Academic literature on the topic 'Pay-walls'
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Journal articles on the topic "Pay-walls"
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Abeles, Tom. "The academy: hiding behind pay walls?" On the Horizon 21, no. 2 (2013): 75–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10748121311322969.
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PurposeThe article's aim is to explore the issues of capturing knowledge behind a pay wall of an institution of higher learning.Design/methodology/approachThis is an opinion piece.FindingsPost secondary institutions will have to adopt alternative models for economic survival, as will knowledge seekers entering these institutions.Social ImplicationsKnowledge providers and knowledge seekers will restructure their relationships.Originality/valueThe article challenges the existing model to undergo radical change as opposed to patchwork alternatives.
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MONGE-NAJERA, JULIAN. "“Please pay $800 to read this article”: An open letter to paywall companies." Revista de Biología Tropical 66, no. 1 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v66i1.32238.
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Significant amounts of economic resources are spent by poor countries for access to scientific information that is blocked by pay-walls, and when fees are corrected for local economies, they can be the equivalent of hundreds of dollars per article. Pay-walls, is controlled by a small group of companies in rich countries, block knowledge from the societies that need it most. These companies should adjust their fees according to local economies: this would be fairer and would benefit everyone, including the same companies.
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Mikki, Susanne. "Scholarly publications beyond pay-walls: increased citation advantage for open publishing." Scientometrics 113, no. 3 (2017): 1529–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11192-017-2554-0.
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Hunt, Valerie H., Larra Rucker, and Brinck Kerr. "You’ve Come a Long Way, Baby, but You Still Have a Long Way to Go: Gender-Based Pay Inequality in U.S. State Bureaucracies, 1995-2015." Public Personnel Management 49, no. 4 (2019): 571–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091026019886332.
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Previous research on gender-based inequality in public-sector state-level bureaucracies finds evidence of glass ceilings and glass walls; however, previous research does not evaluate these factors together, nor does this research extend beyond the late 1990s. This study uses newly available data from the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)—data spanning from 1995 to 2015 that include the entire universe of female and male administrators—to evaluate this research question: Are gender-based pay disparities and glass walls among administrators in state-level bureaucracies related to the policy/program missions of state agencies? This study observes administrative-level gender-based pay disparities in all state agency types. Furthermore, this study finds evidence of occupational segregation or glass walls in distributive and regulatory agencies, but not in redistributive agencies. The findings indicate some progress for women; however, as recently as 2015, U.S. state bureaucracies, on average, did not achieve gender equity among their administrative ranks.
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Teotónio, Inês, Carlos Oliveira Cruz, Cristina Matos Silva, and José Morais. "Investing in Sustainable Built Environments: The Willingness to Pay for Green Roofs and Green Walls." Sustainability 12, no. 8 (2020): 3210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12083210.
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Green infrastructure, such as green roofs/walls, plays a key role in addressing urban problems. Despite the well-established sustainable mentality, aspects such as aesthetics, recreation, and welfare are still the main drivers for undertaking such investments. Several studies have focused on proving the benefits of green infrastructure, namely, thermal insulation, air quality, and others. However, significant soft benefits have not yet been properly addressed. It is, therefore, important to understand how much citizens are willing to invest in those mitigating measures and list the aspects that influence that value. This study suggests a methodology based on stated preferences to evaluate the willingness-to-pay of owner/tenants for green roofs/walls in residential buildings and determine the influence of multiple factors. Results show that consumers reveal higher willingness-to-pay for accessible green roofs. Knowledge of benefits and the accessibility of green roofs have a great impact on the willingness-to-pay. Recreation benefit is at the forefront of individuals’ concerns; even more than aesthetics.
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VAY, J. L., S. KAWATA, T. NAKAMURA, J. SASAKI, T. SOMEYA, and C. DEUTSCH. "Conducting versus insulating walls in a heavy ion reaction chamber." Laser and Particle Beams 21, no. 1 (2003): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026303460221109x.
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We first pay attention to the inflight charge state distribution in a Pb ion beam propagating in a reactor-sized chamber delimited by metallic walls. We thus compare Livermore (code BIC) and Orsay (code BPIC) distributions in the presence of a residual Flibe gas pressure. Next, we replace the electron plasma due to Flibe ionization by a gliding plasma produced by the polarization of the incoming ion beam on insulating walls. Corresponding electrons, when attracted by the beam, are demonstrated to yield a very efficient current neutralization.
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Rapcevičienė, Daiva. "EVALUATION OF MULTI RESIDENTIAL HOUSE RENOVATION EFFICIENCY." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 2, no. 2 (2010): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2010.039.
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Analyzed multi residential house renovation investment projects efficiency evaluation methods: economic-social, and environmental, as well as key financial valuation methods: simple pay-back period, the energy cost savings, the net present value, internal rate of return. Building walls condition regenerative rate which is used to evaluate investments in energy-saving measures is also discussed. According to reconstruction investments of multi residential house, three government financing programs of multi residential house are evaluated and selected the most effective program by comparing financial valuation methods taking and without taking into account building walls condition regenerative rate.
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Eslami, Babak Jafarzad, and Andrea Del Grosso. "Retrofit of Masonry Buildings through Seismic Dampers." Key Engineering Materials 817 (August 2019): 293–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.817.293.
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After the recent earthquakes occurred in some cities in Iran, such as Bam and Kermanshah, the engineering community was forced to pay special attention to the seismic vulnerability of traditional structures. Unreinforced masonry walls exhibit poor seismic performance under moderate and high seismic demand, due to the rapid degradation of stiffness. The development of effective techniques for the strengthening of these walls is an urgent need. The Base Isolation System (BIS) provides solutions to mitigate seismic hazard [1]. In this work, the seismic vulnerability of heritage masonry walls is assessed by conducting extensive numerical studies on both unreinforced (fixed-base) and reinforced (Base Isolation System) masonry walls. In this manner, modeling and analysis are conducted using standard finite element software, ABAQUS 6.13, and results of fixed-base masonry wall and similar base-isolated walls retrofitted with laminated rubber bearings are compared. Nonlinear time history analyses (using the actual Bam earthquake), which enable description of the pre-peak and post-peak behavior of walls, have been used to describe the behavior of structures.Finally, comparison of the failure modes between unreinforced and reinforced masonry walls reveals efficiency of using the rubber bearing isolation (passive control vibration devices) for a reduction in acceleration and an increase in the structural resistance to earthquake excitations [2].
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Šuba, Oldřich, Ladislav Fojtl, Oldřich Šuba Jr., Libuše Sýkorová, Soňa Rusnáková, and Jitka Baďurová. "On Flexural Stiffness of Polymer Sandwich Walls." Materials Science Forum 862 (August 2016): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.862.115.
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This paper deals with the flexural stiffness of sandwich structures based on fiberglass and polymeric foams. The influence of geometrical and material parameters on the resulting effective flexural stiffness of the sandwich structure is being studied experimentally, analytically and using FEM models. The effective elasticity module of the sandwich-structured element is being studied and it’s theoretical and model dependencies on the stiffness of the foam core are being investigated. These dependencies are then compared with experimentally observed values. This study shows it is necessary to pay special attention to the issue of flexural stiffness of walls when designing sandwich shell products in order to prevent possible failures in the practical applications of these types of structures.
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Liberalesso, Tiago, Raul Mutevuie Júnior, Carlos Oliveira Cruz, Cristina Matos Silva, and Maria Manso. "Users’ Perceptions of Green Roofs and Green Walls: An Analysis of Youth Hostels in Lisbon, Portugal." Sustainability 12, no. 23 (2020): 10136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122310136.
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Green roofs and green walls are a potential strategy to increase green spaces in the urban environment. These solutions bring multiple benefits to the cities at the economic and socio-environmental levels. However, from the point of view of private investors, green roofs and green walls often have a negative financial evaluation. Concerning this, the quantification of the benefits according to building use and occupancy could be an important tool to assist the decision-making process and guarantee returns on investment. This study aims to support the decision-making process by managers and owners of youth hostels regarding green roofs and green walls implementation. Using a structured questionnaire, users’ perceptions were assessed through a five-point Likert scale. The survey was conducted in five youth hostels in Lisbon, Portugal. Analyses were performed in two phases. Firstly, using the original sample (n = 345), and subsequently grouping homogeneous individuals through cluster analysis. The results showed that most respondents support green infrastructure installation in the hostel and consider that these solutions could provide a greater sense of individual well-being and local aesthetic improvement. However, there is no strong evidence that green infrastructure solutions are considered a deciding factor to select local lodging, despite the fact that it can be a tiebreaker factor between two similar options. Furthermore, findings have shown that 90% of the respondents from Cluster 1 and 92% from Cluster 4 are probably not willing to pay higher daily rates for youth hostels that have green infrastructure solutions in place. On the other hand, 67% of the respondents from Cluster 2 were potentially willing to pay an additional amount. For the 345 respondents, the most preferred green infrastructure typologies are indoor living wall and the accessible green roof. Moreover, findings support the gender socialization and identity theory showing that women have a greater environmental concern compared to men.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pay-walls"
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Robertson, Benjamin Nicholas. "An industry in transformation : a master's report on news media economics." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2011-05-3329.
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The focus of this report was the modern news media and how the industry has tried to adapt in a world where most news can be gathered with a few keystrokes for free. The report is segmented into four parts and investigates both how and what kind of news is consumed. The first part of the report focuses on the different types of news aggregators and how they affect the revenue of news sites. Pay-walls are also discussed, using The New York Times’ recent decision to charge for access to their web site as a starting point. Evidence shows that besides one glaring exception (The Wall Street Journal, which is examined as an aside) the attempts to charge customers for content that was once free have largely been fruitless. The second part investigates mobile-based applications (also known as “apps”) and their economic strengths and weaknesses; topics ranging from companies’ initial successes to the ease of piracy are examined. The third part examines the meteoric, although at times numerically misleading, rise of Twitter and its potential use as a news gathering and consuming source as well as its massive potential revenue streams. The fourth part examines what types of news are currently the most consumed, and dissects the profitability (and the attributes that lead to their popularity) of four genres: lifestyle, entertainment, business, and sports. The piece also looks at the potential of community-based, hyper-localized journalism, a venture that many claim profitable yet has failed to produce concrete results. Graphs are used as supplementary material for parts one and three. Taken as a whole, the report concludes that while there may be no sure-fire winner in the news media industry, the industry has finally shaken off the complacency that lead to hundreds of thousands of journalism jobs being lost and finally started to evolve.<br>text
Books on the topic "Pay-walls"
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Hart, Anne. How to Refresh Your Memory by Writing Salable Memoirs with Laughing Walls: A Pop-Culture Course in Reminiscing for Pay. ASJA Press, 2006.
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Scott, Tom. Faction in Geneva. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198725275.003.0028.
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Geneva was forced to pay Bern substantial military reparations; moreover, it struggled to reclaim the vidomnat. Only in August 1536 was its Burgrecht with Bern renewed. In 1538 it was rumoured that Bern proposed to keep Geneva as an ‘open city’, that is, without defensive walls. Ineptly conducted negotiations with Bern in 1539 by the so-called Articulants resulted in several Genevan villages passing into Bernese hands. Such disputes continued until 1544. Despite the Reformation mandate of May 1536 Farel and his new acolyte Jean Calvin encountered opposition, and were dismissed in 1538, though readmitted three years later. Calvin’s vision of Reform brought him into conflict with Bern.
Book chapters on the topic "Pay-walls"
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Romilly, Jacqueline de. "A Final Appearance." In The Life of Alcibiades, translated by Elizabeth Trapnell Rawlings. Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501719752.003.0011.
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This chapter highlights Alcibiades' final appearance in Athenian history. It happened on the eve of the battle that would mark the final and definitive defeat of Athens—the defeat at Aegospotami. It took place near Alcibiades' fortress, at the entry of the straits that bordered the Chersonese. Alcibiades suddenly appeared in the Athenian camp, confident in his experience and what he had been observing. He offered himself as an adviser at the most critical moment, a moment of high drama, and proved once more his incomparable abilities. Unfortunately, Athens was set on its path, to its peril; they would pay dearly for their attitude. Lysander fell upon the Athenian forces, which, as he knew, were imprudently dispersed. Lysander soon took Athens, burned the fleet, and destroyed the Long Walls that had guaranteed Athens safety and independence. The chapter then looks at Alcibiades' death, which, unlike his life, was obscure and miserable.
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Humphris, Rachel. "Interlude | Disappearing Dinni." In Home-Land: Romanian Roma, Domestic Spaces and the State. Policy Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529201925.003.0005.
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It is a Friday morning in May 2013 and Dan has risen very early. I hear the front door slam at around 5:30. I gradually fall asleep, trying to ignore the rats running through the walls and in the bathroom next door. I know that Dan is on his way to London to pick up someone from Victoria coach station in London because, about two weeks ago, I went with Cristina to Western Union to transfer money to an address in Moldavia. She told me it was to pay the coach fare for a lady to come to the house. When I asked exactly who, she replied a lady who was Dan’s sister but only ‘half-half’ (pash pash). At around 11 o’clock Dan returns accompanied by Dinni, a small lady who looks as though she could be around 50. Her face is tanned and rough as though she had been working outdoors for a long time and she is wearing a headscarf. She looks visibly tired and after being hugged by Cristina with “Peace, my sister” (...
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Gilmartin, Mary, Patricia Burke Wood, and Cian O’Callaghan. "Borders and walls." In Borders, Mobility and Belonging in the Era of Brexit and Trump. Policy Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447347279.003.0002.
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This chapter considers how the dominant performance of borders and bordering is being reworked through Brexit and the Trump presidency. The impact of Brexit has brought renewed attention and anxiety to the 310-mile land border between the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland, while also unsettling the norms around the EU's external borders. In the United States, President Trump campaigned on the promise to ‘build a wall’ between Mexico and the United States and, not incidentally, to ‘make Mexico pay for it’. Since his election, the US–Mexico border has been intensely politicised and racialised. In contrast, there is a relative lack of anxiety regarding the US–Canada border. The chapter considers the ways in which borders are discursively invoked and materially reconfigured such that particular types of migrants are constructed as a threat and specific borders in need of securitisation.
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James, Simon. "Impact of Garrison and Base on the City." In The Roman Military Base at Dura-Europos, Syria. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198743569.003.0029.
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What effect did the military base and the people who occupied it have on Dura-Europos, as both civil community and urban landscape? It was clearly profound, seen in the military transfiguration of so much of the city’s fabric. But was it as traumatic and negative as Rostovtzeff and his colleagues envisaged, with a once-proud Greek polis reduced to a diminished, cowed, and brutalized satellite village of a Roman military camp? Or was it indeed more benign or even positive, seeing cordial shared urban prosperity based on a military-pay-induced economic boom, as more recent commentators like Stoll, Reeve, Sommer, and Ruffing have variously sketched? What does the new study of the archaeological evidence indicate? In some ways, it is now clear that impact of the military was even greater than the Yale expedition realized. As we have seen, the base area included the Citadel and most or even all of the N branch of the inner wadi, and so was significantly larger than hitherto thought. On the other hand, far from being the result of a sudden, short, massively disruptive episode of appropriation, conversion, demolition, and building c.210 as envisaged by Rostovtzeff, the base evolved incrementally over half a century, apparently beginning with the Palmyrene archers’ cantonment of the later 160s. This reflected a history of residence of substantial Roman regular forces in the city starting considerably earlier than previously envisaged, correspondingly characterized by incremental change. On present evidence, instead of massively expanding c.210, resident troop numbers may have peaked c.190, with little or no increase when the garrison was reshaped c.210, which episode saw qualitative change (replacement of some auxilia by legionaries), rather than quantitative. We have no clear evidence of significant subsequent variation in troop levels between the 210s and 250, although these cannot be ruled out. There was, then, a large presence of Roman troops inside the walls during the last decades of the second century, as well as the first half of the third. This has significant implications for wider political history, as well as local affairs.
Conference papers on the topic "Pay-walls"
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Wei, Bing, and Dong Zhou. "Validation of Hydrodynamic Stability of Supercritical Once-Through Boiler." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-68280.
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Operating safety is one of the most important things to supercritical once-through boilers. To study the hydrodynamic characteristics of fluid in water walls of supercritical once-through boilers and to find out the instable factors will be of great significance to boiler operation. In this paper the mathematical models for hydrodynamic characteristics of fluid in water walls are established. With an example of 600MW boiler, by using the calculation program, the hydrodynamic characteristics curves without and with the throttles at the inlets of the water walls at different operating conditions are presented, the fluid flow instability and the reasons are analyzed. The calculation results show that the boiler operates stably and safely at 100% MCR (Maximum Continuous Rating) condition, the hydrodynamic instability exists at low heating loads of 30% MCR. The method of installing the throttles at the inlets of the water wall pipes will increase the parabola characteristics, help to improve the fluid instability to a certain stable extent, but due to the small curve slopes at low mass flowrates, still need to pay more attention to the low heating loads operation. The existence of gravity pressure head is good to the stability of the vertical upward flow.
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Tickle, Evelyn. "Oyster Hack." In 2018 ACSA International Conference. ACSA Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.intl.2018.57.
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There is a state of emergency in the USA- catastrophic coastal erosion, rising sea levels at the rate of one-eighth of an inch per year and poor water quality. Oysters can help. Oysters filter the water, removing toxins. Oyster reefs are living infra-structures that protect coastlines from storms and tidal surges. But…many of the world’s existing oyster reefs are functionally impaired. The Chesapeake Bay is dying. Untreated chemical run-off and human waste is creating ‘Dead Zones’ where there is no oxygen to support marine life. Much of Hurricane Sandy’s damage to New York City could have been prevented. In the early 1800’s the Harbor was lined with living oyster reefs. Now, these are dead or dying, fragile and vulnerable. Miami is flooded on a regular basis reports Miami Herald. Our oyster reefs must be revived or rebuilt- they will help. Walls are not the answer. 14% of US coastal cities have massive sea-walls already. National Geographic reports that by 2100 one-third of our coastal cities will be protected by walls, that cost billions of dollars and will not provide protection from the most severe storms. I believe in the power of the oyster. The oyster is an engineer- its reefs and shells work together as a “system of systems” to protect our waters and coastlines. Without them we are sunk, literally, no matter how many engineered systems we humans try to substitute and pay billions of dollars to implement.
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Bolesch, Christian, Lukas Robers, Robert Zboray, and Horst-Michael Prasser. "The Effect of Functional Spacers on the Liquid Film Thickness and Dryout in a BWR Fuel Bundle Model." In 2018 26th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone26-81602.
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For the BWRs, the dryout margin is one of the core design limitation factors. Today’s industry standard is to use a large margin to dryout and functional spacer grids with vanes to enhance the heat transfer and to reduce the fraction of entrained droplets. Difficulties for precise measurements under reactor conditions lead to a lack of knowledge on the exact effects of the spacers on the flow and suggest the use of scaled experiments. For this experiment, the goal is to provide high-resolution data for CFD code validation as well as visualizing the effects of functional spacers and the liquid film and potentially the dryout front. The Dryout Tomography Experiment (DoToX) facility at ETH Zürich is a closed loop experiment for two-phase flow investigations in a fuel bundle model using a modelling fluid. Key aspects are a single undisturbed subchannel and the surrounding four heating rods containing a liquid heating system. This setup allows for a steady state dryout without endangering the structural integrity of the facility and for the 3D reconstruction of the time averaged void distribution within the flow channel by means of an X-Ray and cold neutron Computer Tomography (CT). In this study we pay special attention to the annular flow in the upper half of the sub channel. We investigate the first results delivered by the facility. Prototypical spacer designs available in the open literature were used. We present the Liquid Film Thickness (LFT) distributions on the walls of the heating rods. Improvements towards the dryout performance as well as drawbacks of the specified spacer design are highlighted.
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Loh, Thien Yu, Anh Tuan Duong, and Woon Phin Chong. "Cementing Solutions for Monobore Challenges." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-21776-ms.
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Abstract Monobore cementation is defined as where a single production tubing size runs from the pay zone all the way to surface and is cemented in place. This type of well design greatly reduce rig time and cost. The challenge however is to achieve a good cement in the annulus as a well barrier and to have a clean internal tubing after the cementing job to allow for successful production of the well. To achieve a clean internal tubing, a distinct bottom and top plugs were used as a means of mechanical separation. For fluids design, mud had to be thinned down prior to the cementing job and, a designed fiber based spacer system was used to physically scrub any mud-film sticking on the tubing walls. The centralizers and cement system were designed to allow for efficient displacement of mud and hence providing good overall placement and top of cement in the tubing-casing annulus. The cement in the annulus will be verified by pressure testing the annulus to 500 psi higher than previous shoe leak-off. This approach was implemented for the campaign of six wells, all designed with 5-1/2in monobore tubing. The bottomhole static temperature (BHST) of the well ranges from 300 to 350°F. The cementing system also had to be designed to cater to the challenge of this field, having CO2 as high as 60%, high temperatures, and a long open hole section that requires isolation and cement to set within a required timeframe. The cementing jobs were validated by no losses or gains during the job, floats holding at the end of the cementing job, differential pressure of cement prior to bumping the plug, density and pump rates executed as planned, accepted pressure test criteria of the annulus, output validation of cement contamination in pipe and annulus based on fluids and final well information. To further validate this system, the cement bond log was also run as part of the evaluation process and the cement log showed that zonal isolation was achieved. After the perforations, the perforation tool was pulled out to surface and the tool looked very clean with no signs of contaminated mud or cement around the tool. We demonstrate how this unique cementing approach can be a solution for the challenges of monobore cementing and one of the biggest problems of monobore cementing in the industry.
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García González, Andrea, Vicente Mas Llorens, and José Santatecla Fayos. "La Villa Sarabhai. La riqueza de lo ambiguo." In LC2015 - Le Corbusier, 50 years later. Universitat Politècnica València, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/lc2015.2015.910.
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Resumen: La Villa Sarabhai ha sido considerada en gran parte de las referencias críticas como un paradigma de la "architecture femelle" por absorber el emplazamiento y por sus espacios abovedados, llegando a ser asociada con la arquitectura rústica, folklórica, incluso primitiva. Sin embargo, la evolución del proyecto muestra que no existe ninguna voluntad por parte de Le Corbusier de integrar la villa en su entorno ni de rendir tributo a la arquitectura tradicional. Le Corbusier continúa evolucionando dando un nuevo giro a estrategias arquitectónicas ya consolidadas y resistiéndose a las clasificaciones: genera una planta libre mediante muros; transforma la terraza jardín de una habitación sin techo en una pradera; y en lugar de laminar el espacio en vertical lo lamina en horizontal. No obstante, el objetivo de su arquitectura se mantiene firme desde los años 20, generar una sensación continua de desconcierto. En la Villa Sarabhai el visitante no es capaz de afirmar si se encuentra en un edificio anclado al terreno o que se posa sobre él, en una construcción arquitrabada o abovedada, arriba o abajo, dentro o fuera, ni siquiera si lo que percibe es real o una representación de la realidad. Así, la ambigüedad se convierte en el medio para alcanzar la riqueza arquitectónica. Abstract: Villa Sarabhai is considered by many critics to be a paradigm of "architecture femelle", because it absorbs the setting and has vaulted spaces, which are elements associated with a rustic, folkloric, and even primitive, architecture. However, the evolution of the project shows that Le Corbusier did not intend to integrate the villa into the landscape or pay tribute to traditional architecture. Le Corbusier kept evolving. He added new twists to his consolidated architectonic strategies and defied classification: he generated a free plan by using walls; he transformed the garden terrace from a room without a ceiling into a prairie; and, instead of laminating the space in vertical, he laminated it in horizontal. Nevertheless, the aim of his architecture remained constant since the 1920s, generating a permanent feeling of bewilderment. Inside Villa Sarabhai, visitors are not able to confirm if they are in a building which is anchored to the ground, or in one which is resting on it; in an orthogonal construction or in a vaulted one; up or down; inside or outside; not even sure whether what they perceive is real or a representation of reality. The ambiguity becomes the means for reaching the architectonic richness. Palabras clave: Le Corbusier; Villa Sarabhai; Ahmedabad; Architecture femelle; Bóveda; Ambigüedad. Keywords: Le Corbusier; Villa Sarabhai; Ahmedabad; Architecture femelle; Vault; Ambiguity. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/LC2015.2015.910