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Journal articles on the topic 'Patrimonial claims'
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Hafstein, Valdimar Tr. "Patrimonial Reflections." Ethnologies 36, no. 1-2 (October 12, 2016): 107–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1037602ar.
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The author of this paper argues that the rise of cultural heritage is perhaps the chief example of a newfound valuation of cultural practices and objects in terms of their expediency for economic and political purposes. This is culture as a resource: a novel configuration in which culture is now a central expedient in everything from creating jobs to reducing crime, from changing the face of cities through cultural tourism to managing differences and conflicts within the population. In this context, heritage provides a strong but flexible language for staking claims to culture and making claims based on culture. He suggests that the 2003Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritagesignals a reformation of global heritage policy. Where earlier UNESCO efforts were content to document and archive expressions of folklore and traditional culture, its intangible heritage initiatives aim to assure the transmission and continuity of traditional practicesin situ. This requires direct intervention in the communities involved. UNESCO enlists intangible heritage as an instrument for safeguarding community, a social and moral good perceived to be threatened by globalization. Intangible heritage has emerged as an instrument in the production of a strong (but not exclusive) sense of belonging for members of cultural communities within (and sometimes across) states. Population groups objectify their practices and expressions as “intangible heritage” and at the same time they subjectify themselves as “communities”. Government can then act on the social field through communities and by means of, among other things, heritage policies. The author also points out that many heritage practices take the body as their central objects – they turn the body into a site of performance. Indeed, intangible heritage is very much about the ways in which culture is embodied and the ways in which bodies are cultured.
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Steynberg, Loma, and Raheel Ahmed. "The interpretation of the amended RAF Act 56 of 1996 and the regulations thereto by the courts with regard to "serious injury" claims." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 15, no. 2 (May 25, 2017): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2012/v15i2a2487.
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The RAF Amendment Act 19 of 2005 came into effect on 1 August 2008 and sections 17(1) and 17(1A) introduced the concept of “serious injury”. This entails that a third-party claimant who wishes to claim compensation for non-patrimonial loss suffered after a motor-vehicle accident has to prove that his or her injury is “serious”. If the claimant’s injury is not considered “serious” no compensation will be awarded for the non-patrimonial loss suffered and, furthermore, the claimant will also not be entitled to claim any compensation from the wrongdoer in terms of common law (s 21 of the RAF Act). In a sequence of unreported cases the courts have provided guidelines on the procedure to be followed in serious-injury claims. Firstly, a claimant must submit himself or herself to an assessment by a medical practitioner registered under the Health Professions Act. Secondly, the medical practitioner must assess if the injuries sustained by the claimant fall within the list of “non-serious injuries”, and if so, compensation for non-patrimonial loss will not be awarded. If the injury is not on the list of non-serious injuries, the medical practitioner may assess the injuries and if they result in 30 per cent or more of whole-person impairment (“WPI”) compensation for non-patrimonial loss may be awarded. If the evaluation is that the 30 per cent of WPI cannot be reached, non-patrimonial loss may still be claimed if the injuries fall within the “narrative test”, namely (a) resulting in a serious long-term impairment or loss of a body function; (b) constituting permanent serious disfigurement; (c) resulting in severe long-term mental or severe long-term behavioural disturbance or disorder; or (d) resulting in the loss of a foetus. A plaintiff may use either of the two tests to establish serious injury and in such a manner qualify for compensation for non-patrimonial loss. A medical practitioner must complete and submit a serious-injury assessment report on the RAF 4. If the RAF is not satisfied that the injury has been correctly assessed they must (a) reject the serious-injury assessment report within 60 days and furnish reasons for the rejection; or (b) direct that the third party submit himself or herself, at the cost of the Fund, to a further assessment. Thereafter the RAF must either accept the further assessment or dispute the further assessment within 90 days. An Appeal Tribunal, consisting of three independent medical practitioners, has been created to hear these disputes.
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Wilson, Nicholas Hoover. "The Fixation of (Moral) Belief." European Journal of Sociology 59, no. 1 (April 2018): 13–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003975618000024.
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AbstractThis article argues that the transition between early-modern and modern organization of empires—especially the administrative outlooks and institutional logics used to govern them—revolved around how moral conflict was viewed within imperial organizations themselves and by metropolitan audiences. Early modern imperial organizations were deeply patrimonial, and hence relied on a style of embedded moral reasoning that distanced and segmented their affairs from the metropole. By contrast, modern empires order what they govern in hierarchies that are nominally objective and whose criteria seem universal. Using a case study of the British Empire’s crisis and transformation at the turn of the 19thcentury, I argue that modern imperial administration emerged because networks of moral justification, which provided the scaffolding for patrimonial early-modern empire, eroded in the face of “disinterested” metropolitan scrutiny. This scrutiny created an audience for bitter political and moral conflicts among imperial administrators, who then used disembedded moral claims to mobilize support.
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Collins, Erin. "OF CROWDED HISTORIES AND URBAN THEORY : A Feminist Critique of Temporal Closure and Patrimonial Claims to the Urban." International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 45, no. 4 (July 2021): 612–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.13026.
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Hellwig, Timothy, and Ian McAllister. "Party Positions, Asset Ownership, and Economic Voting." Political Studies 67, no. 4 (January 22, 2019): 912–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032321718815781.
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Conventional wisdom holds that asset owners favor parties on the center-right. This assumption, however, ignores the possibility that party positions may shift over time and across contexts. The electoral payoff from ownership thus depends on how the policies of the major parties treat those assets. In this article, we argue that the prediction that asset holders support right-of-center parties rests on the position-taking strategies of parties. We test this expectation with evidence from six elections in Australia and with a dataset of post-election surveys in 25 advanced democracies. Utilizing different measures for key concepts, both analyses support our claims. Study findings identify the supply side of electoral competition as an important condition for patrimonial economic voting and, more generally, confirm the role of parties in mobilizing voters around issues on which they have a competitive advantage.
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Gutiérrez Espada, Cesáreo. "La aplicación en España de los dictámenes de comités internacionales: la STS 1263/2018, un importante punto de inflexión = The application in Spain of the opinionsof international committees: STS 1263/2018, an important turning point." CUADERNOS DE DERECHO TRANSNACIONAL 10, no. 2 (October 5, 2018): 836. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/cdt.2018.4406.
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Resumen: La STS 1263/2018, de 17 de julio, acepta la aplicación en España del dictamen de un comité internacional creado en el marco de un tratado de derechos humanos del que España es parte y respecto del que aceptó expresamente la competencia de dicho comité para pronunciarse sobre reclamaciones individuales. Y de conformidad con su dictamen, condena al Estado al pago de una indemnización como reparación de los daños morales causados a la recurrente. El TS, con su sentencia, rompe con la situación anterior y acepta la relevancia en nuestro Derecho interno de los compromisos internacionales asumidos por nuestro país en materia de derechos y libertades fundamentales de la persona. Bienvenida sea.Palabras clave: efecto en España de los dictámenes de Comités internacionales, Ángela González Carreño, responsabilidad patrimonial de la Administración.Abstract: The STS 1263/2018, of July 17, accepts the application in Spain of the opinion of an international committee created by a treaty of Spain is part, committee in respect of which our country expressly accepted its competence to resolve individual claims. And in accordance with its ruling, it condemns the State to pay compensation as reparation to the appellant for the moral damages suffered. With this sentence, our TS breaks with the previous situation and accepts the relevance in our national Law of the international commitments of Spain on rights and fundamental liberties of the person. Welcome, be it.Keywords: effect in Spanish of the opinions of international committees, Angela Gonzalez Carreño, patrimonial responsability of the admmistration.
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Minialai, Caroline, and Gérard Hirigoyen. "Emotional dimensions of intra-family transmission: Moroccan Shipping, a team adrift." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 4, no. 5 (October 8, 2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-01-2014-0010.
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Subject area Intergenerational transmission is a paramount managerial and patrimonial issue. Although planning and governance tools are being developed and spread in business, the handling of emotions often remains the key to a successful process. It is within the framework of the paternalistic Moroccan society that we are led to question the psychology and emotions of the stakeholders in the transmission of this small services business. Study level/applicability Masters students in Family Business, Management Science, Entrepreneurship, Small Business Management. Case overview After 19 years of existence, Moroccan Shipping is confronted at the beginning of 2010 to the issue of the sustainability of the family business. The founder directs his affair with an iron fist, and his sons, who were educated abroad, are determined not to get fooled. The father claims he wishes to be relieved from daily operations and handover part of his responsibilities to his second son. At the same time, the youngest doesn't feel like he fits in the present firm's configuration and is ready to quit. Expected learning outcomes This case study will lead users to work on several managerial dimensions of small family businesses in emerging economies. At first, the entrepreneur's traits might be highlighted, as they deeply affect the way the succession process may be handled. However, as the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) specificity, the Moroccan family system will be taken into consideration to better analyse both the incumbent and the successor behaviours. Management tools may then be discussed to help with the transfer of both power and ownership in family businesses. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.
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Santaló Goris, Carlos. "The implementation at the national level o the bank account information mechanism under the EAPO Regulation: a comparative analysis = La implementación del mecanismo de información sobre las cuentas bancarias de la orden europea de retención de cuentas: un análisis comparado." CUADERNOS DE DERECHO TRANSNACIONAL 12, no. 1 (March 5, 2020): 386. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/cdt.2020.5194.
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Abstract: One the most praised aspects of the Regulation n° 655/2015 establishing a European Account Preservation Order is its mechanism to gather information about debtor’s bank accounts (Article 14). Situations in which creditors ignore the debtors’ banking details are not unusual. Through Article 14 tool creditors who have already obtained a title (enforceable or not) are entitled to request that information. However, the EAPO Regulation only lays down the skeleton and the main features of this instrument, conferring Member States a wide margin of manoeuvre to decide how to accommodate it in their respective domestic legal systems. Member States are allowed to select the authorities in charge of collecting the information and they can decide on how the information is gathered. This freedom is a source of divergence. The objective of this paper is to provide a comparative analysis on the information mechanism.Keywords: debtors, creditor, assets’ transparency, pecuniary claims, EAPO Regulation, bank accounts, European Civil Procedural Law .Resumen: Uno de los aspectos más alabados del reglamento n ° 655/2014 por el que se establece el procedimiento relativo a la orden europea de retención de cuentas, es su mecanismo para obtener información sobre las cuentas bancarias del deudor (artículo 14). No es inusual que los acreedores ignoren dicha información. A través de este nuevo mecanismo, aquellos acreedores que ya disponen de un título, pueden solicitar búsqueda de la información sobre las cuentas bancarias del deudor. Sin embargo, el reglamento únicamente establece las líneas generales del mecanismo, dejando a los estados miembros un amplio margen de maniobra para implementarlo en sus respectivos ordenamientos jurídicos. Cada estado puede elegir no solo las autoridades encargadas de realizar la búsqueda de información, también los medios a través de los que se obtiene la información. Esta libertad de la que disponen los estados miembros se ha convertido una fuente de divergencias a la hora de implementar el reglamento. El objetivo de este artículo es ofrecer un análisis comparado sobre el mecanismo de información.Palabras clave: deudores, creditors, transparencia patrimonial, crédito pecuniario, Reglamento OERC, cuentas bancarias, Derecho Procesal Civil Europeo.
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Simpson, Emile. "States and Patrimonial Kingdoms: Hugo Grotius’s Account of Sovereign Entities in The Rights of War and Peace." Grotiana 39, no. 1 (December 18, 2018): 45–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18760759-03900003.
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In this article I set out Hugo Grotius’s account of sovereign entities in the De Iure Belli ac Pacis (The Rights of War and Peace, 1625). In so doing, I seek to challenge a claim not uncommonly encountered in the recent historiography of the work, namely, that Grotius had no account of the state therein. In challenging that claim, I will make a further claim that while Grotius did have an account of the state, it was only one of two forms of sovereign entity, the other being the patrimonial kingdom. While this last claim is occasionally encountered in terms of a distinction between forms of government, I go further, on the basis that the distinction identifies a fundamental conceptual difference between free and unfree nations, which speaks not only to the form of government, but to the nature of the sovereign entity itself. Furthermore, it is my contention that through the patrimonial kingdom, Grotius was able to account for empire. 1
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Robinson, JA. "Matrimonial Property Regimes and Damages: The Far Reaches of the South African Constitution." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 10, no. 3 (July 4, 2017): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2007/v10i3a2800.
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Section 18(b) of the Matrimonial Property Act 88 of 1984 allows for non-patrimonial damages to be claimed by a spouse married in community of property against his/her spouse. In Van der Merwe v Road Accident Fund 2006 4 SA 230 (CC) the court extended this exception to the notional purity of community of property to include patrimonial damages on the basis that section 18(b) discriminated unfairly against spouses married in community of property vis-à-vis spouses married out of community. The implications of this decision on commercial intercourse are discussed in this contribution against the background of prior decisions relating to the insolvency of spouses married in community of property.
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Alves, Eduardo Rodrigues, and Christian Dennys Monteiro Oliveira. "Multiescalarity in the patrimonial valorization of quilombo remaining communities in Tururu, CE, Brazil." Terr Plural 15 (2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5212/terraplural.v.15.2114564.014.
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From a qualitative analysis of the cultural and social background, we intend to understand the process of heritage recognition of the quilombola communities in Tururu (CE). The study is based on the revision of the concepts of patrimony, territory, and scale and, beyond this theoretical study, its methodology includes documentary research and fieldwork with semi-structured interviews, aiming to understand the territoriality and quilombola cultural aspects in front of multiple scales. Intra-community, intercommunity and intra-municipal relations were identified, which reflect challenges and demand strategies for the valorization of quilombola patrimony. It is understood that the value recognition of these territories comes from their capacity of claim, but also depends on the supportive capacity of public management. Therefore, greater articulation between different agents and instances is required to foster value recognition.
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Bueno, Christina. "Forjando Patrimonio: The Making of Archaeological Patrimony in Porfirian Mexico." Hispanic American Historical Review 90, no. 2 (May 1, 2010): 215–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-2009-133.
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Abstract This article examines the state project to gather pre-Hispanic artifacts in Mexico’s National Museum during the dictatorship of Porfirio Díaz (1876–1910). It focuses on the government project as part of a larger effort aimed at constructing an official national history and image. Through antiquity and the control of its remains, Porfirian elites sought to present Mexico as a modern, scientific, and sovereign nation with a sophisticated, ancient past. They based the government’s right to the artifacts on arguments that rested on appeals to nation and science. This article problematizes these claims. It demonstrates that far from an established science, archaeology was marked by a lack of technique and consensus about the meaning and display of artifacts. In addition, the official Indian past proved exclusionary in several ways. It celebrated certain ancient cultures and ignored others. It also negated the artifacts’ other uses and meanings. For many Mexicans the objects were not national but local patrimony, links to localized identities and histories. Although ordinary Mexicans aided the state, the transfer of artifacts to the museum did not go uncontested, a fact illustrated here by popular struggles to retain objects in Teotihuacán, Tepoztlán, and Tetlama, communities that battled with the inspector of monuments Leopoldo Batres, the principal state official in charge of gathering antiquities.
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Azcárraga Monzonís, Carmen, and Pablo Quinzá Redondo. "Cambio de apellidos y otros efectos derivados de la disolución del vínculo matrimonial. Comentario de la sentencia de la Audiencia Provincial de Granada (Sección 5ª) núm. 319/2017, de 14 de septiembre = Change of family names and other effects derived from the dissolution of the marriage. Comment on the judgment of the Spanish Court of Appeal of Granada (Section 5) number 319/2017 of 14th september." CUADERNOS DE DERECHO TRANSNACIONAL 10, no. 2 (October 5, 2018): 802. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/cdt.2018.4402.
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Resumen: Cambio de apellidos de la esposa tras disolución del vínculo matrimonial, así como otros efectos derivados de la misma, no identificándose ni aplicándose correctamente la normativa de Derecho internacional privado aplicable el caso.Palabras clave: cambio de apellidos, disolución del vínculo matrimonial, menores, alimentos, efectos patrimoniales del matrimonio.Abstract: This case deals with the change of the family name of a wife after the dissolution of her marriage as well as other effects derived from that dissolution. The judgment seems not to identify or apply properly the Private international law rules governing the different matters involved in this case.Keywords: change of family names, dissolution of marriage, minors, maintenance claims, matrimonial property regime.
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Mukheibir, Andre, and Gregory Mitchell. "The Price of Sadness: Comparison between the Netherlands and South Africa." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal 22 (October 31, 2019): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2019/v22i0a6413.
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Bereavement can be a precipitating and perpetuating factor for various psychiatric injuries. However, the normal experience of bereavement also causes significant disruption and stress in an individual’s psychosocial functioning. Both in the Netherlands and South Africa, a clear distinction is drawn between sadness and psychiatric injury. Dutch law, until recently, did not make provision for compensation for sadness, but only for psychiatric injury. This has changed with the coming into operation of the Wet Affectieschade on 1 January 2019. In terms of South African law, there is no claim for compensation for sadness or bereavement. The authors are of wby bereavement, sadness or grief resulting from bereavement causes significant distress and a continuum exists between normal and complex bereavement where a clear distinction does not exist. South African courts should, therefore, bear this is mind when in actions for compensation for non-patrimonial loss for bereavement.
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Krivošejev, Vladimir. "To inherit heritage or to inherit inheritance?" Issues in Ethnology and Anthropology 10, no. 2 (February 28, 2016): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.21301/eap.v10i2.7.
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The Republic of Serbia is one of the few, if not the only country in the world that, at ratification and translation of the term „baština“– heritage which appears in two significant and related international conventions of UNESCO, used different terms: „baština“– „heritage“, with regard to the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, and „nasledje“ –inheritance in the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage. One of the reasons for the subsequent rejection of the term heritage could lay in the opinion that it was the case of (end of 20th and beginning of the 21st century) political bureaucratic introduction of an old, forgotten word, which also contains the notion of gender incorrectness based on pointing out the inheritance through the male line, which could be in conflict with international law. The views expressed in this paper suggest the unsustainability of these claims, as well as greater suitability of the term „baština“– heritage. Namely, the ratification of the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage was done as early as in 1974, and since then the term „baština“– heritage was used, its new introduction into use on the basis of recent daily political aspirations cannot be the case. At the same time inheritance through the male line is encountered with the use of the Latin word „patrimonium“, which is the basis for the terms used in the official translation of the UNESCO-listed conventions in French and Spanish: „patrimoine“ and „patrimonio“ (and other Roman languages) so that the use of the term „baština“ –heritage cannot be a violation of international legal norms. Finally, bearing in mind the fact that, in general, use of languages is impossible to achieve complete gender purism, it is necessary to emphasize that in contrast to the term „nasledje“ – inheritance, the term „baština“ – heritage is more suitable for use in Serbian language when it comes to the concept of inheritance, preservation and transmission of universal values promoted by the UNESCO Convention, as well as for translating the notion of heritage science.
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Romano, Bianca Nicla. "Tourism as a Tool for the Fulfilment of the Rights to Rest and Leisure Enshrined in Article No. 24 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights." europa ethnica 76, no. 3-4 (2019): 180–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.24989/0014-2492-2019-34-180.
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Art. 24 of the 1948 Declaration of Human Rights recognises and protects the right of the individual to rest and leisure. This right has to be fully exercised without negative consequences on the right to work and the remuneration. Tourism can be considered one of the best ways of rest and leisure because it allows to enrich the personality of the individual. Even after the reform of the Title V this area is no longer covered by the Italian Constitution, the Italian legal system protects and guarantees it as a real right, so as to get to recognize its existence and the consequent compensation of the so-called “ruined holiday damage”. This kind of damage has not a patrimonial nature, but a moral one, and the Tourist-Traveler can claim for it when he has not been able to fully enjoy his holiday - the essential fulcrum of tourism - intended as an opportunity for leisure and/or rest, essential rights of the individual.
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Navarrete Escobedo, David. "New ways of inhabiting the heritage: foreign middle classes as a factor of aggravation of urban inequalities in two historic centers of the State of Guanajuato." Anuario de Espacios Urbanos, Historia, Cultura y Diseño 27 (December 1, 2020): 39–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.24275/azc/dcyad/aeu/n27/navarrete.
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Witker Barra, Rodrigo. "La ciudad en el museo. La ciudad musealizada. Los museos de ciudad. Discursos museográficos de ciudadanía y corresponsabilidad." Illapa Mana Tukukuq, no. 15 (February 7, 2019): 52–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31381/illapa.v0i15.1842.
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ResumenLa importancia y validez de estudiar las representaciones de la ciudad, exhibida como patrimonio cultural en los discursos museográficos de los museos, en el entendido de que es urgente comenzar a desarrollar y propiciar mecanismos (exposiciones, proyectos, cursos, discursos), que generen en sus públicos, conciencia de ciudad, de ciudadanía y corresponsabilidad con la ciudad, conscientes de que esta se ha convertido en un ámbito de disputa y reclamo por nuevos espacios y mejores condiciones de vida.
Palabras clave: ciudad, museos, discursos museográficos, ciudadanía.
AbstractThe importance and validity of studying the representations of the city, exhibited as cultural heritage in the museographic discourses of the museums, in the understanding that it is urgent to begin to develop and promote mechanisms (exhibitions, projects, courses, speeches) that generate in their publics, awareness of the city, citizenship and co-responsibility with the city, aware that this has become an area of dispute and claim for new spaces and better living conditions.
Keywords: city, museums, museographic discourses, citizenship.
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Sarmadi, Hamid, Mortaza B, Hafez A, and Sirous S. "Negative Correlation Between Economic Structure of Rentier State and Non-Democratization (Case Study: Saudi Arabia)." Humanities and Social Science Research 1, no. 1 (April 8, 2018): p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.30560/hssr.v1n1p1.
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The Saudi Arabia having patrimonial government politically system and unique nature of power structure that all political affairs set in Ale Saudi dynasty. Government system is traditional and dependent to person and persons of dynasty are absolute rulers and away from criticism and ruler willing prefer to law. Despite of authoritarian and monarchy system and non-democracy development in Saudi Arabia special now that kind of government system isn’t acceptable side of dominant discourse of global community, this country could rely on oil produce regarding to rentier state features have active representation in international communities and too in home sue achievement to legitimacy and vindication. the interests of state-building and to reinforce its legitimacy, which is hardly the act of a state free of interests. Saudi Arabia is also an archetypal example of a state that still faces influence from actors within the state and elite structures, i.e. princes, senior officials, and clerics, among others. In this article analysis rentier state effect on non-democracy development in case study of the Saudi Arabia and research claim is that in nature of relations between rentier state and non-democracy development exist negative correlation. Namely whatever government income dependent to oil export and state economic nature has been independent from peoples, will be decrease from democratic charge in political dimension. This country by oil produce and effect to world powers economies cause that be complex government structure under monarchy system and use endowment of oil rent. Now observe modern dictatorship that despite of economic and social reforms side if internal, regional and international pressures in general dimension of society, will be non-democratic politically structure.
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Kowasch, Matthias. "Le développement de l'industrie du nickel et la transformation de la valeur environnementale en NouvelleCalédonie." Journal of Political Ecology 19, no. 1 (December 1, 2012): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v19i1.21727.
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Abstract:New Caledonia is characterized by cultural diversity, and human occupation of the territory is divided. A Melanesian, Kanak agrarian society (about 40% of the total population), and a largely urban society, of European and other origins (about 60%), co-inhabit a territory of approximately 19,000 km2. The duality of occupation is also shown in the juxtaposition of common and customary land laws. These are the result of a painful history of land dispossession during colonial times and restitution of some land to the Kanak from 1970. Kanak identity is built on the clan's history inscribed in a natural milieu where the environment, and land, has customary value, more than use value. New Caledonia has considerable mineral resources, especially nickel. Mining often creates conflict, as it raises the use value of land. Therefore, the establishment of a mine, refinery or industrial zone can often initiate assertions of clan ownership and land claims. Land rights are constantly updated, and can be renegotiated. The remodeling of the territory under mining pressures and new land allocations is a means for upward social mobility and prestige in Kanak society. These issues are demonstrated for the Federation "Djelawe" and two tribes (Oundjo and Baco) near the site of the future nickel ore processing plant and port (the Koniambo project) in the north of Grande Terre built by the local SMSP company and the Swiss Xstrata group. A discourse of environmental protection was used to restrain industrial activity but also to assert rights to clan land. But development pressures have also been used to achieve political control over land, and thus to increase clan recognition, and possible royalty payments. Thus, land claims are part of a game of prestige and power between clans and families. Socio-economic access to land, it emerges, is clearly more important in these cases than the protection of its bio-physical assets. Key words: New Caledonia, Kanak, land conflicts, nickel mining, regional development.Résumé:La Nouvelle-Calédonie se caractérise par une grande diversité culturelle, mais également par une dualité des espaces de vie. Une société agraire multiséculaire, d'origine kanak (environ 40% de la population totale), et une société majoritairement urbaine, d'origine européenne, mais largement métissée (environ 60% de la population totale), co-habitent sur un territoire d'environ 19,000 km2 qui possèdent des ressources minérales considérables, surtout en nickel. La dualité des espaces de vie se montre également dans la juxtaposition de terres soumises au droit commun et de terres soumises au droit coutumier. Ces dernières sont le fruit d'une histoire douloureuse de spoliations foncières lors de l'époque coloniale et de rétrocessions à partir des terres 1970. La perception territoriale de la population kanak s'oriente vers un modèle où la valeur patrimoniale prime sur la valeur d'usage, car l'identité kanak se construit sur l'histoire du groupe inscrit dans un environnement où tous les objets environnementaux possèdent une certaine valeur. La co-existence des lieux à forte valeur patrimoniale, les lieux sacrés, et une activité minière ou économique au sens large peut entraîner une transformation de la valeur et suscite souvent des conflits, car une légitimité foncière signifie un plus de prestige. De ce fait, la mise en place d'un projet économique – c'est-à-dire une mine, une usine métallurgique ou une zone industrielle – réveille souvent des revendications foncières. Ces revendications démontrent que les légitimités foncières sont en perpétuelle réactualisation et peuvent être renégociées. Le remodelage du territoire représente un moyen pour une ascension sociale au sein de la société kanak. Ces enjeux fonciers sont démontrés à l'exemple de la fédération « Djelawe » et de deux tribus (Oundjo et Baco) en proximité du site industriel de la future « usine du Nord », construite par un consortium de la SMSP locale et du groupe suisse Xstrata (projet Koniambo). Depuis un certain temps, la protection de l'environnement devient une préoccupation de plus en plus importante des acteurs locaux. Ce discours environnementaliste est cependant souvent instrumentalisé pour atteindre des objectifs « politico-fonciers »: une reconnaissance foncière et des royalties. Ainsi, les revendications foncières s'inscrivent dans un jeu de prestige et de pouvoir entre clans et familles. L'aspect socio-économique de l'environnement semble être clairement plus important que l'aspect bio-physique. Mots clés: Nouvelle-Calédonie, Kanak, les conflits fonciers, l'exploitation minière du nickel, du développement régional.
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Fernández, José Francisco. "More than an Artist in the Making: Samuel Beckett’s “Assumption” Revisited." Anglia 137, no. 3 (September 13, 2019): 434–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ang-2019-0038.
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Abstract Samuel Beckett’s first published short story, “Assumption” (1929), is usually described as an apprentice work, “a piece of marginally interesting juvenilia” (Pattie 2000: 52), a beginner’s attempt toward a modernist short story in which the influence of James Joyce is clear. Indeed, it has been claimed that Joyce’s A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man is the model underlying Beckett’s early foray into creative fiction. The current paper seeks to reassess the established critical appreciation of “Assumption”, that of being a parody of Joyce’s novel by a playful disciple; instead, I will argue that Beckett was in fact questioning the very principles of his master’s art. If Portrait is the epitome of the Künstlerroman, Beckett in his short piece debunked the myth of the young artist by consciously downgrading the aesthetic concerns of his protagonist and by disrupting the revered categories of modernist fiction.This essay is part of the research project FF I 2016-76477-P, funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades and by AEI / FEDER. The author would also like to thank CEI Patrimonio (Universidad de Almería) for their support..
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Gladney, Dru C. "The History of Women’s Mosques in Chinese Islam." American Journal of Islam and Society 23, no. 3 (July 1, 2006): 111–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v23i3.1605.
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This remarkable collaboration of primarily Maria Jaschok and Shui Jingjun(with contributions from nine other mostly Muslim Chinese women who areduly acknowledged), contains a wealth of information on a subject that most scholars of Muslim communities have never considered or perhaps evenimagined: the existence of bona fide women’s mosques in China. Throughpainstaking historical, archival, interview, and field research, the authors layout a convincing argument that such mosques have existed in China and continueto experience a “rapid increase” (p. 15), at least since the late Mingdynasty (sixteenth to seventeenth centuries), proliferating in northern China’scentral plains region (mainly Henan, Hebei, Shandong, and Anhui) during theQing emperor Jiaqing’s reign (1796-1820) (pp. 67-69).This work sheds light on “how women [in China] engendered and sustainedfaith, aspiration and loyalties under often challenging conditions” (p.5) – which is putting it mildly. Strenuously caught between Confucian,Islamic, and patrimonial requirements, they developed an institution of learningand cultural transmission perhaps unique to the Muslim world. While theauthors never fully address why “women’s mosques” and madrassahs developedso fully in China (and almost nowhere else), they do richly demonstratethe extraordinarily important role these religious and educational centershave played in preserving and promoting Islamic understanding amongChina’s Muslims, known as the Hui national minority (with a year 2000 populationof approximately 9.8 million, out of a total 20.3 million Muslims inChina, according to the especially accurate PRC state census).While the authors claim these women’s “prayer halls” (the Chinese termis ambiguous) and the women who lead them are fully-fledged ahongs orimams (again, the Chinese term, like the Arabic and Persian equivalents, isnot clear about the teacher’s actual status), the issue here is whether they haveany authority over men. Since they clearly do not, ahong should be taken inits more general sense of “one possessing advanced Islamic knowledge” ortraining, and does not imply institutionalized authority beyond the sphere ofwomen (and children, which in most instances includes boys). Nevertheless,it is significant that they have such organized authority, training, and separateprayer halls or mosques among themselves ...
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Podaru, Ovidiu, and Andreea-Carla Loghin. "Pârâtul în contenciosul administrativ: istoria romanțată a unei brambureli judiciare." Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai Iurisprudentia 65, no. 3 (March 10, 2021): 5–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbiur.65(2020).3.1.
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"The Romanian administrative litigation is distinguished by the lack of unity of opinion on the passive procedural quality and, at the same time, by the existence of an ingrained custom – the possibility of suing the issuing body of the administrative act, as the sole defendant, – a custom currently lacking a particular legal basis. Starting from these premises, the study investigates at a conceptual level and from a diachronic perspective, the evolution of the defendant” in the administrative litigation, concluding that it is necessary to abandon the described custom. The passive procedural quality of the issuing body, even without legal personality, was justified by the doctrinal recognition of the theory of restricted legal capacity (or administrative law capacity) developed by Professor Ilie Iovănaș half a century ago. However, this theory was preceded by a succession of regulations, doctrinal opinions, and jurisprudential solutions, which, on careful analysis, contradicted it rather than substantiate it. Thus, since the interwar period, a distinction has been made between administrative bodies with legal personality and those without legal personality, the general conclusion being that legal personality is the only basis for passive procedural quality. In its absence, the administrative bodies (or, more precisely, the natural persons who held the leading position within them) could stand in court only as representatives of the legal person under public law – the state, the administrative-territorial units, the public establishments. But, even in the political-legal context created by Decree no. 31/1954 regarding natural and legal persons and by Law no. 1/1967 of the administrative contentious, the passive procedural quality was inextricably linked to the legal personality of a public law entity, because regardless of the claim made by the plaintiff, at least one of the defendants had to be a legal entity: insofar as the issuing body the defendant did not have legal personality, it could stand trial only in procedural co-participation with the legal person who ensured its existence (the one that which it depended from a patrimonial point of view). Moreover, in the event of the existence of an appeal for damages, procedural co-participation was necessary because, from a legal point of view, it is inconceivable that an entity without its own patrimony could be legally obliged to satisfy a patrimonial claim made by another legal subject. In conclusion, at the time of its creation, the theory of restricted legal capacity was developed by Proffessor Ilie Iovănaș to substantiate the sufficiency of the concept of administrative capacity (part of legal capacity, along with the civil one) to justify the passive procedural quality of the issuing body. However, with the political-legal changes of 1989, the foreground is suddenly occupied by the concept of unitary local authority a legal person under public law having its own patrimony, the administrative bodies being, at the same time, “depersonalized” (deprived of their legal personality) by their conceptual rethinking. However, in order to justify the passive procedural quality of the issuing body, the doctrine and the jurisprudence are continuing to use the theory of (restricted) administrative capacity, introducing the concept of administrative/public authority through successive laws on administrative litigation facilitating the preservation of this unfortunate custom. Currently, the legal basis that the Romanian doctrine uses to legally substantiate the theory of administrative capacity is related to the notion of public authority, as it is defined by art. 2 para. (1) letter b) of Law no. 554/2004 of the administrative contentious, and then used in the provisions of art. 1 and 13 of the same normative act. This theoretical construction is at least debatable: on the one hand, the notion is incoherent, a source of ambiguity in itself because it unjustifiably (and unfoundedly) assimilates an entity with full legal personality (private law) to one without legal personality (public law), ruining any attempt to bring order in this matter. On the other hand, the inadequacy of that concept results from the fact that it does not resolve all the situations in which, in practice, there would be a need to determine the issuing body of an administrative act. Consequently, taking into account the fact that any type of capacity, regardless of whether it is a material or procedural law, cannot exist, in theory, outside the legal personality, because each type of capacity is only a part of the juridical capacity (general), and the fact that any exception to this capacity must be expressly provided for by law (a procedural one, in the case of the capacity to stand as a defendant before the administrative court), it is undoubted that the only solution theoretically correct and practically risk-free for the plaintiff would be that, regardless of their concrete claim in court, the legal person of public law whose body issued the illegal act, the one that has the power to resolve the plaintiff’s claim must havepassive procedural capacity . This solution is also in line with the principle of security of legal relations (clarity and predictability of the law), especially since a legal person under public law can be recognized as issuing authority. This solution is based, on the one hand, on the provisions of the Romanian Civil Code (art. 218, 219, 221) which, acquiring applicability in the matter of administrative contentious pursuant to art. 28 of Law no. 554/2004 and assimilating from specific points of view the legal person of public law with that of private law, subjecting to the rules of the mandate the relations between the legal person and its bodies, and, on the other hand, those of the Romanian Administrative Code, given that the notion of administrative capacity acquired today, through art. 5 letter o) of the Romanian Administrative Code has an entirely different meaning."
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Matthäus, Hartmut. "Claire Balandier (Ed.): Nea Paphos. Fondation et développement urbanistique d’une ville chypriote de l’antiquité à nos jours. Études archéologiques, historiques et patrimoniales. Actes du 1er colloque international sur Paphos. Avignon 30, 31 octobre et 1er novembre 2012, organisé par Claire Balandier & Eustathios Raptou." Gnomon 91, no. 8 (2019): 731–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17104/0017-1417-2019-8-731.
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Rueda-Suárez, Carlos Horacio, Jairo Núñez Rodríguez, Jairo González Bueno, and Sergio Bayona Gómez. "Variables para la evaluación y seguimiento de empresas aseguradoras: Revisión y análisis bibliométrico." UDA AKADEM, no. 4 (October 25, 2019): 52–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.33324/udaakadem.v1i4.238.
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A lo largo del tiempo, la industria del seguro ha permitido suavizar los efectos de múltiples situaciones adversas (muerte, invalidez, desastres naturales, etc.) que puede tener el ser humano, mediante la protección del patrimonio de las familias, las empresas y/o del Estado (Agudelo, 2011). Según la Federación de Aseguradores Colombianos (Fasecolda, 2011) existían 45 empresas afiliadas y operando en el país, por lo que una competencia tan intensiva requiere que cada una de las empresas posea una planeación estratégica que le permita tener cierta ventaja con respecto a las demás; sin embargo, contar con una estrategia definida solo es el primer paso. Para poder alcanzar los objetivos planteados, una empresa debe tener un plan de acción que conlleve a un seguimiento y evaluación del cumplimiento de lo que se quiere lograr; sin esto, no es posible diagnosticar el estado de la empresa frente a sus metas. Con este estudio, se buscan determinar las variables para la evaluación y seguimiento de la competitividad de las empresas aseguradoras, a partir de la revisión literaria y el análisis bibliométrico. Los resultados obtenidos, permitieron la identificación de variables relevantes en el sector, como la utilización del reaseguro, la satisfacción de intermediarios, el índice de reclamaciones, la siniestralidad, el uso de canal de distribución directo e indirecto, el coeficiente intelectual de valor agregado entre otras, soportadas en los artículos de mayor impacto según el número de citaciones, los autores y las revistas científicas de mayor frecuencia de publicación.Palabras clave: análisis bibliométrico, seguro, estrategia, desempeño.
AbstractOver time, the insurance industry has made it possible to soften the effects that multiple adverse situations (death, disability, natural effects disasters, that etc.) multiple can have adverse on situations human beings (death, by disability, protecting natural disasters, etc.) can have on human beings by protecting the assets of families, disasters, businesses etc.) can and/or have the on State. human (Agudelo, beings by 2011). For 2011, according to the Federation of Colombian Insurers - Fasecolda, there are 45 effects disasters, that etc.) multiple can have adverse on situations human beings (death, by disability, protecting natural the assets of families, disasters, businesses etc.) can and/or have the on State. human (Agudelo, beings by 2011). protecting For 2011, the according to the Federation of Colombian Insurers - Fasecolda, there are 45 affiliated companies operating in the country, so such intensive competition requires that each of the companies has a strategic planning that allows it to have some advantage over the others. However, having a defined strategy is only the first step, in order to achieve the objectives set a company must have an action plan that leads to monitoring and evaluation of compliance with what you want to achieve, without this, it is not possible to diagnose the state of the company against its goals. With this study, it is sought to determine the variables for the evaluation and follow-up of the competitiveness of the insurance companies, from the literary revision and the bibliometric analysis. The results obtained allow the identification of relevant variables in the sector, such as the use of reinsurance, the satisfaction of intermediaries, the claims index, the claims rate, the use of direct and indirect distribution channels, added value intellectual coefficient among others, supported in the articles with the greatest impact according to the number of citations, the authors and the scientific journals with the highest publication frequency.
Keywords: bibliometric analysis, insurance, strategy, performance.
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Fernández Portela, Julio. "La diversificación económica en una comarca vitivinícola tradicional: las bases que sustentan el enoturismo en la denominación de origen Cigales (Valladolid) = The Economic Diversification in a Traditional Wine-Growing Region: The Bases that Sustain the Winetourism in the D.O. Cigales (Valladolid)." Espacio Tiempo y Forma. Serie VI, Geografía, no. 11 (September 25, 2018): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/etfvi.11.2018.20868.
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La comarca vitivinícola de Cigales es un espacio productor de uvas y elaborador de vino desde hace siglos. El valor de los viñedos, de las bodegas y de todo su patrimonio permite la organización de una serie de programas y experiencias que posibilitan el desarrollo del enoturismo.Para su correcto funcionamiento es necesaria la existencia de un ente que se ocupe de su gestión y que sea capaz de organizar todos los recursos existentes para crear sinergias entre ellos, desarrollando actividades atrayentes para los turistas y visitantes que decidan embarcarse en el turismo del vino.Esta actividad va a contribuir a la diversificación económica del medio rural gracias a la creación de nuevas empresas en otros sectores, como en el industrial pero en especial en el terciario, con la apertura de hoteles, restaurantes, museos, etc., que tienen en el mundo del vino su principal reclamo, y que a partir de este producto van a ser capaces de generar un entramado turístico aprovechando el resto de recursos que presenta el territorio. The wine region of Cigales is a space that produces grapes and produces wine for centuries. The value of the vineyards, the wineries and all their heritage allow the organization of a series of programs and experiences that enable the development of wine tourism.For its correct operation is necessary the existence of an entity that deals with its management and is able to organize all existing resources to create synergies between them, developing attractive activities for tourists and visitors who decide to embark on wine tourism.This activity will contribute to the economic diversification of the rural environment thanks to the opening of new companies in other sectors, such as in the industrial sector but especially in the tertiary sector, with the opening of hotels, restaurants, museums, etc., which have the world of wine its main claim, and that from this product will be able to generate a tourist network taking advantage of the rest of the resources presented by the territory.
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McDonough, Kelly S. "‘Love’ Lost." Mexican Studies/Estudios Mexicanos 32, no. 1 (2016): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mex.2016.32.1.1.
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This essay sheds light on the often contentious and always-in-process social relations among indigenous peoples of distinct social classes in colonial Mexico. Through a discourse analysis of one of Tlaxcala’s most important heritage sources, the Nahuatl-language annals of seventeenth-century Tlaxcalan noble and statesman Don Juan Buenaventura Zapata y Mendoza (Historia cronológica de la noble ciudad de Tlaxcala), I examine the subjective and objective factors that challenged Tlaxcalan noble claims to political authority, and provided the means by which indigenous commoners could advocate for themselves during the seventeenth century. A discourse analysis of this source demonstrates that tax and tribute issues as well as mestizo and/or non-indigenous interests disrupted noble hegemony. Equally, commoner recourse to the Spanish legal system and their denial of material items and labor to the nobles were mechanisms to register dissatisfaction and potentially affect change. In this way, this study advances how we understand inter-indigenous relationships of the colonial period, particularly how indigenous nobles and commoners negotiated their inherently intertwined social, political, and economic lives. Este ensayo arroja luz sobre las relaciones sociales, a menudo polémicas y siempre en proceso, entre personas indígenas de distintas clases sociales en el México colonial. A través de un análisis del discurso de una de las fuentes más importantes del patrimonio de Tlaxcala –los anales en lengua náhuatl del noble y estadista tlaxcalteca del siglo xvii don Juan Buenaventura Zapata y Mendoza (Historia cronológica de la noble ciudad de Tlaxcala)– examino los factores subjetivos y objetivos que pusieron en vilo el reclamo de autoridad política de los nobles tlaxcaltecas, y que proporcionaron medios a los plebeyos indígenas para abogar por sí mismos durante el siglo xvii. Un análisis del discurso de esta fuente demuestra que el tema de los impuestos y el tributo, así como los intereses mestizos y/o no indígenas afectaron la hegemonía noble. De la misma manera, el recurso de los plebeyos al sistema legal español y su negativa a entregar objetos materiales y labor a los nobles fueron mecanismos que registraron la insatisfacción y afectaron potencialmente el cambio. Así, el presente estudio profundiza en la manera en que comprendemos las relaciones interindígenas del periodo colonial, particularmente la manera en que los nobles y los plebeyos indígenas ajustaron sus vidas sociales, políticas y económicas inherentemente entrelazadas.
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Służewska, Zuzanna. "ROZLICZENIE KOSZTÓW PODRÓŻY W RAMACH SPÓŁKI A ZAGADNIENIE IMPENSA IN SOCIETATEM I PROPTER SOCIETATEM W ROZUMOWANIU LABEONA I JULIANA." Zeszyty Prawnicze 8, no. 1 (June 23, 2017): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/zp.2008.8.1.02.
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The participation of Partners in Travel Expenses and Losses. impensa in societatem and propter societatem According to Labeo and JulianSummaryThe problem discussed in this paper regards the participation of partners in travel expenses and losses suffered during a business trip. In the title pro socio of the Digest there are three texts that refer to this question: D. 17,2,52,4 and D. 17,2,52,15 and D. 17,2,60,1. The first one refers to sagaria negotiatio conducted in a form of a partnership and analyses the case of a partner who during a business trip was attacked by robbers who stole his property and injured his slaves. According to Julian (cited by Ulpian) all those losses (even all what was paid to a doctor for the treatment of the slaves) should be shared by all partners. The second text also refers to the expenses incurred by one of the partners during a business trip that should be shared with the other partner. The third one concerns the problem of sharing the expenses incurred for the medical treatment by one of the partners that had been wounded while trying to prevent the slaves, who were their common property, intended for sale from escaping. According to Labeo, in this case the part of the money spent on a doctor could not be claimed from the other partner as it was not spent in societatem but propter societatem.The main question discussed in relation to the above mentioned texts concerns the disagreement between Julian and Labeo in the matter of sharing the expenses incurred for the medical treatment in a partnership. This question has been widely discussed and analysed from various points of view among the Romanists (Gandolfi, Santucci, Meissel) who tried to explain the concept of impensa in and propter societatem and thus found some reasonable justification for the negative decision made by Labeo.In my opinion the case discussed by Labeo should be analised in relation to other texts focused on the problem of determining the limits of a common activity or a common patrimony in a partnership other than a societas omnium bonorum, as for example the texts of D. 17,2,58 pr.-1 or D. 17,2,52,4. Those texts clearly show the problems discussed by Roman jurists at the moment of the evolution from the traditional form of partnership societas omnium bonorum (based on the total community of all partners’ patrimonies) into a more limited form of partnership treated as an instrument of conducting an economic activity. Particularly in D. 17,2,58 pr., Celsus made a clear distinction between a partnership established for the purpose of “having” goods in common and “selling” goods in common which corresponds to the distinction between „società di mero godimento” based on the schema of societas omnium bonorum (and thus total community of all profits and losses) and „società questuarie” aimed to gain profits from some kind of an economic activity in which only the profits and losses resulted from conducting the common business were to be shared among partners). Consequently in a partnership established for the purpose of “having” goods in common all the losses that regarded the common patrimony were to be shared while in a commercial partnership losses not resulting from a partnership’s activity (even regarding the common patrimony) were not shared.From the analysis of those texts we could also deduce that in case of a partnership with a limited scope in order to determine whether some losses suffered by one of the partners should be shared it was crucial whether they would not have been suffered if the partnership had not existed. We could suppose that Labeo in D. 17,2,60,1 analysing the case of a wounded partner, used a similar scheme of thinking. In the case discussed by this jurist the slaves were the property of the partners but the aim of the partnership was to sell them and not to posses them. That is why even if the partnership had not existed their owner would have tried to impede their escape and as a consequence would have had to pay a the doctor’s fees. Thus one could not say that the loss suffered by the injured partner would not have been suffered if the contract of partnership had not been concluded and for this reason Labeo did not permit to claim its reimbursement from the other partner.The hypotheses that the problem discussed by Labeo should be interpreted from the point of view of the distinction between a universal type of a partnership and a partnership with a limited scope is also confirmed by the final part of the text of D. 17,2,60. Labeo, for making the distinction between the costs defined as spent in societatem and propter societatem clearer, mentioned other kinds of profits and losses that were to be shared only in a partnership omnium bonorum aimed to possess and administer goods in common, but were not shared in a partnership with a limited scope established for a purpose of buying and selling goods.
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Amado Gonzales, Donato. "Don Melchor Carlos Inca, el inca mestizo: Los Carlos Inca en el siglo XVII de la sociedad cusqueña." Allpanchis 46, no. 83-84 (December 30, 2019): 39–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.36901/allpanchis.v46i83-84.264.
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En 1539, don Cristóbal Paullo, uno de los hijos del inca Huayna Cápac, fue nombrado «inca» como parte de una estrategia política de los españoles. Desde entonces tuvo acceso a encomiendas de indios. Don Cristóbal se casó con doña Catalina Tocto Oxica y tuvieron dos hijos: don Carlos Inquill Topa y don Felipe Inquill Topa. Don Carlos Inquil Topa se casó con doña María Esquivel Amarilla y tuvieron un solo hijo llamado Melchor Carlos Inca. El nacimiento de Melchor fue visto por la población nativa como un gran acontecimiento pues había nacido un «rey inca», el cual incluso llegó a ser temido por los funcionarios españoles coloniales al saber que se referían a él como «Cápac Inca». Don Melchor Carlos Inca se identificaba como nieto de don Cristóbal Paullo Inca y bisnieto del inca Huayna Cápac. Se convirtió en un personaje importante dentro de la sociedad virreinal cusqueña. Don Melchor fue bautizado y se casó con doña Leonor Arias Carrasco, hija del conquistador Pedro Alonso Carrasco, ambos eventos fueron significativos para la sociedad cusqueña. La encomienda de Pichigua, de propiedad de don Melchor, era de mucha importancia económica y social, por ello para mantener esta encomienda y sus actividades sociales/políticas, se vio obligado a vender e hipotecar por vía de censo parte de su patrimonio. En 1599, el virrey Luis de Velasco dio una comisión al capitán Antonio Pereira (regidor perpetuo) para averiguar la ascendencia y los servicios de los ancestros de don Melchor. En 1603, don Melchor viajó a España para reclamar sus privilegios y logró su inclusión como Caballero de la Orden de Santiago. La descendencia de Cristóbal Paullo Inca logró establecer y constituir la capilla de Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe en el convento e iglesia de San Francisco, donde tuvieron el honor de tener una bóveda funeraria, la cual fue cuidada y mantenida por sus descendientes hasta el siglo XVII.
Abstract
In 1539, don Cristobal Paullo, one of the sons of the Inca ruler Huayna Capac, was named «Inca» as a political strategy of the Spaniards. Since then, he received an encomienda. Don Cristobal was married to doña Catalina Tocto Oxica and had two sons, don Carlos Inquill Topa and don Felipe Inquill Topa. Don Carlos Inquil Topa married doña Maria Esquivel Amarilla and had only one son named Melchor Carlos Inca. The birth of Melchor was seen by the native population as a great event because an “Inca king” had been born, he even became feared by the colonial Spanish officials when they knew he was referred as the «Capac Inca». Don Melchor Carlos Inca identified himself as grandson of don Cristobal Paullo Inca and great-grandson of the Inca Huayna Capac. He became an important figure within the Cuzco›s colonial society. Don Melchor was baptized and married doña Leonor Arias Carrasco, daughter of the Spanish conquistador Pedro Alonso Carrasco, both events were meaningful for Cusco society. Don Melchors’ encomienda of Pichigua was of great economic and social importance, in order to maintain this encomienda and his social/political activities, he had to sell or mortgage part of his inherited patrimony. In 1599, the Viceroy Luis de Velasco ordered captain Antonio Pereira («regidor perpetuo») to ascertain the ancestry and services of don Mechor and his ancestors. In 1603, don Melchor traveled to Spain in order to claim his privileges and succeeded at obtaining a knighthood in the Order of Santiago. The descendants of Cristóbal Paullo Inca established the Chapel of Our Lady of Guadalupe in the Convent and Church of San Francisco where they had the honour of having a burial vault which was carefully guarded and maintained by their descendants until 17th Century.
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Norkus, Zenonas. "The Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the Retrospective of Comparative Historical Sociology of Empires." World Political Science 3, no. 4 (January 29, 2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1935-6226.1031.
Full textAbstract:
The article discusses the problem that was recently raised in Lithuanian historical literature and public discourse by G. Beresnevi?ius, A. Bumblauskas, S.C. Rowell: was the medieval Lithuanian state (Grand Duchy of Lithuania; GDL) an empire? Traditional historiography did not use concepts of ``empire" and ``imperialism" in the work on GDL. For Non-Marxist Russian historians, GDL was simply another Russian state, so there could not be Russian imperialism against Russians. For Marxist historians, imperialism was a phase in the ``capitalist formation," immediately preceding the socialist revolution and bound to the specific period of world history, so the research on precapitalist empires and imperialism was suspect of anachronism. For the opposite reason, deriving from the hermeneutic methodology, the talk about how the medieval Lithuanian empire and imperialism was an anachronism for Non-Marxist Polish and German historians too, because they considered as Empires only polities that claimed to be successors to Roman Empire. However, the Lithuanian political elite never raised such claims, although theory of the Lithuanian descent from Romans (Legend of Palemon) could be used for this goal. Using the recent work in comparative historical sociology of empires by S.N. Eisenstadt, I. Wallerstein, A. Motyl, B. Buzan, R. Little, A. Watson, M. Beissinger, Ch. Tilly, Th.J. Barfield and M. Doyle, the author argues that GDL was an empire because it was (1) the greatest state in Europe in the late 14-early 15th century, (2) militarily expansive in all directions if not held in check by superior military power, (3) displayed the territorial structure characteristic for empires, consisting of metropole and periphery, (4) had an informal empire and sphere of hegemony, (5) established imperial ``Pax Lituanica" on broad territories securing long-distance trade roads. Typologically, it was a patrimonial empire, typologically distinct from the ``barbarian kingdoms" created by ancient Germans and Vikings. After the internal crisis in 1432-1440 that is interpreted as ``Augustan threshold" (in M. Doyle's sense), the Lithuanian empire evolved into a federal state by the early 16th century. Drawing on the distinction between ``primary empires" and ``shadow empires" proposed by Th.J. Barfield, GDL is classified as subtype of ``shadow empires," called ``vulture empires." GDL started as a ``vulture empire," using for its expansion a geopolitical situation created by the decline of the Mongol empire and aspiring to unite under its power all lands of the former Kiev Russia. The most important outcome of the failure of the Lithuanian imperial project is the emergence of the three different Eastern Slave peoples (Belorussian, Ukrainian, Great Russian), while the probable outcome of its success would be the continuation of the undivided old Russian ethnicity.
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Escallón, Maria Fernanda. "Rights, Inequality, and Afro-Descendant Heritage in Brazil." Cultural Anthropology 34, no. 3 (August 24, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.14506/ca34.3.03.
Full textAbstract:
For the past thirty years, the Brazilian government has recognized dozens of sites and cultural practices of Afro-descendant groups as national heritage, including the historical maroon site Quilombo dos Palmares. As this site has gained international notoriety, academic research has focused on the value of this historical landmark for commemorating Afro-Brazilian heritage. This article looks to the ambiguous effects of such commemoration on contemporary people living in the area, some of whom are being forcefully evicted from the site in connection with its heritage status. The article addresses the vulnerability experienced by these residents, as it highlights broader issues associated with multicultural and heritage-recognition policies in Brazil. Specifically, I analyze the policies protecting contemporary maroon descendants and sites to reveal why Palmares residents making claims on their land and heritage fall outside of state recognition. I argue that as these policies have become an increasingly powerful mechanism for protecting Afro-Brazilian and minority groups, they have also acquired the capacity to hurt the most vulnerable individuals within these communities. Two very different types of heritage stand to be protected at Palmares: one of the historical maroons and their contemporary kin, and another of the structurally unequal system that inadvertently replicates the oppression it intends to dismantle. In the context of massive inequality that disproportionately affects blacks, maroon descendants, indigenous, and other minority populations in Brazil, it is critical to consider how political strategies for redressing ethnoracial inequality may also end up perpetuating segregation.
Resumo
Ao longo dos últimos trinta anos, o governo brasileiro tem reconhecido como patrimônio cultural dezenas de espaços e práticas culturais de grupos afrodescendentes, entre estes, o espaço histórico do Quilombo dos Palmares. À medida que este local tem adquirido notoriedade histórica internacional, a pesquisa acadêmica tem priorizado a importância do local no que se refere à comemoração do patrimônio cultural afro-brasileiro. Meu trabalho analisa as consequências de tal reconhecimento patrimonial na vida de populações que residem atualmente nesta região, algumas das quais estão sendo expulsas à força do local, devido à declaratória deste como patrimônio cultural. Analiso também as vulnerabilidades experimentadas por tais populações, no contexto da problemática mais ampla das políticas multiculturais de reconhecimento do patrimônio no Brasil. Especificamente, examino as políticas de proteção aos quilombos e indivíduos quilombolas, e analiso como e por que o Estado não reconhece as reclamações de terras e patrimônio feitas pelos residentes de Palmares. Minha tese é que embora tais políticas venham sendo poderosos mecanismos de proteção aos grupos afro-brasileiros e às minorias, têm também adquirido uma capacidade desproporcional para prejudicar os indivíduos mais vulneráveis daquelas comunidades. Assim sendo, a declaração de Palmares oferece proteção a dois patrimônios muito distintos: um é dos quilombos históricos e seus descendentes contemporâneos, e outro, do sistema estruturalmente desigual que tem como consequência inesperada a replicação da mesma opressão que a própria política visava a desmantelar. Dentro do contexto de desigualdade massiva no Brasil, que prejudica desproporcionalmente as populações negras, os quilombolas, os indígenas e outras minorias, é de suma importância considerar como as políticas atuais que visam à reparação da desigualdade etnorracial também levam à perpetuação da segregação.
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Muñoz Muñoz, Marcela. "Un centro cívico o el réquiem del patrimonio urbano costarricense." REVISTARQUIS 6, no. 1 (June 8, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/ra.v6i1.29208.
Full textAbstract:
Resumen Se ofrece una honra póstuma a la arquitectura pública de la capital costarricense, San José, como modelo de ciudad nacional. Por medio del estudio de una discusión legislativa se aborda la conveniencia de dotar al país de un centro cívico nacional, la cual favorece la [in]comprensión de un urbanismo incipiente, anterior a 1970, década en la cual se consolida el derecho urbanístico. Mediante el símil del réquiem, la historia del derecho urbanístico reclama la inutilidad de soluciones jurídicas por salvar valiosas edi caciones que vieran la luz en la conformación del Estado Nacional, durante los siglos XIX y XX. El afán de modernidad de Costa Rica requiere que el derecho urbanístico halle nuevas formas de entender el patrimonio urbano. Abstract This article offers a posthumous honor for public architecture of the Costa Rican capital, San José, as a national model of a city. The study of the discussion contained in certain legislative acts around the convenience to give the country a National Civic Center, [do not] favors the understanding of an emerging Urban Planning before 1970’s, the “legal” decade for the Urban Law. By using the analogy of the requiem, the History of Urban Law demands the futility of legal solutions to save valuable buildings that were born in the formation of the National State, during the 19th and 20th centuries. The Costa Rica ́s quest for modernity claims for new ways where Law can understand Urban Heritage.
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Seanego, Kwena. "A Gain-based Remedy for Breach of Contract in English Law: Some Lessons for South African Law." Comparative and International Law Journal of Southern Africa 53, no. 2 (January 26, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2522-3062/7742.
Full textAbstract:
A gain-based remedy for breach of contract is aimed at taking away the profits acquired through breach of contract. Traditionally, contractual damages can be claimed only if the breach caused the plaintiff patrimonial loss. There is an assumption that breach of contract causes a loss to the plaintiff, and as a result the defendant should compensate the plaintiff. However, in the past, courts have been confronted with cases where the opposite of this assumption is true. This is in instances where a defendant breaches a contract and gains profit as a result of that breach, whereas the plaintiff suffers little or no patrimonial loss. Unfortunately, in these circumstances the plaintiff may be left with no remedy or legal recourse for the breach, while the defendant may keep the profits generated as a result of the breach. However, in English law the courts have recognised a gain-based remedy in the circumstances outlined above, allowing the disgorgement of such ill-gotten profits. But a similar remedy has not yet gained recognition in the South African law of contract. The purpose of this article is to explore how South African law can draw some valuable lessons from English law in developing and recognising a gain-based remedy for breach of contract in order to deal with the profits generated through breach of contract.