To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Pavements Life cycle costing.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pavements Life cycle costing'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Pavements Life cycle costing.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Reigle, Jennifer A. "Development of an integrated project-level pavement management model using risk analysis." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1634.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2000.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 210 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 205-209).
2
Guven, Zeynep. "Life cycle cost analysis of pavements : state-of-the-practive /." Connect to this title online, 2006. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1175186260/.
Full text
3
Gong, Liying. "Optimal spatial sampling of infrastructure condition a life-cycle-based approach under uncertainty /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1155273960.
Full text
4
Tomasini, Montenegro Claudia. "Evaluation of the sustainability of controlling diffuse water pollution in urban areas on a life cycle basis." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/evaluation-of-the-sustainability-of-controlling-diffuse-water-pollution-in-urban-areas-on-a-life-cycle-basis(6d5d86ca-eae0-4b30-bbe1-ddf971780d00).html.
Full textAbstract:
Diffuse water pollution in urban areas is growing due to polluted runoffs. Therefore, there is a need to treat this kind of pollution. Different structural treatment practices can be used for these purposes. However, little is known about their environmental, economic and social impacts. Therefore, the aim of this study has been to develop an integrated methodology for sustainability evaluation of structural treatment practices, considering environmental, economic and social aspects. Both environmental and economic evaluations have been carried out on a life cycle basis, using life cycle assessment and life cycle costing, respectively. For social evaluation, a number of social indicators, identified and developed in this research, have been used. The methodology has been applied to the case of the Magdalena river catchment in Mexico City. Three structural treatment practices have been analysed: bio-retention unit, infiltration trench and porous pavement. Based on the assumptions and the results from this work, the bio-retention unit appears to be environmentally the most sustainable option for treatment of diffuse water pollution. It is also the second-best option for social sustainability, slightly behind the porous pavement. However, if the costs of treatment are the priority, then the porous pavement would be the cheapest option. If all the sustainability aspects evaluated here are considered of equal importance, then the bio-retention unit is the most sustainable option. Therefore, trade-offs between the different sustainability aspects are important and should be considered carefully before any decisions are made on diffuse water pollution treatment. This also includes the trade-offs with the additional life cycle impacts generated by the treatment options compared to the impacts from the untreated runoff. The decisions can only be made by the appropriate stakeholders; however, some recommendations are given, based on the outcomes of this research.
5
Purushotham, Vineeth. "Dynamic Life Cycle Costing." Thesis, KTH, Industriell produktion, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-102785.
Full textAbstract:
Maintenance is an extremely important issue in the industry. Testimony to this fact is that European companies spend about 140 billion euro per year on maintenance activities. In Sweden alone, the annual cost of maintenance and related activities reaches 250 billion crowns and these costs are the costs incurred when maintenance jobs are performed and does not include the consequences of poor maintenance with which the costs would be significantly higher. The new paradigm in the manufacturing sector identifies utilization of production resources as a main competitive weapon. To meet the high demands of the industry like high efficiency, enhanced customization and high speed of delivery, a much higher operational availability and capability of production systems have to be achieved. In this context, maintenance becomes an important strategic issue. The objectives of this study are to develop a dynamic LCC model supporting decision making in the early stages of investment and production development process allowing estimating and optimizing life cycle costs of production equipment including maintenance considerations. It will give the concerned stakeholders a better chance of estimating the whole life cycle costs and select proper design alternative for new investments. It can be used as a tool for the justification of investment in Condition Based Maintenance technologies which is underestimated in present calculation models.
6
Höhne, Christoph. "Life Cycle Costing - Systematisierung bestehender Studien." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-26558.
Full textAbstract:
Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht Wesensmerkmale des Life Cycle Costing (LCC, dt. Lebenszykluskostenrechnung) und dessen Anwendung veröffentlicht in Fachzeitschriften. Aufgrund der langen Historie des LCC seit Beginn der 30er Jahre, gibt es zu dem Forschungsthema bereits eine Vielzahl theoretischer und empirischer Studien. Dennoch existiert bis heute keine einheitliche Definition oder ein standardisierter methodischer Rahmen. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, LCC zu charakterisieren und eine sinnvolle Methode für die Klassifizierung der vorhandenen Forschungsarbeiten zu identifizieren um methodische und inhaltliche Unterschiede darzustellen.
Angewandt wird die Methodik des Literature Review, respektive einer Mischform explorativ-induktiver, qualitativer und quantitativer Inhaltsanalyse. Den Prozess der Charakterisierung und Systematisierung leiten folgende Fragestellungen: Was sind die Motivatoren der Anwendung von LCC in Firmen? Gibt es ein standardisiertes Konzept analog zur Ökobilanz (LCA)? Was sind die wesentlichen Vorteile von LCC? Was ist momentan unbefriedigend erforscht? Wo und in welcher Form wird LCC angewandt? Ergeben sich aus F-1 bis F-4 spezifische Anwendungsbereiche? Zu Beginn erfolgt im Sinne der Vision des Life Cycle Thinking eine Erörterung möglicher Motivationen einer Zuwendung zu LCC aus unternehmerischer Entscheidungsperspektive. Dem folgt eine umfangreiche Analyse und Diskussion der wesentlichen Charakterzüge. Ausgehend dieser Erkenntnis ist ein Analyseraster abgeleitet um die zu bewertenden Studien geeignet zu kategorisieren.
Ein direktes Ergebnis stellt die Evaluierung von 34 Studien zu LCC dar. Als mittelbare Ergebnisse der Systematisierung gelten die Erkenntnisse zur Wahl einer optimierten Suchstrategie und die Schaffung eines Startpunkts für Forscher, die sich zukünftig mit Detailfragen des LCC beschäftigen.
7
Yu, Bin. "Environmental Implications of Pavements: A Life Cycle View." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4619.
Full textAbstract:
Environmental aspect of pavement, unlike its economic counterpart, is seldom considered in the theoretical study and field practices. As a highly energy and material intensive infrastructure, pavement has great potential to contribute to the environment protection, which, in root, depends on the in-depth understanding of the environmental impacts, holistically and specifically. A life cycle assessment (LCA) model is used to fulfill the goal.
This research firstly carried out extensive literature review of LCA studies on pavement to identify the major research gaps, including: incompleteness of the methodology, controversy of the functional unit, and unawareness of feedstock energy of asphalt, etc. Based on that, a comprehensive methodology to apply the LCA model in the context of pavement engineering was developed. The five-module methodology, including material module, maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R) module, construction module, congestion module, and end of life module, covers almost every stage of pavement for a life time. The unique contribution of the proposed methodology lies in the deep-going modeling of the congestion module due to construction and M&R activities and the great efforts on the usage module. Moreover, the proposed methodology is a complex structure, demanding many sub-models to enrich the model bank and therefore another three contributions are made accordingly. Specifically, the environmental damage costs (EDCs) were calculated based on the estimates of the marginal damage cost of involved air pollutants; a function describing the relationship of pavement roughness and average vehicle speed was established; and an improved pavement M&R optimization algorithm was developed with the incorporation of EDCs.
To demonstrate how the proposed methodology can be implemented, a case study of three overlay systems, including hot mixture asphalt (HMA), Portland cement concrete (PCC), and crack, seat and overlay (CSOL), was performed. Through the case study, the PCC option and CSOL options are found to have less environmental burdens as opposed to the HMA option while the comparison between the former two is indeterminate due to the great uncertainties associated with usage module, especially pavement structure effect; and the material, congestion, and usage modules are the three major sources of energy consumptions and air pollutant emissions. Traditionally, cost evaluation of pavement does not refer to EDC while the developed M&R optimization algorithm suggests that EDC occupies a significant fraction of the total cost constitution. And the M&R algorithm leads to a reduction from 8.2 to 12.3 percent and from 5.9 to 10.2 percent in terms of total energy consumptions and costs compared to the before optimization results.
On the other aspect, pavement communities seem to prefer long life pavement because they believe small increase of pavement thickness prolongs the service life and thus leads to a smaller marginal cost while the study in Chapter 5 suggests that it may not be always true, at least in terms environmental impacts. Specially, frequently used pavement designs in the U.S. of two design lives, 20 years and 40 years, at three levels of traffic, are evaluated for their environmental impacts using the proposed methodology. It is found that only at high traffic volumes, the 40-year designs carry environmental advantages over their 20-year counterparts while the opposite is true at the low or medium traffic volumes. Unfortunately, it is not possible to determine the watershed traffic volumes due to the disturbance of many external factors.
8
Zhang, Ke. "Life cycle costing for office buildings in Canada." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ39098.pdf.
Full text
9
Wilde, William James. "Life cycle cost analysis of Portland cement concrete pavements /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
Full text
10
Loijos, Alex (Alexander Nikos). "Life cycle assessment of concrete pavements : impacts and opportunities." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65431.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M. in Technology and Policy)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2011.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 118-121).
The concrete pavement network in the United States plays a crucial role in the economy by enabling the transport of people and goods, but it also leads to resource consumption and environmental impacts. This thesis is fundamentally motivated to reduce the impact that concrete pavements have on climate change. The principal methodology that is used is life cycle assessment (LCA), which comprehensively includes all five primary phases of the life cycle: materials extraction and production, pavement construction, pavement rehabilitation, the use phase, and end-of-life recycling and disposal. This work informs the reduction of life cycle greenhouse gases (GHGs) through a three-pronged approach to: 1) comprehensively quantify GHG emissions for structures representing all primary pavement types in the US, 2) establishes a benchmark for GHG emissions from all concrete pavements in the US constructed annually, and 3) identifies five reduction strategies and measures the GHG reduction that is obtainable through these strategies, both at the project-level for different road classes and at the national level. This provides a portfolio of GHG reduction options to national and regional policymakers, transportation agencies, and pavement engineers.
by Alex Loijos.
S.M.in Technology and Policy
11
Emblemsvåg, Jan. "Activity-based costing in designing for the life-cycle." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/20993.
Full text
12
Krause, Marcus. "Environmental Life Cycle Costing (ELCC) für Produkte der Solarenergie." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-96963.
Full textAbstract:
Vor dem Hintergrund der zukünftigen Notwendigkeit einer nachhaltigen Energieversorgung beschäftigt sich die vorliegende Arbeit mit Technologien der regenerativen Energiequelle Solarenergie, insbesondere Photovoltaik (PV). Systeme zur Nutzung der unerschöpflich verfügbaren, sauberen und im Prinzip “frei Haus” gelieferten Energie der Sonne können eine bedeutsame Rolle in einer umweltverträglicheren Zukunft spielen. Allerdings ist die Herstellung der erforderlichen Komponenten heute i.d.R. noch energie- und kostenintensiv, weshalb für eine korrekte Bewertung dieser Technologien der gesamte Lebenszyklus betrachtet werden muss. Zur tieferen Analyse der PV wird die Methodik des Environmental Life Cycle Costing (ELCC) auf der Grundlage von drei Grundideen eingeführt. Konkret sind dies die Ausgangspunkte: Nachhaltigkeit, Lebenszyklusdenken und die Drei-Dimensionalität dieses Instrumentes durch die gemeinsame Betrachtung ökologischer, ökonomischer und technischer Aspekte in ihrem Zusammenspiel. Ausgehend von theoretischen Elementen der Ökobilanzierung (Life Cycle Assessment) und des Life Cycle Costings, verbunden mit den technischen Eigenschaften der Photovoltaik werden wichtigste Anforderungen und Schritte für die Durchführung eines ELCC für PV beschrieben. Mittels einer softwaregestützten Inhaltsanalyse wird im Anschluss der definierte Rahmen für ein ELCC für PV getestet (und modifiziert) gegen eine Auswahl von 135 bereits existierender Studien, die sich mit dem Lebenszyklus von PV-Technologien aus ökologischer und ökonomischer Sicht beschäftigen. Im Ergebnis hieraus können die wichtigsten Elemente eines ELCC für PV, wie beispielsweise ökologische Wirkungskategorien oder ökonomische Indikatoren, identifiziert werden (methodisches Feedback). In einem nächsten Schritt werden die Studien hinsichtlich ihrer “Qualität” bezogen auf ökologische, ökonomische und übergreifende Inhalte eines ELCC für PV bewertet. Auf diese Weise kann ein Inventar von Lebenszyklusanalysen für PV erstellt werden, das nach den Technologien und der inhaltlichen Qualität bezüglich eines ELCC strukturiert ist und für weitere Analysen als Grundlage dienen kann. Aus den bisherigen Ergebissen kann eine erste Einschätzung zum aktuellen Stand des ELCC für PV in der Literatur vorgenommen werden: Es existiert bereits ein großer Pool von Studien, die sich mit dem Lebenszyklus der PV beschäftigen. Mit Blick auf die Anforderungen eines ELCC für PV besteht jedoch Nachholbedarf in der Verbindung und gemeinsamen Betrachtung von hot spots und trade offs aus ökologischer und ökonomischer Perspektive. Der definierte theoretische Rahmen für ein ELCC für PV, die kodierten Studien sowie das erstellte Inventar von Lebenszyklusanalysen der PV können nun als Grundlage für weitere Analysen dienen. Insbesondere eine inhaltliche Auswertung der konkreten Ergebnisse von Studien kann so einen Benchmark und Orientierung für neue Lebenszyklusanalysen für PV-Technologien liefernThe special need of a sustainable energy supply in mind the technologies of the renewable source solar energy, especially photovoltaics (PV) is main subject of the present thesis. Using the inexhaustible, clean and “freely delievered” power from the sun solar devices may play a major role in a cleaner future, but, on the other hand, they are still energy consuming and expensive in their production which consequently demands a whole life cycle perspective when assessing this technology. For a closer look at PV the methodology of Environmental Life Cycle Costing (ELCC) is introduced by following three theoretical points of view. Namely these are sustainability, life cycle thinking and the three dimensional nature of this tool by regarding environmental, economic and technical aspects in their interaction. Based on theoretical elements of Life Cycle Assessment and Life Cycle Costing in combination with the technical background of photovoltaics main requirements and steps for performing an ELCC for PV are described. By executing software based content analysis the defined framework is checked (and modified) against a choice of 135 existing studies analyzing the life cycle of PV technologies from an environmental or economic perspective. As a result the main elements of an ELCC for PV, e.g. environmental impact categories and economic indicators, are identified (methodological feedback). Within the next step the existing studies are rated by their “quality” regarding the environmental, economic and more general parts of an ELCC for PV in order to create an inventory of life cycle studies for PV. This inventory is structured by technologies as well as quality of content respecting ELCC and might be used for further analyses. At this stage the results propose the possibility of a first estimate of the present status of ELCC for PV: until now there is a good pool of existing analyses of the life cycle of PV systems. But from an ELCC perspective the examination of common hot spots and trade offs between economic and environmental aspects should be expanded. The theoretical framework of ELCC for PV, the encoded studies and the inventory of life cycle analyses for PV are now the starting point for further analyses, especially of the individual outcome within studies, which will then pose a benchmark for new life cycle studies of PV technology
13
Priest, Kevin Kennett. "Life cycle costing of active and passive solar retrofits." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0024497.
Full text
14
Oduyemi, Olufolahan Ifeoluwa. "Life cycle costing methodology for sustainable commerical office buildings." Thesis, University of Derby, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10545/581569.
Full textAbstract:
The need for a more authoritative approach to investment decision-making and cost control has been a requirement of office spending for many years now. The commercial offices find itself in an increasingly demanding position to allocate its budgets as wisely and prudently as possible. The significant percentage of total spending on buildings demands a more accurate and adaptable method of achieving quality of service within the constraints on the budgets. By adoption of life cycle costing techniques with risk management, practitioners have the ability to make accurate forecasts of likely future running costs. This thesis presents a novel framework (Artificial Neural Networks and probabilistic simulations) for modelling of operating and maintenance historical costs as well as economic performance measures of LCC. The methodology consisted of eight steps and presented a novel approach to modelling the LCC of operating and maintenance costs of two sustainable commercial office buildings. Finally, a set of performance measurement indicators were utilised to draw inference from these results. Therefore, the contribution that this research aimed to achieve was to develop a dynamic LCC framework for sustainable commercial office buildings, and by means of two existing buildings, demonstrate how assumption modelling can be utilised within a probabilistic environment. In this research, the key themes of risk assessment, probabilistic assumption modelling and stochastic assessment of LCC has been addressed. Significant improvements in existing LCC models have been achieved in this research in an attempt to make the LCC model more accurate and meaningful to estate managers and high-level capital investment decision makers A new approach to modelling historical costs and forecasting these costs in sustainable commercial office buildings is presented based upon a combination of ANN methods and stochastic modelling of the annual forecasted data. These models provide a far more accurate representation of long-term building costs as the inherent risk associated with the forecasts is easily quantifiable and the forecasts are based on a sounder approach to forecasting than what was previously used in the commercial sector. A novel framework for modelling the facilities management costs in two sustainable commercial office buildings is also presented. This is not only useful for modelling the LCC of existing commercial office buildings as presented here, but has wider implications for modelling LCC in competing option modelling in commercial office buildings. The processes of assumption modelling presented in this work can be modified easily to represent other types of commercial office buildings. Discussions with policy makers in the real estate industry revealed that concerns were held over how these building costs can be modelled given that available historical data represents wide spending and are not cost specific to commercial office buildings. Similarly, a pilot and main survey questionnaire was aimed at ascertaining current level of LCC application in sustainable construction; ranking drivers and barriers of sustainable commercial office buildings and determining the applications and limitations of LCC. The survey result showed that respondents strongly agreed that key performance indicators and economic performance measures need to be incorporated into LCC and that it is important to consider the initial, operating and maintenance costs of building when conducting LCC analysis, respondents disagreed that the current LCC techniques are suitable for calculating the whole costs of buildings but agreed that there is a low accuracy of historical cost data.
15
Swei, Omar Abdullah. "Incorporating uncertainty in the Life Cycle Cost Analysis of pavements." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/78541.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-87).
Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) is an important tool to evaluate the economic performance of alternative investments for a given project. It considers the total cost to construct, maintain, and operate a pavement over its expected life-time. Inevitably, input parameters in an LCCA are subject to a high level of uncertainty, both in the short-term and long-term. Under its current implementation in the field, however, LCCA inputs are treated as static, deterministic values. Conducting such an analysis, although computationally simpler, hides the underlying uncertainty of the inputs by only considering a few possible permutations. This suggests that although computationally simpler, the answer from the analysis may not necessarily be the correct one. One methodology to account for uncertainty is to treat input parameters as probabilistic values, allowing the analysis to consider a range of possible outcomes. There are two major reasons as to why probabilistic LCCAs, although recommended, have not been streamlined into practice. First, the LCCA of construction projects is a large-scale problem with many input parameters with a high-level of uncertainty. Second, there is a significant gap in research that statistically quantifies uncertainty for input values. This research addresses the latter point by statistically quantifying four types of uncertainty: the unit cost of construction, quantity of material inputs, occurrence of maintenance activities, and a particular emphasis is placed upon characterizing the evolution of material prices over time. Having statistically characterized uncertainty in the LCCA analysis, the application of the probabilistically derived inputs is illustrated in three scenarios. Pavement alternative designs are derived for a set of traffic conditions in a given location. The results of the analysis indicate the integration of probabilistic input parameters in the LCCA process allows for more robust conclusions when evaluating alternative pavement designs. Additionally, the case study shows treating input parameters probabilistically could potentially alter the pavement selection, and one parameter that greatly influences this is material-specific price projections.
by Omar Abdullah Swei.
S.M.
16
Henzel, Anne [Verfasser]. "«Life Cycle Costing» als Instrument nachhaltiger öffentlicher Auftragsvergabe / Anne Henzel." Frankfurt a.M. : Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1199773271/34.
Full text
17
Underwood, James M. "Use of life cycle costing in the development of standards." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/23144.
Full text
18
Graham, Ruth. "Life cycle costing in spare parts procurement: a decision model." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/23286.
Full textAbstract:
Life cycle costing methods can be applied to the procurement of some, but not all, spare parts. As a result, a decision model is needed to determine which spare parts should be considered for life cycle costing. This thesis discusses a decision model for determining the applicability of life cycle costing to spare part procurement. The thesis briefly reviews the application of the life cycle costing concept to the acquisition of major systems and associated spare parts. It then reviews current spare parts acquisition techniques and identifies critical criteria to be considered during the acquisition of spare parts using life cycle costing techniques. Finally, the thesis uses the identified characteristics to develop the decision model. Theses. (sdw)
19
Taneda, Makoto. "Application of life cycle costing method to a renovation project." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70276.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1996.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 115-116).
In this study, we have examined the application of Lee analysis method to the construction and renovation stages of a building project. The application of the Lee analysis is currently limited to the very early stages of a project life, namely at the concept and design stages. We propose application of the Lee method, with several modifications, to the construction and renovation stages. The simplified Lee method is proposed and examined in the first two case studies. The simplified method limits the range and complexity of data inputs, and is intended to be an Lee used by engineers practicing in the construction industry. In the third case study, the "Lee per square-foot", which implements the concept of the "square-foot" cost estimating, is proposed. This method is intended to be used to assess the residual value and to estimate running costs of an existing building. Necessary modifications of the Lee, as well as the accuracy and limits of these new methods are examined through three case studies.
by Makoto Taneda.
M.S.
20
Chulski, Katherine D. "Life Cycle Assessment and Costing of Geosynthetics Versus Earthen Materials." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1430346779.
Full text
21
Constantino, Rita Maria Mata. "Aplicação da metodologia life cycle costing na Força Aérea Portuguesa." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/16648.
Full textAbstract:
Mestrado em Contabilidade, Fiscalidade e Finanças EmpresariaisAssiste-se a um esforço crescente por parte de alguns países para a implementação do Life Cycle Costing na avaliação dos seus projetos de investimento por permitir antes da tomada de decisão a análise dos custos do ciclo de vida dos Sistema de Interesse em causa. Considerando que esta metodologia não está a ser aplicada na Força Aérea Portuguesa, importa proceder ao seu estudo, averiguar os impedimentos e propor soluções para que se possa converter o teoricismo em realidade. Neste trabalho são apresentadas, primeiramente, as questões que impedem a efetiva implementação do Life Cycle Costing na Força Aérea Portuguesa e são propostas soluções para as mesmas, tendo como ponto de partida a conceptualização prescrita pela OTAN. Em segundo lugar, com recurso a métodos empíricos (regras empíricas e opinião de especialistas) e de cálculo/ previsão (análise gráfica e de correlações) realizou-se uma primeira aplicação da metodologia ao Sistema de Armas F-16, tendo como base os dados recolhidos desde 2009 a 2017. Pelo estudo realizado pode concluir-se que a Força Aérea Portuguesa, com base na sua doutrina, procedimentos desenvolvidos e estrutura organizacional, se depara com alguns desafios para que seja possível uma aplicação sustentada e constante desta metodologia. Com este trabalho procura-se despertar o interesse da Força Aérea Portuguesa por esta metodologia, a qual permitirá prever os recursos que serão necessários no futuro com qualquer Sistema de Interesse, consubstanciando-se num instrumento de gestão capaz de fornecer informação útil, tanto para o planeamento, como para a tomada de decisão, particularmente a longo prazo.
There is a growing effort, by some countries, to implement Life Cycle Costing in the evaluation of their investment projects, by allowing the analysis of the life cycle costs of the relevant System of Interest. Considering that this methodology is not being applied in the Portuguese Air Force, it is necessary to study it, investigate impediments and propose solutions that can turn theory into reality. In this paper, we first present the issues that prevent the effective implementation of Life Cycle Costing in the Portuguese Air Force and propose solutions for them, starting with the conceptualization prescribed by NATO. Secondly, using the empirical methods (empirical rules and expert?s opinions) and calculation / forecasting (graphical and correlation analysis), the methodology is first applied to the F-16 Weapons System based on data collected from 2009 to 2017. Through the study carried out, it can be concluded that the Portuguese Air Force, based on its doctrine, developed procedures and organizational structure, faces some challenges so that a sustained and constant application of this methodology is possible. This work seeks to trigger the interest of the Portuguese Air Force in this methodology, which will allow to predict the resources that will be needed in the future with any system of interest, consubstantiating in a management tool capable of providing useful information, both for planning and for decision making, particularly in the long term.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
22
Chaudhary, Osman, and Erdem Yüksek. "Dynamic life-cycle costing in asset management of production equipments with emphasis om maintenance." Thesis, KTH, Industriell produktion, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-41281.
Full textAbstract:
In the contemporary industry, companies need to make investments to grow their business volume. However each investment comes with its own risk. Cost of an equipment does not only consist of the initial payment but also covers the future costs related to the operations, maintenance, quality of production and many other associated issues. Therefore, economical analysis of an asset should be done by considering the whole life cycle. Life-Cycle Costing (LCC) can be used as an engineering tool in order to assess the future business risks and prevent the unexpected costs and losses due to failures and downtime before they occur. When first proposed as a proactive effort, LCC came into the industry with several advantages to be provided. However it could not keep pace with the modern industrial IT development.Automated machine tools constitute a crucial part of modern manufacturing activities. As an asset within the production layout, life-cycle of machine tools consists of several periods which are basically early design, purchase, installation, operation and disposal stages. Unfortunately, lack of a detailed cost analysis method drives most of the manufacturers to follow minimum adequate design (MAD) principle. As described above, decision process of investing in new equipments brings along the old famous debate: “Short-term spending or long-term benefits?”Recent studies have proven the fact that interruptions in production due to failures and maintenance account for a considerable part of not only production profit losses but also overhead costs. Regarding this problem, several new concepts in maintenance such as Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) and Condition Based Monitoring (CBM) have been developed. Main goal of these methods is to anticipate the failures which are likely to occur and keep the continuity of production. However, usage of these methods is still at very limited level since industry lacks a dynamic costing method that can justify the initial investment in production equipment assisted by such maintenance techniques. Although they are effective to some extent in calculating direct costs, traditional cost analysis methods usually fail in providing an accurate view on the indirect, consequential and overhead costs. On the other hand, by its2different point of view in handling indirect costs and their future impacts, LCC method can be a possible solution for this investment analysis problem.The objective of this study is to develop an LCC model that can assist the decision making process during the early stages of an investment. A dynamic LCC model which considers the maintenance aspect will be proposed and, as a specific case, this model will be used for estimating and optimizing the life-cycle costs of a CNC machining center based on its real-time technical data history.
23
Clarke, John D. "Life cycle cost : an examination of its application in the United States, and potential for use in the Australian Defense Forces /." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 1990. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA236834.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S. in Management)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 1990.Thesis Advisor(s): Sovereign, Michael G. ; Hart, Neil E. "June 1990." Description based on signature page as viewed on October 19, 2009. DTIC Identifier(s): Life cycle costs, cost analysis, military forces (foreign), accounting, direct costs, theses. Author(s) subject terms: Life cycle cost, operating and support cost, life support cost, Australian Defense Forces, total cost of ownership. Includes bibliographical references (p. 102-105). Also available online.
24
Roychoudhury, Pratik. "A life cycle cost estimation model for FRP bridge decks." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1964.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2001.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 94 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 93-94).
25
Huang, Yue. "Life cycle assessment of use of recycled materials in asphalt pavements." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1729.
Full textAbstract:
The increasing use of recycled materials in asphalt pavements asks for prescriptive environmental assessment on associated impacts such as the energy and CO2 footprint. Accredited by a number of industries already, life cycle assessment (LCA) is being accepted by the road industry to measure and compare the key environmental impacts of its product or process throughout the whole pavement life time, and present the results for communication with stakeholders. This thesis reviews the technical performance of asphalt pavements containing recycled materials; searches for relevant LCA resources worldwide; identifies the gap for the road industry, and the key environmental impacts of recycling in asphalt pavements. It describes the development of a LCA model for pavement construction and maintenance that accommodates recycling practice and up-to-date research findings. Details are provided of both the methodology and data acquisition. 3 real case studies are carried out during the model development, and their findings described in this thesis. This is followed by a discussion of the challenges of applying LCA to road practice, and recommendations for further work. Data in this model come from a mixed source of UK plants, EU standards and relevant LCA results. Methodology follows the ISO14040 norms. Unit processes in asphalt pavement construction are analysed and represented in this LCA model. The most significant variables in the process are identified, followed by data analysis and sensitivity check. This LCA model can be further tested and calibrated as a decision supporting tool for the asphalt industry. In order to achieve sustainable construction however, environmental assessment must be placed alongside the outcome of technical and economic studies.
26
Yang, Shih-Hsien. "Effectivess of Using Geotextiles in Flexible Pavements: Life-Cycle Cost Analysis." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31442.
Full textAbstract:
Using geotextiles in secondary roads to stabilize weak subgrades has been a well accepted practice over the past thirty years. However, from an economical point of view, a complete life cycle cost analysis (LCCA), which includes not only costs to agencies but also costs to users, is urgently needed to assess the benefits of using geotextile in secondary road flexible pavement.
In this study, a comprehensive life cycle cost analysis framework was developed and used to quantify the initial and the future cost of 25 representative design alternatives. A 50 year analysis cycle was used to compute the cost-effectiveness ratio for the design methods. Four flexible pavement design features were selected to test the degree of influence of the frameâ s variables. The analysis evaluated these variables and examined their impact on the results.
The study concludes that the cost effectiveness ratio from the two design methods shows that the lowest cost-effectiveness ratio using Al-Qadiâ s design method is 1.7 and the highest is 3.2. The average is 2.6. For Perkinsâ design method, the lowest value is 1.01 and the highest value is 5.7. The average is 2.1. The study also shows when user costs are considered, the greater TBR value may not result in the most effective life-cycle cost. Hence, for an optimum secondary road flexible pavement design with geotextile incorporated in the system, a life cycle cost analysis that includes user cost must be performed.Master of Science
27
Safi, Mohammed. "Life-Cycle Costing : Applications and Implementations in Bridge Investment and Management." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Bro- och stålbyggnad, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-133241.
Full textAbstract:
A well-maintained bridge infrastructure is a fundamental necessity for a modern society that provides great value, but ensuring that it meets all the requirements sustainably and cost-effectively is challenging. Bridge investment and management decisions generally involve selection from multiple alternatives. All of the options may meet the functional demands, but their life-cycle cost (LCC), service life-span, user-cost, aesthetic merit and environmental impact may differ substantially. Thus, life-cycle analysis (LCCA, a widely used decision-support technique that enables comparison of the LCC of possible options), is essential. However, although LCCA has recognized potential for rationalizing bridge procurement and management decisions its use in this context is far from systematic and the integration of LCCA findings in decisions is often far from robust. Thus, the overall objective of the work underlying this thesis has been to contribute to the development of sustainable bridge infrastructures while optimizing use of taxpayers’ money, by robustly incorporating life-cycle considerations into bridge investment and management decision-making processes. The work has introduced a full scheme for applying LCCA throughout bridges’ entire life-cycle. Several practical case studies have been presented to illustrate how an agency could benefit from use of a bridge management system (BMS) to support decisions related to the management of existing bridges and procure new bridges. Further developments include a comprehensive approach incorporating a novel LCCA technique, “LCC Added-Value Analysis”, which enables procurement of the most cost-efficient bridge design through a fair design-build (D-B) tendering process. A further contribution is a novel, holistic approach designed to enable procurement of bridges with the maximal possible sustainability (life-cycle advantages) under D-B contracts. The approach combines LCC Added-Value analysis with other techniques that make bridges’ aesthetic merit and environmental impact commensurable using an adapted concept named the willingness-to-pay-extra (WTPE). The systematic analytical procedures and potential of LCCA to deliver major savings highlighted in this thesis clearly demonstrate both the feasibility and need to integrate LCCA into bridge procurement and management decisions. This need has been recognized by Trafikverket (the Swedish Transport Administration), which has implemented a software tool developed in the research (BaTMan-LCC) in its bridge and tunnel management system (BaTMan). This thesis introduces readers to the field, considers BaTMan and the bridge stock in Sweden, discusses the developments outlined above and obstacles hindering further implementation of LCCA, then presents proposals for further advances.QC 20131029
28
Ludvigsson, Rebecka. "Life Cycle Costing in the evaluation process of new production lines." Thesis, Linnaeus University, School of Engineering, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-101.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this thesis is to develop a Life Cycle Cost model that could be used for investment, budgeting and comparing alternatives. An evaluation of existing models concluded that there was a need for a model that was easy to use and understand but in the same way economical and technical complex. Theoretical and empirical information was gathered in accordance with the purpose and made a base of the model. The model highlights operative, energy and maintenance costs. A case study to test the model has been carried out and selected company for this has been Swedwood International AB which is a part of IKEA. Swedwood currently works with pay back calculations which could lead to wrong decisions during the life length of the investment. The developed LCC model was tested on different techniques for applying an edge on a substrate. The result of the report is that the user will have a clear and structured overview of an investment during its economical life length. A final investment decision demands further tests and evaluations, for example technical test and MCDM. Further researches for the LCC model could be to investigate if the model lacks any critical aspects that should be included. A recommendation for Swedwood is to follow up the developed standards for collecting data at the factories in order to facilitate when investigating for new techniques and comparing between investment options.
Syftet med examensarbetet är att utveckla en livscykelkostnadsmodell som kan användas vid investeringar, budgeteringar och jämförelser. Efter en utvärdering av tillgängliga modeller konstaterades det att behov fanns för en modell som var ekonomisk och teknisk avancerad men ändå användarvänlig. Teori och empiri insamlades i enlighet med syftet och bildade en grund för modellen. Modellen belyser speciellt kostnadsaktiviteter så som operativa, energi och underhållskostnader. En fallstudie för att testa modellen har genomförts och fallföretaget var Swedwood International AB som är en del av IKEA. Swedwood arbetar nu med payback kalkyler vilket kan leda till fel beslut sett till hela investeringens livslängd. Den framtagna LCC modellen testades på olika tekniker för att applicera en kant på ett arbetstycke. Resultatet av rapporten är genom att använda modellen får man en klar och tydlig översikt av alla kostnader under en investerings ekonomiska livslängd. Ett investeringsbeslut kräver ytterligare tester och utvärderingar så som tekniska tester och MCDM. En fortsatt utveckling av modellen kan vara att undersöka om den saknar någon kritisk del som ska var inkluderad. En rekommendation till Swedwood är att följa upp de centralt utvecklade standarder på fabrikerna så att alla samlar in data på samma sätt, vilket skulle underlätta vid implementering av nya tekniker och vid jämförelser av investeringar.
29
Al-Hajj, Assem Nazih. "Simple cost-significant models for total life-cycle costing in buildings." Thesis, University of Dundee, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295224.
Full text
30
Bettini, Filippo. "Environmental life cycle costing of an innovative technology TyGRe case study." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/4017/.
Full text
31
Akbarian, Mehdi. "Model based pavement-vehicle interaction simulation for life cycle assessment of pavements." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/73847.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 116-121).
Responsible for about a third of the annual energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, the U.S. transportation Network needs to attain a higher level of sustainability. This is particularly true for the roadway Network and the design of pavements in it. Vehicle fuel consumption required to overcome resisting forces due to pavement-vehicle interaction (PVI) is an essential part of life-cycle assessment (LCA) of pavement systems. These PVIs are intimately related to pavement structure and material properties. While various experimental investigations have revealed potential fuel consumption differences between flexible and rigid pavements, there is high uncertainty and high variability in the evaluated impact of pavement deflection on vehicle fuel consumption. This report adopts the perspective that a mechanistic model can contribute to closing the uncertainty gap of PVI in pavement LCA. With this goal in mind, a first-order mechanistic pavement model is considered, and scaling relationships between input parameters and the impact of PVI on vehicle fuel consumption are developed. An original calibration-validation method is established through wave propagation using the complete set of Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) time history data from FHWA's Long Term Pavement Performance program (LTPP), representing the U.S. roadway Network. Distributions of model parameters are determined on pavement material properties (top layer and subgrade moduli), structural properties (thickness), and loading conditions obtained from model calibration and the LTPP datasets. These input distributions are used in Monte-Carlo simulations to determine the impact of flexible and rigid pavements on passenger car and truck fuel consumption within the roadway Network. It is shown that rigid pavements behave better than flexible ones in regard to PVI due to higher stiffness. A final comparison with independent field data provides a reality check of the order of magnitude estimates of fuel consumption due to PVI as determined by the model. The calculated change in fuel consumption is used in a comparative LCA of flexible and rigid pavements, and it is shown that the impact of PVI deflection becomes increasingly important for high volume flexible roadways and can surpass GHG emissions due to construction and maintenance of the roadway system in its lifetime.
by Mehdi Akbarian.
S.M.
32
Green, Lilian. "Dynamic simulation for whole life appraisal." Thesis, University of Reading, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325206.
Full text
33
曾伯裕 and Pak-yu Tsang. "Application of life cycle costing (LCC) technique in Hong Kong warehouse industry." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31251626.
Full text
34
Tsang, Pak-yu. "Application of life cycle costing (LCC) technique in Hong Kong warehouse industry /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25949664.
Full text
35
Harrison, Lee-Anne Jayne. "A business model approach to design for recyclability in the automotive industry." Thesis, Coventry University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323518.
Full text
36
Ulmschneider, Maik. "Life Cycle Costing (LCC) und Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) - eine Übersicht bestehender Konzepte und deren Anwendung am Beispiel von Abwasserpumpstationen." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2005. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1138263684579-59674.
Full textAbstract:
Die vorliegende Ausgabe beschäftigt sich mit der systematischen Untersuchung potenzieller Einflussfaktoren auf die Lebenszykluskosten (LCC) von Abwasserpumpwerken. Betrachtungsobjekt ist eine Doppel-Tauchmotorpumpstation für den Einsatz in einer Trennkanalisation als Überpumpwerk für kommunales Schmutzwasser. Der zeitliche Betrachtungshorizont erstreckt sich über den gesamten Produktlebenszyklus. Primäres Ziel der Untersuchung ist die Identifizierung und Quantifizierung des Einflusses einzelner Systemparameter auf die Lebenszykluskosten. Aufgrund der Komplexität des betrachteten Systems kommt eine iterative Vorgehensweise zur Anwendung. Im ersten Iterationsschritt erfolgt eine separate Betrachtung des Systems aus technologischer, ökonomischer und ökologischer Sicht. Dabei werden aktuelle wissenschaftlich-theoretische Ansätze und Methoden auf ihre Anwendbarkeit auf die spezielle Problematik des Betrachtungsobjekts überprüft. Gemeinsam mit den Ergebnissen einer sich anschließenden System- und Umfeldanalyse stellen diese die Grundlage der separat entwickelten technischen, ökonomischen und ökologischen Einzelmodelle dar. In einer kritischen Würdigung werden diese drei Einzelmodelle auf Fehler, Schwächen und Stärken untersucht, um im zweiten Iterationsschritt in verbesserter Form zu einem integrierten technisch-ökonomisch-ökologischen Modell zusammengeführt zu werden. Mit Hilfe dieses Modells werden dann die zur Erreichung des Untersuchungsziels notwendigen, quantitativen Analysen (Sensitivitätsanalyse, Szenarioanalyse, Break-Even-Analyse, Payout-Analyse) des Betrachtungsobjekts durchgeführt. Die Analyseergebnisse werden ausgewertet und konkrete Handlungsempfehlungen abgeleitet, Forschungsbedarf wird aufgezeigt. Eine abschließende kritische Würdigung des Gesamtmodells soll zur weiteren Ver-besserungen der Modellierung in zukünftigen Untersuchungen anregen. Neben den quantitativen Analyseergebnissen ist das Gesamtmodell das wichtigste Ergebnis der Untersuchung, welches mit seiner softwaretechnischen Implementierung (Visual Basic 6.3 ? /MS Excel 2002?) ein Werkzeug liefert, das Entscheidungsträger sowohl auf strategischer als auch auf operativer Ebene unterstützen kann.
37
Günther, Edeltraud Ulmschneider Maik. "Life cycle costing (LCC) und Life cycle assessment (LCA) - eine Übersicht bestehender Konzepte und deren Anwendung am Beispiel von Abwasserpumpstationen." Dresden TU, Fak. Wirtschaftswiss., Professur für Betriebswirtschaftslehre, Betriebliche Umweltökonomie, 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=978627733.
Full text
38
Günther, Edeltraud. "Life cycle costing (LCC) und Life cycle assessment (LCA) - eine Übersicht bestehender Konzepte und deren Anwendung am Beispiel von Abwasserpumpstationen." Dresden TU, Fak. Wirtschaftswiss., Professur für Betriebswirtschaftslehre, Betriebliche Umweltökonomie, 2006. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=978627733.
Full text
39
Krause, Marcus. "Environmental Life Cycle Costing (ELCC) für Produkte der Solarenergie: Die Verbindung von Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) und Life Cycle Costing (LCC) - from Cradle to Grave - angewandt auf die Photovoltaik. Anforderungen bei der Durchführung und aktueller Stand in der Praxis." Technische Universität Dresden, 2011. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A26141.
Full textAbstract:
Vor dem Hintergrund der zukünftigen Notwendigkeit einer nachhaltigen Energieversorgung beschäftigt sich die vorliegende Arbeit mit Technologien der regenerativen Energiequelle Solarenergie, insbesondere Photovoltaik (PV). Systeme zur Nutzung der unerschöpflich verfügbaren, sauberen und im Prinzip “frei Haus” gelieferten Energie der Sonne können eine bedeutsame Rolle in einer umweltverträglicheren Zukunft spielen. Allerdings ist die Herstellung der erforderlichen Komponenten heute i.d.R. noch energie- und kostenintensiv, weshalb für eine korrekte Bewertung dieser Technologien der gesamte Lebenszyklus betrachtet werden muss.
Zur tieferen Analyse der PV wird die Methodik des Environmental Life Cycle Costing (ELCC) auf der Grundlage von drei Grundideen eingeführt. Konkret sind dies die Ausgangspunkte: Nachhaltigkeit, Lebenszyklusdenken und die Drei-Dimensionalität dieses Instrumentes durch die gemeinsame Betrachtung ökologischer, ökonomischer und technischer Aspekte in ihrem Zusammenspiel. Ausgehend von theoretischen Elementen der Ökobilanzierung (Life Cycle Assessment) und des Life Cycle Costings, verbunden mit den technischen Eigenschaften der Photovoltaik werden wichtigste Anforderungen und Schritte für die Durchführung eines ELCC für PV beschrieben.
Mittels einer softwaregestützten Inhaltsanalyse wird im Anschluss der definierte Rahmen für ein ELCC für PV getestet (und modifiziert) gegen eine Auswahl von 135 bereits existierender Studien, die sich mit dem Lebenszyklus von PV-Technologien aus ökologischer und ökonomischer Sicht beschäftigen. Im Ergebnis hieraus können die wichtigsten Elemente eines ELCC für PV, wie beispielsweise ökologische Wirkungskategorien oder ökonomische Indikatoren, identifiziert werden (methodisches Feedback).
In einem nächsten Schritt werden die Studien hinsichtlich ihrer “Qualität” bezogen auf ökologische, ökonomische und übergreifende Inhalte eines ELCC für PV bewertet. Auf diese Weise kann ein Inventar von Lebenszyklusanalysen für PV erstellt werden, das nach den Technologien und der inhaltlichen Qualität bezüglich eines ELCC strukturiert ist und für weitere Analysen als Grundlage dienen kann.
Aus den bisherigen Ergebissen kann eine erste Einschätzung zum aktuellen Stand des ELCC für PV in der Literatur vorgenommen werden: Es existiert bereits ein großer Pool von Studien, die sich mit dem Lebenszyklus der PV beschäftigen. Mit Blick auf die Anforderungen eines ELCC für PV besteht jedoch Nachholbedarf in der Verbindung und gemeinsamen Betrachtung von hot spots und trade offs aus ökologischer und ökonomischer Perspektive.
Der definierte theoretische Rahmen für ein ELCC für PV, die kodierten Studien sowie das erstellte Inventar von Lebenszyklusanalysen der PV können nun als Grundlage für weitere Analysen dienen. Insbesondere eine inhaltliche Auswertung der konkreten Ergebnisse von Studien kann so einen Benchmark und Orientierung für neue Lebenszyklusanalysen für PV-Technologien liefern.The special need of a sustainable energy supply in mind the technologies of the renewable source solar energy, especially photovoltaics (PV) is main subject of the present thesis. Using the inexhaustible, clean and “freely delievered” power from the sun solar devices may play a major role in a cleaner future, but, on the other hand, they are still energy consuming and expensive in their production which consequently demands a whole life cycle perspective when assessing this technology. For a closer look at PV the methodology of Environmental Life Cycle Costing (ELCC) is introduced by following three theoretical points of view. Namely these are sustainability, life cycle thinking and the three dimensional nature of this tool by regarding environmental, economic and technical aspects in their interaction. Based on theoretical elements of Life Cycle Assessment and Life Cycle Costing in combination with the technical background of photovoltaics main requirements and steps for performing an ELCC for PV are described. By executing software based content analysis the defined framework is checked (and modified) against a choice of 135 existing studies analyzing the life cycle of PV technologies from an environmental or economic perspective. As a result the main elements of an ELCC for PV, e.g. environmental impact categories and economic indicators, are identified (methodological feedback). Within the next step the existing studies are rated by their “quality” regarding the environmental, economic and more general parts of an ELCC for PV in order to create an inventory of life cycle studies for PV. This inventory is structured by technologies as well as quality of content respecting ELCC and might be used for further analyses. At this stage the results propose the possibility of a first estimate of the present status of ELCC for PV: until now there is a good pool of existing analyses of the life cycle of PV systems. But from an ELCC perspective the examination of common hot spots and trade offs between economic and environmental aspects should be expanded. The theoretical framework of ELCC for PV, the encoded studies and the inventory of life cycle analyses for PV are now the starting point for further analyses, especially of the individual outcome within studies, which will then pose a benchmark for new life cycle studies of PV technology.
40
Kishk, Mohammed El-Said. "An integrated fuzzy approach to whole life costing based decision making." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369051.
Full text
41
Ortega, Roberto A. "Including life cycle performance considerations in a product development process." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/18175.
Full text
42
Xie, Hongbo Brenda, and 谢洪波. "Integrated whole life cycle value evaluation framework for infrastructure megaprojects." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47753092.
Full textAbstract:
In the past decades, while many countries planned and undertook more and bigger
infrastructure megaprojects, poor performance has marred their delivery, for example
through cost overruns, delays, disputes, and shortfalls in expected benefits. It is therefore
important to improve performance levels, especially in infrastructure megaprojects that
can considerablely influence the economy, society and environment. Project evaluation is
an effective tool in project performance management as it provides stakeholders with a
management process through which they can learn from the past and perform better in the
future. Most of the traditional evaluation approaches emphasize the three basic success
criteria of time, budget and quality. However, with the increasing importance of
sustainability criteria and concerns, as well as the growing imperatives for stakeholder
engagement, it has already been suggested to reconsider and redefine value by also
evaluating other factors, such as those related to the environment and society. Therefore,
an integrated whole life cycle value (WLCV) evaluation framework is proposed in order to
improve infrastructure megaproject WLCV performance.
In this study, whole life cycle (WLC) evaluation has a two-fold meaning: (i) the evaluation
is based on a set of value factors drawn from a WLCV system; and (ii) this evaluation is a
systematic continuous process from the start to the end of the project. However,
considering the unique characteristics of every project, a totally fixed or static structure
and content framework is neither sufficient nor suitable for the various types of
infrastructure megaprojects. The recommended solution is to develop a semi-flexible
framework that enables a pre-determined step by step dynamic structure formulation and a
flexible WLCV system. In order to measure project WLCV derived from stakeholders’
expectations, from more objective and persuasive perspectives, the relevant value
objectives/criteria/indicators, their weightings and targets will be identified, integrated and
developed through this WLCV system. Cross-criteria relationships which have not been
addressed adequately before, will be dealt with by assigning appropriate weightings. It is
also proposed to build a database to store completed project information including various
stakeholders’ expectations expressed in the form of value objectives.
In order to develop the above proposed framework, a basic literature review was
conducted to reveal and analyze the significant evaluation problems, identify trends in
stakeholder engagement and develop the concept as well as typical criteria and indicators
of project WLCV. Meanwhile evaluation practices, stakeholder engagement in the process
of evaluation and WLCV perspectives in the Hong Kong construction industry were
examined through a first round of interviews and the first of two focus group meetings.
The first focus group meeting, second round interviews and the second focus group
meeting were conducted to improve the proposed framework by investigating the
importance of assigning an appropriate weighting to each value objective and each group
of stakeholders; elaborating the various value criteria to measure value objectives at
appropriate points of a project WLC. The findings from literature reviews, interviews,
focus group meetings and a case study were integrated and injected into developing the
aforementioned framework for building and administering the evaluation of project
WLCV in ways that could improve desired project WLC performance.
The outputs of the current research are expected to assist clients of infrastructure
megaprojects to build a sense of ownership among all the key stakeholders at the outset,
and to help motivate all stakeholders to be more co-operative, with a view to jointly
targeting and monitoring an agreed project WLCV, thereby helping to achieve better WLC
performance on infrastructure megaprojects.
The main contributions to knowledge from this research are in developing a
comprehensive evaluation methodology which combines and refines relevant components
from existing evaluation approaches as well as injects the WLCV concept and criteria into
a more holistic approach that is expected to identify and address current inadequacies in
infrastructure megaproject delivery.published_or_final_version
Civil Engineering
Master
Master of Philosophy
43
Hochschorner, Elisabeth. "Life Cycle Thinking in Environmentally Preferable Procurement." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Royal Institute of Technology, 2008. http://www.diva-portal.org/kth/theses/abstract.xsql?dbid=4705.
Full text
44
Butt, Ali Azhar. "Life Cycle Assessment of Asphalt Pavements including the Feedstock Energy and Asphalt Additives." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Väg- och banteknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-102763.
Full textAbstract:
Roads are assets to the society and an integral component in the development of a nation’s infrastructure. To build and maintain roads; considerable amounts of materials are required which consume quite an amount of electrical and thermal energy for production, processing and laying. The resources (materials and the sources of energy) should be utilized efficiently to avoid wastes and higher costs in terms of the currency and the environment. In order to enable quantification of the potential environmental impacts due to the construction, maintenance and disposal of roads, an open life cycle assessment (LCA) framework for asphalt pavements was developed. Emphasis was given on the calculation and allocation of energy used for the binder and the additives. Asphalt mixtures properties can be enhanced against rutting and cracking by modifying the binder with additives. Even though the immediate benefits of using additives such as polymers and waxes to modify the binder properties are rather well documented, the effects of such modification over the lifetime of a road are seldom considered. A method for calculating energy allocation in additives was suggested. The different choices regarding both the framework design and the case specific system boundaries were done in cooperation with the asphalt industry and the construction companies in order to increase the relevance and the quality of the assessment. Case-studies were performed to demonstrate the use of the LCA framework. The suggested LCA framework was demonstrated in a limited case study (A) of a typical Swedish asphalt pavement. Sensitivity analyses were also done to show the effect and the importance of the transport distances and the use of efficiently produced electricity mix. It was concluded that the asphalt production and materials transportation were the two most energy consuming processes that also emit the most GreenHouse Gases (GHG’s). The GHG’s, however, are largely depending on the fuel type and the electricity mix. It was also concluded that when progressing from LCA to its corresponding life cycle cost (LCC) the feedstock energy of the binder becomes highly relevant as the cost of the binder will be reflected in its alternative value as fuel. LCA studies can help to develop the long term perspective, linking performance to minimizing the overall energy consumption, use of resources and emissions. To demonstrate this, the newly developed open LCA framework was used for an unmodified and polymer modified asphalt pavement (Case study B). It was shown how polymer modification for improved performance affects the energy consumption and emissions during the life cycle of a road. From the case study (C) it was concluded that using bitumen with self-healing capacity can lead to a significant reduction in the GHG emissions and the energy usage. Furthermore, it was concluded that better understanding of the binder would lead to better optimized pavement design and thereby to reduced energy consumption and emissions. Production energy limits for the wax and polymer were determined which can assist the additives manufacturers to modify their production procedures and help road authorities in setting ‘green’ limits to get a real benefit from the additives over the lifetime of a road.QC 20120926
45
Rossick, Katelyn M. "The effect of carbonation after demolition on the life cycle assessment of pavements." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/89979.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 36-38).
The high contribution of CO₂ emissions associated with pavements has driven research to assess the life cycle of concrete versus asphalt structures and to develop a strategy to reduce the carbon footprint. The life cycle of pavement has been studied with respect to CO₂ emissions in the use phase of concrete as well as after the concrete is demolished. However, only a few have considered the effects of CO₂ uptake in the carbonation process during the use phase, and even fewer have studied the effects of carbonation after demolition. This work fills the gap between estimates of carbonation in a life cycle assessment for pavements by considering the effects of the storage method on the uptake of CO₂ after the concrete demolished. It is observed that how the concrete is stored after demolition can have an influence on the CO₂ uptake of the structure. There is also an increase in the amount of the CO₂ emitted during the calcination process that is taken back up by the concrete structure during the carbonation process to a level of 6 - 30% from previously predicted values of 5-10% which assume no carbonation after demolition. The incorporation of carbonation after demolition into a comparative life cycle assessment between asphalt and concrete pavement is used to better predict the pavement material with the lower environmental impact considering variations in the climate zone, traffic level, maintenance schedule, design life and analysis period.
by Katelyn M. Rossick.
S.B.
46
Rehan, Talal Yaser. "Analysis of Life-Cycle Cost, Properties, and Field Performance of Parking Lot Pavements." Thesis, Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10158413.
Full textAbstract:
As population and traffic increase, improvements in the paving industry including roadways, parking lots, and sidewalks are desired. Pavements have a key effect on the quantity and quality of rainwater runoff and reserved ground water. More so, regulations towards constructing and paving these new areas are becoming stricter especially in urban areas where available land is becoming limited. Permeable pavements are more common than ever, and are a solution to rainwater runoff, recharging ground water, and reducing the costs associated with treating storm water.
Permeable pavements are available alternative to conventional pavements and are becoming more applicable and more widespread. Unlike conventional pavements, permeable pavements have major obstacles to acceptance and use since there is limited research on these types of pavements, with only a handful of guidelines and properties for users to follow.
This research incorporates two technical concepts on two topic areas. The first topic can be used to assist decision makers, planners, and owners in selecting their pavement type for their intended use by analyzing and comparing the life-cycle cost for four pavement types. Two of these are conventional impermeable pavements: Hot-Mix Asphalt and Portland Cement Concrete and two are permeable pavements: Porous Asphalt and Pervious Concrete. This first topic area will also summarize tables of advantages and limitations for each pavement type. The second topic area of this paper will help initiate guidelines on how to design, mix, batch, place, cure, and test pervious concrete.
47
Giustozzi, Filippo. "Life Cycle Assessment of Sustainable Road Pavements: Carbon Footprinting and Multi-attribute Analysis." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77108.
Full textAbstract:
Sustainability is increasingly becoming a significant part of strategic asset management worldwide. Road agencies are providing guidelines to assess the relative sustainability of road projects. Unfortunately, environmental features of a road project are still considered as stand-alone evaluations, an added value. Very little has been done to integrate environmental impacts as a part of pavement management systems and other decision support tools to choose between different strategies. In this way, being awarded with a "green" certificate for a specific road project could result in the belief that recognition would correspond to the optimal strategy. Furthermore, a road project awarded with a "green" rating during the construction phase does not mean that the project results "green" if a life cycle approach is considered. Indeed, the most environmental friendly strategies may not be the ones with the highest performance. Using "greener" materials or performing recycle-related practices may lead to a lower performance over the life cycle and therefore produce an increase in maintenance needed, which could in turn result into more congestion due to work zones and higher total emissions. Therefore, construction and maintenance strategies should be analyzed according to three main parameters: cost, performance or effectiveness, and environmental impacts.
The cost analysis part takes into account outflows over the service life of the pavement according to the well-known Life Cycle Cost Analysis methodology. The cheapest maintenance technique over the analysis period was expounded and sensitivity analyses to involved factors were conducted. Performance assessment was developed according to experimental on site data gathered and analyzed over several years to develop deterioration pavement models. Effectiveness of maintenance treatments is further provided and compared to the volume of traffic. In addition, environmental impacts related to maintenance and rehabilitation strategies were analyzed. Emissions were computed over the life cycle of the pavement from the manufacture of raw materials for the initial construction, placement, and maintenance phase. Finally, an optimization procedure was developed for including environmental impacts into a Pavement Management System. A methodology to set a multi-attribute approach system, computing costs, performance, and eco-efficiency over the life cycle of the pavement, is therefore proposed.Ph. D.
48
Malhotra, Vaibhav. "Life cycle cost analysis of a novel cooling and power gas turbine engine." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0011865.
Full text
49
Qiao, Yaning. "Flexible pavements and climate change : impact of climate change on the performance, maintenance, and life-cycle costs of flexible pavements." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2015. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/29582/.
Full textAbstract:
Flexible pavements are environmentally sensitive elements of infrastructure and their performance can be influenced by climate. Climate change poses a challenge to design and management of flexible pavements in the future. Climate change can occur worldwide and thus all flexible pavements can be exposed to the impact. However, an assessment framework is not available to evaluate the impact of climate change on flexible pavements in terms of performance, maintenance decision-making and the subsequent life-cycle costs (LCC). This research has attempted to develop such a framework. Case studies on six flexible pavement sections from the United States were performed to demonstrate the application of the framework. The framework started with the investigation of climate change using IPCC’s (Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change) climate change projections. Combinations of climate change projections and local historical climate were adopted as climatic inputs for the prediction of pavement performance. The Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG) was used for prediction of pavement performance because it can provide reliable performance predictions with consideration of climatic factors. Pavement performance predictions were applied to schedule maintenance interventions. Maintenance effects of treatments were considered in maintenance decision-making. Maintenance effect models of International Roughness Index (IRI) and rutting were validated using pavement condition survey data from Virginia. With selected climate related LCC components, three maintenance interventions were optimised using a genetic algorithm to achieve the minimum LCC. Eventually the outputs of the system including pavement performance, intervention strategies, and LCC can be compared under various climate change and baseline scenarios. Hence, the differences in performance, decision-making, and LCC due to climate change can be derived. The conclusions were drawn based on the scheme of maintenance decision-making. If flexible pavements are not maintained (Alternative 0), an increase in LCC will be incurred by climate change due to an increase in road roughness (IRI). For pavements maintained with strict thresholds (Alternative 1), climate change may lead to a significant reduction in the service life when the maintenance is triggered by climate sensitive distress. However, benefit can be gained from decreasing LCC as the earlier triggered maintenance may result in less average IRI. As a consequence, user costs, which can be associated with IRI, can be reduced. Hence, LCC can be reduced as user costs usually dominate LCC. However, the net present value (NPV) of agency costs can be increased due to the early intervention. For pavements with optimised maintenance (Alternative 2), the LCC is almost unaffected by climate change. However, the type or application time of interventions may need to be changed in order to achieve this. Furthermore, the balance between agency and user costs did not seem to be influenced by climate change for Alternative 2. Agencies should be aware that maintenance optimisation can significantly reduce the LCC and make the best use of treatments to mitigate the effects of climate change on flexible pavements. Pavement maintained with strict triggers may require earlier interventions as a result of climate change but can gain benefit in LCC. However, this indicates that a responsive maintenance regime may not take full advantage of interventions and that maintenance could be planned to be performed earlier in order to achieve minimised LCC. Due to climate change, road users may spend more on fuels, lubricants and tyre wear on flexible pavement sections that do not receive any maintenance treatments.
50
Ximenes, Naves Alex. "Whole Life Sustainability Assessment at the Building Industry and Constructed Assets, through the Whole Life Costing Assessment and Life Cycle Costing Assessment evaluating the economic and financial aspects." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670202.
Full textAbstract:
Els edificis d’energia neta poden ser entesos com a edificis, que durant un temps determinat generen tanta energia
com consumeixen. Ja sigui des del punt de vista de l’oferta o el consum, la disponibilitat d’energia està relacionada
amb alguns aspectes bàsics, com ara la font (s), la conversió, la distribució, l’ús, el malbaratament, l’optimització,
l’eficiència i l’autonomia. Aquests temes revelen la complexitat del tema de l'energia i justifiquen l'atenció especial que
li dóna la comunitat acadèmica.
Per obtenir resultats tangibles en l'anàlisi d'aquests sistemes, en el nostre estudi ens centrem en la modelització i
optimització de solucions energètiques aplicades a edificis o sistemes similars. D'altra banda, el període de temps dels
objectes analitzats es va estendre fins al seu període de cicle de vida previst.
Es van establir els objectius principals com: - Verificar i analitzar l’estat de la tecnologia de les energies renovables per
a edificis i actius construïts i l’aplicabilitat de l’anàlisi de costos del cicle de vida a aquests temes; - Configurar models
reproductibles d’edificis i les seves principals càrregues elèctriques, mitjançant eines d’enginyeria de processos
assistits per ordinador, per procedir a simulacions i optimització, considerant-se com a font d’energia primària l’energia
solar; - Quantificar, utilitzant estudis de casos reals i hipotètics, els beneficis de les solucions proposades, amb
l'objectiu de realitzar tota l'avaluació de la sostenibilitat de la vida mitjançant la reducció de tot el cost del cicle de vida;Los edificios de energía de red cero pueden entenderse como edificios, que durante un tiempo dado generan tanta energía como consumen. O bien, desde el punto de vista del suministro o el consumo, la disponibilidad de energía está relacionada con algunos problemas básicos, como las fuentes, la conversión, la distribución, la utilización, el desperdicio, la optimización, la eficiencia y la autonomía. Estos problemas revelan la complejidad del tema de la energía y justifican la atención especial que le presta la comunidad académica. Para obtener resultados tangibles en el análisis de estos sistemas, en nuestro estudio nos centramos en el modelado y la optimización de soluciones energéticas aplicadas a edificios o sistemas similares. Por otro lado, el período de tiempo de los objetos analizados se extendió a su período de ciclo de vida esperado. Los objetivos principales se establecieron como: - Verificar y analizar el estado de la técnica de las soluciones de energía renovable para edificios y activos construidos y la aplicabilidad del análisis de costos de ciclo de vida a estas cuestiones; - Configure modelos reproducibles de edificios y sus principales cargas eléctricas, a través de herramientas de Ingeniería de Procesos Asistidos por Computadora, para proceder a simulaciones y optimización, considerando como fuente de energía primaria la energía solar;
Net-zero energy buildings can be understood as buildings, that for a given time, generate as much energy as they consume. Either, from the point of view of supply or consumption, energy availability is related to some basic issues such as source (s), conversion, distribution, utilization, waste, optimization, efficiency and autonomy. These issues reveal the complexity of the subject of energy and justify the special attention given to it by the academic community. To obtain tangible results in the analysis of these systems, in our study we focus on the modelling and optimization of energy solutions applied to buildings or similar systems. On the other hand, the time frame of the analysed objects was extended to their expected life cycle period. The main objectives were stablished as: - Verify and analyse the state-of-the-art of renewable energy solutions for buildings and constructed assets and the applicability of life cycle costing analysis to these issues; - Configure reproducible models of buildings and their main electrical loads, via Computer Aided Process Engineering tools, to proceed simulations and optimization, considering as primary energy source solar energy; - Quantify, using real-life and hypothetical case studies, the benefits of the proposed solutions, aiming the whole life sustainability assessment through the reduction of the whole life cycle costing; and - Guarantee the reproducibility of the models and main general results of this study and make them public, to contribute with their applicability and further researches.