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1
Abeles, Tom. "The academy: hiding behind pay walls?" On the Horizon 21, no. 2 (2013): 75–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10748121311322969.
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PurposeThe article's aim is to explore the issues of capturing knowledge behind a pay wall of an institution of higher learning.Design/methodology/approachThis is an opinion piece.FindingsPost secondary institutions will have to adopt alternative models for economic survival, as will knowledge seekers entering these institutions.Social ImplicationsKnowledge providers and knowledge seekers will restructure their relationships.Originality/valueThe article challenges the existing model to undergo radical change as opposed to patchwork alternatives.
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MONGE-NAJERA, JULIAN. "“Please pay $800 to read this article”: An open letter to paywall companies." Revista de Biología Tropical 66, no. 1 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v66i1.32238.
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Significant amounts of economic resources are spent by poor countries for access to scientific information that is blocked by pay-walls, and when fees are corrected for local economies, they can be the equivalent of hundreds of dollars per article. Pay-walls, is controlled by a small group of companies in rich countries, block knowledge from the societies that need it most. These companies should adjust their fees according to local economies: this would be fairer and would benefit everyone, including the same companies.
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Mikki, Susanne. "Scholarly publications beyond pay-walls: increased citation advantage for open publishing." Scientometrics 113, no. 3 (2017): 1529–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11192-017-2554-0.
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Hunt, Valerie H., Larra Rucker, and Brinck Kerr. "You’ve Come a Long Way, Baby, but You Still Have a Long Way to Go: Gender-Based Pay Inequality in U.S. State Bureaucracies, 1995-2015." Public Personnel Management 49, no. 4 (2019): 571–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091026019886332.
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Previous research on gender-based inequality in public-sector state-level bureaucracies finds evidence of glass ceilings and glass walls; however, previous research does not evaluate these factors together, nor does this research extend beyond the late 1990s. This study uses newly available data from the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)—data spanning from 1995 to 2015 that include the entire universe of female and male administrators—to evaluate this research question: Are gender-based pay disparities and glass walls among administrators in state-level bureaucracies related to the policy/program missions of state agencies? This study observes administrative-level gender-based pay disparities in all state agency types. Furthermore, this study finds evidence of occupational segregation or glass walls in distributive and regulatory agencies, but not in redistributive agencies. The findings indicate some progress for women; however, as recently as 2015, U.S. state bureaucracies, on average, did not achieve gender equity among their administrative ranks.
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Teotónio, Inês, Carlos Oliveira Cruz, Cristina Matos Silva, and José Morais. "Investing in Sustainable Built Environments: The Willingness to Pay for Green Roofs and Green Walls." Sustainability 12, no. 8 (2020): 3210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12083210.
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Green infrastructure, such as green roofs/walls, plays a key role in addressing urban problems. Despite the well-established sustainable mentality, aspects such as aesthetics, recreation, and welfare are still the main drivers for undertaking such investments. Several studies have focused on proving the benefits of green infrastructure, namely, thermal insulation, air quality, and others. However, significant soft benefits have not yet been properly addressed. It is, therefore, important to understand how much citizens are willing to invest in those mitigating measures and list the aspects that influence that value. This study suggests a methodology based on stated preferences to evaluate the willingness-to-pay of owner/tenants for green roofs/walls in residential buildings and determine the influence of multiple factors. Results show that consumers reveal higher willingness-to-pay for accessible green roofs. Knowledge of benefits and the accessibility of green roofs have a great impact on the willingness-to-pay. Recreation benefit is at the forefront of individuals’ concerns; even more than aesthetics.
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VAY, J. L., S. KAWATA, T. NAKAMURA, J. SASAKI, T. SOMEYA, and C. DEUTSCH. "Conducting versus insulating walls in a heavy ion reaction chamber." Laser and Particle Beams 21, no. 1 (2003): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026303460221109x.
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We first pay attention to the inflight charge state distribution in a Pb ion beam propagating in a reactor-sized chamber delimited by metallic walls. We thus compare Livermore (code BIC) and Orsay (code BPIC) distributions in the presence of a residual Flibe gas pressure. Next, we replace the electron plasma due to Flibe ionization by a gliding plasma produced by the polarization of the incoming ion beam on insulating walls. Corresponding electrons, when attracted by the beam, are demonstrated to yield a very efficient current neutralization.
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Rapcevičienė, Daiva. "EVALUATION OF MULTI RESIDENTIAL HOUSE RENOVATION EFFICIENCY." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 2, no. 2 (2010): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2010.039.
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Analyzed multi residential house renovation investment projects efficiency evaluation methods: economic-social, and environmental, as well as key financial valuation methods: simple pay-back period, the energy cost savings, the net present value, internal rate of return. Building walls condition regenerative rate which is used to evaluate investments in energy-saving measures is also discussed. According to reconstruction investments of multi residential house, three government financing programs of multi residential house are evaluated and selected the most effective program by comparing financial valuation methods taking and without taking into account building walls condition regenerative rate.
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Eslami, Babak Jafarzad, and Andrea Del Grosso. "Retrofit of Masonry Buildings through Seismic Dampers." Key Engineering Materials 817 (August 2019): 293–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.817.293.
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After the recent earthquakes occurred in some cities in Iran, such as Bam and Kermanshah, the engineering community was forced to pay special attention to the seismic vulnerability of traditional structures. Unreinforced masonry walls exhibit poor seismic performance under moderate and high seismic demand, due to the rapid degradation of stiffness. The development of effective techniques for the strengthening of these walls is an urgent need. The Base Isolation System (BIS) provides solutions to mitigate seismic hazard [1]. In this work, the seismic vulnerability of heritage masonry walls is assessed by conducting extensive numerical studies on both unreinforced (fixed-base) and reinforced (Base Isolation System) masonry walls. In this manner, modeling and analysis are conducted using standard finite element software, ABAQUS 6.13, and results of fixed-base masonry wall and similar base-isolated walls retrofitted with laminated rubber bearings are compared. Nonlinear time history analyses (using the actual Bam earthquake), which enable description of the pre-peak and post-peak behavior of walls, have been used to describe the behavior of structures.Finally, comparison of the failure modes between unreinforced and reinforced masonry walls reveals efficiency of using the rubber bearing isolation (passive control vibration devices) for a reduction in acceleration and an increase in the structural resistance to earthquake excitations [2].
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Šuba, Oldřich, Ladislav Fojtl, Oldřich Šuba Jr., Libuše Sýkorová, Soňa Rusnáková, and Jitka Baďurová. "On Flexural Stiffness of Polymer Sandwich Walls." Materials Science Forum 862 (August 2016): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.862.115.
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This paper deals with the flexural stiffness of sandwich structures based on fiberglass and polymeric foams. The influence of geometrical and material parameters on the resulting effective flexural stiffness of the sandwich structure is being studied experimentally, analytically and using FEM models. The effective elasticity module of the sandwich-structured element is being studied and it’s theoretical and model dependencies on the stiffness of the foam core are being investigated. These dependencies are then compared with experimentally observed values. This study shows it is necessary to pay special attention to the issue of flexural stiffness of walls when designing sandwich shell products in order to prevent possible failures in the practical applications of these types of structures.
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Liberalesso, Tiago, Raul Mutevuie Júnior, Carlos Oliveira Cruz, Cristina Matos Silva, and Maria Manso. "Users’ Perceptions of Green Roofs and Green Walls: An Analysis of Youth Hostels in Lisbon, Portugal." Sustainability 12, no. 23 (2020): 10136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122310136.
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Green roofs and green walls are a potential strategy to increase green spaces in the urban environment. These solutions bring multiple benefits to the cities at the economic and socio-environmental levels. However, from the point of view of private investors, green roofs and green walls often have a negative financial evaluation. Concerning this, the quantification of the benefits according to building use and occupancy could be an important tool to assist the decision-making process and guarantee returns on investment. This study aims to support the decision-making process by managers and owners of youth hostels regarding green roofs and green walls implementation. Using a structured questionnaire, users’ perceptions were assessed through a five-point Likert scale. The survey was conducted in five youth hostels in Lisbon, Portugal. Analyses were performed in two phases. Firstly, using the original sample (n = 345), and subsequently grouping homogeneous individuals through cluster analysis. The results showed that most respondents support green infrastructure installation in the hostel and consider that these solutions could provide a greater sense of individual well-being and local aesthetic improvement. However, there is no strong evidence that green infrastructure solutions are considered a deciding factor to select local lodging, despite the fact that it can be a tiebreaker factor between two similar options. Furthermore, findings have shown that 90% of the respondents from Cluster 1 and 92% from Cluster 4 are probably not willing to pay higher daily rates for youth hostels that have green infrastructure solutions in place. On the other hand, 67% of the respondents from Cluster 2 were potentially willing to pay an additional amount. For the 345 respondents, the most preferred green infrastructure typologies are indoor living wall and the accessible green roof. Moreover, findings support the gender socialization and identity theory showing that women have a greater environmental concern compared to men.
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Guy, Mary. "Mom Work Versus Dad Work in Local Government." Administration & Society 49, no. 1 (2016): 48–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095399716641989.
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The work context reconstructs the feminine and the masculine, rendering public service a mirror of gender asymmetry. Nowhere is this clearer than in local government, where many face-to-face services are delivered. In cities and counties, the largest job categories are education and police work. Almost 90% of elementary school teachers are women and less than 12% of police officers are women. The sequelae to job segregation—overlooking the emotive component of jobs, pay inequity, and glass walls—will not change until organizational logic catches up with a more nuanced appreciation of gender.
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Avila, Jorge A., and Jorge Arturo Avila-Haro. "Inelastic Dynamic Seismic Response of 15-Story and 25-Story RC Buildings with and without Shear Walls Designed with the Mexico City Building Code." Key Engineering Materials 665 (September 2015): 81–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.665.81.
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The inelastic seismic behavior of two reinforced concrete buildings of 15-story and 25-story is compared with and without shear-walls. The resistance-seismic design and vertical loads is made according to the requirements of the Mexico City Building Code, RCDF-2004, satisfying the limit states of service and resistance: compressible seismic area, group B. Inelastic dynamic seismic responses are determined with step-by-step analysis under SCT-EW-85 record with the nominal resistance and over-resistance effects. Results show the importance of the participation of the shear-walls to help to reduction of the magnitude of structural damages during severe seismic future events. The shear walls located in adequate form inside the structure provide an excellent additional lateral stiffness to solve the common flexibility problems in the soft soil zone of the Valley of Mexico and therefore to avoid severe additional torsion problems. In the shear wall constructions we should pay special attention to the foundation design. It was verified that the shear strengths of the structural elements selected were higher than the seismic demands. In the cases of over-strengths considered, it can be concluded that had a minor incursion in the interval of inelastic performance compared with the inelastic performance presented in the cases of nominal strengths.
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Azoulay, Vincent. "Rethinking the Political in Ancient Greece." Annales (English ed.) 69, no. 03 (2014): 385–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2398568200000832.
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Just over thirty years ago, François Hartog pondered what it might mean to devote an entire issue of theAnnalesto ancient history. Such an editorial endeavor, he suggested, was a bold gamble based on the conviction that the study of antiquity should not be confined to the domain of pure erudition, exclusively reserved for specialists. Like other historians, specialists in ancient history could heed Marc Bloch and Lucien Febvre’s invitation in the journal’s first issue, calling for historians to “demolish walls so high that they frequently block the view” as they “strive to pay attention to their neighbor’s work.”
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Garcia, Víctor Lluís Pérez. "South-East Asian Fortified Stone Walls: Angkor Thom (Cambodia), Ho Citadel (Vietnam) and Ratu Boko (Indonesia)." Jurnal Humaniora 28, no. 3 (2017): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jh.v28i3.22275.
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This article aims to analyze three significant examples of defensive walls from South-East Asia made of solid stone blocks (both rock as well as stone-like laterite) and provided with different but equivalent functions –a fortified imperial capital-city (Angkor Thom, in Cambodia), a fortified royal citadel (Ho Citadel, in the North of Vietnam) and a royal palace with a partly fortified appearance (Ratu Boko, in Java Island, Indonesia)–, focusing on their constructive and technical characteristics and establishing parallels between them and their closest counterparts, from China and India. We will see how their design and structure can be closely related to the fortifications of neighbouring empires, as places of origin of their strong cultural influences and, at the same time, we will try to identify the local particularities. We will pay special attention to the form of the fortified enceintes, considering the long tradition of the quadrangular plan in the walls of royal capitals, inspired in the ideal model of Chinese and Indian cities. Our research also make us think that the walls of Ratu Boko, despite their functions as symbolic limits or for retaining the soil, could also have had a defensive purpose, no matter if secondary, or at least they could be used to provide protection to the complex in case of external menace.
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Hoshko, Tetiana. "THE ISSUES OF THE DEFENCE AND SECURITY OF RUTHENIAN CITIES IN THE SEJMS OF THE POLISH-LITHUANIAN COMMONWEALTH IN THE 15TH – FIRST HALF OF THE 17TH CENTURY." City History, Culture, Society, no. 6 (April 10, 2019): 67–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mics2019.06.067.
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The difficult international situation and the constant threat of war forced the king and nobility to pay special attention to the issues of state defence. The problem was often discussed at the Sejm sessions, including the question of the defence and order in the cities. Private and small towns, too, were not deprived of attention. Not only townspeople but also representatives of the nobility, first of all, starosta or vice-starosta were often made responsible for strengthening the defence capability of cities. The Sejms considered the building and strengthening of city walls, measures that would prevent their destruction, and providing cities with all necessary to counter hostile attacks. The Sejm constitutions not only exempted cities from some taxes so that the funds were used to strengthen the city walls but also protected them from the possible lawlessness of the nobility. The Sejms also prescribed the duties of the cities in the event of war and their involvement in the pospolite ruszenie. True, despite the difficult international situation, most of the Sejms’ resolutions were only addressed to individual cities. In practice, the issues of development and strengthening of cities did not rise in the Sejms systematically.
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Sedláková, Anna, Pavol Majdlen, and Ladislav Ťažký. "Possible Solutions for Ground Slabs of Energy Efficient Buildings." Advanced Materials Research 1041 (October 2014): 105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1041.105.
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The building envelope is a barrier that separates the internal environment from the effects of weather. This barrier ought to facilitate the optimal comfort of the interior environment in winter as well as summer. It has been shown in practice that most building defects occur within the building envelope. This includes external walls, roofs and floors too, and is impartial to new or renovated buildings. Heat losses of buildings through external constructions – roof, external walls, ground slabs are not negligible. It is therefore important to pay more attention to these construction elements. Basementless buildings situated on the ground are in direct contact with the subgrade and its thermal state. An amount of heat primarily destined for the creation of thermal comfort in the interior escapes from the baseplate to the cooler subgrade. The outgoing heat represents heat losses, which unfavourably affect the overall energy efficiency of the building. The heat losses represent approximately 15 to 20 % of the overall heat losses of the building. This number is a clear antecedent for the need to isolate and minimalize heat flow from the building to the subgrade.
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Paepcke, Anne, and Andreas Nicolai. "Efficient hygrothermal wall transport models inside simulations of conditioned buildings." E3S Web of Conferences 172 (2020): 04007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017204007.
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With regard to room comfort and potential moisture damage hygrothermal conditions inside a building are of high interest, especially in highly humid or dry climatic regions. In order to achieve satisfying climatic conditions not only thermal storage, but also moisture storage of walls needs to be taken into consideration. Dynamic effects of walls and the impact on thermal room climate require a detailed thermal wall simulation. In the simulation program NANDRAD a Finite Volume approach is used to discretized each building construction. The balance equation system is now extended with coupled moisture mass balance, both for zone air volumes and all construction elements. This leads to a duplication of system unknowns with highly nonlinear interactions between solution variables, resulting in strong increase of simulation time. In order to improve performance for larger simulation models, a mixed grid approach is evaluated. Hereby, a detailed grid is used for energy balances and coarser grid for moisture balances. In the article we discuss the procedure, evaluate the impact on accuracy of solution results, and discuss numerical problems. We show that the procedure indeed helps reducing the overall number of unknowns, which, however, appears to pay off only for large building models.
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Griffin, A. H. F. "Hyginus, Fabula 89 (Laomedon)." Classical Quarterly 36, no. 2 (1986): 541. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838800012325.
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Neptunus et Apollo dicuntur Troiam muro cinxisse; his rex Laomedon uouit quod regno suo pecoris eo anno natum esset immolaturum. id uotum auaritia fefellit. alii dicunt †parum eum promisisse.The story that Neptune and Apollo together built the walls of Troy for Laomedon is well known from Homer. At the end of their year's service the perfidious king refused to pay the agreed wages. Ovid tells the familiar story in one of his transitional sections in the Metamorphoses. Hyginus' account poses the textual problem indicated above. H. I. Rose comments on ‘parum’ as follows: ‘procul dubio corruptum hoc neque arridet Schmidtii coniectura promsisse. fuitne partum equarum? hoc enim plerumque narratur, equos quos a Ioue accepisset promisisse Laomedontem mercedis nomine…sed Herculi; quod facile ad deos mercennarios transferri potuit; atque non equos sed equas fuisse tradit Apollod. II, 104’. Rose rightly rejects Schmidt's emendation ‘promsisse’. ‘Promisisse’ has every sign of soundness and the difficulty lies, as Rose sees, with ‘parum’. Rose's own conjecture ‘partum equarum’, however, will not do. Apart from the oddity of the expression, one would need a good deal more persuasion than Rose offers to accept that the well-known promise of Zeus' horses which Laomedon made to Hercules (Hom. Il. 5.648–51, Ov. Met. 11.213–15) was transferred from Hercules to Neptune and Apollo. There is no suggestion anywhere in the sources that Laomedon promised to give Neptune and Apollo the famous horses as payment for building the walls.
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Daryanto, Daryanto, and Firza Utama S. "Jendela Hemat Energi pada Fasade Rumah Susun di Jakarta." ComTech: Computer, Mathematics and Engineering Applications 3, no. 1 (2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/comtech.v3i1.2364.
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Window is one of building components that is directly related to lighting and ventilation. Currently a lot of vertical housings pay less attention to the design of energy-efficient windows. This study aims to find energy efficient windows that are applicable to vertical housing. Surveys on some vertical housings in Jakarta was conducted and environmental simulation programs using CFD and Ecotect was used to explore and analyze the performance of windows for natural lighting and ventilation and further developing of energy efficient windows. The result showed that the Jalousie windows mounted on the center of wall facing out and two louvers above the entrance and upperside of walls in the opposite side of rooms, combined with openings at the bottom of doors are able to create optimum cross ventilation. The resulted wind speed within the range of 0.15 to 0.12 m/s is enough to make comfortable air flow effect, and the average natural lighting of 200 lux is adequate forresidential activity.
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Teubner, Gunther. "“And God Laughed …” Indeterminacy, Self-Reference and Paradox In Law." German Law Journal 12, no. 1 (2011): 376–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200016904.
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The Talmud tells us how once during a heated halachic discussion, when no agreement could be reached, Rabbi Eliezer, whose detailed, elegantly justified legal opinion was not shared by the majority, said that if he were right, a carob tree outside would move to prove it. When it did move, the other rabbis remained unimpressed. Eliezer claimed that if he were right, a nearby stream would flow backwards - and it did; he claimed that the schoolhouse walls would bend - and they did. But the rabbis were not impressed by these wonders either. Finally he said heaven itself would prove him right. Thereupon a Heavenly Voice confirmed Eliezer's position. Yet the rabbis disagreed even with this voice, saying: “We pay no attention to a Heavenly Voice, because Thou hast long since written in the Torah at Mount Sinai, after the majority must one incline”. And God laughed, saying “My sons have defeated Me, My sons have defeated Me.”
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Ningrum, Yayuk Octaliana. "The Facility's Sanitation Requirements Canteen PT X Based on Regulation of KMK Number 1098, 2003." JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN 10, no. 3 (2018): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v10i3.2018.313-320.
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One of the efforts in maintaining food hygiene is to pay attention to hygiene and sanitation not only from food but also from the quality of the environment. The purpose of this study was to assess the suitability between food hygiene sanitation conditions with the related regulations that is KMK no. 1098 of 2003 on Hygiene Sanitation Requirements for Restaurants. This research was an observational research that lasted for 5 (five) weeks by doing observation, interview and literature study. The data obtained will be compared with KMK no. 1098 in 2003. Research shows that actual conditions that were not in accordance with regulation numb. 1098 of 2003 on Hygiene Sanitation Requirements for Restaurants, among others the meeting of walls and floors do not form a cone angle, the door that opens in without the protective gauze, washing facilities consist of 1 (one) tub, the condition of the waste bin open, poor ventilation, and food handlers do not use the media when in contact with food.
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Li, Gang, Zhen Li, Guo Hui Feng, Qian Liu, and Qian Wang. "Research and Investigation on Present Energy Conservation in Northen Rural Houses." Advanced Materials Research 608-609 (December 2012): 1709–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.608-609.1709.
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More researchers pay attention to energy consumption and conservation in cities before .This paper finds out the current structure of rural houses, the type and utilizing situation of energy and the typical heating methods in current northen rural areas of china, and points out exist problems in these aspects by Field investigation and analysis.The author proposes that insulation layers of external walls and windows are preferred measures of energy consrevation and the additional southen sunspace is also a highly effective method in northen rural areas; the hanging kang has a much better performance than landing kang which should be strongly recommended,and a new kang with PCM helps to save fuel consumption, increase temperature uniformity of kang surface , stabilize indoor temperature and improve indoor thermal comfort,which should be paid enough attention; the effective use of excess heat in solar energy water heater should be paid sufficient attention,and biogas should be strongly advocated and properly guided.
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Zalejska-Jonsson, Agnieszka, Sara J. Wilkinson, and Richard Wahlund. "Willingness to Pay for Green Infrastructure in Residential Development—A Consumer Perspective." Atmosphere 11, no. 2 (2020): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11020152.
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This paper investigates the literature and theoretical underpinning of the concept of “willingness to pay” (WTP) for green infrastructure (GI) with consequences for residential development. The benefits of GI in urban settlements include improved air quality, attenuation of the urban heat island, thermal insulation and lower energy bills for green roofs and walls, the creation of social amenity space, a habitat for biodiversity, and stormwater water attenuation. Collectively, these benefits are termed eco-system services and enhance sustainability. The role of GI, the “lungs of the planet”, is heavily correlated to atmospheric conditions; high levels of GI improve air quality, which is acknowledged widely with many cities increasing GI to make them more resilient to future predicted challenges with respect to heat and poor air quality. In addition, there is evidence that the biophilia effect enhances human well-being. There are some studies claiming that purchasers pay a premium for property with good GI. However, there is little research about the process in consumers’ minds leading to such a premium—if, how, when (under what circumstances), and then to what extent are consumers willing to pay for GI. This process, if better understood, may enable sellers or policy makers to influence the amounts of GI in developments, thus making it possible to enhance the value of GI to buyers. There is some research pointing to factors to be considered when modeling such processes. For developers, knowing the optimum amount of GI would enable them to design and construct developments with maximum purchaser appeal. To do this, stakeholders need to predict the level of WTP amongst potential purchasers for which they need to understand the decision processes behind WTP. In this way, sustainability in residential property development could be optimized. The paper analyzes the literature and theories concerning WTP, focusing on dwellings and GI. Our findings are that some quantitative evidence exists that purchasers pay more for residential property with high levels of GI in some cities, but they do so without any understanding of the possible decision processes leading to those premiums (if, how, when, and then to what extent). The paper proposes a comprehensive conceptual model that may explain buyers’ WTP for a dwelling based on a presumed cost–benefit analysis performed by buyers, which has been extended here to include GI and psychological factors. Thus, the paper has a consumer perspective. The model may be used to select variables and test them in empirical studies, and by integrating with other factors in the model, it can attain a more comprehensive understanding of WTP for GI in residential development.
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Obodovych, O. M., G. К. Ivanitsky, and O. E. Stepanova. "MODELING OF HEATING AND MELTING PROCESSES OF HYDROCARBON MIXTURES WITH FORCED REMOVAL OF THE MELT." Thermophysics and Thermal Power Engineering 43, no. 1 (2021): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.31472/ttpe.1.2021.11.
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Analysis of the work, which considered the mathematical modeling of the melting process in various industries, currently does not pay attention to modeling the processes of heating and melting of hydrocarbon mixtures, such as vaseline, paraffin, fats, lanolin and others. The issue of optimization of heating and melting processes, calculations of necessary process parameters (speed and depth of thermal front penetration, etc.) and equipment, avoidance of repetition for each hydrocarbon mixture of experimental studies shows the need to develop a mathematical model of these processes. For the method of melting a substance placed in a cylindrical tank, based on the movement of a disc heating element under the action of gravity during melting and overflow of molten substance through the gaps between the disc and the walls of the tank, simulation has been carried out. Simulation of the melt flow in the annular gap is presented, which describes the laminar flow under the influence of the pressure drop and the velocity of the vessel wall relative to the heater, and the melt flow under the heater.
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Annibaldi, Valeria, Federica Cucchiella, and Marianna Rotilio. "A Sustainable Solution for Energy Efficiency in Italian Climatic Contexts." Energies 13, no. 11 (2020): 2817. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13112817.
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In the European Union, about 40% of energy consumption and 36% of CO2 emissions come from buildings; therefore, the improvement of their energy performance is a strongly focused issue. In particular, the energy efficiency of the building envelope is a very important element to pay attention to. Many studies have been conducted on this field of research, and the study illustrated in this paper also belongs to this topic. In particular, this article presents a multidisciplinary method to find sustainable solutions for energy efficiency in Italian climatic contexts using the Life Cycle Cost Analysis approach. In detail, this paper defines the reference scenario and then deepens the methodology used to determine the economically optimal thickness of a specific insulating material—hemp fiber—applied to a specific type of wall—uninsulated cavity walls made of hollow bricks, which are very widespread in Italy. The analysis is developed in relation to three different regions—Piedmont, Abruzzo, and Campania. The results show that the economically optimal thickness is different for each region analyzed and demonstrates how energy efficiency strategies must be carefully weighed according to the specific conditions of the site.
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Putra, I. Ketut, Ida Bagus Made Suryatika, I. Gusti Agung Ayu Ratnawati, and Gusti Ngurah Sutapa. "Radiation protection x-ray in the diagnostic radiology unit kasih ibu kedonganan hospital." International research journal of engineering, IT & scientific research 5, no. 6 (2019): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/irjeis.v5n6.786.
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One source of radiation is X-ray aircraft, which utilization must pay attention to safety aspects. Room design is the first step that must be done before the operation of X-ray aircraft. Radiology Unit Kasih Ibu Kedonganan Hospital operates an X-ray aircraft with specifications of 250 kV-85 mA, needs to be tested for radiation exposure which is an integral part of the verification of radiation protection. Test for radiation exposure at least once a year. The purpose of the installation room design is to ensure that workers or the general public around the plant receive radiation exposure that is smaller than the applicable dose limit value (DLV), by the radiation safety provisions that refer to the Decree. BAPETEN No. 7 of 2009 concerning Radiation Safety in the use of radiographic equipment. This study will test exposure to room wall shields associated with radiation workers and the general public. The results showed that all walls A, B, C, D, and E could still completely weaken the rate of X-ray radiation. The highest radiation dose detected on wall B is the primary wall for the Buky stand examination.
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Bouchagiar, George. "A Universal Digital Library Based on Unimpeded Access (and Some Proposals Based on Information Ethics)." Review of European Studies 10, no. 4 (2018): 3348. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/res.v10n433-48.
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Massive amounts of digital information, ready to be shared without any restrictions, could mean that what we are dealing with today is a universal collection of all knowledge that is freely available to everyone. However, information is consumed as a commodity and is, thus, locked up behind pay-walls set up by firms. But knowledge should not be privatized and information should be used as a tool to achieve goals of benevolence. This paper examines whether we have the technologies to move towards an ideal direction, where a Universal Digital Library would be introduced to ensure unimpeded access to the sum of all knowledge. It points out that there are both the necessary technologies and models to achieve this, albeit legal obstacles prevent people from accessing knowledge. This renders the scenario of the above imaginary library a utopia. So, more realistic approaches are discussed to support that current libraries, whether physical or digital, can very well perform their role as equalizers of access to knowledge. Finally, conclusions are drawn and optimistic scenarios are submitted to argue that law could someday make such universal-library-utopia come true.
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Bouchagiar, George. "A Universal Digital Library Based on Unimpeded Access (and Some Proposals Based on Information Ethics)." Review of European Studies 10, no. 4 (2018): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/res.v10n4p33.
Full textAbstract:
Massive amounts of digital information, ready to be shared without any restrictions, could mean that what we are dealing with today is a universal collection of all knowledge that is freely available to everyone. However, information is consumed as a commodity and is, thus, locked up behind pay-walls set up by firms. But knowledge should not be privatized and information should be used as a tool to achieve goals of benevolence. This paper examines whether we have the technologies to move towards an ideal direction, where a Universal Digital Library would be introduced to ensure unimpeded access to the sum of all knowledge. It points out that there are both the necessary technologies and models to achieve this, albeit legal obstacles prevent people from accessing knowledge. This renders the scenario of the above imaginary library a utopia. So, more realistic approaches are discussed to support that current libraries, whether physical or digital, can very well perform their role as equalizers of access to knowledge. Finally, conclusions are drawn and optimistic scenarios are submitted to argue that law could someday make such universal-library-utopia come true.  
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Parker, John. "Valhalla Is Burning: Theory, the Middle Ages, and Secularization." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 130, no. 3 (2015): 787–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2015.130.3.787.
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In 1802 the Franciscan Friary standing in Munich since the late thirteenth century was razed to make room for the national Theater. Many of its books found their way to the state library where, among further spoils swept up in the waves of secularization following the French Revolution, they fed the growth of modern medievalism. Other relics fed other tastes. A profitable brewery remained in the friary's basement, operated now under secular license, while everything else detachable—furniture, copper gutters and plates, lead and iron fittings, window frames, artwork, altars, the tower clock and organ—went to the highest bidder to pay for the theater's troubled construction. Buttresses buckled and pushed through walls. When three workers raising the roof beam fell into a pit, critics divined the hand of God in retaliation for the friary's ruin. Different observers, more favorable perhaps to the cause of art, stressed the workers' survival and took it as a miraculous omen for the theater's future—God's blessing, so to speak, on historical progress. In the short term, it wasn't. In 1823 the theater caught fire and burned to the ground, as onlookers claimed to see in the rising smoke “the face of a monstrous Franciscan.”
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Kristensen, Linn-Birgit Kampen, and Mona Solvoll. "Digital payments for a digital generation." Nordic Journal of Media Studies 1, no. 1 (2019): 125–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/njms-2019-0008.
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AbstractDigitalization is both a major cause of the challenges now faced by several media industries and a source of their potential solutions. Within the book and newspaper industries, the value of the physical product is about to be surpassed by that of digitally delivered content, disrupting the distribution system that these industries have relied on for many decades. In particular, digital distribution has radically changed the way in which consumers engage in unpaid and paid media consumption.Anchored in the notion of disruptive innovation, and more specifically related to the idea of distribution as disruptive technology, our study investigates Generation Z’s unpaid and paid consumption of digital books and online local newspapers. Drawing on two Norwegian audience surveys, we find that both industries involve at least one disruptive actor. Generation Z relies heavily on Facebook as a distribution channel for news. Pay-walls have a negative effect on the usage of paid online local news, despite the belief that paywalled news is better than free news. In the Norwegian book industry, paper books still have a very strong position among Generation Z. Audiobooks have greater usage than e-books, and we conclude that the real disruptive actor in the Norwegian book industry is the streaming of audiobooks by actors such as Storytel.
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Kamenders, A., and A. Blumberga. "Multi-Objective Optimization Approach for Improving Performance of Building." Scientific Journal of Riga Technical University. Environmental and Climate Technologies 3, no. 3 (2009): 70–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10145-009-0009-4.
Full textAbstract:
Multi-Objective Optimization Approach for Improving Performance of Building Energy efficiency measures are different from energy efficiency and cost effectiveness perspective. For decision maker it is hard to make right decision about different energy efficiency measure combinations in building. It is a complex problem to choose the best energy efficiency measure combination as decision involves many different factors that should be taken in account. Decision on implementation of energy efficiency measure implementation usually depends on investment costs and pay back time. Standards like Latvian Building Code LBN 002-01 can't be used to achieve reasonable expenses in renovation of buildings. Therefore, in order to find the optimal energy-efficiency measures, it is necessary to carry out optimization taking all the variable parameters into account. In the paper target function was presented that gives ability of the multi-objective optimization approach to handle the problem of improving energy efficiency in buildings. Case study is used to demonstrate the feasibility of the approach. 104. series soviet type dwellings was analysed to optimized insulation thickness for external walls. Even if accord with the LBN 002-01 it is enough to use 7 cm thick isolation (λ-0,039 W/(m2K)) layers optimal insulation layer is 12 cm (λ-0,039 W/(m2K)).
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MAVROMATOS, NICK E., and JOHN RIZOS. "EXACT SOLUTIONS AND THE COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT PROBLEM IN DILATONIC-DOMAIN-WALL HIGHER-CURVATURE STRING GRAVITY." International Journal of Modern Physics A 18, no. 01 (2003): 57–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x03013582.
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In this paper, we extend the previous work by the authors, and elaborate further on the structure of the general solution to the graviton and dilaton equations of motion in brane world scenaria, in the context of five-dimensional effective actions with [Formula: see text] higher-curvature corrections, compatible with bulk string-amplitude calculations. We consider (multi)brane scenaria, dividing the bulk space into regions, in which one matches two classes of general solutions, a linear Randall–Sundrum solution and a (logarithmic) dilatonic domain wall (bulk naked singularity). We pay particular attention to examining the possibility of resolving the mass hierarchy problem together with the vanishing of the vacuum energy on the observable world, which is taken to be a positive tension brane. The appearance of naked dilatonic domain walls provides a dynamical restriction of the bulk space–time. Of particular interest is a dilatonic-wall solution, which after appropriate coordinate transformation, results in a linear dilaton conformal field theory. The latter may provide a holographic resolution of the naked singularity problem. All the string-inspired models involved have the generic feature that the brane tensions are proportional to the string coupling gs; it remains a challenge for string theory, therefore, to show whether microscopic models respecting this feature can be constructed.
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Vance, Chris. "Incarcerated Workers’ Self-Organizing Contributes to Abolition Movements against Global Apartheid." TOPIA: Canadian Journal of Cultural Studies 43 (September 1, 2021): 44–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/topia-43-004.
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Incarcerated workers across Canadian prisons have organized and conducted strike actions. These actions, however, have been rejected by the Canadian state, on the basis that the incarcerated workers are not legally employees. The court ruling ( Guérin et al. v. Canada 2018), while accepting evidence of the prisoners’ material hardships from their low pay and from reprisals for striking, excluded them from the legal protections of employees and thus devalued the prisoners’ labour. The self-organizing efforts reveal the levels of inequality experienced by incarcerated workers in the ruling order of global apartheid, “in which race and mobility feature as primary variables for which heightened security and militarization are the answer” ( Besteman 2020 , 1). This article discusses the effects of prisoners’ organizing in the larger context of social justice. In so doing it examines cultural texts that document interactions between organizers inside and outside prisons and their contribution toward alternatives to carceral cultures. This article argues that the cultural production by prisoners and their supporters express the conditions in which prisoner self-organizing is necessary for larger social transformation. The creation and nurturing of collective relationships with one another, both within and across prison walls, clarify common grounds for liberation struggles, and connect envisioned freedoms to overthrow the various forces that enclose communities and hold significant numbers of us captive.
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., Sudirmansyah, Joni Arliansyah, and Edi Kadarsa. "Income Generating Study on The South Sumatera LRT Operational." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 5, no. 7 (2020): 556–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt20jul446.
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In South Sumatra Palembang, Light Rail Transit (LRT) which is one type of mass transportation has been built. LRT is a rail-based mass transportation facility with electric drive and can be used to carry passengers on a larger scale, but in the implementation of LRT operations require very large operational funds. The generated income from monthly sales ticket was unequal to the costs incurred for LRT operations. In this study, researchers used three options to obtain other income besides ticket sales, which are the income from ad space rent (stations, poles, railroad walls and LRT trains), trade stall rent, and ATM stall rent. The questionnaire survey was conducted on 400 sample companies in Palembang with the aim of getting the company's perception about the willingness to pay (WTP) for renting the advertising space and the ATM stall so that income generation can be predicted from the three options offered to the South Sumatra LRT operations. The analysis conducted in this study was a quantitative analysis with descriptive statistics. From the analysis it was found that the total income that would be received by the manager if all available locations had been occupied or rented were Rp. 10,080,715,996 once a year with the income proportion from advertising rent at 96.25%, income from trade stalls rent 2.08% and income from ATM stalls rent is 1.67%. It is expected that the existing income can help in funding operational in South Sumatra LRT.
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Olsson, Petra Herzfeld. "The Role of Effective Enforcement in International Law on Labour Migration." International Organizations Law Review 17, no. 1 (2020): 206–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15723747-01701009.
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Labour migrants shall according to the ILO and UN conventions on labour migration be provided with equal treatment with local workers with regard to working conditions including pay. Factors like migration law (creating dependence on employers and fears of expulsion) and limited access to justice, challenge the enforcement of the equal treatment principle. The social dumping argument has been raised by actors arguing for the closure of borders. However, labour migration is a feature of contemporary labour markets and the future world of work. Instead of rising walls measures to overcome obstacles against equal treatment must be considered. Effective monitoring and enforcement are crucial in this respect. The explicit enforcement provisions in the ILO and UN conventions are quite vague. In this paper it will be analysed to what extent the monitoring bodies of the relevant ILO and UN conventions demand for effective monitoring and enforcement of the equal treatment principle in their comments to the state parties and what kind of measures they suggest that the state parties shall take to make the equal treatment principle a reality. The analysis reveals that the monitoring bodies apply a context based interpretation of the provisions in the conventions, suggesting a wide range of measures to overcome the obstacles mentioned. The division between migration law and labour law turns out to be of less importance than the ambition to make equal treatment a reality.
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Basuki, Danang Dwi, and Hari Febriansyah. "Pembentukan Karakter Islami melalui Pengembangan Mata Pelajaran Akidah Akhlak di Madrasah Aliyah An-Najah Bekasi." Jurnal Intelektual: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Studi Keislaman 10, no. 2 (2020): 121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33367/ji.v10i2.1209.
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Abstract
 This study aims to analyze the formation of Islamic character through the development of akidah akhlak. The method used in this research is descriptive analytic with data collection instruments through observation, documentation and interviews. The results showed that the Islamic character is a character that originates from Islamic teachings or Islamic character. The formation of Islamic characters in Madrasah Aliyah Annajah Bekasi through the development of akidah akhlak has several ways, including: the madrasa head instructs the teacher who teaches akidah akhlak to pay close attention to the character education that has been rolled out by the government so that it can be implemented into learning adapted to the conditions of the madrasa and pay attention to the vision and mission of the madrasa relating to the application of Islamic character values, teachers of akidah akhlak are given the freedom to develop existing characters in accordance with the level levels of each class and establish cooperation with class teachers and teachers guidance counseling to see the extent to which the implementation of Islamic character in students and the use of walls with words of wisdom and wisdom.
 
 Key Word: Islamic Character, Development, Akidah Akhlak
 
 Abstrak
 Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pembentukan karakter Islami melalui pengembangan mata pelajaran akidah akhlak. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif analitik dengan instrument pengumpulan data melalui observasi, dokumentasi dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa karakter Islami adalah karakter yang bersumber dari ajaran Islam atau karakter yang bersifat Islami. Pembentukan karakter Islami di Madrasah Aliyah Annajah Bekasi melalui pengembangan mata pelajaran akidah akhlak memiliki beberapa cara, diantaranya: kepala madrasah memerintahkan kepada guru yang mengampu mata pelajaran akidah akhlak untuk memperhatikan secara baik tentang pendidikan karakter yang telah digulirkan oleh pemerintah agar dapat diimplementasikan ke dalam pembelajaran yang disesuaikan dengan kondisi madrasah dan memperhatikan visi dan misi madrasah yang berkaitan dengan penerapan nilai-nilai karakter Islami, guru pengampu mata pelajaran akidah akhlak diberikan kebebasan untuk mengembangkan karakter yang telah ada sesuai dengan tingkatan jenjang masing-masing kelas dan menjalin kerjasama dengan wali kelas dan guru bimbingan konseling untuk melihat sejauh mana implementasi penerapan karakter Islami pada peserta didik serta pemanfaatan dinding dengan tulisan kata-kata bijak dan hikmah.
 
 Kata Kunci: Karakter Islami, Pengembangan, Akidah Akhlak
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To, W. M., and Billy T. W. Yu. "Rise in higher education researchers and academic publications." Emerald Open Research 2 (January 30, 2020): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.35241/emeraldopenres.13437.1.
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Background: How many higher education researchers are there in the world? How many academic articles are published by researchers each year? This paper aims to answer these two questions by tracking the number of higher education teachers and the number of publications over the past four decades. Methods: We collected data on the number of higher education institutions and researchers from the United Nations, the World Bank, and the U.S., China, and U.K. governments (three countries with the largest number of academic publications in recent years). We used Scopus to obtain the number of publications per year. The growth of higher education researchers and academic publications were characterized using 4-parameter logistic models. Results: The number of higher education teachers-cum-researchers increased from 4 million in 1980 to 13.1 million in 2018 worldwide. Concurrently, the number of academic publications increased from 0.65 million in 1980 to 3.16 million in 2018 based on data from Scopus. At the country level, the number of academic publications from the U.S. increased from 0.15 million in 1980 to 0.70 million in 2018, while that from China increased by almost 1,000 times from 629 in 1980 to 0.60 million in 2018. Conclusions: The number of higher education researchers would reach 13.6 million and they would publish 3.21 million academic articles in 2020, imposing enormous pressure to publishers, peer-reviewers, and people who want to understand emerging scientific development. Additionally, not all academic publications are easily assessable because most articles are behind pay-walls. In addition, unethical research practices including falsification, fabrication, plagiarism, slicing publication, publication in a predatory journal or conference, etc. may hinder scientific and human development.
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Močinić, Snježana, and Catina Feresin. "THE ROLE OF THE SCHOOL SPACE IN PRESCHOOLERS' LEARNING PROCESSES." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 5, no. 2 (2017): 98–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2017.525.
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Purpose of the study
 The first aim of the present article was to investigate the role of school environment as an important factor in the learning process of children attending preschools in Istria (i.e. a part of Croatia where many people speak Italian).
 The school space is also called “Third educator” by famous pedagogues and it is constituted by labs, corridors, materials shape of the building, colours of the walls, quality of the lightings, type of furnishings and all didactic materials. It is a specific environment where the children live, learn, experience, get in touch with other people.
 Methodology
 The method used in our research was both quantitative as qualitative analyses of pedagogical documentation, observation of the environment of preschools and interviews with the educational boards of every school.
 Results
 The results showed that the school space is mostly in accordance with the requirements of the current legislation of the Country of Croatia and also confirmed the importance of it as “Third educator”, especially when the educators themselves were able to ameliorate the richness of corners and materials made available for children, encouraging in this way the development of the child's independence, maturation of identity and development of competencies.
 Implications
 In conclusion, school environment significantly affects child's learning, both because of the influence of architectural structures as because relational contexts and stimuli offered by the environment and by the educators. It means that the Ministry of Education in any Country should pay attention to the way buildings are constructed, especially regarding the richness of corners and materials at disposal of the children and of the educators.
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Prabowo, Rachmat Wahyu. "TIPOLOGI KERUSAKAN BANGUNAN AKIBAT CUACA EKSTREM STUDI KASUS CUACA EKSTREM KABUPATEN BANTUL 2019." Sustainable, Planning and Culture (SPACE) : Jurnal Perencanaan Wilayah dan Kota 2, no. 2 (2020): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.32795/space.v2i2.1123.
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The threat of disaster is unavoidable in Indonesia. In 2018, for example, 2,564 disasters occurred in which no city / district in Indonesia was free from threats. Statistical data shows that more than 90% of disasters in Indonesia are included in the hydrometereological disaster category, which has continued to increase over the past 15 years. Even in the early half of 2020, there were 256 disasters with 99% of them being hydrometereological disasters such as floods, landslides and tornadoes. The existence of extreme weather events in Bantul Regency in 2019 shows that the dangers of hydrometereology can cause considerable harm to the community. There needs to be a study to find out how to mitigate hydrometereological disasters which are the most common hazards in Indonesia. Analysis of building damage and disaster data needs to be carried out to determine the characteristics of the impact of extreme weather on buildings, to identify building elements that are vulnerable to damage, to provide anticipatory measures and alertness to extreme weather in Indonesia. Building damage data is grouped and processed in graphical form to read information patterns as material for analysis. The results of the study show that there are things that must be done in the face of extreme weather including: choosing the quality of materials and the strength of the construction of the building, attention to building elements, especially the back of the building (kitchen & bathroom), walls, and foundations, high vigilance in the area steep contours and highlands, need to be vigilant with all elements of society in areas of high potential for extreme weather, and the need to pay attention to vulnerable groups of the elderly and children.
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Rino, Antonio. "Dealing with negative social media comments: The giant bullhorn that punctures holes in organizations’ walls, like an arrow to the chest." McMaster Journal of Communication 12, no. 2 (2020): 56–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15173/mjc.v12i2.2173.
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A negative comment on a corporate social media post can pierce like an arrow to the chest and puncture holes into an organization’s walls. A single negative voice in a sea of positive feedback can feel as though it is blaring from a giant bullhorn, striking fear into corporate community managers that an avalanche of negativity will overtake positivity like a contagious bandwagon. Why would a corporation consider telling its story in the online battlefield of social media and risk exposing its reputation to a cesspool of negativity? This paper will explore why negativity is an online barrier through research, industry advice and best practices – including from the researchers and experts who use the foregoing colourful idioms and metaphors to describe negative online comments. To answer the main question of why an organization would consider engaging on social media in the face of prolific negativity and hate speech, this paper will review the evolution of online emotions and the rise of negativity on social media. The paper will define negative online comments in the corporate context using research on trolls, cyberbullying and online personal attacks. Using the psychology of Pareto’s 80/20 rule and negativity bias, this paper will provide quantitative and qualitative perspectives on negativity to show why companies pay much more attention to negative comments than positive ones, and how analysis of negativity can help a company develop emotional intelligence. Examples will be presented from research and industry to understand and combat negativity and review research on user comments that classifies users to better understand their motivations. Using research on tone and voice in online conversation, this paper will share cautionary case studies that demonstrate how companies that are not self-aware can incite negative comments. Finally, this paper will review research on platform content moderation techniques to understand how social media platforms like Facebook manage negativity and will suggest similar solutions for corporations, including not only the online community’s ability but also our collective responsibility to moderate and overcome the online positivity deficit. Keywords: social media, community manager, online negativity, negativity bias, negative comments, online emotions, user categorization
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Bell, Taunjah P. "Meditative Practice Cultivates Mindfulness and Reduces Anxiety, Depression, Blood Pressure, and Heart Rate in a Diverse Sample." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 29, no. 4 (2015): 343–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.29.4.343.
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Meditative practices have been used as adjunct interventions for mental disorders and medical conditions. Although these innovative techniques have been the focus of much research, few studies have investigated the impact of mindfulness meditation on psychological and physiological variables in a diverse sample that may be at risk of developing stress-related medical conditions that can be linked to anxiety-inducing mental disorders. Our aim was to examine the effects of mindfulness meditation, eyes-closed relaxation, and silence on nonjudgmental awareness, anxiety, depression, blood pressure (BP; commonly defined as the pressure or force of blood against the inner walls of blood vessels as blood flows through the circulatory system and usually is measured in millimeters of mercury, or mmHg), and heart rate (HR; commonly defined as the speed of the heartbeat and is typically measured in beats per minute) in African Americans. Meditation significantly increased awareness and decreased anxiety, depression, BP, and HR in participants who practiced 30 min per day four times per week for 12 weeks. Eyes-closed relaxation noticeably reduced anxiety, BP, and HR but had no effect on awareness and depression as indicated by the measures used in this study. Results of the data collected from individuals in the group exposed to silence for 30 min per day four times per week for 12 weeks were not significant. Present findings provided evidence to support the beneficial effects of mindfulness meditation and suggested that this practice may serve as an inexpensive, nonpharmacological way of positively impacting the psychological and physical health of university students and urban residents who might be at risk of experiencing anxiety, depression, an inability to focus or pay attention, or even major stress-related illnesses because of the demands of school and quality of life.
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Talukdar, Prasenjit, and Subrata Borgohain Gogoi. "A Study on the Role of Pre-Gelatinized Starch (PGS) in the Non Damaging Drilling Fluid (NDDF) for the Tipam Sand of Geleki Oilfield of Upper Assam Basin." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 3, no. 2 (2015): 291–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i2.12552.
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The drilling of the wells from surface to target location with conventional drilling fluids may impair production and ultimate recovery by failing to adequately connect the reservoir with the wellbore by damaging the producing interval. One of the most common ways of damaging a formation is the filtration loss. Non Damaging Drilling Fluid (NDDF) is a clay and barite free environmental friendly polymer mud system mostly used in pay zone sections of development wells and specifically in horizontal drilling to avoid formation damage. Starches [(C6H10O5) n] are an environment-friendly drilling mud additive for water-base drilling fluids used to control the filtration loss. This paper reports the effect and optimum composition of Pre-Gelatinized Starch (PGS) as a filtration control component in the NDDF. PGS is a high-quality nonionic polysaccharide having the Chemical Formula: C27H48O20 and Molecular Weight: 692.658020 [g/mol] which controls the filtration loss by sealing the walls of the borehole due to its long chains of monosaccharide. Some clay specifically the montmorillonite a member of the smectite group that generally also found in the payzones of Geleki Oilfield of Upper Assam Basin absorb hydrogen ions into their structure when comes in contact with fresh water and causing swelling of the clay resulting in a reduction of the pore volume and possibly plug in the pore throats. Therefore the filtration loss should be as low as possible by forming high quality low permeable mud cake of as thin as possible. In this work, an attempt has been made to study the effect of varying composition of PGS on the different mud properties of laboratory formulated NDDF and to choose its optimum composition based on the required mud parameters of the study area.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(2): 291-300 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i2.12552
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Anderson, Terry, and Brigette McConkey. "Development of Disruptive Open Access Journals." Canadian Journal of Higher Education 39, no. 3 (2010): 71–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.47678/cjhe.v39i3.477.
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Open access (OA) publication has emerged, with disruptive effects, as a major outlet for scholarly publication. OA publication is usually associated with on-line distribution and provides access to scholarly publications to anyone, anywhere–regardless of their ability to pay subscription fees or their association with an educational institution. The article overviews the growth and impact of OA publication in Canada and elsewhere. The article also presents a case study of the evolution over its first nine years of the International Review of Research in Open and Distance Education (IRRODL). IRRODL has become the most widely read and widely cited journal in the distance education and open learning community, yet it continues to struggle for recognition by some academics, funding, and rating organizations.
 In this article IRRODL’s editors document the challenges involved in leading the charge for equal support for open access journals from Canada’s research funding organizations and for review and accreditation from commercial and non-commercial review services. In its literature review section the article looks at scholarly works documenting and comparing on-line journals to ones that publish in paper only, or in which access is restricted behind the walls of licensed use.
 
 The article also documents issues related to various innovations, including production of articles in both text and audio formats, and the challenges of incorporating more interactive media into a scholarly, peer- reviewed journal. Data is produced demonstrating the ways in which 72 CJHE / RCES Volume 39, No. 3, 2009 influence and impact for open access journals can be measured, including hit rates and citations reference data from Google Scholar. The article concludes with a description and discussion of the advantages and challenges of using review and publication management tools such as Open Journal System in the production of open access journals.
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Motamedi, Mahdi, Chia-Yang Chung, Mehdi Rafeie, et al. "Experimental Testing of Hydrophobic Microchannels, with and without Nanofluids, for Solar PV/T Collectors." Energies 12, no. 15 (2019): 3036. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12153036.
Full textAbstract:
Solar energy can be converted into useful energy via photovoltaic cells or with a photothermal absorber. While these technologies are well-developed and commercially viable, significant benefits can be realised by pulling these two technologies together in photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) systems which can provide both heat and electricity from a single collector. Emerging configurations in the PV/T field aim to incorporate micro and/or nanotechnology to boost total solar utilisation even further. One example of this is the nanofluid-based PV/T collector. This type of solar collector utilises nanofluids—suspensions of nanoparticles in traditional heat transfer fluids—as both an optical filter and as a thermal absorber. This concept seeks to harvest the whole solar spectrum at its highest thermodynamic potential through specially engineered nanofluids which transmit the portion of solar spectrum corresponding to the PV response curve while absorbing the rest as heat. Depending on the nanoparticle concentration, employing nanofluids in a flowing system may come with a price—an efficiency penalty in the form of increased pumping power (due to increased viscosity). Similarly, microchannel-based heat exchangers have been shown to increase heat transfer, but they may also pay the price of high pumping power due to additional wall-shear-related pressure drop (i.e., more no-slip boundary area). To develop a novel PV/T configuration which pulls together the advantages of these micro and nanotechnologies with minimal pumping power requirements, the present study experimentally investigated the use of nanofluids in patterned hydrophobic microchannels. It was found that slip with the walls reduced the impact of the increased viscosity of nanofluids by reducing the pressure drop on average 17% relative to a smooth channel. In addition, flowing a selective Ag/SiO2 core–shell nanofluid over a silicon surface (simulating a PV cell underneath the fluid) provided a 20% increase in solar thermal conversion efficiency and ~3% higher stagnation temperature than using pure water. This demonstrates the potential of this proposed system for extracting more useful energy from the same incident flux. Although no electrical energy was extracted from the underlying patterned silicon, this study highlights potential a new development path for micro and nanotechnology to be integrated into next-generation PV/T solar collectors.
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Ostanina, T. V., A. I. Shveykin, and P. V. Trusov. "The grain structure refinement of metals and alloys under severe plastic deformation: experimental data and analysis of mechanisms." PNRPU Mechanics Bulletin, no. 2 (December 15, 2020): 85–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/perm.mech/2020.2.08.
Full textAbstract:
Wide opportunities of using fine-grained materials as structural and functional materials with advanced physical and mechanical properties have proved the importance of improving the existing technology and creating new processing methods and treatment conditions for such ma-terials. At the same time, a preliminary theoretical analysis using mathematical models gives an opportunity to significantly reduce the cost of such experimental studies. Thus, it is necessary to develop multilevel models of polycrystalline metals and alloys based on crystal plasticity with the description of structure, deformation mechanisms and refinement at various scale levels. To con-struct a correct model of such a class, it is necessary to analyze information and arrange a large amount of experimental data about grain structure refinement. The article presents a review of the experimental studies describing and analyzing the grain structure refinement during severe plastic deformations of various metal alloys. The refine-ment mainly occurs at low temperatures that are a priori lower than the temperatures at which re-crystallization becomes an important factor and the solid-state phase transitions may take place. We have summarized the significant physical mechanisms of the grain refinement during cold deformation based on the arranged experimental data from the review. All the considered articles pay attention to the local accumulation of lattice dislocations inside the grains (in the form of flat clusters), which leads to the lattice curvature and separation of grains into cells. As a result of a further accumulation of dislocations in the walls, there comes an increase in misorientation of the neighboring cells. The curved lattice is unstable (it seems clear that the flat clusters become a source of such curvatures) and relaxes with the formation and movement of the partial disclina-tions, which leads to the rotation of the adjacent grain regions and creation of new grain bounda-ries. In addition, the mesoscale defects located at the junctions of the grains (including the boundary intersection disclinations), flat clusters of the dislocations of the orientational mismatch at the grain boundaries and partial dislocations in the grains have a significant effect on the frag-mentation. The articles about the severe plastic deformation at high temperatures are briefly de-scribed here. It is noted that recrystallization is the main mechanism of the fine-grained structure formation under these conditions. We suggest including the description of the discussed mechanisms in the multilevel con-stitutive material models. When new experimental data appear for a specific process of the severe plastic deformation, the considered refinement mechanisms can be added.
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Horák, Marcel, František Novotný, Michal Starý, and Josef Černohorský. "Aspects of a Safety Operation of Service Robots on Glass Walls." Applied Mechanics and Materials 772 (July 2015): 461–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.772.461.
Full textAbstract:
The paper focuses on problems of the safety operation of service robots on glass facades of high-rise buildings exposed to a local additional load during the robot motion and any subsequent service operation (e.g. cleaning, diagnostics, mounting). Owing to afraid of a possible glass cracking and a subsequent destruction, the authors pay attention to an analysis of the strength of façade glass sheets being in contact with the robot holding-down vacuum system as well as with the supporting steel construction. With a view of appraising a state of stress, a computer model was build up respecting the real composition of façade glass, material properties and contact edge conditions. The paper presents achieved results by means of graphic outputs, and in conclusion, it discusses them with aim to supply owners of service robots from a sphere of the building administration a number of details.
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McInerney, Jeremy. "Politicizing the Past: The "Atthis" of Kleidemos." Classical Antiquity 13, no. 1 (1994): 17–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25011003.
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Jacoby's influential opinion that the Atthidographers were part of the political discourse of the fourth century has been the subject of revision in recent years. His critics have argued that the genre of Atthidography is primarily antiquarian and that to look for partisan political attitudes in the Atthides is a mistake. An examination of the work of Kleidemos, however, reveals a coherent presentation of the Athenian past designed to vindicate the democratic constitution and to demonstrate the close connection between the democracy and Athens' naval power. This emerges most clearly in Kleidemos's treatment of three important democratic heroes: Theseus, Kleisthenes, and Themistokles. By the fourth century, Theseus had already emerged as the most popular Athenian hero. His accomplishments were modeled in part on the deeds of Herakles and were recorded in vase painting and relief sculpture, and on the walls of the Stoa Poikile. Kleidemos presented a distinctive account of Theseus, emphasizing his role in founding the Athenian navy in preparation for the expedition to Krete. Kleidemos portrayed him as a leader capable of defending Athens and making peace with Athens' enemies, first the Kretans and later the Amazons. This is a king in the tradition of Euripides' Theseus in the Suppliants, the ruler of a free and democratic city. The connection between democratic leadership, Athenian might, and the naval power of Athens is also underscored in Kleidemos's handling of Kleisthenes. Again, the information provided by Kleidemos is distinctive, inasmuch as he reports that it was Kleisthenes who was responsible for the system of naukrariai, which he likens to the symmories of the fourth century. Unlike the version of the Ath. Pol., which imagines the Kleisthenic demes replacing the Solonian naukrariai, Kleidemos saw the demes and naukrariai as complementary divisions, the former organizing the state's resources for the upkeep of the navy, and the latter establishing the political basis for the democracy. Themistokles is also given unique treatment. Kleidemos records the anecdote according to which Themistokles was responsible for the Battle of Salamis because he found sufficient money to man the ships when the generals had run out of funds and had ordered the abandonment of the city. He used the disappearance of the gorgoneion of the statue of Athena as an excuse to ransack the baggage of the Athenians and collect enough wealth to pay the fleet. The story is as tendentious as the account in the Ath. Pol., which gives the credit to the Areopagos. Both versions demonstrate how Athens' past had become a battleground in the political debates of the mid-fourth century. Unlike the epitaphios logos with its emphasis on the eternal and unchanging glory of Athens, the "Atthis" of Kleidemos attempted to prove that the greatness of Athens rested historically on three foundations: the heroes of the democracy, the democratic constitution, and the navy.
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Flores Allende, Gabriel, and Francisco Ruiz-Juan. "Motivaciones de los estudiantes universitarios para nunca realizar actividades físico-deportivas de tiempo libre. El caso de la Universidad de Guadalajara (Reasons why the university students do not do any physical activity during their free time. In spec." Retos, no. 17 (March 9, 2015): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i17.34665.
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Varias han sido las investigaciones para conocer los motivos por el cual el alumnado universitario realiza o a ha abandonado la práctica de actividad físico-deportiva de tiempo libre. Sin embargo, han indagado las barreras en aquellos que no han participado nunca en dicha actividad, debido a las repercusiones negativas que genera la inactividad física. Sobre una población de 65.700 estudiantes de Educación Superior de la Universidad de Guadalajara México, se ha realizado un muestreo polietápico estratificado con afijación proporcional, resultando un muestra de 1.207 sujetos, lo que significa un margen de error de ±3% y un nivel de confianza del 95,5%. Para la recogida de datos se ha utilizando un cuestionario estandarizado aplicándose de forma auto-administrada. Entre los principales resultados, destacar qué, los sujetos inactivos mencionan como principal barrera para ser sedentario el no tener aptitudes para el deporte, la falta de tiempo, la flojera o pereza y la carencia instalaciones deportivas cerca del hogar. Siendo similares a los que afectan a otras investigaciones en poblaciones universitarias. Además, realizar estudios en algún centro temático o regional, pertenecer a uno u otro Centro Universitario no influye o determina los motivos por el cual, los estudiante no han practicado nunca actividades físico-deportivas en su tiempo libre. Siendo únicamente sedentarios, los alumnos que realizan estudios de licenciatura. Situación que obliga a poner mayor atención a este grupo de sujetos que en caso de no adherirse a la práctica, incrementara las posibilidades de mortalidad, inhabilidad y morbilidad.Palabra clave: motivaciones, universitarios, inactividad física.Abstract: There has been several investigations that try to explain why the university students barely do exercise or most of them have dropped all the outdoor activities during their free time. However, this investigations have gone beyond the walls specially with the students that never do any activity, the reason of this, is due to all the side effects that the physical inactivity has. From the University of Guadalajara in Mexico, a 65.000 college student population, it was taken a sample of 1.207 individuals. The sampling procedure for this research was stratified polietapic with proportional affixation; which resulted on a + 3 percent error margin and a trusted level of 95.5 percent. In order to collect the results of the poll, it was used a standard questionnaire applied in a auto-administrated way. Among the main results, it is important to highlight that the students that do not do any exercise emphasis that the reason of the lack of any activity is because they do not have the abilities to practice any sport, lack of free time, laziness or lack of sportive facilities near to their homes. These results are similar and have affected other investigations in the same manner the university students. Furthermore, the fact that a student studies in a thematic or regional center, or belong to a different university center does not affect or shows the reasons why the students do not do any physical activity during their free time. Being only the sedentary, the students that are studying a degree. This situation obligates us to emphasis and to pay more attention to this group of students, because in case of continuing without any physical activity, this could increase the rate of mortality, inability and morbidity.Key words: motivations, college students, physical inactivity.
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Kravtsova, I., and О. Lavryk. "SPATIAL-TEMPORAL ANALYSIS FORMATION OF THE STRUCTURE OF MODERN GARDEN-PARK LANDSCAPES OF RIGHT-BANK UKRAINE." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geography, no. 73 (2019): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2721.2019.73.8.
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The spatial and temporal analysis of the formation of the structure of garden-park landscapes of the Right-Bank Ukraine on the example of the National Dendrology Park “Sofiyivka” of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Alexandria Dendrological Park the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Sinitsky Park of Cherkassy region, Nemirovsky Park, Sokiletsky and Pechersk parks of Vinnitsa region were done in the article. The emphasis was placed on the spatial location of Right-Bank Ukraine, the peculiarities of natural conditions and the diversity of natural landscapes, which determined the attractiveness of the territory for its development by different peoples and ethnic groups. The boundary of the situation led to the interaction and overlay of Western European and Eastern European cultures, the material expression of which are garden-park landscapes. Garden-park landscapes are a special group of anthropogenic landscapes, which are composed of natural and technical blocks. The features of the technical block are determined not only by the natural conditions of the territory but also by the culture of the organization and creation of the garden-park landscapes that is characteristic of the corresponding historical period. It was noted that in the landscape structure of the old garden-park landscapes, there are a river, floodplain, sloping and watershed types of areas that are typical for the research area. Formation, functioning and development of gardens and parks are associated with the peculiarities of the socio-economic and historical development of the territory. The river-floodplain type of terrain is represented by tracts of rivers, ponds, islands, levelling surfaces, occupied by meadow vegetation. Mostly, the tracts of this type of terrain are complicated by such landscape-technical systems as bridges and dams. On average, the river-floodplain type of terrain accounts for 10 to 20% of the area of the garden park landscape. The sloping type of terrain includes a variety of simple and complex tracts with steep slopes of 50 to steep sloping walls. Busy, mostly, parked plantations and ray fields. Landscape-technical systems are represented by different types of stairs. This type of terrain accounts for the largest share of a garden-park landscape – from 60% to 90%. This fact is connected with the specifics of the organization of garden-park landscapes within the territory of Right-Bank Ukraine. Watershed type of terrain is represented by tracts of weakly wavy surfaces. It includes a park building, which is represented by various buildings. Regardless of the landscape style of planning the territory, within the limits of the water-type type of terrain, there are regular elements of the organization of the territory – they are alleys, parterals, bosqueets, etc. Up to 20% of the area of the landscape garden landscape belongs to the tract of the watershed type of terrain. It was concluded that most of the garden-parf landscapes of Right-bank Ukraine are now in poor condition. In order to preserve and improve the modern structure of garden-park landscapes, the following measures should be taken: to significantly expand their areas and improve the functioning of the infrastructure elements; to regulate the boundaries of garden-park landscapes and to pay more attention to their paragenetic and paradigmatic interconnections with the surrounding territories: to clearly outline the role and significance of existing and future garden-park landscapes in the structure of regional ecosystems.
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György, Horváth. "Adalékok Kondor Béla sors-történetéhez." Művészettörténeti Értesítő 69, no. 2 (2021): 171–256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/080.2020.00011.
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In the course of my research in archives – in search of documents about the history of the Art Foundation of the People’s Republic (from 1968 Art Fund) – while leafing through the sea of files in the National Archives of Hungary (MNL OL) year after year, I came across so-far unknown documents on the life and fate of Béla Kondor which had been overlooked by the special literature so far.Some reflected the character of the period from summer of 1956 to spring 1957, more precisely to the opening of the Spring Exhibition. In that spring, after relieving Rákosi of his office, the HWP (Hungarian Workers’ Party, Hun. MDP) cared less for “providing guidance for the arts”, as they were preoccupied with other, more troublesome problems. In the winter/spring after the revolution started on 23 October and crushed on 4 November the echelon of the HSWP (Hungarian Socialist Workers’ Party, Hun. MSzMP) had not decided yet whether to strike a league with extreme leftist artistic groups or to pay heed to Memos Makris (Hun. Makrisz Agamemnon), the ministerial commissioner designing the reform of the artists’ association and organizing the Spring Exhibition and to leave the artists – so-far forced into the strait-jacket of socialist realism – alone. I found some documents which shed bright light on the narrow-mindedness of the dogmatic artistic policy trying to bend the artists toward its goals now with the whip, now with milk cake.I start the series of recovered documents with a ministerial file dated summer 1956 on the decision to purchase Kondor’s diploma work (the Dózsa cycle). The next piece of good news is a record of the committee meeting in February 1957 awarding Kondor a Derkovits scholarship. This is followed by ministerial letters – mirrors of the new artistic policy – by a changed, truly partyist scholarship committee which apparently revel in lecturing talented Kondor who was not willing to give up his sovereignty, so his works were often refused to be bought on state funds for museums.In addition to whip-lashing documents, I also present a few which offered some milk cake: a letter inviting him to a book illustrating competition called by the Petőfi Literary Museum and one commissioning him to make the sheets on the Heves county part of a “liberation album”.Next, I put forth a group of illumining documents – long known but never published in details: the files revealing the story of the large panels designed for the walls of the “Uranium city” kindergarten in Pécs and those revealing the preparations for the exhibition in Fényes Adolf gallery in 1960 and the causes of the concurrent tensions – including texts on decisions to hinder the publication of Lajos Németh’s catalogue introduction.The last group includes futile efforts by architects to get Kondor commissions for murals. They give information on three possible works. Another for Pécs again (this time with Tibor Csernus), for works for a “men’s hostel” and on the failure of the possibility. The other is about works for Kecskemét’s Aranyhomok Hotel, another failure. The third is about a glass window competition for a new modern hotel to be built in Salgótarján, to which Kondor was also invited, but the jury did not find his work satisfactory in spite of the fact that the officials representing the city’s “party and council” organs, and the powerful head of the county and town, the president of the county committee of the HSWP all were in favour of commissioning him.Mind you, the architects’ efforts to provide the handful of modern artists with orders for “abstract” works caused headache for the masterminds of controlled art policy, too. On the one hand, they also tried to get rid of the rigidity of the ideologically dogmatic period in line with “who is not against us, is with us”, the motto spreading with political détente, and to give room to these genres qualified as “decoration”. On the other hand, they did not want to give up the figurative works of socialist contents, which the architects wanted to keep away from their modern buildings. A compromise was born: Cultural Affairs and the Art Fund remained supporters of figurative works, and the “decorative” modern murals, mosaics and sculptures were allowed inside the buildings at the cost of the builders.Apart from architects, naturally there were other spokesmen in favour of Kondor (and Csernus and the rest of the shelved artists). In an essay in Új Irás in summer 1961 Lajos Németh simply branded it a waste to deprive Kondor of all channels except book illustration, while anonymous colleagues of the National Gallery guided an American curator to him who organized an exhibition of Kondor’s graphic works he had packed into his suitcase in the Museum of Modern Art in Miami.From the early 1963 – as the rest of the explored documents reveal – better times began in Hungarian internal and cultural politics, hence in Béla Kondor’s life, too. The beginning is marked by a – still “exclusive” – exhibition he could hold in the Young Artists’ Studio in January, followed by a long propitiatory article urging for publicity for Kondor by a young journalist of Magyar Nemzet, Attila Kristóf. Then, in December Kondor became the Grand Prix winner of the second Graphic Biennial of Miskolc.From then on, the documents are no longer about incomprehensible prohibitions or at time self-satisfying wickedness, but about exhibitions (the first in King Stephen Museum, Székesfehérvár), prizes (including the Munkácsy Prize in April 1965), purchases, the marvellous panel for the Grand Hotel on Margaret Island, the preparations for the Venice Biennale of 1968, the exhibition in Art Hall/Műcsarnok in 1970 and its success, and Kondor’s second Munkácsy Prize.Finally, I chanced upon a group of startling and sofar wholly unknown notes which reveals that Béla Kondor was being among the nominees for the 1973 Kossuth Prize. News of his death on 12 December 1972, documents about the museum deposition of his posthumous works and the above group of files close the account of his life.I wrote a detailed study to accompany the documents. My intention was not to explain them – as they speak for themselves – but to insert them in the life-story of Kondor, trying to find out which and how, to what extent contributed to the veering of his life-course and to possibilities of publicity for his works. I obviously included several further facts, partly in the main body of the text, and partly in footnotes. Without presenting them here, let me just pick one or two.Events around the 1960 exhibition kindled the attention not only of the deputy minister of culture György Aczél, but also of the Ministry of the Interior: as Anikó B. Nagy dug out, they asked for an agent’s report on who Kondor was, what role he was playing among young writers, architects, artists, the circle around Vigilia and the intellectuals in general. Also: what role did human cowardice play in banning the panels for the Pécs kindergarten, and how wicked it was – with regulations cited – to ask back the advance money from an artist already hardly making a living with the termination of the Der ko vits scholarship. Again: what turn did modern Hungarian architecture undergo in the early sixties to dare and challenge the still prevalent culture political red tape? It was also a special experience to track down and describe the preparations for the Hungarian exhibition of the Venice Biennial of 1968 and to see how much caution and manoeuvring was needed even in those milder years to get permission for Béla Kondor (in the company of Tibor Vilt and Ignác Kokas) to feature in the pavilion. Finally, it was informative to follow the routes of Kondor’s estate as state acquisitions and museum deposits after his death which foiled his Kossuth Prize.