Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pavement condition index'

Thesis (M.S. in Civil Engineering)--University of Washington, 1992.
Missing pages A3, A7, A8, A10-A26, A28-A45. "March 1992." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 7, 2009. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print.

Previous studies show that pavement condition properties are significant factors to enhance road safety and riding experience, and pavements with low quality might have inadequate performance in terms of safety and riding experience. Pavement Management System (PMS) databases include pavement properties for each segment of the road collected by the agencies. Understanding the impact of road characteristics on crash frequency is a key step to prevent crashes. Whereas other studies analyzed the effect of different characteristics such as International Roughness Index (IRI), Rutting Depth (RD), Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT), this thesis analyzed the effect of Critical Condition Index (CCI) on crash frequency, in addition to the other factors identified in previous studies. Other characteristics such as Percentage of Heavy Vehicles, Road Surface Condition, Road Lighting Condition, and Driver Conditions are taken into the consideration. The scope of the study is the interstate highway system in Fairfax County, Virginia. Negative Binomial, Least Square and Nominal Logistic Models were developed, showing that the CCI value is a significant factor to predict the number of crashes, and that it has different effect for different values of AADT. The result of this study is a substantial step towards developing an integrated transportation control and infrastructure management framework.
Master of Science
Many factors cause crashes in the roads. Although there is a common sense that road characteristics such as asphalt quality are important in terms of road safety, there are few studies that scientifically prove that statement. In addition, asphalt maintenance decisions making process is mainly based on cost benefit optimization, and traffic safety is not considered at the process. The purpose of this study is to analyze crashes and road characteristics related to each crash to understand the effect of those characteristics on crash frequency, and eventually, to build a model to predict the number of crashes at each part of the road. The model can help transportation agencies to have a better understanding in terms of safety consequences of their infrastructure management plans. The scope of this study is the highway interstate system in Northern Virginia. Results suggest that pavement condition has a significant impact on crash frequency.

The United States relies on its vast network of roadways to transport people, goods, and services across the nation. These roads need to be maintained to an acceptable level in order to effectively provide a safe, reliable, and efficient road. The use of infrastructure management systems (IMS) has aided in keeping an inventory of existing roads, identifying assets in need of repair, and assisting in allocating funds for maintenance, repair, and rehabilitation.

The current practice in the United States has shown a lack of consistency in the way assets are rated in each state. Individual states have employed their own methodology for rating each asset type. This makes comparison of assets between states difficult. Several methods in use have provided a way to effectively rate an asset, but no method exists that can be used to compare ratings in different states.

To successfully maintain the network of roads across the United States, a method to assess assets between states is necessary. Consistency between states in their data collection, rating calculation, and rating reporting are all necessary to identify poor sections of roadway. Another useful reporting item will be a condition rating of all the assets contained within a corridor. A corridor is a series of travel routes which move people between two major points of interest.

By analyzing corridor level condition ratings, it will be possible to examine the overall condition of all the corridor sections across the nation and identify sections that need assistance in raising their condition.

The objective of this thesis was to develop a framework for rating assets at the corridor level. The framework was developed to be applied to any asset contained within a roadway and allow the combination of individual asset ratings into a single corridor rating. The final methodology not only reports the overall corridor condition, but the functional and structural health of each individual asset, the rating of all of an asset type within a corridor, and performance indicators for individual items on a single asset.

The methodology was tested using data provided by the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) to test if the methodology would produce ratings similar to those in use. For the application methods were developed for two major roadway assets; pavements and bridges.

The product of this thesis is a general framework which can be applied to roadway corridors to assess the overall condition of all the assets contained within the corridorâ s boundaries. It can be used in conjunction with an IMS to help improve and maintain the overall condition of the roads, which are critical to the United States. Without unification of condition rating methods into a single method it will never be possible to compare assets from every state in the nation.
Master of Science

Este trabalho teve como objetivo pesquisar a tipologia e as possíveis causas da ocorrência das patologias em pavimentos de concreto armado, bem como verificar a aplicabilidade e analisar criticamente os métodos de avaliação do estado funcional destes pavimentos. São apresentados os tipos e os graus de severidade das patologias descritas no método do United States Corps of Engineers (USACE), bem como os métodos de avaliação da superfície dos pavimentos de concreto, dentre eles, o índice internacional de irregularidade (International Roughness Index - IRI), o quociente de irregularidade (QI), o valor da serventia atual (VSA) e a avaliação subjetiva e objetiva do índice de condição do pavimento (ICP). A aplicação prática se concentrou nos estudos de caso de quatro pavimentos de concreto armado, sendo um pavimento urbano e três pavimentos industriais, realizando a avaliação detalhada das patologias existentes nos pavimentos em serviço, com posterior cálculo do valor do ICP. Foi avaliada também a irregularidade longitudinal (IRI), com um perfilômetro inercial, no estudo de caso do pavimento urbano, com o intuito de verificar se este método apresenta correlação com o critério do ICP para o caso dos pavimentos de concreto armado como indicador de desempenho. Os levantamentos permitiram verificar valores intermediários de ICP para os pavimentos analisados e que tal situação é decorrente principalmente de falhas construtivas. Os defeitos catalogados no manual do ICP são suficientes para descrição das patologias encontradas durante os levantamentos. Com o auxílio de uma maior quantidade de levantamentos seria possível estabelecer relações entre ICP e IRI sendo que a relação encontrada com base no universo estudado foi fraca, embora aponte uma tendência. O trabalho enfatiza o estudo e a aplicabilidade do método de avaliação objetiva do USACE que é amplamente empregado nos E.U.A. Por fim discute possível relação entre os valores do ICP e do IRI no caso estudado.
This research aimed to verify types and possible causes for the occurrence of distresses in reinforced concrete pavements as well as to verify the applicability and critically examine the methods for assessment of the functional condition for such pavements. It is presented the distresses types and its severity levels described by the method of the United States Corps of Engineers (USACE), as well as the methods for surface evaluation of concrete pavements, including the international roughness index (IRI), the quarter of car index (QI), the present serviceability ratio (PSR) and subjective and objective evaluation of the pavement condition index (PCI). The practice study focused in four cases of reinforced concrete pavements, an urban pavement and three industrials floors, consisting on detailed field evaluation of distresses with subsequent determination of PCI for several pavement sections. It was carried out a field measurement of IRI using an inertial profiler for the case of urban pavement, in order to verify whether this method could reflect the actual the performance of reinforced pavement concrete. The performed surveys allowed understanding that most of cases with low PCI values are due to constructive fails. The list of distresses suggested by PCI manual is suffice to identify the distresses found out during the surveys. However it shall be required a large amount of field surveys in order to define better correlation between PCI and IRI in view of the current results.

Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de aplicar o Modelo de Tavakoli, que é um modelo de gerência de pavimentos para vias urbanas, para análise de priorização de vias urbanas em cidade de médio porte. Para isso se utilizou um estudo de campo previamente realizado pela Prefeitura Municipal de Suzano e pelo Laboratório de Mecânica de Pavimentos da Universidade de São Paulo no município de Suzano, no ano de 2007, com o qual foi criado um banco de dados das vias do município. Naquele estudo foi empregado o modelo HDM-4 do Banco Mundial para a priorização de intervenções de manutenção nas vias públicas. No presente trabalho buscou-se elaborar um estudo comparativo entre aquela solução e a solução atingida pelo modelo de Tavakoli para um mesmo conjunto de vias. Para este trabalho o Modelo de Tavakoli foi adaptado para planilhas eletrônicas e aplicado em um conjunto de seções de pavimentos, permitindo a determinação de uma lista de prioridades de intervenções. Posteriormente, essas intervenções foram simuladas para o mesmo conjunto de vias, buscando a priorização dos serviços, com o modelo HDM-4 versão 1.0. Através deste trabalho foi possível concluir que os dois critérios estudados podem ser úteis para gerenciar vias urbanas, pois priorizaram as intervenções necessárias nas vias urbanas analisadas. Foi possível verificar que o Modelo de Tavakoli se revelou mais conservador, por ser um critério fechado, com um índice de prioridades dependendo diretamente do índice da condição do pavimento e do volume diário médio de tráfego, afetando diretamente a classificação das seções. No Modelo HDM-4 a classificação das seções e os valores de irregularidade não tiveram uma sincronia, pois o HDM-4 é um modelo de critérios abertos, que permite ao usuário acrescentar vários parâmetros, e com estes foi possível reproduzir uma situação um pouco mais próxima da realidade.
This study was conceived in order to apply the Tavakoli Model, which is a pavement management system for urban roads, aiming the analysis of prioritization of urban streets in a mid-sized city. A field study previously conducted by Suzano City and the Pavements Mechanics Laboratory of the University of São Paulo in Suzano City in 2007 was used, from which was created a database of the towns streets. In that study, the Highway Design and Management (HDM-4) Model of the World Bank was employed for prioritizing maintenance work on public roads. In this study it was sought to develop a comparative study between the mentioned solution and the one reached by Tavakolis Model in the same set of roads. In this research the Tavakoli Model was adapted for the spreadsheets and applied to a set of pavement sections, allowing the determination of a priority list of interventions including the specific type of intervention for each segment. Subsequently, these same types of strategies or interventions were simulated for the same set of paths, seeking the prioritization, with HDM-4 Model version 1.0. Through this research it was possible to conclude that both criteria studied can be useful for managing urban roads, because they prioritized the necessary interventions in the urban roads analyzed. The Tavakoli Model proved to be more conservative, on account of being a closed criterion, with a priority index depending directly on the pavement condition index and average daily volume of traffic, affecting the classification of the sections directly as well. In the HDM-4 Model, the classification of the sections and values of the International Roughness Index did not match, due to HDM-4 being an open criteria model, which allows the user to add several parameters, and they can lead to more realistic report.

O Índice de Condição do Pavimento (ICP), também apresentado como um índice de defeitos combinados, é, em muitos Sistemas de Gerência de Pavimentos Urbanos (SGPU), o único indicador da qualidade do pavimento dos segmentos que compõem a malha viária. Este trabalho é baseado em conceitos gerais, utilizando os tipos de defeito de pavimentos flexíveis do Programa SHRP (Strategic Highway Research Program), bem como a forma de quantificação da severidade e extensão com que se manifestam na superfície dos pavimentos, mas propõe um novo método para determinação de um Índice de Condição de Pavimentos Urbanos (ICPU), que considera as condições particulares de projeto, materiais, técnicas construtivas, controle de qualidade e políticas de manutenção e reabilitação da cidade em que está sendo implantado. O cálculo do ICPU é desenvolvido em três etapas, em que primeira calcula o peso por tipo de defeito, a partir de questionários preenchidos por profissionais da área de infraestrutura de transportes. A segunda etapa define fatores de ponderação para os pesos, por tipo de defeito e em função da severidade. A terceira e última etapa do método consiste na análise de correlação entre segmentos representativos da malha viária urbana em análise, o que, no estudo de caso desenvolvido neste trabalho, utilizou 10.402 de um total de 111.497 segmentos do Distrito Federal do Brasil, distribuídos entre as trinta regiões administrativas, incluindo Brasília, que foram avaliadas, subjetiva e objetivamente, nos anos de 2010 a 2012, pela Companhia Urbanizadora da Nova Capital do Brasil (NOVACAP), e que permite a determinação dos fatores de ponderação em função da extensão, por tipo de defeito.
The Pavement Condition Index (PCI), also presented as an index of combined defects, is, in many Urban Pavement Management Systems (UPMS), the only indicator of pavement condition for the segments of the urban roadway network. This work is based on general concepts, using the flexible pavement distress types of the SHRP Program (Strategic Highway Research Program), as well as the way to evaluate the severity and extent to which they manifest on the pavement surface, but proposing a new method for determining an Urban Pavement Condition Index (UPCI), which considers the particular conditions of design, materials, construction techniques, quality control and policies of maintenance rehabilitation of the city in which it is being implemented. The calculation of the UPCI is developed in three stages, in which the first calculates the weight by defect type, from questionnaires completed by professionals in the transport infrastructure area. The second stage sets weighting factors for the weights by distress type depending on the severity. The third and final step of the method consists in the analysis of correlation between representative segments of the urban roadway network in question, which, in the case study developed in this study, used a total of 10,402 among 111,497 segments of the Federal District of Brazil, distributed among the thirty administrative regions, including Brasilia, which were evaluated subjectively and objectively, in the years 2010-2012, by the Urbanization Company of the New Capital of Brazil (NOVACAP), which allows the determination of the weighting factors depending on of the distress type as a function of the extension.

Pavements require maintenance in order to provide good service levels during their life period. Because of the significant costs of this operation and the importance of a proper planning, a pavement evaluation methodology, named Pavement Condition Index (PCI), was created by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. This methodology allows for the evaluation of the pavement condition along the life period, generally yearly, with minimum costs and, in this way, it is possible to plan the maintenance action and to adopt adequate measures, minimising the rehabilitation costs. The PCI methodology provides an evaluation based on visual inspection, namely on the distresses observed on the pavement. This condition index of the pavement is classified from 0 to 100, where 0 it is the worst possible condition and 100 the best possible condition. This methodology of pavement assessment represents a significant tool for management methods such as airport pavement management system (APMS) and life-cycle costs analysis (LCCA). Nevertheless, it has some limitations which can jeopardize the correct evaluation of the pavement behavior. Therefore the objective of this dissertation is to help reducing its limitations and make it easier and faster to use. Thus, an automated process of PCI calculation was developed, avoiding the abaci consultation, and consequently, minimizing the human error. To facilitate also the visual inspection a Tablet application was developed to replace the common inspection data sheet and thus making the survey easier to be undertaken. Following, an airport pavement condition was study accordingly with the methodology described at Standard Test Method for Airport Pavement Condition Index Surveys D5340, 2011 where its original condition level is compared with the condition level after iterate possible erroneous considered distresses as well as possible rehabilitations. Afterwards, the results obtained were analyzed and the main conclusions presented together with some future developments.

碩士
國立成功大學
土木工程學系專班
94
In the road protect or maintain the work, now for spread to face to damage a condition to carry on to evaluate a work is have an equal and important role, because the road supervisor organization can take into for currently spreading condition now right of valuation and control, can spread to face by sound judgment not only current puncture situation, estimate or estimate to spread to face possible usage term and break of trend, draft road to spread to face then and in order to of protect, maintain the need mechanism, establish pertinent protect, repair project. The exploitation the Pavement Condition Index, PCI in this research to evaluate the quality of the road service present condition, and make use of two sets to have professional back ground of civil engineering, and through dissimilarity hour count it spread to face physically train of examine a personnel now, and is classified into the value that get the measurement to the experiment set and matched control, examine a personnel now to dissimilarity for the different road grade, adopt united of examination method, quantity etc.

碩士
明新科技大學
土木工程與環境資源管理研究所
100
ABSTRACT The airport is maintenance aircraft of normal operation, pipe's unit must maintain and ensure that the airport pavement functional, structural and safety of sound. Routine pavement investigation work is done by a cruise car. If serious pavement damage is found which might endanger flight safety in the investigation, necessary maintenance actions have to be taken according to the damage situation so that the current damage can be well repaired, finally, pavement service performance can be enhanced and pavement use lifetime can be lengthened. In addition, the domestic airports mostly are shared for the army and the citizen. Base on national defense, and air force Mirage 2000 and F-16 and the planes of the IDF are set up. The requirements of runway performance and repair are enhanced, and spend high cost for maintenance. The safety of aviation is based on airport facilities no matter military or civil vehicle. If closing airport to proceed pavement maintaining, it will certainly influence civil aviation’s business and air force fighting capacity. It is obvious that pavement maintaining is quite important subject of the management of the airport, especially it is the task of top priority at present how to set up the suitable pavement maintaining regulations. Therefore, this research is base on the pavement condition index (PCI) of Hsin-chu airport and applies regression mode to set up the predictable model. From the result, the taxiway and airplane field should be maintained every year in order to keep them on the optimum state.

碩士
國立中央大學
土木工程研究所
92
With the society of Taiwan develops rapidly, the roads develop rapidly, too. In the condition that all kinds of roads in Taiwan developed well, the road projects changed from the roads are going up to the roads are maintained and managed. The maintaining and managing department’s business changes form checked before acceptance to surveyed the pavement condition. It’s helpful to maintain and manage all kinds of cracks and conditions about the pavement and provide high service quality to service the public. Surveying Pavement Condition Index is the most important thing in the pavement condition surveys by the standard of ASTM D 6433-99. It’s main surveying completeness of the pavement structure and the condition of the surface service quality to provide objective and reasonable foundation for the policies of maintaining and managing the pavement. According to the standard of ASTM D 6433-99, the most traditional way of the PCI surveys is that PCI is recorded by writing and determination the condition through visual surveys, and it needs quantities of manpower and time to survey. Because the defects could be offset by the progress of computer, we often use computers to assist in the PCI surveys. We also use digital camera’s characteristic to assist in collecting pavement condition that show the cracks of roads. We use GPS to provide the coordinate of the crack of the road. Because the way of the PCI surveys is through visual surveys, the errors of the PCI surveys’ result occur by grader’s subject. We used analysis of variance (ANOVA) to analyze the relation between the results of different graders, roads and the ways to the PCI surveys. And we use sensibility analysis to all kinds of cracks in the standard of the PCI surveys to get the most important factor that effected upon the result of the PCI surveys. Finally, we decrease the events of the standard of ASTM D 6433-99. What we estimated for the five events of the PCI surveys of the countryside roads in Taoyuan country is the opening and potholes, patching and utility cut patching, alligator cracking, longitudinal and transverse cracking, vary of the pavement. We estimated for the asphalt pavement of the freeway, the roads of the province, the roads of the county, the roads of the country, the roads of the urban. Because the maintaining and managing about the asphalt pavement of the freeway and the roads of the province was easier then the roads of the county, the roads of the country, the roads of the urban, the cracks can be dealt with soon. The asphalt pavement of the freeway and the roads of the province that the condition grade was good only was occurred cracks of the weathering and raveling, because the weather in Taiwan was hot and rainy. We survey one more event of the crack that is the weathering and raveling on the asphalt pavement of the freeway and the roads of the province.

碩士
國立臺北科技大學
土木與防災技術研究所
91
The study of pavement management maintenance system, referring to the relative experience and documents of Taiwan or other countries, is for the requirement of the domestic pavement maintenance budget and the discussion of the principle of allot policy. According to experts interview and inquiry investigation, the study makes a model for the urban network of pavement management system、pavement evaluation and examination system and how to apply operation model. First, to use Pavement Condition Index (PCI) be the foundation of judging the pavement damage degree. Second, to study the pavement management and maintenance system and to apply network management system to be a model of maintenance strategy. The main purpose of study is to make sure of the pavement damage investigation and assessment items. The strategy is to apply the pavement management, and then to combine pavement damage state index and damage grade assess which model is fit for the judgment of the pavement damage degree. At the same time, the study bases on the justice、objectivity and identification, to establish a decision matrix of urban pavement management system, including the routine of pavement maintenance、general maintenance plan and network level maintenance plan. The study of pavement management maintenance system could supply the relative department of government to settle a more perfect domestic pavement management and maintenance system.

碩士
立德管理學院
資源環境研究所
94
Because economy grows up and civil aviation's business increases day by day, the aircraft development moves towards maximization and heavy-duty. The traffic is obviously increasing, so the facilities of airport must afford more loading. However, the manager often pays attention to aircraft dispatch and personnel management, but neglects the maintenance of taxiway and airplane field. In addition, the domestic airports mostly are shared for the army and the citizen. Base on national defense, and air force F-16 and Mirage 2000 are set up. The requirements of runway performance and repair are enhanced, and spend high cost for maintenance. The safety of aviation is based on airport facilities no matter military or civil vehicle. If closing airport to proceed pavement maintaining, it will certainly influence civil aviation’s business and air force fighting capacity. It is obvious that pavement maintaining is quite important subject of the management of the airport, especially it is the task of top priority at present how to set up the suitable pavement maintaining regulations. Therefore, this research is base on the pavement condition index (PCI) of Song-Shan airport and applies regression mode to set up the predictable model. From the result, the taxiway and airplane field should be maintained every year in order to keep them on the optimum state.

碩士
國立中央大學
土木工程研究所
97
The budget is limited. However, there is not an objective basis for roadway governments to decide the grant distribution. And such a lack brings a failure in making the most efficient use of expenditure. This disquisition will help to offer road-management departments criteria to make impartial allotment and also find a solution to shortage of work force. When apportioning the budget, governments will need to collect enough information of the maintenance of roads in their own districts. To make accurate decisions in strategy analysis, decision makers need a system that instantaneously provides enough information to accelerate the process. The central purpose of this disquisition is to understand what the highway engineers really demand in their routine pavement maintenance tasks by expert-questionnaire. Using the results from expert-questionnaire, this disquisition lay down a number of programs and standard procedure of establishing a pavement maintenance management system for every administrative unit to apply. Running this system can provide the engineers or managers more consultations about pavement conditions through yearly survey and historical maintenance information. To take advantage of achievements about this disquisition will promote the efficiency and quality of pavement maintenance works with the pavement management system closely. Controlling roadway network information in districts on time provides the roadway service capability ergonomically.

The Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) uses the Pavement Management Information Systems (PMIS) to store and analyze pavement data, and to summarize information needed to support pavement-related decisions. The information on overall condition of the pavement is stored in PMIS, measured with various scores based on visual distress and ride quality surveys. However, a direct measure of the pavement structural condition is currently not in use. A network-level index that can distinguish pavements that require Preventive Maintenance (PM) from those that require Rehabilitation (Rhb) is required, because, it is not cost-effective to apply PM treatments to pavements that are structurally inadequate. The necessity to use an index to improve pavement treatment selection process, especially under financial constraints has motivated this research. The objective of this research is to validate the pavement Structural Condition Index (SCI) developed under a previous Research Project 0-4322, and to develop guidelines for implementing the SCI at the network level.
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abstract: The accurate prediction of pavement network condition and performance is important for efficient management of the transportation infrastructure system. By reducing the error of the pavement deterioration prediction, agencies can save budgets significantly through timely intervention and accurate planning. The objective of this research study was to develop a methodology for calculating a pavement condition index (PCI) based on historical distress data collected in the databases from Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) program and Minnesota Road Research (Mn/ROAD) project. Excel™ templates were developed and successfully used to import distress data from both databases and directly calculate PCIs for test sections. Pavement performance master curve construction and verification based on the PCIs were also developed as part of this research effort. The analysis and results of LTPP data for several case studies indicated that the study approach is rational and yielded good to excellent statistical measures of accuracy. It is believed that the InfoPaveTM LTPP and Mn/ROAD database can benefit from the PCI templates developed in this study, by making them available for users to compute PCIs for specific road sections of interest. In addition, the PCI-based performance model development can be also incorporated in future versions of InfoPaveTM. This study explored and analyzed asphalt pavement sections. However, the process can be also extended to Portland cement concrete test sections. State agencies are encouraged to implement similar analysis and modeling approach for their specific road distress data to validate the findings.
Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Civil Engineering 2015

Thesis. (M. Tech. (Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Dept. of Civil Engineering))--Vaal University of Technology, 2011
In the past thirty years there has been a rapid deterioration of the road network in South Africa. As an attempt to address this challenge, a study was conducted on R34 between Vrede and Bothmas Pass Border. The aim of the study was to develop a pavement management system for road network maintenance to serve as a decision support tool to assist to improve the efficiency of making decisions, provide feedback as to the consequences of these decisions, ensure consistency of decisions made at different levels and improve the effectiveness of all decisions in terms of efficiency of results. The study focused on developing and testing pavement management system for road network maintenance. Consequently, visual condition inspections, non-destructive and semi-destructive tests were conducted on the field, data acquired, processed and analysed in accordance with guidelines stipulated in the Draft Technical Recommendations for Highways (TRH) 22 in order to draw conclusions. The data acquired included the surfacing assessments, structural assessments, functional assessments, traffic surveys, riding quality, falling weight deflectometer, mechanical rutting, material investigations and dynamic cone penetration. After analysis of the data, visual condition index was then calculated to be 40%. Visual condition index was then used to determine the action required towards rehabilitating the road. After consultation with guidelines contained in the TRH22, it was concluded that the pavement treatment needed for the road was Rehabilitation. It was then concluded that PMS developed would provide key performance indicators to assist with decision support system and that it is also suitable for road network applications ranging from national roads, provincial roads, regional or district arterial and collector / distributor networks in SA. The municipalities and other road maintenance agencies were then recommended to utilise the “easy to use” developed pavement management system as a decision support tool in their maintenance programmes.

For the past three decades, geosynthetics have been recognized as materials that can significantly improve the performance of pavements on weak subgrade. Pavements exhibit non-linear elasto-plastic behavior. The addition of geosynthetics is undoubtedly beneficial. This being said, researchers have concentrated more on lower life cycle cost and high benefit-cost ratio whereas much less attention has been given to the complex behavior of the reinforced pavement system. Comprehension of the short-term and long-term field performance of reinforced pavements under continued traffic and cyclic environmental loading has remained unexplored. There is empirical evidence indicating quantitative benefits of reinforced versus unreinforced pavement structure. However, quantification of the relative benefits of different types of reinforcement like geogrids and geotextiles lacks information. Further, evaluation of the benefits and comparison of chemical stabilization in the form of lime treatment with mechanical stabilization in the form of reinforcement for pavements on soft soils has received lack of attention. In view of this, full-scale instrumented reinforced and lime treated pavement sections with different schemes were studied. Regular Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) testing was conducted in a Farm-to-Market Road, in Grimes County, Texas. Three different geosynthetic products were used for base reinforcement and lime treatment was used for subbase stabilization. Deflection measurements for 9 field trips in 3.5 years were evaluated. Modified deflection basin parameters (DBPs) were defined to typically identify layer properties and were used to measure the relative damage to the base, subbase and subgrade for different sections. A modified Base Damage Index (BDI) and a modified Base Curvature Index (BCI) were defined as a part of this study to capture the benefit of reinforced base and lime stabilized subbase respectively. The variation in the DBPs over three periods of wetting and drying along with explanation of the observed trends forms a part of this research. In addition, a number of condition surveys were performed, during 3 years, to visually identify distresses in various sections. A unique distress quantification technique was developed for measuring deterioration of the pavement sections in terms of the observed distresses and FWD measurements. With this, an index of pavement performance was developed. Thus, the FWD deflection data analyses complemented by visual observation, reveals important information on performance of different geosynthetics with the same base course. Analysis of the field performance of the multiple experimental sections throws light on the relative merits of base reinforcement against lime stabilization.
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O presente estudo tem como objetivo contribuir para a implantação de um Sistema de Gestão de Pavimentos Aeroportuários a ser aplicado na rede de aeroportos de Cabo Verde. Para atingir este objetivo, é apresentada uma descrição da metodologia ASTM D 5340-12 para determinação do índice PCI (Pavement Condition Index) que traduz a qualidade dos pavimentos e orientações para a interpretação dos resultados de PCI, com vista a apoiar a tomada de decisões quanto ao tipo de intervenção de manutenção ou de reabilitação (M&R) a adotar no pavimento e verificação de níveis de serviço e de desencadeamento. Os resultados da pesquisa efetuada foram aplicados na avaliação do estado de conservação do pavimento da pista 03-21 do Aeroporto Internacional Aristides Pereira, na Ilha da Boavista em Cabo Verde. Os dados adquiridos na auscultação do pavimento, realizada por veículo com recurso a protótipo equipado com dispositivos de varrimento laser e de captação de imagem e de georreferenciação, foram utilizados para determinar o índice PCI do pavimento. Com base em uma proposta de critérios definidos em função do índice PCI para a escolha do tipo de intervenção e verificação do nível de serviço desejável e mínimo, para a rede de aeroportos de Cabo Verde, foi possível identificar as zonas críticas do pavimento e as necessidades de M&R. Os resultados mostram que o pavimento da pista, nas zonas de circulação das aeronaves, apresenta um estado de degradação avançado. As degradações mais significativas identificadas foram as fendas longitudinais e transversais, a desagregação superficial do mastique, a desagregação superficial dos agregados, o empolamento, as rodeiras e as depressões. Quanto ao tipo de intervenção a aplicar, os valores obtidos apontam para ações de carácter corretivo (reabilitação) para as zonas menos degradadas da pista, e a reconstrução das zonas central da pista, cabeceira 03 e de acesso às placas de estacionamento (locais mais solicitadas pelas ações do tráfego).
The present study aims to contribute to the implementation of an airport pavement management system to be applied on the Cape Verde airport network. For this purpose, a description of the ASTM D 5340-12 methodology for obtaining Airport Pavement Condition Index (PCI) and directions for PCI results interpretation considering types of maintenance, levels of service and trigger levels to support the decision making related to pavement Maintenance and Rehabilitation (M&R) needs is presented. The research outcome was applied in the evaluation of pavement condition on runway 03-21 at Aristides Pereira International Airport, Boavista Island, Cape Verde. Pavement condition data acquired with a vehicle equipped with georeferenced laser line scanning devices and surface imaging was used to determine the Pavement Condition Index (PCI) of the runway. Based in a proposal of PCI limits for type of intervention and desirable and minimum level of service for the Cape Verde airport network, interpretation of PCI results was performed to identify critical zones in the pavement and the M&R needs. Results show a considerable degradation state of the pavement on the aircraft circulation zones of the runway. The most significant pavement distresses identified were longitudinal and transverse cracking, weathering, raveling, swelling, rutting and depressions. As for the maintenance type to adopt, the runway PCI point to actions of a corrective nature, i. e., the rehabilitation of the pavement, however, the PCI values obtained by section point to the need for pavement reconstruction in the central area, head 03 and in the access to aprons (places that endure the more severe traffic actions).