Academic literature on the topic 'Pattern-making validation'

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Journal articles on the topic "Pattern-making validation"

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Zhu, Yan, Yan Cui, Lu Zhang, and Yong Mei Liu. "Automatic Pattern Generation of Female Pants Based on Garment CAD." Advanced Materials Research 627 (December 2012): 510–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.627.510.

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Abstract. This article studies on automatic pattern generation of female pants. The authors analyze and summarize the structure of the female pants, and divide plants into different units. Then the authors extract shape and structure factors form the every element of plants, parameterize the factors, build modules with Modasoft system. At last, the authors test the validation of every module by changing the value of variables, and combines operation of different modules. These modules save the time of pattern-making significantly and improve efficiency. With these modules, technical personnel avoid large number of repetitive work. The automatic pattern generation is the trend of garment CAD.
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Zhang, Liang. "A Pattern-Recognition-Based Ensemble Data Imputation Framework for Sensors from Building Energy Systems." Sensors 20, no. 20 (October 21, 2020): 5947. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20205947.

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Building operation data are important for monitoring, analysis, modeling, and control of building energy systems. However, missing data is one of the major data quality issues, making data imputation techniques become increasingly important. There are two key research gaps for missing sensor data imputation in buildings: the lack of customized and automated imputation methodology, and the difficulty of the validation of data imputation methods. In this paper, a framework is developed to address these two gaps. First, a validation data generation module is developed based on pattern recognition to create a validation dataset to quantify the performance of data imputation methods. Second, a pool of data imputation methods is tested under the validation dataset to find an optimal single imputation method for each sensor, which is termed as an ensemble method. The method can reflect the specific mechanism and randomness of missing data from each sensor. The effectiveness of the framework is demonstrated by 18 sensors from a real campus building. The overall accuracy of data imputation for those sensors improves by 18.2% on average compared with the best single data imputation method.
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Fernandes, Carina, Ana Ribeiro Gonçalves, Rita Pasion, Fernando Ferreira-Santos, Tiago Oliveira Paiva, Joana Melo e Castro, Fernando Barbosa, Isabel Pavão Martins, and João Marques-Teixeira. "European Portuguese adaptation and validation of dilemmas used to assess moral decision-making." Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy 40, no. 1 (April 5, 2018): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2237-6089-2017-0022.

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Abstract Objective To adapt and validate a widely used set of moral dilemmas to European Portuguese, which can be applied to assess decision-making. Moreover, the classical formulation of the dilemmas was compared with a more focused moral probe. Finally, a shorter version of the moral scenarios was tested. Methods The Portuguese version of the set of moral dilemmas was tested in 53 individuals from several regions of Portugal. In a second study, an alternative way of questioning on moral dilemmas was tested in 41 participants. Finally, the shorter version of the moral dilemmas was tested in 137 individuals. Results Results evidenced no significant differences between English and Portuguese versions. Also, asking whether actions are “morally acceptable” elicited less utilitarian responses than the original question, although without reaching statistical significance. Finally, all tested versions of moral dilemmas exhibited the same pattern of responses, suggesting that the fundamental elements to the moral decision-making were preserved. Conclusions We found evidence of cross-cultural validity for moral dilemmas. However, the moral focus might affect utilitarian/deontological judgments.
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Yosanti, Anggia Sekarini. "PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA VIDEO PEMBELAJARAN PEMBUATAN POLA DASAR BADAN WANITA DENGAN SISTEM DRAPING." KELUARGA: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Kesejahteraan Keluarga 5, no. 2 (November 22, 2019): 410. http://dx.doi.org/10.30738/keluarga.v5i2.5158.

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Purose of the study to find out the steps to delevlop videomedia making body pattern woman with draping system. Research development using team theory puslijaknov which includes 5 stages namely product analsyis to be developed, develop the intial product, validation exprest and revisions, small scale trials and revisions, large-scale trials and products end. Reserarch instruments use sheet use of media in learning. Techique descriptive analysis. Research result shows the development of video media learning through: product analysis that is requirements for the type of developments. Step observations to reveal the use of the syllabus analysis and analysis of developing media, the intial product is the process of making a video validation process for experst to find out the feasibility of the media, test small scale implementation of learning use video that was revoked 2 observer with good results, large scale test implementation of learning using video which was observed by observers with the results are very good.
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Chidlow, Justin A., Colin A. Simpfendorfer, and Garry R. Russ. "Variable growth band deposition leads to age and growth uncertainty in the western wobbegong shark, Orectolobus hutchinsi." Marine and Freshwater Research 58, no. 9 (2007): 856. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf06249.

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Age and growth parameters of Orectolobus hutchinsi were estimated using micro-radiographs of sectioned vertebrae from 182 wild caught individuals. Two fluorochrome marker dyes, calcein and oxytetracycline, were used to validate the timing and periodicity of vertebral band formation in nine individuals held in the laboratory for between 423 and 472 days. Growth bands were difficult to interpret and final counts were obtained from only 98 (53.8%) individuals ranging in total length (TL) from 63 to 146 cm. The timing of growth band formation in the vertebrae of captive animals had no predictable temporal pattern, with formation occurring during all seasons of the year, making age validation difficult. Growth band formation was hypothesised to be influenced by non-periodic changes in centrum or somatic growth rather than seasonal growth, as observed in many other elasmobranch species. Growth rates of nine O. hutchinsi held in captivity varied considerably, ranging from 3.5 cm year–1 to 13.8 cm year–1 in total length (mean = 7.03 cm year–1). Although the periodicity of vertebral band formation in captive animals did not support a synchronous annual pattern, captive growth rates matched those predicted when an annual band pattern was assumed for wild caught individuals. Von Bertalanffy growth parameters estimated from vertebral analysis assuming an annual banding pattern and a mean size of birth of 24.1 cm were: L∞ = 149.45 cm and K = 0.117 year–1 for both sexes combined. These results illustrate the fundamental importance of validating the periodicity of growth band formation in elasmobranch age and growth studies as it has considerable implications for the management of fisheries that exploit shark and ray species that may exhibit asynchronous growth band deposition.
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Ang, Soon, Linn Van Dyne, Christine Koh, K. Yee Ng, Klaus J. Templer, Cheryl Tay, and N. Anand Chandrasekar. "Cultural Intelligence: Its Measurement and Effects on Cultural Judgment and Decision Making, Cultural Adaptation and Task Performance." Management and Organization Review 3, no. 3 (November 2007): 335–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8784.2007.00082.x.

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We enhance the theoretical precision of cultural intelligence (CQ: capability to function effectively in culturally diverse settings) by developing and testing a model that posits differential relationships between the four CQ, dimensions (metacognitive, cognitive, motivational and behavioural) and three intercultural effectiveness outcomes (cultural judgment and decision making, cultural adaptation and task performance in culturally diverse settings). Before testing the model, we describe development and cross-validation (N = 1,360) of the multidimensional cultural intelligence scale (CQS) across samples, time and country. We then describe three substantive studies (N = 794) in field and educational development settings across two national contexts, the USA and Singapore. The results demonstrate a consistent pattern of relationships where metacognitive CQ and cognitive CQ predicted cultural judgment and decision making; motivational CQ and behavioural CQ predicted cultural adaptation; and metacognitive CQ and behavioural CQ predicted task performance. We discuss theoretical and practical implications of our model and findings.
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Wang, Tao, and Hai Chen. "Parcel-Level Land Use Decision-Making of Farmers is Influenced by Neighborhood, Kinship, and Socioeconomic Conditions." Applied Mechanics and Materials 651-653 (September 2014): 1205–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.651-653.1205.

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Farmers are the direct users of agricultural land and their decision-making affects the agricultural landscape pattern. The influencing factors for farmer land use decision-making were studied, and a method for elucidating the micro-mechanism of the multi-agent and cellular automata models was proposed. Mengcha village is located in Mizhi County of Shaanxi Province in northwest China. The neighborhoods in the village, as well as the kinship networks and socioeconomic conditions of the farmers, were chosen for the calculation of neighborhood similarity (NBSLY), kinship similarity (KSSLY), and socioeconomic similarity (SESLY). At the parcel level, planted crops figure importantly in farmer decision-making and are expressed by parcel similarity (PCSLY). On the basis of the similarity values and two-dimensional tables of NBSLY-PCSLY, KSSLY-PCSLY, and SESLY-PCSLY, (1) NBSLY was weakly correlated with farmer decision-making (PCSLY), which did not diminish with distance between neighboring buildings in the village. (2) For KSSLY, brotherhood accounted for a considerable proportion of decision-making with 68.92% of brotherhoods having similar or pre-similar decision-making. KSSLY imposed considerable influence on farmer decision-making. (3) Farmer decision-making was correlated with SESLY. With increasing SESLY, PCSLY showed an increasing then decreasing tendency. The 2007 results were verified using 2008 data, and the validation yielded identical results for these years. Farmer decision-making is the result of interaction among many factors, and the comprehensive exploration of this issue necessitates support by detailed micro-data.
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Kicklighter, Taz, Mary Barnum, Paul R. Geisler, and Malissa Martin. "Validation of the Quantitative Diagnostic Thinking Inventory for Athletic Training: A Pilot Study." Athletic Training Education Journal 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/110158.

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Context: The cognitive process of making a clinical decision lies somewhere on a continuum between novices using hypothetico-deductive reasoning and experts relying more on case pattern recognition. Although several methods exist for measuring facets of clinical reasoning in specific situations, none have been experimentally applied, as of yet, to the profession of athletic training. The Diagnostic Thinking Inventory (DTI) has been used with medical doctors and medical students to determine their level of clinical reasoning as it applies to diagnosis making. Objective: To validate the DTI for Athletic Training (DTI-AT) and associated interview questions for use in the field of athletic training. Design: Mixed methodology. Setting: Online inventory and Skype-based interviews. Patients or Other Participants: Convenience sample of 25 senior-level athletic training students. Main Outcome Measure(s): Participants completed an online version of the DTI-AT which rated clinical reasoning tendencies on a 6-point Likert-type scale. Quantitative analysis consisted of determining means and ranges of scores along with reliability of total scores and subset scores. Randomly selected participants were interviewed online in order to provide validity of interview questions that were used to determine personal and professional activities that are either thought to enhance or hinder clinical reasoning. A secondary purpose was to solicit specific feedback that may enhance our understanding of the modified DTI. Results: A strong reliability was found for total DTI (r(41) = 0.846) and an acceptable reliability for flexibility in thinking (r(21) = 0.731) and structure of memory (r(20) = 0.771). Conclusions: The modifications of the DTI-AT demonstrated strong reliability and face validity. The DTI-AT may be an effective tool for determining clinical reasoning of athletic training students.
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Yan, Aijun, Hairuo Song, and Pu Wang. "Case-Based Reasoning Model with Genetic Algorithms, Group Decision-Making and Template Reduction." International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools 25, no. 02 (April 2016): 1550032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218213015500323.

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Case retrieval, case reuse and case retention are critical to the reasoning performance of the traditional case-based reasoning (CBR) model. In this paper, the integrated use of template reduction technology (TR), genetic algorithms (GA), nearest neighbor (NN) rules and group decision-making (GDM) establishes the CBR-GDM model. First, the TR method of the case base is introduced. Then, an attribute weights optimization using GA is discussed in the case retrieval phase. After that, a case reuse method is carried out with NN and GDM. Finally, 10 data sets from UCI are used to carry out a comparison experiment by 5-fold cross-validation. The classification accuracy rate and the classification efficiency are analyzed under the small samples, before and after the data reduction. The results show that, combined with TR, GA and GDM, the pattern classification performance by CBR can be improved.
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Gaur, Shishir, K. Srinivasa Raju, D. Nagesh Kumar, and Mayank Bajpai. "Multicriterion decision making in groundwater planning." Journal of Hydroinformatics 23, no. 3 (March 4, 2021): 627–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2021.122.

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Abstract The groundwater planning problems are often multiobjective. Due to conflicting objectives and non-linearity of the variables involved, several feasible solutions may have to be evolved rather than single optimal solution. In this study, the simulation model built on an Analytic Element Method (AEM) and the optimization model built on a Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) were coupled and applied to study a part of the Dore river catchment, France. The maximization of discharge, the minimization of pumping cost and the minimization of piping cost are the three objectives considered. 2105 non-dominated groundwater planning strategies were generated. K-Means cluster analysis was employed to classify the strategies, and clustering was performed for 3 to 25 clusters. A cluster validation technique, namely Davies–Bouldin (DB) index, was employed to find the optimal number of clusters of groundwater strategies which were found to be 20. Multicriterion Decision-Making (MCDM) techniques, namely VIKOR and TOPSIS, were developed to rank the 20 representative strategies. Both these decision-making techniques preferred representative strategy A5 (piping cost, pumping cost and discharge respectively of 880,000 Euro, 679,000 Euro and 1,263.1 m3/s). The sensitivity analysis of parameter v in VIKOR suggested that there were changes in ranking pattern for various values of v. However, the first position remained unchanged.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pattern-making validation"

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Boldt, Rachel Sager. "Contribuições dos sistemas CAD 3D no processo de validação do produto de moda." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/60182.

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Dissertação de mestrado em Design e Marketing de Produto Têxtil, Vestuário e Acessórios
A modelação é a ponte entre a ideia e a materialização do produto. Consiste também no processo que confere aspetos relacionados à qualidade da construção da roupa, assim como a padronização industrial e de fabricação do vestuário. Com isso, validar o trabalho do modelista é fundamental para o sucesso do produto. Os programas informáticos CAD 3D, dedicados ao vestuário, pretendem auxiliar o desenvolvimento de protótipos. Estes prometem validar ideias e antever problemas relacionados ao fit, à estética desejada e ao conforto ergonómico, sem a necessidade da confeção física dos produtos. Contudo, este artifício é ainda considerado recente, restrito e em constante evolução. Adicionalmente, não contam com parâmetros internacionalmente aceites no que tange a fidelidade das simulações e dos resultados obtidos. Diante destes factos, esta dissertação de mestrado teve como principal objetivo explorar as capacidades dos sistemas CAD 3D, utilizando o software Clo 3D, para avaliação de inconsistências na modelação de vestuário. Para tal, foi adotado o procedimento experimental de desenho diferencial, que comparou os protótipos produzidos mediante a manipulação de erros intencionais nos desenhos de modelação. Os resultados se mostraram relevantes na medida em que o software conseguiu representar os erros de forma semelhante aos protótipos físicos. A representação dos erros associados ao aperto se mostrou eficiente e objetiva, em contraponto, os erros que não afetaram a vestibilidade, foram representados subjetivamente. Adicionalmente, o software não foi capaz de indicar a origem dos problemas nos protótipos, fazendo-se necessário conhecimento preliminar em modelação tradicional. Quando comparados os protótipos físicos e virtuais com iguais características, foi possível verificar diferenças no cair e no volume das peças devido a inconformidade do tecido simulado. Concluiu-se que, apesar dos sistemas oferecerem parâmetros refinados para a simulação dos tecidos, o procedimento de coleta dos dados atua de forma parcial, fazendo-se necessário a ampliação da metodologia de coleta e validação das simulações dos tecidos.
The pattern-making is the bridge between the idea and the materialization of the product. It is the central process that provides aspects related to the quality of the construction of clothing, as well as the technical standardization and manufacturing of garments. Thus, validating the work of the patternmaker is critical to the success of the product. The 3D CAD software dedicated to clothing, aims to assist the development of prototypes. Avoiding in a first stage of the process, the physical manufacture of the products, permitting to validate ideas of the creator and predict problems related to the fit and the desired aesthetic and ergonomic comfort. However, this technology is recent and in a constant evolution. Its industrial use is still on a very small scale and without internationally accepted bases regarding the validity of the results. This master thesis has the main objective to explore the capabilities of 3D CAD using the Clo 3D software, and to evaluate inconsistencies in garment pattern design. For this, the experimental procedure of differential design was adopted, that compared the prototypes produced based on the manipulation of intentional errors on pattern-making drawings. The results showed to be relevant, in that the software was able to represent the errors similarly to the physical prototype. The representation of the pattern design errors associated with the tightening showed to be more efficient and objective. However, pattern design errors that do not affect the wearability, were not objectively represented. In addition, the 3d cad system does not indicate the origin of the problem, being necessary the knowledge of traditional pattern making process. When comparing the physical and virtual prototypes, it was possible to verify differences in the fall and volume provided by unconformities of fabric simulation. Finally, although the systems provided refined parameters for fabric simulation, the procedure for data collection was partial, thus, requiring improving the methodology for gathering the data and the validation of fabric simulation.
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Conference papers on the topic "Pattern-making validation"

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Rajavendra Reddy, Gaurav, Jin Wallner, Katherina Babich, and Yiorgos Makris. "Pattern Matching Rule Ranking Through Design of Experiments and Silicon Validation." In ISTFA 2018. ASM International, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2018p0443.

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Abstract Continued technology scaling has led to exposure of many ‘weak-points’ in the designs fabricated in some of the most advanced technology nodes. Weak-points are certain layout patterns which are found to be sensitive to process non-idealities and have a higher tendency to cause defects. They may be coded in the form of Pattern Matching (PM) rules and included within the Design for Manufacturability Guidelines (DFMGs) to ensure product manufacturability. Often, during Integrated Circuit (IC) design, a trade-off is made between meeting performance specifications and complying with DFMGs. As a result, designs may reach the foundry with some DFMG violations. Fixing such violations generally causes a ‘ripple effect’ where one change requires many changes in other metal layers, making the process tedious. Therefore, providing a ranked list of guidelines to the designers helps them in assessing the criticality of violations, prioritizing, and fixing them accordingly. Past research suggests using diagnosis data to determine the impact of DFMG violations. However, this is a reactive approach wherein DFMGs are ranked only based on their hard-defect causing nature. To make the ranking process more robust, we propose a proactive silicon validation based approach which not only considers the yield loss due to hard-defects but also takes into account the parametric and reliability degradation caused by DFMG violations. We evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology through on-silicon experiments on an advanced Fully-Depleted Silicon-On-Insulator (FD-SOI) technology node.
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Andreini, A., C. Bianchini, E. Burberi, B. Facchini, R. Abram, D. Licata, and G. Spataro. "Flowfield and Heat Transfer Numerical Analysis of a Stator Vane Endwall With High Freestream Turbulence." In ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2015-42489.

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Among the different parts subjected to hot gas flow, endwall heat transfer evaluation is particularly challenging because the flow is strongly affected by secondary effects. Large three-dimensional flow structures introduce remarkable spatial variation of heat transfer, both along streamwise and spanwise directions, making the use of simplified modelling approaches questionable in terms of reliability, and at the same time increasing the challenge for high fidelity computational methods. The aim of the present contribution is to describe the work done in the assessment of computational methods for the estimate of high pressure vane endwall heat transfer for industrial applications. Efforts were first devoted to the development and validation of an accurate computational procedure against a large set of aerodynamic and heat transfer data, available from literature, for both airfoil and endwall of a low-pressure linear cascade with low and high inlet turbulence levels. The analysis, focused on steady state computations, is principally devoted to the turbulence modelling assessment, including non-linear turbulence closure as well as transition modelling. Obtained results showed that the aerodynamics of both passage and endwall are well captured independently of the turbulence modelling while a large impact on both pattern and averaged value is verified for the heat transfer.
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Eidt, Henrique K., Carolina C. Rodrigues, Rafael Dunaiski, César Y. Ofuchi, Flávio Neves, Paulo H. D. Santos, and Rigoberto E. M. Morales. "Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Vertical Ascendant Liquid-Gas Flow Under Action of Centrifugal and Gravitational Fields." In ASME 2017 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2017-69276.

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Two-phase flows are commonly found in the extraction and production of petroleum and the separation process involving the liquid gaseous phases has great importance. The separators used for this purpose have usually high separation efficiency, however their large dimensions make difficult the construction, installation and maintenance of these equipment in offshore applications. An alternative to reduce the dimensions of these systems is to use a distribution method that can divide the flow, making it possible to use more than one separator. This distributor ideally will produce flow rates equitably distributed across all outlets. The distribution system proposed in this work has a cyclonic chamber, where a vertical ascendant liquid film flow occurs under the action of centrifugal and gravitational fields. This study aims to analyze the development and behavior of the liquid film flow and the efficiency of the distribution system as a function of the liquid and gas flow rates, using an experimental setup and CFD simulations performed with the software ANSYS-CFX 15.0. For the experimental setup a Wire-mesh sensor with 12×12 wires and two others with 8×8 wires were used in order to analyze the variation of the thickness of the liquid film formed in the cyclonic chamber and evaluate the flow pattern at the inlet of the system. In the numerical study, a three-dimensional hybrid mesh was constructed, using the Eulerian-Eulerian two fluid model coupled with the compressive discretization scheme to capture the liquid-gas interface, the Shear Stress Transport (SST) turbulence model and the finite volume based on finite elements. It was possible to carry out a numerical model validation through a comparison with the experimental data. The development of this numerical model might help the advance of new technologies applied in the petroleum industry and this study is focused on area that lacks more studies related to vertical ascendant liquid film flows under centrifugal and gravitational field effects.
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Winter, Kyle M., Steven B. Herschbein, Carmelo F. Scrudato, and Brian L. Yates. "Forming Discrete Components on an Integrated Circuit Utilizing Focused Ion Beam Direct Write Capabilities." In ISTFA 2019. ASM International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2019p0204.

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Abstract Focused Ion Beam (FIB) circuit edit allows for rapid prototyping of potential semiconductor design changes without the need to run a full manufacturing cycle in a semiconductor Fab. By FIB editing a completed module, thorough testing on the bench or in a full system can be achieved. Logic can be toggled, validation of speed enhancements performed, and constructive and destructive failure analysis can be enabled. In order to fulfill all the needs of clients in a rapidly evolving SOC driven market, simply modifying existing devices by “rewiring” circuits is becoming insufficient. Often the team is tasked with making very repeatable structures to aid the circuit analysis group. These include relatively precise resistors for tuning RF circuits (part of an RC network), adding known loads or delays, et cetera. Naturally resistive FIB deposited metal lines connected to the existing circuitry can be used in this capacity. FIB chip edit is considered to be a “Direct Write” process. The beam pattern in conjunction with process gases defines the regions of milling and deposition. Unfortunately, FIB edit is rarely an exact science. In many cases, a number of characteristics seem to be outside the realm of precise repeatable control. This is evident not only in individual tool operational logs but also in FIB tool matching, where maintaining identical system performance within the lab is difficult or nearly impossible. These characteristics are highly dependent on precursor reservoir composition and flow, surface adsorption conditions, beam patterning integrity, and the total interaction space of competing back sputtering during the new material structure formation. Due to these factors, the shape, composition and electrical performance of metal and insulator depositions vary over an often unacceptable range. As a result, we were not meeting the needs of some critical customer applications. Direct written precision resistive structures displayed several issues for which iterative edits were required to compensate for variability. When attempting to create an exact resistance, this process was not reliable, nor was it repeatable enough for accurate circuit performance trimming. Space-constrained serpentine resistors or multiple discrete resistors side-by-side showed the greatest process variability. Metal deposition processes tend to be somewhat self-limiting, so thick boxprofile lines are difficult to form. Conductive material deposited outside of the pattern definition (overspray) results in line-to-line leakages. Attempts to remove the overspray thru ion beam assisted etch-back tends to damage the deposited conductors and underlying insulators. The low-k region between lines can become cross-linked, experience gallium doping, and become tungsten impregnated. This lowered the resistivity of the insulator, increased the resistivity of the conductor, and produced variability in the device which was especially an issue when dealing with varying initial substrates. GLOBALFOUNDRIES began a project to create a more robust repeatable resistive structure by removing several variables. Rather than direct writing lines onto a top surface layer, a confined deposition based on the concepts of dual damascene processing used with copper layers in modern semiconductor fabrication will be employed. The damascene process begins with the definition of a box to be filled with a conductive material. The process of ion beam gas assisted anisotropic etching/milling has a far more predictable outcome than ion beam induced deposition. It is possible to create a surface box mill or even a deep drilled via of desired dimensions with a more consistent repeatability. Deposition of tungsten into a confined region using, for example, a W(CO)6 precursor and a Ga+ ion beam results in an excellent via fill. Using this behavior, precision resistors can be created with metal deposition within the trenches which are created by the gas assisted mill. An enclosed space can be filled nearly void-free, and has repeatable electrical parameters. The self-limiting factors with tungsten deposition go away as sputtered material becomes trapped within the well resulting in a near limitless Zheight potential. The constant dielectric with a uniform and contained tungsten fill can allow for a well-defined resistivity for the FIB deposited tungsten material. Having a known resistivity, calculation of dimensions for resistive and inductive structures during the design process becomes feasible. With process variability under control, structures can be formed reliably enough to offer this as a service to customers.
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Herschbein, Steven B., Kyle M. Winter, Carmelo F. Scrudato, Brian L. Yates, Edward S. Hermann, and John Carulli. "FinFET Transistor Output Drive Performance Modification by Focused Ion Beam (FIB) Chip Circuit Editing." In ISTFA 2020. ASM International, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2020p0122.

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Abstract Focused Ion Beam (FIB) chip circuit editing is a well-established highly specialized laboratory technique for making direct changes to the functionality of integrated circuits. A precisely tuned and placed ion beam in conjunction with process gases selectively uncovers internal circuitry, create functional changes in devices or the copper wiring pattern, and reseals the chip surface. When executed within reasonable limits, the revised circuit logic functions essentially the same as if the changes were instead made to the photomasks used to fabricate the chip. The results of the intended revision, however, can be obtained weeks or months earlier than by a full fabrication run. Evaluating proposed changes through FIB modification rather than proceeding immediately to mask changes has become an integral part of the process for bringing advanced designs to market at many companies. The end product of the FIB process is the very essence of handcrafted prototyping. The efficacy of the FIB technique faces new challenges with every generation of fabrication process node advancement. Ever shrinking geometries and new material sets have always been a given as transistor size decreases and overall packing density increases. The biggest fundamental change in recent years was the introduction of the FinFET as a replacement for the venerable planar transistor. Point to point wiring change methodology has generally followed process scaling, but transistor deletions or modifications with the change to Fins require a somewhat different approach and much more careful control due to the drastic change in height and shape. We also had to take into consideration the importance of the 4th terminal, the body-tie, that is often lost in backside editing. Some designs and FET technology can function acceptably well when individual devices are no longer connected to the bulk substrate or well, while others can suffer from profound shifts in performance. All this presents a challenge given that the primary beam technology improvements of the fully configured chip edit FIB has only evolved incrementally during the same time period. The gallium column system appears to be reaching its maximum potential. Further, as gallium is a p-type metal dopant, there are limitations to its use in close proximity to certain active semiconductor devices. Amorphous material formation and other damage mechanisms that extend beyond what can be seen visually when endpointing must also be taken into account [1]. Device switching performance and even transmission line characteristics of nearby wiring levels can be impacted by material structural changes from implantation cascades. Last year our lab participated in a design validation exercise in which we were asked to modify the drive of a multi-finger FinFET device structure to reduce its switching speed impact on a circuit. The original sized device pulled the next node in the chain too fast, resulting in a timing upset. Deleting whole structures and bridging over/around them is commonly done, but modifications to the physical size of an FET device is a rare request and generally not attempted. It requires a level of precision in beam control and post-edit treatment that can be difficult to execute cleanly. Once again during a complex edit task we considered the use of an alternate ion beam species such as neon, or reducing the beam energy (low kV) on the gallium tool. Unfortunately, we don’t yet have easy access to a versatile viable replacement column technology grafted to a fully configured edit station. And while there should be significantly reduced implant damage and transistor functional change when a gallium column FIB is operated at lower accelerating potential [2], the further loss of visual acuity due to the reduced secondary emission, especially when combined with ultra-low beam currents, made fast and accurate navigation near impossible. We instead chose the somewhat unconventional approach of using an ultra-low voltage electron beam to do much of the navigation and surface marking prior to making the final edits with the gallium ion beam in a dual-beam FIB tool. Once we had resolved how to accurately navigate to the transistors in question and expose half of the structure without disturbing the body-tie, we were able to execute the required cut to trim away 50% of the structure and reduce the effective drive. Several of the FIB modified units functioned per the design parameters of a smaller sized device, giving confidence to proceed with the revised mask set. To our surprise, the gallium beam performed commendably well in this most difficult task. While we still believe that an inert beam of similar characteristics would be preferable, this work indicates that gallium columns are still viable at the 14 nm FinFET node for even the most rigorous of editing requirements. It also showed that careful application of e-beam imaging on the exposed underside of FinFET devices could be performed without degrading or destroying them.
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Sadewo, Erie, Delik Hudalah, Ibnu Syabri, and Pradono Pradono. "Deciding Where to Live in The Suburb: Linking Utility-Maximization and Residential Mobility in Polycentric Urban Region Context." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/fmem3929.

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Abstract:
In a polycentric urban structure, the commuting pattern which was traditionally directed from the suburban to CBD, is becoming more complex with increasing reverse- and cross-commuting activities. This paper is aimed to provide empirical evidence which validating the importance of utility-maximizing parameters, derived from the monocentric model, in the context of post-suburbanized polycentric urban region. It questioning to which extent of different residential mobility between municipalities could be linked to the variation of such parameters. Focusing on the frontier areas of Jakarta Metropolitan Area (JMA), Indonesia, each municipality within the region is treated as a Decision-Making Unit which intend to maximizing co-location between residential and employment uses. Using the data from the 2017 National Socio-Economic Survey (SUSENAS), the analysis was simply taken by comparing the aggregative-mean of income, housing-cost and transportation cost data from each municipal in JMAs periphery. The Data Envelope Analysis (DEA) was used for measure how these utility-maximizing parameters related with inter-suburban migration flows. The results show that housing cost is the only utility which still has significant impact in polycentric setting. Moreover, the area with lowest utility value tends to be the most efficient in attracting in-migrant. It implies that residential mobility within suburban areas does not motivated by lower housing or transportation cost, nor to get near to major employment location. Thus, workers heterogeneity and behavioral aspect may have played bigger role in residential mobility of polycentric urban setting.
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