Dissertations / Theses: 'Patterns de mobilité'

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Du, Mouza Cédric. "Patterns de mobilité." Paris, CNAM, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CNAM0515.

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Dans cette thèse j'envisage une approche originale de gestion des requêtes comme un processus traitant des événements (par exemple l'entrée dans une zone) liés aux déplacements des objets sur une représentation discrète de l'espace. Une requête se présente alors comme une séquence d'événements élémentaires donnés explicitement ou non. Nous introduisons les patterns de mobilité comme des expressions décrivant de telles séquences d'événements. Nous avons étudié essentiellement deux aspects dans ce cadre : comparaison et agrégation de trajectoires d'objets mobiles, avec prise en compte éventuellement d'un espace multi-échelle ; classification en ligne de trajectoires mises à jour continuellement par des outils GPS. Pour chacun des aspects abordés, nous proposons un modèle et une technique d'évaluation s'appuyant sur des algorithmes de recherche de patterns. Un prototype valide nos optimisations
In this thesis I investigate an original approach, namely the management of queries as a process relying on events (for instance, an object enters a zone) related to the moves of objects over a discrete representation of the underlying space. A query is thus a sequence of primitive events. We introduce mobility patterns as expressions describing such sequences of events. In the present paper we examine specifically the following aspects of this framework : comparison and aggregation of moving objects trajectories, with respect to, eventually, a multi-scale map ; on-line classification of trajectories continuously provided by GPS-like devices. For each aspect, we propose a model and an evaluation technique based on pattern-matching algorithms. A prototype validates our optimizations

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Chretien, Julie. "Rôle de la mobilité dans la maîtrise d’un quotidien complexe." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1058/document.

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Les sociologues s’accordent pour constater l’émergence de nouveaux rapports au temps, mais débattent des marges de manœuvre différenciées dont disposent les individus face à ces phénomènes. L’hypothèse que la vitesse de déplacement puisse être un levier est confortée par les études montrant que nos sociétés ont maîtrisé l’espace-temps grâce à l’amélioration des transports d’information et de marchandises. Cependant, peu de travaux empiriques abordent le sujet à l’échelle de l’individu. Cette thèse, qui repose sur une combinaison de méthodes qualitatives et quantitatives, a pour objectif de compléter ces recherches à travers l’étude des modes de transport utilisés et des pratiques spatiales quotidiennes en Île-de-France. Cette approche micro-sociale montre que l’augmentation du nombre et de la durée des activités hors du domicile n’est pas corrélée à une hausse des vitesses, mais à une diminution des distances parcourues pour se rendre à certaines activités. Ceci s’explique par les logiques de localisation des activités des individus. Pour celles auxquelles ils accordent de la valeur, ils maximisent la qualité de la destination, ce qui passe par l’utilisation de modes motorisés rapides. Pour les activités secondaires, ils minimisent leur temps de trajet en les localisant à proximité d’activités structurantes, ce qui induit l’usage de modes plus lents. Comme l’articulation entre ces deux logiques est plus aisée dans Paris qu’en banlieue, l’adoption d’un rythme de vie plus élevé et d’une planification plus souple y est facilitée. Plus que l’accès à la vitesse, ce sont les territoires de résidence qui induisent des disparités dans les marges de manœuvre face au temps
Times studies agree on the fact that our society is currently undergoing changes in terms of pace of life, but debates arise as to the uniformity of such changes within the population and individuals’ scope of action in the face of said phenomena. Given that society as a whole mastered time and space through the rise of transport speed, one is tempted to assume that it is also the case on the individual level. However, few empirical studies have taken it upon themselves to analyze the impact of speed in daily mobility on individuals’ pace of life. Using a combination of statistical analysis and in-depth interviews, this thesis aims at providing supplementary insight into the topic by analyzing transport modes and mobility patterns of inhabitants of the Greater Paris region. Through this micro-social analysis, we show that the more out-of-home activities people do, the lower their average speed in the course of a day is, whilst the average distance to a destination also decreases. This can be explained by the way they choose their destinations. For activities which are meaningful to them, they maximize the utility of their destination by using fast transport modes. For ancillary activities, they minimize travel time by locating them in the direct vicinity of their high-value activities, which prompts the use of slower modes. Finally, we show that the combination of these two rationales is easier in the center than in the suburbs, thus facilitating a high pace of life and more improvised schedules in the former. Hence, more than access to speed, it is residential location which induces disparities between people in their ability to deal with time demands

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Minster, Clotilde. "L'exception des espaces ruraux français questionnée : des formes de mobilités singulières ?" Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010597.

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Ce travail s’inscrit dans le contexte d’un accroissement des populations dans les espaces peu denses et l’accroissement des distances domicile-travail (Hubert 2009). Cette conjonction de facteurs laissait supposer une non-durabilité notamment en raison des mobilités présumées accrues (DATAR 2003). Pour apporter une contribution à cette interrogation, nous avons, à l’ide de la Base Permanente des Equipements, examiné l’accessibilité à différents services de soins, et, en contre-points, à une piscine, une banque et une école de conduite. Nous avons ensuite examiné les schèmes de mobilité grâce aux données de l’Enquête Nationale Transports et Déplacements. Nous relativisons l’influence du territoire sur les comportements de mobilité. Après avoir présenté des explications possibles, nous proposons des pistes de politiques publiques
This thesis has been prepared in view of the increasing share of the population living in low-density areas, and the related increase in commuting distances (Hubert 2009). The result of the interplay between these factors may well be interpreted as an unsustainable development path, especially due to the supposedly increased level of mobility (DATAR 2003). To contribute to the discussion on these topics, this thesis examines the accessibility of various social services and other facilities, using data from the French facilities database. It then analyzes mobility patterns within the sample population using data of the French national travel survey. The analysis shows a weak influence of space characteristics on mobility behaviours. Following a discussion of possible explanations for the findings, the thesis offers potential directions for public policy to address these issues

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Bocquet, Aurélien. "Infrastructure logicielle multi-modèles pour l'accès à des services en mobilité." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10132/document.

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Les intergiciels sont aujourd'hui incontournables lorsqu'il s'agit de développer des applications réparties. Chaque conception requiert des outils adaptés et performants. De plus, leur contexte de déploiement nécessite des mécanismes particuliers afin de s'y adapter. Pour cela, les intergiciels proposent des modèles de programmation et de communication différents, fournissant des moyens de communication efficaces dans certaines situations. En mobilité, l'interopérabilité devient inévitable, et le contexte varie. Cette thèse traite des impératifs d'un intergiciel en mobilité. Nous proposons ainsi une approche multi-modèles, basée sur les travaux actuels dans ce domaine, et présentant des concepts novateurs. Cette approche se compose d'un modèle de programmation générique et d'une combinaison de modèles de communication. Des politiques d'adaptation définissent les règles de combinaison des modèles en fonction d'observations du contexte, et des mécanismes d'adaptation dynamique permettent de prendre en compte en temps réelle contexte, et de reconfigurer le système pendant son exécution. Nous avons validé notre approche au travers d'une application concrète aux problèmes engendrés par l'utilisation d'un proxy Internet à bord des trains: le développement d'un greffon multi-modèles a illustré et justifié notre approche, et l'évaluation de ce greffon a montré les bénéfices de celle-ci face aux changements de contexte. Nous avons également conçu et développé notre infrastructure logicielle multi-modèles, proposant tous les concepts cités, et permettant ainsi de profiter des bénéfices de notre approche multi-modèles
The middlewares are nowadays unavoidable when developing dlstributed applications. Every design needs adapted and efficient· tools. ln addition, their context of deployment needs special mechanisms in order to adapt to it. To do so, the middlewares offer different programming and communication models, supplying efficient ways to communicate in some situations. ln mobility, interoperability becomes unavoidable, and the context changes. This thesis deals with the requirements of a middleware in mobility. We thus propose a multi-model approach, based on the current works in this domain, and presenting innovative concepts. This approach is composed by a generic programming model and by a combination of communication models. Adaptation policies define the rules of combination of models, regarding context observations and dynamic adaptation mechanisms allow to handle the context in realtime, and to reconfigure the system when it is running. Our approach has been validated through a concrete application to problems caused by the use of an embedded Intemet proxy in trains: the design and development of a mufti-model graft iIIustrated and justified our approach, and the evaluation of this graft demonstrated the benefits of this approach via-a-vis the changes of context. We also designed and developed our multi-model software infrastructure, proposing ail these concepts, and thus allowing to benefit from our multi-model approach

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Ndiaye, Ibrahima. "Planification urbaine, localisation résidentielle et comportements de mobilité à Dakar, Sénégal." Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST1181.

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L'étude des comportements de mobilité est une thématique très peu investie dans les villes d'Afrique subsaharienne. Ces villes sont caractérisées par une croissance urbaine fulgurante avec comme corollaire un étalement spatial, des densités démographiques très élevées et une crise du secteur des transports dominé par les opérateurs artisanaux. Ces dynamiques, qui sont à l'origine de déséquilibres spatiaux, font que l'accès aux aménités urbaines devient très difficile pour les catégories de population les plus pauvres. A Dakar, les options d'aménagement ségrégationnistes prises par les autorités coloniales, l'inefficacité des instruments classiques de planification urbaine ainsi que la dérégulation du marché du foncier et de l'immobilier ont été à la base d'une dynamique de différenciation socio-spatiale. Ce travail de recherche, en faisant usage des méthodes d'analyse multidimensionnelle (Analyse en Composante Principale et Classification Ascendante Hiérarchique) et en se basant sur des enquêtes « ménages-déplacements » originales, se donne pour objectif d'analyser la dynamique ségrégative à Dakar et d'éclairer les liens existants entre la localisation résidentielle des ménages et les comportements de mobilité des individus dans un contexte urbain très changeant
The study of mobility behavior has not been well investigated in Sub-Saharan cities. These cities are characterized by rapid urban growth resulting in sprawl space, very high population densities and a crisis in transport sector which is dominated by craft operators. These dynamics, which are at the origin of spatial imbalances mean that access to urban amenities becomes very difficult for the poorest categories of the population. In Dakar, segregationist territorial management options taken in the past by colonial authorities, the ineffectiveness of traditional instruments of urban planning as well as disregulation of land market and real estate, have created a dynamic socio-spatial differentiation. This research project, by using multivariate analysis methods (Principal Component Analysis and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis) is based on original household travel surveys. Our objective is to analyze the dynamics of socio-spatial segregation in Dakar and illuminate the links between residential location and household mobility behavior in a changeable urban context

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Costantini, Hervé. "La mobilité sociale : Modèles et traces." Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00770978.

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L'avenir de la communication est perçu comme étant quasiment exclusivement constitué de nœuds mobiles évoluant dans un réseau mobile. Dans ce contexte, différentes approches contribuent continuellement à l'amélioration directe ou indirecte des délais d'acheminement des informations échangées entre les utilisateurs, dont :- l'analyse des traces;- l'évaluation des performances ;- les services de localisation;- le routage. Nous décrivons chacun de ses thèmes et proposons des solutions faisant évoluer l'état de l'art. Celles-ci prennent appui sur des méthodes et outils tels que :- les Réseaux de Petri, pour l'analyse des traces ;- les modèles de mobilité, pour l'évaluation des performances;- l'introduction du social dans les services de localisation;- la mise en place d'une nouvelle métrique pour le routage. Nous montrons comment ces solutions concourent de façon complémentaire les unes avec les autres, à améliorer l'expérience de l'utilisateur.

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Menin, Aline. "eSTIMe : un environnement de visualisation pour l'analyse multi-points de vue des mobilités quotidiennes." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALS010.

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Le domaine de recherche de la mobilité urbaine vise l'observation et la conception des déplacements humains dans un environnement urbain, dont les informations aident à la prise de décision et à la résolution de problèmes dans le cadre des politiques publiques. De nombreux experts - pas nécessairement spécialistes des transports - doivent traiter des données urbaines plus ou moins standardisées pour en extraire des connaissances synthétiques et facilement exploitables. De ce fait, les agences de transport public mènent couramment des enquêtes de déplacements pour recueillir des informations sur les déplacements quotidiens de la population sur un territoire donné, dont les jeux de données résultant sont larges et complexes en requierant une analyse qui croise les dimensions spatiales, temporelles, thématiques et socio-économiques pour permettre de découvrir les schémas spatio-temporels de la mobilité quotidienne. Dans ce contexte, la visualisation d'informations est une approche appropriée pour soutenir l'analyse des données de mobilité urbaine, puisque les analystes n'ont pas à apprendre des méthodes sophistiquées pour interpréter les visualisations de données qui viennent renforcer leur cognition et permettent la découverte d'aperçus non structurés dans les données.Ainsi, nous proposons un cadre de visualisation pour aider à l'analyse de la mobilité urbaine à travers des indicateurs décrivant des objets d'intérêt complémentaires au sein des données qui permettent d'aborder trois catégories de questions sous-jacentes au phénomène de la mobilité urbaine. Une première question est de savoir comment les habitants d'un territoire se déplacent au quotidien et quels processus d'échanges entre les lieux cela génère, ce qui l'on peut analyser par l'exploration des quantités, des modalités, de la direction et de la variation des flux et des déplacements en fonction des différents aspects socio-économiques des individus et des types d'espaces. Une deuxième question concerne la variation temporelle de la présence de la population sur un territoire, qui permet de comprendre l'utilisation de différents ``sours-espaces'' en tenant compte des caractéristiques socio-économiques des personnes qui s'y rendent et des activités qu'elles y exercent. La troisième question cherche à expliquer le besoin de déplacement des individus à travers l'ordre temporel des déplacements et des activités des individus (aussi nommés ``trajectoires quotidiennes'') dans le contexte spatial du territoire.Nous proposons un cadre visuel à l'aide de la dérivation et l'exploration visuelle d'indicateurs décrivant le territoire, les flux et les déplacements, et les trajectoires quotidiennes, sur de multiples granularités spatio-temporelles et attributs thématiques. Notre interface de visualisation permet de disperser les représentations visuelles sur de multiples tableaux de bords analytiques, permettant aux utilisateurs de personnaliser l'agencement spatial des visualisations et les indicateurs de manière significative en fonction de l'analyse en cours. De plus, nous proposons une interaction basée sur le mouvement, qui repose sur l'inclinaison d'une tablette et qui permet d'explorer la variation temporelle des indicateurs en tirant parti d'une entrée tactile et tangible. La conception de notre approche de visualisation a suivi un processus d'évaluation interactif qui comprend des évaluations successives auprès des utilisateurs visant à affiner un prototype afin d'atteindre la performance et la satisfaction de l'utilisateur
The research field of urban mobility aims at the observation and design of human trips within an urban environment, which information supports decision-making and problem solving within public policies. In this context, there are many experts -- not necessarily transportation specialists -- that need to handle more or less standardized urban data to extract synthetic and easily exploitable knowledge. Hence, public transportation agencies commonly conduct trip-based surveys to collect information about day-to-day travel of the population within a particular territory (i.e. where and when we travel), resulting in large and complex datasets which analysis requires crossing spatial, temporal, thematic and socioeconomic dimensions to enable discoveries of daily urban mobility patterns. This way, information visualization is a suitable approach to support the analysis of urban mobility data, since analysts do not have to learn sophisticated methods to interpret the data visualizations that come to reinforce their cognition and enable the discovery of unstructured insights within the data.Thereby, we propose a visualization framework to assist the analysis of urban mobility through indicators describing complementary objects of interest within the data that allow to address three categories of questions underlying the urban mobility phenomenon. A first question seeks to understand the daily traveling routine of a population and the resulting processes of exchange between places, which can be studied through the exploration of amounts, modalities, direction, and variation of travel flows and trips according to different socioeconomic aspects of individuals and land types. A second questioning concerns the temporal variation of population presence throughout a territory, which allows to understand the use of distinct locations by taking into account the socioeconomic characteristics of the people visiting it and the activities they carry out there. The third question seeks to explain the individuals' need of traveling by studying the temporal ordering of trips and activities of individuals (i.e. daily trajectories) within the spatial context of the territory.Our framework supports the derivation and visual exploration of indicators describing the territory, travel flows and trips, and daily trajectories, over multiple spatio-temporal resolutions and thematic attributes. Our visualization interface allows to disperse visual representations over multiple analytical displays, enabling users to customize the spatial arrangement of visualizations and indicators in meaningful ways according to the ongoing analysis. Furthermore, we propose a movement-based interaction based on the tilting of a tablet that allows to explore the temporal variation of indicators leveraging tactile and tangible input. The conception of our visualization approach followed an interactive evaluation process that consists of successive user-based evaluations aiming to refine a prototype in order to achieve user performance and satisfaction

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McAvay, Haley. "Immigrants’ spatial incorporation in France : patterns and determinants of neighborhood and housing attainment." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016IEPP0036/document.

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Cette thèse cherche à analyser les dynamiques résidentielles des populations immigrées et issues de l’immigration en France et leur situation face au logement. S’appuyant sur deux grandes bases de données, l’Echantillon Démographique Permanent (INSEE) et l’enquête Trajectoires et Origines (INED/INSEE), qui comptent parmi les rares bases de données en France qui permettent d’identifier les immigrés et leurs descendants à travers le temps (1990-2008), cette recherche comporte trois grands volets empiriques. En premier lieu, je propose un panorama des situations résidentielles des immigrés et de leurs descendants, en focalisant sur les caractéristiques des zones urbaines où ces groupes sont concentrés, leur statut d’occupation du logement, ainsi que la manière dont ces différentes dimensions résidentielles s’articulent. Deuxièmement, tirant profit de la dimension longitudinale des données, l’analyse porte sur la mobilité résidentielle de ces groupes, en traçant leurs trajectoires dans les quartiers et dans le logement. Finalement, je mène une analyse intergénérationnelle des inégalités résidentielles afin de déterminer à quel point les individus « héritent » les positions spatiales de leurs parents. L’analyse porte une attention particulière aux déterminants individuels et contextuels des trajectoires afin de mieux saisir les mécanismes qui structurent les inégalités face au logement et dans l’espace
My dissertation provides a comprehensive analysis of the neighborhood and housing outcomes of immigrants and natives in France. I draw on two large data sets, L’échantillon démographique permanent (INSEE) and Trajectoires et origines (INED/INSEE), which provide rare information about first and second generation immigrants, combine individual and contextual-level variables, and span several dates of observation (1990-2008). Drawing on classical theoretical approaches to immigrants’ spatial incorporation (spatial assimilation, place stratification), as well as insights from the social stratification and neighborhood effects literature, the analysis is rooted in a multidimensional, longitudinal and intergenerational approach to residential inequalities. First, I use a variety of indicators of the composition of neighborhoods (i.e. share of immigrants, co-ethnics, low-income households, the unemployment rate) in addition to housing tenure to explore associations between various dimensions of residential outcomes. Second, using longitudinal data and panel modelling techniques, the analysis captures patterns and determinants of residential mobility, transitions in neighborhoods, access to homeownership and moves in and out of the public housing sector. Finally, contributing to recent empirical work on the intergenerational reproduction of context, I seek to assess the extent to which residential situations are transmitted between parents and their children. The analysis seeks throughout to document the effects of individual factors (nativity, immigrant origin, socioeconomic status) and contextual factors (municipality and departmental characteristics) on shaping residential inequalities

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Williams, Matthew James. "Periodic patterns in human mobility." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2013. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/56804/.

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The recent rise of services and networks that rely on human mobility has prompted the need for tools that detect our patterns of visits to locations and encounters with other individuals. The widespread popularity of location- and encounter-aware mobile phones has given us a wealth of empirical mobility data and enabled many novel applications that benefit from automated detection of an individual’s mobility patterns. This thesis explores the presence and character of periodic patterns in the visits and encounters of human individuals. Novel tools for extracting and analysing periodic mobility patterns are proposed and evaluated on real-world data. We investigate these patterns in a range of datasets, including visits to public transport stations on a metropolitan scale, university campus WLAN access point transitions, online location-sharing service checkins, and Bluetooth encounters among university students. The methods developed in this thesis are designed for decentralised implementation to enable their real-world deployment. Analysing an individual’s visit and encounter events is a challenging problem since the data are often highly sparse. In order to study visit patterns we propose a novel inter-event interval (IEI) analysis approach, which is inspired by neural coding techniques. The resulting measure, IEI-irregularity, quantifies the weekly periodic patterns of an individual’s visits to a location. To detect encounter patterns we propose and compare methods based on IEI analysis and periodic subgraph mining. In particular, we introduce the novel concept of a periodic encounter community; that is, a collection of individuals that share the same periodic encounter pattern. The decentralised algorithms we develop for periodic encounter community detection are of particular relevance to human-based opportunistic communication networks. We explore these communities in terms of their opportunistic content sharing performance. Our findings show that periodic patterns are a prominent feature of human mobility and that these patterns are algorithmically detectable.

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Nirkhiwale, Supriya. "Optimal mobility patterns in epidemic networks." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1494.

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McGinn, Mary. "Career mobility patterns of Oklahoma school superintendents /." Access abstract and link to full text, 1989. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.library.utulsa.edu/dissertations/fullcit/8914323.

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Yang, Yingxiang S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Understanding human mobility patterns from digital traces." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/82863.

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Thesis (S.M. in Transportation)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2013.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 93-102).
Our current digital age is characterized by the shift from traditional industry to an economy based on the information computerization. The sweeping changes brought about by digital computing have provided new data sources for transportation modeling. In this thesis, two mainstream trends in utilizing digital traces in transportation modeling are explored. The first approach is to incorporate mobile phone records and digital map point of interests into commuting flow prediction models such as the gravity model and the radiation model. An extension to the radiation model is proposed to adjust to the different degrees of homogeneity of opportunities when the scale of the study region changes. The density of the point of interests is a suitable proxy for commuting flow attraction rates at all the scales. Moreover, the parameter a in the extension to the radiation model is predictable given the size of the study region. When traditional data sources are not available, mobile phone records is shown to be an ideal alternative. Home and work locations can be inferred at individual level and then aggregated to show its equivalence to the census data. This method is applied to Rwanda, Dominican Republic and Portugal. The second approach is using low-frequency bus GPS records to evaluate transit service. The analysis under such data scarcity requires careful data handling. This thesis demonstrates that how the data pre-processing procedure, namely map-matching and kernel density estimation, step by step turns the raw GPS data into information for service evaluation. Bus service quality is analyzed by measuring statistics of headway and in-vehicle travel time. The headway analysis helps to identify bottlenecks caused by the road network layout and passenger volumes while the comparison of peak vs. off-peak hour travel speed helps to identify bottlenecks caused by traffic conditions. To sum up, the thesis explores new digital data sources and methods in transportation modeling. The purpose is to provide analysis procedures that are of lower costs, higher accuracy and are readily applicable to different countries in the world.
by Yingxiang Yang.
S.M.in Transportation

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Liebig, Thomas [Verfasser]. "Pedestrian Mobility Mining with Movement Patterns / Thomas Liebig." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1045872032/34.

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Merah, Amar Farouk. "Vehicular Movement Patterns: A Sequential Patterns Data Mining Approach Towards Vehicular Route Prediction." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/22851.

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Behavioral patterns prediction in the context of Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs)has been receiving increasing attention due to enabling on-demand, intelligent traffic analysis and response to real-time traffic issues. One of these patterns, sequential patterns, are a type of behavioral patterns that describe the occurence of events in a timely-ordered fashion. In the context of VANETs, these events are defined as an ordered list of road segments traversed by vehicles during their trips from a starting point to their final intended destination, forming a vehicular path. Due to their predictable nature, undertaken vehicular paths can be exploited to extract the paths that are considered frequent. From the extracted frequent paths through data mining, the probability that a vehicular path will take a certain direction is obtained. However, in order to achieve this, samples of vehicular paths need to be initially collected over periods of time in order to be data-mined accordingly. In this thesis, a new set of formal definitions depicting vehicular paths as sequential patterns is described. Also, five novel communication schemes have been designed and implemented under a simulated environment to collect vehicular paths; such schemes are classified under two categories: Road Side Unit-Triggered (RSU-Triggered) and Vehicle-Triggered. After collection, extracted frequent paths are obtained through data mining, and the probability of these frequent paths is measured. In order to evaluate the e ciency and e ectiveness of the proposed schemes, extensive experimental analysis has been realized. From the results, two of the Vehicle-Triggered schemes, VTB-FP and VTRD-FP, have improved the vehicular path collection operation in terms of communication cost and latency over others. In terms of reliability, the Vehicle-Triggered schemes achieved a higher success rate than the RSU-Triggered scheme. Finally, frequent vehicular movement patterns have been effectively extracted from the collected vehicular paths according to a user-de ned threshold and the confidence of generated movement rules have been measured. From the analysis, it was clear that the user-de ned threshold needs to be set accordingly in order to not discard important vehicular movement patterns.

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Pham, Cong S. "Three essays on the mobility and determinants of trade patterns." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2005. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/76945245.html.

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Hu, Hsi-Hwa. "Travel patterns, land use, and the elderly mobility, activity, accessibility." Saarbrücken VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2007. http://d-nb.info/98518146X/04.

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Clover, Helen Margaret. "Migration and return : contrasting strategies in two northern Thai villages." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314302.

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Innes, Holly Nadean. "AIDS in Ontario, an examination of mobility patterns and spatial variations." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ60803.pdf.

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McPherson, Rachel. "Walking with Lucy| Modeling Mobility Patterns of Australopithecus afarensis Using GIS." Thesis, University of Colorado at Denver, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10750014.

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Behavior is perhaps the most challenging component of an extinct organism to reconstruct and understand. Often in paleoanthropology, researchers primarily have fossils and paleoecological data; however, combining these into models of hominin behavior is difficult in practice. Yet for years archaeologists and wildlife biologists have been using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to model the mobility behavior of humans and other animals. This research seeks to integrate the methodology of cost-distance modeling in GIS into paleoanthropology to understand hominin mobility, specifically investigating if the potential mobility pattern of Australopithecus afarensis can be modeled to understand how they got across Eastern Africa to their known sites. The models created for Au. afarensis, humans, and chimpanzees brought together walking time as a cost factor and modern slope as an impediment to movement. These values were input into the Cost Distance tool in ArcGIS with Laetoli as the source and tested on two study areas, Laetoli and Eastern Africa. Known Au. afarensis sites matched areas of least cost for each potential mobility pattern, which indicated that 1) none of the models could be ruled as the best potential mobility pattern for Au. afarensis, 2) Au. afarensis likely avoided steeper gradients, and 3) modern gradient data were not incompatible with the models. Despite limitations to this study, these models provide a foundation for research into hominin mobility patterns using GIS.

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Johnson, Tracy Lynn. "Career Mobility Patterns of Aspiring Female Leaders at California Community Colleges." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3172.

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Many women struggle to move up the career ladder. Women aspiring to executive positions in community colleges within the United States may face gender barriers, family-work life barriers, and barriers regarding their leadership ability. The problem studied was a gap in knowledge of how women succeeded in attaining executive positions in community colleges. The purpose of this study was to examine ways that female leaders at Southern California community colleges assumed executive-level roles at their institutions and the barriers they faced to attain those positions . The theory of upward mobility and the concept of self-efficacy comprised the study's conceptual framework. The research questions in this qualitative case study focused on barriers to women's upward mobility and ways that women overcame these barriers. Face-to-face structured interviews were conducted with a purposeful sample of 12 women who held positions of vice president or above at 8 Southern California community colleges within 2 counties. Interview data were coded using clustering and classification and resulted in 3 themes per research question. The results suggested that executive leaders must demonstrate communication savviness to address difficult situations, engage in active information searching and empower others through helpful communication. Findings of the study suggest formal mentorship was crucial for women in their quest for leadership roles. Prospective female leaders in higher education may be able to use the study results in navigating their careers. Positive social change may result with the greater visibility of women in executive leadership roles, thereby leading to reduced gender disparities and women achieving their highest potential in the workplace.

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Samal, Savyasachi. "Mobility Pattern Aware Routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34984.

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A mobile ad hoc network is a collection of wireless nodes, all of which may be mobile, that dynamically create a wireless network amongst them without using any infrastructure. Ad hoc wireless networks come into being solely by peer-to-peer interactions among their constituent mobile nodes, and it is only such interactions that are used to provide the necessary control and administrative functions supporting such networks. Mobile hosts are no longer just end systems; each node must be able to function as a router as well to relay packets generated by other nodes. As the nodes move in and out of range with respect to other nodes, including those that are operating as routers, the resulting topology changes must somehow be communicated to all other nodes as appropriate. In accommodating the communication needs of the user applications, the limited bandwidth of wireless channels and their generally hostile transmission characteristics impose additional constraints on how much administrative and control information may be exchanged, and how often. Ensuring effective routing is one of the greatest challenges for ad hoc networking. As a practice, ad hoc routing protocols make routing decisions based on individual node mobility even for applications such as disaster recovery, battlefield combat, conference room interactions, and collaborative computing etc. that are shown to follow a pattern. In this thesis we propose an algorithm that performs routing based on underlying mobility patterns. A mobility pattern aware routing algorithm is shown to have several distinct advantages such as: a more precise view of the entire network topology as the nodes move; a more precise view of the location of the individual nodes; ability to predict with reasonably accuracy the future locations of nodes; ability to switch over to an alternate route before a link is disrupted due to node movements.
Master of Science

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Hua, Sean (Sean X. ). "Mobility of the future : typologizing global cities for the simulation of future urban mobility patterns and energy scenarios." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/119524.

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Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2017.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 67-69).
The MITEI-sponsored Mobility of the Future project sets out to create a viable framework for analyses and predictions of urban transportation behavior in response to inevitable changes such as improved vehicle technologies, emergence of novel transit services, and policy changes motivated by population growth and emission control. In order to feasibly simulate these scenarios on a global scale, we need to first determine a few prototypical cities that best represent the entire world, each exhibiting qualities that encompass the group to which it belongs. Our methodology for accomplishing this is centered around machine learning. After collecting and pruning relevant, up-to-date data, we perform dimension reduction and clustering to ultimately generate appropriate prototype cities. These cities will be used as test beds for future mobility scenario exploration and analyses.
by Sean Hua.
M. Eng.

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Martínez, García Ricardo. "Nonequilibrium Statistical Physics in Ecology: Vegetation Patterns, Animal Mobility and Temporal Fluctuations." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/145980.

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Esta tesis doctoral se centra en la aplicación de la física estadística del no equilibrio al estudio de problemas ecológicos de diferente naturaleza. En primer lugar se desarrollan modelos teóricos para explicar la formación de patrones de vegetación en algunas regiones donde el agua es escasa, prestando especial atención al papel que juegan las interacciones entre plantas. En la segunda parte se abordan problemas de búsqueda en los que los individuos son capaces de comunicarse entre sí. El objetivo es comprender el comportamiento de las gacelas que habitan la estepa centroasiática. En un último capitulo se estudia el efecto que tiene un medio externo cuyos características cambian en el tiempo sobre distintas propiedades de los ecosistemas. Situando problemas de tan diversa naturaleza en un marco común se pretende mostrar el poder de la física estadística como herramienta interdisciplinar.
This thesis focuses on the application of nonequilibrium statistical physics to different ecological problems. In the first part we study the formation of vegetation patterns in water-limited systems, emphasizing the role of nonlocal interactions among plants. In the second part we develop mathematical models to explain the collective searching behavior in some animal species, where individuals communicate among them. The objective of this chapter is to build the theoretical tools to study foraging behavior in Mongolian gazelles, which is the aim of the next chapter. Finally, the effect of environmental variability on the robustness and evolution of ecosystems is studied. Studying problems of different nature within the common framework provided by statistical physics we aim to show its relevant role as an interdisciplinary tool.

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Tilley, Sara. "Ageing and mobility in Britain : past trends, present patterns and future implications." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/4471.

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Over the next decade the ‘Baby Boomer' cohort will increasingly contribute to the proportion of those aged 60 and over in Britain. The issue of how the mobility of older people has changed for different cohort groups has not been considered in a historical context. Ryder (1965) argued that cohort groups could be important in determining behaviour as have other social structural factors, such as socioeconomic status. This thesis merges the disciplines of transport geography and population studies using a novel approach of cohort analysis, which has not been used widely for studying mobility trends. Using National Travel Survey data from 1995-2008, the mobility trends of older people in Britain are explored by creating pseudo cohorts. Pseudo cohorts are artificially created datasets which are constructed from using repeated cross-sectional data (McIntosh, 2005, Uren, 2006). This technique can differentiate ‘age', ‘period' and ‘cohort' effects in mobility trends. Age effects are differences in behaviour between age groups i.e. changes in mobility associated with age itself. Period effects relate to changes in behaviour in all age groups over a period of time. Cohort effects are those associated with behaviour common to particular groups born around the same time (Glenn, 2005, Yang, 2007). The influence of the Scottish concessionary travel policy on the mobility of older people at the aggregate level is also considered using Scottish Household Survey data from 1999-2008. This policy is very blunt and based on assumptions about older age. As cohorts differ, these assumptions may no longer hold and therefore the policy may not be effective. This thesis argues, using a longitudinal demographic perspective, that structural effects shape mobility of cohorts differently over time. The findings reveal although mobility amongst older people is rising in general, there would actually be declining mobility were it not for the Boomer cohort. Amongst younger cohorts mobility is lower. The analysis also shows that women travel further than men, a fundamental break with the past, specific to this generation. This thesis illustrates the importance of cohort membership in explaining mobility change.

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Duffy, William Lawrence. "Le Grand Transit Moderne : changing patterns of mobility in French naturalist fiction." Thesis, University of Hull, 2001. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5865.

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Patterson, Katherine-Anne V. Wadley Reed L. "Patterns of local mobility in an Iban community of West Kalimantan, Indonesia." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5748.

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The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on October 2, 2009). Thesis advisor: Dr. Reed Wadley. Includes bibliographical references.

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Ji, Yan Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Understanding human mobility patterns through mobile phone records : a cross-cultural study." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/66867.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2011.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 97-100).
In this thesis, I present a cross-cultural study on human's trip length distribution and how it might be influenced by regional socio-economic factors, such as population density, income and unemployment rate. Mobile phone records contain very detailed calling information of the spatiotemporal localization of hundreds of thousands of users, which can be used as proxies for human trips. The traveling behaviors of 24 autonomous regions in San Francisco (5 regions), Dominican Republic (3 regions) and a European country (16 regions) are studied through these rich mobile phone data sets. We found that people in different regions have very heterogeneous aggregate traveling patterns (trip length distribution) which can be generally grouped into four distinct families. The result of Self-organizing map shows that the trip length distribution has a certain degree of correlation to population density, which sparks our interests to conduct a thorough research on factors such as population density and income that can potentially influence the trip length distribution and human's traveling behavior. Using a double exponential function to fit the radius of gyration distribution (i.e. a proxy to the trip length distribution), we are able to characterize human's traveling behavior with four parameters. By applying principle component analysis, the parameter space is transformed orthogonally and two principal components which contribute most to the variance of sample set are extracted. We tempted to find the regression relationship between population density and each of the components. However, the R² is not enough high for estimation purposes. With the extensive information source regarding household income, median age, unemployment rate, we were able to conduct a multiple regression analysis in San Francisco Bay area. Using radius of gyration as regressand, population density, income, age, and unemployment rate as regressors, we found the R² is over 30%, which is sufficiently good for cross-sectional data analysis. Additionally, the significant estimated coefficients indicate that people living in wealthier and unpopulated areas tend to travel more frequently and make long distance trips. Furthermore, descriptive comments are provided for the connection between parameters in the fitting function and population density and income.
by Yan Ji.
S.M.

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Li, Chen. "Automatic extraction of behavioral patterns for elderly mobility and daily routine analysis." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2018. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/510.

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The elderly living in smart homes can have their daily movement recorded and analyzed. Given the fact that different elders can have their own living habits, a methodology that can automatically identify their daily activities and discover their daily routines will be useful for better elderly care and support. In this thesis research, we focus on developing data mining algorithms for automatic detection of behavioral patterns from the trajectory data of an individual for activity identification, daily routine discovery, and activity prediction. The key challenges for the human activity analysis include the need to consider longer-range dependency of the sensor triggering events for activity modeling and to capture the spatio-temporal variations of the behavioral patterns exhibited by human. We propose to represent the trajectory data using a behavior-aware flow graph which is a probabilistic finite state automaton with its nodes and edges attributed with some local behavior-aware features. Subflows can then be extracted from the flow graph using the kernel k-means as the underlying behavioral patterns for activity identification. Given the identified activities, we propose a novel nominal matrix factorization method under a Bayesian framework with Lasso to extract highly interpretable daily routines. To better take care of the variations of activity durations within each daily routine, we further extend the Bayesian framework with a Markov jump process as the prior to incorporate the shift-invariant property into the model. For empirical evaluation, the proposed methodologies have been compared with a number of existing activity identification and daily routine discovery methods based on both synthetic and publicly available real smart home data sets with promising results obtained. In the thesis, we also illustrate how the proposed unsupervised methodology could be used to support exploratory behavior analysis for elderly care.

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Morgan, Jameson D. "GeoAware - A Simulation-based Framework for Synthetic Trajectory Generation from Mobility Patterns." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1607109295488049.

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LACERDA, Thiago de Barros. "Supporting real-time mobility services with scalable flock pattern mining." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/18700.

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Submitted by Rafael Santana (rafael.silvasantana@ufpe.br) on 2017-05-04T17:26:09Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) ThiagoLacerda_dissertacao_CD.pdf: 3710836 bytes, checksum: 28f0e32dde464cdfd59c89964029a739 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-04T17:26:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) ThiagoLacerda_dissertacao_CD.pdf: 3710836 bytes, checksum: 28f0e32dde464cdfd59c89964029a739 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-29
Pattern mining in spatio-temporal datasets is a really relevant subject in the academia and the industry nowadays, due to its wide applicability in helping to solve real-world problems. Many of them can be found in the context of Smart Cities, like Traffic Management, Surveillance and Security and City Planning, to name a few. Among the various spatio-temporal patterns that one can extract from a spatio-temporal dataset, the flock pattern is one that has gained a lot of attention, because of its intrinsic relation with the aforementioned problems. A lot of work has been done in the academia, in order to provide algorithms able to identify the flock pattern. However, none of them could perform that task efficiently nor be able to scale well when a large dataset was the analysis target. Additionally, we found that there was no system architecture proposal that could be simple and modular enough to be used in that spatio-temporal pattern detection problem. Given that context, this dissertation proposes a modular system archicture designed to help solving flock pattern mining problems and possibly be reused to other spatio-temporal mining experiments. We then use such architecture as the infrastructure to implement an efficient flock detection algorithm, aiming at achieving considerable gains in execution time without compromising accuracy, thus targeting real-time deployment and on-line processing in Smart Cities. Last, but not least, we remodel our algorithm in order to take advantage of multi-core architectures present in modern computers. Our results indicate that our proposal outperforms the current state-of-the-art techniques, by achieving 99% CPU time improvement. Moreover, with our multi-thread model, we were able to reduce the processing time of our proposed algorithm by 96% in some cases. We prove the efficiency of our solution by performing evaluation with both real and synthetic large datasets.
Detecção de padrões em dados espaço-temporais tem se mostrado um tema de muita relevância nos dias atuais, tanto na academia quanto na indústria, devido a sua vasta aplicabilidade em auxiliar a solucionar problemas enfrentados na sociedade. Muitos desses problemas podem ser classificados no conexto de Cidades Inteligentes (Smart Cities), como Gerenciamento de Tráfego, Segurança e Planejamento de Cidades. Dentre os vários padrões espaço-temporais que podem ser extraídos de uma base de dados, o padrão de flock é um que vem atraindo muita atenção, devido a sua relação intrínseca com os problemas mencionados anteriormente. Muitas pesquisas vêm sendo feitas na academia, visando desenvolver algoritmos capazes de identificar esse padrão de movimentação. Porém, nenhum deles foi capaz de executar tal tarefa eficientemente, nem conseguiu escalar de maneira aceitável quando uma base de dados de grande tamanho foi analisada. Além disso, não foi encontrado nos trabalhos relacionados uma arquitetura de software que conseguisse ser simples e modular o suficiente para ser usada no problema de detecção de padrões de flock em dados espaço-temporais. Com isso em mente, essa dissertação propõe uma arquitetura de software modular, direcionada para solucionar problemas de detecção desse padrão e possivelmente ser utilizada para outros experimentos envolvendo mineração de padrões em dados espaço-temporais. Tal arquitetura foi então usada como base na implementação de um algoritmo de detecção de flock, focando em alcançar grandes ganhos em tempo de processamento, sem comprometer a precisão, visando então cenários de aplicações de tempo real em Cidades Inteligentes. No fim, nós propomos uma remodelagem no nosso algoritmo para poder utilizar ao máximo o poder de processamento oferecido pelas arquiteturas multi-core dos processadores modernos. Nossos resultados mostraram que nossa solução conseguiu superar propostas do estado da arte, alcançando 99% de redução no tempo de processamento total. Além disso, nossa remodelagem multi-thread conseguiu melhorar os resultados da nossa solução em até 96% em alguns casos. A eficiência e performance da nossa proposta foi comprovada com avaliações feitas com bases de dados geradas sinteticamente e coletadas em experimentos reais.

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Chow, Kong Meng Vincent. "The impact of road-user charging on households' mobility and activity participation patterns." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.427310.

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Bernstein, Dan S. "The use of Markov processes to examine mobility patterns in the labor market." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/71375.

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SARNO, FEDERICA. "IDENTIFYING PATTERNS OF MAFIA MOBILITY: THE PRESENCE OF THE ITALIAN MAFIAS IN EUROPE." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/6118.

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La ricerca sull'espansione territoriale delle mafie italiane si è spesso limitata all'analisi di una singola organizzazione o di un solo paese. I pochi studi con una prospettiva più ampia non esaminano in dettaglio come organizzazioni mafiose diverse operano in paesi diversi. Per colmare tale vuoto conoscitivo, questo studio analizza la presenza di Cosa Nostra, Camorra e 'Ndrangheta in Europa, con l'obiettivo di individuare modelli di espansione mafiosa. Lo studio combina varie fonti di informazione e diversi livelli di analisi. Dapprima, utilizza rapporti ufficiali per mappare la presenza delle mafie italiane in Europa ed identificarne le principali caratteristiche. Successivamente, approfondisce tre casi di studio paese e, sulla base di interviste con esperti, analizza come le diverse organizzazioni operano nei diversi paesi. I risultati mostrano che i fattori legati al territorio e al tipo di attività prevalgono sulle caratteristiche dell'organizzazione nel definire i modelli di espansione mafiosa. Le mafie italiane si concentrano in alcuni paesi Europei e in determinate aree all'interno dello stesso paese. Il traffico di droga è la caratteristica più ricorrente della loro presenza in Europa. La 'Ndrangheta è l'unica organizzazione ad aver riprodotto le proprie strutture all'estero, sebbene ciò non avvenga in tutti i paesi Europei in cui è presente.
Research on the spatial mobility of Italian mafias has frequently adopted a narrow approach, focusing on only one type of mafia or a single country. The few studies with a broader perspective do not examine in detail how different mafias operate across different countries. This study addresses these gaps by providing a first comprehensive analysis of the presence of Cosa Nostra, the Camorra and the 'Ndrangheta across Europe, with the aim of identifying patterns of mafia mobility. The study combines different data sources and different levels of analysis. Drawing from official reports, it firstly maps the spread of the Italian mafias in Europe and identifies the main characteristics of their presence abroad. Secondly, it focuses on three country case studies and, based on expert interviews, compares how different mafias operate across different countries. The results show that country-related and activity-related characteristics prevail over organizational ones in determining patterns of mafia mobility. Italian mafias concentrate in a few European countries and in specific areas within a country. Drug trafficking is the most recurrent feature of their presence abroad. The 'Ndrangheta is the only mafia which has a structured presence in Europe, although it does not reproduce its structures in all foreign countries.

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KOTTUPPARI, SRINIVAS SUSHEEL SAGAR. "Clustering Users Based on Mobility Patterns for Effective Utilization of Cellular Network Infrastructure." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för datalogi och datorsystemteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-13289.

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Context With the rapidly growing demand for cellular networks’ capacityand coverage, effective planning of Network Infrastructure (NI) has been amajor challenge for the telecom operators. The mobility patterns of different subscriber groups in the networks have been found to be a crucialaspect in the planning of NI. For a telecom operator, it is important to havean estimate of the efficiency (in terms of the Network Capacity - numberof subscribers that the network can handle) of the existing NI. For thispurpose, Lundberg et. al., have developed an optimization based strategycalled as Tetris Strategy (TS), based on the standard subscriber groupingapproach called MOSAIC. The objective of TS is to calculate the upperbound estimate of the efficiency of the NI. Objectives The major objective of this thesis is to compare the efficiencyvalue of the NI when the subscribers are grouped (clustered) based on theirmobility patterns (characterized by a mobile trajectory) with the efficiencyvalue obtained when the subscribers are grouped based on the standardsubscriber grouping approach - MOSAIC. Methods Literature Review (LR) has been conducted to identify the stateof the art similarity/distance measures and algorithms to cluster trajectory data. Among the identified ones, for conducting experiments, LongestCommon Subsequences has been chosen as a similarity/distance measure,and Spectral and Agglomerative clustering algorithms have been chosen.All the experiments have been conducted on the subscriber trajectory dataprovided by the telecom operator, Telenor. The clusters obtained from theexperiments have been plugged into TS, to calculate the upper bound estimate of the efficiency of the NI. Results For the highest radio cell capacity, the network capacity valuesfor Spectral clustering, Agglomerative clustering and MOSAIC groupingsystem are 207234, 148056 and 87584 respectively. For every radio cellcapacity value, the mobility based clusters resulted in a higher network efficiency values than the MOSAIC. However, both spectral and agglomerativealgorithms have generated a very low quality clusters with the silhouettescores of 0.0717 and 0.0543 respectively. Conclusions Based on the analysis of the results, it can be concluded that,mobility based grouping of subscribers in the cellular network provide highernetwork efficiency values compared to the standard subscriber grouping systems such as MOSAIC.

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Hull, Andrew Peter. "Changing patterns of accessibility and mobility in sixteen parishes in east Kent, 1973-1982." Thesis, Open University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.236871.

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Klinghoffer, Ilana. "Spatial and temporal patterns of sediment mobility and storage in a small mountain stream." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/52876.

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The study was conducted in East Creek, a headwater gravel-bed channel in the Fraser Valley foothills of the Coastal Mountains of British Columbia. Sediment transport was measured at three spatial scales using two measurement techniques in a study reach containing three unique morphological reaches: rapids, riffle pool, and step pool. At the largest spatial scale, the channel scale, channel stability was assessed between 2003 and 2009 using longitudinal profiles of channel elevation obtained from digital elevation mapping. The longitudinal profiles suggest that East Creek was in a relatively stable state over the six year analysis period, with the majority of erosion and deposition limited to localized fluctuations that varied in magnitude and direction. At the intermediate spatial scale, the reach scale, sediment transport estimates obtained from pit trap and digital elevation mapping data were used to create a sediment budget for the rapids reach and riffle pool sub-reaches of the channel. Using both measurement techniques, erosion and deposition fluctuated and could not be linked to flow regime or sediment supply alone. It is hypothesized that in-stream sediment supply and bed conditioning are important controls on sediment storage, and were used to explain observed fluctuations in erosion and deposition. The magnitude and direction of reach scale sediment storage fluctuations were not consistent across the two measurement techniques; however, elevation mapping estimates were nearly always higher than pit trap estimates. This is likely a result of overpassing of fine material and pit trap inefficiency. At the smallest spatial scale, the unit scale, spatial patterns of sediment transport were assessed across riffles and pools using digital elevation and morphological mapping data. There was increased sediment mobility in pools compared to riffles, which is likely a result of pools containing finer more loosely interacting particles compared to those in riffles. The high resolution unit scale sediment storage data demonstrated conservation of mass and a tight coupling of erosion and deposition in East Creek.
Arts, Faculty of
Geography, Department of
Graduate

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Rice, Dorothy Ann. "Patterns of progress and social mobility in some Northamptonshire families circa 1460 to 1560." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/35589.

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The aim of this thesis is to add to the growing body of knowledge about the effects of local and national events on the survival and fortunes of individual families and to explore the contribution of these families to the political scene. The dates, circa 1460 to 1560, were chosen partly because this was a.period of change and partly because it is a relatively neglected period; bridging as it does the Medieval and Early Modern divide. The first part explores the financial and political fortunes of ten families. All of them came to be residents of Northamptonshire during this period but this is not a closed county study, a consideration of their activities on a broader front is crucial to the arguments presented. Similarly they were all members of either the upper gentry or lower nobility, but this is not a study of one class or the other. Movement up and down the social scale is an important feature under consideration. The second part of the thesis uses the family evidence to explore behaviour patterns and relationships and attempts to draw conclusions on routes to success and the impact of outside factors. The multi-faceted approach adopted by most of the families makes these questions very complex. Law and sheep farming emerge as very significant features overall, but political allegiance is a more elusive issue. An examination of power structures reveals the extent to which the Crown was willing to overlook past behaviour if a family retained the confidence of its peers. The final question concerns the operation of these families as part of a broader 'county community'. The conclusion must be that while they did form local networks, these were not necessarily confined by county boundaries.

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Mazriel, Robyn. "Patterns of mobility, and the effect of mobility on viral suppression and retention among postpartum women living with HIV in South Africa." Master's thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32823.

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Introduction: In South Africa postpartum women have been shown to be at high risk of disengagement from HIV care and postpartum mobility may be related to disruptions in care. This study aimed to describe patterns of mobility, and explore associations with viral suppression and retention in the postpartum period. Methods: This study used data from a prospective cohort study that enrolled women who initiated life-long antiretroviral therapy (ART) during their pregnancy in Gugulethu, Cape Town (March 2013 -June 2014), and an additional follow-up study at approximately 4 years postpartum. Patterns of self-reported mobility between delivery and the 4 year measurement visit were examined. Logbinomial models were used to explore the association between mobility (moving in the 3, 6 or 12 months prior to the study visit) and i) viral suppression (viral load (VL) ≤50 and ≤1000 copies/mL measured at the 12 month and 4 year measurement visit) and ii) retention in care (based on routine medical record data at approximately 12 months and 4 years postpartum). Results: Among the 353 women in this analysis, 98 (28%) reported having ever moved between delivery and 4 years postpartum. Mobility was more likely to occur soon after delivery with 50% of the moves occurring within the first year following delivery; the most common reason for moving being to live with and receive support from family (44%). Moving within 3 months of the viral load measurement at 12 months postpartum was associated with having a VL≤50 copies/mL (aRR=1.61, 95% CI: 1.17-2.21). Moving in any window prior to the 12 month or 4 year postpartum viral load was not associated with viral suppression. Retention in care at both 12 months and 4 years postpartum was not associated with mobility. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that movement following delivery is a common occurrence among postpartum women, but this movement did not seem to disrupt engagement in HIV care. There is a need for further research to understand the impact of this movement on postpartum women's viral suppression and retention in care, as well as on ways to support continued engagement in HIV care after delivery.

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Nickinovich, David G. "Male and female differences in the pattern of occupational persistence /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8870.

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Hayward, Lynda Mary. "Mid-life patterns and the residential mobility of the elderly, planning for an aging population." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0013/NQ32830.pdf.

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41

Wood, Andrew B. "The limits of social mobility : social origins and career patterns of British generals, 1688-1815." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2011. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/223/.

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Late eighteenth-century Britain was dominated by two features of economic life that were a major departure from previous eras, the economic growth of the Industrial Revolution and almost constant warfare conducted on a previously unprecedented scale. One consequence of this was the rapid expansion, diversification and development of the professions. Sociologists and economists have often argued that economic development and modernisation leads to increasing rates of social mobility. However, historians of the army and professions in the eighteenth-century claim the upper levels of the army were usually isolated from mobility as the highest ranks were dominated by sons of the aristocracy and landed elite. Some claim social status was more important for career success in the late eighteenth-century army compared to its earlier counterpart, which if true may have led to declining rates of social mobility for the upper levels of the army. This PhD thesis investigates the limits of social mobility during this period by examining the social origins and career patterns of the highest professional rank in the army, generals. This study finds that generals were not isolated from social mobility. Modernisation did lead to increasing rates of social mobility among generals. However, mobility was limited in some respects. The rates of social mobility for generals were much lower than ordinary officers. In addition, most moves up the social hierarchy were fairly shallow. Generals usually came from relatively high levels of society and hence they were generally only moving from a high social position to a slightly higher one.

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al-Sirour, Mamdouh. "Changing geographic patterns of pastoralists' mobility : a study of the Bedu in north-east Jordan." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298910.

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Ma, Jun. "An improved system for long-term ambulatory monitoring of posture and mobility related daily physical activity." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366933.

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Levi, Laura Jane. "Prehispanic residence and community at San Estevan, Belize." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186475.

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Research at the site of San Estevan, Belize begins with the premise that more serious attention must be paid to the significance of residential variability in archaeological modelings of the lowland Maya. A classification of structure groupings is used to track the distribution of San Estevan's diverse residential arrangements across the site. Norms of social structure and economic inequality prove inadequate frameworks to account for the spatial and temporal variation manifest by San Estevan's residential classes, nor do they help to explain the spatial regularities underlying the distributions of these classes. I suggest, instead, that the site's residential units best effect divergent organizational strategies adopted by San Estevan's prehispanic domestic groups. Whereas diffuse political authority, impoverished political economies, and kingroup self-sufficiency traditionally have been invoked to account for Maya residential patterns, domestic strategies at San Estevan gained their shape directly in relation to the functions housed in the community's precincts of monumental architecture. I conclude that prehispanic Maya residential distributions formed through stringent economic and political entailments of community life.

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Ford, Tania. "Population change in Adelaide's peri-urban region : patterns, causes and implications." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARM/09armf711.pdf.

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Errata slip inserted. Bibliography: leaves 282-298. Aims to contribute to a clearer understanding of the nature of current patterns of population change in the peri-urban region; conceptualized as a set of overlapping zones of net growth representing the product of four demographic processes (suburbanisation, counterurbanisation, population retention, centripetal migration). Considers three key aspects of peri-urban growth dynamics in the context of Adelaide's peri-urban region.

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Sjöblom, Feliks. "Effects of COVID-19 on temporal urban diversity : A quantitative study using mobile phone data as a proxy for human mobility patterns." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-439997.

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The present paper examines possible changes in temporal urban diversity caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in Stockholm and Uppsala metropolitan areas. In addition to general changes in diversity, potential differences of diversity levels at locations with varying socioeconomic characteristics are examined. The diversity levels are calculated based on mobile phone data and defined by the inflow and distribution of individuals to locations. The time frame involves eight study dates and extends from January to April 2020. The paper reaches the following conclusions. (1) Diversity levels display a general decline during the pandemic, with one exception - Easter Holidays. (2) Individuals residing in areas with high proportions of highly educated individuals or visible minorities experience a decrease in diversity whereas the opposite is true for areas with high proportions of low-income earners or senior citizens (3) The increase in diversity in the two last mentioned areas, which are located in remote parts of the metropolitan area, coincide with decreasing levels of diversity in the central parts of the metropolitan area. It is possible that changes in diversity levels in these areas can be explained by changes in general behavioural trends, e.g. incentives to avoid crowded city center areas.

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Paidoussis, J. A. "Factors affecting spatial labour mobility patterns in Greece in the period 1951-81 : An econometric analysis." Thesis, University of Reading, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234368.

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Souza, Gabriel Spadon de. "Characterization of mobility patterns and collective behavior through the analytical processing of real-world complex networks." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55134/tde-29092017-100417/.

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Cities are complex systems of transportation and social activity; their structure can be used to model urban street networks i.e. complex network that represents the geometry of a city allowing analytical activities for data-driven decision-making. The geometry of a city holds intrinsic information that can support activities related to the analysis of the urban scenario; of higher importance is the use of such information to enhance the quality of life of its inhabitants and/or to understand the dynamics of an urban center. Several of these analytical processes lacks in-depth methodologies to analyze crime patterns and ill-designed urban structures, which can provide for public safety and urban design. Consequently, it is our goal to provide means for the structural and topological analysis of highly criminal regions of cities represented as complex networks, and for the identification of urban planning inconsistencies that point to regions that lack access from/to points of interest in a city. In this regard, we devised a set of algebraic and algorithmic procedures that are capable of revealing patterns and provide for data comprehension. More specifically, we introduced pre-processing techniques to transform georeferenced electronic maps into graph representations of cities; we used metric-based and epidemic processes to understand the dynamics of cities in what refers to criminality; finally, we introduced a novel set of formalisms and operations based on set theory to identify design flaws concerning access in urban centers. Our results refer to approaches to preprocess and prepare maps in the form of urban street networks; to the analyses of crimes based on their spatial disposition; to the development of a model to describe criminal activities; and, to the advance of a concept based on critical problems in the urban design.
As cidades são sistemas complexos de interação social e de transporte. Suas estruturas podem ser usadas para modelar redes de mobilidade urbana i.e. redes complexas que representam a geometria de uma cidade permitindo a consecução de atividades analíticas para descoberta de padrões e para a tomada de decisão baseada em dados. A geometria da cidade carrega informações intrínsecas que auxiliam atividades relacionadas à análise de dados provenientes do cenário urbano. As informações inerentes a tais análises podem ser usadas para melhorar a qualidade de vida dos habitantes de uma região, ou para entender a dinâmica de centros urbanos. Diversos processos analíticos aplicados a tais cenários carecem de metodologias para analisar o padrão criminal e para identificar estruturas urbanas mal planejadas. Deste modo, este trabalho tem por objetivo prover meios para análise topológica de regiões criminais e para a identificação de inconsistências urbanas, as quais apontam para regiões que carecem de mobilidade e acesso para outras regiões de uma cidade. Neste sentido, foi desenvolvido um conjunto de procedimentos algébricos e algorítmicos capazes de revelar padrões e meios para compreensão e análise dos dados. Mais especificamente, foram desenvolvidos métodos de pré-processamento para transformar mapas eletrônicos georreferenciados em grafos que representam cidades, foi utilizado um conjunto métrico analítico e outro com base em processos epidêmicos para entender a dinâmica intrínseca à criminalidade de uma cidade, e por fim, foi desenvolvido um conjunto de formalismos e operações baseados em teoria dos conjuntos para identificar falhas no desenho das estruturas urbanas que impactam no acesso viário em centros urbanos. Os resultados deste trabalho versam sobre o desenvolvimento de novos métodos para preparar mapas na forma de redes de mobilidade urbana; na análise de crimes baseada em sua disposição espacial; no desenvolvimento de um modelo capaz de descrever a atividade criminal de uma cidade; e, em um conceito baseado na análise de regiões críticas identificadas a partir do desenho urbano.

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Zhao, Zhan Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Uncovering individual mobility patterns from Transit Smart Card data : trip prediction, activity inference, and change detection." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/122383.

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This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Thesis: Ph. D. in Transportation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2018
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 149-160).
While conventional travel survey data are limited in sample size and observation period, recent advances in urban sensing technologies afford the opportunity to collect traces of individual mobility at a large scale and over extended periods of time. As a result, individual mobility has become an emerging field dedicated to extracting patterns that describe individual movements in time and space. Individual mobility is the result of spatiotemporal choices (e.g., the decision to go somewhere at some time) made by individuals with diverse and dynamic preferences and lifestyles. These spatiotemporal choices vary across individuals, but also for the same person over time. However, our understanding of the behavioral mechanism underlying individual mobility is lacking. The objective of this dissertation is to develop statistical approaches to extract dynamic and interpretable travel-activity patterns from individual-level longitudinal travel records.
Specifically, this work focuses on three problems related to the spatiotemporal behavioral structures in individual mobility--next trip prediction, latent activity inference, and pattern change detection. Transit smart card data from London's rail network are used as a case study for the analysis. To account for the sequential dependency between trips, a predictive model is developed for the prediction of the next trip based on the previous one. Each trip is defined by a combination of start time t (aggregated to hours), origin o, and destination d. To predict the next trip of an individual, we first predict whether the individual will travel again in the period of interest (trip making prediction), and, if so, predict the attributes of the next trip (t, o, d) (trip attribute prediction). For trip attribute prediction, a Bayesian n-gram model is developed to estimate the probability distribution of the next trip conditional on the previous one.
Based on regularized logistic regression, the trip making prediction models achieve median accuracy levels of over 80%. The prediction accuracy for trip attributes varies by the attribute considered--around 40% for t, 70-80% for o and 60-70% for d. The first trip of the day is more difficult to predict than later trips. Significant variations are found across individuals in terms of the model performance, implying diverse mobility patterns. Human activities have long been recognized as the fundamental driver for travel demand. While passively-collected human mobility data sources, such as the transit smart card data, can accurately capture the time and location of individual movements, they do not explicitly provide any behavioral explanation regarding why people travel, e.g., activity types or travel purposes.
Probabilistic topic models, which are widely used in natural language processing for document classification, can be adapted to uncover latent activity patterns from human mobility data in an unsupervised manner. In this case, the activity episodes (i.e., discrete activity participations between trips) of an individual are treated as words in a document, and each "topic" represents a unique distribution over space and time that corresponds to some activity type. Specifically, a classical topic model, Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), is extended to incorporate multiple heterogeneous spatiotemporal attributes--the location, arrival time, day of week, and duration of stay. The model is tested with different choices of the number of activities Z, and the results demonstrate how new patterns may emerge as Z increases. The discovered latent activities reveal diverse spatiotemporal patterns, and provide a new way to characterize individual activity profiles.
Although stable in the short term, individual mobility patterns are subject to change in the long term. The ability to detect such changes is critical for developing behavior models that are adaptive over time. In this study, a travel pattern change is defined as "an abrupt, substantial, and persistent change in the underlying pattern of travel". To detect these changes from longitudinal travel records, we specify one distribution for each of the three dimensions of travel behavior (the frequency of travel, time of travel, and origins/destinations), and interpret the change of the parameters of the distributions as indicating a pattern change. A Bayesian method is developed to estimate the probability that a pattern change occurs at any given time for each behavioral dimension. The test results show that the method can successfully identify significant changepoints in travel patterns.
Compared to the traditional generalized likelihood ratio (GLR) approach, the Bayesian method requires fewer predefined parameters and is more robust. It is generalizable and may be applied to detect changes in other aspects of travel behavior and human behavior in general.
by Zhan Zhao.
Ph. D. in Transportation
Ph.D.inTransportation Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering

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Leontaridi, Marianthi Rannia. "Wage-employment patterns and mobility between sectors in a segmented labour market : the case of Britain." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2000. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU123241.

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The thesis examines the existence, or otherwise, of labour market segmentation in the UK labour market. Three different hypotheses are investigated. The existence of two self-contained labour market sectors, the difference in the wage and employment mechanisms across the two sectors and the lack of employee mobility among them. The first two hypotheses are investigated using cross-sectional data from the fifth wave of the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) in the context of a switching regression model with endogenous selection and known sample separation. The existence of two separate sectors and the difference in wage and employment mechanisms in the two of them are both established. Returns to education are on unemployment experience has a negative effect on the individual's sector attachment hypothesis is investigated by using the panel element of the BHPS data set. Very little mobility exists for secondary sector employees and a small probability that they would move to primary sector employment, in the short, medium or longer run. The third hypothesis is investigated by using the panel element of BHPS data set. Very would move to primary sector employment and no employment. The factors affecting an individual's entrapment in the secondary sector are examined in the framework of a bivariate model with partial observability, chosen to address the problem of endogenous selection into the individual's initial sector attachment state. Full-time employment status, firm size, trade union coverage, and male gender have a significant negative effect on the probability of employee entrapment in the secondary sector in the short, medium and longer run. However, their magnitude reduces substantially the longer the time period considered. Educational qualifications could act as springboards pushing secondary sector employees, eventually, into primary sector employment.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Patterns de mobilité'

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