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Journal articles on the topic 'Pauline model'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Campbell, Douglas A. "Mass Incarceration: Pauline Problems and Pauline Solutions." Interpretation: A Journal of Bible and Theology 72, no. 3 (June 12, 2018): 282–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020964318766297.

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The growing realization that the United States today is characterized by mass incarceration has begun to influence the interpretation of the Bible. This essay will focus on the influence of Paul’s letters on the court and penal system in the United States, especially the pervasive emphasis on justification (Rom 1–4) by which our penal system operates. This is followed by discussion of a more constructive model for restorative justice, based on the compassionate God in Romans 5. The essay suggests how Paul’s own incarcerations inform relational models on which ministry among prisoners should be conducted today.

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2

Barr, G. "A computer model for the Pauline epistles." Literary and Linguistic Computing 16, no. 3 (September 1, 2001): 233–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/llc/16.3.233.

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3

Farag, Mary K. "Pachomius Outside the Shadow of the Vita Antonii." Harvard Theological Review 111, no. 4 (October 2018): 516–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017816018000251.

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AbstractThe earliest prologue to the Life of Pachomius constructs the apostle Paul as an exemplary father and argues that Pachomius conforms to such a Pauline model. Prologues composed later make no such comparison but cite Antony as the model ascetic before turning to the narration of Pachomius’s life. This paper follows the Pauline thread of the earliest prologue by examining the use of the figure Paul and Pauline literature in the surviving Vitae. I argue that certain narratives cast Pachomius’s legacy after a Pauline prototype. Paul’s ascent to paradise in 2 Corinthians 12 and Paul’s survey of torments in the Apocalypse of Paul are rewritten in some of the Coptic and Arabic Vitae as episodes in Pachomius’s life. This use of Paul as a prototype for ascetic hagiography creates a vision of ascetic holiness incompatible with that constructed in the Life of Antony. Other narratives in the Pachomian Vitae, however, construct Pachomius after an Antonian prototype and reflect ascetic ideals promoted in the Life of Antony. The paper closes with reflections on possible historical circumstances for the shift from a Pauline model of asceticism to an Antonian one in the composition of Pachomian Vitae.

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Bennema, Cornelis. "A Shared (Graeco-Roman) Model of Mimesis in John and Paul?" Journal for the Study of the New Testament 43, no. 2 (October 13, 2020): 173–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142064x20961252.

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This study explores whether Johannine and Pauline Christianity show a common understanding of mimesis. Discourse on mimesis began in Graeco-Roman antiquity, so I will develop a model of Graeco-Roman mimesis and use it heuristically to examine whether the Johannine and Pauline writings adhere to it. If they do, we can justifiably compare the concept of mimesis in John and Paul based on this shared model. The findings show that, although there are differences in the workings of mimesis in John and Paul, there is sufficient evidence of a shared model that corresponds to that in Graeco-Roman antiquity.

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Marques SJ, Valdir. "PAULO EM TESSALÔNICA: O RELACIONAMENTO DE CONFIANÇA MÚTUA NA FUNDAÇÃO DA IGREJA." Perspectiva Teológica 41, no. 113 (January 13, 2010): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.20911/21768757v41n113p9/2009.

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A Teologia Paulina como um todo é um conjunto de temas-chaves de tal modo entrelaçados que nenhum deles pode ser considerado seu centro, como o supunham os sucessores de F.C. Baur na Escola de Tübingen. A fé é um destes temas. Este estudo se concentra num significado que a palavra pístis adquire em vários empregos paulinos, o de confiança prévia à adesão total à própria fé. Examinando 1Ts sob vários enfoques a confiança mútua entre os personagens daquela jovem Igreja, obtém-se, em detalhe, informações sobre a confiança e a fé, ditas pelo mesmo termo grego pístis. Tais detalhes fornecem maior nitidez ao que Paulo entende por fé, iluminando, assim, o conjunto de sua teologia. Deste processo emerge uma figura mais precisa da personalidade do próprio Paulo, como também de sua comunidade em Tessalônica. Tal missionário e tal comunidade eclesial entusiasta são para nós modelo para a renovação da Igreja de nossos dias.ABSTRACT: The Pauline Theology as a whole is a combination of key themes interwoven in such a way that not one of them can be considered its center, as held by the successors of F.C. Baur in the Tubingem School. Faith is one of these themes. This study concentrates on the significance that the word pístis acquires in various Pauline applications, of trust prior to the total adhesion to faith itself. Examining 1Ts under various aspects of the mutual trust among the characters of that young church, one may obtain, in detail, informative elements about trustand faith, stated by the same Greek term pístis. Such details provide more clarity on Paul’s understanding of faith, enlightening, thus, the entirety of his theology. From this process emerges a more precise figure of Paul’s own personality, as well as of his community in Thessalonica. Such a missionary and such an enthusiastic ecclesial community, serve as a model for us in church renewal in our current time.

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Gonzaga, Waldecir. "O Evangelho da ternura e a solidariedade de Gl 4,8-20." Ribla 76, no. 3 (April 17, 2018): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15603/1676-3394/ribla.v76n3p61-86.

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A Carta aos Gálatas é tida como a Magna Carta da Liberdade Cristã. Ela sempre foi objeto de muitos comentários e tida como uma das cartas paulinas mais bem aceitas, sendo, inclusive, tida como modelo para as demais, a exemplo de Marcião, ou muito amada, como para Lutero. Ela é aceita entre católicos, ortodoxos e protestantes como autenticamente paulina. E a Carta aos Gálatas traz o Evangelho Paulino com matizes que vão deste a tão debatida justificação até à ternura e à solidariedade de Deus, que deve ser vivida entre seus filhos e filhas, a exemplo do que vemos na ternura de Paulo para com os seus irmãos e irmãs da comunidade na perícope de Gl 4,8-20. Nossa intenção é fazer um estudo desta perícope, que pertence à segunda seção desta carta paulina (B: 3,1-4,31). e analisar a questão do Evangelho Paulino da Ternura e da Solidariedade.

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Strijdom, Johan. "CONSERVATIVE AND LIBERAL, HIERARCHICAL AND EGALITARIAN: SOCIAL-POLITICAL USES OF THE CONCEPT OF â€œHOMEâ€ IN GRECO-ROMAN ANTIQUITY AND EARLY CHRISTIANITY." Phronimon 16, no. 1 (January 29, 2018): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2413-3086/3810.

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The cognitive linguist George Lakoff has argued that in the human brain two concepts of the family are mapped onto two contrasting political concepts, which reveal two kinds of systemic morality: a hierarchical, strict and disciplining father morality of conservatives on the one hand, and an egalitarian, nurturing parent morality of progressives or liberals on the other. Taking Lakoffâ€™s thesis as point of departure, I offer a critical comparison of social-political uses of the concept of â€œhomeâ€ in the early Roman Empire and Pauline Christianity. For this case study I engage primarily with the work of John Dominic Crossan, a prominent scholar of early Christianity within its Jewish and Greco-Roman contexts. Although â€œhomeâ€ does not constitute the focus of his analysis, a close reading of his oeuvre does allow us to identify and highlight this as a crucial theme in his work. The focus will be on the patriarchal home under Greco-Roman imperial conditions as model of the imperial system, the Pauline egalitarian concept of the Christian home and house churches, and the deutero-Pauline return to the imperial model. By comparing these case studies from another epoch and another culture, thevalidity of Lakoffâ€™s thesis will be tested and our understanding of the concepts â€œliberalâ€ and â€œconservativeâ€ will be enriched.

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8

HILL, JONATHAN. "‘His death belongs to them’: an Edwardsean participatory model of atonement." Religious Studies 54, no. 2 (February 13, 2017): 175–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034412516000457.

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AbstractThe Participatory Model of Atonement (PMA) offers an alternative view of Christian salvation, drawing on Pauline theology. It conceives of sin as a contagion which can usually be escaped only by dying. By ‘participating’ in Christ's death, the believer can escape its effects without having to die. This notion of ‘participation’ is obscure. I consider a possible way of clarifying it using metaphysical ideas taken from Jonathan Edwards. ‘Participation’ might involve becoming similar to Christ through the action of the Holy Spirit, to such a degree that a person might be called identical (in some sense) with Christ.

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9

Briones, David. "Mutual Brokers of Grace: A Study in 2 Corinthians 1.3-11." New Testament Studies 56, no. 4 (September 7, 2010): 536–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002868851000010x.

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The brokerage relationship has been applied as a model to various passages in the NT. Surprisingly, only a few have applied it to the Pauline corpus. Among them is Stephan Joubert, who uses the model to reach a very hierarchical conclusion on Paul's apostleship in the Corinthian Correspondence. Against Joubert, this essay will demonstrate that, when the brokerage model is applied to 2 Cor 1.3-11, a characteristic relational pattern in the economy of grace emerges, one which is marked by interpersonal solidarity and a mutual channelling of χάρις. This discovery, however, only emerges once the ‘unfitting’ nature of the model is acknowledged.

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10

Horrell, David G. "Paul among Liberals and Communitarians: Models for Christian Ethics." Pacifica: Australasian Theological Studies 18, no. 1 (February 2005): 33–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1030570x0501800103.

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This essay first sketches the contrasts between liberal and communitarian approaches to ethics, represented by Jürgen Habermas and Stanley Hauerwas respectively, as a contemporary context in which to read Paul's ethics. Paul is not seen as unambiguously affirming the ecclesial ethics of Hauerwas but rather as offering a rather more diverse range of possibilities and points of critical comparison. In the closing sections of the essay three possible models for the contemporary appropriation of Pauline ethics are outlined: one is closest to an ecclesial model, another is closer to a liberal model which looks to foster a wider consensus on moral norms, and a third considers how Paul's approach to ethics might inform a (possibly post-Christian) social ethic.

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Downing, F. Gerald. "Friends in God: A Foundational Motif in Classical Reflections on the Divine Economy." Anglican Theological Review 97, no. 3 (June 2015): 483–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000332861509700307.

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A “social” model of the Trinity, warmly debated in the last century, seems to have lost influence (witness the recent Oxford Handbook of the Trinity ). It is argued here, however, that far from being a modern innovation, as suggested, a “friendship” model was integral to Pauline and Johannine and then Cappadocian reflections on Father, Son, Spirit. Some of the key terms in ancient discussions of friendship are collated here in supportive illustration. A critically appraised model of friendship, it is then proposed, is fitting for those who trust we are being creatively sustained, redeemed, hallowed, and transformed to share in the divine life.

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12

Aker, Benny. "Charismata: Gifts, Enablements, or Ministries?" Journal of Pentecostal Theology 11, no. 1 (2002): 53–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096673690201100104.

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AbstractIn the midst of a growing awareness of spiritual gifts in contemporary church culture and in the academy, much confusion exists. The use of the term 'charismata' promotes this confusion and is not an appropriate label for the biblical evidence of such activity. The problem lies in a deficient linguistic and exegetical handling of this term—a problem identified by James Barr long ago and brought to the fore by Kenneth Berding. Proper exegesis overcomes this prevalent exegetical and linguistic fallacy and suggests another term, diakonia. However, a more foundational conception of both the church and ministry is lacking. By analyzing Pauline anthropol ogy in Romans, an enduring and foundational model for gifts and ministries emerges. This model is the Pauline conception of the church as God's tem ple. People who are delivered from sin's power through identifying with Jesus' death, burial, and resurrection and who have the Spirit are free to give themselves both as sacrifice and temple servants in spiritual ministries. One other caution is raised and discussed. One must avoid the charge in practice and theology of Spirit-monism. Basic structures of the New Testament always place Jesus as the One through whom the Spirit comes. Conse quently, all Spirit activity must in some way be christological and sote riological in nature. Some contemporary applications are derived from this biblical theology of Church and ministry.

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13

Stemen, Sara, Kate de Medeiros, and M. Elise Radina. "Exploring Cause of Death in Social Convoy Membership: The Case of Pauline." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 647. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2228.

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Abstract People receive support from a fluid convoy of individuals. Historically, convoy membership has been limited to meaningful, living persons. However, research incorporating the continuing bonds model suggests that individuals who have died can also be convoy members as relationships can be preserved through pictures, memories, and after death communication experiences. Building on this idea, this presentation uses a qualitative case study to explore whether (and if so, how) continuing bond relationships are influenced by the way that individuals die. Pauline, a 67 year-old widow, compares the “natural” deaths of her sister and father-in-law to the suicide of her husband. Careful readings of her interview transcript reveal that the unexpected way that her husband died became a salient part of her identity and the way she connects with others. Consequently, this case study provides insights for researchers who may consider cause of death as a potential contributing factor to convoy membership.

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Du Toit, A. B. "Analise van die opbou, argumentasiegang en pragmatiek van die Galatebrief: ‘n Eerste oriëntering." Verbum et Ecclesia 11, no. 2 (July 18, 1990): 155–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ve.v11i2.1017.

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Analysis of the structure, argument and pragmatics of Galatians: An initial orientation Initially three methodological pitfalls regarding the analysis of the overall structure of Galatians are discussed: that of historical reconstruction of its polemical situation, of the rhetorical model and of the bipartite Pauline division between theological exposition and paraenesis. Then the macrostructural relations, the argument and the pragmatics of Galatians are analysed. Two main sections are identified, the first (Galatians 1:11-4:11) consisting of a double argument for the legitimacy of Paul's gospel, the second (4:12-6:10) being an appeal concentrating on Christian freedom.

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Thornhill, Anthony C. "The Resurrection of Jesus and Spiritual (Trans)Formation." Journal of Spiritual Formation and Soul Care 5, no. 2 (November 2012): 243–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/193979091200500205.

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What does Paul envision as the basis for the spiritual (transformation of the believer? Several key passages in the Pauline epistles reveal that Paul envisions a vibrant connection between the resurrection of Jesus and the expected character qualities and behaviors of those who are in Christ. In examining this connection between resurrection and Christian maturation, three distinct, though interrelated, emphases may be identified: 1) identification with Jesus in his resurrection, 2) submission to the lordship of Jesus and the expectations of his kingdom, and 3) hope in the future resurrection of those who are “in Christ.” While these form the “ground” for spiritual (trans)formation, Paul further offers a model for applying this resurrection identification in the “here and now” life of the believer.

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Langella, Giuseppe. "“Il tormentato esaminator di se stesso”. Dinamiche della conversione nei Promessi sposi." Linguae & - Rivista di lingue e culture moderne, no. 2 (December 2013): 11–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7358/ling-2013-002-lang.

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In order to tell the story of the conversion of the Conte del Sagrato in Fermo e Lucia, Manzoni adheres to the Pauline model of a sudden shock, thus interpreting the event as a miraculous event in which the redeemed sinner’s role remains completely passive. In The Betrothed, however, the whole episode is being rewritten from the Augustinian model of the Confessions, which represents conversion as a slow and gradual process of crisis, full of anxiety, inner conflict, dejection and resistance, in which God calls for repentance, creates favourable opportunities, eliminates inner anguish and offers necessary help, while respecting human timing, nature and freedom. This essay reconstructs, step by step, all the stages of the conversion of the Unnamed, from his first appearance in the novel to his exit, highlighting the psychological as well as moral turning points of the process of conversion, not without repeated references to the other converts in the novel, starting with Fra Cristoforo, and Napoleon in the Fifth of May.

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Garzaniti, Marcello. ""THE DISCOURSE ON INSTABILITY AND CHAOS" BY MAXIM THE GREEK. AT THE SOURCES OF VASILIJA’S LAMENTATION." Russkaya literatura 1 (2021): 55–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31860/0131-6095-2021-1-55-70.

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The article suggests that the female protagonist of the Lamentation, supposedly written in the mid-17th century, is an allegorical personifi cation of «power», a woman named Vasilija, dressed in widowhood and surrounded by wild beasts. Her lamentation contains numerous references to the prophecies of the Old Testament prophets. The character evokes the image of the «virgin caste» of Pauline origin (2 Cor. 11, 1–2), used by Savonarola in his canzone De Ruina Ecclesiae. Maxim elaborates this Savonarolian model, taking into account the canzone De Ruina Mundi, on the basis of a complex and neatly orchestrated biblical exegesis that highlights the allegory not only in relation to the Russian State, but as projected on the universal history, illustrating the relationship between earthly power and the «kingdom of heaven» in eschatological terms.

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Stephenson, Christopher A. "Sarah Coakley’s Théologie Totale: Starting with the Holy Spirit and/or Starting with Pneumatology?" Journal of Pentecostal Theology 26, no. 1 (March 17, 2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17455251-02601001.

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God, Sexuality, and the Self, the inaugural volume of Sarah Coakley’s théologie totale, is a revision of the task of systematic theology that comes at a time in which some critics feel this genre of theology should be jettisoned. Intertwining the doctrine of the Trinity and theological method, the book is a programmatic statement on the relationship between human and divine desire. It also proposes a close relationship between social-scientific field work and qualitative analysis in constructive theology. What is perhaps most important for Pentecostal theology is the potential the book creates for théologie totale to be a third article theology, a theology with a pronounced pneumatological orientation throughout. Based largely on Romans 8, Coakley’s ‘incorporative’ model of the Trinity invites theologians to ‘start with the Holy Spirit’. This should encourage Pentecostals to pursue further the prospects of a pneumatological theology. At the same time, Pentecostals might want to incorporate the voice of Luke–Acts into the Pauline voice that Coakley accentuates well.

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West, Jonathan P. "Public-Private Policy Partnerships. Edited by Pauline Vaillancourt Rosenau. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2000. 256p. $45.00 cloth, $19.95 paper." American Political Science Review 95, no. 1 (March 2001): 219–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055401422015.

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Recent calls for public sector reform advocate reinvention, deregulation, reengineering, outsourcing, and privatization to address deficiencies in the classic bureaucratic model and to improve government performance. Reform efforts that seek to capitalize on the advantages offered by the three sectors-public, private, and voluntary-include experiments in public-private policy partnerships. Experience with coop- erative undertakings between the state and for-profit or third-sector service providers spans the last three decades. This book examines the pros and cons of these public-private policy partnerships, isolates the determinants of success or failure across policy spheres, and identifies the circumstances under which cross-sector partnering should be promoted or avoided.

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Benini, Stefania. "From Blasphemy to Saint Paul: Multistable Subjectivities, Queer Cinema, and Pasolini’s Subversive Hagiographies." Biblical Interpretation 27, no. 4-5 (November 13, 2019): 549–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685152-02745p06.

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AbstractThe project of Saint Paul occupies Pasolini’s imagination between 1966 and 1974. It originated with and connects to Pasolini’s previous Franciscan project on the subversive hagiography, Bestemmia (“Blasphemy”), another (unshot) screenplay in verse about a rascal of twelfth-century Rome, transformed into a saint after a vision of the Passion in the midst of an orgy. Pasolini worked on Blasphemy from 1962 to 1967, and still later was referring to the project of Saint Paul with the same title of Blasphemy. The continuity, as well as the difference, between the two projects is relevant. I will investigate the roots of Pasolini’s Pauline turn, after his Franciscan stage, and contextualize the project of Saint Paul within Pasolini’s production and within the rise of European queer cinema. I will also put it into dialogue with contemporary political theology, for instance with the Franciscan turn of Agamben, or the emergence of new, multi-stable subjectivities within the Kippbilder model proposed by Luca Di Blasi in his interpretation of Pasolini’s Saint Paul.

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León Ordoñez, Stella, and Amanda Quintana Caro. "Cultura organizacional inspirada en valores como cuarto eje de la sostenibilidad: un modelo de responsabilidad social." SIGNOS - Investigación en sistemas de gestión 6, no. 2 (April 28, 2016): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15332/s2145-1389.2014.0002.03.

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<p>El presente artículo describe los principales aspectos que se tuvieron en cuenta para la construcción de un Modelo de Responsabilidad Social (MRS) dirigido a la Congregación Paulinas, organización religiosa que muestra su compromiso con este tema de gran importancia por sus repercusiones e implicaciones a nivel mundial.</p><p>La investigación parte de entender el comportamiento actual de Paulinas frente a la Responsabilidad Social (RS), para lo cual se identifican los grupos de interés más importantes de la Congregación, a quienes se les aplica un instrumento que permite recopilar información primaria. El Diagnóstico situacional permite la construcción del MRS para Paulinas, basado en tres enfoques fundamentales: el Enfoque Apreciativo (EA), el Enfoque Axiológico y el de Resultados de Aprendizajes Esperados (RAE). Desde lo metodológico se integra el método Paulino “Verdad, Camino y Vida” como aspecto fundamental de la institución. Desde lo normativo se enmarca en los Principios de RS contenidos en la guía técnica ISO 26000:2010, en el ciclo PHVA y en un eje planteado como cultura organizacional inspirada en valores, que se propone como un cuarto eje específico y transversal para el modelo actual de sostenibilidad basado en el concepto de Desarrollo Sostenible. La implementación del modelo se apoya en la elaboración de una cartilla pedagógica, sencilla y de fácil comprensión, con la cual se realiza una prueba piloto; el modelo resultante puede ser aplicado en todas las organizaciones que compartan o se identifiquen con la misión y visión Paulinas.</p>

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Sangthongpitag, Kanda, Walter Stunkel, Zahid Q. Bonday, Kee C. Goh, Xukun Wang, Xiaofeng Wu, Changyong Hu, et al. "SB939: A Potent and Orally Active HDAC Inhibitor for the Treatment of Hematological Malignancies." Blood 110, no. 11 (November 16, 2007): 1603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.1603.1603.

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Abstract Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are emerging new molecular targets for cancer therapy. Small-molecule HDAC inhibitors have been developed and shown to induce tumor cell cytostasis, differentiation and apoptosis in experimental models and efficacy in clinical trials in various hematological malignancies following intravenous and/or oral administration. SB939 is a novel HDAC inhibitor with improved metabolic, pharmacokinetic and pharmacological properties compared to other HDAC inhibitors currently in clinical trials1. The objective of this study was to characterize the anti-tumor efficacy of SB939 in preclinical models of hematological malignancies. SB939 selectively inhibits HDAC class I and II isozymes, with Ki values ranging from 16 to 247 nM. It inhibited the proliferation of cell lines from various haematological malignancies, including leukemia, lymphoma and multiple myeloma with IC50 values ranging from 80 nM to 200 nM. It induced cell cycle arrest leading to apoptotic cell death in tumor cell lines as well as primary cells isolated from patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). SB939 has excellent pharmacokinetic properties and tolerability after oral administration in mice1. The oral anti-tumor efficacy of SB939 was evaluated in models of AML (MV4-11) and lymphoma (Ramos) with the tumors grown subcutaneously in nude mice. After daily oral treatment at 50mg/kg (21 days for MV4-11; 14 days for Ramos), SB939 significantly reduced tumor growth in both models (%TGI values were 116% and 100% respectively in MV4-11 and Ramos). In the MV4-11 model, SB939 induced complete tumor regression, in 6/10 mice. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that SB939 is a potent, orally active anti-tumor drug with potential for the treatment of various types of hematological malignancies. 1Kanda Sangthongpitag, Haishang Wang, Pauline Yeo, Liu Xin, Evelyn Goh, Lee Sun New, Peizi Zeng, Xiaofeng Wu, Changyong Hu, Tony Ng and Kantharaj Ethirajulu. ADME attributes of SB939, a best-in-class HDAC Inhibitor, and its PK/PD correlation in the Pharmacological Species. EORTC-NCI-AACR Symposium on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics Prague Congress Centre, 2006, Nov 7–10; Prague, Czech Republic, Abstract number 166

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23

Linebaugh, Jonathan A. "Participation and the Person in Pauline Theology: A Response to Susan Eastman’s Paul and the Person." Journal for the Study of the New Testament 40, no. 4 (May 14, 2018): 516–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142064x18769517.

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Paul and the Person by Susan Eastman both models a form of boundary-crossing Pauline scholarship and proposes a ‘contemporary expression’ of Paul’s language of participation in Christ. In conversation with ancient and contemporary theories of the self, Eastman argues that, for Paul, the person is constituted in relationship, whether to sin or to Christ. This thesis is both significant and suggestive, but it does raise questions about the continuity of the person in Pauline theology.

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24

Ryder, Lewis. "A review of Who cares about particle physics? Making sense of the Higgs Boson, the Large Hadron Collider and CERN, by Pauline Gagnon, and Modern elementary particle physics: explaining and extending the standard model, 2nd edition, by Gordon Kane." Contemporary Physics 59, no. 1 (November 3, 2017): 68–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00107514.2017.1388031.

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25

Chiappiniello, Roberto. "Feminei Furores. Prudentius' Hamartigenia and the Epigramma Paulini." Vigiliae Christianae 63, no. 2 (2009): 169–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157007208x312734.

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AbstractThe Epigramma Paulini is a late antique Gallo-Roman poem of uncertain authorship which contains a dialogue structured on the model of the first Vergilian Eclogue. It is an unusual pastoral poem as it blends pastoral with satire. Recent scholarship has focused on the way the author of the Epigramma Paulini adapts the Vergilian model to suit his Christian message. The aim of this paper is to explore more fully the satirical section of the poem and, in particular, the lines focusing on Roman vices which contain a striking attenuation of the topos of misogyny. I seek to show through verbal and thematic similarities that the model for this part of the poem is the Hamartigenia of Prudentius.

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Boulestreau, J., M. Maumus, P. Rozier, C. Jorgensen, and D. Noel. "POS0374 SENESCENCE DID NOT ALTER THE CHONDROPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES FROM MESENCHYMAL STROMAL CELLS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 417.2–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.2401.

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Background:Age is the most important risk factor in degenerative osteoarthritis (OA) and is associated with the accumulation of senescent cells that contribute to functional decline of joint. We previously demonstrated that extracellular vesicles (EVs) from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) largely mediate the therapeutic effect of parental cells in OA.Objectives:Here, we assessed the impact of senescence on the characteristics of EVs from adipose tissue-derived MSCs (ASC-EVs) and their properties in an in vitro model of OAMethods:ASCs were induced to senescence using 25µM etoposide for 24 hours. Senescence was assessed by quantifying proliferation rate, SA-βGal activity, nuclear γH2AX foci number, phalloidin staining and expression of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKI) (RT-qPCR). ASC-EVs were isolated by differential ultracentrifugation and characterized by size, concentration, total protein content, structure (cryo-TEM) and immunophenotype. In vitro OA model used chondrocytes isolated from OA patients, which were stimulated with IL1β for 48h before culture with ASCs or ASC-EVs for 7 days. Expression of chondrocytic and inflammatory markers was quantified by RT-qPCR and SASP factors were quantified by ELISA in supernatants.Results:Senescence-induced ASCs experienced growth arrest and increase of SA-βGal staining, of p21 CDKI expression, of nuclear γH2AX foci, of stress fibers and of several SASP factors (IL6, IL8, MMP3) confirming the expression of main senescence features. Senescent ASCs produced 4-fold more EVs than healthy ASCs and senescent ASC-EVs were larger. In vitro, both healthy and senescent ASCs decreased fibrotic markers (type III COLLAGEN), catabolic and hypertrophic markers (MMP3, MMP13, AP) and increased COX2 expression in OA chondrocytes. By contrast, healthy ASCs decreased the expression of IL6 while senescent ASCs highly increased IL6. Looking at the role of ASC-EVs on OA chondrocytes, we found out that both healthy and senescent ASC-EVs were able to increase the expression of AGG and type II COLLAGEN while they decreased the expression of MMP13, AP, type X COLLAGEN, HMOX1 and IL6. Finally, healthy and senescent ASC-EVs decreased the number of SA-βGal positive chondrocytes but did not impact the expression of p21 in IL1β-induced chondrocytes.Conclusion:Our results indicated a chondroprotective effect of ASC-EVs, independently of the senescent state of parental cells and suggested that EVs might act through different mechanisms than ASCs, which warrants further investigationDisclosure of Interests:Jérémy Boulestreau: None declared, Marie Maumus Employee of: Bauerfeind France, Pauline Rozier: None declared, Christian Jorgensen Shareholder of: Medxcell sciences, Consultant of: Medxcell sciences, Daniele Noel Shareholder of: Medxcell sciences, Consultant of: Medxcell sciences

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Fowler, Patrick W., Wendy Myrvold, Daniel Jenkinson, and William H. Bird. "Perimeter ring currents in benzenoids from Pauling bond orders." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 17 (2016): 11756–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cp07000g.

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Amyes, Tina L., and John P. Richard. "Specificity in Transition State Binding: The Pauling Model Revisited." Biochemistry 52, no. 12 (February 4, 2013): 2021–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi301491r.

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Savin, Andreas. "Was Pauling Mistaken about Metals?" Molecules 26, no. 7 (March 30, 2021): 1930. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26071930.

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Pauling described metallic bonds using resonance. The maximum probability domains in the Kronig–Penney model can show a picture of it. When the walls are opaque (and the band gap is large) the maximum probability domain for an electron pair essentially corresponds to the region between the walls: the electron pairs are localized within two consecutive walls. However, when the walls become transparent (and the band gaps closes), the maximum probability domain can be moved through the system without a significant loss in probability.

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30

Dzik, Janina. "The Reception of the Engravings of Gottfried Bernhard Göz’s Marian Series in the Monumental Painting of the Lviv Circle in the 18th Century." Roczniki Humanistyczne 67, no. 4 SELECTED PAPERS IN ENGLISH (October 30, 2019): 7–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/rh.2019.68.4-1en.

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The Polish version of the article was published in Roczniki Humanistyczne vol. 63, issue 4 (2015). The graphic series dedicated to the Mother of God, defined as Sub tuum praesidium confugimus, by Gottfried Bernhard Göz (1708–1774) was an inspiration for the monumental painting of the Rococo period in Poland in the times of the Saxon kings. The series of engravings with a devotional character made with the stipple engraving technique presents 12 signed Marian scenes: the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Mary’s Birth, the Presentation of Mary, Mary and Joseph’s Matrimony, the Annunciation, the Visitation, the Purification, the images of Our Lady of Sorrows, and the Assumption. Other scenes are connected with Mary’s patronage – as the Queen of the Rosary—and her intercession. The prints, as researchers of Göz’s work assume, prove his mature style that was shaped in the years 1737–1740, when he formed a publishing “company” together with the Klauber brothers, Joseph Sebastian and Johann Baptist. He used the motifs occurring in the series many times e.g. on the vault of the nave in the Dominican nuns’ St Stefan Church in Habsthal (1748; Upper Swabia), in the sketch and painting for the Cistercian monastery in Birnau (1748–1750). These motifs were also found in Bavarian Marian shrines, e.g. Frauenchiemsee, Maria Mitleid Kapelle and Mater Dolorosa Kapelle with paintings by Balthasar Furtner (1761) and in a church in Niederaschau and Kleinmariazell (1763–1765). References to the series may also be found in the area of Slovenia, i.e. on the vault of Grajska Kapela in Novo Celje (1758–1763). The prints were known to the circle of Lviv artists active in the 18th century and they were used as models for numerous figural compositions. First of all the Lviv painter Stanisław Stroiński (1719–1802) used them for the decorations, among others, of the interior of the Franciscan Marian sanctuary in Leżajsk, in the Franciscan Holy Spirit Church in Krystynopol (1756–1759 (now Chervonohrad in Ukraine), and in the decoration of St Anne’s Chapel in the Holy Trinity Benedictine Church in Przemyśl. The series of prints was also used by the painter Gabriel Sławiński in the decoration of the chancel in St Lawrence Parish Church in the village of Żółkiewka and on the vault of the post-Pauline St Louis Church in Włodawa. The engravings are a significant model for Polish painting because of their style, technique and original approach to the conventional religious theme.

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Grado-Caffaro, M. A., and M. Grado-Caffaro. "A Small Cluster Approach for the Electronic Density of States in Amorphous Germanium." Active and Passive Electronic Components 20, no. 3 (1998): 147–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1998/51360.

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The electronic density of states for very small clusters of amorphous germanium is calculated by using bonding orbitals. In this context, the Born model is considered as well as Pauling-type hybridized sp3orbitals.

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32

Pan, Sudip, and Gernot Frenking. "A Critical Look at Linus Pauling’s Influence on the Understanding of Chemical Bonding." Molecules 26, no. 15 (August 3, 2021): 4695. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26154695.

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The influence of Linus Pauling on the understanding of chemical bonding is critically examined. Pauling deserves credit for presenting a connection between the quantum theoretical description of chemical bonding and Gilbert Lewis’s classical bonding model of localized electron pair bonds for a wide range of chemistry. Using the concept of resonance that he introduced, he was able to present a consistent description of chemical bonding for molecules, metals, and ionic crystals which was used by many chemists and subsequently found its way into chemistry textbooks. However, his one-sided restriction to the valence bond method and his rejection of the molecular orbital approach hindered further development of chemical bonding theory for a while and his close association of the heuristic Lewis binding model with the quantum chemical VB approach led to misleading ideas until today.

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Subramanian, Raghavendran, and Kazem Kazerounian. "Improved Molecular Model of a Peptide Unit for Proteins." Journal of Mechanical Design 129, no. 11 (November 28, 2006): 1130–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2771230.

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Pauling et al. (1951, “The Structure of Proteins: Two Hydrogen-Bonded Helical Configurations of the Polypeptide Chain,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 37(4), pp. 205–211) in their seminal paper in 1951 reported numerical values for the bond lengths and bond angles for a peptide unit in proteins. These values became the standard model for several decades after that. In this paper, we have made an attempt to calibrate the values of these bond lengths and bond angles based on a systematic approach applied to a collection of proteins defined structurally in the protein data bank (PDB). Our method is based on the assumption that a peptide chain is a serial chain of identical rigid bodies connected by revolute joints (i.e., dihedral angles). Through an optimization process, the structural error (root mean square deviation of all atoms) between the resultant conformation and the PDB data is minimized to yield the best values for the bond length and bond angles in the calibrated peptide unit. Our numerical experiments indicate that by making small changes in the Pauling-Corey peptide model parameters (0.15–8.7%), the structural error is reduced significantly (3.0–57.4%). The optimum values for the bond angles and bond lengths are as follow; bond lengths: N–C(A): 1.4721Å, C(A)–C: 1.6167Å, C–N: 1.2047Å, CO: 1.1913Å and N–H: 0.9621Å. Bond bending angles: N–C(A)–C: 109.6823deg, C(A)–CO: 119.518deg, C(A)–C–N: 114.5553deg, OC–N: 125.9233deg, C–N–H: 123.5155deg, C–N–C(A): 121.5756deg, C(A)–N–H: 114.901deg peptide bond torsion angle: ω: 179.4432deg.

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Zhao, Guanghui, Ju Li, Y. X. Zhang, Zheng Liang, and Chunhui Yang. "An Inverse Analysis-Based Optimal Selection of Cohesive Zone Model for Metallic Materials." International Journal of Applied Mechanics 10, no. 02 (March 2018): 1850015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1758825118500151.

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Five different cohesive zone models (CZMs), including bilinear, polynomial, trapezoidal, exponential, and PPR (Park–Paulino–Roesler) models, which are commonly used in simulating fracture failure of metallic materials, are evaluated in this paper. The cohesive parameters of these CZMs are determined by an inverse analysis based on the modified Levenberg–Marquardt method. A finite element (FE) model is developed by employing these CZMs and used to predict fracture behaviors of steel grade 120, which is frequently used for the tool joints of drill pipes. Tensile and fracture tests are conducted to determine material properties and fracture behaviors of the steel grade 120, and the fracture behavior obtained from the experiment is used to determine the CZM parameters and validate the FE model. It is found that the five CZMs, with the cohesive parameters determined by the inverse analysis, can be used to simulate the ductile fracture process of the steel, and that among the five CZMs, the exponential CZM provides the closest results to the experimental data.

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35

van Hooydonk, G. "On pauling electronegativity, hardness, charge capacity and the Thomas-Fermi atom model." Journal of Molecular Structure: THEOCHEM 208, no. 1-2 (August 1990): 143–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-1280(92)80014-d.

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36

Nissen, Johannes. "Unity and Diversity." Mission Studies 14, no. 1 (1997): 121–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157338397x00095.

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AbstractUnderstanding our interconnected world as the "oikoumene" or one household of God, Johannes Nissen in this article sketches out nine "models" of partnership that appear in the Bible. These are (1) covenant; (2) koinonia; (3) the church as the Body of Christ; (4) the eucharist; (5) the Roman notion of societas; (6) the Pauline collection; (7) the material and spiritual fellowship of the Jerusalem community; (8) "conciliar fellowship"; and (9) Jesus' criticism of the "logic of equivalency" and his replacement of it with a "logic of grace." Nissen concludes his article with several reflections on how biblical models of partnership might be interpreted within our contemporary context.

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Cerrone, Albert, Paul Wawrzynek, Aida Nonn, Glaucio H. Paulino, and Anthony Ingraffea. "Implementation and verification of the Park–Paulino–Roesler cohesive zone model in 3D." Engineering Fracture Mechanics 120 (April 2014): 26–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2014.03.010.

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38

Oxbrow, Mark. "Pentecost and the World: Roland Allen, the Spirit, and Remodeling Twenty-First-Century Mission." International Bulletin of Mission Research 44, no. 3 (May 4, 2020): 215–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2396939320907403.

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A century after his major publications, Roland Allen continues to attract attention within the mission community. He has much to say to contemporary perceptions that new models in mission are urgently required. Allen is less concerned with methods than with the spiritual impulse for mission and the biblical principles by which it is lived. The missionary Spirit of Christ is at the heart of all mission, and the Pauline principles that Allen advances derive from our response to that Spirit. Following Allen, this article challenges a number of accepted contemporary practices in mission, asking “Is Christ here being revealed?”

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39

Zawiszewska, Agata. "Models of german women’s movement’s activity in the social and journalistic work of Paulina Kuczalska-Reinschmit at the turn of 19th and 20th centuries." Colloquia Germanica Stetinensia 25 (2016): 101–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18276/cgs.2016.25-06.

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40

Rocha, Alessandro Rodrigues da. "A INCIDÊNCIA DA TEOLOGIA SOBRE A ECLESIOLOGIA: UM MODELO DE APROXIMAÇÃO UMA LEITURA A PARTIR DA LITERATURA NEO-TESTAMENTÁRIA." REFLEXUS - Revista Semestral de Teologia e Ciências das Religiões 5, no. 6 (July 29, 2014): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.20890/reflexus.v5i6.70.

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O artigo discute a incidência da teologia sobre a eclesiologia na extensão da literatura neo-testamentária, sobretudo a literatura paulina e pastoral. Busca-se abordar as perspectivas teológicas e as formas eclesiais de tal literatura numa tentativa de aproximação ao testemunho e à vivência comunitária da fé no cristianismo nascente. A proposta fundamental é evidenciar a passagem de uma teologia e eclesiologia desenvolvida em perspectiva plural para uma teologia e eclesiologia em perspectiva unívoca. Palavras-chave: Teologia. Eclesiologia. Pluralidade. Univocidade.

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41

Zhong, Yanglong, Liang Gao, Xiaopei Cai, Bolun An, Zhihan Zhang, Janet Lin, and Ying Qin. "An Improved Cohesive Zone Model for Interface Mixed-Mode Fractures of Railway Slab Tracks." Applied Sciences 11, no. 1 (January 5, 2021): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11010456.

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The interface crack of a slab track is a fracture of mixed-mode that experiences a complex loading–unloading–reloading process. A reasonable simulation of the interaction between the layers of slab tracks is the key to studying the interface crack. However, the existing models of interface disease of slab track have problems, such as the stress oscillation of the crack tip and self-repairing, which do not simulate the mixed mode of interface cracks accurately. Aiming at these shortcomings, we propose an improved cohesive zone model combined with an unloading/reloading relationship based on the original Park–Paulino–Roesler (PPR) model in this paper. It is shown that the improved model guaranteed the consistency of the cohesive constitutive model and described the mixed-mode fracture better. This conclusion is based on the assessment of work-of-separation and the simulation of the mixed-mode bending test. Through the test of loading, unloading, and reloading, we observed that the improved unloading/reloading relationship effectively eliminated the issue of self-repairing and preserved all essential features. The proposed model provides a tool for the study of interface cracking mechanism of ballastless tracks and theoretical guidance for the monitoring, maintenance, and repair of layer defects, such as interfacial cracks and slab arches.

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42

Matar, S., and P. Mohn. "Electronic and Magnetic Properties of Fe2N and FeN: Trends of the Magnetism of the Fe-N System." Active and Passive Electronic Components 15, no. 2 (1993): 89–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1993/63687.

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The electronic and magnetic properties of the nitrides Fe2N and hypothetical FeN were investigated by use of the ASW method. For both nitrides, the calculations were done in the orthorhombic structure of Fe2N for the two nitrides. The magnetization is low (0.95μB/at.) for Fe2N and vanishes for FeN. The decrease of the magnetization with increasing amount of N is assessed within the Fe-N system in a model derived from a Slater-Pauling type behavior. Accordingly, a trend from weak to strong ferromagnetism is suggested.

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Dave, Eshan V., William G. Buttlar, and Glaucio H. Paulino. "Asphalt Pavement Aging and Temperature Dependent Properties through a Functionally Graded Viscoelastic Model, Part-II: Applications." Materials Science Forum 631-632 (October 2009): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.631-632.53.

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This is the second article in a series of two papers describing simulation of functionally graded viscoelastic properties in asphalt concrete pavements. The techniques developed are applicable to other viscoelastic material systems with continuous, spatial grading of material properties. A full-depth asphalt concrete pavement has been simulated to demonstrate the applicability and importance of the graded viscoelastic analysis method. Based on the graded finite elements developed by Kim and Paulino[1], Buttlar et al. [2] used graded finite elements to determine typical responses to tire loading for an aged asphalt concrete pavement. In the current study, a similar pavement section is studied using the viscoelastic graded analysis (rather than elastic). Graded, layered and homogeneous material variations were used for a series of simulations, and the results from different approaches were compared.

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44

Oldag, F., and D. H. Sutter. "The Microwave Rotational Spectra of l-Bromo-2,2- Difluoroethylene and the Bromine Nuclear Quadrupole Coupling Tensor." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 46, no. 6 (June 1, 1991): 513–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1991-0607.

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AbstractThe first assignment of the vibronic ground state rotational spectra for F2C = CH 79Br and F2C=CH81Br is reported. Only μb-type transitions could be observed. This indicates, that the C F and C Br bond dipole moments are almost equal despite of the large difference in the Pauling electronegativities of the two halogen atoms. The complete quadrupole Br-coupling tensors including their orientation with respect to the molecular principal inertia axes could be determined and are discussed within the Townes-Dailey model. A partial ro restructure is proposed.

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45

Fong, C. Y., Liam Damewood, L. H. Yang, and C. Felser. "Electronic and Magnetic Properties of Li_1.5Mn_0.5As Alloys in the Cu₂Sb Structure." Advanced Materials Research 702 (May 2013): 231–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.702.231.

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We investigated two formula-units of Li1.5Mn0.5As alloys, such as Li3MnAs2, in the Cu2Sb crystal structure using an ab-initio algorithm. By interchanging Mn with each Li located at different positions of the Li4As2unit cell, four separate alloys are formed. At the optimized lattice constant, two of these alloys are predicted to be ferromagnetic metals and the other two are half metals. The possibility of half metallicity in the first two is also explored. Both the modified Slater-Pauling-Kübler rule and the ionic model can characterize the magnetic moments of the half metals.

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Spring, Daniel W., Oliver Giraldo-Londoño, and Glaucio H. Paulino. "A study on the thermodynamic consistency of the Park–Paulino–Roesler (PPR) cohesive fracture model." Mechanics Research Communications 78 (December 2016): 100–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mechrescom.2016.05.006.

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47

Lasave, J., S. Koval, A. Laio, and E. Tosatti. "Proton strings and rings in atypical nucleation of ferroelectricity in ice." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 1 (December 21, 2020): e2018837118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2018837118.

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Ordinary ice has a proton-disordered phase which is kinetically metastable, unable to reach, spontaneously, the ferroelectric (FE) ground state at low temperature where a residual Pauling entropy persists. Upon light doping with KOH at low temperature, the transition to FE ice takes place, but its microscopic mechanism still needs clarification. We introduce a lattice model based on dipolar interactions plus a competing, frustrating term that enforces the ice rule (IR). In the absence of IR-breaking defects, standard Monte Carlo (MC) simulation leaves this ice model stuck in a state of disordered proton ring configurations with the correct Pauling entropy. A replica exchange accelerated MC sampling strategy succeeds, without open path moves, interfaces, or off-lattice configurations, in equilibrating this defect-free ice, reaching its low-temperature FE order through a well-defined first-order phase transition. When proton vacancies mimicking the KOH impurities are planted into the IR-conserving lattice, they enable standard MC simulation to work, revealing the kinetics of evolution of ice from proton disorder to partial FE order below the transition temperature. Replacing ordinary nucleation, each impurity opens up a proton ring generating a linear string, an actual FE hydrogen bond wire that expands with time. Reminiscent of those described for spin ice, these impurity-induced strings are proposed to exist in doped water ice too, where IRs are even stronger. The emerging mechanism yields a dependence of the long-time FE order fraction upon dopant concentration, and upon quenching temperature, that compares favorably with that known in real-life KOH doped ice.

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48

Javadinejad, Mahdi, Mohammad Mashayekhi, Mehdi Karevan, and Homayoun Hadavinia. "Using the Equivalent Fiber Approach in Two-Scale Modeling of the Elastic Behavior of Carbon Nanotube/Epoxy Nanocomposite." Nanomaterials 8, no. 9 (September 6, 2018): 696. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano8090696.

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In this study, the mechanical behavior of epoxy/carbon nanotubes (CNTs) nanocomposite is predicated by a two-scale modeling approach. At the nanoscale, a CNT, the interface between the CNT and the matrix and a layer of the matrix around the CNT are modeled and the elastic behavior of the equivalent fiber (EF) has been identified. The CNT/epoxy interface behavior is modeled by the Park–Paulino–Roesler (PPR) potential. At the microscale, the EFs are embedded in the matrix with the extracted elastic properties from the nanoscale model. The random pattern has been used for the dispersing of EFs in the representative volume element (RVE). The effect of CNTs agglomeration in the epoxy matrix has also been investigated at the micro level. The Young’s modulus of the nanocomposite was extracted from simulation of the RVE. CNT/epoxy nanocomposites at four different volume fractions were manufactured and the modeling results were validated by tensile tests. The results of the numerical models are in good agreement with the experiments and micromechanics theory, and by considering agglomeration of CNT in the model, the modeling results match with the experiments.

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Khaniani, Yeganeh, and Alireza Badiei. "Linnett Double Quartet Theory, Challenging the Pairing Electrons." E-Journal of Chemistry 6, no. 1 (2009): 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/489153.

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Linnett proposed his theory 45 years after Lewis's supposition. During these years Pauling, Mulliken and Hund made different molecular structure models based on valance bond and molecular orbital theory. Their theories were seemed to fit many experiences but had some inabilities. Linnett's double quartet theory could solved some important problems about stability of radicals, paramagnetism / diamagnetism in molecular systems, electronic structure in transition states and finally challenge of resonance and aromaticity. In this article we review some basic ideas and concepts concerning different models and then we give a detailed discussion of the LDQ and use it in diverse branches of chemistry.

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Nascimento, Marco Antonio Chaer. "The Valence-Bond (VB) Model and Its Intimate Relationship to the Symmetric or Permutation Group." Molecules 26, no. 15 (July 27, 2021): 4524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26154524.

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VB and molecular orbital (MO) models are normally distinguished by the fact the first looks at molecules as a collection of atoms held together by chemical bonds while the latter adopts the view that each molecule should be regarded as an independent entity built up of electrons and nuclei and characterized by its molecular structure. Nevertheless, there is a much more fundamental difference between these two models which is only revealed when the symmetries of the many-electron Hamiltonian are fully taken into account: while the VB and MO wave functions exhibit the point-group symmetry, whenever present in the many-electron Hamiltonian, only VB wave functions exhibit the permutation symmetry, which is always present in the many-electron Hamiltonian. Practically all the conflicts among the practitioners of the two models can be traced down to the lack of permutation symmetry in the MO wave functions. Moreover, when examined from the permutation group perspective, it becomes clear that the concepts introduced by Pauling to deal with molecules can be equally applied to the study of the atomic structure. In other words, as strange as it may sound, VB can be extended to the study of atoms and, therefore, is a much more general model than MO.

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