Academic literature on the topic 'Paving blocks'
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Journal articles on the topic "Paving blocks"
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Erlangga, Erlangga, Winda Rahmawati, Muhammad Amin, and Siti Suharyatun. "Pemanfaatan Limbah Kulit Kakao Sebagai Bahan Pembuat Pori Pada Ecopavings Block." Jurnal Agricultural Biosystem Engineering 2, no. 4 (2023): 532. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jabe.v2i4.8187.
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During 2018-2019 there were floods in the Bandar Lampung area. In general, the flood that occurs is only inundation with a maximum height of 2 meters. Therefore, every residential area or roadside must have water catchment areas such as a stretch of land in the form of planting or sidewalks that have pores such as paving blocks that can absorb rainwater into the ground. Making paving blocks in this study used cocoa shell waste because it was indicated that it could be processed into charcoal which contains a lot of carbon which can absorb water, with this composition absorbing water between eco-pavings blocks. The purpose of this research is to utilize cocoa shell waste to manufacture eco-paving blocks and to analyze the physical characteristics of cocoa shell eco-paving blocks. The effect of cocoa shell waste on Eco-Paving Blocks in this study is that the more cocoa shell waste fiber is used, the more porous cavities in the eco-paving block will be, and vice versa. The paving block of cocoa shell waste produced in this study has an average density test value of 1670.751 kg/m3 to 1929.642 kg/m3. The water absorption test obtained an average value of 11.18% - 19.82%. For the infiltration test, the largest value was obtained, namely in treatment 1, which was 0.355 mm/s. The visible test is obtained with the shape of the appropriate paving texture obtained on the P2 factor because the resulting texture is good and there are no gaps or defects when the paving has been printed. Meanwhile, in the compressive strength test, the average value decreased significantly from the P1 variation to the P4 variation. The highest value was in treatment P1 with a value of 0.0154 MPA, while the lowest value occurred in treatment P4 with a value of 0.0030 MPA. However, in this study there were several parameters that did not meet the criteria for quality standard paving D. Keywords: Eco-Paving Block, Cocoa Shell Waste
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Awolusi, Temitope, Daniel Oguntayo, Ahmed Farouk Deifalla, et al. "Utilization of Bitumen Modified with Pet Bottles as an Alternative Binder for the Production of Paving Blocks." Civil Engineering Journal 9, no. 1 (2023): 104–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2023-09-01-08.
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This study considers the utilization of bitumen modified with molten polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste bottles as an alternative binder in paving blocks. PET waste was used at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10% to modify bitumen in the production of paving blocks. Compressive strength test and skid resistance test were conducted on the paving block samples to evaluate their mechanical strength properties, while water absorption and the Cantabro abrasion tests were carried out to ascertain the durability of the paving block samples. The PET-modified bitumen paving blocks (PMBPB) have enhanced compressive strength and skid resistance compared to unmodified bitumen paving blocks. Also, a significant reduction in water absorption rate of up to 56% was achieved in PET-modified bitumen paving blocks (PMBPB) compared to the unmodified sample. The abrasion loss in the PMBCB samples was the least compared to that in normal cement paving blocks and unmodified bitumen paving blocks. The maximum compressive strength and least water absorption for the PET-modified bitumen concrete paving blocks were obtained at a 10% PET replacement level. It can be concluded that enhanced compressive strength and durability in cement paving blocks and unmodified bitumen paving blocks could be achieved with the use of PET modified bitumen in concrete paving block production, and this will also encourage PET waste recycling and contribute meaningfully to sustainability in concrete paving block production. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-01-08 Full Text: PDF
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Anggraini, Nurti Kusuma, Seno Suharyo, and Desy Ratna Arthaningtyas. "ANALISIS UJI KUAT TEKAN PAVING BLOCK DENGAN COMPRESSION TEST DAN HAMMER TEST." Menara: Jurnal Teknik Sipil 18, no. 2 (2023): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jmenara.v18i2.36679.
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Based on its quality, paving blocks are used in the construction sector and an alternative choice for surface pavement layers. Several other advantages are concrete bricks (paving blocks) better than other pavements and are economical in maintenance, artistic in terms of the exterior of a building, do not require heavy equipment to work/install, and can be mass-produced. This study aims to compare the compressive strength of paving blocks using a compression test and hammer test and to determine the quality of paving blocks. In this study there are 9 objects, 3 different shapes of paving blocks consist of 3 pieces of each form. The form of paving blocks used are brick paving blocks, hexagons and worms (univape). Based on the test results, there is a difference in the compressive strength value of the compression test and the hammer test, where the compression test compressive strength value is greater than the hammer test compressive strength value. The results of the compressive strength test showed that the paving blocks were in the category of quality B paving blocks.
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Khosiin, Khosiin, and Nurlia Latpah. "Uji Kuat (Kuat Tekan) Paving Block Hasil Konversi Sampah Plastik." BIOEDUSAINS:Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi dan Sains 6, no. 2 (2023): 551–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31539/bioedusains.v6i2.5930.
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This research aims to determine the compressive strength of paving blocks produced from plastic waste through a comparison with paving blocks made from a mixture of plastic and sand, as well as factory-produced paving blocks used for the UIN Fatmawati Sukarno Bengkulu campus courtyard. The research is conducted using an experimental method, starting with the manufacturing of plastic-based paving blocks and followed by strength testing in the civil engineering laboratory of the University of Bengkulu. The results of the research show that the compressive strength of factory-produced paving blocks made from sand and cement averages 5.9 MPa, while the compressive strength of paving blocks made from a mixture of plastic and sand averages 1.32 MPa, and the average compressive strength of paving blocks is 2.23 MPa. In conclusion, the compressive strength of paving blocks made from pure plastic or a mixture of plastic and sand is still below the SNI 03-0691-1996 standard due to the brittle nature of plastic.
 Keywords: Conversion, Plastic, Paving Block
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Pamungkas, Anugrah Dwi, and Sapto Budi Wasono. "Comparison of Strong Pressure of Paving Block Using Sand Mix With Cement and Lime With Cement in Economic Event." ADRI International Journal of Civil Engineering 5, no. 2 (2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.29138/aijce.v5i2.2.
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The use of paving blocks (concrete brick) is widely used for various construction elements of buildings, in the field work paving blocks are often used for pavement pavement roads, residential yards and public facilities, environmental roads and various other needs. The purpose of this study was to determine the comparison of normal paving block compressive strength tests with lime-based modified paving blocks originating from the Ngimbang area of Lamongan Regency, East Java. The test results obtained from the optimum value of the compressive strength test paving block modified limestone mixture ±50% as a substitute for sand aggregate obtained compressive strength value of 4.53 Nmm2 at the age of 7 days, while the optimum value obtained from the normal paving compressive strength test of 25.30 Nmm2 at the age of 7 days. From the results obtained there was a drastic decrease in compressive strength in the mixture reached ±20% . HaThis study shows that the manufacture of paving blocks using limestone as a substitute for sand aggregates does not meet SNI paving blocks. However, in general, economic modification of paving blocks is cheaper than normal paving blocks.
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Juita, Mayang Sari, Dodit Ardiatma, and Nur Ilman Ilyas. "Utilization of Disposable Diaper Waste with Added Naphthalene Formaldehyde Sulfonate into Paving Blocks in an Effort to Minimize Waste to Reduce Environmental Pollution." International Journal of Science and Society 5, no. 5 (2023): 967–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.54783/ijsoc.v5i5.964.
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This research aims to determine the best classification and composition of paving blocks mixed with baby diaper waste in terms of compressive strength and water absorption of paving blocks based on SNI 03-0691-1996, the effect of variations in baby diaper waste on compressive strength and water absorption tests and to determine the quality comparison. paving blocks mixed with baby diaper waste and commercial paving blocks. The method used in this research is an experimental method, using a quantitative approach. The materials used to produce paving blocks are cement, sand, water, a mixture of baby diaper waste and the added ingredient sikacim concrete additive. The samples were tested to determine the relationship between physical characteristics and mechanical properties with material composition in accordance with the quality of Paving Blocks produced based on SNI 03-0691-1996. In this research, it was determined based on the planning ratio between cement and sand, namely 3:7. Baby diaper waste added to the paving blocks was 0 grams, 5 grams, 10 grams, 15 grams and 20 grams. The best classification and composition for adding baby diaper waste to paving blocks if viewed from the compressive strength of paving blocks is by adding 10 grams of baby diaper waste with a compressive strength of 36.76 Mpa which meets the SNI 03-0691-1996 quality classification A, where this paving block can be used for roads, container terminal land pavement at ports, non-structural and structural needs with other heavy loads. Meanwhile, if we look at the water absorption capacity of the paving blocks, the best classification and composition of adding 5 grams of baby diaper waste with the lowest water absorption capacity of 1.41% meets the SNI 03-0691-1996 quality classification standard A.
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Ulfiana, D., Suripin, D. A. Wulandari, N. N. Hudaifah, and N. H. Salsabila. "The development of permeable pavement from demolished construction waste." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 969, no. 1 (2022): 012082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/969/1/012082.
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Abstract In Indonesia, paving blocks are one of the most extensively used building materials. Paving blocks are ideal for making roads, parks, and parking lots because they are easy to install, durable, and weather-resistant. The high demand for paving blocks contributes to the increasing demand for aggregate as the main material for paving blocks. This has an indirect impact on the environment. On the other hand, building demolition waste is increasing. The majority of these building materials are non-biodegradable, such as concrete, plaster, brick walls, and tiles, which could harm the environment. Therefore, this study aims to see the possibility of using demolished concrete, brick walls, and tiles as a substitute for the aggregate in the production of permeable paving blocks. Each substitute material is then sampled and evaluated with compressive strength and infiltration rate to find the most optimum permeable paving block design. Based on the analysis, permeable paving blocks that use concrete as a substitute for coarse aggregate have better permeability and compressive strength compared to paving blocks that use brick walls and tiles waste. This paving block has an infiltration rate of 858 mm/hour and compressive strength of 11.68 MPa which is suitable for use in the park.
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Avizovas, Rolandas, Saulius Baskutis, Valentinas Navickas, and László Tamándl. "Effect of Chemical Composition of Clay on Physical-Mechanical Properties of Clay Paving Blocks." Buildings 12, no. 7 (2022): 943. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12070943.
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Clay paving blocks made of natural, environmentally friendly materials have their own originality and colorful authenticity, but due to the complex technological production process, they are also relatively expensive products; therefore, their environmental resistance properties are strictly defined and controlled by the standards. The physical and mechanical properties of clay paving blocks are the key factors aiming to ensure the longevity of products and their long-term success in the market. Therefore, ensuring high physical and mechanical properties of clay paving blocks have become a most crucial challenge for the manufactures. This article considers the parameters of the technological production process of clay paving blocks manufacturing and evaluates the influence of the chemical composition of three different types of clay on the physical and mechanical properties of the paving blocks. Water absorption, linear shrinkage, freeze/thaw, acid resistance, and transverse breaking load of clay paving blocks are investigated. This study reveals the importance of raw material selection in the production process of clay paving blocks and provides the concept of main quality factors of clay.
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Girskas, Giedrius, Džigita Nagrockienė, and Gintautas Skripkiūnas. "The effect of synthetic zeolite admixture on the durability of concrete paving blocks." Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering 11, no. 3 (2016): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bjrbe.2016.25.
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Concrete paving blocks that were started to be used in the last century have become very popular. They became an alternative to the natural stone. Concrete paving blocks are used for the paving of pedestrian and vehicle zones. Durability is one of the main characteristics in the production of high-quality concrete paving blocks in the Baltic region climate zone. The article describes tests with concrete paving blocks, the top layer of which contains 5% of synthetic zeolite admixture obtained by means of low temperature synthesis in laboratory conditions. This zeolite admixture is obtained from aluminium fluoride production waste. The durability of concrete paving blocks was tested according to abrasion resistance, tensile splitting strength, absorption and frost resistance. The test results revealed that 5% of zeolite admixture added to the top layer of concrete paving blocks reduce the absorption, increase the tensile splitting strength by more than 10%, and decrease abrasion by 6.5%. The zeolite admixture used in concrete paving blocks reduces the scaling about 4 times after 28 freeze-thaw cycles when 3% NaCl is used as the freezing solution. The tests revealed that synthetic zeolite admixture can be used in concrete elements production by means of vibropressing (pavement elements) to increase their durability.
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Wajdi, Bina Arumbinang, Rachmat Mudiyono, and Soedarsono Soedarsono. "Pengaruh Lamanya Perendaman Terhadap Absorpsi, Ketahanan Aus, dan Kuat Tekan Paving Block." Proceedings Series on Physical & Formal Sciences 6 (October 13, 2023): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.30595/pspfs.v6i.849.
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Paving blocks are considered advantageous over other road surfaces, and it is undeniable that paving blocks are an alternative road surface whose quality is still affected by water flooding. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of soaking time and age of paving blocks in terms of absorption, wear resistance, and compressive strength. The paving blocks used were manual (Holland) brick models obtained from Banyubiru and mechanical ones obtained from PT Pohon Cemara Semarang. The variations soaking times were 0, 12, 24, 36, 48 (hours) for 7, 14, 21, 28 (days) old pavers. The tests conducted were absorption, wear resistance, and compressive strength tests of paving blocks, carried out in the UNISSULA civil engineering laboratory. The results of absorption tests manual and machine paving block showed that value of the absorption test increased with increasing soaking time. The results of wear resistance of manual and machine pavers show that the untreated samples had a lower wear value and all test results met the requirements of SNI 03-0361-1996 Quality A. The maximum compressive strength of manual paving blocks at 28 days of age without treatment is 13.334 MPa. The maximum compressive strength of machine-made pavers is 25.297 MPa for paving blocks without immersion.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Paving blocks"
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Aslantas, Onur. "A Study On Abrasion Resistance Of Concrete Paving Blocks." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605709/index.pdf.
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Concrete block pavement (CBP) can be an alternative pavement to asphalt and concrete pavements. CBP is formed from individual concrete paving blocks (CPBs) that fit next to one another on a suitable sub base leaving a specific joint space among them to be filled with jointing sand.
CBP differ from other pavements according to their mechanical behavior, manufacturing technique, structural design, installation technique and structural behavior. For a serviceable pavement all of these subjects have to be studied. The literature about the mechanical behavior of CPBs is not adequate. This study aims to determine the performance of CPBs formed from different mixes prepared with a white portland cement.
For this purpose, 10 mixes with different cement contents and W/C ratios and 2 mixes from a commercial CPB manufacturer were tested. The compressive strength,
tensile splitting strength, abrasion resistance, density and % water absorption tests were performed on each mix at 7, 14, 28 days.
It was concluded that, the cement content in the mix, optimum water volume for a given cement content, the way the manufacturing equipment is operated and their interaction was effective on the mechanical properties of CPBs. It was also observed that there was no handicap to stop the abrasion resistance test at 8*22 revolutions instead of 16*22 revolutions given in TS 2824.
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Limbachiya, V. "Additives to increase the sustainability of concrete paving blocks." Thesis, Coventry University, 2015. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/a70b1134-4ee6-4aef-a68d-23328be6ec71/1.
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The aim of this study was to break through current limits with cement substitutes in concrete paving block and introduce high levels of cementitious constituents. As well as meeting the current strength and durability requirements stated in BS EN 1338:2003 the study reported on the effect of materials variability and leaching properties. The cementitous materials used to replace Portland cement (PC) were Pulverised Fuel Ash (PFA also known as Fly Ash), Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS), Metakaolin (MK), Silica fume (SF), Glass Powder (GP), Basic Oxygen Slag (BOS) and By Pass Dust (BPD). The first phase of the study analysed 11 groups of ternary cement paste blends using Minitab, a statistical programme to help determine mix designs and optimised mix. Analysis of ternary cement pastes in the first phase concluded that mixes containing GGBS over PFA produced greater strengths at early ages. Mixes confirmed that PC-GGBS-GP provided good strengths due to the SiO2 content within GP providing secondary CSH gel. PC-GGBS-BPD provided good strengths due to SO3 within BPD activating the GGBS through sulphates. The best results in forms of strength were found in PC-GGBS-SF and PC-GGBS-BOS ternary pastes. The fine particles along with the high SiO2 content of SF provided greater pozzolanic reactivity and a greater matrix densification. Fourteen of the best mixes were then taken into the second phase. This is when concrete paving blocks were made from these mixes with the method that was developed at Coventry University. The two mixes with the greatest splitting tensile strength consisted of varying levels of PC-GGBS-SF and were known as the candidate mixes. The durability criteria set out in BS EN 1338:2003 was met, however the minimum strength requirement was not. The candidate mixes were still chosen to be produced in the factory as the manufacturing and curing procedure in the factory was more effective and efficient in comparison to the laboratory procedure. The site trial successfully achieved the minimum requirements for the mechanical properties and durability performance stated in BS EN 1338:2003 and reduced the cement content of concrete paving blocks by 40% wt of PC, with a ternary blend consisting of 60% PC, 25% GGBS and 15%SF. Analysis of material variability was conducted on PFA (regulated commercially available replacement) and BPD (replacement waste material). Results showed that when using regulated commercially available cementitious constituents the chemical composition of the material should be within a given range (For replacement by weight of 10%, 20%, 30%, difference in main oxide should be no greater than 1%, 2.5% and 3.5% respectively) and for the waste material the chemical composition (Limits as stated for regulated commercially available material) as well as fineness (Replacement by weight of 5% and 10% should not have a variability in average particle size of more than 15μm) should be within a range. The two candidate mixes were finally tested for their leaching properties against a leachate that was derived from used oil concentrations. The increase in permeability with the use of GGBS and SF lead to the block absorbing less of the leachate in comparison to the control mix. The study set out to introduce high levels of cementitious constituents in concrete paving blocks. Although it is known that high levels of replacement would cause deterioration, this was done in order for the study to create a database in which the company could refer to and determine which constituents performed well and what the maximum level of replacement could be. The study successfully replaced PC by 40% with 25% GGBS and 15% SF. With blocks actually producing greater strengths than the control mix (100% PC) at 28 days and meeting all the minimum requirements that were set out in BS EN 1338:2003.
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Sajja, Mani Bhushan. "Eco-friendly paving blocks from alkali-activation of basalt powder." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.
Find full textAbstract:
The main aim of the research is to investigate the waste by-products as a sustainable construction material by means of Alkali-activation processes. Nowadays, cement is one of the most significant factors of climate change and global warming. It accounts for 5% to 8% of total emission, which may increase due to the increase in concrete production. In this process, sustainable and eco-products have been chosen.
Basalt and metakaolin were chosen as precursors. In this, basalt is the main component of our research. Basalt is an igneous rock formed by the rapid cooling of lava at the surface of a planet and it is the most common rock in the earth’s crust and metakaolin is the anhydrous calcined form of the clay mineral kaolinite also the particle size of metakaolin is smaller than cement particles.
In this experimentation, there are two activators sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide. These two activators added into precursors in certain proportions and mixed using a cement rotator. After that, this mixture is distributed into cube blocks and leave for a few minutes before packing with a plastic cover. Proceeding into a curing process, these cube blocks placed in the oven at certain temperatures between 60 to 80 degrees.
These types of precursors and activators are added in different ratios using this procedure to make a cube sample following by the curing process of 28 days. These were tested in compressive strength machine to obtain load resistance results. Basalt has better chemical resistance to the extended operating temperature range and environmentally friendly material. Metakaolin is eco-friendly by reducing the amount of 〖co〗_2 emission and the heat of hydration leading to shrinkage and crack control.
With the obtained synthetic mixtures, some special paving blocks were produced. Following the EN 1338 standard, these were tested in different to fully characterize the final product.
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Caetano, Juliana Argente. "Reaproveitamento do resíduo Terra da Shredder através da técnica de solidificação/estabilização em matrizes de cimento Portland para aplicação na construção civil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-24032017-104055/.
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A Shredder é o equipamento para a trituração da sucata ferrosa que permite a reciclagem do aço nas siderúrgicas. A sucata é em sua maioria procedente da reciclagem de veículos de fim de vida. Por isso, esse resíduo é conhecido como ASR (Automotive Shredder Residue). A Terra da Shredder é a fração do ASR de pequena granulometria (<2mm) apresentando o aspecto de solo. Esse resíduo é tratado como rejeito e em sua totalidade destinado aos aterros industriais. O grande volume de resíduo gerado contribui para a saturação dos aterros, provoca impactos ambientais, despende um alto custo de disposição e assim exige o desenvolvimento de tecnologias para seu reaproveitamento. Este trabalho propõe utilizar a Terra da Shredder, resíduo sólido gerado na Shredder localizada em Iracemápolis-SP-BR, em peças de concreto para pavimentação através da técnica de solidificação/estabilização (S/S) em matrizes de cimento Portland. Na primeira etapa do experimento, o resíduo foi classificado como Classe IIA. A segunda etapa consistiu na produção de matrizes compostas com cimento, agregados e água, foram produzidos corpos de prova com os seguintes teores de substituição, em massa, da areia natural pelo resíduo: 5%,10%,15% e 20%. A matriz com o teor de substituição de 20% apresentou uma resistência mecânica compatível com a norma ABNT NBR 9781, por isso foram fabricadas peças de concreto com esse teor de substituição. As peças de concreto apresentaram bom desempenho mecânico, físico e, com exceção do alumínio, fenóis totais e cádmio, as outras substâncias que ultrapassaram os limites de solubilização (ferro total, fluoretos, manganês, selênio, surfactantes) foram encapsuladas pelo cimento, sendo que o cádmio também estava presente em peças de concreto para pavimentação fabricadas apenas com os materiais convencionais, sem o resíduo. Dessa forma, conclui-se que os blocos podem ser utilizados na construção civil.<br>The Shredder is the equipment for the processing of ferrous scrap which allows the recycling of steel. Scrap is in its majority coming from the recycling of end of life vehicles. Therefore, the residue formed in this grinding process is known as ASR (Automotive Shredder Residue). The fine fraction of the ASR has soil aspect so will be called Shredder\'s soil. This residue is treated as waste and in its entirety for the landfills. It is estimated that for each ton of metallic material separated in Shredders approximately 227 kg of waste are produced. This large volume of waste generated contributes to the saturation of landfills,causes environmental impacts, expends a high cost of disposal and thus requires the development of technologies for its reuse. This paper proposes to use the fine fraction (<2mm) of the solid waste generated in a shredder in the city of Iracemápolis-SP-BR in concrete paving blocks through the techinique of solidification/stabilization (S/S) in Portland cement matrix. The experimental research began with completion of leaching tests and solubilization for the classification of waste class IIA , substances that exceeded solubility limits were total phenols, total iron, fluoride, manganese, selenium, aluminum, cadmium and surfactants. The second stage was the production of cement matrix that is composed by cement, aggregates and water they were produced matrices with the following replacement levels of natural sand by the waste: 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. The matrice with the 20% replacement level, showed a consistent resistance to compatible with standard ABNT NBR 9781, therefore concrete paving blocks were manufactured content this level of replacement. The blocks had good mechanical, physical and with the exception of aluminum and cadmium, other substances that exceeded solubility limits were encapsulated. Cadmium also appear in paving blocks manufactured with conventional materials, without residue. Thus, it is concluded that the concrete paving blocks can be used in construction.
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Marchioni, Mariana Lobo. "Desenvolvimento de técnicas para caracterização de concreto seco utilizado na fabricação de peças de concreto para pavimentação intertravada." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3146/tde-18072013-150832/.
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O concreto seco, também chamado de concreto sem abatimento (no-slump) é utilizado na produção de artefatos de cimento, como por exemplo em peças de concreto para pavimentação, blocos para alvenaria e tubos de concreto e ainda como camada de subbase de pavimentos com a técnica de concreto compactado a rolo. A técnica de conformar concretos com reduzido teor de umidade através de equipamentos que aplicam simultaneamente compressão e vibração é amplamente utilizada na produção de artefatos de concreto, como as peças de concreto para pavimentação intertravada. Para as peças de concreto o desafio é ainda maior, pois as especificações de resistência característica à compressão podem chegar a 50 MPa. A principal característica do concreto seco é o baixo teor de água e elevada coesão, necessitando de energia de compactação e vibração para a eliminação de vazios e o concreto assumir a forma desejada. Esta técnica permite a desfôrma imediata, que garante elevada produtividade e consequente diminuição dos custos de produção. Já a compactação permite obter componentes de concreto com menor consumo de cimento se comparados ao concreto plástico. Diferentemente de toda literatura e metodologias de dosagem encontradas para o concreto plástico, o concreto seco encontra barreiras técnicas para a aplicação de metodologias que otimizem sua dosagem, em formulações empíricas que não levam em conta de forma adequada as características dos agregados, características estas diretamente ligadas à compacidade das peças, que por sua vez tem grande influência nas características do produto final. Além disto, há poucos estudos do comportamento reológico do concreto seco, que influenciam a fluidez e coesão da do concreto e que irão determinar a produtividade e qualidade da produção. Dessa forma, neste trabalho é apresentado uma metodologia para caracterização do concreto seco nos estados fresco e endurecido que permite o desenvolvimento sistemático de formulações com maior facilidade de compactação e que também resulte na melhoria do desempenho das peças e diminuindo a necessidade de testes em escala real. O método se baseia em produzir em laboratório um corpo de prova que reproduz as condições de moldagem de uma vibroprensa, eliminando-se a variável da vibração e padronizando as condições de compressão. Nos corpos-de-prova são avaliadas características nos estados fresco e endurecido, além de aspectos do comportamento reológico do concreto, através de técnicas de reologia compressiva. Para aferir a metodologia foram utilizadas amostras de referência produzidas em uma fábrica de peças de concreto. Com a metodologia proposta, foi possível atingir 90% da resistência mecânica das peças produzidas em uma vibroprensa de alta compactação. Sendo assim esta metodologia poderá ser utilizada em estudos de dosagem de concreto seco, portanto o trabalho desenvolvido é indicado na utilização de dosagens de concreto seco, obtendo-se maior ecoeficiência, a medida que otimiza o consumo de cimento da mistura e facilita o estudo de dosagem de materiais alternativos em substituição aos agregados convencionais.<br>The dry concrete, also known as earth moist concrete or no-slump concrete, is most used to manufacture precast concrete products, as paving blocks, masonry blocks and concrete tubes, and also in rolled compacted concrete pavement. Its most important property is the low water content, and it requires mechanical equipment for its compactation. Paving blocks are normally manufactured using vibrocompression equipment, which at the same time applies both compaction and vibration resulting in paving blocks with high durability and mechanical resistance. Even though this technique is highly used it still lacks studies on some important steps of the manufacturing process. The mix design techniques are mostly empirical and dont deeply consider the aggregate characteristics, that are connected with its compacity and, by that, the characteristics of the paving block. Also, there are only a few studies of the rheology characteristics of dry concrete, which relates with de manufacturing process and the easiness that the mix is compacted. So, the object of this study is to develop a dry concrete characterization methodology that allows the systematic development of mix designs that are easily compacted and also improves the performance of the paving blocks.
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Bel, Hadj Ali Imen. "Contribution à l'étude des sédiments marins tunisiens : cas des ports de Radès et de Gabès." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00957865.
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Le secteur du transport maritime assure le plus grand volume des échanges commerciaux entre la Tunisie et des pays du monde entier. L'entretien régulier des ports, particulièrement par le dragage des sédiments qui s'y accumulent, est indispensable pour garantir une circulation maritime fluide et sécuritaire. En Tunisie, les sédiments dragués sont soit rejetés en mer soit mis en dépôts terrestres. Bien que le rejet en mer soit interdit dans certains cas, par les critères environnementales adoptés, il constitue la solution la plus économique et donc la plus fréquemment utilisée. Dans le cadre de cette étude les sédiments de deux ports : le port de Radès et le port de Gabès ont été caractérisés en vue de comprendre leurs comportements et proposer au moins à un des deux cas une nouvelle alternative de gestion à savoir une valorisation dans un matériau de construction ou routier. Une telle solution doit présenter un grand intérêt économique et environnemental. Les sédiments du port de Radès sont étudiés car ils représentent le plus grand volume des sédiments dragués en Tunisie et que ce port est le plus important dans l'activité du transport marin. Les sédiments du port de Gabès sont considérés dans cette étude car ils posent un grand problème écologique à cause des rejets industriels. La caractérisation a concerné la détermination et l'analyse des propriétés physiques, minéralogiques, chimiques et environnementales des sédiments. Cette étude a permis de dresser des fiches synoptiques assez complètes des propriétés des sédiments du port de Radès et du port de Gabès
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Dowson, Allan John. "Investigation into the performance and suitability of sand laying course and jointing material in modular pavements." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369785.
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Maňák, Jan. "Posouzení stávajících zkušebních postupů používaných při výrobě vibrolisovaného zboží s vazbou na reálné vlastnosti výrobků." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-239989.
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This master´s thesis is focused on assessment of properties of vibropressed concrete products. The important point of the thesis is measuring fresh concrete air permeability by Qaver control tool and confrontation this results with results of hardened concrete. The relationship between results obtained is examined.
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Ono, Bruno Watanabe. "Análise do desempenho estrutural e hidráulico de um pavimento permeável com revestimento de blocos de concreto unidirecionalmente articulados." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3138/tde-22052018-150543/.
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O emprego de pavimentos permeáveis tem se tornado cada vez mais necessário como medida compensatória para amortecer as vazões de pico e atenuar os impactos gerados pelas chuvas torrenciais em áreas altamente urbanizadas. Dentre os materiais convencionalmente adotados como revestimento permeável no contexto nacional destacam-se os blocos de concreto intertravados (BCI) e o asfalto poroso. No entanto, internacionalmente, existem materiais alternativos que podem apresentar permeabilidade igual ou até mesmo superior. Sob esse prisma, convém destacar o uso dos blocos de concreto articulados (BCA), recentemente adotados nos Estados Unidos e na Coréia do Sul, cuja capacidade de infiltração vem mostrando-se bastante promissora. Diferentemente dos blocos intertravados, os BCA foram projetados para trabalhar em conjunto, já que são interconectados por meio do encaixe das articulações unidirecionais de cada peça, sobrepostas umas às outras, dispensando assim o uso de material de rejunte, o que por sua vez aumenta a permeabilidade do revestimento. Contudo, embora o desempenho hidráulico aparente ser eficaz, questiona-se se o pavimento de blocos de concreto articulados (PBCA) comporta-se de forma igualmente satisfatória em termos estruturais. Nesse sentido, visando avaliar o desempenho estrutural e hidráulico de um pavimento permeável de BCA, foi construída uma pista experimental (20 x 5 m) no Campus da USP, adotando-se dois tipos de base, uma de agregado reciclado (RCD) e outra de agregado natural (brita 1). Na análise estrutural utilizaram-se como parâmetros de avaliação as deflexões máximas obtidas via FWD (Falling Weight Deflectometer), a eficiência de transferência de carga (LTE - Load Transfer Efficiency) e por fim, os módulos de resiliência retroanalisados para cada camada. Ademais, a pesquisa ainda avaliou a influência da presença de fissuras ou trincas nos blocos no desempenho estrutural do pavimento, já que acabaram tornando-se recorrentes em ambas as seções avaliadas. Já na avaliação hidráulica, monitorou-se a taxa de infiltração in situ ao longo de quase vinte meses. Complementarmente, foram realizadas ainda avaliações laboratoriais dos materiais empregados e funcionais do pavimento. A análise estrutural indicou que o sentido articulado do BCA obteve respostas estruturais nitidamente melhores que o sentido não articulado em termos de módulo de resiliência, deflexões máximas e LTE, evidenciando que de fato as articulações conferem intertravamento ao pavimento, próximo ao propiciado pela areia de rejunte no BCI. A base de RCD por apresentar uma distribuição granulométrica mais bem distribuída do que a brita 1, também obteve melhores resultados. Já a presença de trincas ou fissuras nos blocos não acarretou comprometimento no desempenho estrutural da pista experimental, devido ao baixo grau de severidade da maioria das patologias encontradas, como atestou o levantamento funcional, cuja classificação indicou um pavimento em boas condições de serventia. No que diz respeito ao desempenho hidráulico, o pavimento apresentou um desempenho adequado em termos de capacidade de infiltração. Apesar da perda progressiva estimada em 20% ao ano, as taxas de infiltração in situ mantiveram-se acima de 10-3 m/s em todos os ensaios realizados, sendo, portanto, superior à maioria dos revestimentos permeáveis tradicionalmente utilizados como os blocos intertravados e a camada porosa de atrito, conforme descritos pela literatura.<br>Pervious pavements have become increasingly fundamental as a compensatory measure to attenuate peak flows and to mitigate the impacts generated by torrential storm water in highly urbanized areas. Among the usual materials applied in permeable surface layers, it is possible to highlight the interlocking concrete blocks (ICB) and the porous asphalt. However, internationally, there are alternative materials that are able to present a higher permeability. In this sense, the use of articulated concrete blocks (ACB) needs to be stressed. Recently adopted in United States of America and South Korea, ACB has presented promising infiltration rates. Unlike the ICB, the ACB was designed to work as an integrated framework due to the presence of articulated joints in one of the block directions, which allows discarding the jointing sand and as result, increases water infiltration. Nevertheless, although the pavement hydraulic performance seems to be successful, there are some doubts about the structural behavior. Thereby, aiming at evaluating the hydraulic and structural performance of an unidirectionally articulated concrete block pavement, a pavement experimental section (20 x 5 meters) was constructed at the University of São Paulo Campus. Two types of different bases were applied, namely recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) and natural aggregate. The structural assessment took into account the maximum deflection measurements, the load transfer efficiency (LTE) and the backcalculated elastic moduli of each layer. In addition, this work also evaluated the structural influence caused by the presence of damaged pavers, since it became a recurring problem. Regarding the hydraulic evaluation, the surface infiltration rate was monitored over twenty months after the pavement construction. Furthermore, functional and laboratorial analyses were carried out in order to check the structure serviceability level. The structural results indicated clearly that the articulated block side had better performance than the non-articulated block side in terms of elastic moduli, maximum deflections measurements and LTE, confirming the interlocking efficiency generated by the block shape, comparable to that one provided by the jointing sand in ICB. As the recycled aggregate was characterized by a more well graded particle size distribution than the natural aggregate, the RCA base also presented better structural responses. The presence of damaged blocks did not compromise the pavement structural performance, since the degree of severity was low, as verified by the functional evaluation, which showed a pavement in good conditions. Finally, concerning the hydraulic results, the pavement presented a high infiltration capacity. Even though an infiltration loss of about 20% per year has been detected, the infiltration rate remained greater than 10-3 m/s for all tests performed, being considerably higher than those found in pavements built with both interlocking concrete blocks and with porous asphalt, as reported in the literature.
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Scott, Hood Rogério da Silva. "Análise da viabilidade técnica da utilização de resíduos de construção e demolição como agregado miúdo reciclado na confecção de blocos de concreto para pavimentação." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/12112.
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A questão ambiental é um tema muito discutido e pesquisado atualmente. Isto advém da constatação que os recursos naturais não são ilimitados e que o meio ambiente não tem a capacidade de absorver a quantidade atual de resíduos sem que haja um desequilíbrio ambiental. Neste contexto insere-se a indústria da construção civil, que apresenta importantes impactos ambientais em todas as etapas do seu processo produtivo, sendo um destes a geração de resíduos de construção e demolição (RCD) em centros urbanos, que resulta em efeitos deteriorantes do ambiente local onde estes são dispostos e, em virtude do seu desperdício, aumenta a extração de materiais minerais. Um dos meios de reduzir-se a quantidade de RCD disposto no meio ambiente e a extração de materiais minerais é a reciclagem do RCD e sua utilização na própria indústria que o gerou.Neste sentido, os blocos de concreto para pavimentação surgem como uma alternativa de pesquisa, já que estes têm ganhado espaço como solução para a pavimentação de áreas urbanas. Isto se deve ao aumento dos esforços de empresas e entidades representativas do setor em incentivar sua utilização e às vantagens técnicas inerentes ao sistema, como o fácil assentamento, a rápida liberação para o tráfego, a redução de iluminação pública e a permissão de acesso à rede subterrânea apenas com a retirada dos blocos, que podem ser recolocados após intervenção. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho estudou a utilização do RCD, proveniente de Porto Alegre – RS, como agregado miúdo reciclado em substituição ao agregado miúdo natural em blocos de concreto para pavimentação. Foi utilizado o intervalo de teores entre 0 % e 100%, com o objetivo de investigar-se um espectro grande de possibilidades de utilização do agregado miúdo reciclado de RCD, sendo que os ensaios escolhidos (resistência à compressão, resistência à abrasão e absorção de água) tiveram o intuito de dar subsídios ao entendimento do comportamento dos blocos produzidos perante as substituições. Após a realização dos ensaios, verificou-se que para o teor de 25% de substituição o material reciclado é passível de utilização, sendo que para os outros teores os resultados foram insatisfatórios.<br>Environmental issues are in the public eye and are the focus of extensive research nowadays as it becomes clear that natural resources are limited and that the large amounts of waste generated today will necessarily result in environmental imbalances. A considerable share of this waste is generated by the construction industry, whose activities hold a potential environmental impact throughout the stages of their production processes. Construction and demolition (C&D) waste generated in cities often produces detrimental effects in the sites where debris is dumped, a problem which is compounded by the fact that this waste could be used as a substitute for fresh materials that have to be extracted from mines, another activity with considerable environmental impact. A possible way to reduce the amount of C&D waste dumped in the environment and also the need for fresh mineral resources is the recycling of C&D waste by the same industry that generated it. Research on the use of concrete block paving provides an interesting alternative as this material has become more widely used in pavements of urban areas as a result of the efforts of construction companies and associations, which now endeavor to promote the use of concrete blocks. These have intrinsic technical advantages, such as their fast placement, the fast release of paved areas to traffic, the reduced need for street lighting and the ease of access to underground networks because blocks can be quickly opened up and reinstated. The present study investigated the use of C&D waste produced in Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil as a recycled substitute for conventional fine aggregate in concrete block paving. C&D waste was used as fine aggregate in concentrations ranging from 0% to 100% to provide a detailed picture of the possibilities of using recycled C&D waste as fine aggregate. The tests selected (compressive strength, abrasion resistance, water absorption) were used to provide information on the behavior of the blocks produced using different concentrations of C&D waste. These tests show that a concentration of 25% of recycled material as a substitution can be used with satisfactory results while all other concentrations yielded unsatisfactory results.
Books on the topic "Paving blocks"
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Abate, Michael K. Concrete paving blocks: An overview. Washington State Dept. of Transportation, 1993.
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Abate, Michael K. Concrete paving blocks: An overview. Available from National Technical Information Service, 1993.
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Olmsted, Nancy. A history of paving blocks along San Francisco's South Beach waterfront. The Agency, 1991.
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Mampearachchi, Wasantha. Handbook on Concrete Block Paving. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8417-2.
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Leicestershire (England). Department of Planning and Transportation. Specification for precast concrete block paving. L.C.C., 1992.
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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 World Outlook for Asphalt Paving Mixtures and Blocks. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.
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The 2006-2011 World Outlook for Asphalt Paving Mixtures and Blocks. Icon Group International, Inc., 2005.
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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 Outlook for Asphalt Paving Mixtures and Blocks in Japan. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.
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The 2006-2011 World Outlook for Manufacturing Asphalt Paving Mixtures and Blocks. Icon Group International, Inc., 2005.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Paving blocks"
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Parikshit, N. H., B. N. Manjunath, and Bishnu Kant Shukla. "Study on Paving Blocks Using Plastic Waste." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4731-5_20.
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Chandrasekara, D. L. C. P., and M. L. C. Surangi. "Manufacturing of Paving Blocks Using Tile Waste." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3471-3_54.
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Jusli, Euniza, Hasanan Md. Nor, Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya, et al. "Low Noise and Properties of Double Layer Concrete Paving Blocks." In ICGSCE 2014. Springer Singapore, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-505-1_34.
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Giri, Jyoti Prakash, Monalisa Priyadarshini, and Ruchismita Mahakhud. "Variability in the Compressive Strength of Paving Blocks Using Waste Plastic." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3371-4_49.
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Gannoruwa, G. K. B. M., S. M. A. Nanayakkara, and S. S. K. Muthurathna. "Utilization of Textile Waste in Development of Interlocking Paving Blocks for Foot Paths." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7222-7_44.
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Sajitthan, S., E. P. Rajapakshe, I. M. W. K. Illangasinghe, and J. M. A. Manatunge. "Reuse Potential of Drinking Water Treatment Plant Sludge for the Manufacture of Concrete Paving Blocks." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3471-3_58.
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Prathibha, V. S., Rahul Dandautiya, and Sayeesh S. Bhalare. "Utilization of Plastic Waste as an Alternate Binder and Plastic-Coated Aggregate in Interlocking Paving Blocks." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4040-8_38.
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Sathiaseelan, Brindha, and Hannah Angelin Moses. "Characterisation of the Mechanical Properties and Chemical Durability of Eco-Paving Blocks with Silica Fume and Hypo Sludge." In 2nd International Conference on Smart Sustainable Materials and Technologies (ICSSMT 2023). Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50024-4_6.
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Mampearachchi, Wasantha. "Introduction." In Handbook on Concrete Block Paving. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8417-2_1.
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Mampearachchi, Wasantha. "Structural Behaviour of Concrete Block Paving." In Handbook on Concrete Block Paving. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8417-2_2.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Paving blocks"
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Yamusa, Yamusa Bello, Mubarak L. Liman, Bilkisu Danjuma, Abubakar Sani, and Yusuf Walliyullah. "Utilisation of Waste Plastics Admix with Laterite Soil for Production of Road Pavement Interlocking Blocks." In The 2nd International Conference on Civil Infrastructure and Construction. Qatar University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/cic.2023.0079.
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Plastic wastes are non-biodegradable and hence pile up in refuse dumps and streets constituting an eyesore and menace to the environment. Some of them end up in drainages and waterways where they block water passages resulting in flooding. This is in addition to the fatalities they cause to livestock and marine life that ingest them unknowingly. Globally, plastic waste proliferation has been recognized among the biggest environmental challenges mitigating the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). This research intends to transform the unwanted plastic wastes by mixing with laterite soil to produce road-paving interlocking blocks. Laterite soil was mixed with plastic waste at various proportions by respective weight denoted as P1 (60:40%), P2 (70:30%), and P3 (80:20%) to determine their usability as road paving material. Maximum compressive strength of 9.68, 10.40, and 6.88 N/mm2 were achieved for P1, P2, and P3 respectively, implying the P2 mix has the best strength. The paving interlocking blocks made from plastic-laterite composite registered a relatively high performance and met the minimum compressive strength required by the Nigerian Building and Road Research Institute for interlocking paving blocks deployed for non-traffic use.
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Frankovič, Ana, Vilma Ducman, Lubica Kriskova, Efthymios Tatsis, Petrica Petrica, and Yiannis Pontikes. "The Development and Assessment of Alkali Activated Paving Blocks." In International Conference on Technologies & Business Models for Circular Economy. University of Maribor Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/um.fkkt.2.2022.1.
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In recent years great attention has been placed by the building sector on alkali-activated technology based on metakaolin, fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS), but also on emerging precursors such as by-products from non-ferrous metallurgy. The present work focuses on the development of alkali-activated binders from two slags, one from primary and one from secondary copper production, which were finely milled, blended with GGBFS, and activated with K-based alkali silicate solution with a 1.7 SiO2/K2O molar ratio. The aggregate to paste mass ratio was 2. The mixtures were cast, and cured for a designated time at room temperature and 60% RH. The so-obtained paving blocks were then tested in accordance with European standard for concrete paving blocks. The following properties were measured: splitting tensile strength, abrasion resistance, slip and skid resistance, resistance to freeze-thaw and resistance to freeze-thaw in the presence of de-icing salts. Their properties were compared to those of commercially available concrete paving blocks, and it was found that the performance of the alkali-activated pavers was generally comparable with the concrete pavers, while certain properties (e.g., abrasion resistance, freeze-thaw resistance and freeze-thaw resistance in presence of de-icing salts) were considerably better.
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"Durability Study of Mount Pinatubo Ejecta Concrete Paving Blocks." In "SP-178: Sixth CANMET/ACI/JCI Conference: FLy Ash, Silica Fume, Slag & Natural Pozzolans in Concrete". American Concrete Institute, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/5984.
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Abidin, A. Z. "An Alternative Utilization of Side Product Sulfur as Eco Bitumen Sulfur Paving Blocks in Gundih CPP in PT. Pertamina Work Area." In Indonesian Petroleum Association - 46th Annual Convention & Exhibition 2022. Indonesian Petroleum Association, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29118/ipa22-o-129.
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Sulfur is a non-metallic chemical element in the form of a yellow crystalline solid with the chemical formula, and is formed from several types of natural and artificial chemical reactions. Commercial applications of sulfur processed products can be found in various aspects of life, for example in the use of processed sulfur as paving blocks. The Gundih Central Processing Plant (CPP) is capable of producing 14 tons/day of sulfur pellets. This amount comes from the high H2S content of the wells with a total concentration of 20,000 ppm and a volume accumulation of 14 MMSCFD acid gas. H2S is converted to sulfur using the thiobacillus microbe in the Biological Sulfur Recovery Unit (BSRU) with a sulfur product purity level greater than 95%. In 2018 sulfur production at Gundih CPP was recorded at 4044 tons which could potentially trigger serious problems from an environmental aspect. The use of sulfur as material for making paving blocks is an alternative solution in addressing the potential impact on the environment, as regulated by Government Regulation No.22 of Year 2021 concerning the Waste Management of Non-Hazardous and Toxic Substances (B3), and the high cost of handling sulfur by third parties. The design mix of sulfur paving blocks is 42% of 3/16” aggregate, 40% of sand, 11.5% of sulfur pellets, 1.2% of bitumen, and 5.3% of fly ash. Bitumen as a binder for sulfur pellets is fully suitable as a replacement for Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) material, the mineral cement used for the manufacture of paving blocks and bricks. The mixing process and casting temperature must be considered because they affect the ability to bind sulfur with other mixed materials. Strength tests of sulfur paving materials have also been confirmed by external laboratories. Currently, sulfur paving blocks are used in building access to wells locations and in public roads in the Cepu Field area as a contribution from Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).
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Poon, C. S. "Air pollutant-removing paving blocks produced with recycled waste materials." In RILEM International Symposium on Environment-Conscious Materials and Systems for Sustainable Development. RILEM Publications SARL, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1617/2912143640.022.
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Liman, Mubarak L., Yamusa Bello Yamusa, Bilkisu Danjuma, Abubakar Sani, and Yusuf Walliyullah. "Effect of Chemicals on Compressive Strength of Plastic-Laterite Interlock Paving Blocks." In The 2nd International Conference on Civil Infrastructure and Construction. Qatar University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/cic.2023.0106.
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This research centres on the need to develop a simple but sustainable material for the utilization of the quantum of plastic wastes that litter our environment. The research uses waste plastics and laterite soil and converts them into construction materials (interlock blocks) with the help of the densifier, thereby reducing the plastic waste, which is a key contributor to environmental pollution. Literature has shown that concrete structure is prone to chemical actions; the durability of conventional concrete bricks gets affected by chemical effects. The chemicals may cause cracking of concrete, rutting, and deterioration of the structure. In the same vein, the plastic-laterite interlock bricks might not be free from such defects due to chemical action. Therefore, this research looks into the effects of different chemical curing conditions on the compressive strength of plastic-laterite paving blocks. Varying proportions of plastic wastes and laterite soil were mixed and processed into composite bricks and subjected to different chemical treatments; in acid, base, oil, and water for 3, 14, and 28 days relative to a concrete brick control. It was observed that samples cured in acid solution gave the lowest compressive strength, while those in base solution gave the highest. The paving interlock blocks made from polyethylene/laterite composite registered relative performance compared to concrete interlock bricks control. If made and put into use, these blocks will reduce construction costs, assist in environmental sustainability and improve circular economic growth. Therefore, using this innovative approach will bolster infrastructural projects and checkmate plastic pollution within our environment.
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Kumarage, N. R., C. Jayasinghe, K. P. H. Perera, K. K. G. K. D. Kariyawasam, and S. Herath. "Assessment of the optimum dimensions for cobble-type paving blocks using finite element modeling." In 2022 Moratuwa Engineering Research Conference (MERCon). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mercon55799.2022.9906237.
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Awolusi, Temitope, Daniel Oguntayo, Solomon Ajamu, Oluwasegun Aladegboye, Olufunke Akinkurolere, and Marc Azab. "Strength and skid resistance evaluation of laterized interlocking paving blocks stabilized with glass powder." In 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLIED RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING (ICARAE2022). AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0175137.
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Pranoto, Yudi, Nor Fazilah Hashim, Tumingan, and Ashadi Putrawirawan. "The Effect of Mahakam Sand on the Mechanical and Durability of Porous Concrete Paving Blocks." In International Conference on Applied Science and Technology on Engineering Science. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0010950400003260.
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Sathiaseelan, Brindha, Hannah Angelin Moses, and Sathiaseelan Paramasivam. "Experimental investigation of self compacting and self curing cement paving blocks incorporated with hypo sludge and silica fumes." In 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INNOVATIVE DESIGN, ANALYSIS & DEVELOPMENT PRACTICES IN AEROSPACE & AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING: I-DAD’22. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0139839.
Full textReports on the topic "Paving blocks"
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Morsy, Ahmed. Towards a renewed local social and political covenant in Libya, Syria and Yemen. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/ofgn2229.
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This SIPRI Insights Paper examines the domestic and external factors at play in Libya, Syria and Yemen and their impact on negotiating post-war peaceful settlements and shaping prospective social contracts.The paper’s argument is two-fold. Firstly, policymaking must move beyond a static approach to understanding these conflicts. Despite apparent stalemates, the three countries should be approached as ever-evolving simmering conflicts. Secondly, policymakers have to move below the national level in order to achieve various forms of localized social peace. Given the nature of these conflicts and the varied sub-national segmentation, the analysis concludes that community-level social and political covenants may offer a first building block towards nationwide social contracts and sustainable conflict resolution.The role of external actors, particularly the European Union (EU), is critical in paving the way for these local-level dialogues and negotiations in Libya, Syria and Yemen. In short, external powers, including the EU, should adopt policies that push for long-term resolution to achieve post-conflict stabilization rather than the opportunistic taking of sides.