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1

Ahmed, Anwaar, Tariq Usman Saeed, and Samuel Labi. "ESTIMATION OF REST PERIODS FOR NEWLY CONSTRUCTED/RECONSTRUCTED PAVEMENTS." TRANSPORT 31, no. 2 (June 28, 2016): 183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2016.1193050.

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Newly-constructed and reconstructed highway pavements under the effect of traffic loading and climatic severity deteriorate progressively and need preservation intervention after a certain number of years following their construction. In the literature, the term ‘rest period’ has been used to refer to the number of years that elapse between the construction completion to the application of first major repair activity. The rest period is a critical piece of information that agencies use to not only plan and budget for the first major repair activity but also to develop more confidently, their life-cycle activity schedules for life cycle costing, work programming, and long-term plans. However, the literature lacks established procedures for predicting rest periods on the basis of pavement performance thresholds. In the absence of such resources, highway agencies rely mostly on expert opinion for establishing the rest periods for their pavement sections. In addressing this issue, this paper presents a statistical methodology for establishing the rest periods for newly-constructed or reconstructed pavements. The methodology was demonstrated using empirical data from in-service pavements in a Midwestern State in the US. The paper’s results show that the rest periods of newlyconstructed and reconstructed highway pavements are significantly influenced by their functional class, surface material type, traffic loading level, and climate severity.
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2

Ambo, Alemayehu, F. R. Wilson, and A. M. Sevens. "Highway cost allocation methodologies." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 19, no. 4 (August 1, 1992): 680–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l92-077.

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Four methodologies of life-cycle highway cost allocation were examined using the province of New Brunswick, Canada, as a case study. The first two methodologies were reported by Wong and Markov. The third methodology was suggested by Rilett et al. The fourth methodology was introduced as part of the research project. It was in line with the procedures practised in public accounts for the construction and maintenance of roads on a continuing basis. The four methodologies were tested using the same data base pertaining to vehicle types; traffic measures (independent vehicle, passenger car equivalents, and equivalent standard axle loads); and costs of construction, maintenance, and rehabilitation. These data were applicable to a major two-lane highway in the study area. Six sites were selected for the case study. An analysis period of 60 years, three traffic growth scenarios, and three pavement design periods were considered. Eleven types of vehicles, comprising passenger cars, light trucks and vans, trucks, buses, and recreational vehicles, were used in the analysis. The assessment of the methodologies resulted in the recommendation of, and the suggestions for, the costing of highways. Key words: equivalent standard axle loads, passenger car equivalents, vehicle count, life-cycle costing, unit costs, accumulated costs, annual costs, discounted costs.
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3

Rafiq, Waqas, Muhammad Ali Musarat, Muhammad Altaf, Madzlan Napiah, Muslich Hartadi Sutanto, Wesam Salah Alaloul, Muhammad Faisal Javed, and Amir Mosavi. "Life Cycle Cost Analysis Comparison of Hot Mix Asphalt and Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement: A Case Study." Sustainability 13, no. 8 (April 15, 2021): 4411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13084411.

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In the construction and maintenance of asphalt pavement, reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) is being widely used as a cheaper alternative to the conventional hot mix asphalt (HMA). HMA incorporated with a high RAP content (e.g., 40%), which is the most commonly used, may have prominent adverse effects on life cycle, performance properties, and related costs. Thus, before utilizing RAP, it is essential to investigate whether it is still economical to use under the local climate by taking into consideration the life cycle performance. Therefore, for this paper, a case study was conducted using 20% RAP, assessed in terms of materials related to cost analysis. The results of the analysis showed that, from the total life cycle costing measurement, a total of 14% cost reduction was reported using RAP as compared to conventional materials. Moreover, the two materials (conventional HMA and RAP) are manufactured in different types of manufacturing plants. Thus, in analyzing the cost difference between the two chosen manufacturing plants for virgin materials and RAP, a total of 57% cost reduction was observed for a RAP manufacturing plant. Besides this, no cost difference was observed in the rest of the phases, such as manpower, materials transportation, and construction activities, as the same procedures and types of machinery are used. Furthermore, assessing the carbon dioxide impact and cost, the transportation and machinery emissions were considered, while the plant’s operation emission was omitted due to the unavailability of the data.
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4

Shahin, M. Y., James A. Crovetti, and Kurt A. Keifer. "Assessing Impact of Bus Traffic on Pavement Maintenance Costs: City of Los Angeles." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1853, no. 1 (January 2003): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1853-04.

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Engineers for the city of Los Angeles have observed that lanes carrying Mass Transit Authority (MTA) bus traffic deteriorate at a faster rate than similar lanes without bus traffic. The increased rate of deterioration results in greater maintenance costs in these lanes. To properly apportion the increased maintenance costs, city engineers need an objective method for quantifying the impact of MTA bus traffic. Multiple evaluation techniques are presented that may be used to quantify the effect of buses in terms of increased deterioration rates and greater rehabilitation costs. State-of-the-art techniques that use the results of deflection testing and pavement condition surveys are presented. Data collection procedures, methods for condition and structural analyses, and life-cycle costing procedures are provided. A case study that uses data collected from the city is presented. This study indicates an average yearly additional maintenance cost of $800 per lane-mile caused by MTA bus traffic, excluding associated costs for curb and gutter or maintenance hole adjustments.
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5

Michaux, L., and J. Gruyters. "Life Cycle Costing." European Procurement & Public Private Partnership Law Review 15, no. 1 (2020): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21552/epppl/2020/1/9.

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6

Norman, George. "Life cycle costing." Property Management 8, no. 4 (April 1990): 344–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eum0000000003380.

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7

Keuper, Frank. "Life Cycle Costing." Business + Innovation 2, no. 3 (March 2011): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1365/s35789-011-0021-4.

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8

Gille, Christian. "Life Cycle Costing." Controlling 22, no. 1 (2010): 31–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15358/0935-0381-2010-1-31.

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9

Kádárová, Jaroslava, Ján Kobulnický, and Katarína Teplicka. "Product Life Cycle Costing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 816 (November 2015): 547–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.816.547.

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Successful performance of a company and its ability to handle growing competition is dependent on its capacity of implementing new technologies and making use of new methods of management. This report aims at cost management tool that enables controlling of costs through the whole life-cycle. Life Cycle Costing allows us to look at the start-up costs and the costs associated with the cessation of production, after-sales services costs and other expenses not taken into account in planned or operational calculation, see them as one unit and thereby evaluate the effectiveness of the product. Before establishing a production, calculation of the life-cycle costs is based on various factors which can be found in this article as well as the division of costs within the scope of calculation. It contains an example of calculation and accurate illustrations of process-based models of life-cycle costing from different points of view brought by various authors dealing with this topic, the usage of costing and the relationship with other calculations that are component parts of a company’s strategic cost management.
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10

Daw, Andrew J. "Systems life cycle costing." Journal of Engineering Design 23, no. 1 (January 2012): 75–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09544828.2011.623019.

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11

Jagdishsingh, Real, and Rahul S Patil. "Life Cycle Costing Method." IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering 11, no. 2 (2014): 01–05. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/1684-11220105.

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12

Alexander, Keith. "Computer aided life cycle costing." Facilities 5, no. 11 (November 1987): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb006422.

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13

Honey, Gerald. "LIFE‐CYCLE COSTING FOR LIFTS." Facilities 7, no. 12 (December 1989): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb006517.

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14

Slowiak, Paul F. "Life Cycle Costing in Hospitals." Hospital Topics 63, no. 1 (February 1985): 31–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00185868.1985.9948393.

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15

Emblemsvag, Jan. "Activity‐based life‐cycle costing." Managerial Auditing Journal 16, no. 1 (February 2001): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02686900110363447.

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16

Gransberg, Douglas. "Life Cycle Costing for Engineers." Construction Management and Economics 28, no. 10 (October 2010): 1113–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01446193.2010.508500.

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17

Ntuen, Celestine A. "Reliability-based life cycle costing." Microelectronics Reliability 27, no. 5 (January 1987): 833–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0026-2714(87)90330-1.

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18

Kambanou, Marianna Lena. "Additional uses for life cycle costing in life cycle management." Procedia CIRP 90 (2020): 718–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2020.01.128.

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19

Gardner, L., R. B. Cruise, C. P. Sok, K. Krishnan, and J. Ministro Dos Santos. "Life-cycle costing of metallic structures." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Engineering Sustainability 160, no. 4 (December 2007): 167–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/ensu.2007.160.4.167.

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20

KOBAYASHI, Mitsuru, Kazuaki ISHIZAKA, and Norihiro ITSUBO. "Life cycle costing for IC package." Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, Japan 2, no. 1 (2006): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3370/lca.2.85.

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21

Flanagan, R., A. Kendell, G. Norman, and G. D. Robinson. "Life cycle costing and risk management." Construction Management and Economics 5, no. 4 (December 15, 1987): S53—S71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01446193.1987.10462093.

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22

Wübbenhorst, Klaus L. "Life cycle costing for construction projects." Long Range Planning 19, no. 4 (August 1986): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0024-6301(86)90275-x.

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23

Daniel, D. W. "Life Cycle Costing and the Facts of Life." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 205, no. 2 (July 1991): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1991_205_251_02.

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24

Müller-Clostermann, Bruno. "Electronic systems effectiveness and life cycle costing." Microprocessing and Microprogramming 15, no. 4 (April 1985): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-6074(85)90084-5.

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25

Gutschelhofer, Alfred, and Hanno Roberts. "Anglo-Saxon and German life-cycle costing." International Journal of Accounting 32, no. 1 (January 1997): 23–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7063(97)90003-0.

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26

Hoar, D. W. "AN OVERVIEW OF LIFE‐CYCLE COSTING TECHNIQUES." Property Management 6, no. 2 (February 1988): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb006685.

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27

Morgan, Susan M., Dianne H. Kay, and S. Narayan Bodapati. "Study of Noise Barrier Life-Cycle Costing." Journal of Transportation Engineering 127, no. 3 (June 2001): 230–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-947x(2001)127:3(230).

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28

Pålsson, L., H. Akselsson, and O. Wååk. "Life Cycle Costing in the Swedish Railways." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Transport Engineering 199, no. 2 (April 1985): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1985_199_145_01.

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This paper introduces the concept of life cycle cost (LCC) and reliability performance as contractual requirements in the acquisition of new equipment, and points out the benefits to the purchaser. It goes on to describe the models and computer programs used by Swedish State Railways to implement LCC and outlines two case studies. The paper concludes with some advice on setting up and operating an LCC system.
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29

Schneiderova Heralova, R. "Life Cycle Costing of Public Construction Projects." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 290 (June 21, 2019): 012060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/290/1/012060.

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30

Arditi, David A., and Hany M. Messiha. "Life-Cycle Costing in Municipal Construction Projects." Journal of Infrastructure Systems 2, no. 1 (March 1996): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1076-0342(1996)2:1(5).

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31

Jiang, Mingxiang, Ross B. Corotis, and J. Hugh Ellis. "Optimal Life-Cycle Costing with Partial Observability." Journal of Infrastructure Systems 6, no. 2 (June 2000): 56–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1076-0342(2000)6:2(56).

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32

Vizayakumar, K., P. K. J. Mohapatra, B. Adhikari, S. Srinivasan, S. Sahu, and H. Das. "Life cycle costing of woven poly sacks." International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 7, no. 3 (May 2002): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02994065.

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33

Gustafsson, Stig-Inge, and Björn G. Karlsson. "Window retrofits: Interaction and life-cycle costing." Applied Energy 39, no. 1 (January 1991): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-2619(91)90060-b.

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34

Blash, Allen, William Butler, Lindy Clark, Kyle Fleming, and LTC Jennifer Kasker. "Engineered Resilient System Life Cycle Costing Model." Industrial and Systems Engineering Review 4, no. 2 (November 12, 2016): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.37266/iser.2016v4i2.pp149-155.

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In order to make the best use of the defense spending budget, it is critical that the Department of Defense (DoD) accurately predict the Research, Development, Test and Evaluation (RDT&E), Procurement, and Operation and Support (O&S) costs down to the third level of the Work Breakdown Structure for Major Defense Acquisition Project (MDAP) wheeled or tracked vehicles. This research utilizes historical data, extracted from government databases, to develop cost estimating relationships (CERs) that predict the life cycle cost of wheeled and tracked vehicles based on attributes. This research can also be leveraged for defense acquisition programs across the DoD portfolio. The model will be integrated into a tradespace analysis tool, ERS & CREATE-GV, which was developed by ERDC to predict the cost of each alternative created in the tradespace.
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35

Swei, Omar, Jeremy Gregory, and Randolph Kirchain. "Probabilistic Life-Cycle Cost Analysis of Pavements." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2523, no. 1 (January 2015): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2523-06.

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36

White, Greg. "Comparing the Cost of Rigid and Flexible Aircraft Pavements Using a Parametric Whole of Life Cost Analysis." Infrastructures 6, no. 8 (August 20, 2021): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures6080117.

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The construction and maintenance costs, as well as the residual value, were calculated for structurally equivalent rigid and flexible airfield pavements, for a range of typical commercial aircraft, as well as a range for typical subgrade conditions. Whole of life cost analysis was performed for a range of analysis periods, from 40 years to 100 years. For the standard 40-year analysis period and a residual value based on rigid pavement reconstruction, the rigid pavements had a 40% to 105% higher whole of life cost than equivalent flexible pavements, although this comparison is limited to the pavement compositions and material cost rates adopted. However, longer analysis periods had a significant impact on the relative whole of life cost, although the rigid pavements always had a higher cost than the flexible pavements. The assumed condition of the rigid pavement at the end of the design life was the most influential factor, with a 60-year service life resulting in the rigid pavements having a lower whole of life cost than the flexible pavements, but assuming a requirement for expedient rigid pavement reconstruction resulted in the rigid pavements costing approximately 4–6 times the cost of the flexible pavements over the 40-year analysis period.
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37

Luo, Lin, Ester van der Voet, and Gjalt Huppes. "Life cycle assessment and life cycle costing of bioethanol from sugarcane in Brazil." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 13, no. 6-7 (August 2009): 1613–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2008.09.024.

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38

Trigaux, Damien, Lien Wijnants, Frank De Troyer, and Karen Allacker. "Life cycle assessment and life cycle costing of road infrastructure in residential neighbourhoods." International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 22, no. 6 (September 20, 2016): 938–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11367-016-1190-x.

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39

Bhochhibhoya, Silu, Massimo Pizzol, Wouter M. J. Achten, Ramesh Kumar Maskey, Michela Zanetti, and Raffaele Cavalli. "Comparative life cycle assessment and life cycle costing of lodging in the Himalaya." International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 22, no. 11 (October 28, 2016): 1851–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11367-016-1212-8.

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40

Antunes, Lucas, Enedir Ghisi, and Liseane Thives. "Permeable Pavements Life Cycle Assessment: A Literature Review." Water 10, no. 11 (November 3, 2018): 1575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10111575.

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The number of studies involving life cycle assessment has increased significantly in recent years. The life cycle assessment has been applied to assess the environmental performance of water infrastructures, including the environmental impacts associated with construction, maintenance and disposal, mainly evaluating the amount of greenhouse gas emissions, as well as the consumption of energy and natural resources. The objective of this paper is to present an overview of permeable pavements and show studies of life cycle assessment that compare the environmental performance of permeable pavements with traditional drainage systems. Although the studies found in the literature present an estimate of the sustainability of permeable pavements, the great heterogeneity in the evaluation methods and results is still notable. Therefore, it is necessary to homogenize the phases of goal and scope, inventory analysis, impact assessment and interpretation. It is also necessary to define the phases and processes of the evaluation, as well as the minimum amount of data to be considered in the modelling of life cycle assessment, in order to avoid heterogeneity in the functional units and other components. Thus, more consistent results will lead to a real evaluation of the environmental impacts caused by permeable pavements. Life cycle assessment studies are essential to guide planning and decision-making, leading to systems that consider increasing water resources and reducing natural disasters and environmental impacts.
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41

Jiran, Nur Syamimi, Muhamad Zameri Mat Saman, and Noordin Mohd. Yusof. "Life Cycle Costing Model for the Membrane System." Asia Proceedings of Social Sciences 4, no. 1 (April 17, 2019): 64–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31580/apss.v4i1.584.

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Computerized cost estimation though cost model help user to estimating product cost since the early stage of product development. Total product cost is an economic indicator that a sustainable product promotes a good impact on the environment but also contribute a profit increased to the organization. In addition, the cost model could be a decision-making tool for the organization in selecting alternatives to replace the older system in term of financial and other benefits offered by the new technology. The proposed cost model helps membrane user to select the lower membrane system’s cost during its complete lifespan and it helps management to rearrange the production line and filtering system in reducing the total cost. Activity-based costing (ABC) useful in estimating the overhead cost, the total cost of the membrane system and also other useful information in improving the whole membrane system.
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42

Westkämper, E., and D. v. d. Osten-Sacken. "Product Life Cycle Costing Applied to Manufacturing Systems." CIRP Annals 47, no. 1 (1998): 353–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0007-8506(07)62849-2.

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43

Woodward, David G. "Life cycle costing—Theory, information acquisition and application." International Journal of Project Management 15, no. 6 (December 1997): 335–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0263-7863(96)00089-0.

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44

Liapis, Konstantinos J., and Dimitrios D. Kantianis. "Depreciation Methods and Life-cycle Costing (LCC) Methodology." Procedia Economics and Finance 19 (2015): 314–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(15)00032-5.

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45

Cole, Raymond J., and Eva Sterner. "Reconciling theory and practice of life-cycle costing." Building Research & Information 28, no. 5-6 (September 2000): 368–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/096132100418519.

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46

Akhlaghi, Fari. "Life cycle costing — a tool for decision making." Facilities 5, no. 8 (August 1987): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb006413.

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47

Janz, D., W. Sihn, and H. J. Warnecke. "Product Redesign Using Value-Oriented Life Cycle Costing." CIRP Annals 54, no. 1 (2005): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0007-8506(07)60038-9.

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48

Moussatche, Helena, and Jennifer Languell. "Flooring materials – life‐cycle costing for educational facilities." Facilities 19, no. 10 (October 2001): 333–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02632770110399370.

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49

Herrmann, C., S. Kara, and S. Thiede. "Dynamic life cycle costing based on lifetime prediction." International Journal of Sustainable Engineering 4, no. 3 (February 24, 2011): 224–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19397038.2010.549245.

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50

Knauer, Thorsten, and Katja Möslang. "The adoption and benefits of life cycle costing." Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change 14, no. 2 (June 4, 2018): 188–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jaoc-04-2016-0027.

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Purpose Although life cycle costing (LCC) is well established in theory and practice, little is known about the conditions of its adoption and its impact on the achievement of cost-management goals. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze the adoption and benefits of LCC. Design/methodology/approach The analyses are based on questionnaires collected from a survey of German firms. Findings The results demonstrate that the extent of LCC adoption is positively associated with the extent of guarantee and warranty costs, voluntary upfront and follow-up costs for ecological sustainability and the extent of target costing adoption. In contrast, the extent of LCC adoption is negatively associated with the amount of precursors and/or intermediates that are purchased. The results also demonstrate that firms perceive LCC to be beneficial for various aspects of cost management. Firms report that the greatest benefit of LCC is related to the identification of cost drivers. Research limitations/implications This investigation provides a starting point for future studies of the conditions of LCC adoption and the benefits of LCC. This study is subject to limitations, particularly with respect to the operationalization of our independent variables, the number of contextual variables and the general limitations of survey research. Practical implications The results inform practitioners of the situations in which it is most appropriate to adopt LCC. In addition, this study identifies various cost-management goals that are supported by the use of LCC. Originality/value This study provides the first comprehensive analysis of the conditions of LCC adoption and advances the literature regarding the impact of LCC on the achievement of cost-management goals. Furthermore, this study provides a starting point for future research into the implementation of LCC and the effects of LCC on management accounting practices.
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