Journal articles on the topic 'Paulina (1934–2021)'

A list of available taxonomic names in Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae in familyand genus-groups is given, together with some remarks on unavailable nominal taxa. Comments are provided on their status and nomenclature, and additions and corrections to extant catalogues given, as a first step for their inclusion in the electronic catalogue ‘WTaxa’. Available names, not recognised as such in current published catalogues, are: Mecopelminae Thompson, 1992; Trypodendrina Nunberg, 1954; Archaeoscolytus Butovitsch, 1929; Camptocerus Dejean, 1821; Coccotrypes Eichhoff, 1878 (April); Coptogaster Illiger, 1804; Cosmoderes Eichhoff, 1878 (April); Cryptoxyleborus Wood & Bright, 1992; Cylindra Illiger, 1802; Dendrochilus Schedl, 1963; Dendrocranulus Schedl, 1938; Doliopygus Browne, 1962; Doliopygus Schedl, 1972; Erioschidias Wood, 1960; Ernopocerus Wood, 1954; Idophelus Rye, 1877; Lepicerus Eichhoff, 1878 (April); Lepidocerus Rye, 1880; Miocryphalus Schedl, 1963; Ozopemon Hagedorn, 1910; Phloeoditica Schedl, 1963; Pinetoscolytus Butovitsch, 1929; Pycnarthrum Eichhoff, 1878 (April); Pygmaeoscolytus Butovitsch, 1929; Scolytogenes Eichhoff, 1878 (April); Spinuloscolytus Butovitsch, 1929; Stephanopodius Schedl, 1963; Stylotentus Schedl, 1963; Thamnophthorus Blackman, 1942; Trachyostus Browne, 1962; Treptoplatypus Schedl, 1972; Triarmocerus Eichhoff, 1878 (April); Trypodendrum Agassiz, 1846; Tubuloscolytus Butovitsch, 1929; Xelyborus Schedl, 1939. Unavailable names, not recognised as such in the current published catalogues, are: Chaetophloeini Schedl, 1966; Eidophelinae Murayama, 1954; Mecopelmini Wood, 1966; Strombophorini Schedl, 1960; Tomicidae Shuckard, 1840; Trypodendrinae Trédl, 1907; Acryphalus Tsai & Li, 1963; Adryocoetes Schedl, 1952; Asetus Nunberg, 1958; Carphoborites Schedl, 1947; Charphoborites Schedl, 1947; Cryptoxyleborus Schedl, 1937; Cylindrotomicus Eggers, 1936; Damicerus Dejean, 1835; Damicerus Dejean, 1836; Dendrochilus Schedl, 1957; Dendrocranulus Schedl, 1937; Doliopygus Schedl, 1939; Erioschidias Schedl, 1938; Ernopocerus Balachowsky, 1949; Gnathotrichoides Blackman, 1931; Ipites Karpiński, 1962; Isophthorus Schedl, 1938; Jugocryphalus Tsai & Li, 1963; Landolphianus Schedl, 1950; Mesopygus Nunberg, 1966; Micraciops Schedl, 1953; Miocryphalus Schedl, 1939; Mixopygus Nunberg, 1966; Neohyorrhynchus Schedl, 1962; Neophloeotribus Eggers, 1943; Neopityophthorus Schedl, 1938; Neoxyleborus Wood, 1982; Phloeoditica Schedl, 1962; Platypinus Schedl, 1939; Platyscapulus Schedl, 1957; Platyscapus Schedl, 1939; Pygodolius Nunberg, 1966; Scutopygus Nunberg, 1966; Stephanopodius Schedl, 1941; Stylotentus Schedl, 1939; Taphrostenoxis Schedl, 1965; Tesseroplatypus Schedl, 1935; Thamnophthorus Schedl, 1938; Thylurcos Schedl, 1939; Trachyostus Schedl, 1939; Treptoplatus Schedl, 1939. The name Tesseroceri Blandford, 1896, incorrectly given as “Tesserocerini genuini” in current catalogues, is unavailable as basionym for the family-group name, since it was proposed as a genusgroup name. Resurrected names from synonymy are: Hexacolini Eichhoff, 1878 from synonymy under Ctenophorini Chapuis, 1869 (invalid name because its type genus is a homonym) and given precedence over Problechilidae Eichhoff, 1878 under Art. 24.2; Hylurgini Gistel, 1848 from virtual synonymy under Tomicini C.G. Thomson, 1859 (unavailable name); Afromicracis Schedl, 1959 from synonymy under Miocryphalus Schedl, 1939 (an unavailable name) to valid genus; Costaroplatus Nunberg, 1963 from synonymy under Platyscapulus Schedl, 1957 (an unavailable name) to valid genus; Cumatotomicus Ferrari, 1867 from synonymy under Ips DeGeer, 1775 to valid subgenus of the same; Hapalogenius Hagedorn, 1912 from synonymy under Rhopalopselion Hagedorn, 1909 to valid genus; Pseudips Cognato, 2000, from synonymy under Orthotomicus Ferrari, 1867 to valid genus. New synonyms are: Hexacolini Eichhoff, 1878 (= Erineophilides Hopkins, 1920, syn. nov.); Hypoborini Nuesslin, 1911 (= Chaetophloeini Schedl, 1966, unavailable name, syn. nov.); Scolytini Latreille, 1804 (= Minulini Reitter, 1913, syn. nov.); Afromicracis Schedl, 1959 (= Miocryphalus Schedl, 1963, syn. nov.); Aphanarthrum Wollaston, 1854 (= Coleobothrus Enderlein, 1929, syn. nov.); Coccotrypes Eichhoff, 1878 (April) (= Coccotrypes Eichhoff, 1878 (December), syn. nov.); Cosmoderes Eichhoff, 1878 (April) (= Cosmoderes Eichhoff, 1878 (December), syn. nov.); Cumatotomicus Ferrari, 1867 (=Emarips Cognato, 2001, syn. nov.); Doliopygus Browne, 1962 (=Doliopygus Schedl, 1972, syn. nov.); Eidophelus Eichhoff, 1875 (= Idophelus Rye, 1877, syn. nov.); Hapalogenius Hagedorn, 1912 (= Hylesinopsis Eggers, 1920, syn. nov.); Phloeoborus Erichson, 1836 (= Phloeotrypes Agassiz, 1846, syn. nov.); Pycnarthrum Eichhoff, 1878 (April) (= Pycnarthrum Eichhoff, 1878 (December), syn. nov.); Scolytogenes Eichhoff, 1878 (April) (= Scolytogenes Eichhoff, 1878 (December) = Lepicerus Eichhoff, 1878 (December) = Lepidocerus Rye, 1880, synn. nov.); Trypodendron Stephens, 1830 (=Xylotrophus Gistel, 1848 = Trypodendrum Gistel, 1856, synn. nov.); Xylechinus Chapuis, 1869 (= Chilodendron Schedl, 1953, syn. nov.); Cosmoderes monilicollis Eichhoff, 1878 (April) (= Cosmoderes monilicollis Eichhoff, 1878 (December), syn. nov.); Hylastes pumilus Mannerheim, 1843 (= Dolurgus pumilus Eichhoff, 1868, syn. nov.); Hypoborus hispidus Ferrari, 1867 (= Pycnarthrum gracile Eichhoff, 1878 (April) syn. nov.); Miocryphalus agnatus Schedl, 1939 (= Miocryphalus agnatus Schedl, 1942, syn. nov.); Miocryphalus congonus Schedl, 1939 (= Miocryphalus congonus Eggers, 1940, syn. nov.); Lepicerus aspericollis Eichhoff, 1878 (April) = Lepicerus aspericollis Eichhoff, 1878 (December), syn. nov.); Spathicranuloides moikui Schedl, 1972 (June) (= Spathicranuloides moikui Schedl, 1972 (December), syn. nov.); Triarmocerus cryphalo-ides Eichhoff, 1878 (April) (= Triarmocerus cryphaloides Eichhoff, 1878 (December), syn. nov.); Scolytogenes darvini Eichhoff, 1878 (April) (= Scolytogenes darwinii Eichhoff, 1878 (December), syn. nov.). New type species designations are: Bostrichus dactyliperda Fabricius, 1801 for Coccotrypes Eichhoff, 1878 (April); Triarmocerus cryphaloides Eichhoff, 1878 (April) for Triarmocerus Eichhoff, 1878 (April); Ozopemon regius Hagedorn, 1908 for Ozopemon Hagedorn, 1910 (non 1908); Dermestes typographus Linnaeus, 1758 for Bostrichus Fabricius, 1775 (non Geoffroy, 1762). New combinations are: Afromicracis agnata (Schedl, 1939), A. attenuata (Eggers, 1935), A. ciliatipennis (Schedl, 1979), A. congona (Schedl, 1939), A. dubia (Schedl, 1950), A. elongata (Schedl, 1965), A. grobleri (Schedl, 1961), A. klainedoxae (Schedl, 1957), A. longa (Nunberg, 1964), A. natalensis (Eggers, 1936), A. nigrina (Schedl, 1957), A. nitida (Schedl, 1965), A. pennata (Schedl, 1953) and A. punctipennis (Schedl, 1965) all from Miocryphalus; Costaroplatus abditulus (Wood, 1966), C. abditus (Schedl, 1936), C. carinulatus (Chapuis, 1865), C. clunalis (Wood, 1966), C. cluniculus (Wood, 1966), C. clunis (Wood, 1966), C. costellatus (Schedl, 1933), C. frontalis (Blandford, 1896), C. imitatrix (Schedl, 1972), C. manus (Schedl, 1936), C. occipitis (Wood, 1966), C. pulchellus (Chapuis, 1865), C. pulcher (Chapuis, 1865), C. pusillimus (Chapuis, 1865), C. subabditus (Schedl, 1935), C. turgifrons (Schedl, 1935) and C. umbrosus (Schedl, 1936) all from Platyscapulus; Hapalogenius africanus (Eggers, 1933), H. alluaudi (Lepesme, 1942), H. angolanus (Wood, 1988), H. angolensis (Schedl, 1959), H. arabiae (Schedl, 1975), H. atakorae (Schedl, 1951), H. ater (Nunberg, 1967), H. baphiae (Schedl, 1954), H. brincki (Schedl, 1957), H. confusus (Eggers, 1935), H. decellei (Nunberg, 1969), H. dimorphus (Schedl, 1937), H. dubius (Eggers, 1920), H. emarginatus (Nunberg, 1973), H. endroedyi (Schedl, 1967), H. fasciatus (Hagedorn, 1909), H. ficus (Schedl, 1954), H. fuscipennis (Chapuis, 1869), H. granulatus (Lepesme, 1942), H. hirsutus (Schedl, 1957), H. hispidus (Eggers, 1924), H. horridus (Eggers, 1924), H. joveri (Schedl, 1950), H. kenyae (Wood, 1986), H. oblongus (Eggers, 1935), H. orientalis (Eggers, 1943), H. pauliani (Lepesme, 1942), H. punctatus (Eggers, 1932), H. quadrituberculatus (Schedl, 1957), H. rhodesianus (Eggers, 1933), H. saudiarabiae (Schedl, 1971), H. seriatus (Eggers, 1940), H. squamosus (Eggers, 1936), H. striatus (Schedl, 1957), H. sulcatus Eggers, 1944), H. togonus (Eggers, 1919), H. ugandae (Wood, 1986) and H. variegatus (Eggers, 1936), all from Hylesinopsis. New ranks are: Diapodina Strohmeyer, 1914, downgraded from tribe of Tesserocerinae to subtribe of Tesserocerini; Tesserocerina Strohmeyer, 1914, downgraded from tribe of Tesserocerinae to subtribe of Tesserocerini. New placements are: Coptonotini Chapuis, 1869 from tribe of Coptonotinae to tribe of Scolytinae; Mecopelmini Thompson, 1992, from tribe of Coptonotinae to tribe of Platypodinae; Schedlariini Wood & Bright, 1992, from tribe of Coptonotinae to tribe of Platypodinae; Spathicranuloides Schedl, 1972, from Platypodinae s.l. to Tesserocerina; Toxophthorus Wood, 1962 from Scolytinae incertae sedis to Dryocoetini. Confirmed placements are: Onychiini Chapuis, 1869 to tribe of Cossoninae (including single genus Onychius Chapuis, 1869); Sciatrophus Sampson, 1914 in Cossoninae incertae sedis; Cryphalites Cockerell, 1917 in Zopheridae Colydiinae. Corrected spellings are: Micracidini LeConte, 1876 for Micracini; Phrixosomatini Wood, 1978 for Phrixosomini. Gender agreements are corrected for species of several genera.

Tekst jest recenzją książki Pauliny Buchwald-Pelcowej poruszającej temat problemu cenzury na ziemiach polskich od XV do XVIII wieku. W publikacji uwzględniono organy władzy, które odpowiadały za działalność cenzorską (kościół, władza królewska, ale także władze miejskie) oraz wskazano ich najważniejsze cele podczas wprowadzania ograniczeń.  

Nazaré-Silva, Everton E., Silva, Fernando A. B. (2021): A revision of the subgenera Euhyboma Kolbe, 1893, Parahyboma Paulian, 1938, and Rubrohyboma Paulian, 1939 of Deltochilum Eschscholtz, 1822 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia (e20200100) 65 (3): 1-19, DOI: 10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2020-0100, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-rbent-2020-0100

The small-sized genus Haroldius Boucomont, 1914 consists of 38 known species widely distributed in the Old World including South Asia, Southeast Asia and West Africa (Pereira 1954; Krikken & Huijbregts 2006; Král & Hájek 2012). Members of this genus are probably saprophagous or mycophagous (Scheuern 1995) and so far were collected by light traps, sifted from leaf litter or soil and captured by flight interception traps (Paulian 1939; Paulian & Scheuern 1994; Krikken & Huijbregts 2006). Some researches suggested that they could have precise ecological relationship with ants. Their myrmecophily habit was indicated mainly by the special morphological characters including smooth body and the characteristically broad­ened and flattened tibiae (Pereira 1954; Krell & Philips 2010). However, their bi­ology are still rarely reported, and the larvae are still unknown (Pereira 1954; Krikken & Huijbregts 2006).

El trabajo se centra en el análisis de tres romances dedicados a homenajear a la joven dirigente comunista Paulina Odena García escritos por poetas e intelectuales vinculados a la Alianza de Intelectuales Antifascistas madrileña: Lorenzo Varela, Pascual Pla y Beltrán, y Alcázar Fernández; y a partir de ellos comenta procesos poéticos similares en otros romances escritos por Pedro Garfias y Eugenio Sastre. El objetivo es explicar la emergencia de estas composiciones a partir del cruce de las dimensiones interdiscursiva e intertextual, de acuerdo con las conceptualizaciones de Edmond Cross (2011). Para ello, se reponen las características ideológicas y la labor de propaganda de la Alianza de Intelectuales Antifascistas, así como algunas referencias sobre Lina Odena aparecidas en la prensa de septiembre y octubre de 1936 (dimensión interdiscursiva). Finalmente, se trazan correspondencias entre la representación de la mujer heroína y la tradición más amplia del Romancero tradicional, y se aborda la migración del motivo del moro enemigo en la poesía de la Guerra Civil (dimensión intertextual).

A recent case offers an opportunity to consider two types of impeachable dispositions in insolvency law. One is the transfer of a trader's business under section 34(1) of the Insolvency Act, and the other is the common-law actio Pauliana from which the entire law of impeachable dispositions derives. In the first place, the nature of the application is characterised as an attempt to reverse the transfer of the business and assets. A common feature of section 34(1) and the actio Pauliana is spotted: they straddle sequestration or winding-up. Compliance with sections 34(1) and (2) of the Insolvency Act is discussed, and the trader's celebration of doing so is then ruined by the pervasive menace of the actio Pauliana, the defence of necessity supplying a sword to cut the Gordian knot. The central insight of the judgment about section 34(1) - the relative meaning of the word "void" - is shown to be well-articulated by a widely followed juristic insight into administrative validity. Some of the finer details of the ambit of the word "void" are then teased out. The uneasy relationship between section 34(1) and sections 26, 29, 30, and 31 of the Insolvency Act and the actio Pauliana is explored, and an answer to a dilemma over the application of section 34(1) ventured. As for applying the requirements of the actio Pauliana to the facts, a comprehensive, nuanced approach considering both the two relevant possibilities is proposed, rather than the single choice plumped for in the judgment apparently because it is the more usual one. The closing remarks underline the wisdom of thoroughly planning, discussing, and creating a Plan B for the client in the pleadings and executing the procedural requirements and administration.

El nacimiento de una nueva vida, siempre fue y seguirá siendo el acontecimiento más hermoso e importante de la creación; y las condiciones que rodean la atención de la futura madre, también son cruciales para el desarrollo normal del recién nacido.
 El Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal viene cumpliendo su misión de dar atención especializada a la mujer en salud sexual y reproductiva y al neonato de alto riesgo, desarrollando investigación, tecnología y docencia a nivel nacional; desde su creación hace 194 años, un 10 de octubre de 1826.
 Fue el Mariscal don Andrés de Santa Cruz, Presidente del Consejo de Gobierno de la República quien por decreto supremo emitido por Hipólito Unanue, creó la Casa de Maternidad, centro hospitalario que tendría como finalidad socorrer a las mujeres pobres en sus partos y formar parteras instruidas y hábiles,1 y se instaló en el Colegio de Santo Tomás.2
 Su "partida de nacimiento" está inscrita en la historia de la Medicina Peruana, como el acontecimiento más importante de los primeros años de la República. La Casa de Maternidad empezó a funcionar el 12 de mayo de 1830 bajo de la dirección de la matrona Benita Paulina Cadeau de Fessel con formación profesional parisina, que tuviera como maestros a Madame La Chapelle y al profesor Antoin Dubois en la Escuela Nacional de Partos de París, propulsora de los conocimientos de la escuela francesa, cuna de la formación a todo nivel. Ella dió inicio a la enseñanza científica de la Obstetricia en el Perú. En 1836 agobiada por la enfermedad dejo la Maternidad y el colegio de partos en 18361.
 La Casa de Maternidad se traslada al Hospital de Santa Ana en 1841 y la Sociedad de Beneficencia Pública de Lima nombra como director al Dr. Camilo Segura en 1948 con lo que se inicia su refundación2. En 1852 viaja a Paris a especializarse en Cirugía y Partos en la Universidad de La Soborna. Retorna en 1853 e implanta un conjunto de técnicas y medidas acordes a los conocimientos más adelantados de su época que redujeron la morbilidad y mortalidad materna y perinatal.
 En 1857 la Casa de Maternidad se traslada al Colegio de San Idelfonso, para luego pasar en 1875 al Hospital de San Andrés, y dos años más tarde volvió al Hospital Santa Ana hasta 1922 año en el que se trasladó en el local que actualmente ocupa y desde entonces empieza a ser llamado extraoficialmente Hospital de Maternidad de Lima, aunque esta denominación recién se oficializa 10 años más tarde3.
 El doctor Enrique Febres Odriozola por aquel entonces le cambia la nominación de Casa de Maternidad por la de Instituto Obstétrico Ginecológico3.
 En 1934, durante el gobierno del Presidente Oscar R. Benavides, se construye la parte que da al jirón Miroquesada, es decir, la Dirección, la antigua Emergencia y la ex clínica, Santa María3.
 El 22 de diciembre de 1937 el Dr. Victor Bazul Fonseca realiza la primera cesárea segmentaria en el Perú a la paciente Felipa Otárola, una primigesta a término adolescente de 15 años con pelvis estrecha, usando fórceps de Simpson se extrajo un RN masculino de 3700 grs. y fue dada de alta del antiguo Servicio 5 a los 42 días. Este hecho no fue fortuito, sino fruto del estudio constante, de la ejecución previa en cadáveres, y su experiencia en otras técnicas quirúrgicas; desde aquella fecha, difunde esta técnica a través de la Cátedra, del Hospital, de la Sociedad Peruana de Obstetricia y Ginecología y de cuanto certamen científico había4.
 Lina Medina Vásquez nació en Huancavelica, Perú, el 27 de septiembre de 1933 y es considerada la madre más joven de la historia. El 14 de mayo de 1939, Lina, a los 5 años de edad, dió a luz a un niño mediante cesárea, realizada por el Dr. Lozada, el Dr. Colareta y el Dr. Bussalleu5.
 En 1941 después del terremoto de mayo, en que queda afectada parte del hospital, por iniciativa del doctor Víctor Bazul Fonseca, se construye un "servicio modelo piloto" en lo que fue el antiguo Servicio Nº 6 3.
 En 1943, durante el primer gobierno de don Manuel Prado, se construye la parte que da al jirón Cangallo, en la que lamentablemente no se siguió el modelo propuesto y se tugurizó el hospital en la forma que estuvieron antiguamente los servicios Nº. 1 y 2. Ese mismo año, por decreto supremo, se le da la denominación oficial de Hospital de Maternidad de Lima.
 En 1962 se le despoja de su administración a la Beneficencia Pública de Lima, que le encargara el Ministerio de la Ley 127 años atrás y por D.S. Nº. 43 A.S del 09 de marzo, es transferido al Ministerio de Salud.
 Como presente por sus 142 años de existencia, el 8 de junio de 1968, es obsequiada en su propio terreno con un edificio de 4 plantas, donde funcionarían los servicios básicos de atención para la creciente población de parturientas, estable, con casa propia, el transformado Hospital de Maternidad de Lima, fija sus metas en el progreso académico y tecnológico.
 En la década del 80 se construyen el área para el Servicio de Emergencia y el Servicio de Alto Riesgo Obstétrico y la Unidad de Vigilancia Intensiva Obstétrica.
 En 1992 obtiene la denominación de Instituto Materno Perinatal.
 En el 2001 se inaugura el Hospital de la Amistad Perú Japón, alcanzándose altos niveles de calidad en la atención de las emergencias obstétricas, en el nuevo Servicio de Emergencia, en la atención del parto en el Servicio de Centro Obstétrico, atención de las gestantes con graves complicaciones en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Materno, atención de los recién nacidos con graves complicaciones en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales y en la Unidad de Cuidados Intermedios Neonatales; y en la atención de los procedimientos quirúrgicos en Servicio de Centro Quirúrgico, contando además con el apoyo de la Central de Esterilización. 
 En el 2002 logra la denominación de Instituto Especializado Materno Perinatal y desde el 2006 es categorizado como Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal.
 En el 2021 el INMP cumplirá 195 años de vida institucional en favor de la salud de las mujeres, gestantes y recién nacidos del Perú, en favor de la docencia de pre y post grado en ginecología-obstetricia y neonatología, y en la investigación. Será siempre muy importante recordar con mucho orgullo la historia de la Maternidad de Lima.

The tribe Hygrotini Portevin, 1929 is currently composed of four genera, Heroceras Guignot, 1950, Herophydrus Sharp, 1880, Hygrotus Stephens, 1828 (with two subgenera, Coelambus Thomson, 1860, and Hygrotus s. str.), and Hyphoporus Sharp, 1880. A recent molecular phylogeny of the tribe with ca. 45% of the 137 described species of Hygrotini, including the type species of all genus-level taxa, revealed extended para- or polyphyly of the current genera and subgenera (Villastrigo et al., Zoologica Scripta, in press), for which reason a new classification of the tribe Hygrotini is proposed. Within Hygrotini only two genera are recognised: Clemnius n. gen. (with two subgenera: Clemnius s. str. with type species Hyphydrus decoratus Gyllenhal, 1810, and Cyclopius n. subgen. with type species Hydroporus acaroides LeConte, 1855) and Hygrotus (with four subgenera: Coelambus, Hygrotus s. str., Hyphoporus n. stat. and Leptolambus n. subgen. with type species Dytiscus impressopunctatus Schaller, 1783). Two genera are synonymised under Hygrotus s. str., Herophydrus n. syn. and Heroceras n. syn. The following 67 new combinations, for species thus far treated under the genera Heroceras, Herophydrus, Hygrotus and Hyphoporus, result from the new classification: Clemnius (s. str.) berneri (Young & Wolfe, 1984) n. comb., Clemnius (s. str.) decoratus (Gyllenhal, 1810) n. comb., Clemnius (s. str.) hydropicus (LeConte, 1852) n. comb., Clemnius (s. str.) laccophilinus (LeConte, 1878) n. comb., Clemnius (s. str.) sylvanus (Fall, 1917) n. comb., Clemnius (Cyclopius) acaroides (LeConte, 1855) n. comb., Clemnius (Cyclopius) farctus (LeConte, 1855) n. comb., Clemnius (Cyclopius) marginipennis (Blatchley, 1912) n. comb., Hygrotus (s. str.) assimilis (Régimbart, 1895) n. comb., H. (s. str.) bilardoi (Biström & Nilsson, 2002) n. comb., H. (s. str.) capensis (Régimbart, 1895) n. comb., H. (s. str.) confusus (Régimbart, 1895) n. comb., H. (s. str.) descarpentriesi (Peschet, 1923) n. comb., H. (s. str.) discrepatus (Guignot, 1954) n. comb., H. (s. str.) endroedyi (Biström & Nilsson, 2002) n. comb., H. (s. str.) gigantoides (Biström & Nilsson, 2002) n. comb., H. (s. str.) gigas (Régimbart, 1895) n. comb., H. (s. str.) goldschmidti (Pederzani & Rocchi, 2009) n. comb., H. (s. str.) gschwendtneri (Omer-Cooper, 1957) n. comb., H. (s. str.) hyphoporoides (Régimbart, 1895) n. comb., H. (s. str.) ignoratus (Gschwendtner, 1933) n. comb., H. (s. str.) inquinatus (Boheman, 1848) n. comb., H. (s. str.) janssensi (Guignot, 1952) n. comb., H. (s. str.) kalaharii (Gschwendtner, 1935) n. comb., H. (s. str.) morandi (Guignot, 1952) n. comb., H. (s. str.) muticus (Sharp, 1882) n. comb., H. (s. str.) natator (Biström & Nilsson, 2002) n. comb., H. (s. str.) nigrescens (Biström & Nilsson, 2002) n. comb., H. (s. str.) nodieri (Régimbart, 1895) n. comb., H. (s. str.) obscurus (Sharp, 1882) n. comb., H. (s. str.) obsoletus (Régimbart, 1895) n. comb., H. (s. str.) ovalis (Gschwendtner, 1932) n. comb., H. (s. str.) pallidus (Omer-Cooper, 1931) n. comb., H. (s. str.) pauliani (Guignot, 1950) n. comb., H. (s. str.) quadrilineatus (Régimbart, 1895) n. comb., H. (s. str.) reticulatus (Pederzani & Rocchi, 2009) n. comb., H. (s. str.) ritsemae (Régimbart, 1889) n. comb., H. (s. str.) rohani (Peschet, 1924) n. comb., H. (s. str.) rufus (Clark, 1863) n. comb., H. (s. str.) sjostedti (Régimbart, 1908) n. comb., H. (s. str.) spadiceus (Sharp, 1882) n. comb., H. (s. str.) sudanensis (Guignot, 1952) n. comb., H. (s. str.) travniceki (Šťastný, 2012) n. comb., H. (s. str.) tribolus (Guignot, 1953) n. comb., H. (s. str.) variabilis secundus (Régimbart, 1906) n. comb., H. (s. str.) variabilis variabilis (Guignot, 1954) n. comb., H. (s. str.) verticalis (Sharp, 1882) n. comb., H. (s. str.) vittatus (Régimbart, 1895) n. comb., H. (s. str.) wewalkai (Biström & Nilsson, 2002) n. comb., Hygrotus (Hyphoporus) anitae (Vazirani, 1969) n. comb., H. (Hyphoporus) aper (Sharp, 1882) n. comb., H. (Hyphoporus) bengalensis (Severin, 1890) n. comb., H. (Hyphoporus) bertrandi (Vazirani, 1969) n. comb., H. (Hyphoporus) caliginosus (Régimbart, 1899) n. comb., H. (Hyphoporus) dehraduni (Vazirani, 1969) n. comb., H. (Hyphoporus) elevatus (Sharp, 1882) n. comb., H. (Hyphoporus) geetae (Vazirani, 1969) n. comb., H. (Hyphoporus) josephi (Vazirani, 1969) n. comb., H. (Hyphoporus) kempi (Gschwendtner, 1936) n. comb., H. (Hyphoporus) montanus (Régimbart, 1899) n. comb., H. (Hyphoporus) nilghiricus (Régimbart, 1903) n. comb., H. (Hyphoporus) oudomxai (Brancucci & Biström, 2013) n. comb., H. (Hyphoporus) pacistanus (Guignot, 1959) n. comb., H. (Hyphoporus) pugnator (Sharp, 1890) n. comb., H. (Hyphoporus) severini (Régimbart, 1892) n. comb., H. (Hyphoporus) subaequalis (Vazirani, 1969) n. comb., H. (Hyphoporus) tonkinensis (Régimbart, 1899) n. comb.

The Clinterocera jucunda species group of the genus Clinterocera Motschulsky, 1858 is revised. Fourteen species are recognized within this group, including five new species described herein: C. brevifasciata Xu & Qiu, new species from northern Vietnam and China; C. krikkeni Xu & Qiu, new species from southwestern China; C. sinensis Xu & Qiu, new species from southern China; C. velutina Xu & Qiu, new species from Hainan, China; and C. vietnamensis Xu & Qiu, new species from central Vietnam and Laos. Clinterocera nigra (Kano, 1931) is elevated to the species level. Clinterocera donckieri (Bourgoin, 1924) revised status is revalidated from the synonymy with C. davidis (Fairmaire, 1878). Two new synonyms are proposed based on examination of types and additional specimens: C. humeralis (Moser, 1902) new synonym and C. cervenkai Krajčík, 2012 new synonym are placed as junior synonyms of C. jucunda (Westwood, 1873) and C. donckieri, respectively. Lectotypes are designated for C. davidis and C. humeralis. Diagnoses and colored illustrations of most species are provided, including other four rare species, C. bicolor (Nonfried, 1893), C. ishikawai (Kurosawa, 1973), C. raui (Paulian, 1961), and C. yunnana (Moser, 1911). A key and a detailed description for the species group are presented. Male genitalia, intraspecific variations, new distribution records, and natural history are given for most species. The relationship between Clinterocera and ants is discussed.

The Old World genus Mesocomys Cameron (1905) (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae: Eupelminae) is revised. Eleven species, including two newly described species, are recognized and keyed in two previously established species groups, the albitarsis and the pulchriceps species groups sensu Gibson (1995), but with additional features provided to distinguish members of the two groups. Five species are recognized in the pulchriceps group—Mesocomys anelliformis n. sp., M. longiscapus n. sp., M. orientalis Ferrière, 1935, M. pauliani Ferrière, 1951, and M. pulchriceps Cameron, 1905. Seven species are assigned to the albitarsis group, but one, M. aegeriae Sheng, 1996 is treated as a nomen dubium; the six recognized and keyed species in the albitarsis group are M. albitarsis (Ashmead, 1904), M. breviscapis Yao, Yang & Zhao, 2009, M. menzeli (Ferrière, 1930b), M. obscurus (Ferrière, 1930b) revised stat., M. superansi Yao, Yang & Zhao, 2009, and M. trabalae Yao, Yang & Zhao, 2009. Within the albitarsis group, the species are further discussed relative to two newly established species subgroups, the albitarsis subgroup for M. albitarsis, M. menzeli and M. obscurus, and the aegeriae subgroup for M. aegeriae, M. breviscapis, M. superansi and M. trabalae. Females of the albitarsis subgroup possess a finely sculptured mesoscutal medial lobe in combination with partly infuscate fore wings and/or at least partly pale flagellum, whereas females of the aegeriae subgroup possess a much more coarsely sculptured mesoscutal medial lobe and hyaline fore wings in combination with a dark flagellum. Members of the albitarsis species group are restricted to the Oriental and eastern Palaearctic regions except for a single female of the aegeriae subgroup seen from Algeria that is provisionally identified as M. breviscapis; members of the pulchriceps group are restricted to the Afrotropical region except for M. orientalis from the Oriental region. Newly placed in synonymy are M. aegeriae Sheng, 1998 under M. aegeriae Sheng, 1996 n. syn., M. sinensis Yao, Yang & Zhao, 2009 under M. breviscapis Yao, Yang & Zhao, 2009 n. syn., M. atulyus Narendran, 1995 under M. orientalis Ferrière, 1935 n. syn., M. vuilleti (Crawford, 1912) under M. pulchriceps Cameron, 1905 n. syn., and Semianastatus orientalis Kalina, 1984 and Mesocomys kalinai Özdikmen, 2011 under M. albitarsis (Ashmead, 1904) n. syns. Lectotypes are newly designated for M. menzeli, M. obscurus, M. orientalis, M. pauliani, M. pulchriceps and M. vuilleti. Morphological features characteristic of the genus and of the highly dimorphic sexes are described and illustrated, and the species are keyed, described, and illustrated through macrophotography. Phylogenetics are discussed for the genus, the two species groups, and species within the pulchriceps group. Distribution and host records are also summarized for each species.

One of the most often evoked episodes of 20th century Russian-Indian interrelations is a short correspondence between Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (1869 –1948) and Leo Tolstoy (1828 –1910). The correspondence lasted from October of 1909 up to November of 1910, that is during the very last year of Tolstoy’s life. The “corpus” of this correspondence consists of seven letters: four from Gandhi to Tolstoy and three from Tolstoy to Gandhi. Those letters have been published more than once and translated into various languages. But the circumstances of this correspondence, the history of its study, and the contents of the letters themselves — all this has been researched rather little. This paper is a preliminary study of several friends and associates of Gandhi during his stay in South Africa (1893 –1914). Those people were connected, one way or another, with the correspondence between Gandhi and Tolstoy. Here are their names: 1. Joseph John Doke (1861 –1913), a Baptist priest; he wrote the first biography of Gandhi; 2. Henry Solomon Leon Polak (1882 –1959), a journalist; Gandhi called him “a blood brother;” 3. Pranjivandas Jagjivandas Mehta (1864 –1932), a commersant; he financed a number of Gandhi's “projects;” 4. Louis (or Lewis) Walter Ritch (1868 –1952), a businessman; he corresponded with Leo Tolstoy before Gandhi; 5. Hermann Haim Kallenbach (1871 –1945), an architect; he built a house for Gandhi in Johannesburg; 6. Sonja (Sophia) Schlesin (1888 –1956), Gandhi's secretary and, sometimes, deputy; in his letters Gandhi addressed her as “my dear daughter;” 7. Pauline Podlashuk (1881 –1971), an immigrant from Lithuania; in 1910, she translated for Gandhi from Russian into English the last letter of Tolstoy. The personalities and legacies of these people, including their more or less voluminous correspondences with Gandhi, have been studied rather little. In this paper, problematic issues are defined and perspectives of further research are suggested.

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar uma leitura do romance Banguê (1934), de José Lins do Rego, a partir da teoria do rastro, de Walter Benjamin (2006), (SEDLMAYER, GINZBURG, 2012). Banguê apresenta como tema central o contexto dos engenhos de cana de açúcar do nordeste brasileiro e tem como narrador protagonista Carlos de Melo, neto do senhor de engenho coronel José Paulino. Será a partir das retomadas de Carlos (os rastros) que o leitor compreenderá o que aconteceu em seu passado. A partir das transformações vividas por Carlos e pelo engenho Santa Rosa, tentaremos mapear os rastros que a narrativa apresenta para significar os restos. É possível perceber que a trajetória vivida por Carlos de Melo revela um encontro entre passado e presente, um passado de abundância e apogeu do Santa Rosa; um presente de decadência do engenho e de solidão de Carlos de Melo. Desse modo, o rastro consiste em um procedimento interpretativo do passado que pressupõe pensar a narrativa a partir do ponto de vista histórico, situando a coisa vivida em tempos de outrora. Segundo Ginzburg (2012), romances com Banguê expõem mundos conflituosos sem conciliação em que a estranheza se acentua. Em meio a tantos conflitos vivenciados pelas personagens, podemos tentar compreender o passado histórico, econômico e social do país.

El presente artículo analiza revistas cinematográficas españolas y declaraciones de intelectuales entre 1900 y 1939, centrando el análisis en lo referente al cine biográfico. Este interés por el cine biográfico viene refrendado por su vinculación al contexto político-cultural, marcado por el regeneracionismo, la búsqueda de la identidad nacional y la paulatina asunción del cine como un instrumento pedagógico. De esta manera, las fuentes consultadas permiten entrever una creciente demanda de este tipo de películas, de las cuales se filmaron menos de veinte desde la aparición del cinematógrafo hasta el franquismo. Por otra parte, analizando las películas estrenadas, obtenemos también las claves de la manera de idear un filme biográfico en aquel entonces, así como comprender los porqués de la insatisfacción generalizada de la crítica especializada. La ineludible comparación con las cinematografías extranjeras y la presión por presentar honrosamente la Historia de España lastró el cine biográfico de aquel entonces

En travaillant conjointement l’éducation par les méthodes actives et le désir de changement social, des descendants de Pauline Kergomard prolongent par leurs engagements militants au XXe siècle l’œuvre de la fondatrice des écoles maternelles républicaines. Ces hommes de la famille – son fils Jean Kergomard (1870-1954), un petit-fils Pierre Kergomard (1897-1981) puis un arrière-petit-fils Jean-René Kergomard (1926-2020) – inscrivent à leur manière leurs engagements dans la filiation de leur aïeule au sein de la floraison associative complémentaire de l’École publique : l’Art à l’école, les Éclaireurs de France, les Centres d’entraînement aux méthodes d’éducation active (CEMEA), la Jeunesse au Plein Air (JPA). Comme leur aïeule, l’engagement politique intéresse peu ces trois générations. Leur rapport au temple nourrit un protestantisme plus culturel que cultuel. Les solides amitiés protestantes avec les familles François, Steeg et Seydoux rapprochent une religiosité protestante déconfessionnalisée d’une forme de spiritualité laïque. Il s’agit d’un rapport au monde sous le sceau de l’éducation, tenant à distance la hiérarchie entre savoirs fondamentaux et pratiques d’éveil. L’initiative privée demeure des plus utiles à l’École publique, préparant, comme laboratoire, le terrain des réformes futures, raison pour laquelle ces héritiers s’engagent à la Maison pour Tous rue Mouffetard ou au camp-école du château de Cappy. Un rêve d’unité pédagogique et sociale qui n’empêche pas la famille de se déchirer sur l’antagonisme à propos de la République coloniale à travers la question algérienne.

The Rhyparini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) of the small island nations in eastern Melanesia (Fiji, New Caledonia, Vanuatu) and Polynesia (Samoa) are reviewed. New distributional records, keys, and illustrations of the three genera and 10 species for the region are presented. Monteitheolus Howden & Storey, 2000, is considered a new synonym of Hadrorhyparus Howden, 1995, resulting in Hadrorhyparus fijiensis (Howden & Storey, 2000), new combination. Generic limits of Antecessorirhyparus Minkina, 2020, are reviewed. The recently described, Antecessorirhyparus papuanus Minkina & Jákl, 2024, from Papua New Guinea, is discussed and is here placed in Rhyparus Westwood, 1845, becoming Rhyparus papuanus (Minkina & Jákl), new combination. Three new species are described: Antecessorirhyparus samoaensis (Samoa), Hadrorhyparus vitiensis (Fiji), and Rhyparus vanuatuensis (Vanuatu). The widespread species Rhyparus helophoroides Fairmaire, 1893, and variable Rhyparus breviceps Paulian, 1984, are reported from Samoa and are possibly adventive (recent immigrants). A lectotype is here designated for Rhyparus rugatus Arrow, 1935, from Vanuatu.

One of the most enjoyable characteristics of London musical life is that it is peopled by a generous number of foreigners who, every so often, take it upon themselves to enlighten the rest of us as to the music we are missing from back home. These can, of course, be hit-and-miss occasions, but it's in the nature of exploring unknown music of any age that you will happily put up with a handful of duds if you come away with a real discovery ringing in your ears. The Second London Festival of Bulgarian Culture (I seem to have missed the First) ran in various venues over the course of November 2012 and also accommodated art, film, literature, theatre and other forms of music (folk, pop and jazz). It opened its classical batting with a concert of ‘Bulgarian and British Symphonic Folk Songs’ in Cadogan Hall on 3 November, with the Varna Symphony Orchestra, Paulina Voices (the choir of St Paul's Girls' School) and the Holst Choir (from James Allen's Girls' School) conducted by Martin Georgiev. Pancho Vladigerov (1899–1978) being the only Bulgarian composer generally known to the outside world, it made sense to begin with him. His Shumen Miniatures, six attractive piano pieces based on folk-tunes from the town, Shumen, where Vladigerov grew up, were written in 1934 and orchestrated at some later date vouchsafed neither by the concert-programme nor the worklist at www.vladigerov.org. They embrace a variety of lighter moods: the first and fourth pieces offer lazy and lyrical summer-evening hazes and the second and third vigorous dances; the proximity of the fifth to the style of Enescu brought a reminder of the long common border Bulgaria shares with Romania (Shumen is around 100 km away from it).

The Supreme Court of Appeal ruling in Vukeya v Ntshane 2022 2 SA 452 (SCA) (“Vukeya”) provides a useful lens through which to examine the ostensible protection that section 15 of the Matrimonial Property Act 88 of 1984 provides for the patrimonial interests of spouses married in community of property. Section 15(2) of the Act appears to provide powerful protection for the spouses’ interests in their immoveable property. However, this protection can be scuppered when an errant spouse transacts with a bona fide third party who qualifies for protection in terms of section 15(9)(a) of the Act. In the Vukeya ruling, the court applied a stringent test to assess whether the third party could reasonably have known that the contracting spouse lacked the required spousal consent. The third party was deemed to qualify for the legislative protection, in part because the information in the Deeds Registry was out of date. The note suggests that there should be better communication between the Department of Home Affairs and the Deeds Registry to avoid this kind of prejudice to married spouses. It is the responsibility of the government departments concerned to update their electronic data systems so that the objectives of the protective legislation (the Matrimonial Property Act and the Deeds Registries Act 47 of 1937) can be achieved in practice. The note argues further that section 15(9) of the Act does not provide a reasonable balance between protecting the interests of third parties and the interests of non-consenting spouses. It suggests an amendment to the legislation to provide a more equitable balance by incorporating some aspects of the common law actio Pauliana.

In October 2020, Adom Getachew interviewed Nadia Nurhussein about her recent book “Black Land: Imperial Ethiopianism and African America” published by Princeton University Press in 2019. Black Land delves into nineteenth- and twentieth-century African American artistic and journalistic depictions of Ethiopia, illuminating the increasing tensions and ironies behind cultural celebrations of an African country asserting itself as an imperial power. Nurhussein navigates texts by Walt Whitman, Paul Laurence Dunbar, Pauline Hopkins, Harry Dean, Langston Hughes, Claude McKay, George Schuyler, and others, alongside images and performances that show the intersection of African America with Ethiopia during historic political shifts. From a description of a notorious 1920 Star Order of Ethiopia flag-burning demonstration in Chicago to a discussion of the Ethiopian emperor Haile Selassie as Time magazine’s Man of the Year for 1935, Nurhussein illuminates the growing complications that modern Ethiopia posed for American writers and activists who wrestled with Pan-African ideal and the reality of Ethiopia as an imperialist state. Black Land was Winner of the MSA Book Prize, from the Modernist Studies Association, finalist for the Pauli Murray Book Prize from the African American Intellectual History Society and shortlisted for the MAAH Stone Book Award from the Museum of African American History.

Genomic sequencing of worldwide butterfly fauna followed by phylogenetic analysis of protein-coding genes informs butterfly classification throughout the taxonomic hierarchy, from families to species. As a rule, we attribute the same taxonomic rank to more prominent clades of comparable divergence (i.e., at the same level in the tree). For species delimitation, we use criteria based on relative genetic differentiation and the extent of gene exchange between populations. We analyze the current taxonomic classification of butterflies in the light of genomic phylogenies and encounter clades that correspond to yet unnamed taxa. As a result, 11 tribes, 33 subtribes, 2 genera, 11 subgenera, and 12 species are proposed as new. New tribes are: in family Nymphalidae Rafinesque, 1815: in subfamily Heliconiinae Swainson, 1822: Vindulini Grishin, trib. n. (type genus <em>Vindula </em>Hemming, 1934) and Algiini Grishin, trib. n. (type genus <em>Algia </em>Herrich-Sch&auml;ffer, 1864), Lebadeini Grishin, trib. n. (type genus <em>Lebadea </em>C. Felder, 1861, in subfamily Limenitidinae Behr, 1864), and Amnosiini Grishin, trib. n. (type genus <em>Amnosia </em>E. Doubleday, 1849, in subfamily Pseudergolinae Jordan, 1898) and in family Lycaenidae [Leach], [1815]: in subfamily Aphnaeinae Distant, 1884: Cigaritini Grishin, trib. n. (type genus <em>Cigaritis </em>Donzel, 1848) and Axiocersini Grishin, trib. n. (type genus <em>Axiocerses </em>H&uuml;bner, [1819]) and in subfamily Theclinae: Drinini Grishin, trib. n. (type genus <em>Drina </em>Nic&eacute;ville, 1890), Hypochrysopini Grishin, trib. n. (type genus <em>Hypochrysops </em>C. Felder &amp; R. Felder, 1860), Jalmenini Grishin, trib. n. (type genus <em>Jalmenus </em>H&uuml;bner, 1818), Pseudalmenini Grishin, trib. n. (type genus <em>Pseudalmenus </em>H. H. Druce, 1902), and Rapalini Grishin, trib. n. (type genus <em>Rapala </em>F. Moore, 1881). New subtribes are: in Papilionidae Latreille, [1802], Meandrusina Grishin, subtrib. n. (type genus <em>Meandrusa </em>F. Moore, 1888, in Papilionini Latreille, [1802]); in Pieridae Swainson, 1820: Gandacina Grishin, subtrib. n. (type genus <em>Gandaca </em>F. Moore, 1906, in Coliadini Swainson, 1821), Hebomoiina Grishin, subtrib. n. (type genus <em>Hebomoia</em> H&uuml;bner, [1819], in Anthocharidini Scudder, 1889), and Pseudopierina Grishin, subtrib. n. (type genus <em>Pseudopieris </em>Godman &amp; Salvin, 1890, in Dismorphiini Schatz, 1886); in Nymphalidae: Lachnopterina Grishin, subtrib. n. (type genus <em>Lachnoptera </em>E. Doubleday, 1847, in Algiini Grishin, trib. n.), in Vagrantini Pinratana &amp; Eliot, 1996: Terinosina Grishin, subtrib. n. (type genus <em>Terinos </em>Boisduval, 1836) and Smerinina Grishin, subtrib. n. (type genus <em>Smerina </em>Hewitson, 1874), in Adoliadini Doubleday, 1845: Evenaina Grishin, subtrib. n. (type genus <em>Evena </em>Westwood, 1850) and Pseudathymina Grishin, subtrib. n. (type genus <em>Pseudathyma </em>Staudinger, 1891), and Kumothalina Grishin, subtrib. n. (type genus <em>Kumothales </em>Overlaet, 1940, in Cymothoini Dhungel &amp; Wahlberg, 2018); in Riodinidae Grote, 1895 (1827): Teratophthalmina Grishin, subtrib. n. (type genus Teratophthalma Stichel, 1909, in Mesosemiini Bates, 1859), Argyrogrammanina Grishin, subtrib. n. (type genus <em>Argyrogrammana </em>Strand, 1932, in Symmachiini Reuter, 1896), in the tribe Calydnini Seraphim, Freitas &amp; Kaminski, 2018: Echenaidina Grishin, subtrib. n. (type genus <em>Echenais </em>H&uuml;bner, [1819]) and Echydnina Grishin, subtrib. n. (type genus <em>Echydna </em>J. Hall, 2002), and Cariina Grishin, subtrib. n. (type genus <em>Caria </em>H&uuml;bner, 1823, in Riodinini Grote, 1895 (1827); in Lycaenidae: Megalopalpina Grishin, subtrib. n. (type genus <em>Megalopalpus </em>R&ouml;ber, 1886, in Miletini Reuter, 1896), Pseudaletidina Grishin, subtrib. n. (type genus <em>Pseudaletis </em>H. H. Druce, 1888, in Cigaritini Grishin, trib. n.), in Aphnaeini Distant, 1884: Aloeidina Grishin, subtrib. n. (type genus <em>Aloeides </em>H&uuml;bner, [1819]) and Phasisina Grishin, subtrib. n. (type genus <em>Phasis </em>H&uuml;bner, [1819]), Pilodeudorigina Grishin, subtrib. n. (type genus <em>Pilodeudorix </em>H. H. Druce, 1891, in Rapalini Grishin, trib. n.), Hemiolaina Grishin, subtrib. n. (type genus <em>Hemiolaus </em>Aurivillius, 1922, in Oxylidini Eliot, 1973), Cupidopsina Grishin, subtrib. n. (type genus <em>Cupidopsis </em>Karsch, 1895, in Hypotheclini Eliot, 1973), and in tribe Polyommatini Swainson, 1827: Theclinesthina Grishin, subtrib. n. (type genus <em>Theclinesthes </em>R&ouml;ber, 1891), Azanina Grishin, subtrib. n. (type genus <em>Azanus </em>F. Moore, 1881), Unina Grishin, subtrib. n. (type genus <em>Una </em>Nic&eacute;ville, 1890), Ionolycina Grishin, subtrib. n. (type genus <em>Ionolyce </em>Toxopeus, 1929), Pithecopina Grishin, subtrib. n. (type genus <em>Pithecops </em>Horsfield, 1828), Zizulina Grishin, subtrib. n. (type genus <em>Zizula </em>Chapman, 1910), Jamidina Grishin, subtrib. n. (type genus <em>Jamides </em>H&uuml;bner, [1819]), Fameganina Grishin, subtrib. n. (type genus <em>Famegana </em>Eliot, 1973), Oboroniina Grishin, subtrib. n. (type genus <em>Oboronia </em>Karsch, 1893), and Uranothaumatina Grishin, subtrib. n. (type genus <em>Uranothauma </em>Butler, 1895); and in Hesperiidae Latreille, 1809, Cupithina Grishin, subtrib. n. (type genus <em>Cupitha </em>F. Moore, 1884, in Astictopterini Swinhoe, 1912). The new genera are <em>Balenga </em>Grishin, gen. n. (type 2 species <em>Proteides balenge </em>Holland, 1891, in Gretnini Grishin, 2019) and <em>Tulsia </em>Grishin, gen. n. (type species <em>Parnara tulsi</em> Nic&eacute;ville, 1884, in Baorini Doherty, 1886). New subgenera are: in Pieridae, <em>Lirinia </em>Grishin, subgen. n. (type species <em>Terias lirina</em> H. Bates, 1861, in genus <em>Pyrisitia </em>A. Butler, 1870); in Nymphalidae: <em>Hyperanartia </em>Grishin, subgen. n. (type species <em>Vanessa dione</em> Latreille, [1813], in genus <em>Hypanartia </em>H&uuml;bner, [1821]) and <em>Paranartia</em> Grishin, subgen. n. (type species <em>Hypanartia hippomene</em> H&uuml;bner, [1823], in genus <em>Vanessa </em>[Fabricius], 1807); in Lycaenidae, <em>Auricirrus </em>Grishin, subgen. n. (type species <em>Papilio thysbe</em> Linnaeus, 1764, in genus <em>Chrysoritis </em>Butler, 1898); and in Hesperiidae: <em>Isocleros </em>Grishin, subgen. n. (type species <em>Pamphila </em>(?) <em>mackenii </em>Trimen, 1868, in genus <em>Acleros </em>Mabille, 1885), <em>Mesna </em>Grishin, subgen. n. (type species <em>Parnara leucophaea</em> Holland, 1894, in genus <em>Fresna </em>Evans, 1937), <em>Lippina</em> Grishin, subgen. n. (type species <em>Carystus telesinus</em> Mabille, 1878, in genus <em>Xanthoneura </em>Eliot, 1978), <em>Ganda </em>Grishin, subgen. n. (type species <em>Zophopetes</em> <em>ganda</em> Evans, 1937, in genus <em>Leona </em>Evans, 1937), <em>Zarida </em>Grishin, subgen. n. (type species <em>Hesperia lacida </em>Hewitson, 1876, in genus <em>Gretna </em>Evans, 1937), and in genus <em>Gegenes </em>H&uuml;bner, 1819: <em>Flanga </em>Grishin, subgen. n. (type species <em>Parnara perobscura</em> H. H. Druce, 1912), and <em>Havea</em> Grishin, subgen. n. (type species <em>Hesperia havei</em> Boisduval, 1833). New species are: in Nymphalidae: <em>Microtia elvira</em> Grishin, sp. n. (type locality in the USA: AZ, Pima/Santa Cruz Cos.) and <em>Cyllopsis brocki</em> sp. n. (type locality in Mexico: Sonora, Y&eacute;cora), in Riodinidae, <em>Argyrogrammana astuta</em> Grishin, sp. n. (type locality in Peru: Madre de Dios), in Hesperiidae: <em>Cecropterus (Thorybes) rockiensis</em> Grishin, sp. n. (type locality in USA: CO, Jefferson Co.), <em>Cecropterus (Thorybes) floridianus</em> Grishin, sp. n. (type locality in USA: FL, Volusia Co.), <em>Cecropterus (Thorybes) oaxacensis</em> Grishin, sp. n. (type locality in Mexico: Oaxaca), <em>Nascus (Bron)</em> <em>lux </em>Grishin, sp. n. (type locality in Brazil: Amap&aacute;), <em>Cogia chiagua</em> Grishin, sp. n. (type locality in Guatemala), <em>Celotes sabinus</em> Grishin, sp. n. (type locality in USA: AZ, Pima Co.), <em>Acleros togo</em> Grishin, sp. n. (type locality in Togo), <em>Ceratrichia notata</em> Grishin, sp. n. (type locality in Central African Republic), and <em>Semalea malawi</em> Grishin, sp. n. (type locality in Malawi). Furthermore, we elevate a tribe to subfamily, resurrect 3 tribes, 3 subtribes, 5 genera (and confirm 1), 3 subgenera, change the rank of 5 currently recognized tribes to subtribes (and confirm 1), 10 genera to subgenera, synonymize 4 genera, and present evidence to support 21 taxa as species instead of subspecies and 3 taxa as subspecies instead of synonyms. Namely, we reinstate Liphyrinae Doherty, 1889 as a subfamily (was a tribe of Miletinae Reuter, 1896), treat the following as tribes: Leptidiini Grote,1897 (in Dismorphiinae Schatz, 1886) and in Theclinae Swainson, 1830: Surendrini Ko&ccedil;ak &amp; Seven, 1997 (not a subtribe of Arhopalini Bingham, 1907) and Myrinini Toxopeus, 1929 (not a synonym of Amblypodiini Doherty, 1886), and subtribes: Callidryina Kirby, 1896 and Gonepterygina Verity, 1920 (in Coliadini Swainson, 1821), Abrotina Hemming, 1960 and Bebeariina Hemming, 1960 (in Adoliadini Doubleday, 1845), and Sarotina Bridges, 1988 (in Helicopini Stichel, 1928). We confirm <em>Libytheana </em>Michener, 1943 as a valid genus, not a junior subjective synonym of <em>Prolibythea </em>Scudder, 1889 and resurrect from synonymy the following genera: <em>Pseudanaphaeis </em>Bernardi, 1953 (not <em>Belenois </em>H&uuml;bner, [1819]), <em>Charmion </em>Nic&eacute;ville, 1894 (not <em>Celaenorrhinus </em>H&uuml;bner, [1819]), <em>Sape </em>Mabille, 1891 (not <em>Sarangesa </em>F. Moore, [1881]), <em>Milena </em>Evans, 1912 (not <em>Caltoris </em>Swinhoe, 1893) and subgenera: <em>Neofieldia </em>&Ouml;zdikmen, 2008 and <em>Bassaris </em>H&uuml;bner, [1821] of <em>Vanessa </em>[Fabricius], 1807 and <em>Spindasis </em>Wallengren, 1857 of <em>Cigaritis </em>Donzel, 1848. We change the status of the following taxa from tribes to subtribes: Nathalina B&aacute;lint, 2022 and Kricogonina B&aacute;lint, 2022 of Euremini Grote, 1898, Tarakina Eliot, 1973 of Spalgini, 1929, Horagina Swinhoe, 1910 and Loxurina Swinhoe, 1910 of Cheritrini Swinhoe, 1910, and Niphandina Sibatani &amp; Ito, 1942 of Polyommatini; from genus to subgenus: <em>Leucidia </em>E. Doubleday, 1847 of <em>Abaeis </em>H&uuml;bner, [1819], <em>Cesa </em>Seven, 1997 of <em>Crudaria </em>Wallengren, 1875, <em>Paralycaeides </em>Nabokov, 1945 of <em>Itylos </em>Draudt, 1921, <em>Eldoradina </em>Balletto, 1993 of <em>Nabokovia </em>Hemming, 1960, <em>Pyrrhochalcia </em>Mabille, 1904 of <em>Coeliades </em>H&uuml;bner, 1818, <em>Paracleros </em>Berger, 1978 of <em>Acleros </em>Mabille, 1885, <em>Mopala </em>Evans, 1937 of <em>Leona </em>Evans, 1937, <em>Afrogegenes </em>Jong &amp; Coutsis, 2017 and <em>Torbenlarsenia </em>Kemal &amp; Ko&ccedil;ak, 2020 of <em>Gegenes </em>H&uuml;bner, 1819, and <em>Zenonoida </em>Fan &amp; Chiba, 2016 of <em>Zenonia </em>Evans, 1935; and from genus to junior subjective synonym: <em>Vansomerenia </em>Heath, 1997 of <em>Chloroselas </em>Butler, 1886, <em>Ceratricula </em>Larsen, 2013 of <em>Paronymus </em>Aurivillius, 1925, <em>Xanthodisca </em>Aurivillius, 1925 of <em>Semalea </em>Holland, 1896, <em>Perrotia </em>Oberth&uuml;r, 1916 of <em>Galerga </em>Mabille, 1898. The following taxa are species, not subspecies or synonyms: <em>Pyrisitia mayobanex</em> (M. Bates, 1939), stat. nov. and <em>Pyrisitia memulus</em> (A. Butler, 1871), stat. rest. (not <em>Pyrisitia dina</em> (Poey, 1832)), <em>Abaeis gratiosa</em> (E. Doubleday, 1847), stat. rest. and <em>Abaeis angulata</em> (Wallengren, 1860), stat. rest. (not <em>Abaeis arbela</em> (Geyer, 1832)), <em>Teriocolias doris</em> (R&ouml;ber, 1909), stat. rest. (not T<em>eriocolias deva</em> (E. Doubleday, 1847)), <em>Vanessa madegassorum</em> (Aurivillius, 1899), stat. nov. (not <em>Vanessa hippomene</em> (H&uuml;bner, 1823)), <em>Eresia (Anthanassa) seminole</em> Skinner, 1911, stat. rev. (not <em>Eresia (Anthanassa) texana</em> (W. H. Edwards, 1863)), <em>Cecropterus (Thorybes) albosuffusa</em> (H. Freeman, 1943), stat. nov. and <em>Cecropterus (Thorybes) indistinctus</em> (Austin &amp; J. Emmel, 1998), stat. nov. (not <em>Cecropterus (Thorybes) pylades</em> (Scudder, 1870)), <em>Cogia hiska</em> Evans, 1953, stat. nov. (not <em>Cogia hippalus </em>(W. H. Edwards, 1882)), <em>Cogia moschus</em> (W. H. Edwards, 1882), stat. rest. (not <em>Cogia caicus</em> (Herrich-Sch&auml;ffer, 1869)), <em>Pholisora albicirrus</em> Glassberg 2023, stat. nov. (not <em>Pholisora catullus</em> (Fabricius, 1793)), <em>Acleros (Isocleros) instabilis</em> Mabille, 1889, stat. rest. and <em>Acleros (Isocleros) olaus</em> (Pl&ouml;tz, 1884), stat. rest. (not A<em>cleros (Isocleros) mackenii </em>(Trimen, 1868)), <em>Fresna (Mesna) bassa</em> (Lindsey &amp; L. Miller, 1965), stat. nov., comb. nov. (not <em>Meza leucophaea</em> (Holland, 1894)), <em>Paronymus volta</em> (L. Miller, 1971), stat. nov., comb. nov. (not <em>Meza cybeutes </em>(Holland, 1894)), <em>Paronymus indeterminabilis</em> (Strand, 1912), stat. rest., comb. nov. and <em>Paronymus congdoni</em> (Larsen, 2013), stat. nov., comb. nov. (not <em>Ceratricula semilutea </em>(Mabille, 1891)), <em>Semalea corvinus</em> (Mabille, 1890), stat. rest. (not <em>Semalea sextilis</em> (Pl&ouml;tz, 1886)), <em>Xanthoneura patmapana</em> (Fruhstorfer, 1911), stat. nov. (not <em>Xanthoneura corissa</em> (Hewitson, 1876)), <em>Gretna capra</em> Evans, 1937, stat. nov. (not <em>Gretna carmen</em> Evans, 1937), and <em>Lerodea dysaules</em> Godman, 1900, stat. rest. (not a synonym of <em>Lerodea arabus</em> (W. H. Edwards, 1882)), while <em>Vernia verna</em> <em>sequoyah</em> (H. Freeman, 1942), stat. rest. (not a synonym of <em>Vernia verna</em> W. H. Edwards, 1862) and <em>Euphyes vestris osceola</em> (Lintner, 1878), stat. rev. (not a synonym of <em>Euphyes vestris vestris</em> (Boisduval, 1852)) are subspecies. In addition, we propose new genus-species combinations: <em>Pyrisitia amelia</em> (Poey, [1852]), <em>Pyrisitia lirina</em> (H. Bates, 1861), <em>Abaeis paulina</em> (H. Bates, 3 1861), <em>Abaeis xantochlora</em> (Kollar, 1850), <em>Abaeis fabiola</em> (C. Felder &amp; R. Felder, 1861), <em>Abaeis tupuntenem</em> (Lichy, 1976), and <em>Abaeis adamsi</em> (Lathy, 1898) (not <em>Eurema </em>H&uuml;bner, [1819]), <em>Shijimia potanini</em> (Alph&eacute;raky, 1889) (not <em>Tongeia </em>Tutt, 1908), <em>Fresna (Mesna) larea</em> (Neave, 1910), <em>Fresna (Mesna) leucophaea</em> (Holland, 1894), <em>Fresna (Mesna) mabea</em> (Holland, 1894), <em>Paronymus banda</em> (Evans, 1937), <em>Paronymus cybeutes</em> (Holland, 1894), <em>Paronymus elba</em> (Evans, 1937), <em>Paronymus gardineri</em> (Collins &amp; Larsen, 2008), <em>Paronymus indusiate</em> (Mabille, 1891), and <em>Paronymus mabillei</em> (Holland, 1893) (not <em>Meza </em>Hemming, 1939), <em>Paronymus punctata</em> (Holland, 1896) (not <em>Ceratrichia </em>Butler, 1870), <em>Galerga ariel</em> (Mabille, 1878) (not <em>Xanthodisca</em> Aurivillius, 1925), <em>Isoteinon anomoeus </em>(Pl&ouml;tz, 1879), <em>Isoteinon bruno</em> (Evans, 1937), <em>Isoteinon inornatus</em> (Trimen, 1864), and <em>Isoteinon punctulata </em>(A. Butler, 1895) (not <em>Astictopterus</em> C. Felder &amp; R. Felder, 1860), <em>Borbo gemella</em> (Mabille, 1884) (not <em>Torbenlarsenia </em>Kemal &amp; Ko&ccedil;ak, 2020), and <em>Gegenes (Torbenlarsenia) cottrelli</em> (Larsen, 2013), <em>Gegenes (Torbenlarsenia) fallax </em>(Gaede, 1916), <em>Gegenes (Torbenlarsenia) fanta</em> (Evans, 1937), <em>Gegenes (Torbenlarsenia) micans</em> (Holland, 1896), and <em>Gegenes (Torbenlarsenia) sirena</em> (Evans, 1937) (not <em>Borbo </em>Evans, 1949); and a new species-subspecies combination <em>Cogia hiska hester</em> Evans, 1953 (not <em>Cogia hippalus</em>). <em>Acleros nyassicola</em> Strand, 1921 is a junior subjective synonym of <em>Acleros (Isocleros) olaus</em> (Pl&ouml;tz, 1884), not of <em>Acleros (Isocleros) mackenii </em>(Trimen, 1868). We transferred the tribes Oxylidini Eliot, 1973, Remelanini Eliot, 1973, and Hypolycaenini Swinhoe, 1910 from Theclinae Swainson, 1831 to Polyommatinae Swainson, 1827. We conclude that [No genus] <em>osibius </em>Draudt, 1924 is an unavailable name. The lectotype is designated for <em>Eudamus caicus</em> Herrich-Sch&auml;ffer, 1869 (type locality likely in Mexico: Oaxaca, as deduced by sequence comparison), and the neotype is designated for <em>Telemiades solon </em>Pl&ouml;tz, 1882 (type locality becomes Brazil: Bahia). The type localities of <em>Ceratrichia punctata</em> Holland, 1896 and <em>Osmodes staudingeri</em> Holland, 1896 are Sierra Leone: Freetown and Cameroon: Efoulan, respectively, as determined from the locality labels of primary type specimens. Finally, we provide taxonomic lists for Euremini (to worldwide subgenera and American species) and Lycaenidae (to subtribes).

Observam-se desafios múltiplos para se abordar literatura na educação básica atualmente, sobretudo literaturas africanas de língua portuguesa, conteúdo curricular previsto na Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BRASIL, 2018) e assegurado também pela Lei 10.639/2003 (BRASIL, 2003). Entre as dificuldades mais recorrentes, podem-se destacar: a formação dos professores, a produção literária disponível e os tempos escolares destinados para o trabalho com a leitura literária. Assim, busca-se abordar essas questões sobre o ensino de literatura na educação básica, por meio de discussões teóricas, relacionadas ao trabalho com oralidade, escrita e leitura literárias nas séries iniciais do ensino fundamental, com objetivo geral de promover a formação de professores para atuar com literatura nesse nível de ensino, sendo os objetivos específicos os seguintes: identificar especificidades do texto literário e de sua leitura e escuta; conhecer os principais fundamentos teóricos que sustentam o conceito de leitura literária. Enfatiza-se, neste artigo, a literatura cabo-verdiana, observando-se a materialidade de duas obras literárias específicas, quais sejam, o poema “Ilhas”, de Jorge Barbosa (1935), e o conto “...Ou quando Santo Antão é apenas silêncio”, de Dina Salústio (1994), que encenam a insularidade da República de Cabo Verde, cada qual conforme seu contexto de produção. Para fundamentar a abordagem, fontes teóricas abrangem pesquisas sobre literatura e ensino, com Aparecida Paiva, Graça Paulino e Marta Passos (2006); Antoine Compagnon (2009); Paulo Franchetti (2009); Iris Amâncio (2008) e Márcia Marques de Morais (2020); sobre literatura como direito humano, com Antonio Candido (2004),e sobre oralidade cabo-verdiana, conforme perspectiva de Dulce Almada Duarte (2003).Palavras-chave: literatura; educação básica; Cabo Verde; literaturas africanas de língua portuguesa; BNCC.

<strong>Dudzińska, Paulina, Milanowska, Małgorzata, Grudzińska, Aleksandra, Jarosz, Dominika</strong><strong>,</strong><strong>&nbsp;Tsitko, Hanna. </strong><strong>Selenium and Hashimoto disease</strong><strong>.</strong><strong>&nbsp;Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2022;12(1</strong><strong>1</strong><strong>):</strong><strong>2</strong><strong>67</strong><strong>-2</strong><strong>71</strong><strong>.</strong><strong>&nbsp;eISSN 2391-8306. DOI</strong>&nbsp;<strong>http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2022.12.11.03</strong><strong>4</strong> <strong>https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/</strong><strong>40753</strong> <strong>https://zenodo.org/record/7297891</strong> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <strong>The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343.</strong> <strong>Has a Journal&#39;s Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences).</strong> <strong>Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punkt&oacute;w. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159.</strong> <strong>Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu).</strong> <strong>&copy; The Authors 2022;</strong> <strong>This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland</strong> <strong>Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike.</strong> <strong>(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.</strong> <strong>The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.</strong> <strong>Received: </strong><strong>20</strong><strong>.</strong><strong>10</strong><strong>.2022. Revised: </strong><strong>20</strong><strong>.</strong><strong>10</strong><strong>.2022. Accepted: </strong><strong>0</strong><strong>6</strong><strong>.</strong><strong>11</strong><strong>.2022.</strong> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <strong>SELENIUM AND HASHIMOTO DISEASE</strong> <strong>SELEN A CHOROBA HASHIMOTO</strong> &nbsp; Paulina Dudzińska &nbsp;ORCID: 0000-0001-8314-3784, paulla134@gmail.com, Małgorzata Milanowska&nbsp;ORCID 0000-0003-1713-3304, m.milanowska@yahoo.com Aleksandra Grudzińska ORCID: 0000-0002-1024-176X, aleksandra-gru@o2.pl Dominika Jarosz&nbsp;ORCID: 0000-0003-1933-0600, d-jagiello@wp.pl Hanna Tsitko ORCID: 0000-0002-2079-7382, htsitko@gmail.com Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie <strong>ABSTRACT</strong> &nbsp; Selenium is one of the most important micronutrients affecting the human body. It plays a crucial role in the thyroid gland, where its concentration is the highest. This element has the ability to remove reactive oxygen species and deiodinate thyroid hormones. Balanced diet and supplements are basic for achieving proper concentration of selenium in human organism. Recently a number of studies have been conducted focusing on the effect of selenium on autoimmune thyroiditis - Hashimoto&rsquo;s disease. In our study the oral supply of selenium was used, and then the levels of selected parameters were measured. It has been proved that Selenium lowers levels of antithyroglobulin and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies. Moreover the concentration of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone is also lowered by this micronutrient. In this review we draw attention to possible resources of delivery of this element to organisms and the impact it has on the course of the above-mentioned diseases. We come to conclusion that there is a strong correlation between Selenium and the functioning of thyroid gland. Doctor&rsquo;s awareness and cooperation with the patient in order to establish proper doses of micro- and macronutrients which are taken with basic medications is very important for the therapeutic process. This article is a review of current medical knowledge about Selenium affecting a thyroid gland based on available publications in Pubmed and Google Scholar databases. &nbsp; <strong>Key words: </strong>selenium, hashimoto disease, thyroiditis, thyroid gland, diet

<strong>DUDZIŃSKA, Paulina, MILANOWSKA, Małgorzata, GRUDZIŃSKA, Aleksandra, JAROSZ, Dominika &amp; TSITKO, Hanna. Obesity In Children</strong><strong>. </strong><strong>Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2022;12(1</strong><strong>2</strong><strong>):</strong><strong>2</strong><strong>32</strong><strong>-</strong><strong>2</strong><strong>36</strong><strong>. eISSN 2391</strong><strong>-8306. DOI </strong><strong>http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2022.12.12.03</strong><strong>6</strong> <strong>https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/408</strong><strong>31</strong> <strong>https://zenodo.org/record/7341078</strong> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <strong>The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343.</strong> <strong>Has a Journal&#39;s Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences).</strong> <strong>Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punkt&oacute;w. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159.</strong> <strong>Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu).</strong> <strong>&copy; The Authors 2022;</strong> <strong>This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland</strong> <strong>Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike.</strong> <strong>(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.</strong> <strong>The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.</strong> <strong>Received: </strong><strong>09</strong><strong>.</strong><strong>1</strong><strong>1</strong><strong>.2022. Revised: </strong><strong>20</strong><strong>.1</strong><strong>1</strong><strong>.2022. Accepted: </strong><strong>21</strong><strong>.11.2022.</strong> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <strong>OBESITY IN CHILDREN</strong> <strong>OTYŁOŚĆ DZIECIĘCA</strong> &nbsp; &nbsp; Paulina Dudzińska&sup1; &nbsp;ORCID: 0000-0001-8314-3784, paulla134@gmail.com, Małgorzata Milanowska&sup1;&nbsp;ORCID 0000-0003-1713-3304, m.milanowska@yahoo.com Aleksandra Grudzińska&sup1; ORCID: 0000-0002-1024-176X, aleksandra-gru@o2.pl Dominika Jarosz&sup1; ORCID: 0000-0003-1933-0600, d-jagiello@wp.pl Hanna Tsitko&sup1; ORCID: 0000-0002-2079-7382, htsitko@gmail.com &sup1; Medical University of Lublin &nbsp; &nbsp; <strong>ABSTRACT</strong> Childhood obesity is currently a global problem. This disease is spreading among the youngest at an alarming rate. It leads to many complications such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, asthma, liver disease, type 2 diabetes, stroke and cancer. The risk factors for obesity include socioeconomic factors, poor diet, stress, low physical activity, and genetic factors. Research shows that neglect on each of these levels causes the development of the aforementioned disease. The priority of actions to prevent the occurrence of obesity among children is education about leading a healthy lifestyle from an early age. It should be run by parents, teachers at school and doctors. Currently, a major obstacle in the fight against obesity is the wide and easy availability on the market of processed products that are quick to prepare, high in calories and contain little nutrients. As a result of lack of time or lack of willingness, people more often reach for fast-food dishes, do not play sports, which unfortunately results in the development of the above-mentioned diseases. Undoubtedly, the problem of obesity among children and adolescents is growing. It is therefore important to prevent, quickly detect and treat this disease in its early stages and to build awareness among the population about the dangers of bad habits. This article is a review of current medical knowledge about children obesity based on available publications in Pubmed and Google Scholar databases. <strong>Key words: </strong>obesity, children, childhood obesity, diet, prevention of obesity.

<strong>GRUDZIŃSKA, Aleksandra, DUDZIŃSKA, Paulina, MILANOWSKA, Małgorzata, JAROSZ, Dominika &amp; TSITKO, Hanna. Sexual activity in terms of cardiac rehabilitation after cardiovascular incidents</strong><strong>.</strong><strong>&nbsp;Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 202</strong><strong>3</strong><strong>;1</strong><strong>3</strong><strong>(</strong><strong>3</strong><strong>):</strong><strong>98-104</strong><strong>. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI</strong>&nbsp;<strong>http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2023.13.03.01</strong><strong>4</strong> <strong>https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/41</strong><strong>599</strong> <strong>https://zenodo.org/record/7555637</strong> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <strong>The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343.</strong> <strong>Has a Journal&#39;s Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences).</strong> <strong>Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punkt&oacute;w. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159.</strong> <strong>Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu).</strong> <strong>&copy; The Authors 202</strong><strong>3</strong><strong>;</strong> <strong>This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland</strong> <strong>Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike.</strong> <strong>(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.</strong> <strong>The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.</strong> <strong>Received: </strong><strong>29</strong><strong>.</strong><strong>12</strong><strong>.2022. Revised: </strong><strong>17</strong><strong>.</strong><strong>01</strong><strong>.202</strong><strong>3</strong><strong>. Accepted: </strong><strong>20</strong><strong>.</strong><strong>01</strong><strong>.202</strong><strong>3</strong><strong>.</strong> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <strong>AKTYWNOŚĆ SEKSUALNA W ASPEKCIE REHABILITACJI KARDIOLOGICZNEJ PO INCYDENTACH SERCOWO-NACZYNIOWYCH.</strong> <strong>SEXUAL ACTIVITY IN TERMS OF CARDIAC REHABILITATION AFTER CARDIOVASCULAR INCIDENTS. </strong> Aleksandra Grudzińska¹&nbsp;ORCID: 0000-0002-1024-176X, aleksandra-gru@o2.pl Paulina Dudzińska¹&nbsp;&nbsp;ORCID: 0000-0001-8314-3784, paulla134@gmail.com, Małgorzata Milanowska¹&nbsp;ORCID 0000-0003-1713-3304, m.milanowska@yahoo.com Dominika Jarosz¹&nbsp;ORCID: 0000-0003-1933-0600, d-jagiello@wp.pl Hanna Tsitko¹&nbsp;ORCID: 0000-0002-2079-7382, htsitko@gmail.com ¹Medical University of Lublin &nbsp; Key words: cardiovascular diseases; heart attack; myocardial infarction; sexual activity; cardiac rehabilitation; sexual counseling <strong>ABSTRACT</strong> Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are still the leading cause of death. Environmental factors such as smoking, low physical activity and poor diet have the greatest impact on the incidence of the disease.&nbsp;For patients after a cardiovascular incident, cardiac rehabilitation is the key to recovery. One possible path of rehabilitation is sexual activity (SA). Sexual activities are similar to mild/moderate physical activity during a short period. Most patients are recommended to involve in sexual activity after prior comprehensive evaluation of physical condition. Before involving in sexual activity the general condition of the patient needs to be checked. &nbsp;A useful method for this is a stress testing. The patients with stable cardiac symptoms and good functional capacity are at a low risk of recurrent cardiovascular events, and others require treatment or improvement of heart function. The most efficient way to provide SA is a sexual counseling. Evidence suggests that relatively few cardiac patients receive sexual counseling, which can result in negative outcomes ranging from psychological, physical, and quality of life. Sexual problems and concerns are prevalent, including patient and partner fear of causing another heart attack. It is because people still believe that sexual activity is too risky and they cease all of it. Sexual counseling is needed across health care settings to ensure that patients receive information to safely resume SA.

<strong>GRUDZIŃSKA, Aleksandra, DUDZIŃSKA, Paulina, MILANOWSKA, Małgorzata, JAROSZ, Dominika &amp; TSITKO, Hanna. PIMS - symptoms and short/long-term gastrointestinal and cardiovascular system complications</strong><strong>.</strong>&nbsp;<strong>Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 202</strong><strong>3</strong><strong>;1</strong><strong>3</strong><strong>(</strong><strong>5</strong><strong>):</strong><strong>33-37.</strong><strong>&nbsp;eISSN 2391-8306. DOI </strong><strong>http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2023.13.05.00</strong><strong>4</strong> <strong>https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/42</strong><strong>695</strong> <strong>https://zenodo.org/record/7703796</strong> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <strong>The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343.</strong> <strong>Has a Journal&#39;s Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences).</strong> <strong>Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punkt&oacute;w. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159.</strong> <strong>Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu).</strong> <strong>&copy; The Authors 202</strong><strong>3</strong><strong>;</strong> <strong>This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland</strong> <strong>Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike.</strong> <strong>(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.</strong> <strong>The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.</strong> <strong>Received:</strong><strong>&nbsp;21</strong><strong>.</strong><strong>02</strong><strong>.202</strong><strong>3</strong><strong>. Revised: </strong><strong>22</strong><strong>.</strong><strong>02</strong><strong>.202</strong><strong>3</strong><strong>. Accepted: </strong><strong>04</strong><strong>.</strong><strong>03</strong><strong>.202</strong><strong>3</strong><strong>.</strong><strong>&nbsp;Published: 07.03.2023.</strong> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <strong>PIMS - SYMPTOMS AND SHORT/LONG-TERM GASTROINTESTINAL AND CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM COMPLICATIONS</strong> <strong>PIMS &ndash; OBJAWY ORAZ POWIKŁANIA KR&Oacute;TKO I DŁUGOTERMINOWE ZE STRONY UKŁADU POKARMOWEGO ORAZ SERCOWO-NACZYNIOWEGO</strong> &nbsp; Aleksandra Grudzińska¹&nbsp;ORCID: 0000-0002-1024-176X, aleksandra-gru@o2.pl Paulina Dudzińska¹&nbsp;&nbsp;ORCID: 0000-0001-8314-3784, paulla134@gmail.com, Małgorzata Milanowska¹&nbsp;ORCID 0000-0003-1713-3304, m.milanowska@yahoo.com Dominika Jarosz¹&nbsp;ORCID: 0000-0003-1933-0600, d-jagiello@wp.pl Hanna Tsitko¹&nbsp;ORCID: 0000-0002-2079-7382, htsitko@gmail.com ¹Medical University of Lublin &nbsp; &nbsp; <strong>ABSTRACT </strong> PIMS (paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome associated with COVID-19 or Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C)) is a new disease classification, occurring in children and young adults associated with the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Although children suffer from COVID-19 infection asymptomatically or mildly, long-term complications of the disease may be more severe for them than for adults. Despite the fact that PIMS is a relatively new disease, we already know that it should not be underestimated. In spite of the clinical picture of these complications may resemble Kawasaki Disease (KD), we may notice some differences in laboratory tests (such as reduced number of lymphocytes, decreased platelet count or elevated ferritin levels). Although usually the first symptom of PIMS is high fever, it is followed by symptoms related to the digestive system, present in about 80% of cases. The insidious and severe gastrointestinal symptoms of PIMS can mimic abdominal surgical emergencies, including acute appendicitis, gastrointestinal infections or inflammatory bowel disease. Cardiovascular symptoms occur in approximately 60% of patients with PIMS. Immunomodulatory therapy plays an essential role in the treatment of PIMS. The exact causes of PIMS are recently unknown, however, it is explained as genetic hyperactivation of immunity. In this minireview we summarize the most recent data about this condition, mainly we are focusing on gastrointestinal and cardiovascular &nbsp;symptoms, short/long-term complications and treatment. &nbsp; Key words: PIMS, Covid-19, MIS-C, Pediatric, Gastrointestinal, Cardiovascular

<strong>JAROSZ, Dominika, GRUDZIŃSKA, Aleksandra, DUDZIŃSKA, Paulina, MILANOWSKA, Małgorzata &amp; TSITKO, Hanna. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy &ndash; review of current literature</strong><strong>. </strong><strong>Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2022;12(1</strong><strong>2</strong><strong>):</strong><strong>286</strong><strong>-</strong><strong>290</strong><strong>. eISSN 2391</strong><strong>-8306. DOI </strong><strong>http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2022.12.12.04</strong><strong>3</strong> <strong>https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/410</strong><strong>26</strong> <strong>https://zenodo.org/record/7455435</strong> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <strong>The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343.</strong> <strong>Has a Journal&#39;s Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences).</strong> <strong>Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punkt&oacute;w. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159.</strong> <strong>Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu).</strong> <strong>&copy; The Authors 2022;</strong> <strong>This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland</strong> <strong>Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike.</strong> <strong>(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.</strong> <strong>The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.</strong> <strong>Received: </strong><strong>28</strong><strong>.</strong><strong>11</strong><strong>.2022. Revised: </strong><strong>15</strong><strong>.1</strong><strong>2</strong><strong>.2022. Accepted: </strong><strong>18</strong><strong>.1</strong><strong>2</strong><strong>.2022.</strong> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <strong>TAKOTSUBO CARDIOMYOPATHY &ndash; REVIEW OF CURRENT LITERATURE</strong> <strong>KARDIOMIOPATIA TAKOTSUBO &ndash; PRZEGLĄD AKTUALNEJ LITERATURY</strong> &nbsp; Dominika Jarosz¹&nbsp;ORCID: 0000-0003-1933-0600, d-jagiello@wp.pl Aleksandra Grudzińska¹&nbsp;ORCID: 0000-0002-1024-176X, aleksandra-gru@o2.pl Paulina Dudzińska¹&nbsp;&nbsp;ORCID: 0000-0001-8314-3784, paulla134@gmail.com Małgorzata Milanowska¹&nbsp;ORCID 0000-0003-1713-3304, m.milanowska@yahoo.com Hanna Tsitko¹&nbsp;ORCID: 0000-0002-2079-7382, htsitko@gmail.com &nbsp; ¹Medical University of Lublin &nbsp; &nbsp; <strong>ABSTRACT</strong> Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) also known as broken heart syndrome is acute cardiac disease, which is characterized by reversible ventricular motion abnormalities, in the absence of justifying coronary artery disease. The clinical entity was first described in Japan in 1991. The word &ldquo;Takotsubo&rdquo; is a container used by the Japanese to catch octopus, which has a narrow neck and a relatively wide base, which resembles the heart&#39;s shape in TTS. The cardiomiopathy predominantly affects postmenopausal women and is often preceded by emotional (death of close family member, domestic abuse) or physical (external injury, severe pain)&nbsp;stress. The exact pathophysiological mechanism has not yet been fully clarified. Inordinate amount of catecholamines released into bloodstream after stress attack plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of TTS. Symptoms of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy such as chest pain and dyspnea&nbsp;are similar to acute myocardial infarction due to it TTS requires careful diagnosis. The main tools for making diagnosis are echocardiography, coronary angiography, ECG, cardiac biomarkers and cardiac magnetic resonance. The syndrome is usually reversible, nevertheless number of patients may develop complications such as cardiogenic shock, arrhythmias, heart failure. Treatment is mostly supportive including Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACEi) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), which may reduce the likelihood of recurrent episodes. Generally patients with TSS have&nbsp;favourable prognosis, although some deaths are reported. This article is a review of current medical knowledge about Takotsubo syndrome based on available publications in Pubmed and Google Scholar databases. &nbsp; Key words: takotsubo syndrome, takotsubo cardiomyopathy, broken heart syndrome, left ventricular ballooning

<strong>TSITKO, Hanna, DUDZIŃSKA, Paulina, MILANOWSKA, Małgorzata, GRUDZIŃSKA, Aleksandra &amp; JAROSZ, Dominika. The diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection after the arthroplasty of knee joint</strong><strong>. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2023;13(</strong><strong>2</strong><strong>):</strong><strong>131-</strong><strong>1</strong><strong>35</strong><strong>. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI </strong><strong>http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2023.13.02.01</strong><strong>8</strong> <strong>https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/41</strong><strong>194</strong> <strong>https://zenodo.org/record/7478294</strong> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <strong>The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343.</strong> <strong>Has a Journal&#39;s Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences).</strong> <strong>Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punkt&oacute;w. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159.</strong> <strong>Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu).</strong> <strong>&copy; The Authors 2022;</strong> <strong>This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland</strong> <strong>Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike.</strong> <strong>(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.</strong> <strong>The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.</strong> <strong>Received: </strong><strong>06</strong><strong>.</strong><strong>12</strong><strong>.2022. Revised: </strong><strong>21</strong><strong>.1</strong><strong>2</strong><strong>.2022. Accepted: </strong><strong>23</strong><strong>.1</strong><strong>2</strong><strong>.2022.</strong> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <strong>DIAGNOSTYKA ZAKA</strong><strong>Ż</strong><strong>E</strong><strong>Ń </strong><strong>OKO</strong><strong>Ł</strong><strong>OPROTEZOWYCH PO ENDOPROTEZOPLASTYCE STAWU KOLANOWEGO</strong> &nbsp; <strong>The diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection after the arthroplasty of knee joint</strong> &nbsp; Hanna Tsitko1&nbsp;ORCID: 0000-0002-2079-7382, htsitko@gmail.com Paulina Dudzińska1&nbsp;&nbsp;ORCID: 0000-0001-8314-3784, paulla134@gmail.com, Małgorzata Milanowska1&nbsp;ORCID 0000-0003-1713-3304, m.milanowska@yahoo.com Aleksandra Grudzińska1&nbsp;ORCID: 0000-0002-1024-176X, aleksandra-gru@o2.pl Dominika Jarosz1&nbsp;ORCID: 0000-0003-1933-0600, d-jagiello@wp.pl &nbsp; 1 Medical University of Lublin &nbsp; &nbsp; <strong>ABSTRACT</strong> Total knee replacement is one of the most widely performed surgeries. It is stated as the most efficient method of treating end-stage osteoarthritis of the knee joint. &nbsp;Due to the aging of the population and the prevalence of osteoarthritis, the number of arthroplasties is increasing every day. &nbsp;Such extensive surgical procedures are associated with a large number of postoperative complications, one of which is periprosthetic joint infection. The reported prevalence of PJI out to 2 years after knee replacement is 1.55&nbsp;%.&nbsp;Misconceptions in the management of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) can compromise the treatment success. The aim of the following article was to provide an overview of the medical knowledge on the periprosthetic joint infection after the arthroplasty of knee joint. Infections are caused by microbes that can enter the joint, which are most often coagulase-negative Staphylococci, Staphylococcus Aureus, Streptococci, Enterococci and Gram-negative bacteria. Fungal infections are much less common. The diagnostic process requires the involvement of a large group of medical personnel, which is why protocols with algorithms have been created to facilitate and standardize the diagnosis in the direction of periprosthetic joint infections. Mainly used tests from the patient&#39;s serum, synovial tests and histology. The positive results of the above tests are taken into account in the assessment of the fulfillment of the major and minor criteria to assess the likelihood of the occurrence of periprosthetic infection. This research paper aims to analyze the latest medical reports on the PJI diagnostic algorithm, laboratory and imaging studies of their effectiveness. This article was written based on analyzing data available in publications in Pubmed and Google Scholar databases. &nbsp; <strong>Key words: periprostethic joint infection, diagnostic criteria, arthroplasty, total knee arthroplasty</strong>

O artigo tem por objetivo analisar as transformações na organização do trabalho familiar durante sua integração às agroindústrias de dendê e após a ruptura contratual. A pesquisa, predominantemente qualitativa, foi realizada por meio de estudos de caso. Foram feitas observações e quinze entrevistas com roteiros semiestruturados. Concluímos que a organização do trabalho sob a influência da dendeicultura influiu diretamente no tempo e na alocação dos recursos financeiros da família. Após a ruptura contratual, constatamos um maior controle dos grupos domésticos sobre o trabalho e os recursos financeiros, muito embora coexistam vulnerabilidade e estabilidade. Referências ADAMS, Timothy, et al. Who gains from contract farming? Dependencies, power relations, and institutional change. The Journal of Peasant Studies, [s.l.], v. 46, n. 7, p. 1435-1457, 2018. ALMEIDA, Mauro William Barbosa de. Redescobrindo a família rural brasileira. 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On October 15, 2105, the International Institute of Islamic Thought commemoratedAli Mazrui’s (1933- 2014) first death anniversary by convening a seminarto honor their mutual close and lasting relationship. Mazrui served as theeditor-in-chief of the American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences (2009-14),participated in many of the institute’s events, and was awarded the IIIT DistinguishedScholar Award in 2011. In addition, he bequeathed his collectionof papers and publications to IIIT.His widow Pauline Utimazrui opened the seminar by recalling how herlate husband always spoke the truth regardless of the consequences, how hedecided to attend Columbia University because so many African students weregoing there, and how he sought to bring up controversial issues to force peopleto think outside the box. She said that he was a very happy and grateful manwho appreciated others, liked to live a simple life and be in the moment, anddid not believe in accumulating wealth.Keynote speaker Ebrahim Rasool, former ambassador of South Africa tothe United States and a long-time activist who was jailed for his anti-apartheidactivities, spoke on “Ali Mazrui: Beacon at the Intersection of Islam andAfrica.” He described Mazrui as follows:Standing for justice is the point of the triangle which is least populated, orif it is populated it may well be populated in the absence of understandingthe implications of belief in the unity of God or the understanding of the dynamismof knowledge. Professor Ali Mazrui will be remembered for epitomizingthe completeness and perfection of this golden triangle [of belief,knowledge and justice], for indeed his knowledge was founded in his unflinchingcommitment to Tauhid or unity and this, in turn, impelled him towardsutilizing his intellect both towards identifying the sources of injusticein the world and positing theoretical and practical solutions towards justice.He reminded his audience how Mazrui never shied away from controversy,as can be seen in his battle with National Public Radio (NPR) in termsof his production and defense of “The Africans: The Triple Heritage,” disagreementswith much of post-colonial Africa’s ideological or philosophicalthinking, and assertion of a distinction between theological Islam and historicalIslam. On a more personal level, in 1969 he rejected an invitation extended ...

<strong>JAROSZ, Dominika, GRUDZIŃSKA, Aleksandra, DUDZIŃSKA, Paulina, MILANOWSKA, Małgorzata &amp; TSITKO, Hanna. Monkeypox - new epidemiological threat? Review of the current literature</strong><strong>.</strong>&nbsp;<strong>Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 202</strong><strong>3</strong><strong>;1</strong><strong>3</strong><strong>(</strong><strong>3</strong><strong>):</strong><strong>1</strong><strong>28</strong><strong>-1</strong><strong>33</strong><strong>. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI</strong>&nbsp;<strong>http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2023.13.03.01</strong><strong>8</strong> <strong>https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/41</strong><strong>682</strong> <strong>https://zenodo.org/record/7569258</strong> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <strong>The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343.</strong> <strong>Has a Journal&#39;s Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences).</strong> <strong>Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punkt&oacute;w. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159.</strong> <strong>Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu).</strong> <strong>&copy; The Authors 202</strong><strong>3</strong><strong>;</strong> <strong>This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland</strong> <strong>Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike.</strong> <strong>(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.</strong> <strong>The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.</strong> <strong>Received: </strong><strong>03</strong><strong>.</strong><strong>01</strong><strong>.202</strong><strong>3</strong><strong>. Revised: </strong><strong>17</strong><strong>.</strong><strong>01</strong><strong>.202</strong><strong>3</strong><strong>. Accepted: </strong><strong>25</strong><strong>.</strong><strong>01</strong><strong>.202</strong><strong>3</strong><strong>.</strong> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <strong>MONKEYPOX</strong>&nbsp;<strong>- NEW EPIDEMIOLOGICAL THREAT? REVIEW OF THE CURRENT LITERATURE</strong> MAŁPIA OSPA&nbsp;- NOWE ZAGROŻENIE EPIDEMIOLOGICZNE? PRZEGLĄD AKTUALNEJ LITERARURY &nbsp; Dominika Jarosz¹&nbsp;ORCID: 0000-0003-1933-0600, d-jagiello@wp.pl Aleksandra Grudzińska¹&nbsp;ORCID: 0000-0002-1024-176X, aleksandra-gru@o2.pl Paulina Dudzińska¹&nbsp;&nbsp;ORCID: 0000-0001-8314-3784, paulla134@gmail.com Małgorzata Milanowska¹&nbsp;ORCID 0000-0003-1713-3304, m.milanowska@yahoo.com Hanna Tsitko¹&nbsp;ORCID: 0000-0002-2079-7382, htsitko@gmail.com &nbsp; ¹Medical University of Lublin &nbsp; <strong>ABSTRACT</strong> The mokeypox is zoonotic disease caused by an orthopoxvirus, which was first isolated and identified in 1959 among captive monkeys transported to Copenhagen, Denmark from Africa for research purposes. Monkeypox in humans was initially diagnosed in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and then it has spread to other regions of Africa. The monkeypox cases in Africa were neglected by the scientific community for past decades till 2022, when thousands of cases were reported &nbsp;from nonendemic countries around Europe and in the western hemisphere. Therefore monkeypox has recently been labelled as a public health emergency of international concern by the WHO. Monkeypox virus is believed to have several modes of transmission, all of which are associated with direct or indirect contact with infected animals or infected humans. The diagnosis of monkeypox infection is based on the history, clinical symptoms and laboratory tests such as PCR.The illness begins with nonspecific symptoms such as fever, lethargy, lymphadenopathy, myalgias and then it occures the rash first on the face and then across the body which lasts for 2&ndash;4 weeks. Most cases of monkeypox are mild and self-limited disease, which require only supportive treatments. However in very severe cases antiviral medications such as tecovirimat may be administered. &nbsp;Smallpox vaccination has been estimated to provide 85% cross-protection against monkeypox infection. The main problem is there is a huge population born only after the discontinuation of the smallpox vaccination campaign with &nbsp;lack of cross-protective immunity. The question is - the monkeypox is only old neglected foe or a new epidemiological threat? &nbsp; Key words: monkeypox, tecovirimat, monkeypox outbreak 2022, smallpox vaccine, smallpox.

<strong>TSITKO, Hanna, DUDZIŃSKA, Paulina, MILANOWSKA, Małgorzata, GRUDZIŃSKA, Aleksandra &amp; JAROSZ, Dominika. Intertrochanteric fractures and mortality in elderly patients.</strong>&nbsp;<strong>Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 202</strong><strong>3</strong><strong>;1</strong><strong>3</strong><strong>(</strong><strong>1</strong><strong>):</strong><strong>95</strong><strong>-</strong><strong>99</strong><strong>. eISSN 2391</strong><strong>-8306. DOI </strong><strong>http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2023.13.01.01</strong><strong>5</strong> <strong>https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/40</strong><strong>864</strong> <strong>https://zenodo.org/record/7358670</strong> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <strong>The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343.</strong> <strong>Has a Journal&#39;s Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences).</strong> <strong>Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punkt&oacute;w. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159.</strong> <strong>Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu).</strong> <strong>&copy; The Authors 2022;</strong> <strong>This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland</strong> <strong>Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike.</strong> <strong>(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.</strong> <strong>The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.</strong> <strong>Received: </strong><strong>14</strong><strong>.</strong><strong>10</strong><strong>.2022. Revised: </strong><strong>20</strong><strong>.1</strong><strong>1</strong><strong>.2022. Accepted: </strong><strong>23</strong><strong>.11.2022.</strong> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <strong>Z</strong><strong>Ł</strong><strong>AMANIA MI</strong><strong>Ę</strong><strong>DZYKR</strong><strong>Ę</strong><strong>TARZOWE A </strong><strong>Ś</strong><strong>MIERTELNO</strong><strong>ŚĆ </strong><strong>W POPULACJI OS</strong><strong>&Oacute;</strong><strong>B STARSZYCH</strong> <strong>I</strong><strong>ntertrochanteric </strong><strong>f</strong><strong>racture</strong><strong>s and</strong><strong>&nbsp;mortality</strong><strong>&nbsp;in elderly patients </strong> &nbsp; Hanna Tsitko1&nbsp;ORCID: 0000-0002-2079-7382, htsitko@gmail.com Paulina Dudzińska1&nbsp;&nbsp;ORCID: 0000-0001-8314-3784, paulla134@gmail.com, Małgorzata Milanowska1&nbsp;ORCID 0000-0003-1713-3304, m.milanowska@yahoo.com Aleksandra Grudzińska1&nbsp;ORCID: 0000-0002-1024-176X, aleksandra-gru@o2.pl Dominika Jarosz1&nbsp;ORCID: 0000-0003-1933-0600, d-jagiello@wp.pl 1 Medical University of Lublin <strong>ABSTRACT</strong> &nbsp; The aim of the following article was to provide an overview of the medical knowledge on the correlation of intertrochanteric fractures of the femur and mortality in the elderly population. Due to the fact that life expectancy has increased, we can observe an increasing trend of hip fractures. There are about 20,000 fractures of the proximal end of the femur treated in Poland and 300,000 patients in the United States annually. It is estimated that the upward trend of fractures can be traced to 2050 with an increase of +1% per year. There are expected to be 6 million cases per year worldwide according to International Osteoporosis Foundation. The most frequently early mortality related factors are biodemographic factors - age and gender. The majority - 75% of those treated fractures are female. Also, the risk of fracture of the proximal end of the femur in women over 50 years is almost 20%, and by the age of 80 it reaches 30%. Although among women the risk of fracture is higher, mortality is lower than man who experienced the same fracture. Other predictors of poor functional outcomes and early mortality factors for patients with hip fracture besides age and gender, are clinical factors, such as time spent waiting for surgery or comorbidities. Knowing those factors, we can try to avoid some complications. Each surgeon has to remember about a multidisciplinary care protocols, which are made to improve healthcare, shorten length of hospital stay, and decrease mortality in hip‐fracture‐operated patients. Also, it is significant to select proper surgical methods depending on the fracture complexity. This article was written based on analyzing data available in publications in Pubmed and Google Scholar databases. &nbsp; <strong>Key words: </strong>femoral intertrochanteric fracture, mortality, hip fracture, osteoporosis

<strong>MILANOWSKA, Małgorzata, DUDZIŃSKA, Paulina, GRUDZIŃSKA, Aleksandra, JAROSZ, Dominika &amp; TSITKO, Hanna. Application of botulinum toxin in the treatment of bruxism</strong><strong>. </strong><strong>Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2022;12(1</strong><strong>2</strong><strong>):</strong><strong>291</strong><strong>-</strong><strong>295</strong><strong>. eISSN 2391</strong><strong>-8306. DOI </strong><strong>http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2022.12.12.04</strong><strong>4</strong> <strong>https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/</strong><strong>40992</strong> <strong>https://zenodo.org/record/7455583</strong> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <strong>The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343.</strong> <strong>Has a Journal&#39;s Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences).</strong> <strong>Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punkt&oacute;w. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159.</strong> <strong>Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu).</strong> <strong>&copy; The Authors 2022;</strong> <strong>This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland</strong> <strong>Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike.</strong> <strong>(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.</strong> <strong>The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.</strong> <strong>Received: </strong><strong>22</strong><strong>.</strong><strong>11</strong><strong>.2022. Revised: </strong><strong>15</strong><strong>.1</strong><strong>2</strong><strong>.2022. Accepted: </strong><strong>19</strong><strong>.1</strong><strong>2</strong><strong>.2022.</strong> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <strong>Zastosowanie toksyny botulinowej w leczeniu bruksizmu</strong> <strong>Application of botulinum toxin in the treatment of bruxism</strong> &nbsp; Małgorzata Milanowska ORCID 0000-0003-1713-3304, m.milanowska@yahoo.com, Medical University of Lublin, Poland Paulina Dudzińska ORCID: 0000-0001-8314-3784, paulla134@gmail.com, Medical University of Lublin, Poland Aleksandra Grudzińska ORCID: 0000-0002-1024-176X, aleksandra-gru@o2.pl, Medical University of Lublin, Poland Dominika Jarosz ORCID: 0000-0003-1933-0600, d-jagiello@wp.pl, Medical University of Lublin, Poland Hanna Tsitko ORCID: 0000-0002-2079-7382, htsitko@gmail.com, Medical University of Lublin, Poland &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <strong>ABSTRACT</strong> Bruxism is a commonly reported functional para-function of the oral cavity. Its symptoms are quite characteristic and include, above all, excessive clenching and grinding of the teeth. (2) Other complaints most frequently reported by patients are headaches, pain in the temporomandibular joint, excessive tooth abrasion, damage to dentures, waking up at night, visual effect - the so-called &quot;square jaw&quot;. The etiology is multifactorial therefore it is difficult to treat its symptoms. &nbsp;Botulinum toxin is a neurotoxin produced by the anaerobic bacteria Clostridium botulinum. Its mechanism is based on the reversible inhibition of acetylcholine release in neuromuscular junctions. Intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin is one of the treatments of bruxism. So far, this method is used off-label. Looking at the promising results of randomized studies on the use of botulinum toxin in bruxism, this may change in the near future. As shown by previous studies, it is not an ideal method, but nevertheless it is one of the most effective and the best for the patient. The downside to the use of botulinum toxin in the treatment of bruxism symptoms are, inter alia,&nbsp;contraindications to the use of this drug and the duration of its action - 3-6 months. This systematic review of selected articles and studies aims to examine the available literature in order to determine the effectiveness of the use of botulinum toxin in the treatment of bruxism and to assess whether it is currently the most effective method. Pubmed and Google Scholar were searched for literature. &nbsp; <strong>Keywords: bruxism, botulinum toxin, sleep bruxism, botox, off-label use, square jaw</strong> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <strong>ABSTRAKT</strong> Bruksizm jest często zgłaszaną czynnościową parafunkcją jamy ustnej. Objawy jej są dość charakterystyczne i zaliczamy do nich przede wszystkim nadmierne zaciskanie i zgrzytanie zębami. (2) Inne najczęściej zgłaszane przez pacjent&oacute;w dolegliwości to b&oacute;le głowy, b&oacute;l stawu skroniowo-żuchwowego, nadmierne ścieranie zęb&oacute;w, uszkadzanie protez zębowych, wybudzanie się w nocy, efekt wizualny &ndash;tzw. &bdquo;kwadratowa szczęka&rdquo;. Etiologia jest wieloczynnikowa dlatego też ciężko jest leczyć jego objawy. Toksyna botulinowa jest neurotoksyną wytwarzaną przez beztlenowe bakterie Clostridium botulinum. Jej mechanizm działa polega na odwracalnym hamowaniu uwalniania acetylocholiny w połączeniach nerwowo- mięśniowych. Toksyna botulinowa podawana domięśniowo jest jedną z metod leczenia bruksizmu. Jak dotąd metoda ta jest stosowana off-label. Patrząc na obiecujące wyniki randomizowanych badań dotyczących stosowania toksyny botulinowej w bruksizmie może się to w najbliższej przyszłości zmienić. Jak wykazują dotychczasowe badania nie jest idealną metodą ale mimo to jest jedną z najskuteczniejszych i najlepszych dla pacjenta. Minusem stosowanie toksyny botulinowej w leczeniu objaw&oacute;w bruksizmu są m.in. przeciwskazania do stosowania tego leku i czas jej działania &ndash; 3-6 miesięcy. Niniejszy przegląda systematyczny wybranych artykuł&oacute;w oraz badań ma na celu zbadanie dostępnej literatury w celu określenia skuteczności zastosowania toksyny botulinowej w leczeniu bruksizmu oraz ocena czy jest to obecnie najskuteczniejsza metoda. Przeszukano literaturę w bazie Pubmed i Google Scholar.

BackgroundGiant Cell Arteritis (GCA) is a systemic vasculitis involving large and medium-sized blood vessels. Treatment is with high dose glucocorticoids. Steroid-sparing agents and Tocilizumab (TCZ) are used for refractory or relapsing cases. NHS England requires all GCA patients to be discussed in a regional multidisciplinary team meeting (MDT) prior to commencing TCZ. TCZ has only been permitted for a maximum of one year; this time limitation was extended during the Covid-19 pandemic (1). The monthly virtual Bristol and Bath regional MDT started in November 2018.ObjectivesWe aimed to review: 1) Baseline data on all patients referred to the Bristol and Bath TCZ for GCA MDT, including demographics, clinical presentation and previous steroid-sparing agents used and 2) 12 month follow up data including number of completions, adverse effects, and flares on treatment.MethodsThe TCZ MDT referral proforma, adapted from the NHS England Blueteq approval form, was reviewed for all patients referred. 12 month follow up data was obtained from clinic letters.ResultsBaseline dataThirty-eight cases were referred between November 2018 and September 2021. Of these, 31 were approved for TCZ usage; 100% fulfilled the criteria for either refractory (n=11) or relapsing (n=20) disease. Mean age was 74 years and 74.2% were female. Average disease duration was 161.5 days for the refractory and 827.3 days for the relapsing group.77.4% had cranial GCA, 48.4% had large vessel involvement, 45.2% had visual symptoms and 25.8% had ischaemic visual loss. The positive investigations were PET-CT (48.4%), temporal artery ultrasound (41.9%) and temporal artery biopsy (32.3%).64.5% had trialled a steroid-sparing agent at time of referral (61.3 % methotrexate, 9.7% azathioprine, 6.5% leflunomide), 35.5% had received intravenous methylprednisolone and 58% were receiving greater than 40mg prednisolone at the time of referral.Glucocorticoid adverse effects of osteoporosis, weight gain, cataracts and hypertension were each seen in 19.4%; whilst diabetes, neuropsychiatric symptoms and sleep disturbance were each reported in 16.1%.Those with ocular involvement tended to be referred earlier than those without (478.2 days vs 648.1 days), were referred on higher doses of glucocorticoids (71.4% vs 47.1% on ≥ 40mg) and had less steroid-sparing agents prior to referral.Follow up dataIn December 2021, a follow-up audit revealed 14/31 patients had completed at least 12 months of tocilizumab; 5 of these had had an extension under Covid-19 exceptional guidance (mean duration of 5.2 months). Of the remaining 17: 3 patients had stopped early (1 death, 1 moved away, 1 due to adverse effects of headache and gastro-intestinal side effects), 4 had not started tocilizumab and 10 had not completed 12 months of treatment at that point.Adverse events in the 14 patients at 12 months included: liver abnormalities (2/14; 14.3%), neutropenia (2/14; 14.3%), thrombocytopaenia (1/14; 7.1%), soft tissue infections (3/14; 21.4%), urinary tract infection (1/14; 7.1%) and lipid derangement (4/14 28.6%). One case of GCA relapse occurred on TCZ (mild headache and raised inflammatory markers settled on small increase in prednisolone). After 12 months, mean prednisolone dose was 3mg (range 0-15mg).ConclusionAll patients approved for Tocilizumab in the GCA MDT fulfilled NHS England criteria for either relapsing or refractory disease. The majority of cases had cranial disease, but almost half had either ocular or large vessel involvement, reflecting a severe spectrum of disease. Cases showed a high burden of glucocorticoid toxicity. Follow up data suggests that TCZ was effective in allowing glucocorticoid weaning and disease control, but with some adverse effects. Future work to follow up patients after stopping Tocilizumab would be informative, as the twelve month limitation on treatment is likely to be re-instated.References[1]https://www.england.nhs.uk/coronavirus/publication/tocilizumab-for-giant-cell-arteritis-gca-during-the-covid-19-pandemic-rps-2007/Disclosure of InterestsChandrin N. R. Jayatilleke: None declared, Aishwarya Anilkumar: None declared, Shalini Janagan: None declared, Robert W Marshall: None declared, Sarah Skeoch: None declared, Catherine Guly Grant/research support from: Eli Lilly and Company - paid consultant for a research trial, Fang En Sin: None declared, Keziah Austin: None declared, Laith Al-Sweedan: None declared, Alexandra Bourn: None declared, Lynsey Clarke: None declared, Harsha Gunawardena: None declared, Baashar Boyce: None declared, Sally Knights: None declared, John D Pauling: None declared, Elizabeth Reilly: None declared, Timothy D Reynolds: None declared, Sarah Villar: None declared, Joanna C Robson: None declared

Abstract Background: Treatment of HER2 overexpressing mBC with the HER2 directed antibody combination of P and T became standard of care since marketing authorization of P based on the results of the randomized controlled CLEOPATRA trial (NCT 00567190). NIS HELENA was designed to document effectiveness and safety in clinical routine of first-line palliative therapy with P plus T and docetaxel (D) in patients with advanced HER2-positive BC after adjuvant therapy with T, and to determine whether the median PFS of 16.9 months (mos) reported for this subgroup in the CLEOPATRA trial can also be observed in day-to-day routine. Methods: Between 06/2013 through 07/2016, 126 patients with in-label use of P at study start (full-analysis set, FAS) in 81 German hospital-based or outpatient study sites were included into this NIS. Intense documentation period of this NIS was limited to 28 therapy cycles, and a follow-up (FU) for a maximum of 24 mos. Safety was assessed in all patients with at least one dose of P (safety set, SAF, n=132 ). QoL was assessed by FACT-B questionnaire. Main parameter of interest was mPFS. Patient Characteristics: Mean age of FAS patients was 55.1 [30.7 - 80.2] years, 81.7% (95.2%) were below 65 (75) years of age. 51.6% of the FAS patients were hormone-receptor positive (HR+), 91.3% patients of the FAS had distant, 69.8% had visceral, 45.2% liver metastases (VM). 89.7% patients of the FAS had R0-resection, including 44% breast conserving surgery, 42.9% of the FAS received neoadjuvant and 61.9% adjuvant chemo-/immunotherapy and 62.7% prior endocrine treatment. For the FAS median disease-free interval was 40.2 [6.6 - 95.9] mos. Effectiveness results: mPFS of FAS was 18.8 [15.1; 24.2] mos, longest mPFS was documented in patients with non-VM (20.5 [17.7, 27.7] mos), patients &amp;lt; 65 years (19.7 [15.4, 25.7] mos), and HR negative patients (19.4 [13.8, 27.7] mos). Overall response rate in the FAS was documented with 64.3% (55.6; 72.1], with best ORR in HR+ patients (69.2% [57.2, 79.1]), patients with VM (68.2%, [57.9, 77.0] and patients &amp;lt; 65 years (65% [55.5, 73.6]). 46 patients (36.5%) died during the study. Median OS was 55.9 mos [41.2, not reached] for the FAS. Safety: 93.9% of the SAF had an adverse event (AE), 32.6% a serious AE (SAE). AEs related to P occurred in 53.8% of SAF, SAEs related to P were documented in 13.6%. Diarrhea was the most frequently reported related (S)AE. Fatal AEs were seen in 6.1% of the SAF, in 2 patients related to P (death, central nervous system metastases and cerebral disorder). AEs leading to treatment discontinuation of any study product were observed in 20.5% of the SAF. During the intense documentation period, 11 patients had a LVEF &amp;lt;55%. QoL assessment using the total score index, increased slightly over time, however, based on declining patient response rates. Conclusion: Based on results from NIS HELENA, outcomes of pivotal CLEOPATRA study with respect to patients relapsing after adjuvant T pretreatment can be transferred into clinical routine. Patients derived benefit to a variable extent according to predefined subgroups. No new safety signals were detected. Citation Format: Marc Thill, Lead Auth., Andrea Grafe, Peter Klare, Kerstin Luedtke-Heckenkamp, Dietmar Reichert, Pauline Wimberger, Matthias Zaiss, Katja Ziegler-Loehr, Tanja Eckl, Andreas Schneeweiss. Dual HER2-blockade with pertuzumab (P) and trastuzumab (T) in patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (mBC) relapsing after adjuvant treatment with T. Results from a German non-interventional study (NIS) HELENA (NCT01777958) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-13-16.

<strong>MILANOWSKA, Małgorzata, GRUDZIŃSKA, Aleksandra, JAROSZ, Dominika, TSITKO, Hanna &amp; DUDZIŃSKA, Paulina. Skin cancer&rsquo;s prevention in the light of current medical knowledge</strong><strong>.</strong>&nbsp;<strong>Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2023;</strong><strong>23</strong><strong>(1):</strong><strong>35-39</strong><strong>. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI </strong><strong>http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2023.23.01.00</strong><strong>4</strong> <strong>https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/433</strong><strong>00</strong> <strong>https://zenodo.org/record/7860133</strong> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <strong>The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343.</strong> <strong>Has a Journal&#39;s Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences).</strong> <strong>Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punkt&oacute;w. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159.</strong> <strong>Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu).</strong> <strong>&copy; The Authors 2023;</strong> <strong>This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland</strong> <strong>Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike.</strong> <strong>(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.</strong> <strong>The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.</strong> <strong>Received: </strong><strong>27</strong><strong>.0</strong><strong>3</strong><strong>.2023. Revised: </strong><strong>10</strong><strong>.0</strong><strong>4</strong><strong>.2023. Accepted: </strong><strong>24</strong><strong>.0</strong><strong>4</strong><strong>.2023. Published: </strong><strong>24</strong><strong>.0</strong><strong>4</strong><strong>.2023.</strong> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <strong>Prewencja raka sk&oacute;ry w świetle aktualnej wiedzy medycznej</strong> &nbsp; <strong>Skin cancer&rsquo;s prevention in the light of current medical knowledge</strong> &nbsp; Małgorzata Milanowska ORCID 0000-0003-1713-3304, m.milanowska@yahoo.com, Medical University of Lublin, Poland Aleksandra Grudzińska ORCID: 0000-0002-1024-176X, aleksandra-gru@o2.pl, Medical University of Lublin, Poland Dominika Jarosz ORCID: 0000-0003-1933-0600, d-jagiello@wp.pl, Medical University of Lublin, Poland Hanna Tsitko ORCID: 0000-0002-2079-7382, htsitko@gmail.com, Medical University of Lublin, Poland Paulina Dudzińska ORCID: 0000-0001-8314-3784, paulla134@gmail.com, Medical University of Lublin, Poland &nbsp; &nbsp; <strong>ABSTRACT</strong> Among all diagnosed malignancies, skin cancers account for more than 30-50%. Caucasian patients have a lifetime risk of more than 20%. The incidence increases with the age of patients. In 2017, there were over 14,000 new cases in Poland. It can be expected that these results are underestimated due to incomplete registration of new cases in the National Cancer Registry.(1,2) The most common skin cancer is basal cell carcinoma - over 80% of cases. In second place is squamous cell carcinoma - 15-20%. Other types are less common.(1) The appearance of a new mole or a change in the appearance of an existing one is often missed at the beginning, and even if it is noticed, it is underestimated by the patient. Therefore, detection rate of skin cancer, including melanoma at an early stage, is unfortunately relatively low. The incidence of skin cancer is constantly increasing, which is an important epidemiological problem of modern medicine.(2) Patient education should focus on behaviors that the patient can influence and modify, including: regular visits to a dermatologist and undergoing a dermatoscopic examination, the use of sunscreen with a high UV factor, the use of special protective clothing, sunglasses, covering head when under sun&rsquo;s exposure, moderate overall sun exposure, avoiding sunburn, not using a tanning bed. The purpose of this review was to assess the current literature on the impact of educating the public and promoting sun protection as a necessary method to directly reduce the incidence of skin cancer. The literature was searched in Pubmed and Google Scholar databases. &nbsp; <strong>Keywords:</strong>&nbsp;<strong>Melanoma, SPF, sun protection, sun protection factor, sunscreen, photodamage, prevention, skin cancer</strong> &nbsp; <strong>ABSTRAKT</strong> Wśr&oacute;d wszystkich rozpoznawanych nowotwor&oacute;w złośliwych raki sk&oacute;ry stanowią ponad 30-50%. U pacjent&oacute;w rasy kaukaskiej ryzyko zachorowania w przeciągu całego życia wynosi ponad 20%. Zachorowalność rośnie wraz z wiekiem pacjent&oacute;w. W 2017 roku w Polsce nowych zachorowań było ponad 14000. Można się spodziewać, że te wyniki są niedoszacowane z powodu niepełnej rejestracji nowych przypadk&oacute;w do Krajowego Rejestru Nowotwor&oacute;w.(1,2) Najczęściej występującym rakiem sk&oacute;ry jest rak podstawnokom&oacute;rkowy &ndash; ponad 80% przypadk&oacute;w. Na drugim miejscu znajduje się rak płaskonabłonkowy &ndash; 15-20%. Pozostałe typy występują rzadziej.(1) Pojawienie się nowego znamienia lub zmiana cech wyglądu już istniejącego znamienia, jeśli nawet jest zauważona to w początkowym etapie jest niejednokrotnie bagatelizowana przez pacjenta. Dlatego wykrywalność raka sk&oacute;ry, w tym czerniaka, na wczesnym etapie jest niestety niska. Częstość zachorowań na raki sk&oacute;ry stale natomiast wzrasta, co stanowi istotny problem epidemiologiczny wsp&oacute;łczesnej medycyny.(2) Edukacja pacjenta powinna skupić się na zachowaniach, na kt&oacute;re pacjent ma wpływ i może modyfikować. Obejmują one m.in.: regularne wizyty u dermatologa wraz z poddawaniem się badaniu dermatoskopowemu, używanie krem&oacute;w przeciwsłonecznych z wysokim faktorem UV, korzystanie ze specjalnej odzieży ochronnej, okular&oacute;w przeciwsłonecznych oraz nakryć głowy podczas przebywania na słońcu, umiarkowana ekspozycja na słońce, unikanie poparzeń słonecznych, odpowiedzialne korzystanie z solarium. &nbsp; Celem tego przeglądu było wyciągnięcie wniosk&oacute;w z aktualnej literatury dotyczącej wpływu edukacji społeczeństwa i propagowania ochrony przeciwsłonecznej jako niezbędnej metody bezpośrednio wpływającej na zmniejszenie częstotliwości zachorowania na raka sk&oacute;ry. Przeszukano literaturę w bazie Pubmed i Google Scholar. &nbsp; <strong>Słowa kluczowe: czerniak, SPF, ochrona przeciwsłoneczna, wsp&oacute;łczynnik ochrony przeciwsłonecznej, filtr przeciwsłoneczny, fotouszkodzenia, profilaktyka, rak sk&oacute;ry</strong>

RESUMENEste artículo está dedicado a los tratados musicales escritos en latín entre los siglos vi y vii. A través de estas páginas se dará una visión concisa, ecléctica y panóptica de autores latinos que vivieron entre estos siglos y que dedicaron su obra o parte de ella a nociones relacionadas con la ciencia harmónica de los antiguos griegos. En este estudio se evidenciará la selección de ciertos aspectos de la teoría musical griega en su paso hasta la Edad Media, como la pérdida paulatina de la cuestión notacional vocal e instrumental, así como la progresiva importancia que fue adquiriendo la rítmica y la métrica en los tratados musicales de esta época. Palabras clave: Boecio, Casiodoro, Isidoro de Sevilla, música griega antiguaTopónimo: EuropaPeríodo: Edad Media ABSTRACTThis article is dedicated to the musical treatises written in Latin between the 6thand 7thcenturies. Throughout these pages there will be given a concise, eclectic and panoptic view of the Latin authors who lived between these centuries and who dedicated their work or part of their work to notions related to the harmonic science of the ancient Greeks. This study aims to show the selection of certain aspects of Greek music theory in its evolution to the Middle Ages, such as the gradual loss of the vocal and instrumental musical notation, as well as the progressive importance that Rhythmics and Metrics were acquiring in the musical treatises of this era. Keywords: Boethius, Cassiodorus, Isidore of Seville, ancient greek musicPlace names: EuropePeriod: Middle Ages REFERENCIASBarbera, A. (1980): The Persistence of Pythagorean Mathematics in Ancient Musical Thought, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Ph. D. Dissertation.Barker, A. (1989): Greek Musical Writings. Vol. II: Harmonic and Acoustic Theory, Cambridge University Press.Barney, S. A., Lewis, W. J., Beach, J. A. y Berghof, O. (2006): The Etymologies of Isidore of Seville, Cambridge University Press.Bower, C. M. (1978): “Boethius and Nicomachus: An Essay Concerning the Sources of the De Institutione Musica”, Vivarium 16, pp. 1-45.—(1989): Fundamentals of Music. Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius translated, with Introduction and Notes, Yale University Press.— (2008): “The transmission of ancient music theory in to the Middle Ages”, en Th. Christensen (ed.), The Cambridge History of Western Music Theory, Cambridge University Press, pp. 136-167.Caldwell, J. (1981): “The De institutione arithmetica and the De institutione musica”, en M. Gibson (ed.), Boethius. His Life, Thought and Influence, Oxford, Blackwell, pp. 135-154.Chadwick, H. (1981): Boethius. The Consolations of Music, Logic, Theology, and Philosophy, Oxford University Press.Condorelli, A. (2005): “Nota su Cassiodoro (Inst. 2, 5, 2/3)”, Wiener Studien 118, pp. 183-192, tiny.cc/60posz (Consulta: 30-03-2021).Courcelle, P. (1948): Les lettres grecques en Occident. De Macrobe à Cassidore, Paris, E. de Boccard.— (1969): Late Latin Writers and Their Greek Sources, Harvard University Press.— (1973): “Ambroise de Milan et Calcidius”, en W. den Boer, P. G. van der Nat y Ch. M. J. Sicking, Romanitas et Christianitas: Studia Iano Henrino Waszink A. D. VI Kal. Nou. A. MCMLXXIII XIII lustra complenti oblata, Amsterdam, North-Holland, pp. 45-53.Cristante, L. (1987): Martiani Capellae De Nuptiis Philologiae et Mercurii Liber IX, Padova, Ed. Antenore.Dick, A. (1978): Martianus Capella, ed. stereotypa correctior editionis anni 1925, addenda et corr. iterum adiecit Jean Préaux, Stutgardiae, Teubner.Friedlein, G. (1867): Anicii Manlii Torquati Severim Boetii De institutione arithmetica libri duo, De institutione musi ca libri quinque; accedit Geometria quae fertur Boetii, Leipzig.Fubini, E. (1976): L’estetica musicale dall’antichità al Settecento, Torino, Giulio Einaudi.Garrido Domené, F. 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Vade mecum[1] Послушай-ка. Если ты гидролог или собираешься стать им, то дай рассказать тебе правду об этой науке. О гидрологии. Конечно эта правда будет такой, какой она представляется мне. Но поверь, вряд ли в отношении раскрытия научных секретов у меня есть серьезные конкуренты. Но сначала хочу задать тебе несколько вопросов. Какова судьба воды, упавшей с Неба на Землю? И если ты ответишь на этот вопрос, то ты – мастер удивительного. Но ты знаешь, что воде присуще течение. Поэтому ответь – какими путями течет вода. И если ты готов ответить и на этот вопрос, то ты, уж наверняка, – мастер удивительного. И вот еще. Что было бы, не будь на Земле воды? Что происходит на Земле при участии воды? Что происходит с водой за время ее пребывания на Земле? И если ты опять знаешь ответы, то воистину ты – мастер удивительного. А если случилось так, что ты затруднился с ответами, или ответил неуверенно, или в чем-то погрешил против истины и почувствовал это, то пойди со мной. И поверь, я тоже немного мастер удивительного. Я напомню тебе о красоте этого Мира и его уязвимости. Об исключительной роли воды на Земле и проблемах, связанных с этой исключительностью. О том как важно и замечательно чувствовать и понимать все о воде. Я поведаю тебе о людях, которые давали ответы на заданные тебе вопросы. И о людях, которые думали, что знают ответы. И о людях, которые отвечали, не зная ответов. И еще я надеюсь, ты поймешь главное – только преданность делу и одержимость им смогут привести тебя к настоящему знанию. И только тогда ты сможешь стать подлинным мастером удивительного. "Но довольно. Позволь мне приступить к делу. Позволь мне начать и позволь мне закончить"[2] [1] Иди со мной (лат.) [2] Марио Пьюзо. Пусть умирают дураки. Литература Аполлов Б.А. Учение о реках: учебник геогр. фак. ун-тов, 2-е изд. М.: изд-во Моск. университета, 1963. 423 с. Великанов М.А. Гидрология суши. Л.: Гидрометеорологическое издательство, 1948. 530 с. Виноградов Ю.Б., Виноградова Т.А. Математическое моделирование в гидрологии. М.: Изд. Центр «Академия», 2010. 297 с. Войно-Ясенецкий В.Ф. (Святитель Лука Крымский) Наука и религия. Феникс, Православная библиотека «Троицкое слово», 2001. 320 с. Гледко Ю.А. Гидрогеология: учеб. пособие. Мн.: Выш шк., 2012. 446 с. Гляциологический словарь / Под ред. В.М. Котлякова. Л.: Гидрометеоиздат, 1984. 564 с. Даль В.И. Толковый словарь живого Великорусского языка: в 4 т. Том 1. А-З. Издание книгопродавца-типографа М.О. Вольфа, 1880. 812 с. Картвелишвили Н.А. Стохастическая гидрология. Л.: Гидрометеоиздат, 1981. 168 с. Кнорринг В.И. Теория, практика и искусство управления: учебник для вузов по специальности "Менеджмент". М.: Издательство НОРМА, 2001. 528 с. Кренке А.Н. Массообмен в ледниковых системах на территории СССР. Л.: Гидрометеоиздат, 1982. 288 с. Лем С. О «неопознанных летающих объектах» / Пер. К.В. Душенко // Рациональное и иррациональное в современном сознании / Ред. Р.А. Гальцева. М., ИНИОН, 1987. Вып. 4. Линслей Р.К. Колер М.А., Паулюс Д.Л.Х. Прикладная гидрология / Пер. с англ. В.М. Бицилли [и др.]; Под ред. [и с предисл.] проф. А.Н. Бефани. Л.: Гидрометеоиздат, 1962. 759 с. Мягков С.М. Проблема роста ущерба от стихийных бедствий // Глобальные изменения природной среды (климат и водный режим). М.: Научный мир, 2000. С. 277-291 Патерсон У.С.Б. Физика ледников / Пер. с англ. М.Г. Гросвальда, В.Л. Мазо, О.П. Чижова; под ред. В.М. Котлякова. М.: Мир, 1984. 472 с. Полинг Л., Полинг П. Химия. М.: Мир, 1978. 686 с. Сноу Ч.П. Портреты и размышления: эссе, интервью, выступления / Пер. с англ. Сост. С. Бэлза. М.: Изд. Прогресс, 1985. 368 с. Хатчинсон Д. Лимнология: географические, физические и химические характеристики озер / сокращенный перевод с английского Г.В. Цыцарпина и. Г.Г. Шинкар; редакция и предисловие Л.Л. Россолимо. М.: Прогресс, 1969. 591 с. Шумский П.А. Задачи и методы изучения колебаний ледников // Научные труды института механики МГУ. 1975. № 42. С. 5-11. Щукин И.С. Четырехъязычный энциклопедический словарь терминов по физической географии / Под ред. А.И. Спиридонова. М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1980. 703 с. Эдельштейн Я.С. Основы геоморфологии: краткий курс. М.: Государственное учебно-педагогическое издание, 1938. 329 с. Chow V.T. Handbook Of Applied Hydrology: a compendium of water-resources technology. New York: McGraw- Hill, 1964. 1495 p. Dingman S.L. Physical Hydrology. Macmillan Publishing Company, 1994. 575 p. Distributed Hydrological Modeling / Abbott M.B., Refsgaard J.C. (Eds). Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1996. 321 p. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-0257-2 Hesse H.K. Schreiben und Schriften / Neue Zürcher Zeitung 15.08.1961 Klemeš V. Dilettantism in hydrology: Transition or destiny? // Water Resources Research. 1986. Vol. 22. Iss. 9S. P. 177S-188S. DOI: 10.1029/WR022i09Sp0177S McCarroll D. Really Critical Geomorphology // Earth Surface Processes and Landforms. 1997. Vol. 22. Iss. 1. P. 1-2. DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9837(199701)22:1&lt;1::AID-ESP780&gt;3.0.CO;2-F Wiest R. De J.M. Geohydrology. New York, London, Sydney: John Wiley and Sons, 1965. 366 p. Vade mecum Listen. If you are a hydrologist or going to be-come once of them, then let me tell you the truth about this science. About hydrology. Of course, this truth will be what it seems to me. But believe me, its unlikely that I have grave rivals regarding the disclosure of scientific se-crets. But first, I want to ask you some ques-tions. What is the destiny of the water that fell from Heaven to Earth And if you answer this ques-tion, then you are a master of the amazing. But you know that flowing is inherent in wa-ter. Therefore answer - in what ways water flows. And if you are ready to answer this question, then you are certainly a master of the amazing. And one more thing. What would happen if there were no water on Earth What happens on Earth with the participation of water What happens to water during its stay on Earth And if you again know the answers, then truly you are a master of the amazing. And if it so happened that you found it diffi-cult to answer, or answered hesitantly, or in some way committed a sin against the truth and felt this, then come with me. And believe me, Im also a little master of the amazing. I will remind you about the beauty of this World and its vulnerability. About the exclu-sive role of water on Earth and the problems associated with this. About how important and wonderful it is to feel and understand every-thing about water. I will tell you about the people who gave an-swers to the questions asked to you. And about people who thought they knew the an-swers. And about people who answered with-out knowing the answers. And I also hope that you will understand the main thing only devotion and obsession can lead you to real knowledge. And only then can you become a true master of the amazing. But enough. Let me get down to matter. Let me start and let me finish. References Abbott M.B., Refsgaard J.C. (Eds). Distributed Hydrological Modeling Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1996. 321 p. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-0257-2 Apollov B.A. Uchenie o rekakh: uchebnik geograficheskikh fakultetov universitetov Studies about the river. Moscow, Publ. of Moscow University, 1963. 423 p. (In Russian). Chow V.T. Handbook Of Applied Hydrology: a compendium of water-resources technology. New York, McGraw- Hill, 1964. 1495 p. Dal V.I. Tolkovyi slovar zhivogo Velikorusskogo yazyka: v 4 t. Tom 1. A-3 Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language: in 4 vol. Volume 1. Letter A-3. Publ. of the bookstore-typographer M.O. Wolf, 1880.812 p. (In Russian). Dingman S.L. Physical Hydrology. Macmillan Publishing Company, 1994. 575 p. Edelshtein Ya.S. Osnovy geomorfologii: kratkii kurs Fundamentals of geomorphology: a short course. Moscow, State Pedagogical Edition, 1938. 329 p. (In Russian). Gledko Yu.A. Gidrogeologiya: uchebnoe posobie Hydrogeology: a training manual. Minsk, Publ. Vysshaya shkola, 2012. 446 p. (In Russian). Glyatsiologicheskii slovar Glaciological Dictionary by Kotlyakov V.M. (ed.). Leningrad, Publ. Gidrometeoizdat, 1984. 564 p. (In Russian). Hesse H.K. Schreiben und Schriften / Neue Zrcher Zeitung 15.08.1961 Hutchinson, G.E.A. Treatise on limnology. London, 1957 (Russ. ed.: Khatchinson D. Limnologiya: geograficheskie, fizicheskie i khimicheskie kharakteristiki ozer. Moscow, Publ. Progress, 1969. 591 p.) Kartvelishvili N.A. Stokhasticheskaya gidrologiya Stochastic hydrology. Leningrad, Publ. Gidrometeoizdat, 1981. 168 p. (In Russian). Knorring V.I. Teoriya, praktika i iskusstvo upravleniya: uchebnik dlya vuzov po spetsialnosti Menedzhment Theory, practice and the art of management: a textbook for universities in the specialty Management. Moscow, Publ. NORMA, 2001. 528 p. (In Russian). Kleme V. Dilettantism in hydrology: Transition or destiny Water Resources Research, 1986, vol. 22, iss. 9S, pp. 177S-188S. DOI: 10.1029/WR022i09Sp0177S Krenke A.N. Massoobmen v lednikovykh sistemakh na territorii SSSR Mass-exchange in Glacier Systems over the Territory of the USSR. Leningrad, Publ. Gidrometeoizdat, 1982. 288 p. (In Russian abstract in English). McCarroll D. Really Critical Geomorphology. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 1997, vol. 22, iss. 1, pp. 1-2. DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9837(199701)22:11::AID-ESP7803.0.CO2-F Lem S. О niczidentyfikowanych objektach latajacych. Przeglad techniczny-innowacje. Waszawa, 1977, no. 50/51. (Russ. ed.: Lem S. O neopoznannykh letayushchikh obektakh . Ratsionalnoe i irratsionalnoe v sovremennom soznanii. Moscow, Publ. INION, 1987. Vyp. 4). Linsley R., Kohler M., Paulhus J. Applied Hydrology. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1949. (Russ. ed.: Linslei R.K. Koler M.A., Paulyus D.L.Kh. Prikladnaya gidrologiya. Leningrad, Publ. Gidrometeoizdat, 1962. 759 p.) Myagkov S.M. Problema rosta ushcherba ot stikhiinykh bedstvii The problem of growing damage from natural disasters. Globalnye izmeneniya prirodnoi sredy (klimat i vodnyi rezhim) Global changes in the environment (climate and water regime). Moscow, Publ. Nauchnyi mir, 2000, pp. 277-291. (In Russian). Paterson W.S.B. The physics of glaciers. Pergamon Press, 1981. (Russ. ed.: Paterson U.S.B. Fizika lednikov. Moscow, Publ. Mir, 1984. 472 p.) Pauling L., Pauling P. Chemistry San Francisco, W.H. Freeman and company, 1975. 767 p. (Russ. ed.: Poling L., Poling P. Khimiya. Moscow, Publ. Mir, 1978. 686 p.) Shumskii P.A. Zadachi i metody izucheniya kolebanii lednikov Tasks and methods for studying the fluctuations of glaciers. Nauchnye trudy instituta mekhaniki MGU Scientific proceedings of the Institute of Mechanics of Moscow State University, 1975, no. 42, pp. 5-11. (In Russian). Shchukin I.S. Chetyrekhyazychnyi entsiklopedicheskii slovar terminov po fizicheskoi geografii The four-language encyclopedic dictionary of terms in physical geography. Moscow, Publ. of Soviet Encyclopedia, 1980. 703 p. (In Russian). Snou Ch.P. Portrety i razmyshleniya: esse, intervyu, vystupleniya Portraits and reflections: essays, interviews, speeches. Moscow, Publ. Progress, 1985. 368 p. (In Russian). Velikanov M.A. Gidrologiya sushi Hydrology. Leningrad, Hydrometeorological publishing house, 1948. 530 p. (In Russian). Vinogradov Yu.B., Vinogradova T.A. Matematicheskoe modelirovanie v gidrologii Mathematical modeling in hydrology. Moscow, Academy Publ., 2010. 297 p. (In Russian). Voino-Yasenetskii V.F. (Svyatitel Luka Krymskii) Nauka i religiya Science and religion. Feniks, Pravoslavnaya biblioteka Troitskoe slovo , 2001. 320 p. (In Russian). Wiest R. De J.M. Geohydrology. New York, London, Sydney: John Wiley and Sons, 1965. 366 p.

Es extenso el desarrollo que ha tenido, al interior de las ciencias sociales, la dimensión del territorio y el espacio en clave sociopolítica. Desde el siglo XIX autores como Friedrich Ratzel, iniciaron trabajos en torno a la geografía política, mientras que, desde la sociología, Alexis de Tocqueville, en La Democracia en América, caracterizaba las relaciones dinámicas entre territorio, asociatividad, subjetivación y prácticas políticas. Sin embargo, es en la segunda mitad del siglo XX que se inicia una paulatina expansión en la comprensión del espacio, como planteara Henry Lefebvre, de un modo inseparable de la ideología y la política.&#x0D; De ahí en más, como sostiene Paulsen (2015), los mismos procesos de globalización y crisis del Estado -y por tanto de los análisis estadocentricos-, expandieron dimensiones de estudio sobre el espacio, vinculándolos al sistema mundo, capital y tiempo, cotidianidad, entre otras diversas líneas de producción científica.&#x0D; Desde lo politológico, la oleada de reformas del Estado y la expansión de los paradigmas de gobernanza -entendidos como articulación y redes entre actores en la creación de políticas públicas, descentralización y participación ciudadana-, también situaron la importancia del territorio -y en mucho menor medida del espacio- en su interacción con el Estado. 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En esta línea, por ejemplo, Daniel Cefaí integra como categoría central de su propuesta las arenas públicas, espacio de antagonismo donde se expresan distintas gramáticas, performatividades, experiencias y biografías, configurando narrativas y teatralidades en disputa por significados.&#x0D; En suma, con los límites y omisiones de un balance acotado, en torno al espacio y el territorio se suceden una serie de tensiones, disputas y relaciones fundamentales para la comprensión de la realidad social. Es en esta línea, que el Vol. 14 Nº2 de Encrucijada Americana, presenta una diversidad de investigaciones que tienen como relato común, las dinámicas en el espacio territorial.&#x0D; De esta forma, Christian Matamoros, en “Conflictividad Laboral en la Nueva Educación Pública. Barrancas: 2018-2021”, presenta un estudio de casos sobre cómo las reformas de desmunicipalización impactaron en los trabajadores de la educación de tres municipios, generando resistencias. La investigación permite reconocer las particularidades de cada territorio, y cómo ellas se pusieron en tensión a partir del accionar de partidos políticos y la implementación de políticas públicas.&#x0D; Por su parte, Ignacio Méndez, con el trabajo “La experiencia pobladora rural de la José Bello Oliva y los conflictos entre socialistas y comunistas, Machalí 1961-1967”, presenta una extensa y documentada revisión historiográfica de la experiencia de una población a mediados del siglo XX. En este trabajo se pueden observar cómo las tensiones entre organizaciones políticas, en el plano nacional y regional, interactuaron en el plano territorial, generando distintas dinámicas de agenciamiento, en las que la población, luego de superar diversos procesos de represión y una relación conflictiva con la institucionalidad municipal, logró configurar procesos de autogobierno, en una relación de colaboración, pero no de supeditación con el Partido Comunista.&#x0D; Francisca Dávalos presenta la investigación “Participación social de mujeres en una villa de emergencia. Tensiones y apropiaciones situadas de la política social en Argentina”. Este trabajo desarrollado desde la antropología, también describe las tensiones entre espacios territoriales e institucionales en el marco de intervenciones sociales, respecto a relaciones de clientelismo y transferencias condicionadas. A su vez, releva los procesos de agenciamiento que se provocan a nivel local, en el marco de la aplicación de políticas -como la de comedores populares-. En este contexto, la autora, identifica la reproducción feminizada de la participación: ligada a lo social y no político, a los cuidados y a la tensión casa versus calle (privado versus público). Sin embargo, también identifica que en este proceso se ha relevado la discursividad sobre la maternidad social o los cuidados colectivos, los que si bien no modifican el rol de la mujer, lo desvinculan de lo privado y lo colectiviza.&#x0D; Diego Venegas también presenta un estudio histórico denominado “Revolución, sangre y lucha. Los primeros mártires del Partido Socialista de Chile en la época de las milicias (1933-1937)”. Situado en el marco de una crisis económica mundial con alto impacto en Chile, del periodo entre guerras y la crisis política en Chile, el artículo estudia la emergencia de milicias (Nacional Socialistas, Republicanas -conservadoras- y Socialistas), describiendo cómo estas desarrollan una disputa callejera por el control del espacio público. En el marco de su investigación, se observa la relación conflictiva entre Estado y la sociedad, enmarcado en violencia política, asesinatos y matanzas, que, a su vez, fortalecieron, en el caso de los socialistas, una identidad política.&#x0D; También vinculado a la violencia política, aunque desde una mirada totalmente diferente, Rubén Ramírez presenta una investigación denominada “Violencia crónica y ejecuciones en Michoacán, México: los sentidos de la fuerza ilegal”. En ella describe cómo la violencia política desarrollada por los cárteles de droga en México, en complicidad u omisión con el Estado, es utilizada como mecanismo de control espacial para la constitución de hegemonía territorial. En este marco se determinan relaciones sociales y disputas por recursos económicos y políticos, utilizando la violencia, no solo como mecanismos para aniquilar a rivales, si no como dimensión simbólica para difundir terror.&#x0D; Por su parte, desde otra perspectiva, Consuelo Araya, Andrés Contreras, Paula Vidal, Magdalena Galleguillos y Fabián Pressacco, desarrollan el artículo “Análisis de la institucionalidad participativa medioambiental. Proyecto Dominga e Involucramiento Ciudadano”. En este estudio de casos los autores realizan la revisión de un conflicto socioambiental por la construcción de un proyecto minero, profundizando en las debilidades de la legislación chilena y la compleja interacción entre actores del territorio. Los investigadores dan cuenta de las distintas asimetrías de poder entre empresas y agentes locales, así como del cruce de relaciones conflictivas entre actores (Estado, municipio, empresa, activistas, entre otros).&#x0D; Finalmente, en la sección “Perspectivas epocales”, en este número se presenta una entrevista a Massimo Modondesi, reconocido intelectual italo-mexicano que ha desarrollado importantes aportes al estudio del conflicto social y antagonismo. Su prolífica obra sobre acción sociopolítica, integra dimensiones del marxismo y elementos del autonomismo, presentando coordenadas que aportar a la comprensión espacio-temporal del tránsito entre sujeción, antagonismo y autonomía, es decir, la constitución de sujetos políticos.

RESUMENEl objetivo principal de este trabajo consiste en sacar a la luz elementos que permitan confirmar un sincretismo cristiano-judío inconsciente, no voluntario, en las creencias y prácticas religiosas de los judeoconversos castellanos en el momento de tránsito de la Edad Media a la Moderna. El trabajo se sustenta en la consulta y análisis de numerosos procesos inquisitoriales incoados a judeoconversos castellanos a fines del siglo XV y comienzos del XVI, así como en otra diversa documentación inquisitorial. A través de las fuentes estudiadas es posible detectar rasgos que evidencian una progresiva confusión entre creencias, expresiones y manifestaciones religiosas cristianas y judías, como expresión más patente de que las transferencias religiosas y la aculturación era una realidad a la que en ese tiempo estaban sujetos los conversos, incluso quienes, como los criptojudíos, se aferraban al judaísmo y manifestaban un firme convencimiento en la superioridad de la religión judía sobre la cristiana. La conclusión principal es que esta situación era el reflejo de una realidad en la que, rotas las conexiones con el judaísmo oficial, la “religión” de los criptojudíosse diluía paulatina y progresivamente en el seno del cristianismo.PALABRAS CLAVE: Judeoconversos, Castilla, fines del siglo XV y comienzos del XVI,sincretismo religioso, procesos inquisitoriales.ABSTRACTThe main objective of this study is to identify certain elements that may confirm an unconscious Christian-Jewish syncretism in the religious beliefs and practices of Castilian Conversos in the transition from the Medieval to the Modern Age. The research is based on consultation and analysis of numerous inquisitorial trials of Castilian Conversos at the end Inquisitorial records. The selected sources allow us to discern certain traits that point to a progressive confusion between Christian and Jewish religious beliefs, expressions and manifestations. This is a clear indication that religious transfer and acculturation constituted a reality to which Conversos were exposed. This was the case even among those who, like Crypto-Jews, clung on to Judaism and expressed a firm conviction of the superiority of the Jewish over the Christian religion. The main conclusion is that, once the connections with official Judaism were broken, the religion of the Crypto-Jews slowly but progressively dissolved into the mainstream of Christianity.KEY WORDS: Conversos, Castile, End of the Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth Centuries, Religious Syncretism, Inquisitorial Trials. BIBLIOGRAFÍAAusejo, S., Diccionario de la Biblia, Barcelona, Editorial Herder, 1964.Baer, F., Die Juden im Christlichen Spanien. I/2. Kastilien/Inquisitionakten, Berlín, 1936.Beinart, H., Records of the Trials of the Spanish Inquisition in Ciudad Real, Jerusalem, The Israel National Academy of Sciences and Humanities, 1974-1985, 4 vols.Beinart, H., “A Prophesyng Movement in Cordova in 1499-1502” (en hebreo), en I.F.Baer Memorial Volume, Zion, 44 (1979), pp. 190-200.Beinart, H., “Tenu’at ha-nebi ah Inés be-Puebla de Alcocer u-be Talarrubias we-anusehen sel ayyarot elleh”, en Tarbiz, 51 (1982), pp. 633-658.Beinart, H., Los conversos ante el tribunal de la Inquisición, Barcelona, Riopiedras Ediciones, 1983.Beinart, H., “Conversos of Chillón and Siruela and the Prophecies of Mari Gómez and Inés, the Daughter of Juan Esteban” (en hebreo), en Zion, 48 (1983), pp. 241-272.Beinart, H., “Anuse Alia (Halia) u-tenu’atah sel ha-nebi’ah Inés” (= “Los judeoconversos de Alía y el movimiento de la profetisa Inés”), en Zion, 53/I (1988), pp. 13-52.Bover, J. Mª, S. I., y Cantera Burgos, F., Sagrada Biblia. Versión crítica sobre los textos hebreo y griego, Madrid, Biblioteca de Autores Cristianos, 1961 (6ª ed.).Carrete Parrondo, C., Fontes Iudaeorum Regni Castellae. II. El Tribunal de la Inquisición en el Obispado de Soria (1486-1502), Salamanca, Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca-Universidad de Granada, 1985.Carrete Parrondo, C., Fontes iudaeorum Regni Castellae. III. Proceso inquisitorial contra los Arias Dávila segovianos: un enfrentamiento social entre judíos y conversos, Salamanca, Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca-Universidad de Granada, 1986.Carrete Parrondo, C. y Fraile Conde, C., Fontes Iudaeorum Regni Castellae. IV. Los judeoconversos de Almazán. 1501-1505. Origen familiar de los Laínez, Salamanca, Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca-Universidad de Granada, 1987.Christian, W. A., Jr., Apariciones en Castilla y Cataluña (siglos XIV-XVI), Madrid, Nerea, 1990.Edwards, J., “Elijah and the Inquisition: Messianic Profhecy among Conversos in Spain, C. 1500”, en Nottingham Medieval Studies, 28 (Nottingham University, 1984), pp. 79-94.Garrido Bonaño, M., O.S.B., Curso de Liturgia Romana, Madrid, Biblioteca de Autores Cristianos, 1961.Gitlitz, D. M., Secreto y engaño. La religión de los criptojudíos, Salamanca, Junta de Castilla y León, 2003.Gracia Boix, R., Colección de documentos para la historia de la Inquisición de Córdoba, Córdoba, Publicaciones del Monte de Piedad y Caja de Ahorros de Córdoba, 1982.Le Goff, J., La naissance du Purgatoire, Paris, Gallimard, 1981.Maier, J. y Schäfer, P., Diccionario del judaísmo, Estella, Editorial Verbo Divino, 1996.Rábade Obradó, M. P., “Expresiones de la religiosidad cristiana en los procesos contra los judaizantes del tribunal de Ciudad Real/Toledo, 1483-1507”, En la España Medieval, 13 (1990), pp. 303-330.Rábade Obradó, M. P., “Religiosidad y práctica religiosa entre los conversos castellanos (1483-1507)”, Boletín de la Real Academia de la Historia, tomo CXCIV, Cuaderno I (Enero-Abril, 1997), pp. 83-141.Rábade Obradó, M. P., “La instrucción cristiana de los conversos en la Castilla del siglo XV”, En la España Medieval, 22 (1999), pp. 369-393.Rábade Obradó, M. P., “Herejía y utopía en la Castilla de los Reyes Católicos. Los conversos y la esperanza mesiánica”, en Contreras Contreras, J., Alvar Ezquerra, J. yRábade Obradó, M. P., “Dos voces femeninas en la Castilla del siglo XV: sueños y visiones de los criptojudíos”, en Alvira Cabrer, M. y Díaz Ibáñez, J., Medievo utópico: sueños, ideales y utopías en el mundo imaginario medieval, Madrid, Sílex ediciones, 2011, pp. 53-66.Ruiz Rodríguez, J. I. (coords.), Política y cultura en la época Moderna. (Cambios dinásticos, milenarismos, mesianismos y utopías), Universidad de Alcalá, 2004, pp. 535-544.Scholem. G., The Messianic Idea in Judaism, New York, Schockem, 1971.Trebolle Barrera, J., “Apocalipticismo y mesianismo en el mundo judío”, en Mangas, J. y Montero, S., (Coords.), El Milenarismo. La percepción del tiempo en las culturas antiguas, Madrid, Editorial Complutense, 2001.

AbstractThe investigation of regularity/summability properties of the coefficients of bilinear forms in sequence spaces was initiated by Littlewood in 1930. Nowadays, this topic has important connections with other fields of Pure and Applied Mathematics. In this paper we explore a regularity technique to obtain optimal parameters for several results in this framework, extending/generalizing theorems of Osikiewicz and Tonge (Linear Algebra Appl 331:1–9, 2001), Albuquerque et al. (J Funct Anal 266:3726–3740, 2016), Aron et al. (Linear Algebra Appl 531:399–422, 2017), Albuquerque and Rezende (Commun Contemp Math 20:1750087, 2018), Paulino (Rend Circ Mat Palermo 69:369–380, 2020), among others.

Lajos Gulácsy (1882-1932), the acknowledged Hungarian painter of the early twentieth century, was a kindred spirit to Irish playwright and poet Oscar Wilde (1854-1900), sharing his love of beauty, his escapism, and his belief in the superiority of art over mundane reality. Gulácsy’s art cannot be easily described in relation to the artistic groups and tendencies of his age; however, the literary portion of his oeuvre reveals definite affinities and parallels with dominant artistic trends of the millennium. Gulácsy wrote a number of essays, short-stories and tales, and even a novel, Pauline Holseel (1910), which all give evidence to an aesthetic similar to that of Oscar Wilde. Pauline Holseel, in particular, shows close correspondences with Wilde’s novel, The Picture of Dorian Gray (1890). Besides displaying the typical features of the Künstlerroman of the late nineteenth, early twentieth century, such as the lack of a plot, artists as protagonists, or a heavy reliance on sensual experiences, they also share more particular parallels concerning structure and attitude to art. (ÉP)

ABSTRACT Certain anthropological narratives of South Africa's Eastern Cape province, such as Monica Hunter's 1936 Reaction to Conquest and Philip Mayer's 1963 Townsmen or Tribesmen, persist as potent referential 'bodies of knowledge'. By laying down the coordinates of Black rural and urban experience, such studies continue to animate concepts of tradition and modernity, effectively conjuring up notions of 'the border', both literally and metaphorically. Encountering Pauline Ingle's photographic collection amidst these circuits of knowledge and ways of seeing is to recognise that it is both unusual and exceptional. It is a collection of over 4000 images that are not only located in a rural area but also covers a sustained time period, corresponding to the period of formal apartheid. The concept of the rural is amplified in the collection, positioning it as a site of development, as the 'not yet modern', in which subjects are figured both in class hierarchies and in relation to Daniel Morolong's urban photographs in and around East London in the 1950s. Employing the theory of social acts enables a re-contemplation of the subject, and a reading of the social that suggests a set of possibilities and futures beyond what currently constitutes the rural and the urban; and upturns the disciplinary optics that condition the predominating ethnographies and historiographies of the Eastern Cape.