subverts patriarchy within its bound exposing the inherent biasness in it.
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Ayub, Sheikh J., and Asif R. Raina. "Status of Woman in Ancient India: A Comparative Study of North Indian Society and Kashmir." Journal of South Asian Studies 6, no. 3 (October 23, 2018): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/jsas.006.03.2544.
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There is no doubt in saying that ancient Indian society was predominantly patriarchal in nature. The woman lived in an awful state and was lumped with shudras. The most inhuman practice was that of Sati which had gained social acceptance across the length and breadth of the society. But unlike the ancient Indian society, the society of Kashmir was almost free from all these elements which all time remained the core issues of Indian society. Sati system in India continued till British rule while as one finds just some literary references regarding sati in Kashmir. Even both the societies were religiously Hindu, both were ruled by Hindu dynasties and most importantly both were patriarchal in nature but both societies experienced different cultures. We argue that neither patriarchy nor religion can fully explain the subjugation of women. For instance, a woman in Kashmir enjoyed most of the social, political and economic rights than their counterparts in ancient India. Secondly, we argue that the caste system was not that rigid in Kashmir as it was in ancient India; hence caste mobilization was a usual affair in Kashmir and not in India. Thirdly, that the composite culture of Kashmir called Kashmiriyat has always been more inclusive, more accommodative than religious cultures. That is where a large difference is created between the two societies.