To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Patron and client.
Journal articles on the topic 'Patron and client'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Patron and client.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Putra, Redho Rama, Asrinaldi Asrinaldi, and Afrizal Afrizal. "“Anak Nagari” dan Kekuasaan: Relasi Kekuasaan Informal Dalam Konflik Penguasaan Sumber Ekonomi Di Kecamatan Pauh." SALAM: Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya Syar-i 9, no. 4 (June 25, 2022): 1235–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/sjsbs.v9i4.26421.
Full textAbstract:
This study discusses the emergence of client protection groups and power relations in the "Anak Nagari" community layer on the control of economic resources in Pauh District. Existing economic resources. In this study, the researcher describes two groups of client patrons. This study aims to explain the meetings of client groups that are formed and informal power relations carried out by groups for economic purposes. This study uses a qualitative approach with ethnographic methods. With research results. First, in the patron-client relationship there are two patterns of interaction that are formed between the patron and the client where the patron has symbolic power and economic offers given to clients, so that the client responds with trust and defense so that a pattern of interaction between patron and client is formed in the group.Keywords: Patron-Client; Power; Economic Resources Abstract Penelitian ini membahas tentang kemunculan kelompok patron klien dan relasi kekuasaan dalam lapisan masayarakat “Anak Nagari” terhadap penguasaan sumber ekonomi yang ada di Kecamatan Pauh. Sumber ekonomi yang ada, Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti menjelaskan tentang dua kelompok patron klien. Peneltian ini bertujuan untuk menjelasakan tentang identifikasi kelompok patron klien yang terbentuk dan relasi-relasi kekuasaan informal yang dibangun oleh kelompok untuk kepentingan ekonomi, penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode etnografi. Dengan hasil penelitian. Pertama, dalam terbentuknya hubungan patron klien ada dua pola interaksi yang terbentuk antara patron dan klien dimana patron memiliki kekuasaan secara simbolis dan tawaran ekonomi yang diberikan kepada para klien, sehingga klien membalasnya dengan kepercayaan dan pembelaan sehingga terbentuklah pola interaksi antara patron dan klien dalam kelompok.Kata Kunci: Patron-Klien; Kekuasaan; Sumber Ekonomi
2
Widyarini, Dyah Ayu. "Brokerage dalam Politik Lokal: Karakteristik Patron-Klien Wilayah Abangan pada Pilkada Kabupaten Blitar Tahun 2020." Jurnal Mengkaji Indonesia 1, no. 2 (December 20, 2022): 109–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.59066/jmi.v1i2.133.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract: This article analyzes the patterns of relations held by brokers in areas that have an abangan culture. The broker in this study is botoh who acts as an intermediary between candidates and prospective voters in the 2020 Blitar Regency Pilkada (Regional Elections). The theory used is the contemporary patron-client theory proposed by James C. Scott, which aims to explore the patron-client characteristics possessed by botoh in Blitar Regency. Purpose: This study aims to understand the characteristics of patron-client relationship patterns found in the abangan region of Blitar Regency. In the Pilkada held in 2020, there is a relationship formed between candidate pairs, botoh, and clients. The relationship was formed because of the opportunities for benefits obtained by each party. Design/Methodology/Approach Descriptive qualitative research methods and in-depth interviews for information gathering can explain the patron-client characteristics of botoh. Findings: This study shows that botoh in abangan areas have seven characteristics, those are (1) short-term relationship span with candidates but long-term relationship span with their subordinates, (2) profit-based relationship pattern with both candidates and subordinates, (3) specialized influence on patrons and clients who have interests, (4) has a modern managed resource base, (5) minimal control over local resources, (6) botoh and his men are one of the community groups in Blitar Regency, (7) botoh has a dense relationship with patrons and clients who have similar characteristics. Originality/Value: This research focuses on understanding the characteristics of patron-client relationship patterns found in the abangan region of Blitar Regency.
3
Sukratman, I. Made, and Komang Juni Saptiani. "Pola Hubungan Patron-Klien Peternak Ayam Potong Broiler di Desa Puasana Kecamatan Amonggedo Kabupaten Konawe." Jurnal Ilmiah Dikdaya 12, no. 2 (September 28, 2022): 527. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/dikdaya.v12i2.351.
Full textAbstract:
This study aims to determine the pettern of the patron-client relationship of broiler breeders in Puasana Village, amonggedo District, Konawe Regency and the income of broiler breeders based on the pattern of patron-client relationship in Puasana Village, amonggedo District, Konawe Regency. This research was carried out in the village of fasting, amonggedo district, konawe, the population in this study were 10 clients and 3 patrons, data consists of primary data and secondary data, analyzed qualitatively. The reluts showed that the pattern of patron-client relationship among broiler chicken breeders in the fasting village, amonggedo sub-district, konawe district is an economic relationship that can affect the level of income or the economy of the community,especially in broiler farming or other businesses because economic relations are needed in running a business relationship reciprocity which is a reciprocal exchange between individuals or between groups that mutually benefit each other and accept even though it is not balanced and each party, the ridge of loyalty which is an act of retribution or giving between the client for what has been received so far from the patron, so that patron can feel satisfaction from the client personal relationship which is an international kornitinen relationship between individuals that cannot be replaced and which is influenced by a rule the average income of a farmer in one production cycle is Rp.47.774.966,-.
4
Ramidha M, Ramidha, Ahmadin Ahmadin, and Jumadi Jumadi. "Hubungan Patron Klien pada Masyarakat Tani Marayoka di Jeneponto 1970-2018." Jurnal Pattingalloang 6, no. 3 (December 9, 2019): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/pattingalloang.v6i3.12052.
Full textAbstract:
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kehidupan masyarakat tani sebelum adanya sistem pengupahan antara patron dan klien kemudian terjadi pengupahan hingga pergeseran atau peningkatan ekonomi seorang patron ataupun klien, dampak dari hubungan patron-klien bagi kehidupan masyarakat tani pada bidang sosial-budaya dan ekonomi di Marayoka (1970-2018). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa sebelum adanya sistem pengupahan antara patron dan klien di Desa Marayoka, pertanian masih bersifat subsisten, dimana masyarakat hanya bekerja seadanya untuk memenuhi kehidupan sehari-hari dan mereka masih sangat tunduk dan patuh kepada patron tanpa mendapatkan upah (sukarela), adanya sistem pengupahan masyarakat sudah mulai mencari kehidupan sendiri, kehidupan masyarakat tani di Desa Marayoka mulai mengalami peningkatan terutama dari segi ekonominya. Selain itu juga memberi dampak terhadap sistem mata pencaharian masyarakat setempat. Komoditi utama yang diusahakan jagung kuning, dan tanaman palawijaya, Namun belakangan ini usaha menjadi menurun. Bahkan sebagaian petani ada yang mengeluh karena kebun jagung dan padi produksinya menurun dan pendapatan rendah. Dari penelitian ini dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa sebelum adanya sistem pengupahan masyarakat marayoka masih terjaling erat kerjasama misalkan pengerjaan lahan milik yang secara bergilirang tanpa terimah upah kemudian membangun hubungan patron-client dengan buruh tani melalui penggunaan buruh langganan dan buruh tetap agar tidak terjadi kecurangan. Kata Kunci: Patron, Upah, Marayoka Abstract This study aims to determine the life of the farmer community before the wage system exists between patrons and clients and the occurrence of wages to shift or increase the economy of a patron or client, the impact of the patron-client relationship for the life of the farming community in the socio-cultural and economic fields in Marayoka (1970 -2018). The results of this study indicate that before the wage system exists between patrons and clients in Marayoka Village, agriculture is still subsistence, where people only work poorly to fulfill their daily lives and they are still very submissive and obedient to patrons without getting paid (voluntary), the community wage system has begun to look for its own life, the life of the farming community in Marayoka Village has begun to increase, especially in terms of its economy. It also has an impact on the local people's livelihood systems. From this study, it can be concluded that before the marayoka community wage system was still closely intertwined with the cooperation, for example, the work of land owned by the recipient without wages then built a patron-client relationship with farm laborers through the use of subscribed and permanent laborers to avoid fraud. Keywords: Patron, Wage, Marayoka
5
Yarhi-Milo, Keren, Alexander Lanoszka, and Zack Cooper. "To Arm or to Ally? The Patron's Dilemma and the Strategic Logic of Arms Transfers and Alliances." International Security 41, no. 2 (October 2016): 90–139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/isec_a_00250.
Full textAbstract:
How do great powers decide whether to provide arms to or form alliances with client states? This “patron's dilemma” revolves around a decision about how to best provide security to clients without becoming entrapped in unwanted conflicts. Strong commitments worsen the risk of entrapment, whereas weak commitments intensify fears of abandonment. This traditional alliance dilemma can be addressed through the provision of arms and alliances. Great power patrons primarily make such decisions on the basis of two factors: first, the extent to which the patron believes it and its client have common security interests; and second, whether the patron believes that its client has sufficient military capabilities to deter its main adversary without the patron's assistance. Patrons assess the degree of shared threat and the local balances of capabilities in determining whether to support their clients with arms, alliances, or both. As demonstrated in the U.S. provision of security goods to Taiwan and Israel during the Cold War, this strategic logic explains how great powers manage the patron's dilemma.
6
Dunn, Michael Collins. "Patron-Client Relations." Journal of Palestine Studies 18, no. 2 (January 1, 1989): 136–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2537643.
Full text
7
Endik Hidayat, Daniel Susilo, Aufa Izzuddin Baihaqi, and Rosyidatuzzahro Anisyukurlillah. "Application of the Spiral of Silence Theory in Rural Mojokerto Indonesia: Opininion Contestation in Duck Village and Social Isolation in Leprosy Villagge." Jurnal Multidisiplin Madani 3, no. 6 (June 30, 2023): 1351–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.55927/mudima.v3i6.3451.
Full textAbstract:
The background of this study is the hegemony of opinion in the Modopuro duck village and the social isolation of the Sumberglagah leprosy village. This study uses the spiral of silence as the main theory and supports patron-client relationships in rural communities theory. This study took two locations: the Sumberglagah leprosy village in Tangjungkenongo village and the duck village in Modopuro village. This study used a qualitative method focusing on two villages in Mojokerto Regency. This study found the application of the spiral of silence theory applies if public opinion or issues concern villagers' daily lives. Environmental pollution issues in Modopuro and the stigma of the Tanjungkenogo leprosy village are included in the close case category because they are related to the daily life and experiences of the villagers. Another finding is the emergence of patron-client relationships. The position of patrons from business circles with clients in Moduporo villagers is quite strong. Meanwhile, Tanjungkenongo village, which acts as a patron, is a public official for the clients of the villagers, especially the Sumberglagah leprosy village
8
Guevara, Jonathan. "A Peasant’s Satire of the Politics of Debt (Luke 16:1–8a)." Biblical Theology Bulletin: Journal of Bible and Culture 54, no. 1 (February 2024): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01461079241230135.
Full textAbstract:
This article reads the parable of the unjust steward (Luke 16:1–8a) using a social-scientific method, particularly the anthropology of agrarian patron-client relations. Here I delineate a model of the erosion of patron-client bonds, based on the work of James C. Scott and others, and the emergence of horizontal solidarity and mutual aid (“balanced reciprocity”). I relate this model to the peasant’s burden of debt, particularly in Jesus’ world. As commercialization develops in an agrarian society patron-client bonds begin to erode, and peasants begin to understand these bonds as relations of exploitation. Consequently, subversive ideology develops, evident in peasant folktales directed against the wealthy and powerful. Accordingly, I argue that the parable of the unjust steward is a satire aimed at landlord-patrons who perpetuate the burden of debt.
9
Ahmad Choirul Furqon and Nurul Nurhandjati. "Nyai and Politics: The Role of Nyai Muhimmah in the Winning of the Candidate Pair Abdul Hafidz - Bayu Andrianto in the 2015 Rembang Regency Election." Jurnal Multidisiplin Madani 3, no. 7 (July 30, 2023): 1576–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.55927/mudima.v3i7.4928.
Full textAbstract:
This research discusses the role of the pesantren elite in winning the Abdul Hafidz - Bayu Andrianto candidate pair in the 2015 Rembang District Election. Islamic boarding schools specifically have not been carried out by many researchers. This is because most studies on Islamic boarding schools so far have focused on the kiai as the strongest figure who dominates various cultural, social, economic and political capitals of pesantren. The theory used to look at the practice of the 2015 Rembang local elections where Nyai Muhimmah was staged was James C. Scott's patron-client. He explained that the patron-client relationship can be seen through the pattern of relations that exist between the elite as patrons and the community as clients. By using a qualitative method, namely data collection through in-depth interviews and literature studies, the authors found that Nyai as a female pesantren leader was able to increase the electability of the couple Abdul Hafidz - Bayu Andrianto with absolute victory in all sub-districts even though she ran as a candidate from an independent path. Through her network, namely Islamic boarding schools, organizations and individuals, she succeeded in winning the pair Abdul Hafidz - Bayu Andrianto. Based on this, James Scott's theory has proven to be applicable and relevant to analyzing the patron-client relationship between Nyai and the people in Rembang Regency in the 2015 district election
10
Sinaga, Herman, Septri Widiono, and Irnad. "POLA HUBUNGAN PATRON- KLIEN PADA KOMUNITAS NELAYAN DI KELURAHAN MALABRO KECAMATAN TELUK SEGARA KOTA BENGKULU." Jurnal AGRISEP 3, no. 2 (September 13, 2015): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/jagrisep.14.2.167-176.
Full textAbstract:
This research aimed to describe the characteristic of fishing activities in Malabro Municipal, Teluk Segara District, Bengkulu city and to describe the pattern of patron- client relationship between wholesaler, vessel owner and fishermen. This researh conducted using qualitative method. Data collected using obsevation, interview, and documantes information related to this research. Thi result shows that fishermen are using three fishing tools, such as gillnets, payang and trammel nets. These fishing tools will be influence many things like type of vessel, amount of fishermen, and production sharing system. In patron-client relations between wholesaler and boat owner. Wholesaler has a role as patron and the boat owner has a role as client. Patron-client relation is mutual benefit. While, relation between wholesaler or vessel owner and fishermen hasn’t shown patron- client relationship but only shown relation of fishing activities. Keywords: Fishing gears, Patron-Client
11
Veenendaal, Wouter. "How Smallness Fosters Clientelism: A Case Study of Malta." Political Studies 67, no. 4 (March 25, 2019): 1034–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032321719828275.
Full textAbstract:
While it has long been assumed that smaller communities are more prone to particularistic politics, the relationship between state size and clientelism remains strongly undertheorized. Departing from the assumption that face-to-face contacts, overlapping role relations, stronger monitoring mechanisms, and the enhanced power of single votes contribute to the emergence of patron–client linkages, this article provides an in-depth case study of clientelism in Malta, the smallest member state of the European Union. The analysis reveals not only that patron–client linkages are a ubiquitous feature of political life in Malta, but also that the smallness of Malta strongly affects the functioning of clientelism by eliminating the need for brokers and enhancing the power of clients versus patrons. In addition, clientelism is found to be related to several other characteristics of Maltese politics, among which the sharp polarization between parties, extremely high turnout rates, profound executive dominance, and the incidence of corruption scandals.
12
Kim, Jeehye, and Jiyoung Ko. "To condone, condemn, or ‘no comment’? Explaining a patron’s reaction to a client’s unilateral provocations." Journal of Peace Research 57, no. 3 (October 14, 2019): 452–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343319875202.
Full textAbstract:
What explains a patron’s decision to publicly condone, condemn, or forgo commenting on its client’s unilateral provocations? We present a new theoretical framework that identifies a patron’s two strategic considerations – maximizing its sphere of influence and avoiding entanglement – and factors that affect them. We claim that whenever a patron faces a great power rivalry or a vulnerable client, it is more likely to condone its client’s provocations in order to safeguard its sphere of influence. On the other hand, when the risk of escalation looms large, the patron is more likely to condemn its client’s provocations in order to avoid entanglement. Focusing on the Sino-North Korean patron–client relationship, we test our theory on an original dataset that tracks China’s official reactions to provocations initiated by North Korea. We find that China tends to condone North Korea’s provocations when the USA criticizes them, and refrains from condemning when North Korea is domestically fragile. We also find that China is more likely to condemn its client’s provocations in the period after North Korea became a nuclear state. In addition, we draw on examples from the USA–Pakistan and the USA–Israel patron–client relationships to illustrate our causal logic. This article offers new insights on how a patron manages its client’s unruly behavior, and provides the first large-N evidence on China’s responses to North Korean provocations from 1981 to 2016.
13
Arifin, Ansar. "The patron-client relation in fishermen community." International Journal of Academic Research 6, no. 3 (May 30, 2014): 176–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2014/6-3/b.26.
Full text
14
Yuda, Garuda Parampara. "Patron-Client in Changing Livelihood from Rubber Plant to Palm." Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science 2, no. 12 (September 26, 2023): 4170–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.55324/ijoms.v2i12.652.
Full textAbstract:
Rubber gardening for people in several regions of West Kalimantan is the main livelihood. One of them is in Sei Kembayau Village. For generations, rubber gardening has been the livelihood of the villagers. Rubber plants have actually been passed down from generation to generation. The patron-client concept that currently exists is the basic foundation in survival and has been attached to rubber plantations in the community. This paper aims to see the patron-client pattern from the change in livelihood of rubber plants to oil palm plants. This study used ethnographic research methods. Take a holistic approach and describe it in depth or detail to obtain a genuine person's point of view. Tauke patron-clients and subordinates are still well established as an economic concept of the Sei Kembayau Village community, even though there is already a KUD present in the community as support for the palm oil economy. So that subordinates will still get social security from every Tauke as their patron.
15
Shih, Victor, and Jonghyuk Lee. "Locking in fair weather friends: Assessing the fate of Chinese communist elite when their patrons fall from power." Party Politics 26, no. 5 (September 30, 2018): 628–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354068818801143.
Full textAbstract:
A growing literature shows robust evidence that patronage by high-level politicians greatly enhanced officials’ chance of promotion in the largest one-party dictatorship in the world, China. There have been few works on whether patrons’ exits, even when they were retirements, had an impact on followers’ career prospects. This question concerns the core theoretical issue of whether factional ties are self-reinforcing mechanisms. That is, patron–client relationships were only useful for patrons if they knew that clients would suffer if they fell from power. This mechanism creates strong incentives for clients to engage in political struggle on behalf of their patrons, regardless of the patrons’ monitoring capacity. We control for a range of unobserved heterogeneity and show that patrons’ exits from the political elite had a significantly negative impact on clients’ chance of promotion and also diminished their chance of retaining their incumbent positions.
16
Samudera, Raya Surya, and Rahesli Humsona. "HUBUNGAN PATRON KLIEN DALAM KOMUNITAS NELAYAN (Studi Kasus di Pelabuhan Perikanan Pantai Sadeng Kabupaten Gunung Kidul)." Journal of Development and Social Change 1, no. 2 (October 29, 2018): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/jodasc.v1i2.23052.
Full textAbstract:
<p>Abstract : The research about the relationship between client patron employer boat owners as patron and fishermen as a client. The purpose of this study is to describe the relationship between the client employer patron boat owners with the fishermen, starting from recruitment process work and contract work of fishermen, the system of wages, health coverage, and hours of work that applies in his work . This study uses social exchange theory of g. Homans and patron client theory of James Scott. The methods used in this research is qualitative method with approach case studies. Informants in this study consists of employer's boat owners, fishermen, and the head of the harbour fishing port Sadeng beach. For sampling using a purposive sampling technique. The location of this research is the fishing port Sadeng Beach Regency of Gunung Kidul. Engineering data collection done way interview, observation, and study the documentation. Data analaisis techniques used are interactive models, Miles and Huberman that started from the collection of data, data presentation, data reduction and withdrawal of the conclusion. For the validity of data using triangulation of sources. The results showed that the social exchange that took place between the employer ship owners who have capital, capture tool, and the ship, with fishermen who had the ability to catch fish is mutually satisfy the needs of both parties. This relationship is elementary, where economic transactions in this working relationship going on exchanges between the capital services. The employer gives ship owners the assurance of basic subtensi in the form of employment, the guarantee of economic crisis in the form of a loan of money, health coverage by taking all treatment of fishermen, ship care protection with the routine, and Realtor and influence in the document management of the ship. While the fishermen provided services basic job as a fisherman, and became a member of loyal patrons.<br />Keywords : Patrons, clients, fisherman</p><p>Abstrak: Penelitian tentang hubungan antara pemilik patron pemilik kapal patron klien sebagai patron dan nelayan sebagai klien. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan hubungan antara pemilik kapal patron klien majikan dengan nelayan, mulai dari proses rekrutmen kerja dan kontrak kerja nelayan, sistem upah, cakupan kesehatan, dan jam kerja yang berlaku dalam pekerjaannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori pertukaran sosial g. Homans dan teori klien pelindung James Scott. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Informan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari pemilik kapal pengusaha, nelayan, dan kepala pelabuhan nelayan pelabuhan pantai Sadeng. Untuk pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Lokasi penelitian ini adalah pelabuhan perikanan Pantai Sadeng Kabupaten Gunung Kidul. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara wawancara, observasi, dan studi dokumentasi. Teknik analaisis data yang digunakan adalah model interaktif, Miles dan Huberman yang dimulai dari pengumpulan data, penyajian data, reduksi data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Untuk keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi sumber. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertukaran sosial yang terjadi antara pemilik kapal majikan yang memiliki modal, alat tangkap, dan kapal, dengan nelayan yang memiliki kemampuan menangkap ikan saling memenuhi kebutuhan kedua belah pihak. Hubungan ini adalah dasar, di mana transaksi ekonomi dalam hubungan kerja ini terjadi pada pertukaran antara layanan modal. Pemberi kerja memberi pemilik kapal jaminan substitusi dasar dalam bentuk pekerjaan, jaminan krisis ekonomi dalam bentuk pinjaman uang, jaminan kesehatan dengan mengambil semua perawatan nelayan, perlindungan perawatan kapal dengan rutin, dan Realtor dan pengaruh dalam manajemen dokumen kapal. Sedangkan nelayan menyediakan jasa pekerjaan dasar sebagai nelayan, dan menjadi anggota patron yang loyal.</p><p>Kata kunci: Pembina, klien, nelayan</p>
17
Firdous, Rabbia, Asma Maryam, and Malik Asad Khan Kasi. "Experiential Religiosity between Pir (Patron) and Murid (Client): Access of Patron-Client Relationship to Public Organization." Contemporary Issues in Social Sciences and Management Practices 4, no. 4 (December 31, 2023): 101–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.61503/cissmp.v2i4.86.
Full textAbstract:
This research delves into the symbiotic relationship between experiential religiosity and patron-client dynamics, focusing on how Murids' access to public organizations is shaped by these interactions. The study, centered in Golra Sharif, Islamabad, employs qualitative methods, utilizing face-to-face interviews with 20 respondents (17 Murids, 3 Pirs). Pirs play a pivotal role in guiding Murids on their religiosity journey, fostering physical, social, and psychological connections. In reciprocation, Murids hold Pirs in high esteem as spiritual guides, endowing them with authority and power. The patron-client relationship, viewed as a parent-like bond, proves unchallenging for followers of Pir Sahib. Findings underscore the strategic deployment of experiential religiosity and patron-client relations for mutual benefit. Shared values, ethics, religious beliefs, and social practices fortify their connection. Interestingly, a patriarchal nature is evident within the shrine system, particularly affecting female respondents, yet this dynamic is absent within the house of Pir Sahib. The research reveals that the patron-client relationship extends beyond the spiritual realm, providing tangible benefits. Murids gain access to public spheres through their connection with Pirs, while Pirs enhance their social reputation and management capabilities within the Golra Sharif system
18
Kim, Tongfi, Keren Yarhi-Milo, Alexander Lanoszka, and Zack Cooper. "Arms, Alliances, and Patron-Client Relationships." International Security 42, no. 3 (January 2018): 183–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/isec_c_00307.
Full text
19
Barkey, Karen. "In Different Times: Scheduling and Social Control in the Ottoman Empire, 1550 to 1650." Comparative Studies in Society and History 38, no. 3 (July 1996): 460–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417500020028.
Full textAbstract:
Reading Ivo Andric's colorful short story, “The Vezir's Elephant,” suggests a weakness in state rule consistent with a Eurocentric image of Ottoman backwardness. In the story, just as Bosnian peasants familiarized themselves with the habits of one Turkish official, he would be removed, transferred to another province and replaced by a new official with new whims and wishes. Throughout the sixteenth and a large part of the seventeenth centuries, a more or less firmly established rotation system was part of the Ottoman state mode of social control. Patrons and clients, and patrons among themselves remained foreign and unfamiliar. The resulting level of uncertainty in the provinces disrupted patron-client ties.
20
Orekhovsky, P. "Right to contestation, patron-client networks, and corruption." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 11 (November 20, 2012): 101–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2012-11-101-117.
Full textAbstract:
In the paper the nature of Russian corruption is considered along the lines proposed by D. North, J. Wallis, and B. Weingast. The author considers patron-client networks as basic political and economic actors of the limited access order. The redistributive rent allocated within patron-client networks is not a corruption phenomenon. The main factor that is able to destroy patron-client networks and autonomous centers of power is the right to contestation (liberalization) according to R. Dahl. Realization of that right together with the right to participate in political life enables transition to the open access society.
21
Shore, Cris. "States of dependency or patron-client relations?" HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory 6, no. 1 (June 2016): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.14318/hau6.1.008.
Full text
22
Ganguly, Shivaji. "Patron-Client Politics and Business in Bangladesh." India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs 50, no. 1-2 (January 1994): 145–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097492849405000111.
Full text
23
Carney, Christopher P. "International patron-client relationships: A conceptual framework." Studies In Comparative International Development 24, no. 2 (June 1989): 42–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02687171.
Full text
24
Anggraini, Rizkya Yunita, Muhammad Iqbal Fasa, and Suharto Suharto. "Customer Satisfaction, Customer Loyalty, and Market Orientation Through Service Quality: a case study of Islamic Banking in Indonesia." Jurnal Ekonomi dan Perbankan Syariah 10, no. 2 (October 29, 2022): 195–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.46899/jeps.v10i2.372.
Full textAbstract:
This study aims to examine: 1) the impact of marketplace orientation on client pleasure. 2) The impact of the carrier is great on patron pride. 3) the effect of marketplace orientation on customer loyalty. 4) the impact of provider satisfaction on patron loyalty. 5) the effect of consumer satisfaction on patron loyalty. 6) the effect of marketplace orientation on consumer loyalty via customer pleasure. 7) service great towards purchaser loyalty via client satisfaction. The sample of this examination is a hundred and seventy respondents; records series use on-line-survey. The evaluation approach used is Structural Equation Modeling with AMOS. The result is: 1) market orientation has a tremendous and sizable impact on purchaser satisfaction. 2) service best has a superb giant impact on client pleasure. 3) marketplace orientation has a trifling impact on customer loyalty. 4) carrier pleasantness has a tremendous-tremendous effect on consumer loyalty. 5) Customer delight has a superb-large effect on client loyalty. 6) marketplace orientation has an effective and extensive effect on consumer loyalty via purchaser satisfaction. 7) service satisfaction affects loyalty via patron pleasure. improve market orientation so that patron loyalty is stated through consumer satisfaction. further, enhance marketplace orientation through customer satisfaction to offer improved constancy to customers.
25
Soleman, Mochdar, and Kamaruddin Salim. "Hubungan Patron-Klien Dalam Rekrutmen Calon Anggota Legislatif Partai Gerindra Kota Tidore Kepulauan Tahun 2014." Populis : Jurnal Sosial dan Humaniora 7, no. 2 (December 21, 2022): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.47313/pjsh.v7i2.1973.
Full textAbstract:
<p><em>The existence of political parties in Indonesia has an important role in the democratic system. Political parties have several functions and one of them is political recruitment, namely a selection of candidates for legislative members to produce a quality leader. This study discusses the recruitment strategy by the Gerindra Party in conducting the regeneration of members of the Gerindra Party in Tidore Islands City. This study uses James Scott's Patron-Client Theory and Michael Rush and Philip Althoff's Political Recruitment Theory. The data in this study were obtained through interviews with party leaders and literature studies. This study describes that the Gerindra Party Branch Board of Tidore Islands City conducts political recruitment with a patron-client pattern. Where, patrons are associated with former activists, retirees and businessmen who have an organized mass, influence and economic capital. And clients, namely community groups who have social and cultural closeness will follow the political choices of their patrons. This study shows that the strategy model for recruiting legislative candidate figures from activists, retirees and entrepreneurs is still a popular strategy, but ignores the process of strengthening the resources of the party cadres themselves. This, of course, led to a crisis of regeneration within the party's internal</em><em>.</em></p><p>Keberadaan partai politik di Indonesia memunyai peran penting dalam sistem demokrasi. Partai politik mempunyai beberapa fungsi dan salah satunya ialah rekrutmen politik, yaitu seleksi calon anggota legislatif untuk mencetak seorang pemimpin berkualitas. Penelitian ini membahas tentang strategi rekrutmen oleh Partai Gerindra dalam melakukan kaderisasi anggota Partai Gerindra di Kota Tidore Kepulauan. Penelitian ini menggunakan Teori Patron-Klien James Scott dan Teori Rekrutmen Politik Michael Rush dan Philip Althoff. Data dalam penelitian ini diperoleh melalui wawancara ketua partai dan studi kepustakaan. Penelitian ini menguraikan bahwa Dewan Pimpinan Cabang Partai Gerindra Kota Tidore Kepulauan melakukan rekrutmen politik dengan pola patron-klien. Di mana, patron diasosiasikan dengan mantan aktivis, pensiunan dan pengusaha yang mempunyai massa teroganisir, pengaruh serta modal ekonomi. Dan klien yakni kelompok masyarakat yang mempuyai kedekatan secara sosial dan kultural akan mengikuti pilihan politik patronnya. Dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan model strategi rekrutmen figur calon anggota legislatif dari kalangan aktivis, pensiunan dan pengusaha masih menjadi strategi yang popular, namun mengabaikan proses penguatan sumber daya dari kader partai sendiri. Hal ini, tentunya menimbulkan krisis kaderisasi dalam internal partai.</p>
26
Kerkvliet, Benedict J. Tria. "Toward a More Comprehensive Analysis of Philippine Politics: Beyond the Patron-Client, Factional Framework." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 26, no. 2 (September 1995): 401–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463400007153.
Full textAbstract:
Thirty years ago, a theory of Philippine politics emerged that until now remains the most influential among academics and is widely adopted by journalists, diplomats and other observers of the Philippines. Its argument, in brief, is that Philippine politics revolves around interpersonal relationships — especially familial and patron-client ones — and factions composed of personal alliances. I refer to this as the patron-client, factional framework pcf, for short). It deserves to be influential; after all, patron-client and other personal relations are indeed significant in Philippine political life. These are also important features in many other countries; hence, the pcf framework developed for Philippine studies has contributed as well to comparative political studies.
27
Abdussamad, Juriko. "Eksistensi Patron Klien dalam Pencapaian SDGs Desa Bulango Raya Kecamatan Tomilito Kabupaten Gorontalo Utara." Jurnal Sibermas (Sinergi Pemberdayaan Masyarakat) 11, no. 3 (June 18, 2022): 673–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.37905/sibermas.v11i3.12247.
Full textAbstract:
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were declared on September 25, 2015 at the United Nations Headquarters in New York by 193 countries as a commitment to the Global Development Agenda. The sustainable development goals are a continuation and refinement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) which have been implemented during the 2000-2015 period. The SDGs are an improvement from the previous Global Development Agenda, because development commitments do not only focus on human development, but also environmentally friendly economic development and environmental development. The SDGs place humans as central actors and connoisseurs of development outcomes aimed at human well-being. Whether development will produce the well-being that humans want depends on the behavior of humans themselves towards nature and its use for the purpose of welfare today and for future generations (Patron-Client relationship). Patron-client relationship is the exchange of relations between the two roles which can be expressed as a special case of bond involving instrumental friendship in which an individual with a higher socio-economic status (patron) uses his influence and resources to ...Departing from this problem, the solution that will be offered in this community service is that together with the community will carry out KKNT Village Development services in the form of giving the role of traditional leaders, religious leaders and community leaders (Client Patrons) in achieving SDGs in Bulango Raya Village, Tomilito District. North Gorontalo Regency.
28
MacGillivray, Erlend D. "Romans 16:2, προσττις/προσττης, and the Application of Reciprocal Relationships to New Testament Texts." Novum Testamentum 53, no. 2 (2011): 183–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853610x521098.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis article re-examines the meaning of the title προσττις given to Phoebe in Rom 16:2—commonly understood in contemporary scholarship as presenting Phoebe as Paul’s patron. This position is challenged with reference to recent studies which argue for broadening our understanding of ancient reciprocity beyond the definitions of a patron—client relationship, and also by re-evaluating the semantic range of προσττις/προσττης. It argues that we should see Phoebe and Paul’s relationship as working within a general reciprocity dynamic of benefaction, rather than within the specific relationship of the patron-client relationship.
29
Mutawalli, Muhammad, Zainal Amin Ayub, and Hemen Philip Faga. "Revitalizing Political Parties in Indonesia: Dissecting Patronage-Clientelism Dynamics vis-à-vis Political Representation." Jurnal Mengkaji Indonesia 2, no. 2 (November 6, 2023): 301–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.59066/jmi.v2i2.467.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract: This paper discusses and describes the patron-client phenomenon within political parties. One of the reasons why patron-client relations persist in political parties is that the interests of the political elite are veiled and do not prioritize the dynamic aspects of democratization of political parties as a forum for people's representation. The method used in this study is a normative juridical research method using a statutory and conceptual approach and presented in a formal way qualitative descriptive prescriptive. Data was collected using the interview method, the researcher interacted with informants who were flexible and open to obtain the data needed in this paper. The theory used in this paper is the general patron-client theory, which has developed and is influenced by the political culture within the internal political parties. The results of this study indicate that the patron-client relationship between political parties and cadres is good in the aspects of party elites and candidates legislature. Regional head candidates that occur give rise to a reciprocal relationship which has implications for the non-occurrence of democratization schemes and principles within political parties as a forum for people's representation that will fill public positions. The patron-client phenomenon includes, among other things, personal gifts, interests that are family interest or morphological and have the nuances of money interest. Purpose: To find out the forms of patron-client practices within political parties and society that give rise to reciprocal relationships that impact political polarization of representation that does not work well and is far from the principle of political party cadres as a representation of the people's will. as well as finding ideal concepts related to patterns of relations between parties, both relations between cadres, political parties and society in general. Design/Methodology/Approach: Normative juridical using the statute and conceptual approaches. Findings: The patron-client phenomenon can be caused by a lack of awareness and political education, as well as inconsistency and inadequate performance within political parties, both at the institutional level and among members of the legislature and executive. Originality/Value: Examining patronage-clientalism within the context of political parties has received limited scholarly attention. The topic of voting behaviour during general elections often revolves around patronage-clientelism. However, this study specifically examines the phenomenon of patronage-clientelism within political parties and its implications for political corruption.
30
Oberauer, Norbert. ""Fantastic Charities": The Transformation of Waqf Practice in Colonial Zanzibar." Islamic Law and Society 15, no. 3 (2008): 315–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156851908x366156.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe present study examines the impact of British colonial rule on waqf practice in Zanzibar. I argue that colonial policy towards waqf did not aim at the dismantlement of waqf as such. Nonetheless, it disrupted traditional patterns of waqf practice. Traditionally, waqf was controlled by wealthy patron families who used endowments to foster bonds of dependence and loyalty with manifold clientele and to maintain mosques representing the patron's social status. This practice was antithetical to British political and economic ideas, which were modern and capitalist. British officials insisted that patrons must use their wealth as a business resource and that the maintenance of mosques was a responsibility of the state. Accordingly, the British controlled waqf administration classified endowments as either "family waqf" or "mosque waqf". The first was fully exploited in favour of the founder's family, while the latter was turned into revenue for public mosque upkeep. As a result, waqf ceased to be an economic base for patron-client relationships and clients were transformed into a modern working class entirely dependent on wage labour.
31
Maifianti, Khori Suci, Dedy Darmansyah, and Ikhwanul Muslimin. "PATRON-CLIENT SOCIAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PALM OIL FARMERS AND TAUKE IN KREUNG ITAM VILLAGE TADU RAYA DISTRICT NAGAN RAYA DISTRICT." Journal of Agri Socio-Economics and Business 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/jaseb.3.1.33-42.
Full textAbstract:
Krueng Itam village is one of the villages where the majority of the residents work as palm oil farmers and depend on palm oil plantations. In marketing to sell FFB (Fresh Fruit Bunch) palm oil farmers still rely on collector traders (agents) which in this case is referred to by the term "Tauke Sawit" (toke sawit). In the beginning, the relationship between palm oil farmers and the Tauke was limited to economic relations, such as the sale and purchase relationship between sellers and buyers. But in its development, the relationship turns into a relationship of dependence and interest that leads to a patron-client relationship. This study used a descriptive qualitative method with data collection techniques through observation and interview process that is expected to be able to provide an overview of the social relationship between tauke and farmers. Based on the results of the study, the relationship between tauke and palm oil farmers is a patron- client relationship where palm oil tauke as the patron and palm oil farmers as clients. Palm oil farmers need tauke to accomodate the harvest of palm oil FFB and tauke needs palm oil FFB from farmers to be sold to Palm oil mills. In this cooperative relationship, farmers will usually borrow money for capital needs and others to the tauke, this makes the farmers' dependence on the tauke become greater so that each of them will maintain the relationship by respecting the existing norms so that the relationship has been established will not be broken easily. The relationship of patron-clients is more visible in the relationship between tauke and small farmers, this is because there is a clear difference in socio-economic status between the two, so that the tauke as a patron play a big role.
32
Wank, David L. "The Institutional Process of Market Clientelism: Guanxi and Private Business in a South China City." China Quarterly 147 (September 1996): 820–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030574100005181x.
Full textAbstract:
Patron—client ties are pervasive in the post-Mao economy between entrepreneurs operating private firms and cadres staffing the state's administrative, distributive and production organs. The burgeoning literature on private business is converging on a view of them as localized exchanges of commercial wealth for bureaucratic power. These deviations from central policies and standard procedures enable entrepreneurs to manage their dependence on local authorities while giving officials new sources of income that buttress their power within jurisdictions. However, less attention has been paid to the ties themselves. This article shifts the focus from patron–client ties as localized exchange to examine their operation in private business and function in marketization. The starting assumption is that patron–client exchange is also a type of market transaction: although expressed in popularly legitimated sentiments of social trust, goods and services are voluntarily exchanged.
33
J.D-Davidson, Vee. "The Effect of Cultural Patron-Client Relationship Perspectives on Asian Christian Spirituality in Relation to Spiritual Growth and Missions Outreach." Asia Journal Theology 37, no. 2 (October 31, 2023): 234–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.54424/ajt.v37i2.74.
Full textAbstract:
Facets of worldview belief and resulting cultural practice provide the norms for maintaining the expected behavioral norms and lifestyle rhythms of peoples within their own communities. The outworking of the concept of the patron- client relationship provides a vehicle for establishing mutually beneficial relationships within such communities. However, this concept might easily be inappropriately associated with the relationship that is established with God through the atoning death of Jesus on the cross. Under such circumstances of misappropriation of the patron-client relationship, the dynamics of salvation are likely to become undermined, along with implications that might limit personal and corporate spiritual growth. The resulting potential for syncretism will inevitably also affect Christian outreach and missions. Principles are provided to maintain biblical literacy in relation to patron-client perspectives in order to aid spiritual growth and provide coherence for the message of missions.
34
Rodman, David. "Patron‐client dynamics: Mapping the American‐Israeli relationship." Israel Affairs 4, no. 2 (December 1997): 26–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13537129708719466.
Full text
35
Plakoudas, Spyridon. "The forgotten front: patron–client relationships in counterinsurgency." International Affairs 94, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 197–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ia/iix257.
Full text
36
Fair, C. Christine. "The forgotten front: Patron-client relationships in counterinsurgency." Journal of Strategic Studies 43, no. 2 (October 10, 2019): 331–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01402390.2019.1675933.
Full text
37
Warner, Carolyn M. "Democracy, the Rational Patron, and the Rational Client." International Studies Review 10, no. 1 (March 2008): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2486.2008.00765.x.
Full text
38
Sekeris, Petros G. "Endogenous elites: power structure and patron-client relationships." Economics of Governance 12, no. 3 (December 30, 2010): 237–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10101-010-0093-8.
Full text
39
Krom, Mikhail. "Patronage and Clientele in the Muscovite State in the 16th and 17th Centuries: Historiography and the Key Issues." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 4 (August 2021): 66–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2021.4.6.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. The paper deals with the phenomenon of patron-client relations in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Russia, which until recently has been almost completely neglected by the scholars. Relying on recent publications and his own findings, the author addresses the key issues of the topic including the origins of this phenomenon in Russia, the typology of patron-client relations and their specifics in Muscovy. Methods and materials. The paper combines a survey of the current historiography with examination of selected primary sources (mainly private letters from archival collections) and forays into the theory of patron-client relations elaborated by social scientists. Comparing the Muscovite patronage system to its counterparts in other European countries enables some hypotheses about the peculiarities of patron-client relations in pre-Petrine Russia. Analysis. Addressing the problem of the origins of the Russian patronage the author traces the evolution of social relations and the appearance of the specific language of patronage which leads him to a conclusion that the phenomenon in question might have emerged by the end of the 16th century. Proceeding then to the typology of patron-client relations, the author assumes that, although only aristocratic patronage has been thoroughly studied so far, similar phenomena can be detected in other milieus as well, including the Church, where nepotism and corporate clientelism flourished. Finally, the author isolates some specific features of the Muscovite patronage, especially its depoliticized and decentralized character, as contrasted to the analogous phenomena in Poland-Lithuania, England, and France. Results. Summing up the present-day knowledge of the Muscovite patronage, the author highlights it as a typically early modern phenomenon that evolved within the official state institutions and functioned as an addendum to them.
40
Massenga, Talitha Wenifrida. "Patron-clients in rice production process." International research journal of management, IT and social sciences 9, no. 5 (September 9, 2022): 749–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/irjmis.v9n5.2180.
Full textAbstract:
The presence of rice milling entrepreneurs in the lowland rice production process has a strong influence so that rice farmers depend on entrepreneurs and it is difficult to get out of the patron-client relationship that has been built by the two. Entrepreneurs are present as "saviors" of the farmers in the context of socio-economic problems where farmers lack capital in the process of producing lowland rice and to meet urgent daily needs. The purpose of this study is to describe the patron-client relationship that occurs in the production process of lowland rice farming using descriptive qualitative research methods. As a research strategy, a case study was used on rice milling entrepreneurs and lowland rice farmers in Mopuya Utara II Village, Dumoga Utara District, Bolaang Mongondow Regency, North Sulawesi Province. The results of this study indicated that the dependence of farmers on rice mill entrepreneurs was built through a long friendship process and a sense of reluctance in which the entrepreneurs were considered "saviors" because they provided social security to farmers even though in reality entrepreneurs got bigger profits.
41
Anom Kumbara, AA Ngurah, and AA Sagung Kartika Dewi. "The Dynamic of Shiva-Sisya (Patron Client) Relationships Within Hindu’s Practice in Denpasar City." Udayana Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (UJoSSH) 1, no. 1 (February 27, 2017): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ujossh.2017.v01.i01.p09.
Full textAbstract:
Modernization and globalization have spread the ideology of capitalism and materialistic rationalism throughout the world. It has created transformation not only in the socio-cultural and economic aspects, but also in religion practice. One of the Hindu’s practice phenomenon that prevails nowadays in Denpasar is a certain dynastic lawsuit against shiva-sisya relationship (patron-client), which became a tradition in Hindu’s practice in Bali.The purpose of this study is to understand and explain the background of the shifting in shiva-sisya (patron client) relationship and the implications of this shift within Hindu’s practice or religiosity in Denpasar city. To answer the purpose of this study cultural studies approach was used with qualitative analysis. Techniques for collecting data were through in-depth interviews, observations and analysis of the related documents. This study used theories: Patron-Client by James Scott, Structuration by Giddens and Modernization/social change of Marx. Based on the analysis of the collected data, this study has found that the underlying shift in the relationship of shiva-sisya (patron-client) within Hindu’s practice in Denpasar city was the appearance of the religious power decentralization, the strengthening of the market ideology within Hindu’s practice and structured social relations. The implications of that shift, which happen to be the religion privacy and the emergence of Hindu’s internal friction in religious practice in Denpasar city.
42
Iskandar, Iskandar, and Kamrin Kamrin. "Posisi Broker Dalam Ikatan Patronase Sebagai Wujud Kelas Menengah Komunitas Petani di Pedesaan Sulawesi Selatan." Jurnal Sosiologi Kontemporer 2, no. 2 (December 30, 2022): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.56326/jsk.v2i2.2161.
Full textAbstract:
Terbentuknya ikatan vertikal dan horizontal tidak terlepas dari akses para penghubung yang berperan sebagai broker di kedua jaringan patronase di pedesaan Sulawesi Selatan. Perbedaan posisi patron dan posisi broker terbedakan oleh distribusi sumber daya (patron penyedia sumber daya dan broker sebagai penyalurnya), sedangkan posisi broker dengan klien terbedakan oleh nilai konsumsi sumber daya (broker menyalurkan sumber daya yang bukan miliknya dan klien menerima sumber daya tersebut). Dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan metode studi kasus ditemukan bahwa keberadaan broker sebagai salah seorang patron di ikatan vertikal ini dapat dikaitkan dengan fenomena pasang surutnya tiga masalah ketimpangan sosial di tiga wilayah (kemiskinan, pengangguran, dan konflik), di balik ketiga kasus tersebut. Sedangkan peran broker sebagai perantara dengan patronhanya meladeni kelompok atas masyarakatnya yang minoritas dan berkecukupan dalam hidup, di sisi lain kebrokerannya tidak menyentuh golongan bawah yang jumlahnya mendominasi penduduk, serta sangat membutuhkan uluran penanganan di sektor pekerjaan dan pendidikan. The formation of vertical and horizontal ties is inseparable from the access of intermediaries who act as brokers in both patronage networks in rural South Sulawesi. The difference between the position of the patron and the position of the broker is distinguished by the distribution of resources (the patron provides resources and the broker as the distributor), while the position of the broker and the client is distinguished by the consumption value of the resource (the broker distributes resources that are not his and the client receives these resources). Using a qualitative approach and case study method, it was found that the existence of a broker as a patron in this vertical tie can be associated with the phenomenon of the ups and downs of three problems of social inequality in three areas (poverty, unemployment, and conflict), behind the three cases. While the role of brokers as intermediaries with patrons only serves the upper class of society who are in the minority and are well-off in life, on the other hand the brokerage does not touch the lower class whose numbers dominate the population, and really need help handling in the employment and education sectors.
43
Budiyanti, Syamsu, Hotman M. Siahaan, and Kris Nugroho. "Social communication relation of Madurese people in Max Weber rationality perspective." Jurnal Studi Komunikasi (Indonesian Journal of Communications Studies) 4, no. 2 (July 1, 2020): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.25139/jsk.v4i2.2447.
Full textAbstract:
Obedience has become an ethnic identity for Madurese, expressed in the communicative expression ‘Bhuppa’-Bhâbbu’-Ghuru-Rato.’ Thus, the meaning of hierarchical obedience has been structured firmly into daily communication routines and behaviour as a form of self-development. The pattern of patron-client communication is a strong stimulant in the tradition of obedience that forms hegemonic power through patron-client-dominating authority. Interestingly, in Madurese society, such a relationship can actually be classified as exploitative-mutualistic. The study of rationality perspective on the meaning of communication and obedience relations shows that not all Madurese actions follow rational rules in Weber’s perspective. Indeed, there has been a reconstruction of the meaning of obedience in Madurese so that the rationality of needs becomes a justification for irrational actions and the relatively long-standing patron-client communication bond in Madurese culture. The phenomenological approach was considered most suitable for this research because it could reveal the natural meaning of Madurese specific obedience behaviour through explanation of phenomena and causes.
44
Akhtar, Sheraz, and Elizabeth Rata. "Refugee Education under International NGOs: A Major Shift from National Institutions to Patron–Client Relations." Social Sciences 11, no. 11 (October 25, 2022): 494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci11110494.
Full textAbstract:
What happens when a group of structurally powerless refugees exist within a nation-state’s territory but outside its regulatory institutions? An empirical study of the education of Pakistani Christian refugees in Bangkok, Thailand, identifies an entrenched gap between the education provided by INGOs and Pakistani Christian refugee expectations of the academic education of their children. We generalise from the specific problem of the entrenched educational discrepancy to a deeper structural inequality by using a ‘realist conceptual methodology’ characterised by the type of co-dependency found in the historical form of patron–client relations. The patron–client relationship is the outcome of being placed outside a nation-state’s institutions and the co-dependence that the relationship itself creates between the INGO providers and the refugees. We suggest that patron–client theory is a useful conceptual tool with which to explain the sociopolitical position of groups today who find themselves placed outside a modern nation-state’s institutions.
45
Setiawan, Tomi. "The Emerging of Patron-Client Relationship in Contemporary Peasant Social Movement Articulation." European Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences 1, no. 4 (July 1, 2024): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.59324/ejahss.2024.1(4).03.
Full textAbstract:
This paper is a literature review in the study of contemporary peasant social movements. Peasant social movements, especially in Indonesia, are always interesting because of the complex problems that have yet to be resolved. This paper uses a qualitative method with an Integrated Literature Review (ILR) approach. The search for article data was carried out using the Google Scholar database using the keywords: "peasant social movements", "articulation", and "patron-client relationships". Furthermore, articles were sorted based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Articles that have been obtained are then extracted. The study results show that in articulating their interests, peasants often do so by using a combination of internal organizational networks known as resource mobilization theory and external activism better known as political opportunity theory cluster. Articulating their interests through subsequent social movement actors gives rise to patron-client relationships between them. In conclusion, we argue that the emergence of patron-client relationships has an impact on the articulation of interests through social movement actors.
46
Nawas, John. "A Client’s Client: The Process of Islamization in Early and Classical Islam." Journal of Abbasid Studies 1, no. 2 (October 1, 2014): 143–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22142371-12340009.
Full textAbstract:
At some moment in time, the patronate system that had been introduced as a way to incorporate non-Arab Muslims into Arab society, allowed the client of a patron to have clients of his own. Using this phenomenon of mawālī of mawālī as focal point, this article pinpoints when changes in the patronate system occurred and sketches the process of islamization of society during the first four centuries of Islam.
47
Tóth, Gábor Mihály. "Friendship, Uncertainty, and “Commonplacing” in Renaissance Florence." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 52, no. 1 (2021): 27–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh_a_01662.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In fifteenth-century Florence, friendship—or the client–patron relationship, as contemporaries termed it—was often associated with uncertainties and risks. An investigation of diaries, notebooks, and letter correspondences of the time, from the perspective of game theory and decision theory, reveals how Florentines reasoned about the uncertainties of friendship, deploying an array of knowledge-constructing practices, under the rubric of “commonplacing,” to understand it. The preventive techniques that Florentines applied to cope with the conflicting testimonies of the contemporary information culture (the increase in the variety and the availability of vernacular texts, the expansion of literacy, etc.) only served to intensify their predicament. The fact that clients and patrons largely viewed their relationship in the same way challenges the traditional notion of that relationship as asymmetrical.
48
Kholifah R, Emy. "Patron-Clientelism Business Culture, Social Safeguards (the Bitters) of the Covid Pandemic 19 Study on Female Micro Entrepreneurs." International Social Sciences and Humanities 1, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.32528/issh.v1i1.42.
Full textAbstract:
This study aims to describe how micro businesses survive in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study was conducted using qualitative research methods, relying on secondary data. The results of this study show that the micro-businesses that are mostly engaged in by women have their own vulnerabilities during the Covid 19 pandemic. Micro businesses that are involved in women have experienced many shocks in terms of marketing and business capital. Micro enterprises, in general, are not familiar with virtual technology to overcome direct marketing, have a hard time surviving. Failure in marketing is the reason for the difficulty of working capital for the next production process. So, the only way is to ask patrons for help to extend the maturity of the fund debt or ask for new debt for business capital. It's used to be done. But during a pandemic, extending the maturity of new debt or debt is a way out so that the business can still survive. Patrons (pengambe ') lend new debt in a condition where the old debt has not been paid off, because it is based on a close personal relationship. In a society with a patronage culture, the owners of this capital are the patrons and the micro-small entrepreneurs are the clients. This business relationship is an important social capital and means social security. During the Covid 19 pandemic, this relationship became functional for the client. Even though, in normal times before the COVID-19 pandemic, the patron-client system working relationship was more profitable for the patron. In the case of fishing communities, landlords profit from monopolizing the purchase of fish. Meanwhile, fishermen have business capital continuity. This relationship is close and unique. In normal times, patronage relationships can form the basis of analysis of exploitative relationships. However, during the emergency of the Covid 19 pandemic, this relationship is useful as a way out. However, the exit was "bitter" and always would be a dangerous spider web trap. It might be better than dying immediatelys.
49
Ruud, Arild Engelsen. "The mohol: The hidden power structure of Bangladesh local politics." Contributions to Indian Sociology 54, no. 2 (June 2020): 173–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0069966720914055.
Full textAbstract:
It is a common view that power in Bangladesh is exercised through patron–client forms of exchange. These patron–client relationships are held together by moral proximity and intimacy and are diffused and multidimensional. Most recently, Basu et al. (2018, Politics and Governance in Bangladesh: Uncertain Landscapes, 1–16. London: Routledge) argue for the persuasive presence of patron–client relationships and its role as the informal, ‘real’ structure as opposed to the formal state structure. The portrait, however, leaves us with the image of a vast undifferentiated web where the only node is the one at the centre. This article seeks to temper this portrait by arguing that at a certain point the web is no longer undifferentiated. It has locally real, tangible nodes of substantial power—often referred to as mohol (quarter) in Bangla. These nodes of power are often albeit not invariably centred on the local MP. The existence of these nodes indicates a decentralised power structure, wherein power is located in numerable nodes across the country rather than centralised in Dhaka.
50
Müller, Markus-Michael. "‘Public’ Security and Patron–Client Exchanges in Latin America." Government and Opposition 48, no. 4 (April 3, 2013): 548–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/gov.2013.2.
Full textAbstract:
Notwithstanding the democratization processes that have taken place since the 1980s, clientelism continues to be an important political practice throughout contemporary Latin America. By offering an analysis of the changing patterns of patron–client exchanges in Mexico City, this article demonstrates how the repercussions of the local democratization process expanded clientelist practices to the realm of public security provision. This expansion, it is argued, is related to efforts of the local government to regain previous levels of political control over the local police forces that had been undermined by the fragmentation of long-standing national patron–client structures under authoritarian rule. Additionally, it is demonstrated that in an increasingly insecure urban environment, local politicians and brokers realized the political gains to be derived from expanding clientelist exchanges to the realm of security provision.