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Kwong, Kam-kwan, and 鄺錦鈞. "Patron-client politics in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3124547X.
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Chandavarkar, Sumeeta Shyamsunder. "Patron-client ties and Maoist rural China." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq24103.pdf.
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Strangelove, Michael. "Patron-client dynamics in Flavius Josephus' "Vita": A cross-disciplinary analysis." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/7552.
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Throughout history, Flavius Josephus has been the victim of character assassinations carried out by Jews, Christians and modern scholars alike. This thesis uses the methodology of social scientific analysis to compile a model of patron-client relations from the disciplines of sociology, anthropology, political science, and ancient history. This eclectic model is then applied to Josephus' autobiography, the Vita, in an effort to arrive at a culturally sensitive understanding of the social personality of Josephus as a patron of the Galileans. Patron-client dynamics are uncovered in four groups of relational encounters: (1) Josephus, Poppea Sabina and Aliturus; (2) Josephus and John of Gischala; (3) Josephus and the Galileans; and (4) Josephus and Vespasian, Titus, Domitian and Epaphroditus. The results of this modelling process are contrasted against the results of the dominant historical methodology, with particular attention being given to the conclusions of Shaye J. D. Cohen's Josephus in Galilee and Rome: His Vita and Development as a Historian, (Leiden: Brill, 1979). It is demonstrated that patron-client relations are a significant factor within the Vita and the application of a model of patron-client relations serves to eliminate ethnocentric judgements that have been erroneously applied to both the text and its author.
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Leis, Joshua Gerard, and Joshua Gerard Leis. "The Effects of Client Noncompliance on Cooperation and Foreign Policy Decision-Making in International Patron-Client Relationships." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624106.
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The foreign policy decisions of small, weak states often go overlooked in the international system. Most understandings of small states emphasize their limited foreign policy choices under the influence of larger, global powers. Yet, there are numerous examples of small states selecting their own foreign policies unencumbered by the international system. This study seeks out those examples and argues that weak states often have the freedom to form their own policies and positions uninfluenced by global powers. To explain the foreign policy decision-making process of small, weak states and explore the relationship between small and large powers, this paper asks when and how do small, weak client states choose to not comply with the demands of large patron states in patron-client relationships? The use of the patron-client framework is a valuable tool for analyzing the foreign policy selection process of small and large states interacting in dyadic relationships. To answer the question, the study examines three separate cases involving patron-client relationships. In each case, the United States serves as the patron state while El Salvador, Pakistan, and Thailand represent the separate client states. The case studies examine moments of client-driven noncompliance to reveal how small states form foreign policy decisions. Ultimately, small states not only wield significant control of their own foreign policy decisions, choosing not to comply with the demands of a stronger patron state, but they also form policy based off diverse considerations—including domestic factors, self-interest, and capacity to comply. Findings suggest that clients in international patron-client relationship have more influence over stronger states than current theories would suggest.
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Eilers, Claude. "Roman patrons of Greek cities /." Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford University Press, 2002. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0615/2003276954-d.html.
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Vidyananda, Narat. "Freedom without choice : patron-clientelism and the evolution of Thai politics (1782-1992) /." Thesis, Connect to Dissertations & Theses @ Tufts University, 2004.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Tufts University, 2004.Adviser: W. Scott Thompson. Submitted to the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 299-323). Access restricted to members of the Tufts University community. Also available via the World Wide Web;
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Nanlohy, Sascha Paul Lincoln. "Geopolitics and Genocide: Patron Interests, Client Crises, and the International Dynamics of Targeted Mass Killing." Thesis, University of Sydney, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/24158.
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States that experience genocide often have powerful external patrons, but the constraining or enabling role of the patron-client relationship has not been closely examined. When a client state is at high risk of genocide, can its patron state prevent that outcome? What role do patron states play in genocide? My theory explains how patron states can permit or restrain genocide, dependent on their relationship with, and interests in, the client state. The study focuses on the role of the patron’s military assistance and compares four qualitative cases. Two cases resulted in genocide onset: France-Rwanda (1990-1994), and India-Sri Lanka (2007-2009), and these are compared with two cases that did not experience genocide, Russia-Armenia/Nagorno-Karabakh (1991-1994) and India-Nepal (2003-2006). I find that patron actions, broadly determined by geopolitical motivations, significantly influence the likelihood of genocide onset and that this can be observed from variations in patron military assistance and patterns of violence.
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Oh, Sukhwan. "Patron-client relationship in cross-cultural church planting : a case study of Cambodia Bible College, 1998-2015." Thesis, Middlesex University, 2018. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/25933/.
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The primary research question of this study is: 'How does the patron-client dynamic between Korean missionaries and Cambodian church planters offer an alternative understanding of aid dependency within the discourse of mission studies?' While the patron-client relationship has been a popular concept in social anthropology studies, its value and effects have not been sufficiently explored within mission studies; specifically the issue of aid dependency particularly between Korean missionaries and Cambodian church planters has not been the subject of focused research. The key effects of patron-client dynamics are explored in this thesis through a case study methodology, examining the Cambodia Bible College (CBC) church-planting projects in Cambodia. Qualitative data was collected primarily through semi-structured interviews and participatory focused group discussions with the CBC founder and CBC church-planting pastors. The macro-function of Microsoft Word-processing was used as the primary data analysis. Once the interview transcriptions, both in English and Korean, were complete, by coding the key terms and key ideas emergent patterns of primary and series of sub-categories were observed. From initial research data, the aid dependency issue - both healthy and unhealthy - was identified as one of the major effects in patron-client dynamics. In the CBC church-planting process, the findings show that the patron takes on three unique diachronic and progressive roles: first, the patron as a father; second, the patron as a sponsor, and third, the patron as a partner. Similarly, a client also takes on three roles: first, the client as a child; second, the client as sponsoree (client), and third, the client as a partner. Although social studies currently express the patron-client dynamics primarily in material and political terms, in the case between the founder and the CBC pastors, intangible relational assets, i.e. 'the patron as a father', were observed. This thesis argues that 'the patron father', plays a significant role in developing CBC pastors as church planters, helps them access the necessary resources to establish their churches at the initial stages, and offers an alternative reading of aid dependency as a relational concept rather than an economic one. Unfortunately, although unintended by both parties, the CBC pastors have become aid-dependent, which is hindering their churches from becoming self-sustaining and which makes an equal partnership in the future difficult, pointing to a conceptual relationship between aid dependency and the patron-client relationship. The future research on aid dependency in the church planting effort, and especially in the context of Gap & Eul, will prove that "partnering" their culturally diverse perspectives can contribute to mission studies for the next generation of transnational workers.
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Teves, Lurli B. "The sociocultural dimension of people's participation in community-based development : the role of patron client system in the Philippines /." Witzenhausen : Verb. der Tropenlandwirte, 2000. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=009086262&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Deniaux, Élizabeth. "Clientèles et pouvoir à l'époque de Cicéron /." Rome : Paris : École française de Rome ; diff. de Boccard, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36675063s.
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Yakobson, Alexander. "Elections and electioneering in Rome : a study in the political system of the late republic /." Stuttgart : F. Steiner, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37084207x.
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Texte remanié de: Diss.--Jerusalem--Hebrew university, 1994. Titre de soutenance : Petitio-elections, canvassing and the functioning of electoral assemblies in the late roman republic.Bibliogr. p. 235-246. Index.
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Escobar, Cristina. "Clientelism, mobilization and citizenship : peasant politics in Sucre, Colombia /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9901446.
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Breindel, Marley H. "How Has Democracy Taken Shape in Hong Kong's Patrimonial System of Governance?" Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1238.
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This thesis seeks to uncover the ways in which China has seized political control of the HKSAR with the use of patron-client politics, before ultimately examining the growth of democracy within this patron-client system of governance. This goal was pursued with the intention of shedding light on the legitimacy of Chinese rule in HK and in order to consider the extent to which the HKSAR can really be called a democracy. In answering these questions, we consider both Chinese and HK history, as to understand how each region's political history has influenced governance in modern HK. We then move on to an in-depth analysis of what pro-Beijing and pro-democracy forces have each done to further their own agendas –what political and institutional successes and failures have each had, and to what degree of significance? We ultimately conclude that although Beijing governance, and consequently patrimonialism, is here to stay, democracy certainly has room for growth –In an attempt to balance electoral competitiveness and the patrimonialism, the HKSAR will continue to grow in unique ways that perhaps the world has not yet seen before. HK's political growth should matter not only to Hong Kongers, as it represents China’s first genuine attempt at experimenting with democracy, albeit in perhaps reserved ways. Furthermore, China's operations within Hong Kong’s more democratic arena have brought to light parts of its own character that otherwise may have remained shrouded in shadows. If China is ever to follow global trends towards democracy and perhaps pave the road for more to follow, we will certainly be able to trace the roots of change back to HK.
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Ramirez, Philippe. "Patrons et clients : étude des relations politiques sur le site d'un ancien royaume indo-népalais, Argha (Népal central)." Paris 10, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA100072.
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Argha, une ancienne principauté du bassin de la gandaki annexée au Népal à la fin du XVIIIe siècle, est peuplée en majorité d'indo-népalais, de religion hindoue et divises en une hiérarchie de groupes de statut. Autorité et solidarité reposent essentiellement sur des liens interpersonnels et hiérarchiques, notamment de type clientelaire. Les structures politiques locales s'articulent autour de lignages de haut statut soutenus par des réseaux de clientèle et dont la confrontation prend la forme de luttes factionnelles. On a montré que la nature personnelle de et hiérarchique des relations d'autorité était déjà a l'œuvre au sein des groupes domestiques et agnatiques, dont on a précisé les limites et les mécanismes de développement. Par une approche mettant en perspective matériaux historiques, rituels et confrontations électorales, on a pu reconstituer partiellement la genèse de l'organisation politique actuelle. Jusqu'en 1951, le dispositif administratif national était fonde sur la délégation de l'autorité au long d'une myriade de contrats liant des détenteurs a des exploitants et confondant fonctions fiduciaires administratives et judiciaires. Dans le nouveau régime, les charges ne sont plus conférées par l'état mais émanent de la représentation électorale. Cette évolution a eu un impact décisif sur les mécanismes d'affiliation et, partant, sur les structures politiques locales. Les vieux lignages dominants, dont la légitimité remontait au temps des principautés, perdent rapidement de leur influence, dans le cadre d'une atomisation générale des espaces politiquesArgha is a former principality of the gandaki basin, annexed by Nepal in late xviiith century. The population is mainly indo-Nepalese, being Hindu by religion and divided into a hierarchy of status-groups. Authority and solidarity are based on inter-individual and hierarchical ties, linking, among others, patrons and clients. Local political structures tie up from high-status lineages backed by their clients and taking the form of factions involved in permanent competition. The personal and hierarchical nature of authority prevails right from the domestic and agnatic spheres. The exact limits of the descent units and the process of their development have been scrutinized. An attempt has been made to reconstruct the emergence of today's political organization through simultaneous analyses of historical data, rituals and local elections. Up to 1951, government, particularly at the local level, was based on the delegation of authority along a pyramid of contracts between owners of rights and brokers. Functions pertaining to administration, taxes and justice were not made distinct. Under the new regime, charges are nor granted anymore by the sovereign but allotted through the electoral process. This development had a decisive impact on affiliation mechanisms and, as a consequence, on the political structure of the locality. Old dominant lineages, which legitimacy dated back to the principalities, loose their influence in the context of a global breaking up of former political territories
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David, Jean-Michel. ""Patroni causarum" : comportements publics et images collectives aux deux derniers siècles de la République romaine." Paris 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA010585.
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Cette étude du patronat judiciaire à la fin de la République romaine repose sur l'analyse du corpus prosopographique des individus qui sont intervenus devant les tribunaux. La défense en justice s'inscrivait dans le modèle ancien du patronat qui organisait la protection du plus faible par le plus fort. L'échange des services et la reconnaissance de la supériorité étaient ainsi la seule rémunération possible. Les choix restaient détermines par les règles de la solidarité et les rapports de subordination qui permettaient aux plus puissants de disposer de véritables domesticités oratoires. Cette activité ne pouvait avoir d'efficacité que dans une articulation de l'éloquence et de l'autorité. La réaction sénatoriale à l'émergence d'orateurs issus des municipes italiens l'avait montré. La conception romaine de l'énonciation publique demeurait dans les formes de l'apprentissage de la rhétorique et le rejet de la logographie. Les types d'intervention (plaidoiries civiles, accusation ou défense) restaient associes au statut des intervenants. Les modèles de comportement pourtant pouvaient être l'objet de conflits. Les normes s'incarnaient alors dans la figure de ceux qui les avaient enrichis et qui avaient défini par leur exemple les conduites admissiblesThis study of the judiciary patronage at the end of the roman republic is based on the analysis of a prosopographical corpus of the individuals who pleaded in the courts. The defence was inscribed in the pattern of the old patronage which settled weeker individuals under the protection of stronger ones. Within this category of service exchanges, the acknowledgement of superiority was the only type of remuneration. Choices were defined by rules of solidarity and by relations of subordination which let the most powerful men have some domestic orators at their disposal. The efficiency of speech depended on the interaction between social status and eloquence, as senatorial reaction against arising orators coming from Italian towns pointed out. The roman conception of public delivery kept to the teaching procedures of rhetoric and the rejection of logography. People acted according to their own status : pleading in civil courts or accusing or defending in criminal ones. Nevertheless the behaviour patterns could form the subject of struggles. Rules became incarnate in the person of these mens who have defined which were the allowable conducts and had enriched them through their own example
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Ryu, Soonok. "Charles Masson, ses commanditaires et l’architecture domestique à Nancy pendant l’entre-deux-guerres." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0166/document.
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Charles Masson (1894-1971) est un des principaux architectes de l’entre-deux-guerres à Nancy. Cette période de l’histoire de l’architecture à Nancy et en Lorraine est encore en cours d’étude. Adoptant la forme classique d’une monographie d’architecte, cette thèse y apporte sa contribution mais en tentant d’élargir l’étude par la connaissance des commanditaires. Elle s’attache d’abord à établir la biographie de cet architecte né en Moselle annexée et dont la formation en Allemagne lui donne un profil singulier. Le corpus des édifices bâtis par Masson au nombre de 57 a été défini, étudié et réuni dans un catalogue qui constitue le troisième volume de la thèse. Géographiquement, ils se trouvent principalement à Nancy et, pour presque la moitié d’entre eux, dans le fameux Parc de Saurupt, haut lieu de l’architecture Art nouveau et où Masson s’est fortement investi, mais du point de vue de leur statut, ils ne comptent que des villas ou des maisons et des immeubles, mais aucun bâtiment public. Masson présente la particularité rare de n’avoir travaillé à Nancy que pour l’architecture domestique. Les 41 commanditaires identifiés sont donc tous des particuliers, à l’origine et au profil social variés, appartenant généralement à la bourgeoisie fortunée. La synthèse se penche non seulement sur la vie et les constructions de Masson, mais tente aussi de saisir les relations entre l’architecte et ses clients, question qui jusqu’ici, pour ce qui concerne l’architecture de l’entre-deux-guerres, n’a pas été traitée sérieusement ni systématiquement. C’est un des intérêts de cette thèse de tenter d’aborder de front la question de la clientèle de l’architecte Masson. Pour cela, l’apport des archives s’avère essentiel mais, si la très grande majorité des plans dressés par Masson a été conservée, aucune correspondance n’a été retrouvée. On y a suppléé en étudiant finement le profil social de chaque commanditaire et en examinant les plans et l’architecture de chaque édifice pour en identifier les partis pris et deviner les souhaits des clients : leur rêve de villa ou leur désir de profiter des bonnes affaires dans l’immobilier. Cette étude révèle donc un architecte nancéien méconnu malgré l’importance de son œuvre et se veut une contribution à la connaissance de l’architecture domestique et de la clientèle des architectes de l’entre-deux-guerresCharles Masson (1894-1971) was one of the leading architects of the interwar period in Nancy. People are still studying the effects of this historical and architectural period in Nancy and Lorraine. Adopting the classic form of an architectural monograph, this thesis both contributes to these studies and tries to broaden the study by mentioning the patrons. First of all, it focuses on the life of this architect, born in Moselle when Moselle was a part of Germany and whose German upbringing gives his work a unique character. Masson's oeuvre consists of 57 buildings, which have all been defined, studied, and collected together in a catalog, which constitutes the third volume of this thesis. Geographically, they are primarily located in Nancy and almost half of them are located in the famous Parc de Saurupt, the Mecca of Art Nouveau architecture and where Masson invested a lot of his time and effort, but when it comes to the types of buildings, he only designed villas, houses, and apartments. There are no public buildings in his work. Masson is unique in having only worked on residential architecture in Nancy. The 41 identified patrons are therefore all individuals, who all come from a variety of backgrounds and social classes, generally belonging to the wealthy bourgeoisie. This thesis not only looks at the life and work of Masson, but also attempts to understand the relationship between the architect and his clients, an issue which up to now, as far as the architecture of the interwar period is concerned, has not been treated seriously or systematically. It is one of the primary goals of this thesis to try to address the nature of Masson's clientele head-on. For this, the archives have proven essential, but no correspondence has yet been found despite the vast majority of the plans drawn up by Masson having been preserved. We supplemented this by carefully studying the social profile of each patron and by examining the plans and architecture of each building. We were able to identify their biases and estimate the client’s wishes, whether they dreamed of owning a luxury villa or were looking for a bargain property. This study has revealed an unknown architect from Nancy, who despite the importance of his work, has helped contribute to the knowledge of the domestic architecture and the clientele of the architects of the interwar period
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Piliavsky, Anastasia. "Theft, patronage & society in Western India." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:227b49fc-1ca7-458c-9b1a-86da3212d042.
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This thesis is an ethnography of a community of professional thieves called the Kanjar-a 'caste of thieves' by practice, public perception and self-designation-in the northern Indian province of Rajasthan. It is also an argument that spells out the broader logic of rank in local society. Insofar as it offers the first ethnography of the Kanjar community- and of caste-based, professional, hereditary theft-this study is new. My analytical concern with hierarchy and rank, however, is old, engaging in the once central, and now largely out-fashioned, discussion in the sociology of South Asia. My project began with a narrow set of concerns with the place of thieving and thieves in local society. In the course of my fieldwork, however, it became apparent that the received wisdom of South Asian sociology regarding the principles of rank did not offer useful explanatory tools and that a different conception of rank was necessary to make sense of what I observed, both about the social position of Kanjars and the hierarchical social formation at large. As is so often the case, what began as a study of historically and sociologically particular circumstances became an inquiry into the pervasive regnant aspects of the local order of things.
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Šedvydis, Laurynas. "Vyskupo Pauliaus Alšėniškio (~1492-1555 M.) dvaras ir klientūra." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20110617_132043-36551.
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Šio darbo objektas yra Lucko (1507-1536 m.) ir Vilniaus (1536-1555 m.) vyskupo, kunigaikščio Pauliaus Alšėniškio dvaras ir klientūra. Šio darbo tikslas yra nustatyti Pauliaus Alšėniškio klientų ir dvariškių vietą XVI a. I pusės Lietuvos Didžiosios kunigaikštystės visuomeninėje struktūroje. Naudodamiesi istoriografija apsibrėžėme keturias skirtingas patronato formas, atsispindėjusias Pauliaus Alšėniškio aplinkoje: asmeninį patronatą, regioninį patronatą, politinė klientūra bei bažnytinė klientūra. Darbo struktūrą parėmėme šiuo skirstymu.
Šio darbo įžanginę dalį sudaro, įvadas, šaltinių ir literatūros apžvalga, teorinių patronato ir klientūros klausimų aptarimas. Darbo dėstomąją dalį sudaro penki skyriai. Pirmasis skyrius yra skirtas Pauliaus Alšėniškio dvaro problemoms: dvaro pareigūnų ir dvariškių identifikavimui bei kasdienio veikimo problemoms. Antrasis dėstymo dalies skyrius skirtas „regioniniam“ patronatui. Jame nagrinėjame pagrindinių Pauliaus Alšėniškio valdų – Alšėnų, Volpos ir Punios bajorų santykius su Pauliumi Alšėniškiu bei jų statusą valstybėje. Trečiasis dėstomosios dalies skyrius skirtas klientūrai siaurąja – politinio patronato prasme. Šiame skyriuje mes aptariame Pauliaus Alšėniškio klientus LDK didžiojo kunigaikščio dvare bei jų socialinio mobilumo klausimus. Ketvirtasis dėstomosios dalies skyrius skirtas Pauliaus Alšėniškio klientūra jo pagrindinėje veiklos sferoje – katalikų bažnyčioje. Šiame skyriuje mes identifikavome jo klientus dvasininkus Lucko ir... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]The research object of this thesis is the court ant the clientage (client system) of duke, bishop of Lutsk (1507-1536) and Vilnius (1536-1555) Paul of Holshany. The aim of this research is to identify the status of courtiers and clients of Paulo f Holshany in the context of social structure of Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL). After reviewing newest historiographical positions on the subject of social structure of 16th century GDL, we have identified 4 different spheres of patronage (personal patronage, regional patronage, political patronage (clientage proper), and institutional patronage), which have been researched by other historians and therefore we have divided our work accordingly. This thesis begins with (review of sources and theoretical framework of patron-client relations). Main body of this work is divided into five chapters. The first chapter is dedicated to identifying the courtiers and members of the court of Paul of Holshany and the problems of the everyday existence of this institution. The second chapter is dedicated to the problems of regional patronage in the main landholdings of the duke-bishop – Volpa, Holshany and Punia. Third chapter is dedicated to the clientage proper – political clients of Paul of Holshany and the political influence he had in the GDL. The Fourth chapter explores the system of clientage that Paul of Holshany created in his main sphere of work – the Catholic Church. We dedicate this chapter to identify the church – clients in the... [to full text]
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Pinthong, Jaree. "Clientelism, social policy and welfare state development : a case study on Thailand." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:57492483-eca6-4fda-b5cc-420cc8ee894c.
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This thesis consists of four independent chapters each of which addresses the relationship between clientelism and social policy in relation to welfare state development from different perspectives. The overarching research question examines whether the adoption of such policies leads to de-clientelisation, and, if so, to what extent. The research extensively draws upon both cross-national data and that from Thailand between 2000-2012 during which populist welfare policies have gained significant influence on political development. Chapter 1 employs a global dataset of developing countries to offer a comparative perspective on the subject and shows that political parties generally trade-off between social policy and their engagement in clientelism. The latter three chapters take Thailand as a case study empirically investigate clientelist mechanisms at different geographic levels. Focusing on the household level, Chapter 2 evaluates the role of patron-client relations in determining access to the Thailand Village Fund based on the Socio-Economic Household Surveys. The provincial level is examined in Chapter 3 which studies economic and political determinants of two types of provincial-level distributive transfers: social policy spending and discretionary spending. Chapter 4 examines the clientelist mechanism at the national level through an assessment of the electoral linkage dynamics by measuring changes in personal votes. The findings show some degree of resilience of clientelist relations as they intervene with social policy allocation, particularly at local level. The global trend contrasts with the case of Thailand where, as in-depth analyses of the latter three chapters have shown, clientelist relations often persist and convert into a new form, for example the southern model of welfare regimes.
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Mello, Paulo Freire. "Clientelismo e brokerage na reforma agrária : a ascensão das novas elites." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/35399.
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O assentamento Viamão, localizado no município de mesmo nome, foi o local escolhido para compreender as estratégias de ascensão social de determinados grupos de assentados. Partimos da hipótese de que o espaço de mediação entre o INCRA e os assentamentos está permeado de relações do tipo patrão-cliente, o que possibilita o controle dos recursos públicos por parte do segmento dos assentados que dirigem ou estão vinculados ao MST e, com isso, promovem a ascensão de uma elite política nos assentamentos, com os correlatos prejuízos por parte daqueles que não se enquadram às novas hierarquias. Para dar conta desta tarefa, acompanhamos o desenrolar das ações dos mediadores e as disputas internas pelo controle dos recursos públicos (terra, água para irrigação do arroz, recursos financeiros e até a possibilidade de definição daqueles que devem ser ou não punidos pelo INCRA, órgãos de controle e justiça) entre as duas principais facções internas. Para além das vicissitudes típicas de assentamentos brasileiros, este contou com algumas peculiaridades – grande presença de várzeas, ausência de demarcação por logo período e limitações relacionadas à presença de reservas ambientais – que conformaram uma fraca institucionalização interna e contribuíram para engendrar modos de vida adaptativos. O principal deles foi representado por uma combinação de pluriatividade com arrendamento das várzeas para plantio do arroz por outros assentados. Este processo foi viabilizado por coalizões informais, na forma de conjuntos-ação com elementos de relação patrão-cliente. Constatamos que o grupo ligado ao MST, com ideário socializante e, fundamentalmente, ecologizante, obteve êxito no domínio do espaço de mediação, inclusive pela expulsão daqueles que o opunham. Isto foi possível graças a uma cadeia clientelística que começava nos conjuntos-ação, passava por brokers internos ao assentamento e alcançava as “panelinhas” existentes no INCRA, momento em que o processo se apresenta como uma espécie de clientelismo concentrado, na medida em que somente os líderes do MST conseguem construir pontes entre o buraco estrutural que separa o INCRA dos assentados e consolidar uma doxa legitimadora do discurso militante, causa e conseqüência deste processo.Viamão The settlement, located in the municipality of the same name, was the venue for understanding the strategies for social mobility of certain groups of settlers. Our hypothesis is that the area of mediation between INCRA and the settlements is permeated by relations of patron-client, which enables control of public resources by the segment of the settlers who run or linked to the MST and thus, promote the rise of a political elite in the settlements, with the related losses by those who do not fit the new hierarchies. To cope with this task, we follow the progress of the actions of mediators and the infighting for control of public resources (land, water for irrigation of rice, funds and even the possibility of defining those who should be punished or not by INCRA, organs control and justice) between the two main internal factions. In addition to the vicissitudes of typical Brazilian settlements, it had some peculiarities - the large presence of wetlands, lack of demarcation for long period and limitations related to the presence of environmental reserves - which have made a weak internal institutionalization and helped engender adaptive lifestyles. The main one was represented by a combination of pluriativity with tenancy of the paddy fields for planting rice by other settlers. This process was made possible by informal coalitions in the form of jointaction with elements of patron-client relationship. We find that a group linked to the MST, with socialist and, essentially, ecological ideals succeeded in the area of mediation, including the expulsion of those who opposed. This was possible thanks to a chain that began in clientelistic joint-action, passed by the internal settlement brokers and reached the "panelinhas" of INCRA bureaucracy, when the process is presented as a sort of clientelism concentrated, in that only MST leaders can build bridges between the structural hole that separates the INCRA of the settlements and consolidate a discourse militant legitimating doxa, cause and consequence of this process.
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Monceix, Chulsky Céline. "Notables nîmois : magistrats, chevaliers et sénateurs issus de la cité de Nîmes à l'époque romaine." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010651.
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La cité de Nîmes se distingue, à l'époque romaine, par sa riche aristocratie. Au premier siècle av. N. è. , des préteurs sont attestés ; ils semblent être à la tête d'une confédération des Volques Arécomiques, rassemblant une trentaine d'agglomérations indépendantes. A l'époque césarienne, ces agglomérations reçoivent le droit latin et Nîmes devient une colonie latine dirigée par des quattuorvirs. Au début du règne d'Auguste, Nîmes est refondée ; la plupart des autres agglomérations de la région passent sous sa domination politique. A cette époque, les notables semblent souvent être les descendants d'aristocrates ayant reçu la citoyenneté de grands généraux de la République, et donc être issus de l'ancienne élite dirigeante indigène. Les plus importants intègrent le Sénat de Rome. La carrière sépare nettement des élites anciennes suivant un parcours en trois à quatre étapes et des personnages plus modestes ne prenant en charge que la questure ou l'édilité. Le cursus est strict que pour ceux qui n'appartiennent pas à l'ordre équestre et les sénateurs ne le suivent jamais. La période la plus faste pour Nîmes et le deuxième siècle. Nîmes ne produit quasiment plus de sénateurs, mais les chevaliers locaux ont une ampleur sans précédent, et la cité rayonne sur la Narbonnaise. Les magistrats sont alors très largement issus de nouvelles familles indigènes n'ayant pas appartenu aux clientèles républicaines. L'élite nîmoise se recense ainsi progressivement sur sa province. Toutefois, un arrêt progressif de l'usage des inscriptions ne nous permet presque plus, à partir du début du troisième siècle, de connaître les notablesWe know the city of Nemausus' rich Roman aristocracy through inscriptions and a few Roman writers. In the first century before the common Era, practors seems to be at the head the Confederation of Arecomic Volques includind about 30 independent towns. In the Caesarien Era, these towns received Latin law and Nemausus became a Latin colony ruled by quattuorviri. In the beginning of the Augustian Era, Nemausus was founded again ; most towns lost their independence and were then ruled by Nemausus. It could have been the period when the local political curriculum was modified. The elite seemed, at this time, to be comprised mostly of descendants of the former indigenous ruling aristocrats who received citizenship from great generals of the Roman republic. The most important and talented then entered the Roman Senate. The curriculum distinguished between members of the traditional indigenous elite who followed a career comprised of 3 or 4 steps and people from less prestigious families who could only become quaestores or aediles. The order of charges was strict only for those who were not equites and senators never undertook local offices. During the First century of the C. E. , the ruling elite became more diverse, even though descendants from the traditional aristocracy still dominated publics. Nemausus was at its zenith in the second century. Nearly no senator originated from the city at that time but equites had an unprecedented greatness and the city flourished on the province of Narbonensis. Members of the ruling elite were now mostly from new families. The elite from Nemausus increasingly focused on Narbonensis, while previously it was mostly focused on Rome. In the second century C. E. , members of the elite increased contributions towards Nemausus and other provincial cities, local senates decreeing honorofic rewards in exchange. Nemausus now attracted not only elites from Arecomic towns previously independent, but also elites from other cities. Beginning in the third century, we lose trace of this elite since they stopped using inscriptions/
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O'Brien, David Paul. "Rich clients and poor patrons : functions of friendship in Clement of Alexandria's Quis Dives Salvetur." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4be681a0-d1f7-41ad-a03e-5df8b1378021.
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Quis Dives Salvetur (QDS) is a small but fascinating homiletic treatise composed by Clement of Alexandria which seeks to address certain problems concerning the salvific status of wealthy Christians. The aim of this thesis is to ascertain the beliefs and actions that Clement wants his wealthy readers to adopt as a result of reading this discourse. This study presupposes that Clement's views on wealth did not change drastically over the period of time since composing his other works. The implication is that the complex philosophical and theological concepts in QDS may be illuminated from similar treatments in his other works. This study shows that the Graeco-Roman philosophical and cultural conventions of friendship play fundamental roles in the two rubrics under which many of the key concepts in QDS may be grouped. Salvation is ultimately friendship and sonship with God, and is the telos of philosophical and ethical ascent, where the believer becomes like God in his apathetic and beneficent nature. Clement adapts the Stoic doctrine of oikeiosis to describe the way in which a believer progresses from a nascent self-knowledge and self-love at regeneration to the knowledge of God and love of God at his adoption as son and friend. Salvation in QDS is not purely an individualistic pursuit, rather it is located in the church as the ideal philosophical community of friends, where relations are grounded on an ethic of reciprocity. This study challenges the dominant view held by modern scholars that the whole of QDS is devoted to vindicating the possibility that the rich can be saved even as rich. This view ignores the fact that the rich are to strive for the gnostic state of apatheia. Having devoted the first half of the treatise to showing that the wealthy are called to salvation, Clement counsels them, in the second half, to distribute their superfluous possessions indiscriminately to those less well-off in their community, while retaining a frugal self-sufficiency. Concomitant with indiscriminate almsgiving, rich believers must undertake a second repentance which requires them to submit to an advanced Christian who will act as their spiritual patron, guide and advocate before God.
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Canepari, Eleonora. "La construction du pouvoir local : élites municipales, relations sociales et transactions économiques dans la Rome moderne (1550-1650)." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00675360.
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La thèse a pour objet les liens entre l'élite municipale de Rome et les classes " populaires " au cours des XVIe et XVIIe siècle. On se propose de montrer que les liens qui unissaient l'élite à la population des quartiers ont joué un rôle fondamental dans le processus de construction du pouvoir local et d'accès au pouvoir politique municipal. Le travail s'attache à démontrer que la base locale du pouvoir municipal était constituée par les élites à la faveur des transactions tant économiques que sociales qu'elles passaient avec la population des quartiers : locations, échanges commerciaux, services domestiques, embauches de salariés, etc. Ces relations se développaient autour du patrimoine immobilier et foncier, et particulièrement autour du complexe résidentiel des familles de l'élite. Dans la Rome des siècles XVIe et XVIIe, la classe nobiliaire municipale était caractérisée par une forte mobilité sociale ainsi que par son ouverture à de nouveaux arrivants ; d'où l'absence d'une définition univoque et explicite du " gentilhomme ", ainsi que d'une liste d'inscription des membres de l'élite (le livre d'or de la noblesse romaine ne fut établi qu'en 1746). Pour obtenir un office municipal, le candidat était censé être un " homme illustre " du quartier où il résidait : mais par qui la qualité d'illustre était-elle conférée ? Auprès de qui le candidat devait-il être connu, et reconnu, en tant que gentilhomme ? Ce travail voudrait mettre en évidence le rôle joué par les échanges entre le " haut " et le " bas " du monde social urbain dans le processus de construction du pouvoir local et donc, en dernière analyse, dans la formation des élites : les charges politiques du Capitole ne seraient que la formalisation d'une autorité effective qui se construisait et s'exerçait tout d'abord dans le territoire. Une formalisation certainement importante si l'on considère que l'obtention d'un office municipal se voyait retenue comme une preuve de noblesse. On voit donc très clairement l'intérêt que les candidats au Capitole avaient à se construire une base de pouvoir local. Ce travail s'insère dans le contexte historiographique de la micro-histoire. Il met en oeuvre un cadre interprétatif qui se nourrit de concepts et modèles empruntés à l'anthropologie politique, et notamment ceux qui décrivent le pourvoir comme une construction relationnelle. La nature relationnelle du pouvoir est le point de départ des études qui ont identifié des modèles de gestion du pouvoir centrés sur les individus, dont l'autorité est construite et reconnue tout d'abord au sein d'un réseau social particulier. Trois modèles ont été particulièrement utiles pour étudier les élites de la Rome moderne : en ordre croissant d'importance, la relation patron-client, l'entrepreneur et le big-man. Plan de la thèse : Une première partie présente certains des éléments-clés de la recherche, ainsi que les débats historiographiques dont ils font l'objet : le patriciat urbain (chapitre I), le fonctionnement du gouvernement municipal (chapitre II) et les modèles de carrières municipales (chapitre III). Cette partie a semblé nécessaire afin d'introduire des concepts et des catégories - telles que l'élite municipale, le Capitole et les carrières politiques - qui sont centrales dans l'ensemble de ce travail. Avec la deuxième partie, on aborde la construction du pouvoir local, en analysant l'ancrage des acteurs dans le quartier d'un point de vue socio-topographique. Les chapitres IV et V analysent la présence des familles de la noblesse municipale dans l'espace du quartier, en se focalisant sur le palais - et ce qui l'a précédé, le complexe résidentiel médiéval -, et ceux qui y habitaient et qui le fréquentaient. Le but est de montrer que, tout au long de la période examinée, le palais a continué d'être un centre d'agrégation d'un groupe informel qui se créait autour du noble, selon un modèle qui peut évoquer, mutatis mutandis, les fiefs urbains de la Rome médiévale. Dans le chapitre V, on étudie aussi le rôle topographique du palais sur les alentours, et la formation d'îlots, des espaces semi-privés de " propriété " de la famille. Les formes de l'autorité personnelle et son rôle dans les quartiers sont décrits dans le chapitre VI, qui présente les différents moyens mis en œuvre pour garder l'emprise sur le territoire : de la violence à la charité. Avec la troisième partie, on aborde le sujet des transactions économiques et sociales qui liaient les membres de l'élite municipale aux habitants des quartiers, pour montrer la logique sociale des échanges. On a découpé le thème en trois chapitres, qui portent sur les biens immobiliers et les relations entre locataires et propriétaires (chapitre VII), la gestion de domaines et vignes et les rapports avec les salariés (chapitre VIII) et les relations de crédit (chapitre IX). Enfin, une quatrième partie est consacrée à une étude de cas, celui de la famille Velli et du quartier Trastevere. Le rione a été choisi parce qu'il était le plus " populaire " de la ville, un territoire urbain à vocation agricole et commerciale. Les Velli y étaient parmi les familles les plus importantes. Divisée en deux chapitres (le X, qui traite de l'ancrage de la famille dans le quartier et le XI qui porte sur les transactions des Velli avec les habitants du Trastevere), cette dernière partie voudrait reprendre l'ensemble des aspects du modèle qui ont été présentés au cours de la thèse, autour d'un cas familial. Ce faisant, on souhaité proposer une vue d'ensemble des mécanismes de construction du pouvoir local au sein d'un quartier.
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Huapaya, Chura Yaxira Sharajean, and Morales Álvaro Gonzalo Velasquez. "Identificación del patrón de características del cliente Prime desertor de tarjeta de crédito del Banco BBVA Perú aplicando la metodología de la Ciencia de Datos." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/655780.
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El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo encontrar el patrón de características del cliente Premium desertor de tarjetas de crédito, tomando como foco principal la oficina Chacarilla del banco BBVA puesto que, ayudará a identificar al cliente desertor usuario de tarjetas de crédito y, además podrá ser usada para mejorar la gestión del cliente y personalizar los productos según comportamiento.
La metodología aplicada se basa en la ciencia de datos, tomando en cuenta diversos estudios de pronósticos de deserción, para luego correlacionar y analizar el conjunto de datos utilizado para este caso, que comprende 1174 datos. Así mismo, se valida las correlaciones e impacto significativo a la agencia para poder quedarnos con 217 clientes desertores, que pertenecen a una categoría premium.
Así mismo, cabe mencionar que la deserción y fuga de usuarios de tarjetas de crédito incide con mayor frecuencia, a comparación de otros productos en todas las entidades financieras del Perú puesto que, las entidades bancarias ofrecen a los clientes mejores tasas y beneficios cada mes.The purpose of this work is to find the pattern of characteristics of the Premium customer credit card defector, with the main focus of the Chacarilla office of the BBVA bank since, to identify the customer defending customer credit card user and, in addition, it can easily be to improve customer management and customize products based on behaviour. The methodology applied is based on data science, taking into account various studies of attrition analysis, to then correlate and analyse the set of data used for this case, which comprises 1174 of data. Likewise, the correlations and the significant impact on the agency are validated to be able to keep 217 defending clients, who belong to a premium category. Likewise, it is worth mentioning that the defection and leakage of credit card users affects more frequently, a comparison of other products in all financial entities of Peru since, banking entities offer customers better rates and benefits every month.
Trabajo de investigación
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Deniaux, Élizabeth. "Commendatio : recommandations, patronages et clientèles à l'époque de Cicéron." Paris 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA010653.
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Les relations entre la clientèle et le pouvoir à la fin de la république romaine ont été étudiés à partir d'un type de document, les lettres de recommandation de Cicéron. Dans une société pénétrée de valeurs hiérarchiques comme la société romaine, les règles de la clientèle, codifiées dans le plus ancien droit, sont toujours respectées. Nous avons tenté d'appréhender les rapports de clientèle d'une manière concrète, en dépassant la définition strictement juridique de ceux-ci. Les lettres de recommandation font connaitre une partie des multiples réseaux d'amis et de clients (clients individuels et clientèles collectives) qui constituent un élément important de la puissance sociale de Cicéron et de son pouvoir politique dans un monde ou la force des groupes d'amis est partout mise en évidence. L'enquête prosopographique permet l'identification des personnes en cause. L'étude des lettres informe sur les pratiques du patronage à cette époque. La médiation de Cicéron s'exerce dans des domaines divers: élections, accès à des postes de commandement militaire et à la citoyenneté romaine, soutien des intérêts financiers et des affaires judiciaires et, enfin, protection des personnes et des biens dans une situation politique difficile. L'examen des stratégies de l'influence de Cicéron en faveur de ses clients menaces par la colonisation césarienne a ensuite été aborde. Le patronage est lié alors à la manipulation de la décision politique et la recommandation est un de ses modes d'actionThe Cicero's letters of recommendation are used as basic data for the study of clientele to political power relations at the end of the roman republic. The roman society was impregnated with a high sense of hierarchy. Consequently, the patron-client rules which had been codified in the ancient law were still enforced. Our purpose has been to analyze patron-client relationship not only on its legal bases but especially on practical examples. The study of recommendation letters produce evidence for some aspects of the multiple network of Cicero's friends and clients (either individual or collective clients). They played an important part in his political leadership in a world where the influence of friend groups was always shown to be powerful. The prosopographical method is used to identify the individuals and the study of the letters to recognize patronage practices of that time. Cicero acted as a broker in many cases such as elections, access to military command and to roman citizenship, support in financial benefits and in trials, and, at last, protection of individuals and properties when political circumstances were difficult. For instance, Cicero's strategical influence is shown in the case of his clients threatened by Caesar's colonization. Patronage is thus related to power in regard to decision-making and recommendation can be considered as one of its effective implement
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Chozin, Muhammad. "Illegal but Common: Life of Blast Fishermen in the Spermonde Archipelago, South Sulawesi, Indonesia." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1213299684.
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Ordahi, Lisnéia Fabiani Bock. "Comunicação entre a enfermagem e clientes em um centro de terapia intensiva com base na teoria humanística de Paterson e Zderad." Florianópolis, SC, 2006. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/89375.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem.Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-22T20:08:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 235986.pdf: 1052932 bytes, checksum: 684a9960f61bf5d3d592c6dd66631dca (MD5)
Trata-se de uma pesquisa convergente-assistencial que tem como objetivos identificar nos discursos e na prática da enfermagem o diálogo entre esta e o cliente impossibilitado de comunicação verbal à luz da teoria humanística de Paterson e Zderad; e analisar o processo comunicacional que ocorre entre a equipe de enfermagem e o cliente impossibilitado de comunicação verbal. A coleta de dados ocorreu no período de abril a julho de 2005, com nove técnicos de enfermagem do turno Noite B do Centro de Terapia Intensiva de um hospital privado de Porto Alegre/RS. Utilizamos a observação não participante e de três oficinas, chamadas de Oficinas Existenciais. As informações coletadas foram agrupadas de acordo com os temas discutidos nas oficinas e observação não participante, sendo compilados em quatro categorias de forma a contemplar os objetivos propostos, sendo assim: o conhecer a si e aos outros; a comunicação entre a enfermagem e cliente, família e outros profissionais da saúde; a experiência do não cuidado e analisando o processo comunicacional entre a enfermagem e o cliente. As reflexões possibilitaram reconhecer que a relação dialógica ainda permanece um tanto prejudicada pela #robotização das pessoas que cuidam#, que deixam de perceber e conhecer a si e ao cliente nas suas condições de ser humano. As vivências desveladas por cada participante apontam para a necessidade de integração entre os profissionais da saúde nas questões terapêuticas e ao entendimento no processo comunicacional com o cliente, através do estar com, do ser mais, da transferência do amor e da compaixão. Além disso, o discurso do ideal necessita ser o mesmo da ação real para que o cuidado seja humanizado.
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Le, Corre Mael René Vincent. "Influence du climat, de la disponibilité des ressources et de la taille des populations sur la phénologie et les patrons de migration du caribou migrateur, "Rangifer tarandus"." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27020.
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De nombreuses populations migratrices sont actuellement en déclin. Les changements climatiques entrainent des modifications dans les habitats des espèces migratrices et la phénologie des processus naturels, lesquels se répercutent sur la migration, une période critique pour ces espèces. Comprendre comment les variables environnementales et climatiques affectent la phénologie et les patrons de migration est donc crucial. Ma thèse s'intéresse à l'impact du climat, des ressources alimentaires et de la compétition sur les migrations printanières et automnales des caribous migrateurs, Rangifer tarandus, des troupeaux Rivière-George (TRG) et Rivière-aux-Feuilles (TRF) du Nord-du-Québec et du Labrador. Le premier volet de ma thèse propose une approche objective, basée sur la détection des changements dans la structure des déplacements saisonniers, pour identifier les dates de départ et arrivée en migration. Validée à l'aide de trajets simulés, elle a été appliquée aux migrations printanières et automnales de femelles caribous. Le second volet porte sur l'impact des conditions environnementales sur la phénologie des migrations de printemps et d'automne. Il montre que la phénologie de la migration est principalement affectée par les conditions climatiques rencontrées lors de la migration, les conditions d'enneigement affectant notamment les coûts des déplacements. Au printemps, les caribous subissent des conditions défavorables lorsque la fonte des neiges est précoce. À l'automne, ils semblent ajuster leurs déplacements et migrent plus vite quand la neige débute tôt pour limiter les coûts de déplacement dans une neige profonde. Le troisième volet porte sur les patrons de migration à l'automne et montre que ceux-ci sont affectés essentiellement par une compétition intra- et inter-troupeaux pour les aires d'hivernages. Les caribous du TRG répondent à une augmentation de la compétition sur les aires les plus proches de l'aire de mise bas, liée à une taille de population élevée, en migrant préférentiellement vers les aires les plus éloignées. L'utilisation des aires hivernales par les caribous du TRF est, quant à elle, contrainte par la présence et l’abondance du TRG, cette contrainte diminuant à mesure que le TRG décline et abandonne les migrations vers les aires d'hivernages communes aux deux troupeaux. Cette thèse améliore notre compréhension de l'influence des facteurs environnementaux sur la phénologie et les patrons de migration du caribou migrateur. Ces connaissances sont très utiles pour comprendre l'impact des changements climatiques et établir les plans de conservation pour les espèces migratrices.Several populations of migratory species are actually declining. Climate changes affect the habitat of migratory species and the phenology of natural processes, and impact the migration, a critical period for migratory species. Thus, it is crucial to understand how environmental and climatic variables affect the timing and the patterns of migration. This thesis assesses the impact of climate, food resources and competition on the spring and fall migrations of migratory caribou, Rangifer tarandus, from the Rivière-George (RGH) and Rivière-aux-Feuilles (RFH) herds, in Northern Québec and Labrador. The first part of my thesis presents an objective approach, based on the detection of changes in the structure of seasonal movements, to assess the departure and the arrival dates of the migrations. The approach was validated on simulated paths, and was then applied on the spring and fall migrations of female caribou. The second part focuses on the impact of environmental conditions on the phenology of the spring and fall migrations. It revealed that migration is mainly affected by the climatic conditions encountered during migration, snow conditions partly determining the cost of movements. In the spring, caribou suffer from adverse conditions when the snowmelt is early. In the fall, caribou adjust their movements and migrate faster when snowfall occurs early to limit the cost of moving through deep snow. The third part of my thesis focuses on fall migration patterns and revealed that migration patterns are mainly affected by intra- and inter-herds competition for the winter ranges. Caribou from RGH migrate preferentially toward the furthest winter ranges in response to increased competition, linked with a high population size, limiting the competition on the closest winter ranges. The use of the winter ranges by caribou from RFH is constrained by the abundance of RGH. This constraint decreased as RGH declined and abandoned the migrations toward the winter ranges commonly used by both herds. My thesis increases our knowledge of the environmental factors that affect the phenology and patterns of caribou migrations. This knowledge is useful to understand the impact of climate changes and establish conservation plans for migratory species.
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Guo, Chuanbo. "Modélisation des effets des changements climatiques et des activités anthropiques sur les assemblages des poissons des lacs en Chine." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2333/.
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La connaissance de la distribution spatiale des espèces et des communautés dans les écosystèmes est un préalable indispensable à la compréhension du fonctionnement et les processus des écosystèmes ainsi que les questions de conservation et d'aménagement du territoire. Dans le contexte des changements globaux, le changement climatique et les activités anthropiques sont reconnus comme des déterminants majeurs de la diversité et des patrons de distribution des poissons, affectant ainsi les propriétés et la structure des écosystèmes aquatiques. Cependant, très peu d'efforts ont été entrepris pour étudier la diversité et le fonctionnement de ces écosystèmes lacustres en Chine. Dans cette thèse, nous contribuons à mettre en évidence les effets des changements climatiques et des activités anthropiques sur les patrons de diversité et de distribution des poissons, ainsi que sur le fonctionnement des écosystèmes en nous appuyant sur des approches de modélisation écologique. Dans le premier temps, nous avons déterminé les distributions et les assemblages globales de 425 espèces et sous-espèces de poissons dans 135 lacs distribués à travers le territoire chinois en utilisant une nouvelle approche multi-espèce ajustée par l'arbre multi-variable de régression et connu sous le nom de MRT. Cinq assemblages de poissons ont pu être définis par la classification contrainte avec un total de 107 espèces indicatrices identifiées. Nous avons montré une différence significative de la diversité spécifique pour chaque assemblage : la diversité spécifique des poissons dans le plateau étant significativement plus faible que celle des lacs des plaines. Cependant, la diversité de l'assemblage de l'ensemble des plateaux est plus importante que celle d'autres régions. Par ailleurs, nos résultats indiquent que l'altitude, la température minimale du mois le plus froid, la gamme de température annuelle et les précipitations du mois le plus sec sont des facteurs important dans la détermination des assemblages et des patrons de distribution des poissons des lacs chinois. Dans un 2ème temps, le modèle MRT a été utilisé pour prédire la richesse spécifique et la distribution des espèces de poissons sous l'influence du changement climatique dans le but d'améliorer la gestion et la conservation des poissons en Chine. Nos résultats montrent que MRT est un modèle fiable et idéal pour prédire la communauté multi-spécifique de poissons. Au niveau de la composition spécifique, l'altitude apparait comme le meilleur des prédicteurs, suivi par les précipitations au cours du mois le plus sec, la gamme de température annuelle et la température annuelle moyenne. Pour la richesse spécifique, les précipitations au cours du mois le plus sec, la température maximale du mois le plus chaud et l'aire des lacs sont des facteurs majeurs pour prédire les patrons de distribution et de richesse des poissons. Dans un 3ème temps, nous examinons la capacité et l'incertitude associé aux modèles d'ensemble (c'est à dire à la combinaison des prédictions issues de diffrents modèles de distribution d'espèces (SDM)) pour prédire la distribution et la diversité des espèces de poissons. L'impact potentiel de 2 sources d'incertitude a été démontré : les caractéristiques des espèces (c'est à dire la prévalence des espèces, l'altitude, les gammes de températures et de précipitations) et les techniques de modélisation (méthodes de calibration et d'évaluation). Nos résultats montrent que les prédictions issues d'un simple modèle de distribution (SDM) est très variable et même douteuse pour l'ensemble des espèces considérée alors qu'une approche d'ensemble donne de meilleures prédiction. Nous avons aussi montré qu'il n'y a pas d'influence significative des méthodes d'évaluation sur les sorties du modèle. Nous montrons que les caractéristiques des espèces, la prévalence des espèces, l'altitude et la gamme de précipitations pourraient fortement affecter les résultats des SDMs, alors que la gamme de températures n'a pas d'influence significative. Finalement, nous avons vérifié l'hypothèse selon laquelle la distribution des espèces à faible aire de distribution peut être prédite avec plus de précision que la distribution des espèces à large échelle de distribution. Finalement, l'étude a été focalisée sur l'évaluation des effets des activités anthropiques sur la structure et les fonctions des écosystèmes lacustres peu profond riche en macrophytes (lac Bao'an, localisé dans la partie médiane du Yangtze) en utilisant le modèle ECOPATH. Les résultats montrent que les espèces de poissons commercialisables souffrent d'une très forte pression de pêche, tandis que les ressources fourragères comme les algues, les plantes immergés et les mollusques ne présentes pas de signe de surexploitation. En outre, nos résultats montrent que l'écosystème du lac Bao'an est un système "mûr" selon la théorie d'Odum. Cependant, comparé aux autres écosystèmes lacustres, le lac Bao'an, comme beaucoup d'autres lacs en Chine, montrent une très faible valeur de CI (Connectance Index), de FCI (Finn'sCycling Index) et de SOI (System Omnivory Index), indiquant que les fonctions de ces écosystèmes lacustres chinois ont tendance à être plus simple et plus linéaire que les écosystèmes lacustres d'autres pays. En conséquence, notre étude témoigne d'un besoin urgent d'orientation et de management des activités anthropiques, principalement le repeuplement et la pêcherie traditionnelleKnowledge of the spatial distribution of species and communities in ecosystems is an essential prerequisite for the understanding of ecosystem functioning and processes as well as conservation and spatial planning issues. During the last several decades, in the context of global change, climate change and anthropogenic activities have long been acknowledged as the two main determinants which drive the fish diversity and distributions patterns, and ultimately affect the aquatic ecosystem properties and structure. However, up until now, very few efforts aimed at the fish diversity and ecosystem in the lakes across China. Consequently in the present study, we contribute to highlight the effects of climate change and anthropogenic activities on fish diversity and distribution patterns as well as the ecosystem properties with the approach of several ecological modelling. Specifically, we first build the global perspective on the fish distribution and assemblage patterns for a total of 425 fish species (subspecies) in 135 lakes across China using a novel multi-species approach fitted by the Multivariate Regression Tree (MRT). Five fish assemblages were defined by the constrained clustering, 107 indicator species were thus identified. Species diversity showed significantly differences among each assemblage: fish species richness in plateau lakes was significantly lower than plain lakes; however the diversity of the whole assemblage in plateaus was higher than other regions. Altitude, minimum temperature of the coldest month, annual temperature range and precipitation during the driest month were found to be the most important determinants affecting fish assemblages and distribution patterns in Chinese lakes. Then, MRT model was used to predict both species richness and species distribution in order to improve the management and conservation of fish species in China. Our results showed that MRT is a reliable and ideal community-based predictive technique for multi-species prediction. At the species composition level, altitude was the main determinant for the prediction, followed by precipitation of the driest month, temperature annual range and annual mean temperature. While at the richness level, precipitation of driest month, maximum temperature of warmest month and lake area were the main drivers for the prediction of the fish species richness pattern. Thirdly, we examine the capacity and uncertainty of ensemble modelling in predicting fish species distribution and diversity. Potential impacts from two main kinds of uncertainty sources were thus considered: species characteristics (contained species prevalence, altitude range, temperature range and precipitation range) and model techniques (calibration technique and evaluation technique). Finally, our results highlight that predictions from single SDM were so variety and unreliable for all species while ensemble approaches could yield more accurate predictions; we also found that there was no significant influence on the model outcomes from the evaluation measures; we emphasized that species characteristics as species prevalence, altitude range size and precipitation range size would strongly affect the outcomes of SDMs, but temperature range size didn't show a significantly influence; our findings finally verified the hypothesis that species distributed with a smaller range size could be more accurately predicted than species with large range size to be plausible in aquatic ecosystems. Lastly, a case study focused on evaluating the lake ecosystem properties and foodweb structure as well as the effects in a typical shallow macrophytic lake (Bao'an Lake, distributed in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River basin), using the Ecopath model. Finally, the results showed that all the commercial fish suffered from high fishing pressure while forage resources such as attached algae, submerged plants and molluscs were not fully utilized. Moreover, we highlight that the Bao'an Lake ecosystem was a mature system according to Odum's theory. However when compared with some other lake ecosystems, the Bao'an Lake ecosystem, as well as some China lake ecosystems, showed extremely low values of CI (Connectance Index), FCI (Finn's Cycling Index) and SOI (System Omnivory Index), indicating that the ecosystem functions and food web structure of these Chinese lake tended to be simpler and linear than lake ecosystems in other countries. Consequently, this study indicated an urgent need for the adjustment and management of artificial fishery stocking in such type of lakes. Our present study have pictured the global perspective of lake fish diversity and distribution patterns in China, defined the main determinants, and examined the potential effects of climate change and anthropogenic activities on fish diversity and ecosystem properties. Our results will benefit the conservation and management of fish resources, biodiversity, as well as the lake ecosystems all over the world
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Rozen-Rechels, David. "Patrons et optimisation des comportements de thermo-hydrorégulation dans un paysage hétérogène Water restriction in viviparous lizards causes transgenerational effects on behavioral anxiety and immediate effects on exploration behavior When water interacts with temperature: Ecological and evolutionary implications of thermo‐hydroregulation in terrestrial ectotherms." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS345.
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Les changements climatiques actuels induisent des modifications du paysage thermique et hydrique dans lequel vivent les organismes. Il est attendu que les organismes ectothermes, qui régulent leur température corporelle via le comportement, aient la capacité de tamponner tout ou partie des effets négatifs de ces modifications sur la physiologie et les performances. Toutefois peu d’études se sont penchées sur les coûts que peuvent avoir les modifications de l’environnement hydrique sur les comportements de thermorégulation. L’objectif principal de cette thèse est de décrire des mécanismes comportementaux de régulation conjointe de la température corporelle et de la balance hydrique, définis alors comme comportements de thermo-hydrorégulation. Je me suis concentré sur l’étude du comportement d’un squamate de milieu tempéré, le lézard vivipare (Zootoca vivipara) à l'aide de protocoles expérimentaux et de suivis en milieu naturel. Mes résultats permettent de mettre en évidence des compromis et des synergies entre les patrons de comportements d’hydrorégulation et de thermorégulation selon les conditions environnementales. Ces ajustements comportementaux s'expliquent par une nécessité de limiter les pertes en eaux. Une diminution de la disponibilité hydrique dans l’environnement ainsi que la déshydratation de l’animal induisent aussi des modifications dans les stratégies de thermorégulation. Ces travaux suggèrent qu’une prise en compte conjointe des contraintes thermiques et hydriques dans l’environnement semble critique à l’étude des réponses des organismes aux changements globaux, et pourrait questionner notre compréhension des réponses individuelles à ces changementsActual climate changes drive modifications of the thermal and water landscapes where live organisms. Thermoregulation in ectotherm species mostly rely on behavioral adjustments. These adjustments buffer the negative effects of these environmental changes on the physiology and the performances of the individuals. However, too few studies focused on the costs of changes in the water environment on thermoregulation behaviors. The main objective of this thesis is to highlight behavioral patterns involved in the joint regulation of body temperature and water balance, hereafter called thermo-hydroregulation behaviors, which would be critical to understand the responses of organisms to global changes. I focused on studying space use behaviors (activity patterns, micro-habitat selection) of a temperate squamate species, the common lizard (Zootoca vivipara) through experimental set-ups in laboratory or outdoor conditions, as well as a comparative study of natural populations in the Massif Central, France. My results highlighted that behavioral regulation of the water balance can trade-off or act in synergy with thermoregulation behaviors according to environmental conditions. The observed behavioral adjustments could consist in a water conservation strategy. A decrease in water availability in the environment as well as a dehydration induced changes in thermoregulation strategies (body temperature, thermoregulation accuracy). These studies highlighted the importance of a joint consideration of the thermal and water constraints when studying the ectotherms responses to global change, and questioned our current understanding of individual and populational responses to these changes
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Cuny, Henri. "Dynamique intra-annuelle de la formation du bois de trois espèces de conifères (sapin pectiné, épicéa commun et pin sylvestre) dans les Vosges : De la description des patrons saisonniers de la croissance à l'étude de l'influence de l'environnement sur la cinétique du développement cellulaire et les caractéristiques anatomiques du xylène." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0076/document.
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La formation du bois (xylogénèse) produit une large partie de la biomasse de la planète et une ressource essentielle pour l'Homme. Les cellules du bois sont produites par division dans le cambium puis s'élargissent, forment une paroi épaisse lignifiée et meurent. Pendant l'année, ces processus sont définis par des dates, durées et vitesses qui caractérisent la dynamique intra-annuelle de la xylogénèse. Cette dynamique reste peu explorée alors que c'est un aspect clé, car c'est elle qui détermine la quantité et la qualité du bois produit et c'est sur elle que les facteurs de régulation agissent. Ce travail vise à améliorer nos connaissances sur la dynamique intra-annuelle de la xylogénèse. Pendant trois ans (2007-2009), la xylogénèse a été suivie pour 45 arbres de trois espèces de conifères (sapin pectiné, épicéa commun et pin sylvestre) dans les Vosges. Pour ça, des petits échantillons de bois ont été prélevés chaque semaine sur le tronc des arbres sélectionnés. Les échantillons ont été préparés au laboratoire, puis des sections anatomiques ont été réalisées pour observer la xylogénèse au microscope. Cette thèse a permis d'améliorer notre connaissance du fonctionnement de la xylogénèse, un système biologique d'une fascinante complexité. Nous avons caractérisé - grâce à l'innovation d'une méthode statistique performante - les aspects méconnus de la dynamique de différenciation des cellules du bois. Nous avons alors pu dévoiler les mécanismes par lesquels la dynamique de la xylogénèse donne forme à la structure du cerne, établir la dynamique intra-annuelle de l'accumulation du carbone dans le bois et évaluer les mécanismes de l'influence du climat sur la xylogénèseWood formation (xylogenesis) produces a large part of the biomass of this planet and provides a crucial resource to Mankind. Wood cells are produced by division in the cambium, after what they enlarge, build a lignified thick wall and die. During a year, these processes take place at certain dates, last for certain durations and go at certain rates. These dates, durations and rates characterize the intra-annual dynamics of xylogenesis. This dynamics remains poorly explored whereas it is a key aspect as it determines the quantity and quality of the produced wood and conveys the influence of intrinsic (gene, hormone) and extrinsic (environment) regulatory factors. This work aims to improve our knowledge on the intra-annual dynamics of xylogenesis. During three years (2007-2009), xylogenesis was monitored for 45 trees of three conifer species (silver fir, Norway spruce, and Scots pine) in northeast France. For that, small wood samples were collected weekly on tree stem. Samples were prepared at the laboratory, and anatomical sections were cut to observe xylogenesis under a light microscope. This thesis has improved our knowledge on the functioning of xylogenesis, a biological system of a fascinating complexity. We characterized - thanks to the development of an efficient statistical method - the little known aspects of wood cell differentiation dynamics. Based on this characterization, we eluded the mechanisms by which xylogenesis dynamics shapes tree ring structure, we established the intra-annual dynamics of carbon accumulation in wood and we evaluated the mechanisms of the climate influence on xylogenesis
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Belletti, Barbara. "Analyse régionale de la structure et de la dynamique biogéomorphologiques des rivières en tresses du bassin du Rhône." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO30099.
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Le paysage des rivières en tresses est constitué d’une riche mosaïque d’habitats diversifiés, déterminée par un ensemble de facteurs biophysiques qui interagissent à différentes échelles spatiales et temporelles.A partir d’une sélection de 53 tronçons en tresses, nous avons réalisé une analyse comparative à l’échelle régionale du bassin du Rhône et en fonction de plusieurs échelles temporelles, en mobilisant les techniques de télédétection.Premièrement, nous avons étudié la variabilité de la structure des habitats aquatiques et du patron des chenaux. Nous montrons que le patron de tressage et des habitats aquatiques n’est pas uniquement lié au débit, mais aussi aux conditions locales liées aux apports sédimentaires et à la présence de la nappe phréatique.Deuxièmement, nous avons abordé une approche diachronique afin de comprendre l’évolution à moyen terme du paysage fluvial de ces tronçons, depuis la moitié du siècle dernier. Les résultats montrent que toutes les tresses du bassin rhodanien ne sont pas déliquescentes et que certains tronçons sont encore très actifs. Cela dépend d’un ensemble de facteurs : la position géographique du tronçon, son évolution à court terme liée aux épisodes de crues et l’histoire des conditions anthropiques environnantes.Enfin nous avons analysé les trajectoires évolutives suivies par un sous-ensemble de 12 sites, analysés à une échelle temporelle plus fine (5 observations par site sur 50 ans). Nous observons que les tronçons suivent des trajectoires différentes, en fonction des conditions hydrologiques observables à un moment donnée (ex. crues), de la position géographique du tronçon et du contexte anthropique. De plus, certaines conditions locales (topographie et humidité relative) semblent aussi nécessaire à la compréhension du patron biogéomorphologique des tronçons étudiés.A partir de ces résultats des éléments de perspectives pour une gestion intégrée des rivières en tresses du district rhodanien sont proposésThe landscape of the braided rivers is characterised by a rich and diversified mosaic of habitats. The variability of the braided riverscape depends upon the combination of bio-physical factors, which interact at the different spatial and temporal scales.We did a comparative analysis at the regional scale of 53 braided reaches selected in the Rhône basin district. We used a remote sensing-based approach.At first, we analysed the aquatic habitat and the river channel pattern. We showed that the braiding and aquatic habitat patterns do not depend only on the flow regime but also on some local scale conditions, such us the sediment regime and the presence of the “near-floor” groundwater.Secondly, we moved on the overall riverscape corridor, and we applied a diachronic analysis comparing the present state of reaches with their state at the mid of the last century. The results show that not all studied braided reaches are narrower today compared to the 1950s and that some reaches are even wider. It is linked to a combination of several factors, such as the geographical position of a reach in its catchment and the short-term evolution ruled by recent large floods, as well as the history of the catchment linked to human settlements.Then we focused on the evolutionary trajectories followed by a sub-set of 12 braided reaches through time, and we increased the temporal resolution, for a total of five dates per reach. The results show that reaches follow different trajectories depending on: the hydrological conditions at a given period (e.g. floods), the geographical position of a reach at the regional scale and the anthropic context. Additionally, it seems that also local conditions (in terms of topography, sedimentation, and soil moisture), play an important role in determining the biogeomorphological pattern of the studied reaches.From these results, we discussed some perspectives for the braided river management in the Rhône basin district
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Ho, Tsu-Ming, and 何祖銘. "Development of Political Parties and Patron-Client Relationship in Kyrgyzstan." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/qww2y2.
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碩士淡江大學
歐洲研究所碩士班
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Kyrgyzstan, which owns the institute of democracy since 1990, is an independent nation-state. However, democracy in Kyrgyzstan is an illusion. Indeed, there still is an authoritarian government. Kyrgyzstan has experienced political reforms in 30 years, but was still influenced by the continuity of institutional legacy from soviet area. As a result, the authority remains the dictatorship after the independence. Throughout the process, “patron-client relationship” reveals the close relation involve presidents and elites, that control the party politics and election in Kyrgyzstan. And the interaction between people with unequal power, who have each purpose, in order to exchange their benefits. This way, the concept resulted in a situation that presidents, political parties, and clans all played essential roles, and further established patrons and clients in political relationship. Therefore, this research intends to analyze the origin, definition, and features of patron-client relationship, including its history and operation in politics, which led to corruption, administration’s ineffective performance and the instability in the state. This research concludes that patron-client relationship is the main obstacle of Kyrgyzstan’s democratic development.
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Shin, Wookhee. "Security, economic growth and the state dynamics of patron-client state relations in Northeast Asia /." 1992. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/32357442.html.
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Scheiner, Ethan. "Democracy without competition opposition failure in one-party dominant Japan /." 2001. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/52210987.html.
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Klein, Viviane Sophie. "Playing the part: the role of the client in Horace's Sermones and Epistles." Thesis, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/14032.
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This dissertation proposes a new interpretative approach to the theatrical material in Horace’s Sermones and Epistles. In particular, it focuses on a selection of poems in which Horace employs a wide array of dramatic devices to depict and discuss the patron-client relationship (Sermones 1.9, 2.5, 2.7 and Epistles 1.17 and 1.18). These devices include dialogue, stage directions, stock characters, expressly theatrical metaphors, and diction echoing playwrights such as Plautus and Terence. I argue that Horace intentionally activates the language of the stage in order to spotlight the theatricality involved in performing the role of a client. In so doing, the poet characterizes the client as an actor and underlines the scripted nature of the words and gestures that he directs toward his patron. In each of these poems, Horace employs a variety of negative stereotypes in order to associate the client with different kinds of performers (e.g., the parasitus, captator, servus, scurra, and planus). In the process, he confronts criticism that he himself likely received in the extrapoetic world impugning his amicitia with his own patron, Maecenas. Horace defends himself against charges of acting and sycophancy by demonstrating that an element of performance is endemic to the patron-client relationship itself.
The dissertation is organized as a series of close readings of the five poems that best illustrate Horace’s correlation between dramatic and social performance. For each poem, I identify and interpret the dramatic elements and illustrate how they complement and enhance the dramatic subtext. Chapter 1 concentrates on Sermones 1.9, in which Horace encounters a pest seeking an introduction to Maecenas. Chapter 2 deals with Sermones 2.5, the dialogue between Tiresias and Ulysses on the subject of inheritance-hunting (captatio). Chapter 3 explores Sermones 2.7, in which Horace’s slave Davus accuses him of proteanism when it comes to Maecenas. Chapter 4 presents comparanda from Horace’s Epistles 1.17 and 1.18, in which Horace utilizes the same dramatic devices to shape his advice to two prospective clients. Taken together, these analyses uncover new layers in Horace’s multifaceted depiction of the patron-client relationship, and provide additional insight into his poetic personae and poetic program.
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Zaman, Aly. "Compliance and defiance in patron-client state relationships: a case study of Pakistan’s relationship with the united states, 1947-2013." Phd thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/101232.
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By employing the theoretical construct of patron-client state
relationships, this thesis conducts a historical analysis of the
relationship between Pakistan and the United States from
Pakistan’s independence in 1947 to its first successful
transition from one elected government to another in 2013.
Specifically, the thesis places particular emphasis on two
conflicts with global implications in which the United States and
Pakistan were closely aligned with each other: the covert war
against the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan (1979-1989) and the
ongoing war in Afghanistan since 2001 against the Taliban and
al-Qaeda. Throughout these two periods, the US provided billions
of dollars in military and economic assistance to Pakistan in
exchange for services deemed essential for the attainment of
America’s vital strategic and national security objectives. On
both occasions, the client regime benefited from considerable
latitude provided by the patron to pursue domestic and foreign
policies aimed at consolidating its own hold on power and
protecting what were regarded as fundamental national interests
but not necessarily serving the avowed objectives of its patron.
The US-Pakistan case study serves to highlight a fundamental
contradiction that can characterise strategically driven
patron-client state relationships. Instead of making the client
more susceptible to the patron’s influence, increased
assistance by the patron can actually make the client less likely
to comply with the patron’s demands. This is especially true of
relationships in which the patron regards the client’s
cooperation as vitally important for the attainment of the
patron’s core security interests. Paradoxically for the patron,
the assistance that it provides to a strategically important
client can end up undermining the very reasons that led to the
provision of such assistance in the first place. Chief amongst
those reasons are ensuring the client’s compliance and
maintaining its internal stability. At the same time, as long as
the patron’s own strategic interests necessitate a degree of
client cooperation, it will find itself compelled to keep the
relationship going, thereby giving the client continued room to
deviate from the patron’s script to an extent where it can
pursue its own national interests with relative impunity,
confident in the knowledge that while its defiance might lead to
occasional tensions with the patron, its continuing strategic
importance will prevent a complete rupture and the consequent
termination of material assistance.
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Hilgers, Tina. "Clientelism in the party of the democratic revolution : continuity and change in Mexican politics /." 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:NR29329.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--York University, 2007. Graduate Programme in Political Science.Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 346-384). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:nr29329
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Schneider, Mark Allan. "Whither the Quid Pro Quo: Essays On Party Voter Linkages and Distributive Politics in India." Thesis, 2015. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8M32TH2.
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This dissertation seeks to understand the distributive strategies of local politicians in India, a context in which a robust secret ballot is in place and villagers have information on the allocation of selective state benefits due to the high information context of village politics. Specifically, it seeks answers to three questions. Can local politicians in India identity voters' partisan preferences, which is a critical assumption of theory on clientelism in comparative politics? Does a context in which citizens have a great deal of information on the beneficiaries of programs implemented by local governments and villagers and politicians are personally tied to one another pose constraints on targeting strategies relative to work on clientelism, elite capture, and citizen candidate models that predict co ethnic targeting preferences? And do voters perceive that co partisanship vis a vis sarpanch affects their access to selective state benefits and services? To address these questions, I draw on a unique original survey of village council presidents (sarpanch) and citizens across 96 village council areas (gram panchayats) in Rajasthan, India.
First, I argue that under a secret ballot, which voters overwhelmingly believe to protect the anonymity of their votes, the clientelistic logic that supports quid pro quo distributive politics does not hold. This has powerful implications for the role we should understand local leaders (who perform brokerage functions) to serve and whom we should expect sarpanch to target with antipoverty benefits implemented through the gram panchayat. I argue that if local politicians cannot identify the partisan preferences of uncertain voters, we should expect local politicians to target benefits in order to maintain their political constituencies, rather than pursuing a vote buying strategy to attract new supporters through a quid pro quo strategy. Second, I argue that the social and political context of the gram panchayat severely constrains sarpanch targeting behavior. In a context in which sarpanch and voters know each other and the latter can directly (or by rumor) observe who received visible and coveted selective benefits, and in which sarpanch and their kin are very likely to live in their village permanently, there is a powerful social cost to providing benefits to the non poor. At the same time, citizens accept that local elections have consequences, which means that some favoritism toward supporters, but not kinship or ethnic lines, is tolerated as long as the pro poor targeting norm is heeded. Finally, I check the validity of my argument on sarpanch distributive strategies by testing for the effect of co partisanship on voters' expectations of receiving selective benefits using a vignette experiment. I randomize partisan cues (Congress or BJP) based on prominent politicians identified by respondents themselves and find support for the claim that partisanship broadly affects access to state benefits.
Empirically, I draw on a unique survey of sarpanch and voters across rural Rajasthan. The survey includes two behavioral measures that cross-reference voters within sarpanch surveys. I ask sarpanch to guess sampled voters' partisan preferences and ask them to allocate tokens across these individuals to affect a lottery with a cash prize. I also embed a survey experiment within the voter survey.
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Doyon, Jerome. "Rejuvenating Communism: The Communist Youth League as a Political Promotion Channel in Post-Mao China." Thesis, 2017. https://doi.org/10.7916/D85B07TP.
Full textAbstract:
How does the Chinese Party-State renew its political elite and maintain its cohesion in the post-Mao era? This is a key question to understand the evolution of China’s political system and still the explanations one can find in the literature are far from satisfactory. Overall, the literature on transformation of the Chinese political elite focuses on the broad outcomes, the fact that since the 1980s officials tend to be younger and more educated, but it falls short in unveiling the mechanisms at play. It gives a limited answer to the elite renewal issue as it leaves politics aside. By focusing on educational levels and technical skills it forgets about the importance of political commitment.
I approach these questions through a unique account of the role played by the Chinese Communist Youth League (CYL) in terms of cadres’ recruitment and promotion since the 1980s. Using biographical data and a snowball sample of 92 interviewees I reconstructed the trajectories of CYL cadres. Beyond my focus on the central organization of the CYL in Beijing, I compared the situation of the CYL in the capital cities of two very different provinces and in four universities. Through this mixed methods approach, I could assess the evolution of the CYL as a path to power in post-Mao China. My main findings are as follows:
First, due to post-Cultural Revolution politics and the need for leaders at the time to recruit loyal young cadres, a “sponsored mobility” system was developed to renew the Party-State’s elite. College students are recruited and trained through the Party’s youth organizations. They are put then on a unique promotion path, which includes specific opportunities and trainings, and which leads them to leadership position in the Party-State. This contrasts with what happened in the Soviet case in particular. Under Khrushchev (1953-1964), the Soviet elite was renewed through the cooptation of professionals with technical skills rather than by recruiting young cadres who spent their whole career in the Party-State.
Second, through the various steps of the sponsored mobility process, the young recruits develop a specific social role as future officials and transform their social circles. As a result, they cultivate a political commitment to their career in the Party-State and to the survival of the regime. Third, the decentralized nature of the Party-State and its youth organizations make it difficult for the young recruits to establish cohesive groups which could organize against the Party-State itself.
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Hernández, Valdez Alfonso. "The political economy of the governorship : inequality and local democracy in Mexico during the 1990s /." 2002. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3070172.
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Šmída, Pavel. "Kasikismus/klientelismus ve Španělsku v letech 1874 - 1923. Sonda do historiografie." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-340211.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis analyzes caciquismo as a temporally and spatially specific type of clientelistic relations in the Restoration Spain (1874 - 1923). First, the analysis primarily focuses on Spanish historiography of caciquismo/clientelism, its development and current situation of research including contemporary reception of the problem. Second, it also deals with the discussion of contemporary manifestations of caciquismo/clientelism in relation to the issues of terminology, corruption and political clientelism in modern Spain. In both cases the researcher sonsiders other important non-Spanish theoretical works. The thesis is based on interdisciplinary approach: besides of a historical perspective, it also brings to the topic view of anthropology, political science and sociology as well. The contribution of this thesis is refuting the concept according to that the contemporary critics (regeneracionists, Generation of '98 and Generation of '14) condemn caciquismo as a wholly negative manifestation of social interaction, which is based on a psychopathological and ethno-geographical perspective destined only to the Spanish nation, the idea, which is attributed to the contemporary critics of the Restoration Spain by the historians of caciquismo. Keywords: Spain - caciquismo - clientelism - patron-client...
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Mulyadi, Mulyadi. "Welfare regime, social conflict, and clientelism in Indonesia." Phd thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/155987.
Full textAbstract:
This study analyses the character and trajectory of Indonesia's welfare regime in which government welfare provisions trigger social conflict and are used for the practice of clientelism. The study focuses on four issues: the administrative arrangements of government social protection programs; the implication of the administrative arrangements for social conflict; the threat of conflict to social capital; and political manipulation of the arrangements for clientelism. This study selects subsidised rice (Raskin) and unconditional cash transfer (BLT) programs as the cases to understand these issues. The study employs mixed methods, with a qualitative approach as the main method. Prior to qualitative data analysis, this research looks at Governance and Decentralisation Survey and Indonesia Family Life Survey using descriptive statistical analysis. After the quantitative analysis, this study examines qualitative data, which covers newspapers, television news footages, previous related studies, government documents, and primary data. The primary data were collected through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. The fieldwork data collection was conducted at national, district, and community levels. This study involved 117 key persons consisting of the former vice president, parliament members, government officers, districts mayors, non-government organisation activists, village heads, and social leaders. The analysis of the data shows that since 1998, Indonesia's welfare regime has been undergoing a transformation from a productivist welfare regime to a liberal-informal one. The transformation is shown by a growing role of the state in providing social protection for the poor and at the same time, the role of community in providing livelihood for people is still thriving. The growing role of the state was triggered under pressure by the International Monetary Fund and World Bank through establishing conditionality to provide social safety net to support structural adjustment programs. The welfare-regime transformation suffers from complicated social conflict. Both quantitative and qualitative data show that the BLT program stimulated social conflicts, protests, and destructive demonstrations. The conflict, which was a result of recurring discord triggered by the Raskin program, occurred because of poor administrative arrangements of the BLT program which led to a problematic mis-targeted distribution. The conflict eroded trust and weakened social networks threatening social capital. Besides generating social conflict, the Raskin and BLT programs also provoked clientelism, which emerge at national, district, and community levels. At the national level, the ruling party used BLT program for vote buying in the 2009 presidential elections. The party manipulated the administrative arrangement of BLT programs, eliminated widespread political refusal of the program, distributed BLT during political campaign period, and claimed it as the ruling party's benevolence to mobilise voters to obtain their votes. At district level, BLT program was used by district mayors to show their political loyalties and to bargain with political-party leaders to secure their office. At community level, village heads utilised both Raskin and BLT programs to reward people who voted for the village heads in the village-head elections and to keep their political loyalties for the next village-head elections.
Keywords: welfare-regime transformation, social conflict, social capital, clientelism, vote buying
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McNamara, Derek Michael. "The rhetoric of honour and shame in 1 Corinthians 1-6." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2757.
Full textAbstract:
The subject and scope of this dissertation is Paul’s use of honour and shame
language in 1 Cor 1–6. The methodology applied is a modified socio-rhetorical
criticism as developed by George A. Kennedy.
Two interrelated aspects of first century Corinthian culture will also be
examined in connection with Paul’s rhetoric in 1 Cor 1–6; that of the patron-client
relationship and the role of honour and shame in that relationship and in the larger
society. It will be argued that Paul’s rhetorical argument in 1 Cor 1–6 is heavily based
upon the social values of honour and shame.
This study will examine 1 Cor 1–6 in three sections. The first section to be
examined will be that of 1:1–2:5. Paul begins this section by presenting Jesus as the
super-patron who is over and above all the members of the congregation. This
presentation of Jesus rebukes the patronal based factionalism and it also elevates Paul to
the unique status as that of apostle and proclaimer Jesus.
The second section to be examined will be 1 Cor 4. In this section Paul
continues to reduce the status of the patrons as he elevates his own status. By the end of
this section Paul seeks to re-establish himself not only as the apostle and proclaimer of
Jesus, but also as the Corinthians’ father through the gospel.
The third section to be examined will be 1 Cor 5–6. In this section it will be
argued that Paul addresses three issues in connection with patronal abuse; that of the
incestuous man in 1 Cor 5, the abuse of the law courts in 6:1–10, and immoral banquets
in 6:11–20.Biblical and Ancient Studies
D.Litt. et Phil. (Biblical Studies)
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Cavanaugh, Jeffrey M. "The protection racket : patrons, clients, and the political-economy of security provision markets /." 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3290192.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2007.Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-11, Section: A, page: 4854. Adviser: Paul F. Diehl. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 363-376) Available on microfilm from Pro Quest Information and Learning.
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Musílek, Martin. "Patroni, klienti, příbuzní. Sociální svět Starého Města pražského ve 14. století." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-342253.
Full textAbstract:
The present work focuses on the analysis of two main sources: the court book with market entries (Libri judiciorum or Libri contractuum), and lists of new city residents from the years 1324-1393. The text is divided into several chapters. Besides the description and presentation of the two main types of sources, a critical examination of the basic literature is undertaken, and the methodology of social topography is introduced. An outline of spatial mobility was created, including a basic topographical image of the city and its variations, though an examination of the Old Town real estate markets (especially houses and rural estates). Attention was given to the topographic situation of the Jewish Town, which formed an important part of the medieval urban complex, with coexistence of Christians and Jews within the city. Some aspects of urban migration could be observed, though analysis of the list of new city residents. This is generally regarded not only as an indicator of economic development of the city, but also allows one to monitor the demographic crisis of urban society. Given that a lender had to vouch for each new city resident, lists of new arrivals to the ranks of city burghers also suggest connections and relationships between people. In rare cases, it is possible to link data from the judicial...
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Kaiser, Elizabeth Hendrica. "`n Sosiaal-wetenskaplike benadering tot die eerste-eeuse mediterreense persoonlikheid van Jesus soos gevind in die Johannesevangelie." Diss., 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1069.
Full textAbstract:
This study deals with the character of Jesus in the Gospel of John and follows the social-scientific approach and aims to correct the traditional views regarding the personality of Jesus. The aim is not a personality analysis but to situate Jesus as a typical person who was a part of and functioned in the first Mediterranean world.
The pivotal values of the ancient world such as honor/shame; collectivistic/dyadic personality; family and group orientation; kinship; the patronage system with the patron/broker/client relationship and the purity system are applied to reach the aim of my thesis. It is found that Jesus was a collectivistic/dyadic personality. He functioned in this family orientated as well as in a group orientated community and socially structured patronage system as a broker, totally the contrary to contemporary personality drawings of Jesus found in modern literature.In hierdie studie, wat 'n skripsie van beperkte omvang is, word nie gepoog om 'n persoonlikheidsanalise van Jesus te doen nie. Die studie wil die probleem van die toepassings en interpretasies van Jesus in populere literatuur aanspreek. Jesus word deur moderne mense en teoloe in prentjies en idees van 'n moderne mens met moderne kategoriee, denke en perspektiewe, waardes en oordele beskryf, geteken en geinterpreteer, en dit is nie 'n werklike getroue en realistiese weergawe van Jesus as historiese mens nie. Jesus word in populere literatuur as 'n individualis geteken; sy persoon en emosies word alleenlik in moderne denke en kategoriee geinterpreteer en dit word slegs op grond van moderne individuele ervaring gedoen. Hierdie interpretasies is nie tipies van die kollektiwistiese, groep-georienteerde eerste-eeuse mediterreense persoon nie. Afsydigheid en terughoudendheid (4:9, 10; 13:36-38) is kenmerkend van persone in hierdie samelewing waar warmte in verhoudings ontbreek het (2:16; 9:16)'. Emosies soos 'liefde' wat Jesus toon, is nie 'n emosionele konnotasie wat in die moderne samelewing dui op die gevoelslewe van die mens nie. In hierdie antieke samelewing het 'liefde' gedui op lojaliteit, solidariteit en groepgebondenheid en as Jesus die blinde man sy sig teruggee (9:7), herstel hy nie hier die geneesde man se plek as individu in terme van die moderne samelewing nie, maar hy herstel die sieke in sy regmatige, groep-georienteerde sosiale plek in die antieke samelewing waarin hy - weens sy siekte - as 'buitestaander' geetiketteer is en dus geen deel in die groep gehad het nie. In hierdie antieke eerste-eeuse mediterreense samelewing het ander spilpuntwaardes as in ons moderne samelewing gegeld. In hierdie kollektiwistiese en groepgebonde kultuur het persone gedeel in 'n gemeenskap met die spilpuntwaardes, norme en ingestelde sosiale reels van hierdie spesifieke kultuur en aspekte wat vormend op hulle ingewerk het. Jesus se persoon en optrede moet nagevors word in hierdie sosiale sisteem waar mag deur simbole daargestel is, en waar mense, dinge en gebeure elkeen 'n simboliese werklikheid verteenwoordig het.
New Testament
M. A. (Biblical Studies)
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Tremblay, Pierre-Olivier. "Modulation par les agonistes sérotoninergiques du patron d'expression de C-FOS induit par les drogues neuroleptiques /." 1998. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=734154351&sid=41&Fmt=2&clientId=9268&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Cardenas, Abraham. "Utilisation de patrons géométriques comme support à la généralisation automatique à la volée /." 2004. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=885672331&sid=6&Fmt=2&clientId=9268&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Robillard, Julie. "Genre et pouvoir : relation entre danseurs nus et clientèle féminine et masculine." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/7096.
Full textAbstract:
L’objectif de ce mémoire est de comprendre l’influence du genre sur le rapport de force entre les danseurs nus et leur clientèle féminine et masculine. Depuis les années 1960, les bars de danseuses nues abondent à Montréal. De nombreuses recherches ont été menées à ce sujet, mais très peu concernent directement leurs homologues masculins, les bars de danseurs nus pour hommes et pour femmes. Notre mémoire analyse la relation de pouvoir entre les danseurs nus et leur clientèle féminine et masculine au 281 et au Stock bar. S’appuyant sur la littérature des bars de danseuSEs nuEs, nous étudions les quatre dimensions de la relation de pouvoir : l’influence des lieux sur les interactions, la liaison physique et sexuelle, l’échange marchand ainsi que le lien émotif.
Pour répondre à notre question de recherche, nous avons effectué plusieurs séances d’observation non-dévoilée au 281 et au Stock bar. Afin d’analyser les données que nous avons recueillies, nous utilisons les théories de Judith Butler et la sociologie goffmanienne. Le concept de phallus de Butler nous permet de repérer qui domine en « ayant » le phallus et qui est dominé en « étant » le phallus. Nous concluons que les femmes sont, à quelques exceptions près, toujours celles qui « sont » le phallus pour les hommes danseurs et animateurs qui le « possèdent ». La structuration des soirées, établie selon le modèle hétérosexuel binaire prépondérant, rend très difficile pour elles de s’en emparer. En ce qui concerne le rapport entre les hommes danseurs et clients dans un contexte homosexuel, ce sont les danseurs qui « sont » le phallus pour les hommes clients qui l’« ont ». Leur relation est très similaire à celle que nous pouvons observer dans les bars de danseuses nues entre ces dernières et leur clientèle masculine. « Être » le phallus signifie que les danseuSEs nuEs ont le pouvoir de reconnaître ou non le phallus à l’homme client afin qu’il puisse (ou non) matérialiser son pouvoir masculin en subvenant à leurs besoins et en étant désirable à leurs yeux. Dans tous les cas, les danseurs nus font un travail émotionnel différent selon le genre des clientEs, rehaussant le statut social des hommes et diminuant celui des femmes.Since the 1960s, there has been a glut of female strippers’ clubs in Montreal. Numerous researches have been written on the subject, but only few of them are about their masculine counterparts, male strippers’ clubs for men and women. Our thesis questions the power relation between male nude dancers and their female and male patrons at 281 and Stock bar. Using male and female strippers’ clubs literature, we study the four dimensions of their power relation: the physical and organizational space’s influence, the physical and sexual connection, the monetary exchange and the emotional link. Our objective is to understand the gender influence on this power relation between male strippers and their female and male patrons. To answer our research question, we have made several under cover observation sessions at 281 and Stock bar. In order to analyse our data, we use Judith Butler’s theories and goffmanian sociology. Butler’s phallus concept enables us to see who is dominating by “having” the phallus and who is dominated by “being” the phallus. We conclude that women are always, with a few exceptions, the ones “being” the phallus for the male strippers and masters of ceremony who “have” it. The Ladies’ night’s structure, set according to the predominant heterosexual binary model, makes it very difficult for them to seize it. As regards of male strippers’ and patrons’ connection in a homosexual context, strippers “are” the phallus for the patrons that “have” it. Their relationship is very similar to the one observed in female strippers’ clubs. “Being” the phallus means that female and male dancers have the power to acknowledge or ignore the male patron’s phallus possession, which will enable or undermine his masculine power to provide economically for their material needs and to be desirable in their eyes. In all cases, male strippers enact a different emotional labor according to patrons’ gender, by enhancing men’s social status and decreasing women’s.