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Liu, Zhen. "An investigation into computerised pattern grading and 3-dimensional pattern representation for garments." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273545.
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Strachan, N. J. C. "Automatic fish species grading using image processing and pattern recognition techniques." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1990. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU546342.
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Size and species grading of fish (eg on board a fishing vessel) might in future be done entirely automatically using image analysis and pattern recognition techniques. Three methods of discriminating between pictures of seven different species of fish have been compared: using invariant moments, optimisation of the mismatch, and shape descriptors. A novel method of obtaining the moments of a polygon is described. It was found that the shape descriptors gave the best results with a sorting reliability of 90&'37. Different methods of producing symmetry lines from the shape of fish have been studied in order to describe fish bending and deformations. The simple thinning algorithm was found to work best to provide a reference axis. This axis was then used as a basis for constructing a deformation independent position reference system. Using this reference system position specific colour measurements of fish could be taken. For this to be done the video digitising system was firstly calibrated in the CIELUV colour space using the Macbeth colour chart. Colour and shape measurements were then made on 18 species of demersal and 5 species of pelagic fish. The simple shape measurements of length/width and front area/back area ratios were used to do some introductory separation of the fish. Then the variables produced by the shape descriptors and colour measurements were analysed by discriminant analysis. It was found that all of the demersal fish were sorted correctly (sorting reliability of 100&'37) and all of the pelagic fish were sorted correctly except one (sorting reliability of 98&'37). A prototype machine is now being constructed based on the methods described in this work.
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Murphey, Ina Crouch. "The influence of pattern grading on bodice fit and style sense." Diss., This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-170650/.
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Bergroth, Michaela. "Gradering av trosor : En studie om hur två graderingssätt påverkar olika trosmodellers passform." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-14796.
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Denna studie undersöker hur trosmodellerna ”Slip”, ”Hipster” och ”Hotpant” påverkas av två olika graderingssätt. Det första alternativet är baserat på skillnadsintervaller som ett svenskt företag idag använder sig av. Medan andra alternativet är ett förslag från leverantören då dom anser att detta förslag skall vara bättre för modellerna. Skillnaderna mellan graderingarna är att sidhöjden minskas/ökas med 1.5 centimeter istället för 1 centimeter mellan storlekarna. Samt att ett mått för bakvidd införs på samtliga modeller där skillnadsintervallen är -/+ 1.5 centimeter mellan varje storlek. För att få fram ett resultat har alla modeller konstruerats i ”Lectras” programvara ”Modaris” där konstruktionerna har utgått ifrån företagets plaggmåttlista. Samtliga modeller har graderats med hjälp av plaggmåttlistan. Därefter har justeringar gjorts för gradering två. Graderingarna har analyserats genom jämförelse i ”Lectras” programvara ”Kaledo Style”. Samt att trosorna syddes upp i storlek ”Extra Large” i de båda graderingssätten och provades på provdocka och provmodell. Med detta som grund analyserades båda graderingarna för att nå fram till resultatet. Vilket resulterade i att ”Slip” inte gick att producera i gradering två och för de övriga två modellerna skulle en kombination av dessa två graderingar vara lämpligast då det fanns både negativ och positivt om de båda graderingarna för varje modell.This study examines how three different pantie models Slip, Hipster and Hotpant affects of two types of grading. The first option is based on a grading that a Swedish company uses on these three models. The second option is based on a suggestion from the supplier. The differences is that side height is increased/decreased with 1.5 centimeters instead of 1 and a measure for back width is added and graded with -/+ 1.5 centimeters. The method that is used is construction of all models where made in Lectras Modaris. The construction is based on the garment measurement list from the company. All the models where graded in sizes Extra Small to Extra Large. The grading’s where analyzed in Lectras Kaledo Style. Then the panties where sewn in size Extra Large and tested on dummy and model The conclusion is that the slip could not be produced in the second option. While the best grading of the two other models would be best to combine the first and second option to reach the ultimate fit.
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Edberg, Jennie. "Kappor inom damkonfektion : från grund till modell." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Textilhögskolan, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-16837.
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Bakgrunden till rapporten var att det företag som medverkat i studien ville utveckla ett grundmönster för damkappor. Syftet med arbetet blev därför att utarbeta ett grundmönster med två ärmtyper som graderas mellan storlek 32-50, samt konstruera en kappmodell från samma grund. Utöver detta skulle även detaljkonstruktioner och specifikationer utformas. Frågeställningarna som styrde arbetet kretsade därför kring hur man på bästa sätt tar fram detta.All konstruktion utfördes i Lectra´s Modaris. För att ta fram grundmönstret jämfördes två arbetssätt för att sedan välja en av de grunder som konstruerats. Efter detta gjordes nödvändiga ändringar utifrån avprovningar. Kappmodellen utarbetades genom kompletterande detaljkonstruktioner utifrån grundmönstret. Även de fristående detaljkonstruktionerna utformades på samma sätt. Specifikationerna togs fram i företagets PDM-system Quest PDM.Passformen hos grundmönstret blev god, ett mindre balansfel kan dock finnas kvar. Kappmodellen som syddes upp av produktionskontoret i Litauen motsvarade kraven. Ståkragen bland detaljkonstruktionerna kunde förbättrats, annars uppfyller även dessa konstruktioner kraven.Specifikationerna från Quest PDM visade krav och instruktioner tydligt. Dock var det problematiskt att använda flera olika ritprogram inom systemet.The background for this report was that the company cooperating with me wanted to develop a basic pattern for women´s coats. The purpose of this study was to construct a basic pattern with two types of sleeves to be graded in the sizes 32-50 and use the basic pattern to create a women´s coat. Beside this, coat details and product specifications should be produced.Lectra´s CAD-program Modaris is used for pattern construction. To create the basic pattern two different construction methods was used, and one of them chosen for further developing. The coat was developed from the basic pattern through additional constructions. The separate detail construktions was created be the same method. The companys PDM system Quest PDM was used to form the product specifications.The fit of the basic pattern was good, a minor balance fault might still remain. The coat sewn by the companys production office in Lithuenia met the requirements. The standing straight collar could be further improved, the other detail constructions lived up to the standars.The product specifications from Quest PDM showed the instructions and demands clearly. Unfortunately there was a problem using different illustration software within the system.Program: Designteknikerutbildningen
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Luca, Matthieu. "Quality Timber Strength Grading : A prediction of strength using scanned surface grain data and FE-analyses." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för teknik, TEK, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-14037.
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Martinsson, Carolina. "Gradering av stora damstorlekar : Liv med avprovningsstorlek 50." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-21955.
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Denna studie undersöker hur olika graderingssätt jämförs mot företagets graderade grundliv. Undersökningen görs på uppdrag från ett svenskt modeföretag. Tidigare hade företaget en avdelning för sig med de största storlekarna, vilket togs bort för att istället slå ihop hela graderingsintervallen av storlekar till ett. Företaget har jobbat med att hitta de rätta intervallerna kring de största storlekarna och tyckte därför det vore intressant att jämföra sin gradering mot andra graderingssätt med deras grundliv som utgångspunkt. Metoder som har använts i denna studie har varit gradering, jämförelse av mönster och 3D simulering i Lectras programvaror Modaris, 3D prototyping och KaledoStyle. Uppsydda prover har även provats av på docka, person och avatar i storlek 50 samt analyserats och utvärderats efter ett avprovningsprotokoll. Studiens resultat visar att graderingen från företagets grund är jämförbar med det andra graderingssättet i övervägande koordinater. Det som skiljer dem markant åt är axelns längdgradering i de största storlekarna. Där har företaget valt att stanna av sin gradering, vilket de andra graderingssätten inte gör. De andra graderingssätten följer den data som finns tillgänglig kring kroppsmått och axelns ökning i de olika storlekarna.This study examine how a grading system are compared to the company’s graded base pattern. The study is an assignment on a Swedish fashion company. The company used to have a section for plus-sizes in their clothing line, but decided to remove it. Instead, they merge the whole grading system into one. They have tried to find the right intervals of grading in the biggest sizes, which makes it interesting to compare their grading to other grading systems. The methods used in this study are grading, comparison of patterns and 3D prototyping in Lectra Softweares Modaris, 3D prototyping and KaledoStyle. Sewn samples have been fitted in size 50 and analyzed by a test protocol. The result of the study shows that the grading system from the company is comparable with the other grading system. The most distinct part that separates the grading systems is the shoulder length in the bigger sizes. The company has chosen to stop their grading, which the other grading system does not. The other grading system follows dada where body measurements are established.
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Zetterberg, Anna. "Form, funktion & frihet : utveckling av längdskidåkningsjackor med fokus på mönsterkonstruktion." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Textilhögskolan, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-16817.
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Bakgrunden till denna rapport är att det sportvarumärke jag samarbetat med ville utveckla en modell av längdskidåkningsjacka som fanns i deras sortiment. Undersökningen gällde att identifiera förbättringspunkter på en dam- och herrvariant av denna jacka. Avsikten var att bevara plaggens design och genom förändringar i mönstrens konstruktion förbättra passform och rörelsefrihet, och därigenom plaggets funktion. Genom att konstruera, sy toiler och prova av dessa på provmodeller, har rörelsefrihet och passform kunnat utvärderas. Resultatet visade att viktiga punkter var raglanärmens konstruktion, böjningen av ärmen, kragens form, ärmhålsdjup och placering av skärlinjer. Det blev också tydligt att kombinationen av designerns och konstruktörens kunskaper tidigt i processen är a och o för ett lyckat resultat. En tydlig kommunikation mellan dessa parter kan minska antalet provplagg under produktutvecklingen.Ämnen som också behandlats under arbetet är gradering, produktspecificering och deras betydelse för plagg och produktion. I undersökningen har jag även tittat på möjligheter till ytterligare utveckling av jackornas funktion om designen kan förändras, till exempel genom att flytta skärningar och på så vis ändra modellens utseende.This study was made due to a sports brand wanting me to develop a style of cross country ski jacket that are currently part of their collection. The study contained identifying areas of possible improvement in both a men and women´s jacket. The mission was to keep the design of the jacket and on the same time improve the fit and ease of movement in the garment (and thereby the function). Through analysis of style samples, pattern construction, sewing of proto samples and fittings on models, the fit and ease of movement has been evaluated. The results are that important garment elements are the neck width, scye depth, construction of the raglan sleeve, the pre-bent sleeve and the placement of cut lines. A conclusion is that to reach a functional and nice looking garment, the designer and the pattern constructor need to cooperate in the product development phase. Good communication between these two departments can reduce the number of proto samples that has to be made.Pattern grading, product specifications and their impact on the style and production process are subjects that are also presented and discussed in this report. During the project I have also studied the possibilities of further development through style design changes.Program: Designteknikerutbildningen
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Swapp, David. "Estimation of visual textural gradient using Gabor functions." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320238.
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Carnaúba, Fernando Amaral. "Teachers\' grading patterns and student learning: evidence from São Paulo state public schools." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12138/tde-22022016-104726/.
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We propose a new method for measuring teacher grading standards that is based on the Item Response Theory framework, and investigate the relationship between teacher grading standards and student learning in São Paulo State public schools in light of this new approach. We simulate a policy in which student achievement in a standardized examination (Saresp) is used as the passing grade criterion, setting a unique grading standard for each grade and subject that would substitute the current teacher-defined grading. We estimate the optimal standards that maximize student achievement under this policy, and compare them with the standards estimated for each individual teacher. Our estimates indicate that teachers currently apply standards that are, on average, more lenient than the optimal policy standardsNeste trabalho propomos um novo método para a medição do padrão de avaliação dos professores, fundamentado na Teoria de Resposta ao Item. Investigamos, com base no novo método, a relação entre o padrão de avaliação do professor e o aprendizado do aluno. Nós simulamos os potenciais resultados de uma política de aprovação de alunos baseada exclusivamente em um teste padronizado (Saresp), que implicaria em um padrão de avaliação único para cada série e disciplina, em substituição à política atual em que os professores são responsáveis pela definição sobre a aprovação de seus alunos. Estimamos os padrões de avaliação ótimos sob esta política, do ponto de vista da maximização do aprendizado dos alunos, e comparamos estes valores com os padrões de avaliação estimados para cada professor. Nossas estimativas indicam que os professores utilizam atualmente padrões de avaliação que são, em média, mais lenientes do que o padrão de avaliação ótimo estimado para a nova política
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Sautter, Rubens Andreas. "Gradient Pattern Analysis: New methodological and computational features with applications." Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), 2018. http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m21c/2018/05.07.12.09.
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Neste trabalho é apresentado a Análise de Padrões Gradientes (no inglês GPA), um formalismo que descreve operadores para a análise de matrizes, por meio da simetria. Com o objetivo de analisar bases de dados extensas, neste trabalho é proposto o refinamento da versão mais popular do GPA, a respeito da medida e da complexidade computacional. Neste estudo é apresentado todos os momentos gradiente, e testado o primeiro e segundo momento gradiente (respectivamente G1 e G2). A fim de testar o refinamento das técnicas G1 e G2 é apresentado os casos de estudos: (i) um estudo de caso dinâmicos em Grade de Mapas Acoplados (no inglês CML) e (ii) um estudo de caso estático em Morfologia de galáxias. Em relação aplicação (i), duas transições de estado do sistema são apresentados: quebra de simetria e sincronização. Em relação a aplicação (ii), foi desenvolvido um pipeline de análise não paramétrica de galáxias conhecido como CyMorph. O pipeline apresentado incorpora uma versão aprimorada das técnicas de análise morfologica, G1 e G2. O objetivo principal do CyMorph dentro do escopo do projeto de pesquisa é classificar galáxias entre elipticas (early-type) e espirais (late-type). Analisando o desempenho da técnica de GPA frente as técnicas tradicionais de morfologia, observou-se que G2 é o segundo melhor parâmetro morfométrico no conjunto apresentado.In this work it is presented the Gradient Pattern Analysis (GPA), a formalism that describes operators for analysis of spatially extended system, concerning its asymmetry. Aiming to work with large datasets, it is proposed improvements to the most popular version of GPA, with respect to the metric measurement and computational efficiency. We also review and explore the gradient moments, and propose two new operators. In order to validate the implementation of the operators G1 and G2, the following study cases are presented: (i) a dynamical study case in Coupled Map Lattices (CML), and (ii) a static case study in Galaxy Morphology. With respect to application (i), we analyze two system transitions: symmetry breaking and synchronization. Concerning the application (ii), it is presented a system of galaxy morphometrics named CyMorph, which has an important role on a project for studying the galaxies formation and evolution. The aim of CyMorph is to classify galaxies, between early-type and late-type using non-parametric morphometrics. G1 and G2 were integrated to CyMorph. We observe that G2 is the second-best morphometric in a system with 10 metrics.
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Cioffi, Francesca. "Algoritmi gradient-based per la modellazione e simulazione di sistemi auto-organizzanti." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/4088/.
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Botes, Antoinette. "Insect macroecological patterns along an altitudinal gradient : the Greater Cederberg Biodiversity Corridor." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/21552.
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Dissertation (PhD)--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The central goal in macroecology is to determine species diversity patterns across ecological gradients. Altitudinal and latitudinal patterns in species richness are often assumed to be analogous. Furthermore, the primary mechanisms underlying richness patterns along these two gradients might be similar. To date, few studies have tested whether the hypotheses proposed to explain latitudinal richness variation apply to patterns across altitude. This study therefore tests several hypotheses proposed to explain patterns in species diversity (i.e. ambient energy, productivity, area and geometric constraints) and their underlying mechanisms using altitudinal gradients in epigaeic ant and beetle species richness in the Greater Cederberg Biodiversity Corridor (GCBC) (Western Cape, South Africa). The study was conducted across an altitudinal gradient that was laid out from sea level to the top of a mountain (approximately 2000 m above sea level) and down the other side thereof. First, it was determined how the ant and beetle assemblages differ between the main vegetation types included in the transect and which environmental variables might underlie these differences. Thereafter, the variation in species richness and range size patterns of the two groups was investigated across the full altitudinal gradient. This is the first study that tests the applicability of two mid-domain models across such an altitudinal gradient using both complete and partial assessments. The models explained large proportions of the variance in range sizes across three domains but the ranges could have been constrained to show peaks in the middle of the domains due to the way in which the boundaries of the domains were selected. By contrast, the mid-domain models were not important in explaining species richness patterns, which suggests that they cannot explain diversity across the gradient. The species richness patterns of the two groups did not show the predicted mid-altitudinal peak. Moreover, it was demonstrated that different processes structure ant and tenebrionid assemblages across the same altitudinal transect. Ant species diversity was highly correlated to contemporary climatic variables, while historical factors appear to play a more important role in structuring tenebrionid beetle assemblages. Furthermore, support was found for the species energy theory in the ant assemblages, as well as for two of its underlying mechanisms, namely the more individuals hypothesis and the niche position mechanism. These results suggest that there are likely to be substantial and complex changes to ant assemblages under the predicted climate change scenarios for the region. Given the crucial role played by this group in ecosystem functioning (e.g. myrmecochory) it is suggested that these responses are not likely to be a response solely to vegetation changes, but might also precipitate vegetation changes. This study also forms the basis of a long-term monitoring programme to establish baseline data for the epigaeic ants and tenebrionids and to monitor changes in these communities due to climate change.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Een van die sentrale idees in makro-ekologie is om die patrone in spesies diversiteit oor ekologiese gradiënte te ondersoek. Verder word daar aangeneem dat spesie rykheidspatrone oor hoogte- en breedtegradiënte analoog is aan mekaar en dat die primêre onderliggende meganismes van die patrone dieselfde kan wees oor hierdie twee gradiënte. Tot dusver het min studies getoets of die voorgestelde hipoteses wat breedtegradiënte in spesie rykheid verduidelik van toepassing is op hoogtegradiënte. Hierdie studie toets dus verskeie van hierdie hipoteses (aanvoelbare temperatuur, produktiwiteit, area en geometriese beperkinge) en hulle onderliggende meganismes in mier en kewer spesie rykheid in die Groter Cederberg Biodiversiteits Korridor (GCBK) (Wes Kaap, Suid Afrika). Die studie is uitgevoer oor ‘n hoogtegradiënt wat vanaf see vlak tot ongeveer 2000 meter bo seevlak en weer aan die ander kant van die berg af uitgelê is. Eerstens is daar bepaal hoe die mier en kewer diversiteit verskil tussen die hoof planttipes wat oor die hoogtegradiënt voorgekom het en watter omgewingsveranderlikes daarvoor verantwoordelik is. Daarna is die variasie in spesie rykheid en area van verspreiding van die twee groepe ondersoek oor die hele hoogtegradiënt. Hierdie is die eerste studie wat die toepaslikheid van twee mid-domein modelle oor so ‘n hoogtegradiënt toets met behulp van volledige en gedeeltelike ondersoeke. Die modelle het baie van die variasie in area van verspreiding verduidelik oor drie domeine maar die areas van verspreiding kon beperk gewees het om pieke in die middel van die domeine te vorm as gevolg van die manier waarop die grense van die domeine gekies is. In teenstelling, het die modelle nie spesie rykheid verduidelik nie en dus kan hulle nie spesie diversiteit oor hierdie gradiënt verduidelik nie. Die spesie rykheidspatrone van die twee groepe het nie die verwagte piek by midhoogte gewys nie. Verder het verskillende prosesse mier en kewer groeperings oor die hoogtegradiënt gestruktureer. Mier diversiteit was hoogs gekorroleer met kontemporêre klimaatsveranderlikes, terwyl historiese faktore belangriker was vir die kewers. Die spesie-energie teorie was ondersteun deur die data, asook die meer individue hipotese en die nis posisie meganisme. Hierdie resultaat dui daarop dat daar moontlik komplekse veranderinge in mier groeperings gaan plaasvind soos die klimaat verander. Miere vervul belangrike ekologiese prosesse in ekosisteme, wat beteken dat die laasgenoemde verandering nie bloot net gaan plaasvind as gevolg van veranderinge in die plantegroei nie, maar dat hulle self ook veranderinge kan veroorsaak. Hierdie studie vorm ook die basis van ‘n langtermyn moniteringsprogram om basislyn data vir hierdie twee ekologies belangrike groepe vas te stel en om veranderinge wat in hierdie gemeenskappe plaasvind, as gevolg van klimaatsverandering, te monitor.
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Finnicum, Nicole E. "Patterns of Avian Species Diversity Along an Urbanization Gradient in Edinburgh, Scotland." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1338500714.
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Nytch, Christopher J. "Bad-Boy Bryozoan Biomarkers : Cheilostome Distribution Patterns Along a Bahamian Depth Gradient." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1415358481.
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Jones, David. "PATTERNS OF ABUNDANCE ACROSS AN URBAN-RURAL GRADIENT FOR COMMONLY FOUND INDIGENOUS ARTHROPODS." VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1814.
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Abstract Proof of concept for a continuous environmental sampling methodology that employs common terrestrial arthropods as environmental samplers was tested by analyzing pitfall, malaise and black light captures over a six month period over a replicated urban-suburban-rural gradient in Central Virginia. All arthropods captured at the nine sites were identified and assigned to aquatic, vegetation, or soil groups based on their association with these microhabitats. To offset variability in arthropod life history patterns and species abundance within habitat types, arthropod categories based on presence/absence data over the six month period were constructed to provide for sampling reliability within each microhabitat type. Arthropod categories ranged from single abundant species and families to synthetic groupings based on microhabitat associations (e.g., “soil beetles”), all of which could be easily identified. Mean weekly captures of individuals in each resulting category were compared within and among the nine sites using GLM or ranks analyses. Overall and weekly mean capture rates in the aquatic (two categories), soil (seven categories) and vegetation (11 categories) microhabitats were similar within each habitat type. With the exception of the two aquatic category members (midges and caddisflies), overall, monthly and weekly mean capture rates of all arthropod categories were highest in suburban and lowest in urban habitats. Results demonstrate reliability of the arthropod categories constructed and provide ground truthing for a continuously deployable and user-friendly arthropod-based system for monitoring environmental agents.
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Mellberg, Jenny. "Descriptive Analysis of Ground Frost Patterns in Sweden (1991-2007)." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Social and Economic Geography, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-87223.
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Rose, Alexandra P. "A classic life history pattern revisited : day length and the latitudinal gradient in avian clutch size /." Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2009. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Rosmaninho, Teresa Charrua. "Distribution patterns and functional traits of nematode meiofauna assemblages in Sado Estuary (Portugal)." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/27092.
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Estuaries are naturally stressed systems with a high degree of variability in their physical-chemical characteristics. The natural gradient of salinity, linked with other gradients (e.g. sediment type and dynamics, oxygen availability, temperature and current speed) are well documented as important factors in determining temporal and spatial variations in meiofauna communities. Among the estuarine biological components, meiobenthic communities are good indicators of environmental conditions and therefore changes in their density, diversity, structure and functioning indicate important alterations of the ecosystem. In fact, the phylum Nematoda are the ideal indicator group because they are the most diverse and abundant meiofaunal metazoans of aquatic habitats. The main aim of this study was to advance the general understanding of the spatial distribution patterns of the nematode assemblages along the Sado estuarine gradient. There were analysed structural components of nematode assemblages (abundance, species richness and diversity metrics) as well as functional attributes such as Maturity Index and Trophic Diversity Index. Additionally, multivariate analysis on community data was performed, together with Redundancy Analysis to understand which environmental factors explain the variations in the community. The results showed significant differences in the nematode structural assemblage patterns among the estuary sections. The abundance and diversity of nematodes were related with environmental variables including TOM (Total Organic Matter) concentration, the sediment grain size and the levels of dissolved oxygen. The sections with the highest TOM and lowest oxygen concentration were dominated by the opportunistic genera that were more resistant to unfavourable conditions and were responsible for low species richness. Functional attributes did not exhibit any significant differences among Estuary sections. As a conclusion, nematodes assemblages turned to be good bioindicators of heterogenous environmental conditions of this estuary, especially regarding the detection of sites with higher TOM concentration; Padrões de distribuição espacial das comunidades de nematodes bentónicos e das suas características funcionais no Estuário do Sado (Portugal).
Resumo:
Os estuários são sistemas naturalmente perturbados, com grande variabilidade nas suas características físicas e químicas. O gradiente natural de salinidade, associado a outros gradientes (por exemplo, granulometria, hidrodinamismo, oxigénio, temperatura e correntes das marés), estão bem documentados como sendo fatores determinantes para as variações temporais e espaciais das comunidades de meiofauna. Entre os diferentes componentes biológicos associados a um ambiente estuarino, as comunidades meiobentónicas são consideradas bons indicadores das condições ambientais. Isto porque, quando existem alterações na sua abundância, estrutura funcional pode ser resultado do efeito de alterações nos ecossistemas. Nematoda é o grupo taxonómico da meiofauna que em geral é mais abundante e é considerado um bom indicador ecológico. O principal objetivo deste estudo é analisar o padrão de distribuição espacial das comunidades de nematodes ao longo do gradiente estuarino do estuário do Sado. Foram analisadas variáveis ambientais consideradas determinantes para os padrões de distribuição da abundância e composição de géneros ao longo do estuário do Sado, assim como para a distribuição dos atributos funcionais das comunidades. Através da análise multivariável das abundância e diversidade comunidades foi possível determinar os fatores ambientais que melhor explicam as variações na comunidade. Também foi feita analise multivariada com base nos dados das comunidades tais como a Analise de Redundância para entender quais os fatores ambientais que melhor explicam as variações das comunidades. Os resultados mostram diferenças significativas na densidade e diversidade das comunidades de nematodes entre as várias secções do estuário. A densidade de nematodes apresentou relação com diferentes variáveis ambientais analisadas, tais como a concentração de TOM (matéria orgânica total), granulometrias e consequentemente os níveis de oxigénio dissolvido. Nas seções com maior TOM e menor concentração de oxigênio verificou-se que os géneros oportunistas eram mais abundantes, sendo estes mais resistentes a condições desfavoráveis e responsáveis pela baixa riqueza de espécies. As características funcionais não apresentaram diferenças significativas entre as seções do estuário. Pode concluir-se que as comunidades de nematodes se tornaram bons bioindicadores de condições ambientais heterogêneas deste estuário, principalmente quanto à deteção de sítios com maior concentração de TOM.
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MCLAUGHLIN, SUSANNAH. "SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY AND FAUNAL PATTERNS OF THE MIDDLE LEXINGTON LIMESTONE (UPPER ORDOVICIAN) IN CENTRAL KENTUCKY." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1141314237.
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Dowgiallo, Michael Joseph. "Patterns in diversity and distribution of benthic molluscs along a depth gradient in the Bahamas." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2005.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2004.Thesis research directed by: Marine-Estuarine-Environmental Sciences. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Sparks, Christopher S. "Concentration gradient patterns of traffic and non-traffic generated aerosols: Ultrafine, PM2.5, and coarse particles." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1314302308.
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Staufer-Steinnocher, Petra, and Manfred M. Fischer. "A Neural Network Classifier for Spectral Pattern Recognition. On-Line versus Off-Line Backpropagation Training." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 1997. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4152/1/WSG_DP_6097.pdf.
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In this contributon we evaluate on-line and off-line techniques to train a single
hidden layer neural network classifier with logistic hidden and softmax output transfer
functions on a multispectral pixel-by-pixel classification problem. In contrast to
current practice a multiple class cross-entropy error function has been chosen as the
function to be minimized. The non-linear diffierential equations cannot be solved in
closed form. To solve for a set of locally minimizing parameters we use the gradient
descent technique for parameter updating based upon the backpropagation technique
for evaluating the partial derivatives of the error function with respect to the
parameter weights. Empirical evidence shows that on-line and epoch-based gradient
descent backpropagation fail to converge within 100,000 iterations, due to the fixed
step size. Batch gradient descent backpropagation training is superior in terms of
learning speed and convergence behaviour. Stochastic epoch-based training tends to
be slightly more effective than on-line and batch training in terms of generalization
performance, especially when the number of training examples is larger. Moreover, it
is less prone to fall into local minima than on-line and batch modes of operation. (authors' abstract)Series: Discussion Papers of the Institute for Economic Geography and GIScience
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Zhu, Chao. "Effective and efficient visual description based on local binary patterns and gradient distribution for object recognition." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00755644.
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Cette thèse est consacrée au problème de la reconnaissance visuelle des objets basé sur l'ordinateur, qui est devenue un sujet de recherche très populaire et important ces dernières années grâce à ses nombreuses applications comme l'indexation et la recherche d'image et de vidéo , le contrôle d'accès de sécurité, la surveillance vidéo, etc. Malgré beaucoup d'efforts et de progrès qui ont été fait pendant les dernières années, il reste un problème ouvert et est encore considéré comme l'un des problèmes les plus difficiles dans la communauté de vision par ordinateur, principalement en raison des similarités entre les classes et des variations intra-classe comme occlusion, clutter de fond, les changements de point de vue, pose, l'échelle et l'éclairage. Les approches populaires d'aujourd'hui pour la reconnaissance des objets sont basé sur les descripteurs et les classiffieurs, ce qui généralement extrait des descripteurs visuelles dans les images et les vidéos d'abord, et puis effectue la classification en utilisant des algorithmes d'apprentissage automatique sur la base des caractéristiques extraites. Ainsi, il est important de concevoir une bonne description visuelle, qui devrait être à la fois discriminatoire et efficace à calcul, tout en possédant certaines propriétés de robustesse contre les variations mentionnées précédemment. Dans ce contexte, l'objectif de cette thèse est de proposer des contributions novatrices pour la tâche de la reconnaissance visuelle des objets, en particulier de présenter plusieurs nouveaux descripteurs visuelles qui représentent effectivement et efficacement le contenu visuel d'image et de vidéo pour la reconnaissance des objets. Les descripteurs proposés ont l'intention de capturer l'information visuelle sous aspects différents. Tout d'abord, nous proposons six caractéristiques LBP couleurs de multi-échelle pour traiter les défauts principaux du LBP original, c'est-à-dire, le déffcit d'information de couleur et la sensibilité aux variations des conditions d'éclairage non-monotoniques. En étendant le LBP original à la forme de multi-échelle dans les différents espaces de couleur, les caractéristiques proposées non seulement ont plus de puissance discriminante par l'obtention de plus d'information locale, mais possèdent également certaines propriétés d'invariance aux différentes variations des conditions d'éclairage. En plus, leurs performances sont encore améliorées en appliquant une stratégie de l'image division grossière à fine pour calculer les caractéristiques proposées dans les blocs d'image afin de coder l'information spatiale des structures de texture. Les caractéristiques proposées capturent la distribution mondiale de l'information de texture dans les images. Deuxièmement, nous proposons une nouvelle méthode pour réduire la dimensionnalité du LBP appelée la combinaison orthogonale de LBP (OC-LBP). Elle est adoptée pour construire un nouveau descripteur local basé sur la distribution en suivant une manière similaire à SIFT. Notre objectif est de construire un descripteur local plus efficace en remplaçant l'information de gradient coûteux par des patterns de texture locales dans le régime du SIFT. Comme l'extension de notre première contribution, nous étendons également le descripteur OC-LBP aux différents espaces de couleur et proposons six descripteurs OC-LBP couleurs pour améliorer la puissance discriminante et la propriété d'invariance photométrique du descripteur basé sur l'intensité. Les descripteurs proposés capturent la distribution locale de l'information de texture dans les images. Troisièmement, nous introduisons DAISY, un nouveau descripteur local rapide basé sur la distribution de gradient, dans le domaine de la reconnaissance visuelle des objets. [...]
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Tshivhandekano, Pfarelo Grace. "Ant diversity and body size patterns across an altitudinal gradient in the Drakensberg Mountains, South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/79787.
Full textAbstract:
Patterns of invertebrate species richness and body size across elevational gradients have been well-documented in a variety of studies. However, very little is known about the factors that govern these patterns along elevational gradients. A number of studies have have reported a monotonic decrease in species richness with increasing elevation; while others have observed a hump-shaped pattern, where the peak of species richness occurs at an intermediate elevation. For body size, studies have recorded larger size at higher elevations; some smaller and some have recorded no change across elevational gradients. Even though these patterns have been well-documented, the majority of them did not study invertebrates. This is surprising given that invertebrates such as ants are widely regarded as powerful monitoring tools in environmental management because they are abundant, diverse, easy to sample, sensitive to perturbation and they can indicate long-term general ecosystem change. Elevational gradients are isolated fragmented, spatially complex, comprise harsh environmental conditions and often retain comparatively intact habitats. The steep elevational gradients enable species to track climatic changes over short distances. Temperature varies across elevational gradients and variation in rates of growth and development at different temperatures may lead in differences in the mean body size of an insect species along elevational gradients. Body size can also be associated with species range size and geographic patterns of distribution and diversity. Ant diversity and body size patterns were investigated using data collected during March and November 2011 across an elevational gradient at Mariepskop. Pitfall traps were used to sample ants at five elevational sites and environmental variables were also collected at each sampling site. Body size was measured for some of the individuals selected from all ant species collected and simple regressions were used to examine altitudinal body size patterns within and across species. A total of 92 ant species were collected from 30 genera. Ant species density decreased monotonically with increasing elevation and abundance also declined as elevation increased. Altitude, vegetation complexity, height of grass, proportion of bare ground and clay in the soil were the five environmental variables that contributed significantly to the variance explained in the ant assemblages. Body size increased with altitude within species for Plagiolepis sp. 45, Pheidole sp. 1, Monomorium sp. 12 and Tetramorium sp. 3. No body size relationship was established across species when using the across species method whereas the Stevens method indicates a decrease in body size with elevation. A number of factors are responsible for structuring ant assemblages and body size along elevational gradients and it is not easy to establish to what extent each of the factors is responsible for the variation. Factors such as availability of resources, starvation resistance, accelerated maturation and adaptation to local environment are associated with positive relationship between body size and altitude. Related mechanisms such as desiccation resistance, metabolic rate, competition and predation contributing to the observed responses to elevation are discussed.Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2014.
Department of Agriculture
National Research Foundation (NRF)
Zoology and Entomology
MSc
Unrestricted
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Forsbäck, Katarina. "Passformsgrund till formad sportjacka : Digital framtagningsmetod med fokus på passform och gradering." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-770.
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Vid digital mönsterkonstruktion för ett plagg krävs ett befintligt grundmönster som utgångspunkt för att kunna tidseffektivisera framtagningsprocessen. På konfektionsföretag där tid för mönsterkonstruktion är bristfällig lämnas detta moment ofta till fabriksanställda trots att kompetens finns inom företaget. Denna studie syftar till att ta fram en passformsgrund till ett sportföretags formade jackor för att främja framtida konstruktionsprocess för företagets konstruktörer. Resultat har uppnåtts med hjälp av metoder som digital mönsterkonstruktion, sömnad av provplagg och avprovningar. För att grunden ska kunna användas till företagets hela storleksintervall har denna graderats. Verifiering av graderingen har utförts genom virtuell avprovning på inskannade provpersoner i ett 3D-simuleringsprogram. Resultatet visar en passformsgrund där företagets återkommande passformsproblem över byst har korrigerats. Till passformsgrunden har tre ärmar konstruerats för att bredda användningen av mönstret. Passformsproblemet och ärmarnas form har korrigerats i mönsterkonstruktionen genom förflyttning av skärlinjer, vridningar och formtillägg. Graderingens utfall visas genom digitala avprovningar i företagets brytstorlekar. Skärmdumpar från 3D-simuleringsprogrammet visualiserar skärlinjernas placering och plaggets passform.When developing a digital pattern for a new garment a basic pattern is required to efficient the construction time. In companies where the construction process is handed over to the producing factory is the reason sometimes a lack of time for this process at the head office. This report aim is to develop a basic pattern to a sports company’s shaped jackets for women. The pattern is intended to efficient the construction time for the company's constructors when developing future jacket models. In order to achieve the result digital pattern making, toile sewing and fitting will be crucial methods to use. The basic pattern will be graded in the company’s size range. To verify the fit of the graded pattern test persons will be scanned and a virtual fitting session will be done on avatars in a 3D simulation program. The results show’s a basic pattern were the fit problem over bust area has been corrected. To enhance the usability of the pattern, three different sleeve types have been developed. The fit problem and the form of the sleeves have been solved in the pattern construction by moving the cut lines, twists and adding shape. The digital fitting process shows the grading’s outcome when the garment is tested in the company's bigger and smaller sizes. Screenshots from the 3D simulation software visualizes the cut lines placement and the fit of the garment.
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Hamid, Omar Abdulhakeem. "3D printing of a gradient-patterned tubular scaffold for central nervous system regenerative applications." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/49801/.
Full textAbstract:
During the central nervous system (CNS) morphogenesis, chemical gradients of morphogens such as retinoic acid (RA) or sonic hedgehog play a central role in regulating CNS patterning and differentiation of neural subtypes. Recapitulation of these gradients in a 3D hydrogel matrix may provide a model for CNS tissue formation in vitro. 3D Printing technology offers an opportunity to reproduce the complex architecture of cell microenvironment. We have developed a 3D-printable alginate hydrogel bioink suitable for extrusion-based bioprinting. The bioink was characterised by shear thinning, high printing resolution and minimal adverse effects on cell viability. The bioink was successfully used to print mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs)-laden constructs and supported their differentiation into neural-like cells. Extrusion-based bioprinting was used to 3D-print hybrid polycaprolactone (PCL)-alginate tubular scaffolds functionalised with a fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated bovine serum albumin (FITC-BSA) concentration gradient pattern. Quantification of the FITC-BSA concentrations in the scaffold showed a linear reduction in concentration as a function of scaffold’s distance (length). Tubular scaffolds printed with fibroblast-laden alginate supported cell viability and proliferation up to 6 days after printing. Next, the developed model was used to replicate the in vivo RA-induced directed differentiation of mESCs into spinal cord neurons. RA-concentration-dependent acquisition of neural identity was investigated using immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry analysis. RA promoted the formation of neurons with hindbrain and spinal cord identity and supressed the forebrain identity in a concentration-dependent manner. Among the investigated hydrogels, gelatine methacrylate (GelMA) supported neural differentiation and neurite outgrowth of the mESCs-derived embryoid bodies (EBs). Subsequently EBs-laden GelMA (5%) was successfully used as a bioink to print the hybrid PCL-hydrogel scaffolds. 3D Printing of EBs and RA-loaded GelMA in PCL scaffold induced differentiation of EBs into neurons with spinal cord positional identity. In conclusion, the model can be used for effective morphogens gradients delivery to replicate some of the complex processes of CNS development in vitro.
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Hopcroft, Russell Ross. "Size-related patterns in growth rate and production of tropical marine planktonic communities along a trophic gradient." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq24410.pdf.
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Huang, Hui Doyle Robert D. "Spatial and temporal patterns of planktonic and community metabolism along the riverine-lacustrine gradient in Texas reservoirs." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/4958.
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Mills, Mystyn W. "Bringing light to below ground patterns| Arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi diversity along an elevation gradient in Southern California." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1597781.
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Necessary for the diversity and survival of most terrestrial plants, arbuscular mycorrhizae (AMF) are fungi that form mutualistic symbiotic relationships with approximately 90 percent of terrestrial plant families. While the biodiversity and abundance of plants and animals have received much attention, these patterns for the belowground organisms on which they rely, such as AMF, remain poorly understood. While studies have found indications that AMF are fundamental to ecosystem structure and function, relatively few of these studies have been conducted in situ. In their ability to accommodate the complexity found in natural ecosystems, in situ studies may be vital in providing information relevant to the restoration and conservation of ecosystems. This thesis sought to explore in situ how AMF diversity and root colonization changed across ecosystems along an elevation gradient in Southern California. The findings indicate that certain soil parameters may be especially influential and that intra-species competition may play a role in AMF root colonization.
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DeVries, Paul E. "Scour in low gradient gravel bed streams : patterns, processes, and implications for the survival of salmonid embryos /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10137.
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Rijkers, Jessica Carolina Cornelia. "Alinea : The beginning of a new train of thought, Implementing (coloured) bioplastic into handwoven textile design." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-26578.
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Within Alinea, the purpose is to explore the use of bioplastic as unconventional yarn in the traditional technique of handweaving. The focus toward bioplastic as a design material and the technique of handweaving as the fabrication technique to generate broader alternatives for using bioplastic materials in woven textile design. Described through experimental and practise-based research, handwoven bioplastic samples have been explored to investigate the methods of structures and bindings, gradient colouring and print design within bioplastic and weaving. With the attempt to make bioplastic more accessible for the textile industry. The experimental design research resulted in scaled prototypes that showcase a collection of seven pieces that present various design possibilities and potentials regarding bioplastic within the textile weaving technique, including distinct structural tactile qualities bioplastics can offer to the field of textile. It can be concluded that bioplastic can play a role in becomes a desirable material steering textile design towards a more sustainable future in the textile design field. Furthermore, give handwoven materials new aesthetics by producing unique structures and tactile features.
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Troudet, Julien. "Biodiversity occurences and patterns from the angle of systematics." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066568/document.
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Dans le contexte actuel de crise de biodiversité, il est primordial de comprendre où et comment se distribuent les êtres vivants. En utilisant les données de biodiversité gérées par le GBIF (> 640 millions d'occurrences) et couvrant 24 classes taxonomiques, j'ai étudié un patron de biodiversité remarquable, le gradient latitudinal de diversité (LDG). Cet objectif m'a d'abord amené à produire des outils informatiques afin de manipuler ces données de biodiversité (Big Data), puis à évaluer la qualité des données. J’ai alors mis en évidence deux phénomènes importants. Premièrement, un fort biais taxonomique existe dans les données d'occurrences de biodiversité. Certains taxons sont plus étudiés que d'autres, créant un déficit de connaissance pour certains groupes et se révélant problématique pour notre compréhension globale de la biodiversité. Ce biais semble s'expliquer en partie par l'impact des préférences sociétales. Deuxièmement, un changement radical dans la production de ces données: de plus en plus de données primaires de biodiversité sont de simples observations et non plus des spécimens récoltés et mis en collection. Les dangers et avantages liés à ce changement de pratique sont discutés, le rôle de spécimens vouchers est rappelé et la nécessité d'acquérir des données supplémentaires est soulignée. Enfin, fort de cette analyse critique des données primaires de biodiversité, six hypothèses pouvant expliquer le LDG sont testées sur un jeu de données nettoyées couvrant huit classes taxonomiques. Ce test permet de réfuter une hypothèse de contrainte géométrique récente mais jamais testée pour finalement révéler que l'hypothèse de productivité est la mieux soutenueIn the current context of biodiversity crisis, it is essential to understand where and how life is distributed. Using biodiversity data managed by the GBIF (>640 million occurrences) covering 24 taxonomic classes, I investigated one of the best-known biodiversity patterns: the latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG), which is characterized by an increase in specific richness as we approach the equator. This objective first led me to produce informatics tools for handling large amount of data (Big data paradigm), before evaluating the quality of primary biodiversity data. Two important outcomes resulted from this evaluation. First, I highlight that a strong taxonomic bias exists in biodiversity occurrences. This bias implies that some taxa are more studied than others, creating a knowledge gap detrimental to our understanding of biodiversity as a whole. This bias is strongly impacted by societal preferences rather than research activity. Second, a radical change in biodiversity data gathering practices is happening: primary biodiversity data are now mostly observation-based and not specimen-based. Assets and liabilities of this shift are discussed, while the role of voucher specimens is reiterated and, for observations, the need for ancillary data is underlined. Finally, six hypotheses proposed to explain the LDG are tested on a cleaned dataset encompassing eight taxonomic classes. A recent, but never tested, version of the geometric constraint hypothesis is refuted, while the productivity hypothesis is strongly supported
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Holm, Stig-Olov. "Reproductive patterns of birches (Betula spp.) in northern Sweden." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, 1994. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-96884.
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The aim of this thesis was to study patterns of reproduction of Betula pendula and B. pubescens coll. along an altitudinal, coastal-inland, gradient in northern Sweden. The altitudinal variation was related to the distribution of the birch taxa along the gradient. Six years field data showed a steep decrease of seed germinability of B. pendula towards its altitudinal range limit in the Scandes every year. In contrast, B. pubescens ssp. pubescens showed significant positive correlations between seed germinability and altitude in three of the six years. Furthermore, there was a highly significant positive correlation between seed weight and altitude for B. pubescens coll., but not for B. pendula. Production of viable seeds fluctuated strongly between years in most populations, except in marginal B. pendula populations in the mountain area where it was constantly very low. On average 15 - 41 % of the seeds produced in B. pendula populations above 400 m altitude were attacked by gall midges (Semudobia ssp.). Corresponding values for B. pendula populations below 400 m altitude were 4 - 7 %. In B. pubescens populations, the seeds attacked by Semudobia ssp. never exceeded 3 %. The high frequency of Semudobia attackes in high altitude marginal B. pendula populations was suggested to be due to limited resources for defense against the seed predator. A 3-yr study documented large variations in pollination and seed quality between taxa, high and low altitude populations, and between years. Empty seeds (without embryos) dominated among the sampled seeds in most cases. This proportion was decreased by pollen addition, in both B. pendula and B. pubescens, in mountain populations, but not in coastal populations. The high percentage of empty seeds was therefore suggested to be partly caused by pollen-limitation, but failure of pollen tube penetration - fertilisation, or maternal resource supply could also have had an influence. A laboratory experiment showed increased pollen germination and length of the longest pollen tube per style after increased pollination. The correlations between number and length of pollen tubes per style were however mostly low in natural populations, suggesting low probability of pollen competition in the natural situation. Sowing experiments indicated that differences in initial seedling density between B. pendula and B. pubescens was more affected by interspecific differences in seed quality than by interspecific differences in survival of seedlings after establishment A study of the age structure of a B. pendula stand, planted about 250 m above its natural altitudinal limit, indicated that this birch may reproduce above its recent range limit during temporally warmer periods. It was concluded that the level of accumulated resources in B. pendula in marginal sites in the Scandes would mostly be too low for completion of the reproductive cycle. In contrast, B. pubescens ssp. pubescens is able to accumulate enough rescources for reproduction also at relative high altitudes.Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 1994, härtill 5 uppsatser.
digitalisering@umu
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Cox, Carissa. "Spatial Patterns in Development Regulation: Tree Preservation Ordinances of the DFW Metropolitan Area." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2011. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc84194/.
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Land use regulations are typically established as a response to development activity. For effective growth management and habitat preservation, the opposite should occur. This study considers tree preservation ordinances of the Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area as a means of evaluating development regulation in a metropolitan context. It documents the impact urban cores have on regulations and policies throughout their region, demonstrating that the same urban-rural gradient used to describe physical components of our metropolitan areas also holds true in terms of policy formation. Although sophistication of land use regulation generally dissipates as one moves away from an urban core, native habitat is more pristine at the outer edges. To more effectively protect native habitat, regional preservation measures are recommended.
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Da, Sié Sylvestre [Verfasser]. "Spatial patterns of West-African plant diversity along a climatic gradient from coast to Sahel / Sié Sylvestre Da." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1016023081/34.
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Hendy, Austin J. W. "Cenozoic Molluscan Biodiversity: An Examination of Patterns of Biodiversity Change at Global, Regional, and Local Spatial Scales." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1189714325.
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Lessig, Heather. "Species Distribution and Richness Patterns of Bird Communities in the High Elevation Forests of Virginia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35899.
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Island biogeography theory predicts that the patterns and distributions of spatially isolated populations are governed by large scale processes. The high elevations forests in the Southern Appalachians represent a series of naturally fragmented islands that harbor many isolated populations of species at the southern limits of their range. Understanding the governing forces of population dynamics in this region will enhance the probability of species persistence in the face of threats such as global warming and human development. We surveyed bird populations across multiple elevations in Virginia and combined this with a multi-scale habitat analysis to determine influences of species presence and species richness. We detected 101 species across the elevation gradient, including 12 species with special conservation status and ten species whose presence increased with increasing elevation. These ten elevation sensitive species responded to habitat variables at both the microhabitat and landscape scale, with species-specific patterns of habitat variable correlation emerging. Habitat type was least effective in predicting species presence for any elevation sensitive species. Species richness declined over the elevation gradient until the highest elevations, where this trend reversed and richness began to increase. This pattern was driven by an increase in short-distance migrants beginning at mid-elevations, which ultimately overpowered a corresponding decrease in long-distance migrants beginning at similar elevations. Habitat analysis linked these patterns to a preference of short-distance migrants for smaller, more isolated non-forested patches, and a historical lack of persistence for long-distance migrants. Conservation and management decisions for the region should focus on a multi-scale approach that preserves all habitat types for continued species presence and high species richness, although the persistence of particular elevation sensitive species is compounded by unique species-habitat relationships and the perception of islands as species-specific. Continued monitoring of these fragmented populations in light of both short- and long-term threats which span multiple scales of influence will maintain high species richness and ensure the persistence of crucial breeding habitat.Master of Science
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Moulard, Laurence. "Optimisation de maillages non structurés : applications à la génération, à la correction et à l'adaptation." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10173.
Full textAbstract:
Nous traitons les problèmes lies aux maillages non structures par des méthodes d'optimisation utilisant des algorithmes d'exploration locale. Le principe consiste à partir d'une solution existante et a l'améliorer grâce a des opérations élémentaires. L'intérêt de cette approche est de pouvoir modifier localement la solution initiale pour qu'elle réponde a des contraintes ou des critères qui peuvent évoluer. On évite ainsi la reconstruction couteuse d'un nouveau maillage à chaque nouvelle demande des utilisateursUne étude théorique introduit de nouveaux objets, les tétraphores réalisables, en considérant les seules conditions topologiques d'un maillage. Ces objets se construisent facilement à partir de la frontière du domaine à mailler ; il suffit d'ajouter des contraintes géométriques, très simples à tester et pouvant se traduire sous la forme d'un critère à optimiser, pour obtenir un maillage. Des opérations transformant ces tétraphores sont définies. Les algorithmes d'optimisation sont ainsi bien plus efficaces car ils peuvent être appliques sur un ensemble plus vaste que les maillages
Les algorithmes décrits dans cette thèse sont utilisés industriellement. Des résultats sont donnes pour l'optimisation selon des critères géométriques et topologiques, l'adaptation selon un critère de densité, la correction après déformation des frontières et la génération de maillages
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Cai, Yangjun. "Simple Alternative Patterning Techniques for Selective Protein Adsorption." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1257386752.
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Berger, Michael Stuart. "Living along an estuarine gradient : juvenile performance, reproductive patterns, and heat-shock protein expession [sic] in the barnacle Balanus glandula /." view abstract or download file of text, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3136403.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2004.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 125-142). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Santillan, Vinicio [Verfasser], Katrin [Gutachter] Böhning-Gaese, and Roland [Gutachter] Brandl. "Spatial and temporal patterns in bird communities along an elevational gradient in the tropical Andes / Vinicio Santillan ; Gutachter: Katrin Böhning-Gaese, Roland Brandl." Frankfurt am Main : Universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1202847994/34.
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Ionov, Leonid. "Synthese und Charakterisierung von Polymerbürsten-Oberflächen mit Gradienten und Strukturierung (Synthesis and characterization of patterned and gradient polymer brush surfaces)." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2005. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1112359473069-77092.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis is devoted to the development of general methods of preparation of tethered polymer layers with laterally changing properties and investigation of their properties with focus on controlled adsorption and liquid flow. The temperature dependent character of the grafting reaction is used for the design of mono- and bicomponent gradient polymer grafted layers. For this purpose, a special stage providing a lateral temperature gradient is designed. The stage consists of two elements, one heating and one cooling, between which the experimental sample is situated. The versatility of these approaches for both fundamental research and practical applications is demonstrated. In general, the gradient approach is proved to be useful for the combinatorial-like investigations of ultrathin polymer films. The systematic study allowed detailed investigation of the grafting kinetics, the morphologies of the grafted polymer layers, the switching mechanism of the mixed polymer brushes, adsorption of colloid particles. The second approach for the preparation of laterally resolved tethered layers consists of a novel strategy for reversible environment-responsive lithography. This strategy implies local fixation of the morphology of mixed polymer brushes via photocrosslinking by UV irradiation. Irradiated areas lose the ability to switch. Exposure to selective and non-selective solvent allows visualization or erasing of the written information, respectively. It is demonstrated that developed approaches are promising for design of smart sensors, microfluidics devices, combinatorial study of the adsorption (separation and identification) of protein molecules and colloids and for other applications.
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Ionov, Leonid. "Synthese und Charakterisierung von Polymerbürsten-Oberflächen mit Gradienten und Strukturierung (Synthesis and characterization of patterned and gradient polymer brush surfaces) /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2005. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB11759043.
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Ionov, Leonid. "Synthese und Charakterisierung von Polymerbürsten-Oberflächen mit Gradienten und Strukturierung (Synthesis and characterization of patterned and gradient polymer brush surfaces)." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2004. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A24476.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis is devoted to the development of general methods of preparation of tethered polymer layers with laterally changing properties and investigation of their properties with focus on controlled adsorption and liquid flow. The temperature dependent character of the grafting reaction is used for the design of mono- and bicomponent gradient polymer grafted layers. For this purpose, a special stage providing a lateral temperature gradient is designed. The stage consists of two elements, one heating and one cooling, between which the experimental sample is situated. The versatility of these approaches for both fundamental research and practical applications is demonstrated. In general, the gradient approach is proved to be useful for the combinatorial-like investigations of ultrathin polymer films. The systematic study allowed detailed investigation of the grafting kinetics, the morphologies of the grafted polymer layers, the switching mechanism of the mixed polymer brushes, adsorption of colloid particles. The second approach for the preparation of laterally resolved tethered layers consists of a novel strategy for reversible environment-responsive lithography. This strategy implies local fixation of the morphology of mixed polymer brushes via photocrosslinking by UV irradiation. Irradiated areas lose the ability to switch. Exposure to selective and non-selective solvent allows visualization or erasing of the written information, respectively. It is demonstrated that developed approaches are promising for design of smart sensors, microfluidics devices, combinatorial study of the adsorption (separation and identification) of protein molecules and colloids and for other applications.
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Davies, Andrew Byron. "Termite responses to long term burning regimes in southern African savannas : patterns, processes and conservation." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25711.
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Termites are considered to be major ecosystem engineers in tropical and sub-tropical environments, and fire in savanna systems is regarded as a major and necessary disturbance for the maintenance of biodiversity. However, most fire ecology studies have focused on vegetation dynamics with little attention given to other taxa, especially invertebrates. This thesis has addressed several aspects of savanna termite ecology. First, based on a review of studies examining the relationship between fire ecology and termites, I found that few broad conclusions can be made based on the published literature. Hence little is known on the interactions between termites and ecological processes such as fire. Leading on from this, several recommendations are provided in the thesis for future research to improve ecological understanding of savannas and the dynamics that structure these systems. Second, savanna termite responses to long-term burning regimes were investigated across four distinct savanna types along a rainfall gradient in South Africa using comprehensive sampling protocols. This was achieved using experimental burning plots which have been in place in the Kruger National Park (KNP) since 1954 as well as sites in Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park. Termite communities were found to differ significantly between these savannas with higher diversity at Pretoriuskop, a mesic savanna but not the wettest. Termite diversity was lowest at the most arid site (Mopani) but certain feeding groups peaked at Satara, a savanna with intermediate rainfall. Differences between these savannas are attributed to broad underlying changes in net primary productivity, temperature and soil type, with the role of mammalian herbivores also being considered. Seasonality was also examined and it was found that termite activity peaks in the wet and transitional seasons and is significantly lower in the dry season. Considering different fire regimes, termites, in general, were found to be highly resistant to burning, but assemblage composition was affected, this being more pronounced at the mesic savanna where fire has more effect on vegetation. These assemblage changes are linked to changes in vegetation structure caused by fire. Finally, termite ecology is often constrained by sampling difficulties and a lack of sampling protocols in savannas. A comparison of two often used sampling methods, baiting and active searching, was conducted across the savanna types studied. The efficiency of sampling method varied along the rainfall gradient and a single method was not the best for all savanna types. In mesic savannas, active searching (an often neglected sampling method in savannas) was most effective at sampling termite diversity while baiting was more effective in arid savannas, although this method is biased toward wood-feeding termites from feeding group II. Baiting also provides a better measure of termite activity than active searching. I demonstrate that termite communities differ significantly with savanna habitat and their responses to long-term burning regimes differ between these habitat types. Although termite communities were found to be quite resistant to burning, the degree of resistance differed with savanna type and management policies in protected areas and elsewhere need to take this into account when formulating conservation policies. Similarly, sampling methods differ in their efficiency at different sites which needs to be considered when designing sampling protocols in order to accurately reflect the biodiversity present.Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Zoology and Entomology
unrestricted
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Pedroza, Moises. "Automating Telemetry Tracking Systems Operational Tests." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/606471.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 22-25, 2001 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, NevadaAutomating Telemetry Tracking Systems Operational Readiness Tests is a concept that was introduced at White Sands Missile Range in the early 1980’s. The idea was to determine the condition of a Telemetry Tracking System in a reliable manner in a short time as possible. A series of RF and Servo Tests designed to determine the condition of a Telemetry Tracking System was implemented using HP BASIC. The latest personal computers are faster and have more storage capacity plus the capability to be programmed in higher level languages such as C/C++ and LabView. This technology makes it easier to automate system tests. Many of these tests need to be conducted just prior to supporting a mission. Some tests are required to be performed on mobile systems after moving the system from one location to another, especially if the move was over long distances and rugged terrain. Tests such as G/T are conducted before each mission because it yields accurate information on the Figure of Merit, or, System Sensitivity. Noise Figure Measurements are more difficult to perform to determine the System Sensitivity since modern RF Subsystems have pre-amplifiers with Noise Figures of less than 1.0 dB. The “down-sizing” of personnel increases the possibility of failure in mission support scenarios due to the many critical readiness tests needed to assess the Telemetry Tracking Systems. Also, conventional test methods can be time consuming and are subject to human error. This paper describes four critical tests that have been automated to improve reliability of the test data and decrease the amount of time required to conduct the tests. The “C/C++” language was used to write the automation programs. More tests will be automated later.
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Kale, Manoj Ashokrao. "Bird Species in Urban and Agricultural Landscapes : Bird diversity patterns along an urbanisation gradient and crop damage caused by birds on the Deccan Plateau, India." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-154421.
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The major human activities that have transformed the Earth include agriculture and urbanization. The present study was conducted to contribute to a description of the effect on birds of urbanization and agriculture in an Indian region. Terrestrial bird assemblages were censused along a five-stage urbanisation gradient between January and April 2010-2013 near the city of Amravati, on the Deccan Plateau, Central India. Altogether, 89 species of birds were recorded, with the highest species richness in the rural areas (67 species) and lowest in the urban stage (29 species). The assemblages were significantly nested in all the five stages. Maximum cumulative species abundance (12 399 individuals over four years) was found in the urban stage, and was due to the constant presence of large groups of Rose-ringed Parakeets (Psittacula krameri). The lowest bird abundance was found in the industrial zone (4837 in total), where there was also a nearly two-fold decrease from 2010 to 2013. Thirty-six species demonstrated significant variation in their densities at least in one stage and between at least two months (p<0.05). Densities of 13.9% (n=5) of those species varied significantly in two stages, that of Copsychus saularis in three stages, and of Phoenicurus ochruros, in all five stages. Urban, suburban, periurban and forest stages were characterised by relatively stable species densities (significant changes observed only for 17.2% (n=5), 17.1% (n=6), 12.9% (n=7), and 17.8% (n=16) species, respectively). The additive diversity partitioning indicated that of the overall diversity (gamma-diversity), alpha diversity (within transects located within one stage) contributed 50.1% to the total diversity, and the controbution of within-stage variability was small (2.7%). Additionally, censuses on cultivated fields were taken. In two areas under mixed cropping systems, 53 bird species were identified in the two years period between June and December, 2011 and 2012. Out of the 53 detected species, only 14 were common (recorded at ≥50% of visits). Twenty-one species were recorded at Zadgaon in crops of tur (Cajanus cajan), cotton (Gossypium arboreum) and soybean (Glycine max). Nineteen species were recorded at Bhankhed in jawar (Sorghum bicolor), cotton and mung bean (Phaseolus aureus). At Zadgaon, territorial activity was observed in four species: the House Sparrow (Passer domesticus), Jungle Babbler (Turdoides striata), Yellow-eyed Babbler (Chrysomma sinense) and Red-wattled Lapwing (Vanellus indicus). The study indicated that four bird species were found under high risk, thirteen species at medium risk and eight species at low risk due to pesticide applications in croplands. The extent of crop damage in fields of groundnut, pearl millet, peas, sorghum, and sunflower was assessed by doing actual field censuses. The sustainable solution for reducing crop damage is a need for the farmers and such techniques will help to avoid direct or indirect effects of use of lethal bird control techniques on bird species diversity.QC 20141022
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Sundaramoorthi, Ganesh. "Global Optimizing Flows for Active Contours." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16145.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis makes significant contributions to the object detection problem in computer vision. The object detection problem is, given a digital image of a scene, to detect the relevant object in the image. One technique for performing object detection, called ``active contours,' optimizes a constructed energy that is defined on contours (closed curves) and is tailored to image features. An optimization method can be used to perform the optimization of the energy, and thereby deform an initially placed contour to the relevant object. The typical optimization technique used in almost every active contour paper is evolving the contour by the energy's gradient descent flow, i.e., the steepest descent flow, in order to drive the initial contour to (hopefully) the minimum curve. The problem with this technique is that often times the contour becomes stuck in a sub-optimal and undesirable local minimum of the energy. This problem can be partially attributed to the fact that the gradient flows of these energies make use of only local image and contour information. By local, we mean that in order to evolve a point on the contour, only information local to that point is used. Therefore, in this thesis, we introduce a new class of flows that are global in that the evolution of a point on the contour depends on global information from the entire curve. These flows help avoid a number of problems with traditional flows including helping in avoiding
undesirable local minima. We demonstrate practical applications of these flows for the object detection problem, including applications
to both image segmentation and visual object tracking.
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Altunel, Haluk. "Optimum Current Injection Strategy For Magnetic Resonance Electrical Impedance Tomography." Phd thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609340/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
In this thesis, optimum current injection strategy for Magnetic Resonance Electrical
Impedance Tomography (MREIT) is studied. Distinguishability measure based on
magnetic flux density is defined for MREIT. Limit of distinguishability is
analytically derived for an infinitely long cylinder with concentric and eccentric
inhomogeneities. When distinguishability limits of MREIT and Electrical
Impedance Tomography (EIT) are compared, it is found that MREIT is capable of
detecting smaller perturbations than EIT. When conductivities of inhomogeneity
and background object are equal to 0.8S and 1S respectively, MREIT provides
improvement of %74 in detection capacity. Optimum current injection pattern is
found based on the distinguishability definition. For 2-D cylindrical body with
concentric and eccentric inhomogeneities, opposite drive provides best result. As
for the 3-D case, a sphere with azimuthal symmetry is considered.
Distinguishability limit expression is obtained and optimum current injection
pattern is again opposite drive. Based these results, optimum current injection
principles are provided and Regional Image Reconstruction (RIR) using optimum
currents is proposed. It states that conductivity distribution should be reconstructed
for a region rather than for the whole body. Applying current injection principles
and RIR provides reasonable improvement in image quality when there is noise in
the measurement data. For the square geometry, when SNR is 13dB, RIR provides
decrement of nearly %50 in conductivity error rate of small inhomogeneity. Pulse
sequence optimization is done for Gradient Echo (GE) and it is compared with Spin
Echo (SE) in terms of their capabilities for MREIT.