Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pauvres en milieu rural – Guatemala'
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Bellingeri, Fulvia Roberta. "L'influence du Programme spécial pour la sécurité alimentaire de la FAO, sur la situation alimentaire des Guatémaltèques, du point de vue des ménages participants." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27453/27453.pdf.
Full textGandin, Jérôme. "Vers une gouvernance environnementale locale et participative : le cas des communautés du bassin versant transfrontalier de l'Usumacinta." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29681/29681.pdf.
Full textContemporary societies face major and complex issues, such as the growing social and economic inequalities and the higher pressure on ecosystems around the world. To resolve these issues, or at least mitigate the effects, current thinking and decision making must be taken to a deeper level . In this perspective, this research aims at providing a theoretical, practical and methodological framework, which may ensure a local development combining environmental sustainability, economic viability and social equity. The research focuses on the case study of the alianza comunitaria para el desarrollo sostenible de la cuenca del rio Usumacinta (ACOCUMRU). It critically seeks to demonstrate that this community-based initiative in environmental protection and socioeconomic development at the scale of the Usumacinta river basin appears as an innovative strategy to ensure sustainability of the livelihoods. The research is based on the following question: "To what extent a community-based initiative can implement efficient livelihood strategies, while national governments are failing in this field since the last decades?" To answer this question, the research is grounded in a multidisciplinary research in the theoretical field of Political Ecology and follows the sustainable livelihoods approach (SLA). The perceptions of environmental changes and the expectations of local populations in terms of local development are analyzed through a set of mixed methods, which consist in a questionnaire, semi-structured interviews, focus groups, field observation and document review. The results show that this community-based initiative successfully gathered local populations around a common purpose and implemented benefit-shared projects, in spite of their cultural, social and economic differences as well as limited financial resources. As such, the ACOCUMRU enables local populations to move a step forward in the environmental protection and manage concrete and fruitful activities based on consensus and their own needs and expectations As a matter of fact, the ACOCUMRU triggers a social, economic and political dynamism, which defines the shape of a local environmental governance.
Las sociedades contemporáneas se enfrentan en las últimas décadas con grandes y complejos retos, como el aumento de las desigualdades sociales y económicas y el incremento de la presión sobre los ecosistemas a través del mundo. En este sentido, la solución, o por lo menos la mitigación de sus efectos, necesita un análisis profundo de los acercamientos que permiten la comprensión de estos retos y de las decisiones que los actores pueden tomar acerca de ellos. En esta perspectiva, esta tesis tiene como principal objetivo de proporcionar un marco, tanto teórico, práctico y metodológico, que pueda contribuir a la reflexión sobre el desarrollo local, en relación con la sostenibilidad ambiental, la viabilidad económica y la equidad social. Tomando la alianza comunitaria para el desarrollo sostenible de la cuenca del rio Usumacinta (ACOCUMRU) como caso de estudio, esta tesis pretende demostrar que la movilización de la población local de cara a la protección del medio ambiente y al desarrollo socioeconómico a través de la cuenca del Usumacinta constituye una estrategia innovadora que garantiza la sostenibilidad de sus medios de subsistencia. Así pues, la tesis responde a la siguiente pregunta: ¿hasta qué punto una iniciativa comunitaria a nivel de una cuenca internacional puede implementar estrategias eficaces de medios de vida sostenibles, dado que los gobiernos nacionales han fracasado en esta área en las últimas décadas? Para responder a esta interrogación, esta tesis se basa en una investigación multidisciplinaria en la línea del enfoque de los medios de vida sostenibles y se inscribe en el campo teórico de la ecología política. Las percepciones locales de los cambios ambientales y las expectativas de las comunidades en cuanto al desarrollo local han sido recolectadas por medio de una metodología que combina diversas técnicas: el cuestionario, la entrevista semi-estructurada, el grupo de discusión, la observación directa y la lectura de documentos. Los resultados muestran que esta iniciativa comunitaria ha sido un éxito. Por una parte, ha logrado reunir a la población local en torno a un objetivo común. En segundo lugar, ha permitido la elaboración de proyectos para el beneficio de la colectividad. A pesar de sus diferencias históricas, culturales, sociales y económicas, así como los recursos financieros limitados, los componentes de la población local han sido capaces de lograr consensos y de obtener medios para actuar a partir de sus propias necesidades y aspiraciones. Por último, su movilización en la ACOCUMRU ha promovido una dinámica económica, social y política, que muestra las posibilidades que presenta la gobernanza medioambiental local.
Pagès, Alexandre. "La pauvrete en milieu rural." Paris 5, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA054017.
Full textGerger, Christina. "Där nöden var som störst : en studie av fattigdom och fattigvård i en småländsk landbygdssocken åren 1835-1915 [i.e. 1815-1935] /." Stockholm : Univ, 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb370256714.
Full textRésumé en anglais. Bibliogr. p. 208-215. Les dates "1815-1935" du sous-titre sur la page de titre et la couverture sont erronées, l'erreur est signalée par l'erratum joint.
Gascon, Jean-François. "Pauvreté rurale et insécurité alimentaire au Rwanda : diagnostic, suivi et évaluation des opérations d'urgence et de développement en faveur des ménages agricoles les plus défavorisés." Tours, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOUR2030.
Full textThe study is carried on in Gikongoro prefecture in Rwanda. The first part of the document deals with diagnosis facts findings and the elaboration of the first hypothesis are undertaken. Next comes the study of the main problem - the occurring rural poverty - and the diversity of understanding of the subject. Collection of farmers opinion and finally the establishment of operational diagnostic end the first part. The second part undertake in the first instance matters relating to the planification of objectives, activity strategies and necessary resources leading to the operations and their follow-up. The production appraisal and the elementary situation leads us to mark the zones and social groups the exposed to poverty and food insecurity and the search of ways and means developmental operations such as agricultural extension. The third part deals with the evaluation of the impact of the emergency operations of the development on the farmers incomes. The measure by the workers themselves of the work done and money flow are dealt with the incomes accounting and consumption liable intervention on agricultural household. Finally, as a resultant of this follow-up evaluation, operations against poverty in Rwandese rural areas are proposed. Thus, in each of these three parts, occur on one side, elements of methodological order explaining procedures and tools used and, on the other hand, results of investigations carried on illustrating questions dealt with
Mirr, Simone. "Médecine des pauvres dans les campagnes du Languedoc au XVIIIe siècle." Montpellier 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON11126.
Full textDao, Thi Hoang Mai. "Le développement des capabilités sociales des pauvres comme moyen d'accession à l'économie de marché : le cas des communautés rurales au Vietnam." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009VERS021S.
Full textPoverty reduction is always one of the first aspirations of the Vietnamese government. Since 1992, Vietnamese government has promulgated a comprehensive strategy in economic development and poverty reduction. Efforts on economic growth of Vietnam are considered as a target for the poor (UNDP, 2005). However, people who have left poverty may also return to it because the distance between the poor and the non-poor is narrow. Many of them do not have a regular income and savings. Thus, it is necessary to reduce the poverty not only in quantitative terms but also in qualitative ones. A majority of the poor in Vietnam lives in rural areas. So, there is a strong connection between poverty reduction and agriculture. Vietnam is presently in the context of a transition from a subsidized economy to a market economy. The transition from a system of self-subsidize production to a system that produces for the market is the main objective of agriculture and rural development. Some studies showed that many households in Vietnam, especially in the Northern areas do not participate to the market. A majority of these households is constituted of poor producers. There are many difficulties that prevent poor people from participating in the market, such as the lack of capital, technology or information. In other words, they do not have enough capabilities. This research examines the role of social and collective capabilities among the poor to improve their access to the market. It also tries to answer to the question of how to reinforce these capabilities by analyzing the intermediary role of social institutions in order to encourage the participation of the poor in the market
Diarra, Ibrahim. "Dynamique de la pauveté en milieu rural agricole ivoirien." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAD003/document.
Full textThe notion of poverty has been the subject of much debate around the world. Previous analyses have emphasized the one-dimensional character based essentially on a monetary approach (income or consumption expenditure). Thanks to the work of some authors such as Townsend and Sen, the multidimensional character is highlighted, considering the difficulty of quantifying certain variables that translated the idea of lack. In addition, many empirical studies show that the rural sector remains the most affected by poverty.In the case of Côte d'Ivoire, poverty is also a rural phenomenon and most studies have focused on the monetary approach.This study addresses the analysis of poverty by focusing on rural farming and apprehends the phenomenon of poverty from three (03) approaches: (i) monetary; (ii) relative deprivation and (iii) wealth.The results show that poverty remains important in this sector with a high rate for the indicator of the relative deprivation. In addition, there is greater monetary inequality than other types of poverty whatever the year (2002 and 2008).The identification of the explanatory factors of the membership or not in the class of the poor shows that the variables related to the gender, to the type of religion and the age group are the most common in the various years and various approaches.Based on the obtained results , the following recommendations are formulated: (i) towards the Ivorian government, use monetary and non-monetary approaches in next analyses on poverty in Côte d’Ivoire; emphasize the construction of new infrastructures and the purchase of new equipment; improve communication about government actions; build the capacity of producers to use improved inputs and relevant tools; (ii) to agricultural producers, adopt agricultural technologies and techniques and quality inputs, accept to join cooperative enterprises; (iii) for cooperatives, it is necessary to look for outlets for its members, to negotiate better remunerations for agricultural productions, to transform farmers into real agricultural entrepreneurs
Sow, El Hadji. "Les enjeux sociaux du discours sur la pauvreté en milieu rural sénégalais : perceptions du phénomène et production de normes à Niakhar et à Bakel." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010530.
Full textGachassin, Marie Castaing. "Transport et développement en Afrique : on the road (again?)." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010046.
Full textMünch-Mertz, Eveline. "La Médecine cantonale ou médecine des pauvres au XIXe siècle, 1825-1870 : l'exemple haut-rhinois." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR30063.
Full textThis study is concerned with the establishment of medical care for the poor provided on a district (canton) level in nineteenth century france and focuses specifically on the haut-rhin county (département). Inspired by liberal, philanthropic and even romantic trends, the aim of this form of medical practice was to provide free and professional health care for the poor in urban and rural districts under the supervision of the county administration, implemented by appointed poor law medical officers and practitioners. This organisation was part of a larger network of private or public institutions whose aim it was to relieve the suffering of the poor whose expectations in this matter are largely unknown. Despite the limits of medicine as a science at the time, a pervading scepticism and financial difficulties, nineteenth century organised medical care for the poor foreshadows the structure of modern medical aid providing quality health care for all and easy access to the medical practitioner
Couineau, Catherine. "L' Inscription spatiale de la pauvreté : Le cas de Strasbourg et du Bas-Rhin." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR1GEO4.
Full textMagnagna, Nguema Viviane. "Croissance de l'agriculture paysanne et équilibre général de l'économie gabonaise : évaluation des politiques à l'aide d'un modèle d'équilibre général calculable." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010028.
Full textChiodi, Vera. "Quatre essais d'économie appliquée : le cas de l'Amérique latine." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0158.
Full textThis thesis proposes to carry out an empirical analysis of four development topics for Iwo Latin American countries. The first chapter aims at analyzing the rationale of the monetary fragmentation in Argentina. Results show that after controlling for unobserved heterogeneity at the provincial level fiscal constraints appear to be the driving mechanism behind the emergence of these currencies. Chapter 2 analyses how the Mexican Oportunidades program will influence the economic choices of the rural poor and introduces a spatial analysis. The main contribution is to indicate that the magnitude of the impact of investments in education will be influenced by assets and location, Chapter 3 presents empirical non-parametric and parametric strategies to test for the existence of poverty traps in rural Mexico. Econometric analysis over 1997-2006 reveals significant nonlinearity in the dynamics of the assets holdings at the household level. We find evidence of a threshold effect although some observations may apply. Finally, using the same panel data of rural households in Mexico, chapter 4 studies the link between migration, remittances and productive assets accumulation. The main contribution of this chapter is to show that migration accelerates productive asset accumulation. We frame the empirical results within a two period model of investment and migration decisions
Randriamanampisoa, Holimalala. "Microcrédit et gestion des risques, une grille de lecture par les capabilités : le cas des ménages ruraux des hautes terres de Madagascar." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON10068.
Full textThis thesis contributes to debates regarding the effectiveness of microcredit on poverty and on the indicators to be used in its impact assessments. Our problem is then presented as follows: What is the role of microcredit in risk management to enable rural people to improve their capability and be less vulnerable? To answer this question, we consider that microcredit goes well beyond a simple financial tool to become a policy of expanding the opportunities and resources available to the poor to improve their "capabilities". Our research proposes to examine the link between microcredit and multidimensional poverty while integrating both the concepts of risk and vulnerability. In this perspective, the impact of microcredit should not only consider poverty as insufficient income and material resources, but also like the feeling of vulnerability and insecurity. We analyze the relationship between poverty and microcredit by using Sen’s approach of capabilities. We mobilize for this study four dimensions of capabilities: security, production, human and financial. From the data of the impact of the microfinance organization "CECAM" in Madagascar, the empirical results with the use of Multiple Correspondence Factor Analysis shows that the capability approach highlights the some aspects of poverty which are not captured by methods based only on monetary approaches. Econometric regression allows us to establish a direct link between microcredit and capabilities. Indeed, the main variable of interest Amount of microcredit indicates an improved level of capability of households. Some control variables such as number of years of membership, gender of household head and shocks improve production capabilities while other control variables such as level of education of household head and expenditure impact of family life weaken the capabilities of rural households in the Malagasy highlands
Sanfo, Safiétou. "Politiques publiques agricoles et lutte contre la pauvreté au Burkina Faso : le cas de la région du Plateau central." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010023.
Full textRousseau, Sophie. "L'analyse des vulnérabilités par l'approche des capabilités : le cas des villages ruraux de Madagascar." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005VERS003S.
Full textConsidering the current problems of poverty, both in developing and developed countries, a new obligation has really to be taken into account ; that is to be able to detect people very likely to see their situation getting worse or more particularly becoming poor. Some households are more vulnerable than others and not everyone is capable of coping with difficulties. This is what is called notion of "vulnerability". Generally speaking, vulnerability is the probability of seeing one's situation or one's living conditions getting worse or sinking , whatever the level of wealth to face the life's fluctuations. To analyse vulnerability, not only has the threat to be identified, i. E the global risk each household or person may suffer from, but also the capability of reaction, i. E. All the own capabilities of a person or a household, which will help them to be able to resist the negative effects of the change and improve the situation. This resistance is the asset for the household to face adversity. In this context, Sen's capabilities approach seems to be the basic reference. It highlights the most efficient way to reduce poverty by improving the capabilities of people in the long term. Then, reducing vulnerability by preventive policies of fighting poverty makes the increase of safety of people possible, fitting in with the goal of durable social development. We tried to highlight the capabilities that made the difference between households' resilience and vulnerability when facing the effects of a cyclone. Then we will establish a classification of households according to their vulnerability and poverty taking into account their own characteristics
Msaid, Youcef. "Allocation stratégique des transferts gouvernementaux au Mexique entre 1997 et 2000 : une analyse de durée." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26498/26498.pdf.
Full textQuiroga, Eduardo. "Le rôle des institutions dans le processus du changement technologique : étude de cas du Salvador." Paris 8, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA081141.
Full textThis research attempts to advance the understanding of the complex interaction between technology and institutions within the framework of a case study in el salvador. The first objective was to examine, during the period under analysis, the agricultural institutional process. The second objective was to evaluate the actual results obtained by the minifundia from the irrigation introduction. The third objective was to articulate a model which could explain why the project fell short of expectations. The immiserating technological change model applicable to traditional agricultural structures is presented
Dunouhaud, Cécile. "Soulager, éduquer, contrôler : l'assistance en Haute-Vienne au XIXème siècle (1815-1914)." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040069.
Full textSince the demonstration of Alain Corbin, Haute-Vienne is well known as a poor country. Located at the west of the Massif central, the region offers all the features of poverty. The aim of this study is to present the means to remedy the poverty in this country. Besides, we hereby analyse the evolution of this policy between 1815 and 1914. The charity offices, the economical stoves, the begging dumps are many solutions which are offered to the public administration in order to solve problems link to poverty. Until 1870, all these social structures are managed by men who are nourished by charity and Catholicism. The passage in years 18801890 towards a municipality from left represents well a rupture in the management of the social and administrative structures. The main problem deals with the assistance are illustrated by the rise of provident societies whose the purpose is to educate the population in order to help them avoid poverty. The end of the 19th century allows us to clarify the knowledge relating to structures such as orphanages, nurseries, asylums and old people’s homes. To conclude, this research underlines ther gap between town and countryside concerning the management and perception of poverty
Robilliard, Anne-Sophie. "Trois outils pour l'étude d'une économie agricole pauvre : microéconométrie, modèle d'équilibre général calculable et microsimulaton appliqués à Madagascar." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010023.
Full textRobert, Pierre. "Une économie politique de la pauvreté énergétique : le cas du Sénégal." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL12017.
Full textThis thesis presents an analysis of the energy poverty in Senegal, from a political economy point of view. Our research aims at analyzing this phenomenon by looking at the energy consumption (effective demand) in relation with energy needs (social demand). The institutional theoretical framework of this thesis allows us to identify and articulate these two aspects: In the first instance, with the help of the Convention Economics we will show that the social demand for energy may be analyzed with the help of an energy services convention. This convention supports the state’s course of action in the energy sector. We study the dynamics of this convention through a historical analysis of the public policies for more than a century. In the second instance, we will use the Sen capabilities approach and “sustainable rural livelihood” in order to contemplate the social demand with two case studies in rural areas. The empirical work involves studying points of vulnerability and the energetic circumstances of households, thanks to fieldwork led in the groundnut basin and in the Niayes zone. We will show two main results: First, we demonstrate that the rural populations are the most affected by the energy poverty in Senegal as they are not involved in the political process formulating the social demand. Second, we show that the process of energy access starts with a degradation of the energy natural resources, leading to an institutionalisation of the scarcity and ultimately leading to an expansion of market relations
Ramanantseheno, Domoina. "La microfinance au service d’une agriculture durable, illusion ou réalité ? : le cas de Madagascar (région de l’Itasy)." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA111015.
Full textIn the Less Advanced Countries, the agricultural sector is constituted not only by more than half of the rural population but also by over 60% of the active population. The majority of the poor rural people obtain their main resource incomes from the agricultural activities. The agricultural development could thus be considered as an attenuation factor of the poverty. However, the problem of the financial support toward the small family agricultural exploitation in the Less Advanced Countries still remains an unsolved issue.If microfinance is considered to be a tool for reducing poverty in any activity sector where it is used, then the optimal effect of its implementation should be observed in the area where the majority of poor population is located. So, the agricultural sector of the Less Advanced Countries becomes a privileged field of this experimentation. The challenge that the microfinance has to face is not only to provide financial support to the farmers for allowing them to increase their productivity, but also to promote an agriculture contributing to the environment.As a result, the specific role of the microfinance in the field of agriculture, in particularly for the small family agricultural exploitation in the Less Advanced Countries is questioned.Will the microfinance be able to present itself as an alternative for the issue of the financial support toward the family farms or will it be just an illusion?
Nogueira, Junior Dario de Azevedo. "L'interférence des mouvements sociaux dans l'ordre du jour des médiasLe cas du Mouvement des sans-terre au Brésil entre avril 1996 et avril 1997." Paris 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA020005.
Full textBleil, Susana. "Engagement corps et âmes : vies et luttes des sans terre dans le sud du Brésil." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0120.
Full textIn the 1980's a social movement called Landless Workers Movement (MST) which emerged in Brazil’s rural areas contributed to attract a great deal of public attention to the issue of agrarian reform. How has this Movement endured, preserved its inner cohesion and achieved continue support of part of the Brazilian population? Based on a field study conducted in a so-called assentamento in South Brazil, this thesis analyses the nature and strength of engagement among the militants of this movement together with the way this is articulated with the emergence of a new identity. The Movement leaders play a fundamental role in the process of identity reconstruction of new activists. In addition, the importance of building visibility in the process of collective action is highlighted. It is precisely in times of confrontation between first-hand experience and media-generated images that a real possibility of building a positive identity emerges. The struggle for the acknowledgement of this identity includes the prescription of strict rules of action as well as powerful control mechanisms, constantly reaffirmed to prevent all forms of violence, which in a wider context, take part in the inseparable political and communitary culture created in the heart of the Movement. In the case of landless farmers, the nourishment of these convictions cannot be dissociated from the constant creation of this new collective identity. In celebratory moments called mistica, the members of the community are invited to escape from the hardships of their everyday life to share the joys of belonging to a thriving group
Zaepfel, Christophe. "Démo-géographie de la précarité et de la pauvreté." Phd thesis, Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux IV, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00763189.
Full textPons-Vignon, Nicolas. "Se tuer à la tâche : économie politique de la sous-traitance dans le secteur forestier sud-africain." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0123.
Full textThis study shows that the outsourcing implemented in the South African forestry sector since the 1980s, in which vertical integration has been replaced with a myriad of entrepreneurs, has weakened it economically. Rather than an unfortunate consequence, the casualization of workers has acted as a central motive to restructure. Restructuring has taken the form of chain-subcontracting relying on task payment in which wages are the leavings of profits. The inability of workers to organise collectively has allowed the large downstream transformation companies which dominate the sector to re-assert their authoritarian power over the labour process; they had feared to lose it when union mobilisation took place in the 1980s. The originality of this ‘extended case study’ is that it has adopted a perspective from below, putting workers at the heart of the analysis. This approach has shown the restructuring of the South African economy from the point of view of those who are most affected by it – workers –, but whose invisibility reflects the resistance to recognise the violence of capitalist relations of production in rural areas. The disarray of forestry workers does not prevent the plantations from being certified for their good social record. Dominant approaches to poverty, which seek to abstract it from the relations of production and reproduction which generate it, are not only useless but harmful for the poor. The form of casualization to which they are submitted leaves forestry workers with little margin for resistance, whether individual or collective
Leseur, Yanez Jany. "Microfinance et accès aux énergies renouvelables pour le développement durable des zones rurales dans les pays en voie de développement." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010270.
Full textMbima, Césaire. "Inégalités de revenus des ménages ruraux à Madagascar." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR010/document.
Full textMadagascar is a country rich in natural resources, but its population is poor and lives in a significant income gap. This thesis deals with the issue of "household income inequalities in rural areas in Madagascar", in order to clarify this phenomenon which, on the one hand, ruin the rural population and on the other hand, weakens the country's stability and the economic performance. Covering a five-year period of repeated observations, this thesis focuses on data from 667 households, from a balanced panel. The thesis traces the calculation process of farmers’ income and “inequality threshold”. Adopting linear and non-linear models, it endeavors to specify and estimate determinants that increase or reduce the wealth gap within and between observatories of the Central East Coast of Madagascar. Income inequalities of rural households are found in Betsimisaraka rural society. They are multifaceted. More than eight out of ten households live in the “area of unequal poors”. The farmers in Mahanoro are poorer and suffer more inequalities than in Fenerive Est. However, inside the observatory, the situation slightly tends to increase over time. For a rather homogeneous population living in alarming poverty, the inequalities between poor households are not too high. The results of econometric models argue that the good annual production of rice reduces income disparities, whereas the feminine gender and the education level of the household head, the small size of rice area along with the investment, the financial deposit, the hoarding, the "No savings", the debt, the secondary income, the GDP and the political crisis contribute to greater income inequalities
El, Nour Saker. "Dynamiques contemporaines de la pauvreté dans l’Égypte rurale : cas de Nazlet Salmân." Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100046.
Full textThis thesis is based on a qualitative approach to study the dynamic of poverty in the egyptian countryside, through the case study of the village of Nazlet Salmân, located in the Asyut governorate, in Upper Egypt. This study was initially aimed at understanding the nature of the dynamic of poverty at the level of the domestic group, and analyzed these dynamics or changes on a variety of scales (micro and macro). For this study, the social construction of poverty has been used as the theoretical framework. The study showed that the concept of poverty among the village poor is mainly based on local considerations that play a key role in the “identification and definition” of the one who is poor and the one who is not, according to a set of criteria based on the evaluation of access to resources, income, expenditure and social status. Also, the concept adopted by the State is defective, and despite the intersection with the local concept of “income”, it does not include resources, but is limited only to “extreme poverty”. The main objective sought by the poor is to achieve social stability and security. In fact it relies on multiple strategies based on the diversification of means of income and employment inside and outside the agricultural sector, the labour migration, the exploitation of both the individuals and the family resources to achieve it. Each time a family’s land disappears or diminishes, this family experiences more social instability and insecurity. The study has shown also the role the state played in the peasant’s impoverishment through its agricultural politics and its vision of development which did not meet the poor’s needs and desires
Cognard, Françoise. "" Migrations d'agrément " et nouveaux habitants dans les moyennes montagnes françaises : de la recomposition sociale au développement territorial. L'exemple du Diois, du Morvan et du Séronais." Phd thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CLF20003.
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