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Galitsky, Joshua. "Paving the Mega Cities : Dynapac Red Carpet." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen Designhögskolan, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-67503.
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While the design and the technology behind the vehicles we drive has gone a long way, the main principle in which we construct our roads today, the materials and the machinery we use to do it has hardly changed for the last 40 years.This project takes a fresh look at an industry that has remained stagnant for several decades. Looking into a future in which large Mega-Cities will develop, the aim of this project will be to develop a new solution for constructing and maintaining the transport arteries in those cities. This project was performed in collaboration with Dynapac, a leading manufacturer of road construction equipment, with supporting feedback from NCC roads, the Scandinavian road construction group.
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Palnati, Mahendra. "Design, Fabrication and Analysis of a Paver Machine Push Bar Mechanism." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6007.
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Now-a-days, the major challenge that’s being faced by the concrete industry is the cleaning of concrete handling equipment. Concrete consists of aggregates, which harden with time, and the transportation of concrete mixture within the plant is a significant problem. This will not only increase the overall maintenance cost, but will lead to loss of raw materials, affect the rate of production, and reduce the lifetime of concrete handling equipment.
The present study focuses on the design and implementation of an adaptive cleaning mechanism in the concrete industry and its importance in achieving efficient cleaning, which is tested to verify its performance in the Paver production plant. The goal of this study is to provide practical evidence about the importance of adaptive cleaning mechanisms for industrial applications.
The first chapter gives a detailed introduction about pavers and the production process, the cause of material loss that occurs during transportation of wet concrete mixture inside a paver plant, and its effect on handling equipment and work environment. The second chapter explains design and working of the paver machine push bar mechanism, which can be implemented in a hydraulic press production process of pavers. The third chapter includes analysis and results of the mechanism obtained using Solidworks and Autodesk Inventor followed by observations that are achieved based on practical application of this mechanism in a paver production plant.
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Fioriti, Cesar Fabiano. "Pavimentos intertravados de concreto utilizando resíduos de pneus como material alternativo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18139/tde-27092007-184727/.
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A utilização de resíduos tem se mostrado como uma boa alternativa na redução do impacto causado pelo consumo desordenado de matéria-prima e pela redução das áreas de disposição, em virtude do grande volume de resíduos descartados a cada ano em todo mundo. Neste contexto se inserem os resíduos de pneus provenientes da recauchutagem. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de estudar algumas propriedades de pavers de concreto, com substituição parcial do agregado por resíduos de pneus. Para a produção dos pavers foram consideradas as faixas de consumo de cimento Portland de 292,84 kg/m³, 323,06 kg/m³ e 347,00 kg/m³, e os níveis de incorporação dos resíduos estudados foram de 8%, 10%, 12%, 15% e 20%, em volume. As propriedades foram: resistência à compressão, absorção de água, resistência ao impacto, resistência à abrasão profunda e expansão por umidade. Os resultados mostram que ocorre queda na resistência à compressão. Na absorção de água, não podemos afirmar que essa propriedade é afetada de maneira negativa. Os pavers demonstraram grande capacidade de absorção de energia (tenacidade). Os resultados de resistência à abrasão mostram-se interessantes para a aplicação em ambientes com baixas solicitações. A expansão por umidade não afetará o intertravamento dos pavers. Dessa forma, os resultados mostraram viabilidade na utilização dos pavers com resíduos de pneus em pavimentação intertravada com solicitações leves.Concerns regarding the environment and shortage of natural resources have led the way for sustainable alternatives. The recycling process seems to be a suitable alternative to minimize the use of natural resources as well as the lack of proper disposal sites caused by the large amounts of discarded waste worldwide. Within this context, rubber residues from recapped tires are used for insertion. This work was developed with the objective of studying some of the properties of concrete paving, with partial substitution of the aggregate for tire residues. For the production of pavers the bands of Portland cement consumption was considered at 292,84 kg/m³, 323,06 kg/m³ and 347,00 kg/m³, and the levels of residues incorporation at 8%, 10%, 12%, 15% and 20%, in volume. The studied properties were: compressive strength, water absorption, impact resistance, deep abrasion and expansion resistance to humidity. The results show decrease in the compressive strength. The water absorption does not undergo negative influence. Pavers demonstrated substantial capacity for energy absorption (tenacity). The results of abrasion resistance reveal interesting applications for locales with low degree of demands. Expansion by humidity will not affect the interspersing of pavers. However, the results have shown viability in the use of pavers interspersed with tire residues in asphalt with light load demands.
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Fraboni, Maurizio. "Structures urbaines participatives : le cas de Pavie." Paris, EHESS, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991EHES0045.
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La ville de pavie a ete le siege de l'une des premiere experiences italiennes de creation de structures institutionnelles visant a favoriser la participation des citoyens a la vie publique. L'enthousiasme et les ambitions avec lesquels elle fut concue au debut des annees 70 ont depuis longtemps laisse la place a l'insatisfaction unanime des acteurs politiques et sociaux concernes. Cette these se propose d'etre un instrument pour aller au-dela d'un debat qui tend a s'exprimer exclusivement en termes de responsabilites subjectives. En cette perspective, on y analyse: la relation entre la nature de la mobilisation sociale spontanee et la qualite des structures participatives; la pratique de la participation par rapport aux contenus des politiques sociales et de la planification urbaine; l'impact sur l'experience pavoise des changements institutionnels qui interviennent au fur et a mesure au niveau national; les changements sociaux et demographiques, et les transformations culturelles qui leur sont liees. Cette approche permet de montrer comment les formes de participation actuelle ont desormais epuise leur tache, et de definir un modele alternatif approprie au niveau contexteThe city of pavia was one of the first italian cities to provide an institutional structure for community participation in local decision making. When this structure was devised in the 1970's there was great enthusiasm about the idea and great expectations regarding its practical application. This thesis attempts to provide a way to go beyond a debate which tends to express only subjective responsability, by examining the objective factors in play. In this context the following are analyzed: the relationship between the nature of spontaneous social mobilization and the quality of the community structure; the practice of community democracy in relationship to the contents of social politics and urban plnning; the impact of various institutional changes at national level on the pavia experience and finally social and demografic changes together with the cultural changes connected with them. Using this approach it is shown that the currently existing forms of participation have outlived their function and a new, more adeguate model is proposed. However, by now the political and social actors involved in the structure feel frustated by it
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Patel, Dhaivat. "E-CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGIES FOR EFFICIENT HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION INSPECTIONS." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/ce_etds/77.
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Over recent years, organizations such as the Federal Highway Administration and Departments of Transportation across the United States have showed interest in automating highway construction processes. The addition of e-Construction and other advanced technologies can significantly improve the efficiency and safety of highway paving operations, specifically paving inspections. Activities such as collecting load tickets, tracking pavement lay-down temperatures, and monitoring roller movement are antiquated practices that DOT inspectors perform during paving operations. E-Ticketing, Paver Mounted Thermal Profiling, and Intelligent Compaction were proposed to automate paving inspections and were recently tested in two resurfacing pilot projects in the state of Kentucky. Findings from the projects indicate that the three technologies display great potential in improving safety and efficiency of paving inspections. The contribution of this thesis is to document the research effort, evaluate the effectiveness of the technologies compared to the traditional practices, and discuss the lessons learned for industry practitioners.
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Algin, Halil Murat. "The behaviour of flexibly bedded concrete paver pavements." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/904.
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The growth in the international usage of flexibly bedded pavers since World War II has brought about the need fully to understand how pavers bedded in sand function. The design methods are based upon the concept of making pavers and their bedding sand equivalent to conventional pavement construction materials. Experience has shown that pavers do not behave as a collection of individual units but rather interlock so that they behave in a manner close to that of flexible materials. The nature of a pavement surfaced with pavers is therefore depending on the pavers, the joints, and the way in which the two relate as well as the foundation on which the pavers rest. In this Thesis, a way in which pavers distribute stresses resulting from rolling loads has been investigated and an understanding of the interlocking process thereby developed. This Thesis explains the theoretical analysis and demonstrates how it can be used to establish the nature and value of interlock. Chapter 1 concentrates on this process by starting to introduce concrete paver pavements and goes on outlining the principles upon which the remainder of this Thesis is based. The achievement of full interlock in the surface level of a paver pavement is an essential part of any successful paver pavement. It is important to understand the principles and specifications for the materials and construction process in order to satisfy the requirements of paver pavement components. Because of this reason, Chapter 2 outlines the major contents of UK specifications for the materials and construction methods likely to be used for the construction of paver pavements. Chapter 3 is concerned with the existing structural design of concrete paver pavements carrying vehicular traffic ranging from trucks to heavy industrial vehicles and aircrafts. Design criteria for such pavements are established and a range of methods for their analysis and design are reviewed. Chapters 4 and 5 show how the variations of patch loading on the surface of pavers can be calculated. Chapter 6 presents the bedding sand stress calculation method which can be used to determine the patterns of stress within the bedding material and it shows how these patterns develop as a patch loading rolls across pavers. All possible eccentric load patches on the surface and their all vertical compressive stress distributions in bedding sand were calculated for chamfered rectangular pavers (with and without interlock), non-chamfered rectangular and nine proprietory shaped pavers. The nine proprietory shaped pavers analysed in this Thesis are commercially important on a worldwide basis. Chapters 7,8 and 9 explains how the bedding sand stress calculation method can be applied to proprietory shaped pavers. A common proprietory shaped paver has been selected as an example in Chapter 7 to show how all possible vertical compressive stress regimes of proprietory shaped pavers can be calculated for all realistically possible load patches. The remaining proprietory shaped pavers are analysed in Chapter 8. The results of the analyses presented in Chapters 5,7 and 8 are shown in Chapter 9. The results are being used in the development of paver jointing systems and it is now possible to assess more effectively the tolerances required in paver installation. Although paver pavements appear to be very simple structures they are in reality very complicated, possibly one of the most complicated of all civil engineering structures. In order to predict the future performance of paver pavements, a vast number off simplifications must therefore be made. One of the most promising approaches to this is to apply accurate modelled Finite Element Analysis obtaining the data related with systematic behaviour of paver pavements on the surface level from the results of this Thesis.
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Piola, Caselli Chiara. "Les Cours d'Ugo Foscolo à l'Université de Pavie : genèse, sources et commentaire." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENL032.
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Le succès éditorial et critique de l'Oraison sur l'origine et l'office de la littérature (1809) de Foscolo a laissé dans l'ombre les autres textes du corpus des cours que l'écrivain italien assura à l'Université de Pavie. Ce travail souhaite éclairer cet aspect de l'œuvre de Foscolo, souvent négligé par la critique littéraire. A cette fin nous reconstruisons l'activité d'enseignement de Foscolo à Pavie et la place qu'elle assume dans sa réflexion littéraire et philosophique. Les cours concentrent à eux tous seuls bon nombre de motifs-clé de sa production littéraire. Ils catalysent les suggestions provenant de ses lectures et des débats littéraires des années précédentes qui avaient nourri une réflexion restée jusque-là à l'état fragmentaire tout en préparant la systématisation de sa pensée critique qui caractérise la production de sa période anglaise (1817-1827). En particulier, dans ces cours, Foscolo poursuit deux objectifs principaux : 1) définir la fonction civique de l'homme de lettres à travers une nouvelle caractérisation éthique et politique de l'éloquence ; 2) formuler un projet éducatif qui s'adresse à la classe moyenne, d'où émerge la nécessité de créer une langue unitaire et une tradition littéraire nationale et la revendication d'un nouveau modèle d'historiographie qui dépasse les limites de l'érudition du XVIIIe siècle. Cette étude est complétée par la reconstruction de l'histoire éditoriale des cours et leur commentaire. Le texte revu et corrigé critiquement (par rapport à la dernière édition, celle d'Emilio Santini, qui ne rend pas compte d'importantes corrections et variantes) sert de base pour le commentaire, une annotation critique et historique qui illustre les sources utilisées par Foscolo et de usage, direct ou indirect, qu'il en fit dans sa réflexion littéraire, philosophique et linguistiqueThe positive reviews – both editorial and critical – achieved by Foscolo's 1809 lecture On the origin and duty of literature have overshadowed the Italian author's text corpus of the classes he's given at the University of Pavia. This study is willing to explain this specific aspect of Foscolo's work, often skipped by literary criticism. For this aim we reenact Foscolo's teaching experience in Pavia and the importance of it in His philosophical and literary thought. His classes alone include a good number of key themes of His literary work. Those catalyze the suggestions coming from his readings and the literary debates of the previous years, that have fed His thinking, at that time still in development , but soon to be settled in His critical thought, clearly visible in His English period work (1817-1827). In these classes particularly, Foscolo tries to reach two primary goals: 1) to define the civil duties of a literary man by a new ethical and political definition of oratory; 2) to create an educational project for the middle class; hence it bursts the need for creating a common unitary language and a national literary tradition as well as the assert of a new historiographical model, able to go beyond the Eighteenth Century scholarship boundaries. This study is concluded with a timeline reconstruction of the publishing history of His classes and their commentary. Such text lessons, critically revised and corrected (compared to their last edition available – edited by Emilio Santini – that failed to consider important revisions and different versions) are the foundation of the commentary, a critical and historical marginalia showing the sources used by Foscolo and of the use – either directly or indirectly – he made in His literary, philosophical and linguistic thought
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Matos, Lucas Henrique Lozano Dourado de. "Pavimentos intertravados de concreto utilizando resíduos de PET /." Ilha Solteira, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/180816.
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Orientador: Cesar Fabiano FioritiResumo: O crescimento da população e do seu poder aquisitivo mudaram a geração de resíduos. Atualmente se produz resíduos diferentes em qualidade e volume diferentes daqueles produzidos por gerações passadas. Entre os resíduos gerados atualmente se encontram os resíduos de PET, oriundos de embalagens descartáveis, que acarretam problemas ambientais devido ao descarte incorreto. Este trabalho se propõe em estudar a aplicação destes resíduos para a produção de pavers de concreto, observando suas características de desempenho em relação aos pavers produzidos com concreto convencional, ambos produzidos por procedimentos manuais. Para atingir o objetivo proposto foram realizados ensaios de trabalhabilidade, ensaios de massa específica em estado fresco e endurecido, ensaios de absorção de água, medição da incorporação de ar, ensaios de resistência à compressão, tração e impacto e microscopia eletrônica de varredura para os traços produzidos com 5%, 10%, 15% e 20% de substituição em volume dos agregados miúdos e graúdos. Dessa maneira, foi possível buscar informações a respeito do comportamento obtido por meio da substituição parcial dos agregados pelos resíduos de PET produzindo peças com características semelhantes àquelas proporcionadas pelos pavers convencionais, atingindo a resistência à compressão de 35 MPa, definida em norma, em 4 traços produzidos, mesmo com valores de absorção superiores aos 6% estipulados em norma.
Abstract: Population growth and purchasing power changed waste generation. Currently the wastes produced differs in quality and volume than that produced by past generations. Amongst the waste currently produced are the PET waste, originating from disposable packaging, which generate environmental problems due to incorrect disposal. The purpose of this work is to study the application of these residues in concrete pavers production, observing the performance characteristics in comparison to those produced with conventional concrete, both produced by manual procedures. To achieve the proposed goal were performed workability tests, specific weight in both fresh and hardened conditions, water absorption tests, air content tests, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and impact tests and scanning electron microscopy for the concrete designs containing 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% by volume of both fine and coarse aggregate. Thus, it was possible to achieve information about the concrete behavior produced with partial substitution of the aggregates by the PET waste, producing pavers with similar characteristics of those provided by pavers produced with conventional concrete, achieving the compressive strength of 35 MPa, required by standard, in 4 mixtures with substitution, although the absorption values were above the 6% required by standard.
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Scholz, Todd V. "Durability of bituminous paving mixtures." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1995. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11469/.
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Bitumens are used as a binder in roadway pavements largely because they are relatively inexpensive and generally provide good adhesion and waterproofing characteristics. They are generally rather resistant to the detrimental effects of the environment and usually remain pliant for many years. In other words, bitumens are relatively inexpensive binders that generally provide good durability (or longevity of service) in pavement mixtures. Bitumens are no panacea, however. Many factors affect the durability of bitumens and, thus, bituminous mixtures. However, assuming that a pavement layer is constructed according to specifications (which attempt to account for durability), it is generally agreed that the two primary factors affecting the durability of bituminous paving mixtures are damage due to water and embrittlement of the bitumen due to age hardening. Much effort has been afforded to the study of age hardening and water damage and much has been learned. However, the exact mechanisms of ageing and water damage in bituminous mixtures remains an enigma. This thesis attempts to provide an improved understanding of these mechanisms through a comprehensive literature review, development of performance tests to assess mixture durability and investigation of the rheological characteristics of bitumens aged and tested whilst in contact with mineral aggregate.
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Wu, Wei. "Paving the Randomized Gauss-Seidel." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1074.
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The Randomized Gauss-Seidel Method (RGS) is an iterative algorithm that solves overdetermined systems of linear equations Ax = b. This paper studies an update on the RGS method, the Randomized Block Gauss-Seidel Method. At each step, the algorithm greedily minimizes the objective function L(x) = kAx bk2 with respect to a subset of coordinates. This paper describes a Randomized Block Gauss-Seidel Method (RBGS) which uses a randomized control method to choose a subset at each step. This algorithm is the first block RGS method with an expected linear convergence rate which can be described by the properties of the matrix A and its column submatrices. The analysis demonstrates that RBGS improves RGS more when given appropriate column-paving of the matrix, a partition of the columns into well-conditioned blocks. The main result yields a RBGS method that is more e cient than the simple RGS method.
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Hesoun, Hubert. "Fotograf Pavel Baňka." Master's thesis, Akademie múzických umění v Praze. Filmová a televizní fakulta AMU. Knihovna, 2006. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-78813.
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Read, John. "Fatigue cracking of bituminous paving mixtures." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1996. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12605/.
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This dissertation is concerned with the fatigue cracking of bituminous paving mixtures. It considers both the life to crack initiation and the life for crack propagation, including the development of a method for calculating the number of wheel load applications to either critical or failure condition. The development and subsequent validation of the Indirect Tensile Fatigue Test (ITFT) are described. Both the repeatability and reproducibility of the method are examined as well as its correlation with two other fatigue test methods. The test is shown to be a suitable method for measuring the life to crack initiation of bituminous paving mixtures as well as being an economically viable test. Poisson's ratio for bituminous paving mixtures is examined showing that, provided at least 500 conditioning pulses are used in order to achieve steady state conditions, 0.35 is an appropriate value. Prior to these early load applications Poisson's ratio is shown to be variable and often in excess of 0.50, an explanation of which is given in detail. Crack propagation was experimentally simulated using beams of material with a crack initiated on the underside. The work shows that the rate of crack propagation can be described by a power relationship between the stiffness of the mixture and the number of cycles to failure, which is mixture and binder dependent. A general equation is developed which allows the critical and failure lives of bituminous pavements to be calculated and these are compared to two traditional pavement design methods, giving equivalent results for unmodified mixtures but, giving more realistic results for polymer modified mixtures. Image analysis of the cracks demonstrates that they propagate around coarse aggregate trying to separate it from the matrix and that they travel in the straightest line possible between the point of crack initiation and the point of applied load.
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Urlacher-Becht, Céline. "Ennode de Pavie, chantre officiel de l'Eglise de Milan : édition, traduction, commentaire." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA1053.
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Cette thèse sur la poésie religieuse d’Ennode de Pavie (473/4-521), homme d’Église et homme de lettres de l’Antiquité tardive, vise à un double objectif. D’une part, proposer la première traduction française de l’ensemble des épigrammes et des hymnes que l’auteur composa pour l’Église ambrosienne durant son diaconat à Milan. Il n’existait en effet à ce jour qu’une traduction partielle en italien, du reste fondée sur le texte latin édité par F. Vogel à la fin du xixe s. Or ce dernier ne prend donc pas en compte les témoins manuscrits de l’ensemble des opera de l’auteur découverts récemment, ni les nombreuses attestations isolées de trois de ses hymnes, jamais recensées ni étudiées jusque-là, qu’on trouve dans divers livres liturgiques copiés entre le xie et le xve s. En Italie du Sud, entre autres. D’autre part, procéder à une étude thématique et esthétique exhaustive de ses carmina religieux, d’ordinaire assimilés à ses poèmes mondains, et frappés du même discrédit qu’eux en raison de leur écriture maniérée jugée vaine et source d’obscurité. Une telle assimilation est néanmoins réductrice, car les tituli et les hymni en question, en prise, de deux manières distinctes, avec la vie spirituelle milanaise, témoignent d’un réel engagement de la part d’Ennode au service de son Église : en s’effaçant derrière l’évêque alors en place, dont il était le porte-parole, il s’est fait le chantre officiel de l’Église de Milan qui, à la faveur de la paix retrouvée, aspirait alors à renouer avec son illustre passé ambrosienThis PhD thesis on the religious poetry of Ennodius of Pavia (473/4-521), man of Church and man of letters from the late Antiquity, consists of a double objective. On one hand, it proposes the first French translation of all epigrams and hymns composed by the author for the ambrosian Church during his diaconate at Mailand. There was indeed until here only a partial translation in Italian, based on the Latin text edited by F. Vogel at the end of XIXth century. However, this edition does not take into account the manuscripts with all the opera of the author discovered recently, neither the numerous isolated liturgical books (never listed nor studied up to there) in which we find three of his hymns : most of them have been copied between the XIth and the XVth century in south Italy. On the other hand, it proceeds to an exhaustive thematic and aesthetic study of its religious carmina, usually assimilated to his worldly poems, and like the latter depreciated because of their affected writing considered vain and source of darkness. Such a comparison is nevertheless reducing, because these tituli and hymni, linked of two different manners to the Milanese spiritual life, testify a real commitment of Ennodius for his Church: hidden behind the bishop in place, whose he was the spokesman, he made himself the official bard of the milanese Church which, thanks to the new area of peace, wanted then to take up with her illustrious ambrosian past
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Ciambelli, Luca. "paving the fluid road to flat holography." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLX055/document.
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L’objet de cette thèse est l’étude de la correspondance fluide/gravité, réalisation macroscopique de la dualité AdS/CFT, à la limite où la constante cosmologique tend vers zéro (limite plate). La jauge de Fefferman-Graham, habituellement utilisée dans le dictionnaire holographique, est singulière à la limite plate. Ici, en passant par la formulation hydrodynamique de la théorie dubord, nous construisons une jauge, appelée jauge du développement en série dérivatif, où cette limite est bien définie. Sur la géométrie du bord, elle correspond en fait à faire tendre vers zéro la vitesse de la lumière, situation connue comme limite carrollienne. Un fluide relativiste admet une telle lim-ite, qui donne lieu à l’hydrodynamique carrollienne, étudiée ici en dimension arbitraire, parallèlement à son homologue galiléen. Ensuite, nous montrons spécifiquement en dimensions 4 et 3 du bulk qu’il est possible de construire des solutions asymptotiquement plates des équations d’Einstein partant de systèmes hydrodynamiques conformes carrolliens du bord, qui est ici l’hypersurface degenre lumière à l’infini. En 4 dimensions nous introduisons des conditions d’intégrabilité permettant de resommer la série dérivative sous formefermée. En 3 dimensions toute configuration fluide du bord aboutit à une solution exacte des équations d’Einstein. Les solutions de Bañados sont un sous-ensemble des solutions obtenues et identifiées au moyen de leurs charges de surface. Nous accordons une attention particulière au rôle du repère hydrodynamique, trop souvent ignoré en holographie. Pour terminer, nous nous concentrons sur la formulation de la AdS/CFT dans laquelle la symétrie de Weyl est explicite. Quoique cette symétrie soit un ingrédient incontournable de la correspondance fluide/gravité, elle n’est pas codée dans la formulation habituelle de l’holographie. Nous introduisons une nouvelle jauge et analysonsses conséquencesIn this thesis we discuss the limit of vanishing cosmological constant (flat limit) of the fluid/gravity correspondence, which is a macroscopic realization of the AdS/CFT. The holographic dictionary is usually implemented in a gauge(Fefferman-Graham), which does not admit a flat limit. In the hydrodynamic formulation of the boundary theory, we introduce a gauge, dubbed derivative expansion, where such a limit turns out to be smooth. In the boundary we show that this corresponds to a Carrollian limit, i.e. a limit where the speed of light vanishes. We present Carrollian hydrodynamics, together with its dual Galilean counterpart. Then, for 4 and 3 bulk dimensions, we exhibit a resummed line element, which provides an asymptotically flat bulk solution of Einsteinequations starting only from boundary (i.e. null infinity) conformal Carrollian hydrodynamic data. In 4 dimensions we exploit specific integrability conditions, which restrict the achievable class of solutions in the bulk. In 3 dimensions every boundary fluid configuration leads to an exact solution of Einstein’s equations. Bañados solutions are a subset of the solutions reached in this way. They are rigorously identified with their surface charges and the corresponding algebra. We emphasize the choice of hydrodynamic frame, often sidesteppedin holography. Finally, we focus on the formulation of AdS/CFT to encompass Weyl symmetry. This symmetry is a key ingredient of fluid/gravity but it is not naturally encoded in the usual formulation of holography. We introduce an appropriate gauge for realizing it, and analyze its far-reaching consequences
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Cheung, Chi Yue. "Mechanical behaviour of bitumens and bituminous mixes." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/252101.
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Roca, Navarro Xevi. "Paving the path towards automatic hexahedral mesh generation." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/5858.
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Esta tesis versa sobre el desarrollo de las tecnologías para la generación de mallas de hexaedros. El proceso de generar una malla de hexaedros no es automático y su generación requiere varias horas te trabajo de un ingeniero especializado. Por lo tanto, es importante desarrollar herramientas que faciliten dicho proceso de generación. Con este fin, se presenta y desarrolla un método de proyección de mallas, una técnica de sweeping o barrido, un algoritmo para la obtención de mallas por bloques, y un entorno de generación de mallas. Las implementaciones más competitivas del método de sweeping utilizan técnicas de proyección de mallas basadas en métodos afines. Los métodos afines más habituales presentan varios problemas relacionados con la obtención de sistemas de ecuaciones normales de rango deficiente. Para solucionar dichos problemas se presenta y analiza un nuevo método afín que depende de dos parámetros vectoriales. Además, se detalla un procedimiento automático para la selección de dichos vectores. El método de proyección resultante preserva la forma de las mallas proyectadas. Esta proyección es incorporada también en una nueva herramienta de sweeping. Dicha herramienta genera capas de nodos internos que respetan la curvatura de las superficies inicial y final. La herramienta de sweeping es capaz de mallar geometrías de extrusión definidas por trayectorias curvas, secciones no constantes a lo largo del eje de sweeping, y superficies inicial y final con diferente forma y curvatura.
En las últimas décadas se han propuesto varios ataques para la generación automática de mallas de hexahedros. Sin embargo, todavía no existe un algoritmo rápido y robusto que genere automáticamente mallas de hexaedros de alta calidad. Se propone un nuevo ataque para la generación de mallas por bloques mediante la representación de la geometría y la topología del dual de una malla de hexaedros. En dicho ataque, primero se genera una malla grosera de tetraedros. Después, varió polígonos planos se añaden al interior de los elementos de la malla grosera inicial. Dichos polígonos se denotan como contribuciones duales locales y representan una versión discreta del dual de una malla de hexaedros. En el último paso, la malla por bloques se obtiene como el dual de la representación del dual generada. El algoritmo de generación de mallas por bloques es aplicado a geometrías que presentan diferentes características geométricas como son superficies planas, superficies curvas, configuraciones delgadas, agujeros, y vértices con valencia mayor que tres.
Las mallas se generan habitualmente con la ayuda de entornos interactivos que integran una interfaz CAD y varios algoritmos de generación de mallas. Se presenta un nuevo entorno de generación de mallas especializado en la generación de cuadriláteros y hexaedros. Este entorno proporciona la tecnología necesaria para implementar les técnicas de generación de mallas de hexaedros presentadas en esta tesis.
This thesis deals with the development of hexahedral mesh generation technology. The process of generating hexahedral meshes is not fully automatic and it is a time consuming task. Therefore, it is important to develop tools that facilitate the generation of hexahedral meshes. To this end, a mesh projection method, a sweeping technique, a block-meshing algorithm, and an interactive mesh generation environment are presented and developed.
Competitive implementations of the sweeping method use mesh projection techniques based on affine methods. Standard affine methods have several drawbacks related to the statement of rank deficient sets of normal equations. To overcome these drawbacks a new affine method that depends on two vector parameters is presented and analyzed. Moreover, an automatic procedure that selects these two vector parameters is detailed. The resulting projection procedure preserves the shape of projected meshes. Then, this procedure is incorporated in a new sweeping tool. This tool generates inner layers of nodes that preserve the curvature of the cap surfaces. The sweeping tool is able to mesh extrusion geometries defined by non-linear sweeping trajectories, non-constant cross sections along the sweep axis, non-parallel cap surfaces, and cap surfaces with different shape and curvature.
In the last decades, several general-purpose approaches to generate automatically hexahedral meshes have been proposed. However, a fast and robust algorithm that automatically generates high-quality hexahedral meshes is not available. A novel approach for block meshing by representing the geometry and the topology of a hexahedral mesh is presented. The block-meshing algorithm first generates an initial coarse mesh of tetrahedral elements. Second, several planar polygons are added inside the elements of the initial coarse mesh. These polygons are referred as local dual contributions and represent a discrete version of the dual of a hexahedral mesh. Finally, the dual representation is dualized to obtain the final block mesh. The block-meshing algorithm is applied to mesh geometries that present different geometrical characteristics such as planar surfaces, curved surfaces, thin configurations, holes, and vertices with valence greater than three.
Meshes are usually generated with the help of interactive environments that integrate a CAD interface and several meshing algorithms. An overview of a new mesh generation environment focused in quadrilateral and hexahedral mesh generation is presented. This environment provides the technology required to implement the hexahedral meshing techniques presented in this thesis.
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Jhanwar, Deepak Kumar. "Physical and rheological characterization of selected paving asphalts." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0027/MQ31390.pdf.
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Le, Thanh Trung. "Ultra high performance fibre reinforced concrete paving flags." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.502191.
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A literature survey on Ultra High Performance Fibre Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC) reveals that the applications until now have remained limited. This is because although it has proved to have outstanding mechanical properties such. as the compressive strength of 150-250 MPa and flexural strength of 25-50 MPa, UHPFRC has a highcosting issue as well as shortage of mix design procedure and of structural design guidelines. Therefore, the following works are carried out in this PhD study. The mix design of UHPFRC is first studied. A mix design procedure based on the 'Excess Paste Model' is proposed to' design the preliminary mix proportions. The superplasticiser dosage and excess paste volume significantly influence the workability as well as the mechanical properties of UHPFRC. Optimisation of superplasticiser dosage and excess paste volume leads to the optimum mix proportions by reducing the water-binder ratio and finally enabling achievement of high strength. The by-products of industry such as Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag (GGBS), Pulverised Fuel Ash (PFA), and glass cullet are studied to replace cement and silica sand in UHPFRC. These replacements help to reduce the cost. The replacement of cement by GGBS and PFA also lessens the environmental impact caused by the cement producing industry. The sustainability of UHPFRC is therefore improved. The mechanical properties of UHPFRC are investigated experimentally by testing cube specimens for compressive strength and prism specimens for flexural strength, fracture energy and flexural toughness. There is no significant difference of compressive strengths between two sizes of specimens, Le. 50 mm cube and 100 mm cube, but a considerable difference of flexural strengths between 40x40x160 mm specimens and 100x1 00x350 mm specimens is found. The origin of this size effect issue on flexural strength is therefore investigated by using different loading arrangements, extracting small specimens from large specimens, and various sizes and shapes of specimens. Two factors are found to contribute to this size effect. These are the boundary surface layer and the ratio of the total crack-surface area to the cross section area of beam specimens. Paving flags with the lower half of thickness comprising UHPFRC with 2.0% fibres are fabricated as an outcome product of the studies on mix proportions and mechanical properties. These 400x200x30 mm UHPFRC paving flags are cast using a 'Hydraulic press' technique replicating a factory's typical casting procedure. The flexural strength and fracture energy of UHPFRC paving flags are then examined to compare with those of ordinary concrete paving flags. These flexural strengths and fracture energies are used as input parameters for finite element analysis (FEA) models of pavements using these paving flags. The structural behaviour of pavements using ordinary concrete paving flags and pavements using UHPFRC paving flags positioned on sand bedding and sub-base layers are studied using both laboratory experiments and FEA models. The FEA model of UHPFRC pavement is then used to predict the structural behaviour when the thickness of flag, the thickness and elastic modulus of sub-base layer vary. The following novel and major outcomes from this PhD study contribute to the development of UHPFRC: • Systematic investigations of mix proportions and mechanical properties of UHPFRC help the users to select the raw materials, mix proportions and curing regime suitably for the structures required. The results on the effect of specimen size on the flexural behaviour of UHPFRC suggest that UHPFRC large-scale beams should be trialied carefully before use; • An application of UHPFRC for very high performance crack-resistant paving flags using in pedestrian pavements has been studied by both experimental and FEA methods. The potential benefits obtained from using UHPFRC paving flags compared with ordinary concrete paving flags include: (1) UHPFRC paving flags can be made thinner and lighter, resulting in the reduction of health and safety concerns during handling and placing and also the reduction in transportation costs; (2) increase of pavement service life and lead to reduced maintenance costs; (3) reduction of liability claims arising from uneven pavements.
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Mulligan, Ann Marie. "Attainable Compressive Strength of Pervious Concrete Paving Systems." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2005. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2630.
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The pervious concrete system and its corresponding strength are as important as its permeability characteristics. The strength of the system not only relies on the compressive strength of the pervious concrete but also on the strength of the soil beneath it for support. Previous studies indicate that pervious concrete has lower compressive strength capabilities than conventional concrete and will only support light traffic loadings. This thesis investigated prior studies on the compressive strength on pervious concrete as it relates to water-cement ratio, aggregate-cement ratio, aggregate size, and compaction and compare those results with results obtained in laboratory experiments conducted on samples of pervious concrete cylinders created for this purpose. The loadings and types of vehicles these systems can withstand will also be examined as well as the design of appropriate thickness levels for the pavement. Since voids are supposed to reduce the strength of concrete 1% for every 5% voids(Klieger, 2003), the goal is to find a balance between water, aggregate, and cement in order to increase strength and permeability, two characteristics which tend to counteract one another. In this study, also determined are appropriate traffic loads and volumes so that the pervious concrete is able to maintain its structural integrity. The end result of this research will be a recommendation as to the water-cement ratio, the aggregate-cement ratio, aggregate size, and compaction necessary to maximize compressive strength without having detrimental effects on the permeability of the pervious concrete system. This research confirms that pervious concrete does in fact provide a lower compressive strength than that of conventional concrete; compressive strengths in acceptable mixtures only reached 1700 psi. Extremely high permeability rates were achieved in most all mixtures regardless of the compressive strength. Analysis of traffic loadings reinforce the fact that pervious concrete cannot be subjected to large numbers of heavy vehicle loadings over time although pervious concrete would be able to sustain low volumes of heavy loads if designed properly. Calculations of pavement thickness levels indicate these levels are dependent on the compressive strength of the concrete, the quality of the subgrade beneath the pavement, as well as vehicle volumes and loadings.M.S.C.E.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Civil Engineering
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Trigalot, Guy. "Un romantique en Anjou : Victor Pavie, auteur, journaliste et éditeur : Vie, oeuvre et correspondance." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01004337.
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Victor Pavie (1808-1886), né et mort à Angers, peut être considéré comme un écrivain romantique mineur qui appartint au cercle des premiers disciples de Victor Hugo. Protégé du sculpteur David d'Angers, confident de Sainte-Beuve, intime d'Adèle Hugo, il vécut passionnément l'aventure du Romantisme. Il resta fidèle aux idéaux de sa jeunesse jusqu'à sa mort, et fut qualifié de " gardien de la chapelle romantique " par Sainte-Beuve. Issu d'une famille d'imprimeurs, il diffusa et relaya, dans les colonnes du journal paternel, les combats des auteurs parisiens ; il créa et anima aussi une revue locale éphémère, La Gerbe, où de jeunes Angevins imitaient leurs idoles. Pavie dirigea à son tour le journal Les Affiches d'Angers et édita, entre autres, Gaspard de la Nuit, poèmes en prose d'Aloysius Bertrand, dont Baudelaire reconnut l'avant-gardisme. Auteur polygraphe, Victor Pavie signa des poésies, des récits de voyage, des mémoires, des études historiques ainsi que de nombreuses critiques d'art. Ses écrits reflètent une philosophie naturaliste, aux accents romantiques et religieux, teintée d'antimodernisme. Membre et responsable de plusieurs sociétés savantes angevines, il s'investit dans la création et la direction d'oeuvres charitables. Cette étude établit une biographie précise de Victor Pavie et tente de souligner les lignes de force de son parcours. Elle propose un inventaire le plus exhaustif possible de son oeuvre, et présente plusieurs manuscrits inédits. Elle s'appuie enfin sur une très riche correspondance, en grande partie également inédite, poursuivie avec quelques uns des plus grands noms de la littérature française du dix-neuvième siècle.
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Schmidt-Asbach, Bettina. "Die Bauplastik von S. Michele Maggiore in Pavia zur Skulptur und Architektur in Pavia aus der 1. Hälfte des 12. Jahrhunderts ; eine Untersuchung zur Stellung der Bauplastik von Pavia in der oberitalienischen Romanik sowie zur Werkstattorganisation /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=970892330.
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Di, Maria Valentina. "Thermal response from different paved surfaces." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/3993/.
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Počtová, Jana. "Pavel Koutecký a jeho filmová tvorba." Master's thesis, Akademie múzických umění v Praze. Filmová a televizní fakulta AMU. Knihovna, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-78175.
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What in fact is an author?s style? It is the point of view from which an
author sees the given subject. Which style he uses when recording the
action, to which extent he enters into it and tries to influence it, what shooting angles and image interpretation he uses, in what way he works with sound. We can agree upon the fact that only few directors have such a distinct and characterful author?s style as Pavel Koutecký does. He was a director always searching for new possibilities and forms of artistic expression. In my diploma paper I survey his fundamental films and give a general overview of his work.
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Aslantas, Onur. "A Study On Abrasion Resistance Of Concrete Paving Blocks." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605709/index.pdf.
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Concrete block pavement (CBP) can be an alternative pavement to asphalt and concrete pavements. CBP is formed from individual concrete paving blocks (CPBs) that fit next to one another on a suitable sub base leaving a specific joint space among them to be filled with jointing sand.
CBP differ from other pavements according to their mechanical behavior, manufacturing technique, structural design, installation technique and structural behavior. For a serviceable pavement all of these subjects have to be studied. The literature about the mechanical behavior of CPBs is not adequate. This study aims to determine the performance of CPBs formed from different mixes prepared with a white portland cement.
For this purpose, 10 mixes with different cement contents and W/C ratios and 2 mixes from a commercial CPB manufacturer were tested. The compressive strength,
tensile splitting strength, abrasion resistance, density and % water absorption tests were performed on each mix at 7, 14, 28 days.
It was concluded that, the cement content in the mix, optimum water volume for a given cement content, the way the manufacturing equipment is operated and their interaction was effective on the mechanical properties of CPBs. It was also observed that there was no handicap to stop the abrasion resistance test at 8*22 revolutions instead of 16*22 revolutions given in TS 2824.
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Hari, Shankar Jeetendra Singh. "Development of Porous Paving Concretes Produced with Transparent Binders." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.
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Present thesis is focused on the study of the features and its binding properties and other physical and mechanical properties of an innovative binder, which has low environmental visual impact named as ‘Evizero’, and its hypothetical employment in the construction of road pavement. As the new road pavements design is focused on innovative solutions, that refer to a new school of thoughts where priorities have changes during the last decades. This phenomenon can be described as the advent of the context and sensitive design, that attempts to raise these new criteria then compare to the primary level.
This newly innovated transparent eco-friendly binder Evizero (Environmental Visual Impact-Zero) which can be a alternative to the traditional bituminous mixtures has been introduced for making porous pavement. And aggregates used are natural white aggregates from Ancona, Italy.
porous pavement which has a hardscaping surface that flows water to flow through it. This differs from traditional types of pavement, which are impermeable and convert most rainfall to runoff. It can be installed as individual concrete pavers or in connected sections. Initially to get an optimum binder content tests (ITS and Air void contents) have been performed on specimens made with two different grading distributions separately. And then with the derived optimum binder content experimental tests (ITS,ITSR,ITSM,Skid resistance, cantabro test) are been performed and obtained its physical, mechanical and texture characteristics. and the obtained results are in their limiting range as per their standards.
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Tang, Kangkang. "Precast Concrete Paving Products made with Recycled Demolition Aggregate." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.507499.
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Ramírez, Miranda Luis Eduardo. "Plan de negocio para la empresa constructora Pavimec Ltda." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2018. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/159551.
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Magíster en Gestión y Dirección de EmpresasPavimec es una pyme familiar de responsabilidad limitada, con tres años en el mercado nacional, que se especializa en servicios de pavimentación asfáltica. En la actualidad, la empresa está constituida por seis personas y un importante número de máquinas para ofrecer sus servicios tanto a empresas privadas como a organismos públicos. Al término del año 2015 y 2016, Pavimec generó ingresos cercanos a los $146 y $134 millones de pesos respectivamente, de ellos, se obtuvieron utilidades por $43 y $25 millones, bajo una estructura de costos donde predomina el gasto operacional impulsado por el valor de la materia prima. Para realizar el plan de negocio, se utilizó una metodología constituida por tres etapas, la primera consta de un diagnóstico y una síntesis estratégica, que alimenta a la etapa siguiente, que define los factores estratégicos y el plan de negocio para Pavimec. Como tercera y última fase, el plan es sometido a una evaluación para determinar su factibilidad económica para un periodo de cinco años. El diagnóstico permitió vislumbrar que Pavimec es una empresa que necesita de estrategias y de un ordenamiento que le brinden sostenibilidad. Pese a lo anterior, la empresa enfrenta al mercado con precios más bajos que su competencia y con servicios que cubren todos los requerimientos de pavimentación de los mercados donde participa. Los antecedentes del diagnóstico permitieron estimar un mercado potencial de MMUSD$80, correspondiente al mercado público el que se sobrepone al mercado privado, debido a una serie de factores favorables para Pavimec. Aprovechando el potencial del mercado, bajos precios y servicios que cubren la necesidad del mercado potencial, se establece una estrategia genérica de enfoque de diferenciación por precio, la que acompañada de una serie de definiciones estratégicas determinadas por medio de un análisis FODA, permitieron especificar un plan de negocio que se adecuase al objetivo y capacidades de Pavimec. Este modelo de negocio está compuesto por un plan estratégico operacional y de marketing, los que implicaron realizar una inversión en nueva maquinaria para potenciar servicios, estructurar organizacionalmente a la empresa para mejorar funciones operacionales y comerciales, se definieron alianzas estratégicas con proveedores para obtener descuentos y mejorar los tiempos de operación. Al someter el modelo a evaluación económica bajo una tasa de descuento anual del 12,04% a cinco años, se obtuvo una utilidad de $67 millones al término del periodo, pero un VAN y un TIR negativo (siendo -187 millones y -14,75% respectivamente). Pese a lo anterior, al término del décimo séptimo año, Pavimec recupera su inversión y genera un VAN de $5.467.409, con una tasa interna de retorno de 12,27% Por lo tanto, el plan de negocio propuesto es factible estratégicamente pero no económicamente en el período analizado.
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Holcombe, Evan W. "Multi-Scale Approach to Design Sustainable Asphalt Paving Materials." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1493805362392927.
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Limbachiya, V. "Additives to increase the sustainability of concrete paving blocks." Thesis, Coventry University, 2015. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/a70b1134-4ee6-4aef-a68d-23328be6ec71/1.
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The aim of this study was to break through current limits with cement substitutes in concrete paving block and introduce high levels of cementitious constituents. As well as meeting the current strength and durability requirements stated in BS EN 1338:2003 the study reported on the effect of materials variability and leaching properties. The cementitous materials used to replace Portland cement (PC) were Pulverised Fuel Ash (PFA also known as Fly Ash), Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS), Metakaolin (MK), Silica fume (SF), Glass Powder (GP), Basic Oxygen Slag (BOS) and By Pass Dust (BPD). The first phase of the study analysed 11 groups of ternary cement paste blends using Minitab, a statistical programme to help determine mix designs and optimised mix. Analysis of ternary cement pastes in the first phase concluded that mixes containing GGBS over PFA produced greater strengths at early ages. Mixes confirmed that PC-GGBS-GP provided good strengths due to the SiO2 content within GP providing secondary CSH gel. PC-GGBS-BPD provided good strengths due to SO3 within BPD activating the GGBS through sulphates. The best results in forms of strength were found in PC-GGBS-SF and PC-GGBS-BOS ternary pastes. The fine particles along with the high SiO2 content of SF provided greater pozzolanic reactivity and a greater matrix densification. Fourteen of the best mixes were then taken into the second phase. This is when concrete paving blocks were made from these mixes with the method that was developed at Coventry University. The two mixes with the greatest splitting tensile strength consisted of varying levels of PC-GGBS-SF and were known as the candidate mixes. The durability criteria set out in BS EN 1338:2003 was met, however the minimum strength requirement was not. The candidate mixes were still chosen to be produced in the factory as the manufacturing and curing procedure in the factory was more effective and efficient in comparison to the laboratory procedure. The site trial successfully achieved the minimum requirements for the mechanical properties and durability performance stated in BS EN 1338:2003 and reduced the cement content of concrete paving blocks by 40% wt of PC, with a ternary blend consisting of 60% PC, 25% GGBS and 15%SF. Analysis of material variability was conducted on PFA (regulated commercially available replacement) and BPD (replacement waste material). Results showed that when using regulated commercially available cementitious constituents the chemical composition of the material should be within a given range (For replacement by weight of 10%, 20%, 30%, difference in main oxide should be no greater than 1%, 2.5% and 3.5% respectively) and for the waste material the chemical composition (Limits as stated for regulated commercially available material) as well as fineness (Replacement by weight of 5% and 10% should not have a variability in average particle size of more than 15μm) should be within a range. The two candidate mixes were finally tested for their leaching properties against a leachate that was derived from used oil concentrations. The increase in permeability with the use of GGBS and SF lead to the block absorbing less of the leachate in comparison to the control mix. The study set out to introduce high levels of cementitious constituents in concrete paving blocks. Although it is known that high levels of replacement would cause deterioration, this was done in order for the study to create a database in which the company could refer to and determine which constituents performed well and what the maximum level of replacement could be. The study successfully replaced PC by 40% with 25% GGBS and 15% SF. With blocks actually producing greater strengths than the control mix (100% PC) at 28 days and meeting all the minimum requirements that were set out in BS EN 1338:2003.
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Aquino, Theodore. "Comparison of Urinary PAHs among Firefighters and Asphalt Pavers." Thesis, University of South Florida, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10103851.
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Firefighters and asphalt pavers are exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during various work activities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate urinary PAH levels and compare these bio-monitoring levels among firefighters, asphalt pavers, and non-occupationally exposed individuals. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) urinary PAH levels were used for non-occupationally exposed controls. When compared to the NIST standard for smokers and non-smokers, firefighters demonstrated statistically significant differences in urinary concentration differences for the following metabolites: 2-OH-fluorene, 3-OH-fluorene and 1-OH-pyrene, which were lower in firefighters than the NIST mean for smokers. 1-OHphenanthrene, 2-OH-phenanthrene and 3-OH-phenanthrene were higher among world trade center exposed firefighters than the NIST mean for smokers. When firefighters were compared to the NIST non-smoker standard, firefighters demonstrated elevated levels in all tested PAH biomarkers due to a mixture of smokers and non-smokers in the firefighter cohort.
Asphalt workers had statistically significant higher urinary concentration elevations in 2OH-fluorene, 1-OH-phenanthrene and 3-OH-phenanthrene as compared to the NIST smoker mean. When asphalt pavers were compared to the NIST non-smoker mean, asphalt pavers had statistically significant increases in all tested PAH biomarkers, with the exception of 2-OHphenanthrene. While firefighters did not demonstrate a substantial change in urinary PAH metabolite levels compared to control populations of smokers and non-smokers, asphalt pavers experienced concentrations that were in some cases increased by orders of magnitude compare to NIST controls. Future research may be needed to evaluate any potential health risk posted to occupational exposed asphalt pavers.
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ALCANTARA, Paloma Santos Xavier de. "Blocos intertravados coloridos para pavimentação com incorporação de resíduos de cerâmica vermelha em prol da redução de pigmentos." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2015. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/16647.
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Peças de concreto intertravadas para pavimentação (pavers) coloridas com pigmento de óxido de ferro (vermelho) são utilizadas em projetos de urbanização. Entretanto, esse tipo de pigmento, além de encarecer de 20 a 30% o valor das peças, prejudica as propriedades dos concretos secos moldados sob vibrocompressão. Diante disso, propõe-se incorporar resíduo de cerâmica vermelha (RCV) como matiz colorimétrica em prol da redução de pigmento em pavers coloridos, tendo em vista também a possibilidade de melhoria de suas propriedades por efeitos filler e pozolânico. A fim de investigar o efeito do pigmento e do RCV no compósito estudado, as formulações foram: (a) traço padrão pelo método de dosagem da ABCP para blocos e pavers; (b) adição de pigmento ao traço padrão (2% e 4%); (c) substituição da areia média pelo RCV no traço padrão (50%, 75% e 100%); (d) adição de RCV ao traço padrão (20%, 30%, 40% e 50%); (e) adição de pigmento (2%) e RCV concomitantemente ao traço padrão (20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 100% e 150%). Para todos os traços (exceto aqueles das formulações de substituição), foi feita a correção do consumo de cimento em relação ao traço padrão. Resistência à compressão, absorção de água e resistência à abrasão foram avaliadas de acordo com a norma NBR 9781:2013; além disso, foi realizada uma avaliação das cores dos compósitos desenvolvidos por inspeção visual. Pastas de cimento vibroprensadas com baixa relação água-cimento (padrão, 3% pigmento, 15% RCV e 3% pigmento – 15% RCV) também foram moldadas para avaliações de cunho microestrutural, cristalográfico e de análise térmica das reações de hidratação dos sistemas. O traço padrão foi 1:2,29:1,76:0,95 (cimento:areia média:areia muita grossa:pedrisco) com relação água-materiais secos 0,80. De uma maneira geral, adições de apenas pigmento (2% e 4%) reduziram em até 73% a resistência à compressão do paver padrão cinza (sem adições). Redução nos produtos de hidratação (CH e C-S-H) foram observadas. As substituições de areia média pelo RCV também foram prejudiciais a esse sistema. Já as adições de apenas RCV, bem como as de RCV concomitantemente com pigmento foram positivas em ganhos ou manutenção de propriedades (resistência à compressão, absorção de água, resistência à abrasão e cor) em relação ao paver padrão colorido (4% de pigmento), destacando-se a formulação 2% de pigmento e 50% de RCV. Assim, a adição de RCV é uma possibilidade técnica promissora, sustentável e economicamente viável na fabricação de pavers avermelhados.
Concrete interlocking blocks colored with pigment iron oxide (red) are used in urbanization projects. However, that kind of pigment increases around 20 to 30% the value of the pavers, as well as affect the properties of the dry concrete molded by vibrocompression. Therefore, it is proposed to incorporate red ceramic waste (RCW) as colorimetric hue in order of pigment content reduction in colored pavers, considering also the possibility of improving their properties by filler and pozzolanic effect. In order to investigate the effect of pigment and RCW in the studied composite, the formulations were: (a) reference paver designed by ABCP method for blocks and pavers; (B) adding pigment to the reference paver (2% and 4%); (C) substitution of medium sand by RCW in the reference paver (50%, 75% and 100%); (D) adding RCW in the reference paver (20%, 30%, 40% and 50%); (E) addition of pigment (2%) and RCW concurrently in the reference paver (20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 100% and 150%). For all mixtures (except those of replacement formulations), it was made the correction in cement consumption related to the reference mix proportion. Compressive strength, water absorption and abrasion resistance were measured according to the ABNT NBR 9781: 2013 standards; besides that, the color and texture of all manufactured formulations were observed by visual inspection. Cement pastes made by vibrocompression with low water-cement ratio (reference paste, 3% pigment, 15% RCW and 3% pigment RCW - 15% RCW) were also molded for microstructural, crystallographic and thermal analysis of systems hydration reactions. The reference mix proportion was 1:2.29:1.76:0.95 (cement: medium sand: thick sand: gravel) with ratio water-dry material 0.80. In general, additions of only pigment (2% and 4%) up to 73% reduced the compressive strength of the reference paver (no additions). Reduction in hydration products (C-S-H and CH) was observed. The substitution formulations of medium sand by RCW were also harmful to the systems. Additions of only RCW and RCW concomitantly with pigment were positive in gains or maintaining of properties (compressive strength, water absorption resistance and abrasion resistance) compared to the reference colored paver (4% pigment), especially the formulation of 2% pigment and 50% RCW. Thus, the addition of RCW is a promising, economic and sustainable technique in the production of red pavers.
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Villela, Assis Rodrigues Abbud. "Estudo de camada de base asfáltica de módulo elevado para restauração de rodovias de tráfego muito pesado." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3138/tde-22032012-115446/.
Full textAbstract:
A partir dos anos 1980, iniciou-se na França o uso de misturas asfálticas de módulo elevado (EME - Enrobé à Module Éleve) em intervenções de pavimentos para a restauração de vias urbanas e de trechos de rodovias sujeitas a tráfego pesado e intenso. Estas experiências tiveram como principais finalidades reduzir a deformabilidade e as espessuras das camadas do pavimento, elevando sua rigidez e melhorando seu comportamento mecânico quanto à deformação permanente e à vida de fadiga, em comparação com outros materiais convencionais. Com base nos estudos paramétricos, esta pesquisa analisa as deflexões, tensões e deformações atuantes nas diversas camadas da estrutura de um pavimento, a fim de estudar o comportamento de camadas de EME empregadas nos serviços de restauração. Desde que sejam conhecidas as condições estruturais do pavimento existente e do futuro tráfego, pode-se definir rapidamente as características geométricas e mecânicas das misturas de EME a serem empregadas nas camadas sobrejacentes das restaurações de pavimentos. São apresentados os ensaios laboratoriais com misturas de EME para definição do projeto de mistura, comportamento mecânico, Prensa de Cisalhamento Giratória (PCG - Presse à Cisaillement Giratoire) e deformação permanente, cujos resultados atenderam às especificações técnicas. Esta pesquisa conta com a execução de um Trecho Experimental na rodovia Presidente Dutra, localizado no município de Jacareí/SP, que é sujeita a tráfego pesado e intenso. Durante a sua execução, não foram verificadas dificuldades adicionais de usinagem e de execução em pista. Neste trecho composto de três diferentes seções experimentais, variando-se a espessura da camada de base de módulo elevado, foi avaliado e comprovado o bom comportamento estrutural do pavimento com mistura de EME como base asfáltica para restauração do pavimento de rodovia com tráfego muito pesado.Since 80s it has started in France the use of high modulus asphalt concrete (EME - Enrobé à Module Éleve) in pavement interventions for the restoration of urban roads and some sections of highways with heavy and high traffic. Those experiences had the main purpose of reducing deformability and decreasing layers thicknesses of the pavement, which could raise its strength and improve its mechanical behavior, concerning rutting and fatigue life, in comparison to other conventional materials. Based on a parametric studies, this research analyses deflections, tensions and deformations that act in all pavement structure for studying the behavior of EME layers in restorations. Since structural conditions of the existing pavement and the future traffic are known, it can be rapidly defined the geometrical and mechanical characteristics of EME mixtures for being used as wearing courses in pavement restorations. Laboratory tests were carried out with EME in terms of mixture design, mechanical behavior, French gyratory compaction (PCG - Presse à Cisaillement Giratoire) and rutting and the results were in compliance with technical specifications. This research includes a trial section on Presidente Dutra highway in Jacareí city/SP, which is a heavy and high trafficked road. During the construction, no additional difficulties in mixing and laydown operations were found. This test track composed of three sections with different thicknesses of EME as a base layer was evaluated, and proved the good structural behavior of EME mixture as an asphalt base layer for pavement rehabilitation of a very high trafficked road.
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Novotny, Pavel [Verfasser]. "Stability of Swirl Tube Flow / Pavel Novotny." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1200755308/34.
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Petříková, Šárka. "Pavel Haas: Komorní tvorba s využitím houslí." Master's thesis, Akademie múzických umění v Praze.Hudební a taneční fakulta. Knihovna, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-392824.
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The Master’s thesis Pavel Haas: Chamber Works with violin looks into his three string quartets in the context of this composer’s life. It evaluates Haas’s composing style and his visions, and generally takes it in the context of his era.
The thesis is focused on his String Quartet Number One C Sharp Minor, String Quartet Number Two „From the Monkey Mountains,“ and String Quartet Number Three Op. 15. It consists of a brief history of its premieres, analysis and a special chapter about the difficulties of interpretation. The next chapter is about the comparison of recordings, which includes the first contemporary recording made by The Hawthorne String Quartet, the recording of Kocianovo kvarteto as a representative of traditional Czech chamber music school and the recordings of two Czech young generation quartets, Pavel Haas Quartet and Bennewitz Quartet. One of the chapters is focused on Pavel Haas’s Quartet, which is named after him.
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Machado, Rita Macedo Ferreira de Sá. "Vapor e vazio: os silos de Pavia." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/23222.
Full textAbstract:
A presente dissertação tem como propósito a revisão e validação teórica do processo de trabalho de
projeto desenvolvido no âmbito da Unidade Curricular Projeto Avançado III.
É a partir da problemática do estudo do edifício dos Silos como instalações industriais pragmáticas na
relação que estabelecem entre forma e função, mas que surgem hoje como construções obsoletas e vazias de
função, que se constrói um pensamento sobre a possibilidade de reconversão da sua anterior função.
Partindo da observação do Silo como um Museu do Vazio, tem-se como principal objetivo estudar a
possibilidade de reconversão dos Silos de Pavia e da sua paisagem industrial envolvente, a partir de um elemento não construído: o vapor
É a partir da interpretação de vários textos que estudam a problemática da Paisagem e do Património
Industrial onde se aborda a problemática do Silo como Museu do Vazio ou como objeto na paisagem e do estudo
da cartografia do distrito de Évora que se inicia a reflexão e escolha tanto do Silo onde intervir como do programa
a propor.
Neste sentido, o vapor surge como elemento de ligação entre o comboio e a indústria cerealífera e existe
enquanto vazio que preenche e é capaz de construir um programa adequado às necessidades e capacidades deste
lugar e da sua população. O Silo e a área industrial envolvente são reconvertidos num espaço de experiências de banhos e jardim terapêutico valorizando o Silo e dignificando a importância da memória deste lugar; WORK TITLE:
Steam as Void: Reconversion of Pavia's Silos
ABSTRACT:
The present dissertation aims at the theoretical revision and validation of the project work process
developed within the scope of the Curricular Unit Advanced Project III.
It is from the problematic of the study of the building of the Silos as pragmatic industrial facilities in the
relationship that they establish between form and function, but which arise today as obsolete and empty
constructions of function, which builds thoughts on the possibility of reconverting its previous function.
Starting from the observation of the Silo as a Museum of the Void, one has as main objective to study
the possibility of reconversion of the Silos of Pavia and its surrounding industrial landscape, from an element
not constructed: the steam.
It is from the interpretation of several texts that study the problematic of the Landscape and the Industrial
Heritage where the problem of the Silo is approached as Museum of the Void or as an object in the landscape
and of the cartography study of the district of Évora that begins the reflection and choice both of Silo where to
intervene and of the program to be proposed.
In this sense, steam emerges as a link between the train and the cereal industry and exists as a void that
fills and is capable of building a program suited to the needs and capacities of this place and its population. The
Silo and the surrounding industrial area are transformed into a space of bathing experiences and therapeutic
garden valuing the Silo and dignifying the importance of the memory of this place.
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Patra, Aditya Kumar. "Particulate matter emission from paved road surfaces." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11860.
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Sajja, Mani Bhushan. "Eco-friendly paving blocks from alkali-activation of basalt powder." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.
Find full textAbstract:
The main aim of the research is to investigate the waste by-products as a sustainable construction material by means of Alkali-activation processes. Nowadays, cement is one of the most significant factors of climate change and global warming. It accounts for 5% to 8% of total emission, which may increase due to the increase in concrete production. In this process, sustainable and eco-products have been chosen.
Basalt and metakaolin were chosen as precursors. In this, basalt is the main component of our research. Basalt is an igneous rock formed by the rapid cooling of lava at the surface of a planet and it is the most common rock in the earth’s crust and metakaolin is the anhydrous calcined form of the clay mineral kaolinite also the particle size of metakaolin is smaller than cement particles.
In this experimentation, there are two activators sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide. These two activators added into precursors in certain proportions and mixed using a cement rotator. After that, this mixture is distributed into cube blocks and leave for a few minutes before packing with a plastic cover. Proceeding into a curing process, these cube blocks placed in the oven at certain temperatures between 60 to 80 degrees.
These types of precursors and activators are added in different ratios using this procedure to make a cube sample following by the curing process of 28 days. These were tested in compressive strength machine to obtain load resistance results. Basalt has better chemical resistance to the extended operating temperature range and environmentally friendly material. Metakaolin is eco-friendly by reducing the amount of 〖co〗_2 emission and the heat of hydration leading to shrinkage and crack control.
With the obtained synthetic mixtures, some special paving blocks were produced. Following the EN 1338 standard, these were tested in different to fully characterize the final product.
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Barrett, Anna S. "Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Exposure in Road Paving Workers." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1406809606.
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Fekrat, Abdul Qaium. "Structural Benefits of Concrete Paving of Deteriorated Metal Culvert Inverts." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1541975540368335.
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Khoshkar, Sara. "Paving the way for green qualities -Role of Environmental Assessment." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Hållbarhet, utvärdering och styrning, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-218056.
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Implementing urban development projects in planning practice while simultaneously providing sufficient green spaces has proven to be challenging. As a result, there is a growing need for practical approaches and tools for the integration of urban green qualities in the on-going densification of cities. Environmental assessment, as a proactive decision aiding tool, can hold an important role in integrating green qualities in urban development plans and projects. However, in recent years environmental assessment has only added moderate value to planning issues regarding green space. Therefore, this thesis was designed to contribute to the knowledge and understanding on the role environmental assessment can have in the integration of green qualities in future urban development plans and projects in efforts to aid practitioners. This aim was achieved through examination of existing urban green space planning practice in the Stockholm region (Paper I) and the practice of environmental assessment in a selection of European countries in relation to the following factors identified to be important for practice: timing, quality control, alternatives, monitoring and public participation (Paper II). The findings from both studies were then analysed to identify possibilities of green space planning within the framework of these factors. A qualitative research was employed for this study including: semi-structured interviews with municipal planners in the Stockholm region and environmental assessment experts for the European Commission, literature review, document analysis and case study analysis. The case studies analyzed in Paper I were located in municipalities of Haninge and Huddinge, suburban areas located to the south of Stockholm. In Paper II, the experts interviewed were environmental assessment experts from the European Commission from: Austria, Denmark, Finland, Greece, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway and Slovenia. Through analysis of the results from both studies, the potential role of environmental assessment in integrating green qualities in urban development plans and projects are explored and discussed in relation to the factors. The potential of environmental assessment to enhance public participation and dialogues amongst actors, or bring forth green space issues within alternatives are a few of the roles discussed. Furthermore, a selection of pathways is suggested for the integration of green qualities in future urban development through the application of environmental assessment. For example, the implementation of developer dialogues in the environmental assessment process and the development of knowledge exchange platforms for sharing experiences in relation to green space planning and environmental assessment.QC 20171122
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Sucupira, Marcos Lima Leandro. "AplicaÃÃo e AdaptaÃÃo da Metodologia PAVER para Pavimentos Urbanos do Campus do Pici na Cidade de Fortaleza." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2006. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=449.
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FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgicoA necessidade constante de serviÃos de manutenÃÃo e restauraÃÃo nas vias urbanas, agravadas pela falta de recursos disponÃveis para tal fim à o que motiva a implantaÃÃo dos sistemas de gerÃncia aplicada à pavimentaÃÃo urbana. Estes sistemas sÃo capazes de alocar os recursos dos orÃamentos de manutenÃÃo de infra-estruturas de estradas, aos trechos mais necessitados, onde a sua utilizaÃÃo serà otimizada, priorizando-se os investimentos em funÃÃo do estado de conservaÃÃo da via e da importÃncia da mesma. Neste contexto, esta dissertaÃÃo propÃe a anÃlise dos defeitos existentes nos pavimentos urbanos atravÃs do uso da metodologia Paver (Pavement Maintenance Management System), desenvolvida pelo U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), baseada no cÃlculo do Ãndice de CondiÃÃo do Pavimento (PCI) que utiliza o tipo de defeito encontrado no pavimento e a sua severidade correspondente para calcular o seu valor. O estudo faz adaptaÃÃes à metodologia em questÃo para permitir a anÃlise de calÃamentos de paralelepÃpedos, bastante utilizados na cidade de Fortaleza, levantando os defeitos existentes nestes e avaliando a situaÃÃo dos mesmos pela Ãrea superficial dos danos existentes, uma vez que este tipo de revestimento nÃo à abordado pela metodologia Paver. Para testar a eficÃcia desta forma de anÃlise dos pavimentos urbanos, foi realizado um estudo de caso, em um trecho da malha viÃria urbana de Fortaleza, com 604m de extensÃo, que apresenta um trecho asfaltado e outro calÃado com paralelepÃpedos. Os resultados demonstraram a facilidade de aplicaÃÃo da metodologia e da adaptaÃÃo desenvolvida, propiciando a viabilidade de sua implantaÃÃo na malha viÃria urbana das grandes cidades em um Sistema de GerÃncia de Pavimentos (SGP). AtravÃs dos critÃrios de priorizaÃÃo, expostos no Paver, pode-se fornecer uma lista de prioridades de intervenÃÃo nos segmentos de uma malha viÃria, que necessitam de intervenÃÃo, reduzindo deste modo o desperdÃcio dos recursos pÃblicos e permitindo o controle destes nas obras de restauraÃÃo e manutenÃÃo das vias.
The necessity of constant maintenance and restoration services of the urban ways, aggravated by the lack of proper and sufficient resources, is the main motive for the application of management systems on urban pavements. These systems make it possible to allocate resources of the road infrastructure maintenance budget to the areas where they are most needed. By doing this, it becomes possible to optimize investments using them according to certain criteria, which will take into consideration the waysâ conservation status and also their importance. Within this context, this dissertation proposes an analysis of the existing distresses on urban pavements through the use of the PAVER methodology (Pavement Maintenance Management System), which was developed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). Such methodology is based on the Pavement Condition Index (PCI), which takes into consideration the type of distress found and its severity level to calculate its value. In order to permit an analysis of ways with paving stone surfaces, which is frequently seen in Fortaleza, there have been some adaptations on the studied methodology by listing the existing distresses and evaluating their situation for the existing damagesâ superficial area, once that this type of way is not approached by the PAVER methodology. In order to test the efficiency of this way of analyzing urban pavements, a case-study has been conducted in a small portion, 604 meters long, of Fortalezaâs road network which is composed by two different paving surfaces; asphalt and paving stone. The results show the applicability of this methodology and the adaptation that has been developed, making it possible its implementation in big citiesâ road networks in a Pavement Management System (PMS). Through the criteria of priorities, postulated by PAVER, one can provide a list of priorities of intervention in road network segments, the ones that really need intervention, as to reduce the waste of public resources and allow a better spending control of these resources when restoration and maintenance services are being carried out in road networks.
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Sucupira, Marcos Lima Leandro. "Aplicação e adaptação da metodologia paver para pavimentos urbanos do Campus do Pici na cidade de Fortaleza." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2006. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/4882.
Full textAbstract:
SUCUPIRA, M. L. L. Aplicação e adaptação da metodologia paver para pavimentos urbanos do
Campus do Pici na Cidade de Fortaleza. 2006.
218 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia de Transportes) – Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2006.Submitted by Zacarias Barbosa Matias Junior (zaca@det.ufc.br) on 2013-05-27T16:35:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2006_dis_mllsucupira.pdf: 16412301 bytes, checksum: 32810af3686291e9755ad8edaf250ad4 (MD5)
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The necessity of constant maintenance and restoration services of the urban ways, aggravated by the lack of proper and sufficient resources, is the main motive for the application of management systems on urban pavements. These systems make it possible to allocate resources of the road infrastructure maintenance budget to the areas where they are most needed. By doing this, it becomes possible to optimize investments using them according to certain criteria, which will take into consideration the ways’ conservation status and also their importance. Within this context, this dissertation proposes an analysis of the existing distresses on urban pavements through the use of the PAVER methodology (Pavement Maintenance Management System), which was developed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). Such methodologyis based on the Pavement Condition Index (PCI), which takes into consideration thetype of distress found and its severity level to calculate its value. In order to permit an analysis of ways with paving stone surfaces, which is frequently seen in Fortaleza, there have been some adaptations on the studied methodology by listing the existing distresses and evaluating their situation for the existing damages’ superficial area, once that this type of way is not approached by the PAVER methodology. In order to testthe efficiency of this way of analyzing urban pavements, a case-study has been conducted in a small portion, 604 meters long, of Fortaleza’s road network which is composed bytwo different paving surfaces; asphalt and paving stone. The results show the applicability of this methodology and the adaptation that has been developed, making it possible its implementation in big cities’ road networks in a Pavement Management System (PMS). Through the criteria of priorities, postulated by PAVER, one can provide a list of priorities of intervention in road network segments, the ones that really need intervention, as to reduce the waste of public resources and allow abetter spending control of these resources when restoration and maintenance services are being carried out in road networks.
A necessidade constante de serviços de manutenção e restauração nas vias urbanas, agravadas pela falta de recursos disponíveis para tal fim é o que motiva a implantação dos sistemas de gerência aplicada à pavimentação urbana. Estes sistemas são capazes de alocar os recursos dos orçamentos de manutenção de infraestruturas de estradas, aos trechos mais necessitados, onde a sua utilização será otimizada, priorizando-se os investimentos em função do estado de conservação da via e da importância da mesma. Neste contexto, esta dissertação propõe a análise dos defeitos existentes nos pavimentos urbanos através do uso da metodologia Paver(Pavement Maintenance Management System), desenvolvida pelo U.S. Army Co-Rps of Engineers (USACE), baseada no cálculo do Índice de Condição do Pavimento (PCI) que utiliza o tipo de defeito encontrado no pavimento e a sua severidade correspondente para calcular o seu valor. O estudo faz adaptações à metodologia em questão para permitir a análise de calçamentos de paralelepípedos, bastante utilizados na cidade de Fortaleza, levantando os defeitos existentes nestes e avaliando a situação dos mesmos pela área superficial dos danos existentes, uma vez que este tipo de revestimento não é abordado pela metodologia Paver. Para testar a eficácia desta forma de análise dos pavimentos urbanos, foi realizado um estudo de caso, em um trecho da malha viária urbana de Fortaleza, com 604m de extensão, que apresenta um trecho asfaltado e outro calçado com paralelepípedos. Os resultados demonstraram a facilidade de aplicação da metodologia e da adaptação desenvolvida, propiciando a viabilidade de sua implantação na malha viária urbana das grandes cidades em um Sistema de Gerência de Pavimentos (SGP). Através dos critérios de priorização, expostos no Paver, pode-se fornecer uma lista de prioridades de intervenção nos segmentos de uma malha viária, que necessitam de intervenção, reduzindo deste modo o desperdício dos recursos públicos e permitindo o controle destes nas obras de restauração e manutenção das vias.
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Tota-Maharaj, Kiran. "Geothermal paving systems for urban runoff treatment and renewable energy efficiency." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4909.
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Water and energy are two of the most precious and essential resources which are inseparably connected; vital for the survival and well-being of humanity. Sustainable water resources and energy management emphasizes the requirement for a holistic approach in meeting the needs of the present and future generations. In order to indentify the needs and obstacles relating to water reuse and renewable energy initiatives, Hanson Formpave in partnership with The University of Edinburgh implement a five-year pilot project between May 2005 and June 2010. The research project addressed the use of sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS) such as permeable pavements systems (PPS) and integration of renewable energy tools such as geothermal heat pumps (GHPs). The research uses the novel and timely urban drainage system and focuses on water quality assessment when incorporated with GHPs. Twelve-tanked laboratory scaled experimental PPS were evaluated at The King’s Building campus (The University of Edinburgh, Scotland) using different compositions. Variations in designs included the presence of geotextiles layers and geothermal heating/cooling applications. The experimental rigs were examined for a two year period (March 2008 to April 2010). Two types of urban stormwater were used in the analysis; (i) gully pot liquor and (ii) gully pot liquor spiked with Canis lupus familiaris (dog) faeces. This urban wastewater represented the extreme worstcase scenario from a storm event, which can occur on a permeable pavement parking lot. The pavement systems operated in batch-flow to mimic weekly storm events and reduce pumping costs. Six PPS were located indoor in a controlled environment and six corresponding PPS were placed outdoors to allow for a direct comparison of controlled and uncontrolled environmental conditions. The outdoor rig simulated natural weather conditions whilst the indoor rig operated under controlled environmental conditions such as regulated temperature, humidity and light. The project assessed the performance of these pavement rigs with the integration of ground-source heating and cooling, standalone PPS and the abilities for water quality treatment from a physical, chemical and microbiological perspective. The performance efficiency of the GHP was measured by the energy efficiency ration (EER) for steady state cooling efficiency and the coefficient of performance (COP) for the heating cycle efficiency. Findings from the combined PPS and GHP system and standalone systems were able to significantly lower levels for all physiochemical and microbial water quality parameters in the range of (70-99.99%) respectively. Outflow concentrations for all pavement systems met the European Commission Environment Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive (91/271/EEC). The presence of geotextiles resulted in a significant reduction of contaminants when compared to PPS systems without (p <0.05). Photocatalytic disinfection with titanium dioxide (TIO2) was applied to the effluent from PPS for further treatment and polishing of the stormwater. After the photocatalytic disinfection, the water met the requirements for the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) water recycling guidelines and the World Health Organisation (WHO) guidelines for potable water consumption with regards to microbial contamination. An Energy and temperature balance was developed for two PPS using a 4th order Runge-Kutta numerical method to model the heat fluxes and energy balance within the pavement system. Machine learning techniques such as artificial neural networks (backpropagatioin feed forward neural networks) and self-organising maps (SOM) were applied and successfully predicted the effluent concentrations of nutrients, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and microbial pollutants. The overall outcome of this research is a significant contribution to the development of a new generable of sustainable and eco-friendly pavements. The research project proves scientifically that PPS is one of the most appropriate systems for GHP installation and does not affect its efficiency for water pollutant removal.
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Eilert, Tobias [Verfasser]. "Paving the way for structural modelling by smFRET measurements / Tobias Eilert." Ulm : Universität Ulm, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1193126843/34.
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Thai, Tung T. "Approaches for using open-graded friction courses for paving Florida's highways." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0013381.
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Mayo-Bobee, Dinah. "Congressional Angst: Paving a Legislative Road to the War of 1812." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/732.
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Ribeiro, Isaias da Silva. "Arquitetura de museu-parque: os pavilh?es expositivos do Instituto Inhotim." PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM ARQUITETURA E URBANISMO, 2016. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/22212.
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A tese aqui apresentada estuda a rela??o entre arquitetura e arte, tendo como estudo de caso os pavilh?es expositivos do Instituto Cultural Inhotim, localizado na cidade de Brumadinho, Minas Gerais. A investiga??o procurou responder ? seguinte quest?o: Como vem se estabelecendo a rela??o entre arquitetura e artes visuais no Instituto Inhotim? A partir do problema apresentado, outras quest?es foram elaboradas para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa: Em que medida as caracter?sticas formais das obras de artes visuais conduziram o processo de concep??o dos projetos dos pavilh?es de car?ter permanente do Instituto Inhotim? Os espa?os expositivos do Instituto Inhotim apresentam caracter?sticas que os diferenciam de projetos de arquitetura museol?gica elaborados para outras institui??es? Que aspectos lhes s?o espec?ficos? O estudo busca, a partir da an?lise dos pavilh?es expositivos daquela institui??o, relacionar as caracter?sticas morfol?gicas, funcionais e materiais das edifica??es com as obras de arte contempor?nea (de car?ter permanente) e o di?logo entre arquiteto e artista durante o processo projetual. Para tanto, foi feita a an?lise dos pavilh?es permanentes ? luz do discurso dos arquitetos e artistas envolvidos no processo projetual. Pretendeu-se, com este estudo, trazer uma contribui??o acerca da produ??o da arquitetura contempor?nea brasileira, abrindo, assim, novos caminhos para estudiosos interessados no campo de projeto de arquitetura de museus e espa?os expositivos, tendo como enfoque as rela??es entre arte e arquitetura. As conclus?es da pesquisa indicam que, no panorama dos espa?os projetados para a arte no Brasil, o Inhotim se apresenta como um caso ?nico. O Inhotim se configura a partir de uma expografia que inclui o acervo exibido em parte ?ao ar livre? (esculturas, por exemplo) entre a vegeta??o do parque e outras obras (como instala??es e pinturas) s?o abrigadas em edifica??es projetadas atrav?s de parcerias entres arquitetos e artistas. Nesta perspectiva, a arte contempor?nea, que agrupa uma gama de processos art?sticos, encontra neste museu, um campo aberto para concretiza??o das mais diversas proposi??es nesse universo de cria??o. No que se refere aos projetos dos pavilh?es para exposi??o permanente, outros aspectos s?o valorizados, al?m das caracter?sticas morfol?gicas das obras de arte, como, por exemplo, os temas e materiais utilizados pelos artistas em suas obras. Para finalizar, podemos afirmar que no Inhotim, e mais diretamente nos remetendo ao conjunto arquitet?nico museol?gico em constitui??o, a arquitetura que vem sendo produzida, espec?fica para abrigar obras de arte contempor?nea, ? in?dita no campo do museu-parque de arte. A parceria entre arquiteto e artista conduz ? produ??o de um projeto ?nico de arquitetura que objetiva a prote??o e exibi??o do acervo, em especial de instala??es.
The thesis presented here studies the relationship between architecture and art, taking as a case study the exhibition pavilions of the Inhotim Institute, located in Brumadinho, Minas Gerais. The research sought to answer the question: How has been establishing the relationship between architecture and visual arts in Inhotim Institute? From the presented problem, other issues have been prepared for the development of the research: To what extent the formal characteristics of the visual arts works led the design process for projects of permanent pavilions of the Inhotim Institute? The exhibition spaces of the Instituto Inhotim have characteristics that differentiate them of museum architecture projects designed to other institutions? What aspects are specific to them? The study aims, based on an analysis of exhibition pavilions institution, links the materials, morphological and functional characteristics of the buildings to the works of permanent contemporary art and the dialogue between architect and artist during the design process. Therefore, it was made the analysis of the architectural design of the permanent pavilions to the view of the architects and artists involved in the design process. This study intended to make a contribution on the Brazilian contemporary architecture production, thereby opening new ways for researches interested in museums architecture design field and exhibition spaces, with the focus on the relationship between art and architecture. The research's conclusions point that the panorama of spaces designed for art in Brazil, we can say that the Inhotim is presented as a single case. Inhotim is shaped from a expography in which part of the collection is exhibited "outdoors" (sculptures, for example) on the green areas of the park and other works (such as installations and paintings) are housed in designed buildings by partnerships between architects and artists. In this perspective, contemporary art, which brings together a range of artistic processes, finds in Inhotim, an open field for implementation of various proposals in this creative universe. In the case of design project of the pavilions for permanent exhibition, other aspects are valued, in addition to the morphological characteristics of works of art, for example, the themes and materials used by artists in their works. Finally, we can say that in Inhotim, and more directly referring to the museum architectural complex in constitution, specific architecture that has been produced to house works of contemporary art, it?s unprecedented in the museum-park art knowledge. The partnership between architect and artist leads to the production of a single architecture project that aims to protect and display the collection in special installations works.
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Maynard, Christopher M. "A Novel Approach for Road Construction using an Automated Paving Robot." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1127420723.
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Bortz, Brandon Stallone. "Geocellular confinement systems in low-volume paved roads." Diss., Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20111.
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Doctor of PhilosophyCivil Engineering
Mustaque A. Hossain
Geocellular confinement systems (geocells), three-dimensional honeycomb-like structures containing an infill of available materials such as sand or crushed limestone, vastly improve shear strength of infill materials. Geocells are potential solutions for challenges associated with low-volume paved road reconstruction. The objectives of this study were to test geocell designs with various infill materials and a thin hot-mix asphalt overlay under full-scale traffic load and to numerically model this problem. Therefore, eight pavement test sections were constructed at the Civil Infrastructure System Laboratory at Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas. Repeated loads (80-kN, single axle) were applied to the pavement sections using an accelerated pavement testing machine till failure. Pavement sections were modeled three-dimensionally using Abaqus, a commercially available finite element software package. Effects of geocell height and location were simulated in the geocell-reinforced bases, and pavement structures were modeled as three-layered systems. Results showed that proper geocell height, infill material and cover depth to protect the geocells during construction are necessary to ensure long-term performance of geocell-reinforced pavements. Such pavement structures with low- quality infill materials can perform as well as conventionally-constructed pavement structures.
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Saghebfar, Milad. "Performance of geotextile-reinforced bases for paved roads." Diss., Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18278.
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Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Civil Engineering
Mustaque Hossain
Geotextiles have been widely promoted for pavement structure over the past 30 years. However, there is a lack of well-instrumented, full-scale experiments to investigate the effect of geotextile reinforcement on the pavement design. In this study, full–scale accelerated tests were conducted on eight lanes of pavement test sections. Six out of these eight sections had granular bases reinforced with different types of woven geotextiles. The reinforced base sections and the control sections (with unreinforced base) were paved with Superpave hot-mix asphalt. Base and subgrade materials were the same for all sections while the test sections had different asphalt and base layer thicknesses. Each section was instrumented with two pressure cells on top of the subgrade, six strain gages on the geotextile body, six H-bar strain gages at the bottom of the asphalt layer, two thermocouples and one Time Domain Reflectometer (TDR) sensor. The sections were loaded to 250,000 to 500,000 repetitions of an 80-kN single axle load of the accelerated pavement testing machine. The mechanistic response of each section was monitored and analyzed at selected number of wheel passes. Results indicate that properly selected and designed geotextile-reinforced bases improve pavement performance in term of rutting and reduced pressure at the top of the subgrade. Finite element (FE) models were developed and verified using results from the full-scale accelerated pavement tests. The calibrated model was used to investigate the effects of geotextile properties on the pavement responses. FE analysis shows that benefits of reinforcement are more evident when stiffer geotextile is used.