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1
Keene, Deborah A. "Reevaluating Late Prehistoric Coastal Subsistence and Settlement Strategies: New Data from Grove's Creek Site, Skidaway Island, Georgia." American Antiquity 69, no. 4 (October 2004): 671–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4128443.
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This paper tests existing models of coastal subsistence strategies and settlement patterns of the late prehistoric inhabitants of the Southeastern U.S. Atlantic coastal plain. Excavations at Grove's Creek Site (09CH71), Skidaway Island, Georgia were conducted to determine the season of occupation of the site. Paleoethnobotanical and zooarchaeological data were used to determine the subsistence strategies of the inhabitants. Stable isotope analysis of oyster shells is combined with the faunal and botanical data to determine the seasons of occupation of the site. The most notable discovery was the diversity of agricultural plants. Paleoethnobotanical data indicate a spring through autumn occupation, and the stable isotope data indicate winter through summer. Faunal data suggest occupation from spring through early winter. Therefore, the site was occupied year-round. This information, coupled with other data from the Southeastern U.S. Atlantic Coast, suggests a revision to existing subsistence and settlement pattern models. Coastal peoples lived in permanent villages and relied on a mix of agriculture, hunting, fishing, and gathering. Short trips were likely made to procure some resources, but there was not an extensive seasonal round.
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Lins, Eduardo José Melo, Kalinny Patricia Vaz Lafayette, Ariela Rocha Cavalcanti, Luciana Cássia Lima da Silva, Josiane Maria de Santana Melo Lins, and Jonas da Silva Bezerra. "Análise Multitemporal do Uso e Ocupação do Solo no Puntal Del Chifre - Olinda/PE." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 14, no. 4 (2021): 2015–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v14.4.p2015-2027.
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Population growth patterns are linked to almost all the challenges that humanity faces, including the scarcity of adequate sites for human and environmental development. Thus, in the coastal zone of Puntal Del Chifre, many areas have given way to disordered urban occupation. The present study aims to evaluate the changes in land use and occupation occurring in the Puntal Del Horn located in the municipality of Olinda / PE, between 1975 and 2014, through the use of Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques. The results point to a significant increase in the urban area and decrease of the vegetation area.
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Delgado, Juan D., and Rodrigo Riera. "Anthropogenic disturbances and conservation of coastal environments in an oceanic archipelago." Revista de Gestão Costeira Integrada 20, no. 4 (December 2020): 249–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5894/rgci-n267.
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Oceanic islands are biotically fragile environments prone to suffer irreversible anthropogenic disturbances. The growth of the human population and the intensive occupation of the coastline are the cause of great ecological pressure on global insular coastal ecosystems. We review the current situation and future scenarios on a paradigmatic oceanic archipelago (Canary Islands, NE Atlantic Ocean), as a case study of the human footprint on marine coastal communities. The role of humans is pivotal, as we directly affect patterns of coastal occupation, pollution, invasive species or fishing. Here we synthesize the information that describes the current situation of the coastal ecosystems of the Canary Islands, indicating the main sources of environmental conflict and impacts. In addition, we review the state of the most relevant or threatened habitats and the taxonomic groups as actors of the main disturbances in the coastal ecosystems of the archipelago. We propose future general scenarios about expected changes, and foreseeable interactions that could occur to transform the coastal environments of the islands, in order to indicate areas susceptible to improvement for the conservation of these ecosystems. Integrative coastal actions are urgently needed for sustainable future scenarios to oppose deleterious trends such as tropicalization, fisheries collapse and extensive coastal degradation due to urbanization and infrastructure construction.
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FAULKNER, PATRICK. "Patterns of chronological variability in occupation on the coastal margin of Blue Mud Bay." Archaeology in Oceania 43, no. 2 (July 2008): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1834-4453.2008.tb00033.x.
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Barton, Loukas, Scott Shirar, and James W. Jordan. "Holocene Human Occupation of the Central Alaska Peninsula." Radiocarbon 60, no. 2 (March 4, 2018): 367–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2018.2.
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ABSTRACTThe Alaska Peninsula is a landscape defined by volcanic, tectonic, and glacial processes, and life throughout is conditioned on the interactions among them. During the middle Holocene (ca. 4100–3600 yr ago), intense caldera-forming eruptions of the Aniakchak and Veniaminof volcanoes changed the shape of the central portion of the Peninsula dramatically, and had significant and perhaps devastating impacts on both terrestrial and marine biota. Here we evaluate the severity of these impacts by tracking human settlement patterns using 75 unique radiocarbon (14C) age determinations on buried cultural features from the central Alaska Peninsula. Coastal regions were re-colonized within a few hundred years while river systems most proximate to the volcanoes were uninhabited for up to 1500 years following the most severe eruptions. Patterns of human settlement may also document previously unrecorded landscape change throughout the region, and further contribute to our understanding of post-volcanic ecological succession.
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Cattani, André Pereira, Gisela Costa Ribeiro, Olímpio Rafael Cardoso, Maíra Gnoatto Afonso, Maurício Hostim-Silva, Helen Audrey Pichler, and Henry Louis Spach. "Diversity and space-time dynamics of fish assemblages in a coastal lagoon, western Atlantic." Neotropical Biology and Conservation 14, no. 2 (July 22, 2019): 221–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neotropical.14.e37667.
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The knowledge of the temporal and spatial dynamics in the composition of fish fauna makes it possible to identify patterns of occupation of ecosystems, providing a basis for evaluation and preservation of the local biodiversity. Monthly samplings were carried out at seven sites in a coastal lagoon, using a casting net, dip net and beach seine. A total of 4,110 individuals were collected, distributed in 23 families and 49 taxa of fish, with a predominance of Mugilliza, M.curema, Atherinellabrasiliensis, Micropogoniasfurnieri and Eucinostomusargenteus, corresponding to more than 80% total weight of all individuals caught. Regarding seasonality, greater abundances were recorded in fall, influenced by the high abundance of A.brasiliensis in this period. In addition to fall, this species was also abundant in summer. However, this pattern of dominance was different for the families Mugilidae and Gerreidae, with higher abundances in spring and summer, respectively. The highest abundances were found in the southern section of the lagoon, which are related to the high abundance of A.brasiliensis, M.liza and M.curema. In relation to the indices of average taxonomic distinctness and variation in the taxonomic distinctness, no significant differences were detected between the seasons of the year. Thus, the patterns of distribution and occurrence of fish in the lagoon were consistent with the patterns observed in Brazilian coastal lagoons and estuaries, as well as to the coastal shallow areas of the southeastern and southern regions.
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Yan, Jinfeng, Ruiming Xiao, Fenzhen Su, Jinbiao Bai, and Feixue Jia. "Impact of Port Construction on the Spatial Pattern of Land Use in Coastal Zones Based on CLDI and LUT Models: A Case Study of Qingdao and Yantai." Remote Sensing 13, no. 16 (August 6, 2021): 3110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13163110.
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Ports are an important type of land use in coastal cities, and the development of ports has a significant influence on the spatial pattern of land use in port cities. However, the research focusing on economic indicators hardly reflects the process of changes in the spatial distribution of land development in coastal port cities. This paper introduces a spatial association rule method to establish a coastline and land development intensity (CLDI) model and land use transfer (LUT) model in the vertical direction of coastal zones to mine the association rules between shoreline change and land development intensity along the sea–land gradient in the Qingdao and Yantai coastal zones and to explore the important land development sequence patterns. The results showed that, in the early stage of regional development, the land development intensity decreased from sea to land. In the later stage, as the industry transferred to nearby towns, the land units with extremely strong and strong levels started to move to the end or middle of the sequence. With the improvement of the urban construction level, the simple LUT pattern sequence that increased building land through the occupation of cultivated land and forestland was replaced gradually by complex sequences with multiple components. The relationship between land development and distance from the port showed that the areas with strong land development intensity gradually moved from coastal to inland areas over time. Port shipping has a profound influence on port city land use patterns. Industrial transfer drives the development of surrounding towns during the metaphase. This trend was used to build a second port to realize the division of transportation capacity, as the old port’s carrying capacity tended to become saturated. This paper revealed the general changes in the important land use patterns in port areas through a comparative study of the Qingdao and Yantai port areas and the differences among different geographical locations and development processes. This study provides a reference for the rational planning of coastal zone spatial layouts and provides a model basis for the analysis of the spatial structure of coastal zones. This information can be used to coordinate the relationship between ports and cities and promote the sustainable development of coastal zones.
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DeBlasis, Paulo, Madu Gaspar, and Andreas Kneip. "Sambaquis from the Southern Brazilian Coast: Landscape Building and Enduring Heterarchical Societies throughout the Holocene." Land 10, no. 7 (July 19, 2021): 757. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10070757.
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This paper presents a heterarchical model for the regional occupation of the sambaqui (shellmound) societies settled in the southern coast of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Interdisciplinary approaches articulate the geographical scope and environmental dynamics of the Quaternary with human occupation patterns that took place therein between the middle and late Holocene (approximately 7.5 to 1.5 ky BP). The longue durée perspective on natural and social processes, as well as landscape construction, evince stable, integrated, and territorially organized communities around the lagoon setting. Funerary patterns, as well as mound distribution in the landscape, indicate a rather equalitarian society, sharing the economic use of coastal resources in cooperative ways. This interpretation is reinforced by a common ideological background involving the cult of the ancestors, which seems widespread all over the southern Brazilian shores along that period of time. Such a long-lived cultural tradition has endured until the arrival of fully agricultural Je and Tupi speaking societies in the southern shores.
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Jerardino, Antonieta, Juan C. Castilla, José Miguel Ramírez, and Nuriluz Hermosilla. "Early Coastal Subsistence Patterns in Central Chile: A Systematic Study of the Marine-Invertebrate Fauna from the Site of Curaumilla-1." Latin American Antiquity 3, no. 1 (March 1992): 43–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/971929.
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Curaumilla-1 presents the earliest date for Archaic coastal occupation and marine exploitation in central Chile (8,500 years B. P.). The remains of marine invertebrates from this site at Punta Curaumilla were studied. The number of present species, minimum number of individuals for 14 species, and mean sizes of two of these species were established. Recent studies have demonstrated that modern shellfish gatherers are important modifiers of rocky-intertidal communities in central Chile. Consequently, we attempt here to define the probable ecological role of past people at Punta Curaumilla as shellfish gatherers. The molluscan species present at Curaumilla-1 are much the same as those exploited at present by shellfish gatherers in central Chile. Two pulses of occupation were identified within the Archaic and Early Ceramic periods respectively. During these events it is likely that Precolumbian people may have temporarily or permanently modified sectors of the rocky intertidal at Punta Curaumilla.
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Toledo, Mauro B. de, and Mark B. Bush. "A Holocene pollen record of savanna establishment in coastal Amapá." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 80, no. 2 (June 2008): 341–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37652008000200013.
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The main goal of this study was to investigate how climate and human activities may have influenced ecotonal areas of disjoint savannas within Brazilian Amazonia. The fossil pollen and charcoal records of Lake Márcio (Amapá) were used to provide a Holocene palaeoecological history of this region. Detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) was used to enhance the patterns of sample distribution along the sediment core. A marked vegetation change from closed forests with swamp elements to open flooded savanna at c. 5000 yrs BP was evident from the pollen record. Charcoal analysis revealed a pattern of increased accumulation of particles coincident with the establishment of savannas, suggesting higher fire frequency and human impacts near the lake. A 550-year sedimentary hiatus suggests that the lake depended heavily on floodwaters from the Amazon River, and that it became suddenly isolated from it. When sedimentation restarted in the lake, the environment had changed. A combination of factors, such as reduced river flooding, palaeofires and human occupation may have had a tremendous impact on the environment. As there are no other major changes in vegetation, after 4700 yrs BP, it is plausible to assume that the modern mosaic vegetation formed at that time.
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Muhammad Ali, Nawazeesh. "Impact of climate change and natural catastrophe on the occupational changes in the coastal areas of Bangladesh: an empirical study." Environmental Economics 9, no. 1 (February 6, 2018): 22–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ee.09(1).2018.02.
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Occupation of the populace who live in the coastal areas of Bangladesh needs to be changed in the pattern of source of income owing to sea level rise and natural disaster in a cyclical manner and also irregular variations. This is now a great concern for Bangladesh especially in the country’s coastal regions. As such, the research question relates to assessing the impact of climate change and natural catastrophe on the occupational changes in the coastal areas of Bangladesh. This study explored using both primary and secondary sources. The study had been conducted from May to December 2017. The study found that climate change was causing sea level raising and created salinity problem in the coastal areas, which has caused change of the occupational changes. Salinity problem had caused damage of most of the agricultural production, fisheries and household. The binary logistic regression equation indicated that occupational change was due to climate change and natural catastrophe that also depend on socio-economic situation of the people of that area of the country. From another binary logistic regression equation, it was found that occupational change also depends on the various demographic factors and if the personal position of the respondents is changed then it will occur. Each year in coastal areas, people are permanently and temporarily dispersed because of global warming in Bangladesh. The country should take effective steps in the coastal areas to diminish climate change threat and also control over its phenomenon. Those who are responsible internally to increase climate change should be supported by creating employment opportunities for affecting community development as suggested by the researcher. To reduce natural catastrophe, more trees should be planted in the coastal regions, and there is a need in balanced development at urban and rural areas without destroying nature.
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Coelho, Carlos, Raquel Silva, Fernando Veloso-Gomes, and Francisco Taveira-Pinto. "Potential effects of climate change on northwest Portuguese coastal zones." ICES Journal of Marine Science 66, no. 7 (May 14, 2009): 1497–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsp132.
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Abstract Coelho, C., Silva, R., Veloso-Gomes, F., and Taveira-Pinto, F. 2009. Potential effects of climate change on northwest Portuguese coastal zones. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 1497–1507. Coastal erosion is a common problem in Europe; a result of the dynamic nature of its coastal zones, of anthropogenic influences, such as coastal interventions and littoral occupation, and of the effects of climate change. The increase in the occurrence of extreme events, the weakening of river-sediment supplies, and the general acceleration of sea level rise (SLR) probably tends to aggravate coastal erosion on decadal time-scales. Describing vulnerability and risk patterns for energetic environmental actions is important for coastal planning and management to rationalize the decision-making process. To minimize negative effects, the various processes causing erosion must be understood to assess the possible prediction scenarios for coastal evolution in the medium to long term. This paper describes the application of a coastal (shoreline evolution) numerical model to a stretch of the Portuguese coast to determine the effects of various scenarios of wave action and SLR that might result from climate change over the next 25 years. We conclude that the effects of SLR are less important than changes in wave action. The numerical model was also applied in a generic situation to compare shoreline evolution with and without anthropogenic intervention.
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Copertino, Margareth S., Joel C. Creed, Marianna O. Lanari, Karine Magalhães, Kcrishna Barros, Paulo C. Lana, Laura Sordo, and Paulo A. Horta. "Seagrass and Submerged Aquatic Vegetation (VAS) Habitats off the Coast of Brazil: state of knowledge, conservation and main threats." Brazilian Journal of Oceanography 64, spe2 (2016): 53–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-875920161036064sp2.
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Abstract Seagrass meadows are among the most threatened ecosystems on earth, raising concerns about the equilibrium of coastal ecosystems and the sustainability of local fisheries. The present review evaluated the current status of the research on seagrasses and submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) habitats off the coast of Brazil in terms of plant responses to environmental conditions, changes in distribution and abundance, and the possible role of climate change and variability. Despite an increase in the number of studies, the communication of the results is still relatively limited and is mainly addressed to a national or regional public; thus, South American seagrasses are rarely included or cited in global reviews and models. The scarcity of large-scale and long-term studies allowing the detection of changes in the structure, abundance and composition of seagrass habitats and associated species still hinders the investigation of such communities with respect to the potential effects of climate change. Seagrass meadows and SAV occur all along the Brazilian coast, with species distribution and abundance being strongly influenced by regional oceanography, coastal water masses, river runoff and coastal geomorphology. Based on these geomorphological, hydrological and ecological features, we characterised the distribution of seagrass habitats and abundances within the major coastal compartments. The current conservation status of Brazilian seagrasses and SAV is critical. The unsustainable exploitation and occupation of coastal areas and the multifold anthropogenic footprints left during the last 100 years led to the loss and degradation of shoreline habitats potentially suitable for seagrass occupation. Knowledge of the prevailing patterns and processes governing seagrass structure and functioning along the Brazilian coast is necessary for the global discussion on climate change. Our review is a first and much-needed step toward a more integrated and inclusive approach to understanding the diversity of coastal plant formations along the Southwestern Atlantic coast as well as a regional alert the projected or predicted effects of global changes on the goods and services provided by regional seagrasses and SAV.
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Neff, Hector, Deborah M. Pearsall, John G. Jones, Bárbara Arroyo, Shawn K. Collins, and Dorothy E. Freidel. "Early Maya Adaptive Patterns: Mid-Late Holocene Paleoenvironmental Evidence from Pacific Guatemala." Latin American Antiquity 17, no. 3 (September 2006): 287–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25063054.
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AbstractWe summarize what is known about Archaic period occupation of southeastern Mesoamerica and Central America as background for presenting new paleoenvironmental evidence of pre-Early Formative human impacts on the landscape of Pacific coastal Guatemala. Our evidence comes from sediment cores in three locations, all of which are in the mangrove-estuary zone of the lower coast. Pollen and phytoliths from the cores document increased burning, decreased forest cover, the appearance of domesticates, and increased disturbance indicators at various times during the Archaic period, the earliest being around 3500 cal B.C. The available evidence demonstrates that shifting horticulture was an early and widespread adaptation to the southeastern Mesoamerican deciduous tropical forest and constituted the base from which later adaptations, including that of early Maya farmers, differentiated. Early Formative adaptive innovations may have been favored by shifts in return rates from various estuarine and terrestrial resources during a dry and variable interval 2000 and 1500 cal B.C.
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Bertolo, Lídia S., Guilherme T. N. P. de Lima, and Rozely F. dos Santos. "Indexes of spatio-temporal change to reconstruct the historical evolution of a coastal region: case study: São Sebastião Island - SP." Brazilian Journal of Oceanography 58, spe3 (June 2010): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-87592010000700006.
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The coastal regions of Brazil have lost most of their distinct characteristics due to an intense, diverse, and long history of land use. The current scenario is the result of successive changes which have taken place since the colonization of Brazil. These changes should be taken into account in environmental planning since the decisions about the future depend on the understanding of past changes. In this regard, the aim of this study was to identify and quantify the spatio-temporal changes in land use in a coastal region, using principles of landscape ecology and scenario construction. The case study was the São Sebastião Island, divided into 61 watersheds, off the northern coast of São Paulo State (Brazil). The study involved the development and application of a methodology to interpret the historical dynamics of the island. The driving forces were identified and indexes of change were calculated to define the phases of occupation of the island. Five phases of occupation of the coastal landscape were mapped: preservation, conservation, regeneration, exploitation and urbanization. These phases represent a pattern of internal heterogeneity, sometimes positive (environmental conservation), and sometimes negative (environmental degradation).
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Hutchinson, Ian, and Alan D. McMillan. "Archaeological Evidence for Village Abandonment Associated with Late Holocene Earthquakes at the Northern Cascadia Subduction Zone." Quaternary Research 48, no. 1 (July 1997): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1997.1890.
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Geologic evidence suggests that great (magnitude 8 or larger) earthquakes, or series of such earthquakes, occurred six times in the past 3000 yr at the northern Cascadia subduction zone. The archaeological record, and native oral traditions, demonstrate that native villages along the adjacent coasts of southern British Columbia and Washington State were occasionally abandoned in the late Holocene as a result of these earthquakes and associated tsunamis. We infer the temporal pattern of village occupation and abandonment from midden stratigraphy and from an activity index based on the probability distributions of radiocarbon ages at 30 archaeological sites in three regions of northern Cascadia. Deposits of probable tsunami origin are interbedded with, or bound, cultural strata at several sites. Earthquakes probably predate hiatuses in occupation, or periods of low inferred human activity, at many sites. The strongest correlation between earthquake incidence and site abandonment occurs in the Nootka Sound region. Effects of tsunamis vary with village location, coastal morphology, and late Holocene sea-level history.
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Johansen, Hans Chr, Per Madsen, and Ole Degn. "Fishing Families in Three Danish Coastal Communities." Journal of Family History 18, no. 4 (September 1993): 357–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/036319909301800405.
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Earlier studies of population in Denmark have dealt mainly with demographic behavior in rural areas that depended on agriculture and where restricted access to limited resources resulted in very high ages at first marriage and small average household size. This study concentrates on another agrarian variant—fishing communities. Developments in three coastal communities were analyzed for the period 1787–1901. The inhabitants lived mainly from fishing. Given the technology of the day, this was an occupation with nearly unlimited resources. Furthermore, there were no legal restrictions on the partitioning of land in the hamlets on the coast or on fishing in nearby coastal waters. These conditions resulted in earlier marriages, but not in a different family type. Young people in the hamlets established their own households when they married, and fishermen conformed to the nuclear family pattern dominant in the Nordic countries.
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Manna, Luisa Resende, Carla Ferreira Rezende, and Rosana Mazzoni. "Habitat use by Astyanax taeniatus (Jenyns, 1842) (Characiformes: Characidae) in a coastal stream from Southeast Brazil." Neotropical Ichthyology 12, no. 1 (March 2014): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-62252014000100020.
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The habitat use of a stream-dwelling Astyanax taeniatus from the State of Rio de Janeiro was investigated. We performed 12 h of underwater observation in a 200 m long stretch in the upper Roncador stream and quantified the following microhabitat descriptors: (i) water velocity, (ii) distance from the stream bank, (iii) substratum, and (iv) water column depth. Microhabitat selectivity was analyzed by comparing the microhabitat used by fish and the microhabitat available in the study site as well as by applying the Ivlev Electivity Index to the microhabitat use data. Differences in the use and availability of the various microhabitats revealed non-stochastic patterns of spatial occupation by A. taeniatus, which was selective for two of the four analyzed microhabitats. Our findings indicated that A. taeniatusis associated with habitats that have higher depths, low water velocity, and sand and bedrock substratum.
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Fialkowski, Marie K., Megan A. McCrory, Sparkle M. Roberts, J. Kathleen Tracy, Lynn M. Grattan, and Carol J. Boushey. "Dietary patterns are associated with dietary recommendations but have limited relationship to BMI in the Communities Advancing the Studies of Tribal Nations Across the Lifespan (CoASTAL) cohort." Public Health Nutrition 15, no. 10 (February 21, 2012): 1948–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980012000122.
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AbstractObjectiveTraditional food systems in indigenous groups have historically had health-promoting benefits. The objectives of the present study were to determine if a traditional dietary pattern of Pacific Northwest Tribal Nations (PNwT) could be derived using reduced rank regression and if the pattern would be associated with lower BMI and current Dietary Reference Intakes.DesignThe baseline data from the Communities Advancing the Studies of Tribal Nations Across the Lifespan (CoASTAL) cohort were used to derive dietary patterns for the total sample and those with plausibly reported energy intakes.SettingPacific Northwest Coast of Washington State, USA.SubjectsAdult PNwT members of the CoASTAL cohort with laboratory-measured weight and height and up to 4 d of dietary records (n418).ResultsA traditional dietary pattern did not evolve from the analysis. Moderate consumption of a sweet drinks dietary pattern was associated with lower BMI while higher consumption of a vegetarian-based dietary pattern was associated with higher BMI. The highest consumers of the vegetarian-based dietary pattern were almost six times more likely to meet the recommendations for dietary fibre.ConclusionsDistinct dietary patterns were found. Further exploration is needed to confirm whether the lack of finding a traditional pattern is due to methodology or the loss of a traditional dietary pattern among this population. Longitudinal assessment of the CoASTAL cohort's dietary patterns needs to continue.
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Ilieva, Petya. "ARCHAIC WHEELMADE CERAMICS FROM THE CAVE OF MARONEIA AND KREMASTO (ASAR TEPE), AEGEAN THRACE." Annual of the British School at Athens 108 (November 2013): 137–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068245413000051.
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This article presents seventh and sixth century bc wheelmade ceramics excavated at two sites not far from the coastal area of Mount Ismaros in Aegean Thrace. It aims to introduce new evidence and to throw light on some aspects of the archaeology of the Archaic period in the area occupied by the Thracian Kikones. All the pottery sherds originate from the hilltop settlement at Kremasto (Asar Tepe) and the Cave of Maroneia, both located on the southern slopes of Mount Ismaros. Although both sites are situated in relative geographical proximity to one another, within the same ancient tribal area, they reveal two different patterns of human occupation and diversity in consumption patterns. The varying quantities and features of the wheelmade ceramics from both sites suggest that, while the limited sherds from the Kremasto settlement reflect, more likely, a sporadic import of luxurious objects by its inhabitants, the Grey and painted wares from the cave imply that they were used by people well acquainted with this type of pottery in their daily routine.
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Sosa, Thelma Sierra, Andrea Cucina, T. Douglas Price, James H. Burton, and Vera Tiesler. "MAYA COASTAL PRODUCTION, EXCHANGE, LIFE STYLE, AND POPULATION MOBILITY: A VIEW FROM THE PORT OF XCAMBO, YUCATAN, MEXICO." Ancient Mesoamerica 25, no. 1 (2014): 221–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956536114000133.
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AbstractAnchored in archaeological, bioarchaeological, and chemical research conducted at the coastal enclave of Xcambo, this paper examines Classic period Maya coastal saline economic production and exchange, along with the lifestyle, ethnicity, and mobility of the traders. Nestled in the coastal marshlands of the northern Yucatan, Mexico, Xcambo functioned as a salt production center and port during its occupation, maintaining long-reaching ties with other parts of the Maya world and Veracruz. Considered together, the different data sets document a reorientation in Xcambo's exchange routes and connections, which are echoed by increasingly diverse cultural affiliations and an increasing geographic mobility of Xcambo's merchants. This new information confirms the known pattern of gradually intensifying, though still relatively independent, trade dynamics along the Maya coast in the centuries leading up to the so-called “Maya collapse” and the rise of a new merchant league under the control of Chichen Itza. It was this new order that probably led to the swift end of Xcambo soon aftera.d.700.
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Molla, Morshed Hossan, Mohammed Arifur Rahman, Mohammad Shahjahan, Prabal Baura, and Abdul Quader. "Rural to urban migration of disaster induced displaced people in coastal area of Bangladesh: An analysis of risk and opportunity." Resources and Environmental Economics 3, no. 2 (2021): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.25082/ree.2021.02.001.
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Displacement is the earlier concept of civilization but climate induced displacement is the contemporary issue as climate victim of modern and industrialized world. The prime aim of the study was to investigate the rural to urban migration of disaster induced displacement in coastal area of Bangladesh addressing to risks and opportunities. The study mainly based on primary data and secondary data was used for validation. Primary data have been obtained through the quantitative along with qualitative sources. Qualitative data were attained through Participant Observation, Key Informant Interview (KII) and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) methods. Quantitative data have been acquired through the field study consisting of a questionnaire survey. Data were interpreted by the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS-20). The study reveals that after displacement nearly 89% displaced people migrated from rural (Kutubdia Island) to Cox’s Bazar urban area. Consequently, meantime their monthly income, occupational status, housing and sanitation condition, source of drinking water and health care facilities were changed positively but in most cases they are dissatisfied. Because they lost their traditional and indigenous occupations system (after migration nearly 30% dissatisfied about their occupation but before migration it was 16%) and their housing pattern and conditions become worsen. Availability of water and sanitation facility and healthcare seeking behavior changed positively in the urban area. However, in urban area they faced multi-dimensional problems such as harassment by mussel man (14%) and local elite group influence (32%), loss of identity and dignity, freedom of speech, social stratification, loss of socio-cultural harmony and fear of eviction as well as involvement of different types of illegal activities, such as drug addiction and smuggling and so on. Finally, the study revealed that there is risk and opportunity for climate displaced people in urban migration. However, planned migration of disaster induced displaced people can reduce the risk factors in the urban setting.
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Sampson, Christina Perry, and Timothy J. Horsley. "Using Multistaged Magnetic Survey and Excavation to Assess Community Settlement Organization: A Case Study from the Central Peninsular Gulf Coast of Florida." Advances in Archaeological Practice 8, no. 1 (December 18, 2019): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aap.2019.45.
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AbstractIntegrating geophysical survey with the study of community settlement patterns can be challenging because of cultural and environmental factors including (1) site formation and house preservation, (2) the coordination of domestic tasks at extra-household scales, and (3) the survey environment of the study area. In this article, we present the results of a program of geophysical survey comprising magnetic susceptibility and magnetometry at Weeden Island (8Pi1)—a shell-bearing, wooded site with nearly pure sand soils on the Gulf Coast of Florida. Combining remote sensing techniques mitigated some of the challenges of surveying forested terrain while providing insight into community organization at a site with minimal preserved structural remains. Compared with previous traditional surveys of the area, the geophysical survey extended the recognized boundaries of occupational activity, provided additional definition to the spatial structure of deposits, and allowed us to identify specific domestic features. Excavations at each area of intensive occupation provided evidence about the organization of the domestic economy at the site and showed the potential of this approach to reveal significant patterns of community settlement.
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Pontes, RC, RT Santori, FC Gonçalves e. Cunha, and JAL Pontes. "Habitat selection by anurofauna community at rocky seashore in coastal Atlantic Forest, Southeastern Brazil." Brazilian Journal of Biology 73, no. 3 (August 2013): 533–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842013000300011.
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Rocky seashores are low granitic hills distributed along the southeastern Brazilian coast with xeric-like vegetation due to the shallow soil. Knowledge on amphibian communities and their reproductive patterns is especially reduced on this kind of environment. Herein, we present a framework of two years monitoring an amphibian community at a rocky seashore environment located at the protected area of Parque Estadual da Serra da Tiririca, municipality of Niterói, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. We conducted diurnal and nocturnal searches for frogs in tank bromeliads, rocky surface and shrubby vegetation. Annual pattern of breeding activity of anurans was also estimated. Individuals of the most abundant tank-bromeliad, Alcantarea glaziouana were collected and measured according to several variables to understanding the selection of bromeliads by frogs. We checked the influence of the environmental conditions on amphibian abundance, association between the bromeliads measures, and the water storage in the tank. We recorded the species: Scinax aff. x-signatus; S. cuspidatus; S. littoreus; Thoropa miliaris and Gastrotheca sp. Bromeliads were the preferential habitat used by anurans. The nocturnal habit was predominant for all species and during diurnal searches, the specimens were found sheltered in bromeliads axils. The number of calling males as well as amphibian abundance was associated with the rainiest and warmest period of the year. The species S. littoreus was observed in breeding activity in the majority of sample period. Adult calling males of T. miliaris were observed especially in the rainy season. Rainfall and temperature combined are positively correlated to the total number of captured amphibians. However, individually, rainfall was not significantly correlated, while temperature was positively correlated with the amphibian abundance. Water storage capacity by bromeliads was correlated to characteristics and size of the plant. In the rainy season, the height of the plant and the diameter on top view were correlated with the occurrence of amphibians, while during the driest period there was no correlation among variables and the bromeliad usage by amphibians. Recorded species were strongly associated to the Atlantic Forest domain. Nevertheless, the occupation of rocky seashores by anurans may be more associated with the specialized reproductive modes presented by species, since there is no permanent water available in ponds or streams.
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Roloson, Scott D., Sean J. Landsman, Raymond Tana, Brendan J. Hicks, Jon W. Carr, Fred Whoriskey, and Michael R. van den Heuvel. "Otolith microchemistry and acoustic telemetry reveal anadromy in non-native rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Prince Edward Island, Canada." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 77, no. 7 (July 2020): 1117–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2019-0229.
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This study examined the migratory patterns of introduced rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in three rivers in Prince Edward Island, Canada, using acoustic telemetry and otolith microchemistry. Only 6% of acoustically tagged fish in three river systems left coastal embayments. A cohort of rainbow trout in all three rivers entered saline waters. Habitat use differed among migrants in the three rivers, as Montague River fish occupied estuary habitat (mean 20.79 PSU) more often than West River and Dunk River fish that tended to occupy both riverine tidal (mean 1.27 and 4.29 PSU, respectively) and freshwater habitats (<0.5 PSU), particularly during summer months (July and August). A second cohort of rainbow trout remained exclusively in fresh water. Migratory individuals were more likely to arise from anadromous mothers, but freshwater mothers produced migratory offspring in all sites. Migratory individuals were significantly larger than nonmigratory freshwater residents. This study suggests that partial residency was the primary strategy, with prominent tidal occupation, while secondary marine and freshwater contingents were included in the full range of successful migratory strategies.
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Nasif Ahsan, Md. "Effects of livelihood strategies on mangrove-forest resource." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 25, no. 6 (September 2, 2014): 696–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-05-2013-0048.
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Purpose – The cumulative effects of climate change exacerbate interruption of social-ecological system. The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether the consumption smoothing along with other socioeconomic parameters of households affects the common pool resource base of a forest in an economic depression resulted from climate change triggered disasters. Design/methodology/approach – This paper is a field level study of Koyra sub-district in the Southwestern coastal region of Bangladesh. Several parameters namely climatic trends and events, damage pattern suffered by households, change in land ownership and occupation pattern and consumption dependency pattern were considered. Methods used for data collection were household questionnaire survey and focus group discussions in the study area. Findings – Both the intensity and frequency of climate change led catastrophes are found higher in the study area resulting damage of assets and capital goods of households. The average annual disaster damage borne by per household is found US$177. Over the last two decades 8.21 per cent households become landless. During same time span more than 25 per cent households switched from cropping to other non-agricultural occupations and more than 26 per cent households depend on forest resource for their consumption smoothing. Originality/value – The paper provides insights how climate change led disasters induce the households to depend on the resource from the mangrove forest Sundarbans for their livelihood earning as well as consumption smoothing.
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Benhamou, F., D. Marzoug, Z. Boutiba, A. Kostadinova, and A. Pérez-Del-Olmo. "Parasite communities in two sparid fishes from the western Mediterranean: a comparative analysis based on samples from three localities off the Algerian coast." Helminthologia 54, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/helm-2017-0003.
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Summary We provide the first known comparative assessment of metazoan parasite communities in two taxonomically and ecologically related sparids, Boops boops and Spicara maena, that are common in the coastal infralittoral habitats in the Mediterranean. Using abundant data for infracommunities in three localities off the Algerian coasts of the Mediterranean, we tested the general prediction that the phylogenetic proximity of the two hosts, their overlapping geographical distribution and habitat occupation, as well as the similar feeding habits and diet would contribute to a homogenization of their parasite community composition and structure. The regional fauna of parasites of B. boops and S. maena along the Algerian coasts of the western Mediterranean was species-rich (36 species) and dominated by heteroxenous species (27 spp; of these 20 digenean spp.). The phylogenetic relatedness between the two hosts resulted in a large number of shared parasites (56 %, 20 spp.). However, the significant overlap in the parasite faunas of the two sparid hosts and their similar feeding habits and diet did not translate into homogeneous parasite community pattern; a significant differentiation in terms of both, composition and structure, was observed.
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PArry-Jones, KA, and ML Augee. "Movements of grey-headed flying foxes (Pteropus poliocephalus) to and from colony site on the central coast of New South Wales." Wildlife Research 19, no. 3 (1992): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9920331.
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Movements and numbers of grey-headed flying foxes (Pteropus poliocephalus) were recorded in and around a colony site on the central coast of New South Wales over a period of 53 months from 1986 to 1990. Daily departures from the site correlated primarily with the time of sunset. Annual occupation cycles showed wide flutuations with only one fiied period, March-May, when a mating colony of at least 20 000 bats was at the site. In most years a small nursery colony was present during October- December. Superimposed on this reproductive use of the site were highly variable patterns of occupation correlated with fluctuations in food supply. Local abundances of blossoms such as Angophorafloribunda and Eucalyptus maculata resulted in colony numbers of at least 80 000 bats.
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Belda-Carrasco, Rafael, Emilio Iranzo-García, and Juan Antonio Pascual-Aguilar. "Landscape Dynamics in Mediterranean Coastal Areas: Castelló de la Plana in the Last Hundred Years." Landscape Online 69 (June 1, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3097/lo.201969.
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The littoral areas of the Mediterranean coastline have undergone a significant transformation due to their historical and intense human occupation. The result has been an evolution of different cultural landscape configurations, ranging from those with a marked agrarian character to artificial ones derived from the process of urbanisation and metropolitan growth. The objective of this paper is to define a model to characterise landscape types and units that explains the landscape dynamics (1910-2015) in Mediterranean coastal spaces at local scale, taking as study area the municipality and surroundings of Castelló de la Plana, in Spain. The aim is to identify the way in which society has appropriated and occupied this space. This research seeks to analyse landscape metrics that link dynamics in both space and time to provide a comprehensive image of landscape dynamics. The methodological procedure is based on the diachronic study of the landscape to discern a pattern of change in the cultural landscape over time and space that allows us to explain the current situation of the landscape and its relationship with urbanisation and urban planning.
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Nasrin, Dilara, Mahmuda Binte Latif, Shamim Al Mamun, Reyad Hossain Arif, and Muliadi Muliadi. "Impact of Cyclone on Livelihood Pattern in the South Western Coastal Region of Bangladesh: Pirojpur." Jurnal Akta Kimia Indonesia (Indonesia Chimica Acta) 13, no. 1 (June 21, 2020): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/ica.v13i1.10167.
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This research was carried out to assess the impact of cyclone on livelihood pattern in Pirojpur district, Bangladesh during January to June, 2017. The study was both qualitative and quantitative type. The primary data were collected using randomly sampling method (42+42+42=126 respondents) from Tushkhali, Bhitabaria and Pattashi villages of Pirojpur district. The secondary data were collected from different journals, articles, books, official documents, thesis papers and also daily newspapers etc. From the study it was observed that monthly income of middle (4001-8000 tk) and high (8001-above tk) income groups ware decreased by 5% and 0.92% respectively while low income people (1-4000 tk) was increased due to decrease of production after Sidr. On the other hand, expenditure ability of low and middle income groups was decreased. Sidr has created a great impact on human health, livestock, fisheries, food habit, crop production and occupation pattern of the affected people. Respondent’s houses were damaged partially (66.78%), 33.22% completely and cultivated land 28.57 % completely by Sidr in study area. Respondents of the study area said that the production of rice (8%), chili (12%), and vegetables (11%) were reduced due to saline water entrance into the crop field after Sidr. Affected people were migrated (temporary 23.10%, local 25% and internal 26.10%) from Pirojpur to Dhaka (53%), Pirojpur to other places (47%) on the post Sidr due to loss of houses, shelters, cultivated land and lack of job opportunity. Among all factors of temporary migration, water logging was the first reason of migrating people of the study area.
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Md Mohiuddin, Samshad Nowreen, and Uchinlayen. "Commercial Shrimp Farming at Coastal Areas in Bangladesh and Its Effects on Livelihood and Environment: A Study on Paikgacha Upazila, Khulna." Dhaka University Journal of Science 66, no. 2 (July 26, 2018): 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v66i2.54550.
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The study focuses on the changing livelihood pattern and the environment through shrimp farming in Bangladesh where the country is one of the largest producers of shrimp in the whole world. Shrimp production sector is contributing to the national economy of Bangladesh very fast other than any other sectors. This sector is the second top production sector of the century. This study was based on survey method; especially survey was done by questionnaire survey, where the primary data were collected from questionnaire survey. Although the environmental impact of shrimp cultivation is very adverse, the sector is becoming more popular because of huge profit. Therefore, the study found the change in pattern along with occupation, land use practice, sources of food, specially protein intake, transportation etc. Furthermore, the study found the adverse impact of intruding brackish water on surrounding environment and both on flora and fauna.
Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 66(2): 87-90, 2018 (July)
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Yates, David, and Richard Bradley. "The Siting of Metalwork Hoards in the Bronze Age of South-East England." Antiquaries Journal 90 (March 18, 2010): 41–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003581509990461.
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AbstractThe paper discusses the siting of Middle and Late Bronze Age hoards in south Hampshire, Sussex and parts of Surrey and Kent. It presents the results of fieldwork at the findspots of a hundred metalwork deposits and discusses the most informative ways of studying them on the ground. On the coastal plain the hoards were not far from occupation sites, and can be associated with evidence of burnt mounds and occasionally with field systems. That was less common on the chalk. Throughout the study area these deposits were normally located along watercourses, with a special emphasis on small areas of ground beside, or overlooking springs and confluences. It seems as if the deposition of bronze metalwork was governed by certain conventions. For that reason it may be possible to predict the pattern of future discoveries.
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Fyfe, Christopher. "1787–1887–1987: reflections on a Sierra Leone bicentenary." Africa 57, no. 4 (October 1987): 411–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1159891.
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Opening ParagraphSeen in the widest perspective, 1787 is only one date among the uncounted tens, perhaps hundreds, of thousands of years during which the present Sierra Leone has been inhabited. Archaeologists have done disappointingly little work there. But it is clear from their findings (and by implication from findings in the rest of forest-belt West Africa) that people have lived there a very long time. Though traditional historiography always tends to present the peoples of Sierra Leone as immigrants from somewhere else, the language pattern suggests continuous occupation over a very long period. As Paul Hair (1967) has shown, there has been a striking linguistic continuity in coastal West Africa since the fifteenth century. Nor is there evidence to suggest that before that period stability and continuity were not the norm.
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Cai, Wenbo, Qing Zhu, Meitian Chen, and Yongli Cai. "Spatiotemporal Change and the Natural–Human Driving Processes of a Megacity’s Coastal Blue Carbon Storage." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16 (August 23, 2021): 8879. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168879.
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Coastal blue carbon storage (CBCS) plays a key role in addressing global climate change and realizing regional carbon neutrality. Although blue carbon has been studied for some years, there is little understanding of the influence of a megacity’s complex natural and human-driven processes on CBCS. Taking the Shanghai coastal area as an example, this study investigated the spatiotemporal change in CBCS using the InVEST (Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs) model during 1990–2015, and analyzed the response of the CBCS to a megacity’s complex natural- and human-driven processes through a land use/land cover transition matrix and hierarchical clustering. The results were as follows: (1) Thirty-three driving processes were identified in the study area, including four natural processes (e.g., accretion, succession, erosion, etc.), two human processes (reclamation and restoration) and twenty-seven natural–human coupled processes; they were further combined into single and multiple processes with positive and negative influences on the CBCS into four types (Mono+, Mono−, Multiple+ and Multiple− driving processes). (2) Shanghai’s CBCS increased from 1659.44 × 104 Mg to 1789.78 ×104 Mg, though the amount of Shanghai’s coastal carbon sequestration showed a decreasing trend in three periods: 51.28 × 104 Mg in 1990–2000, 42.90 × 104 Mg in 2000–2009 and 36.15 × 104 Mg in 2009–2015, respectively. (3) There were three kinds of spatiotemporal patterns in the CBCS of this study area: high adjacent to the territorial land, low adjacent to the offshore waters in 1990; high in the central part, low in the peripheral areas in 2009 and 2015; and a mixed pattern in 2000. These patterns resulted from the different driving processes present in the different years. This study could serve as a blueprint for restoring and maintaining the CBCS of a megacity, to help mitigate the conflicts between socioeconomic development and the conservation of the CBCS, especially in the Shanghai coastal area.
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Islam, Mohammad Mahmudul, Naimul Islam, Ahasan Habib, and Mohammad Mojibul Hoque Mozumder. "Climate Change Impacts on a Tropical Fishery Ecosystem: Implications and Societal Responses." Sustainability 12, no. 19 (September 25, 2020): 7970. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12197970.
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The present study aimed to map out the current threats and anticipated impacts of climate change on the most important hilsa shad (Tenualosa ilisha) fishery and the associated fishing communities based on fieldwork in six coastal fishing communities. To collect empirical data, individual interviews, focus group discussions, oral history, and key informant interviews were conducted. To supplement the empirical findings, time-series data of cyclones and sea-borne depressions in the Bay of Bengal were also analyzed. Analysis of secondary data regarding climate change-induced events and regional studies suggested that the biophysical conditions of the Bay of Bengal are likely to be aggravated in the future, potentially causing more frequent extreme events and affecting the livelihoods of coastal fishing communities in Bangladesh. The fisher respondents revealed that the main target hilsa shad fishery is particularly vulnerable to climate change in terms of alterations to migration patterns and breeding and growth performance. The fishers reported constant climate-related risks because they live in seafront locations, exposed to extreme events, and their occupation entails risky sea fishing. Fishers claimed that they often need return to the coast due to unsuitable weather conditions related to cyclones and frequent tropical depressions, which can cause financial losses or even causalities. Such events negatively affect fishers’ livelihoods, and wellbeing. To cope with the impacts of climate change the fishers have adopted various strategies at both sea fishing and household levels. However, these strategies only support the fishers in terms of immediate survival; they are not enough for long-term resilience. To improve the resilience of the hilsa fishers, the study argues for the implementation the Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines (SSF Guidelines), which call for longer-term development goals, including in the immediate relief phase, and rehabilitation, reconstruction, and recovery to reduce vulnerabilities to climate and anthropogenic risks.
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Gorelik, Alexander Felix, Andrej Tsybrij, and Viktor Tsybrij. "‘Neolithisation’ in the NE Sea of Azov region: one step forward, two steps back?" Documenta Praehistorica 43 (December 30, 2016): 139–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.43.6.
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In this paper we present the migratory nature of an initial Neolithisation in the Sea of Azov area on the basis of an analysis of comparatively new and a revision of old materials from the Early Neolithic period. As the ‘ancestral land’ of elements of the Neolithic package, the region of Zagros Mountains is considered, from where communication with Lower Don across the Caucasian coast of the Black Sea and Sea of Azov or by sea took place in the PPNB period. It seems that infiltration did not lead to a strong Neolithic transformation as seen in other regions ‘secondary Neolithisation’, e.g., in Europe. The choice of a place for repeated occupation, the organisation of the living area, way of life, subsistence, and perception of the world, for a long time remained typical of the foragers of river valleys, lake, and coastal areas of Europe. This pattern probably continued until the large-scale human movements of the Copper Age.
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Lawes, Jasmin C., Luke Strasiotto, Shane Daw, and Amy E. Peden. "When Natural Hazards Intersect with Public Health: A Preliminary Exploration of the Impact of Bushfires and the COVID-19 Pandemic on Australian Coastal Drowning Fatalities." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 10 (May 17, 2021): 5314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105314.
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Natural hazards combined with the COVID-19 pandemic have had significant global impacts to the community and the environment. This study explores the impact of the Australian 2019/20 bushfires followed by the COVID-19 pandemic on unintentional coastal drowning fatalities. Fatality data were collated using triangulation methodology. Percentage change in coastal drowning fatalities between 2019/20 financial year (FY) and the 15FY annual average (2004/5–2018/19) were calculated for the dominant bushfire period (August 2019–February 2020 inclusive) and COVID-19 restrictions in place for 2019/20FY (March–June 2020 inclusive). Relative risk (RR; with 95% confidence intervals [CI]) of coastal drowning was calculated against the average for overall, bushfire and COVID-19 periods, using coastal participation data as the denominator, weighted for the predicted decrease in the use of outdoor coastal areas due to these widespread events. Coastal drowning fatalities increased in 2019/20FY by 9% overall (bushfires: 6%; COVID-19: 9%). Swimming/wading drowning fatalities increased during the bushfire period (RR = 2.02; 95% CI: 1.13–3.63), while boating and personal watercraft (PWC)-related fatalities increased during both the bushfire (RR = 2.92; 95% CI: 1.41–6.05) and COVID-19 period (RR = 3.86; 95% CI: 1.64–9.11). Rock fishing fatalities also increased across both the bushfire (RR = 4.19; 95% CI: 1.45–12.07; p = 0.008) and COVID-19 (RR = 3.8;95% CI: 1.24–11.62; p = 0.027) periods. Findings indicate the activity patterns leading to coastal drowning fatalities changed despite significant public health events impacting freedom of movement and thus opportunity for coastal participation. Understanding, and preparing for, the impacts of natural hazards on drowning risk is vital for future preventive efforts.
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Silva, Edson P., Rosa CCL Souza, Tania A. Lima, Flávio C. Fernandes, Kita D. Macario, Bruna M. Netto, Eduardo Q. Alves, Carla Carvalho, Orangel Aguilera, and Michelle R. Duarte. "Zooarchaeological evidence that the brown mussel (Perna perna) is a bioinvader of coastal Brazil." Holocene 28, no. 11 (August 6, 2018): 1771–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683618788670.
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Interactions between invader species and the local biota may lead to disequilibria in regional ecosystems. For such reason, the cultivation of nonnative species may be prohibited in specific regions, as a means of protecting native species. On the other hand, the question of whether a species is a bioinvader or not may not be straightforward. This is the case of the mollusc Perna perna, presently naturalized and widely distributed along Brazilian coast, from the Bay of Vitória, in the state of Espírito Santo (ES), to the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Following previous works that explored the hypothesis that P. perna invaded the coast of Brazil at the colonial period, attached to slave ships, we discuss zooarchaeological data, radiocarbon dating, and molecular genetics analyses. Out of the 578 archeological shellmounds investigated, 542 (93.8%) had no records of P. perna. From the radiocarbon dating results, it is possible to infer that the presence of the two P. perna specimens from the Saquarema shellmound, in Rio de Janeiro, as well as the other shells from the top layer, is likely related to a recent occupation of the site in the colonial period, with a great probability of being from the XVII or XVIII centuries. Data on genetic population structure of P. perna along the Brazilian coast showed higher genetic identities between the African and the Brazilian populations than among the Brazilian populations, while haplotypic diversity shows a pattern which relates to trade routes of slaves (XVII and XVIII centuries) between Africa and Brazil. These data reinforce the argument that the appearance of P. perna along the Brazilian coast is due to invasion during historical time.
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Edwards, Kevin J., Gordon T. Cook, Georg Nyegaard, and J. Edward Schofield. "Towards a First Chronology for the Middle Settlement of Norse Greenland: 14C and Related Studies of Animal Bone and Environmental Material." Radiocarbon 55, no. 1 (2013): 13–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/azu_js_rc.v55i1.16395.
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The so-called Middle Settlement (Mellembygden) of Norse/Viking Greenland has received far less attention than either of its larger Eastern and Western counterparts. The Greenlandic Norse occupation is nominally taken to date between AD 985 and about AD 1450 and it is generally assumed that the Western Settlement was abandoned prior to the Eastern, but where the Middle Settlement fits into the pattern temporally has hitherto been completely unknown. This paper presents the first absolute dating evidence from the Middle Settlement. In addition to providing the results (14C, δ13C, δ15N) of a radiocarbon dating and stable isotope measurement program from domesticated (Bos, Ovis/Capra) and wild (Rangifer) animal bone and cultural-environmental (coastal, possibly midden) samples, the paper also addresses some problems of 14C estimation for the period of Norse occupation in Greenland. Investigations show a Medieval Scandinavian presence close to the start of the conventional landnám period (after AD 985) and with occupation continuing up to at least the 14th century AD. The start of this activity, found at 2 sites, bears comparison with various locations in both the Eastern and Western Settlement areas. The terminal phase of activity in the Middle Settlement is represented at 1 site only, but despite this limitation, it shows that the Norse may have been present for most of the period that they occupied sites in both the Western and Eastern settlements. Caribou bone from separate contexts that also contained Thule Inuit material proves useful in indicating dates for a probable post-Norse Inuit presence. The position of age estimates on the calibration curve underscores the need to look critically at such evidence when making chronological inference during the Norse period owing to the existence of plateaus and wiggles. The inclusion of samples from both domesticated and wild fauna considered to be possibly modern, yet reported from archaeological assemblages, provides a warning to archaeozoologists to be especially vigilant when considering the potential non-contemporaneity of material.
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Edwards, Kevin J., Gordon T. Cook, Georg Nyegaard, and J. Edward Schofield. "Towards a First Chronology for the Middle Settlement of Norse Greenland: 14C and Related Studies of Animal Bone and Environmental Material." Radiocarbon 55, no. 01 (2013): 13–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200047779.
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The so-called Middle Settlement (Mellembygden) of Norse/Viking Greenland has received far less attention than either of its larger Eastern and Western counterparts. The Greenlandic Norse occupation is nominally taken to date between AD 985 and about AD 1450 and it is generally assumed that the Western Settlement was abandoned prior to the Eastern, but where the Middle Settlement fits into the pattern temporally has hitherto been completely unknown. This paper presents the first absolute dating evidence from the Middle Settlement. In addition to providing the results (14C, δ13C, δ15N) of a radiocarbon dating and stable isotope measurement program from domesticated (Bos, Ovis/Capra) and wild (Rangifer) animal bone and cultural-environmental (coastal, possibly midden) samples, the paper also addresses some problems of14C estimation for the period of Norse occupation in Greenland. Investigations show a Medieval Scandinavian presence close to the start of the conventionallandnámperiod (after AD 985) and with occupation continuing up to at least the 14th century AD. The start of this activity, found at 2 sites, bears comparison with various locations in both the Eastern and Western Settlement areas. The terminal phase of activity in the Middle Settlement is represented at 1 site only, but despite this limitation, it shows that the Norse may have been present for most of the period that they occupied sites in both the Western and Eastern settlements. Caribou bone from separate contexts that also contained Thule Inuit material proves useful in indicating dates for a probable post-Norse Inuit presence. The position of age estimates on the calibration curve underscores the need to look critically at such evidence when making chronological inference during the Norse period owing to the existence of plateaus and wiggles. The inclusion of samples from both domesticated and wild fauna considered to be possibly modern, yet reported from archaeological assemblages, provides a warning to archaeozoologists to be especially vigilant when considering the potential non-contemporaneity of material.
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Hall, Jay. "Editorial." Queensland Archaeological Research 3 (January 1, 1986): 2–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.25120/qar.3.1986.180.
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1986 has been a very good year for archaeology in Queensland. As the following pages testify, fundamental research is being undertaken throughout the length and breadth of the state. Furthermore it is being carried out by researchers who hail from not only Queensland but institutions throughout Australia. Perhaps the most significant discovery reported this year was the site of Wallen Wallen Creek on North Stradbroke Island, Moreton Bay (see R. Neal and E. Stock, Nature 1986:618-621). While excavating a recent surface midden for salvage purposes, Rob Neal, a Ph.D candidate at Queensland University, discovered a deep (2.5m) deposit within a coastal dune which yielded a continuous human occupation sequence. Collaboration with geomorphologist Errol Stock from Griffith University established that two soil units were formed after the dune was laid down and that associated cultural material is relatively undisturbed. C14 dating revealed an internally consistent series of determinations which stretch to over 22,000 B.P. Present results indicate a dramatic increase in occupation intensity (as measured by discard rate) in the late Holocene (esp. after ca. 2,000 B.P.), a pattern which fits well with results from other research in this area (eg. Hall Robins QAR, Volume 1) as well as other parts of eastern Australia. This discovery has provided the Pleistocene-Holocene chronological framework that has been sought for the Moreton Region for several years now. Future analysis of Wallen Wallen Creek material promises to add much to our notions of cultural change in this and adjacent areas.
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Pawlowicz, Matthew, John Stoetzel, and Stephen Macko. "Environmental Archaeology at Mikindani, Tanzania: Towards a Historical Ecology of the Southern Swahili Coast." Journal of African Archaeology 12, no. 2 (November 1, 2014): 119–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3213/2191-5784-10260.
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The historic port town of Mikindani is situated along the southern portion of the Swahili coast. Archaeological investigations in this region of coastal East Africa yield evidence of occupation since the last centuries BCE and intensive settlement since the middle of the first millennium CE. This long settlement history suggests that people in the region have had an expansive, wide-ranging impact on local ecological conditions in the region. This paper takes a historical ecology approach in evaluating the nature and degree of anthropogenic influences on the environment in and around Mikindani. The evaluation is based on evidence from contemporary botanical communities, faunal remains, macrobotanicals, phytolith residues, isotope analysis of archaeological sediments, and soil chemistry. This research also looks to define an environmental component that contributes to a previously defined mercantile culture that characterizes Swahili communities in the region. We argue that this interdisciplinary analysis yields evidence of several long-term anthropogenic influences in Mikindani, including: a long-term reduction in forests and woody vegetation, reliance on shifting agriculture as a subsistence strategy, and the continued reliance on marine resources to meet subsistence needs. These patterns of human-environment interaction help suggest reasons for certain developments in Mikindani’s history, perhaps most notably its early second millennium CE absence from Indian Ocean trade networks. Our results contribute to a growing literature in East Africa which acknowledges that modern environments of East Africa derive from a recursive relationship with human populations that has continued for thousands of years.
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Ochiewo, Jacob, Fridah Munyi, Edward Waiyaki, Faith Kimanga, Nicholas Karani, Joseph Kamau, and Shigalla B. Mahongo. "Livelihood impacts and adaptation in fishing practices as a response to recent climatic changes in the upwelling region of the East African Coastal Current." Western Indian Ocean Journal of Marine Science, no. 1/2020 (February 11, 2021): 105–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/wiojms.si2020.1.10.
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A socio-economic assessment was carried out at Amu and Shela in Lamu County and Ngomeni in Kilifi County on the coast of Kenya. The aim was to establish fisher perspectives on the livelihood impacts of changes in upwelling associated with the East African Coastal Current, and adaptations in fishing practices to determine the vulnerability, resilience and adaptation options for fisheries dependent communities in this upwelling region. Primary data and information were collected through direct observation, semi-structured interviews, key informant interviews and oral histories. Descriptive and non-parametric analysis was conducted for quantitative data and content analysis for qualitative data. The study covered 92 respondents out of which 90 were male. About 82.5 percent of the respondents had attained different levels of primary school education and below, and were therefore highly vulnerable to climate change impacts. Furthermore, 80.4 percent of the respondents were aged between 20 years and 49 years with a mean age of 40 years, thus falling into the economically active age category. In terms of livelihoods, fishing and fishing-related activities formed the primary livelihoods at the three study sites with fishing being the main occupation for 93 percent of the respondents. Fishing effort was higher during the north-east monsoon season. Fifty two percent of the respondents targeted small pelagic species. The main changes observed included increased fishing effort and a decline in the quantity of fish caught per fisher, and changes in the composition of fish species. Changes in the composition of fish species have further been compounded by a decline in rainfall over time, sea level rise, irregular wind patterns and increased temperatures. The decline in fish catch further led to a general decline in income and welfare. The climatic changes increased vulnerability of the fishing communities.
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Gray, James, Bernard Lauriol, Denis Bruneau, and Jean Ricard. "Postglacial emergence of Ungava Peninsula, and its relationship to glacial history." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 30, no. 8 (August 1, 1993): 1676–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e93-147.
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A series of 178 radiocarbon dates, of late glacial and postglacial age, from raised marine terraces on the Hudson Strait, Hudson Bay, and Ungava Bay coasts, permit a new synthesis of deglaciation history, postglacial emergence, and glacio-isostatic recovery of the Ungava Peninsula. Marine limits show three local highs, related to centres of ice loading: east of Hudson Bay; southwest of Ungava Bay, and in western Hudson Strait. Eastward extension of the latter to Cap de Nouvelle-France is attributed to early deglaciation. Emergence curves are presented from sites in (1) Hudson Strait ice-free prior to 9 ka; (2) Hudson Strait; (3) Hudson Bay; and (4) Ungava Bay liberated by Ungava ice between 8 and 6 ka. A sigmoidal pattern for the first group, with slow initial emergence, contrasts markedly with a pattern of rapid deceleration of emergence for the other groups. These differences are attributed to variations in rates of ice sheet unloading, immediately after coastal deglaciation. A stable onshore ice margin kept the northeastern tip of Ungava isostatically depressed, from initial deglaciation until 7 ka, whereas other mainland coasts were only liberated by retreat of the ice margin during a final phase of rapid thinning of the continental ice sheet. Isobases on emergence since 6.5, 5, and 2 ka, derived from marine and glacial lake shoreline data, indicate maximum ice loading centres in eastern Hudson Bay and in central Quebec–Labrador, with an extension northwards towards Ungava Bay. An uplift rate of 14 mm/year since 2 ka for Inukjuak on the Hudson Bay coast is compatible with very high tide gauge values. A downward gradient of 6.5 ka isobases in a northeasterly direction from southeastern Ungava towards present sea level on southern Resolution Island at the mouth of Hudson Strait suggests that Ungava Bay, despite late occupation by glacial ice, was probably not a major loading centre.
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Zulham, Armen, Subhechanis Saptanto, Retno E. Rahmawati, Lindawati Lindawati, and Teuku Fauzi. "ANALISIS POLA MIGRASI DAN KONSUMSI RUMAH TANGGA DI DESA PESISIR TERKAIT KEMISKINAN DAN KERENTANAN PANGAN." Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan 4, no. 2 (July 20, 2017): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jsekp.v4i2.5829.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pola migrasi masyarakat pesisir, mengidentifikasi determinan migrasi, mengkaji keterkaitan antara arus tenaga kerja, uang, barang dan jasa karena migrasi. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan September-Oktober 2009 dengan menggunakan metode survey pada migran di daerah asal dan daerah tujuan migrasi. Responden yang dipilih adalah migran berdasarkan daerah asal dan daerah tujuan migrasi berjumlah 45 responden. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa migrasi dari daerah pesisir didorong oleh kelangkaan potensi ikan di perairan pesisir dan terbatasnya akses masyarakat terhadap perekonomian desa serta tersedianya pekerjaan di daerah tujuan migrasi. Keputusan bermigrasi karena jaminan pekerjaan. Pola migrasi umumnya adalah migrasi sirkulasi: mingguan dan bulanan. Migrasi itu mendorong terjadinya aliran tenaga kerja, uang dan barang antara daerah asal migrasi dan daerah tujuan migrasi. Secara ekonomi migrasi tersebut memberi dampak positif terhadap pertumbuhan perekonomian di desa asal migran dan daerah tujuan migran. Rata-rata jumlah yang bermigrasi per keluarga adalah sekitar 2 orang dan jumlah uang yang dikirim karena migrasi ke desa asal migran mencapai Rp. 500 juta per bulan. Migrasi cenderung mendorong terjadinya pengelompokanmasyarakat menurut pekerjaan dan tempat tinggal di daerah tujuan migrasi, karena adanya hubungan “patron client” antara pemilik modal (patron) dan migran (client). Migrasi merupakan salah satu alternatif masyarakat pesisir untuk keluar dari masalah kemiskinan dan memenuhi kebutuhan pangan rumah tangganya. Hasil penelitian ini merekomendasikan agar program-program bantuan termasuk corporate social responsibility (CSR) yang masuk ke desa pesisir harus dikonsolidasikan dengan modal/aset yang dihimpun oleh para migran untuk menjadi pengungkit perekonomian desa pesisir. Tittle: Analysis of Migration and Household Consumption Pattern in the Coastal Villages Related to Poverty and Food Resiliency.The purpose of this research was to study the migration pattern, to identify the determinant of migration, to investigate the dependency between labor movement, money, good and services. The data were collected in September 2009 and October 2009 by using survey method. Respondents were migrant based on migrant origin and migrant destination accounted for as 45 person. Results of the study showed as the following: migration from coastal villages where due to the depletion of fish in coastal water, limited access in local economic gain, and the availability of occupation in labor destination places. Weekly and monthly migration (periodic) pattern are common in both migrant destination and origin areas. Migration persuades the movement of labor, money, good and services between labor destination and origin places. From economic point of view, migration gives a positive impact to migrant destination and origin areas, respectively. In an average, 2 labors in each household in coastal villages were migrant, and Rp. 500 million were transfer to each respective village. Migration tends to push establishing society group according to type of recepation and residential place in the migration destination due to patron client relationship. Migration for the coastal community seems, to be one alternative to alleviate poverty and provide food for household. Results of the research recommend that aid’s programs including the corporate social responsibility (CSR) in coastal village should be consolidated with the accumulate asset of the migrant in stimulating economic development of their respective village.
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Li, Liping, Xiaojian Liu, Bernard C. K. Choi, Yaogui Lu, and Min Yu. "A descriptive epidemiological study on the patterns of occupational injuries in a coastal area and a mountain area in Southern China." BMJ Open 2, no. 3 (2012): e000965. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2012-000965.
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Finlay, Nyree, Ruby Cerón-Carrasco, Rupert Housley, Jeremy Huggett, W. Graham Jardine, Susan Ramsay, Catherine Smith, Dene Wright, Julian Augley, and Peter J. Wright. "Calling Time on Oronsay: Revising Settlement Models Around the Mesolithic–Neolithic Transition in Western Scotland, New Evidence from Port Lobh, Colonsay." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 85 (August 14, 2019): 83–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ppr.2019.2.
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For over 120 years, the shell middens of western Scotland and the series of open-air sites on Oronsay have been the focus of debate in European Mesolithic studies. This paper challenges the significance of Oronsay in light of results from the geophysical survey and test-excavation of a new limpet and periwinkle shell midden dated to the late 5th or start of the 4th millennium cal bc at Port Lobh, Colonsay that offers fresh evidence to re-evaluate critically the role of Oronsay and coastal resources in island settlement models ahead of the Mesolithic–Neolithic transition. Test excavations recovered a marine molluscan assemblage dominated by limpet and periwinkle shells together with crab, sea urchin, a fishbone assemblage composed mainly of Gadidae, some identifiable bird and mammal bone, carbonised macroplant remains, and pumice as well as a bipolar lithic assemblage and coarse stone implements. Novel seasonality studies of saithe otolith thin-sections suggest wintertime tidal fishing practices. At least two activity events may be discerned, dating from the late 5th millennium cal bc. The midden could represent a small number of rapidly deposited assemblages or maybe the result of stocastic events within a more extended timeframe. We argue that alternative research questions are needed to advance long-standing debates about seasonal inter-island mobility versus island sedentism that look beyond Oronsay to better understand later Mesolithic occupation patterns and the formation and date of Oronsay middens. We propose alternative methodological strategies to aid identification of contemporaneous sites using geophysical techniques and lithic technological signatures.
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Derbali, Abdelkarim, Aymen Hadj Taieb, Wassim Kammoun, Jaouadi Gouirah, Amira Wannes-Ghorbel, Nedra Zamouri-Langar, Mohamed Ghorbel, and Othman Jarboui. "Stock assessment, spatial distribution and biological parameters of the clam Venerupis decussata along the Sfax coasts (Tunisia, Central Mediterranean)." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 96, no. 1 (September 9, 2015): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002531541500140x.
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The grooved carpet shell Venerupis decussata (=Ruditapes decussatus) (Linnaeus, 1758) is a Mediterranean autochthonous species that in Tunisia is heavily harvested from natural populations. It represents one of the important economic issues, especially in terms of employment and the trade balances of the country via its exportation. Despite its economic value, no studies have been carried out about the spread of this mollusc. Thus the status of this species is still poorly known and there is a knowledge gap about its stocks assessment. This study aimed to investigate the distribution, abundance and population structure of the carpet shell clam in Sfax coastal areas. In terms of geographic occupation, maps of the population distribution were drawn. The results showed a scattered distribution pattern of the species according to location ranging between 0 and 152 ind m−2. The consequence was a remarkable biomass which represented 891 tonnes of total fresh weight and high abundance levels reaching over 261.7 ± 84.2 million individuals estimated in the area of 4182 hectares. The distribution of the species has also been investigated in consideration with the size which varied markedly according to location, the shell length ranged between 2 and 41 mm. The overall sex ratio (F:M) was 1:1.17, which was significantly different from parity (1:1). The size at which 50% of the population reached maturity was 24.08 and 24.76 mm shell length for males and females, respectively. Findings of the current study suggest that V. decussata proliferates along southern Tunisian coasts.
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Vinson, Ben. "The Racial Profile of a Rural Mexican Province in the “Costa Chica”: Igualapa in 1791." Americas 57, no. 2 (October 2000): 269–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tam.2000.0022.
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Late colonial Mexico possessed one of the largest free-colored populations in Spanish America, numbering around 370,000 in 1793. The colony's pardos, morenos, and mulattos were highly dispersed, being found throughout the major urban centers, coastal zones, rural areas, and in selected portions of the northern frontier. Studies conducted over the past two decades have assisted enormously in reconstructing the free-colored demographic profile, with particular emphasis on occupational and marriage patterns. Much of this research has resulted from sustained examinations of the caste vs. class debate, which has attempted to understand the manner in which the caste system worked in structuring colonial social relations. Broader, regional histories have added even more to our understanding by situating Blacks within the economic, cultural, and social context of important towns and their hinterlands. Institutional studies have also referenced the Afro-Mexican presence and contributions. However, numerous gaps still exist in our portrait of colonial Afro-Mexicans. Notably, the Pacific coastal regions have received proportionately little attention in comparison to the area of Veracruz. This is surprising since the Costa Chica, occupying portions of the modern states of Guerrero and Oaxaca, remains home to some of the more significant concentrations of Afro-Mexicans.
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Zhang, Chao, Shuai Zhong, Xue Wang, Lei Shen, Litao Liu, and Yujie Liu. "Land Use Change in Coastal Cities during the Rapid Urbanization Period from 1990 to 2016: A Case Study in Ningbo City, China." Sustainability 11, no. 7 (April 10, 2019): 2122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11072122.
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Coastal cities have been experiencing tremendous land use changes worldwide. Studies on the consequences of land use change in coastal cities have provided helpful information for spatial regulations and have attracted increased attention. Changes in forests and water bodies, however, have rarely been investigated, challenging the formation of a holistic pattern of land use change. In this study, we selected Ningbo, China, as a case study area and analyzed its land use change from 1990 to 2016. Random forest (RF) classification was employed to derive land use information from Landsat images. Transition matrices and a distribution index (DI) were applied to identify the major types of land use transitions and their spatial variations by site-specific attributes. The results showed that the entire time period could be divided into two stages, based on the manifestations of land use change in Ningbo: 1990–2005 and 2005–2016. During 1990–2005, construction land expanded rapidly, mainly through the occupation of agricultural land and forest, while during 2005–2016, the main change trajectory turned out to be a small net change in construction land and a net increase in agricultural land sourced from construction land, forests, and water bodies. In terms of land use change by site-specific attributes, the rapid expansion of construction land around the municipal city center during 1990–2005 was restrained, and similar amounts of land conversion between construction and agricultural use occurred during 2005–2016. During the study period, areas undergoing land use change also showed trends of moving outward from the municipal city center and the county centers located adjacent to roads and the coastline and of moving up to hilly areas with steeper slopes and higher elevations. Protecting reclaimed agricultural land, improving the efficiency of construction land, and controlling forest conversion in hilly areas are suggested as spatial regulations in Ningbo city.