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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Paying for water

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Academic literature on the topic 'Paying for water'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Paying for water"

1

Middleton, J., and P. Saunders. "Paying for water." Journal of Public Health 19, no. 1 (March 1, 1997): 106–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.pubmed.a024569.

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Corssmit, C. Kees W. "Paying for Reuse Water." Journal - American Water Works Association 77, no. 7 (July 1985): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.1985.tb05571.x.

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Franceys, Richard. "Paying for water — urban water tariffs." Waterlines 9, no. 1 (July 1990): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/0262-8104.1990.023.

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Huby, Meg, and Karen Anthony. "Regional inequalities in paying for water." Policy Studies 18, no. 3-4 (December 1997): 207–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01442879708423733.

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5

Pigram, J. J. J. "Paying for healthy rivers." Water Science and Technology 45, no. 11 (June 1, 2002): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0382.

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Concerted efforts are being made at state and federal levels to restore Australia's rivers and waterways to a healthy condition. Yet, there is little consensus on what constitutes a ldquo;healthy river” and even less on how to achieve this, or how far to go towards restoration. Some advocate removal of storages and weirs along rivers to revert to some natural state. Others, particularly water users, question the trade-offs involved in leaving more water in the rivers and how the costs of restoration are to be met. At present it seems that the major share of the costs is borne by irrigators, with the wider community essentially enjoying a “free-ride”. This situation is justified on the basis of the impactor pays principle whereby water diversions, primarily for irrigation, are held to have contributed most to degradation of the river systems. The alternative - beneficiary pays principle - is of more relevance where demands are made on resource users to mitigate environmental impacts or bring about environmental improvements, eg. healthy rivers, where the beneficiaries are the wider public and the general community. Many resource users are voluntarily undertaking action on private land to conserve biodiversity and achieve sustainability. In these circumstances, the cost-sharing principle should apply, with governments, interest groups and the community contributing to the investment required to attain the desired resource condition objectives.

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6

Blore, Ian. "Paying for and Getting Water in Hyderabad City." Third World Planning Review 11, no. 1 (February 1989): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/twpr.11.1.557u109257q81057.

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Kayaga, Sam, John Calvert, and Kevin Sansom. "Paying for water services: effects of household characteristics." Utilities Policy 11, no. 3 (September 2003): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0957-1787(03)00034-1.

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8

Page, Ben. "Paying for water and the geography of commodities." Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 30, no. 3 (September 27, 2005): 293–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5661.2005.00172.x.

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9

Braga, Benedito P. F., Clarice Strauss, and Fatima Paiva. "Water Charges: Paying for the Commons in Brazil." International Journal of Water Resources Development 21, no. 1 (March 2005): 119–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0790062042000316848.

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10

Crabb, Peter. "Paying for water: there are no free drinks!" Australian Geographer 22, no. 2 (November 1991): 126–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049189108703038.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Paying for water"

1

Sennett, Evan James. "Sky Water: The Intentional Eye and the Intertextual Conversation between Henry David Thoreau and Harlan Hubbard." University of Toledo Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=uthonors1544635048555133.

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2

Wu, Zhifang. "Paying for sustainable natural resources management : the role of levies." 2009. http://arrow.unisa.edu.au:8081/1959.8/93170.

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Sustainable development is the modern rhetoric to guide environmental or natural resources management. There are many ways to do this and one concern the wider utilization of economic instruments, such as taxes or levies. Although such levies are becoming common in Australia and worldwide, the role of the taxes or levies is still limited. In many cases, these taxes/levies -although environmentally related- have a fiscal rather than a purely environmental motive, for example, the Natural Resources Management (NRM) Levy in South Australia. In South Australia, under the NRM Act 2004, all property owners are required to pay the NRM levy. Local governments collect the levy and distribute it to the relevant NRM board. The NRM boards have selected to calculate the levy on the basis of property value or simply applied a flat rate. The percentage of property value or the amount of the flat rate can vary amongst local government areas. How a tax or levy is designed should be determined by its ultimate purpose. Taxes or levies for fiscal and/or redistributive reasons should be designed in a way securing stable inflow of revenues, such as, levying on the values of property. However, this approach is often in sharp contrast with the goal of environmental taxes or levies which aim to change resource consumption behaviour. This study evaluates the NRM levy policy in South Australia using one NRM region and focussing on the urban community. The justification of this research is that few analyses of the effectiveness of environmental taxes or levies have ever been carried out, although the implementation of these measures has increased significantly during the last decades. There are fewer studies analysing the impacts of the tax or levy base method. This is the first study on this NRM levy policy from the perspective of the urban community who actually pay it. This study employed the Theory of Reasoned Action (Ajzen & Fishbein 1980) to examine the relationships between community attitudes to the levy policy and water consumption behaviour. Data was collected through a web-based survey with 770 respondents who answered 59 questions. The key findings show that governments are perceived to have the main responsibility for water resources management by respondents. However, there is huge information void towards the NRM levy policy. Community has few complaints about the levy level but strongly prefers to have a levy calculated on the volume of water consumed. Respondents also indicated that they would use less water if the levy were calculated on the volume of water consumed. The study makes contributions to relevant theory and policy analysis. Theoretically, the results show that the theory of reasoned action has limited strength in explaining the present research context. Practically, the study provides recommendations for policymakers and practitioners in South Australia, other Australian States, and internationally. The clear implications of the results suggest that if a tax or levy aims to change water consumption behaviour then it should be based on the volume of water consumed not on property value.

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Books on the topic "Paying for water"

1

Great Britain. Office of Water Services. Paying for water: The way ahead. Birmingham: OFWAT, 1991.

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2

Great Britain. Office of Water Services. Paying for water: A time for decisions. Birmingham: OFWAT, 1990.

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3

Sawkins, John W. Paying for water in Scotland: A distributional analysis. Edinburgh: Heriot-Watt University, 1998.

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4

Ireland, General Consumer Council for Northern. Paying for water: A General Consumer Council information paper. Belfast: General Consumer Council for Northern Ireland, 2003.

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5

Council, National Consumer. Paying for growth: Response to OFWAT consultation. [London]: National Consumer Council, 1993.

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6

Great Britain. Office of Water Services. Customer Service Committee for Wales. Report of the views of OFWAT Customer Services Committee for Wales on the consultation paper "Paying for water: a time for decisions". Cardiff: The Committee, 1991.

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7

Whittington, Dale. Paying for urban services: A study of water vending and willingness to pay for water in Onitsha, Nigeria. [Washington, D.C.]: World Bank, 1989.

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8

Wijk-Sijbesma, Christine van. What price water?: User participation in paying for community-based water supply : with particular emphasis on piped systems. The Hague: International Reference Centre for Community Water Supply and Sanitation, 1987.

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9

Whittington, Dale. Paying for urban services: A study of water vending and willingness to pay for water in Onitsha, Nigeria. (Washington, D.C.): World Bank, 1989.

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10

Great Britain. Office of Water Services. Paying for water: A time for decisions : a consultation paper issued by the Director General of Water Services on future charging policy for water and sewerage services. Birmingham: Ofwat, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Paying for water"

1

Lalika, Makarius C. S., Patrick Meire, and Yonika M. Ngaga. "Paying to Conserve Watershed Services in Pangani River Basin, Tanzania." In Conflict Resolution in Water Resources and Environmental Management, 63–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14215-9_4.

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Yawson, David O., Michael O. Adu, Paul A. Asare, and Frederick A. Armah. "Multifunctional Landscape Transformation of Urban Idle Spaces for Climate Resilience in Sub-Saharan Africa." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42091-8_214-1.

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AbstractPoor physical and land use planning underpin the chaotic evolution and expansion in cities and towns in sub-Saharan Africa. This situation amplifies urban vulnerability to climate change. Worse, urban landscapes are rarely considered part of the discourse on urban development in sub-Saharan Africa, let alone in climate change adaptation. Yet, landscapes are known to play crucial roles in social, economic, and cultural resilience in cities and towns. Hence, designing basic forms of appealing and functional urban landscapes that support multiple ecosystem services is essential to the drive towards resilience, which relates to the ability to maintain or improve the supply of life support services and products (such as food and water) in the face of disturbance. In this chapter, the idea of transforming idle urban spaces into multifunctional edible urban landscapes is introduced and explored as instrumental for cost-effective adaptation and resilience to climate change in cities and towns in sub-Saharan Africa. Multifunctional edible urban landscape is defined here as a managed landscape that integrates food production and ornamental design, in harmonious coexistence with other urban structures to promote or provide targeted, multiple services. These services include food security, scenic beauty, green spaces for active living and learning, jobs and livelihoods support, environmental protection, climate adaptation, and overall urban resilience. This approach constitutes a triple-win multifunctional land use system that is beneficial to landowners, city managers, and the general community. This chapter explores the benefits, challenges, and prospects for practically transforming urban idle spaces into multifunctional edible urban landscapes using an example project from Ghana. The chapter shows that multifunctional edible urban landscape transformation for resilience is practically feasible, and sheds light on the possibility of the food production component paying for landscaping and landscape management. It concludes with thoughts on actions required across sectors and multiple scales, including mobilizing stakeholders, laws, policies, and incentives, to actualize multifunctional edible urban landscapes as key transformational components of resilience in sub-Saharan Africa.

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Yawson, David O., Michael O. Adu, Paul A. Asare, and Frederick A. Armah. "Multifunctional Landscape Transformation of Urban Idle Spaces for Climate Resilience in Sub-Saharan Africa." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 2193–219. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_214.

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AbstractPoor physical and land use planning underpin the chaotic evolution and expansion in cities and towns in sub-Saharan Africa. This situation amplifies urban vulnerability to climate change. Worse, urban landscapes are rarely considered part of the discourse on urban development in sub-Saharan Africa, let alone in climate change adaptation. Yet, landscapes are known to play crucial roles in social, economic, and cultural resilience in cities and towns. Hence, designing basic forms of appealing and functional urban landscapes that support multiple ecosystem services is essential to the drive towards resilience, which relates to the ability to maintain or improve the supply of life support services and products (such as food and water) in the face of disturbance. In this chapter, the idea of transforming idle urban spaces into multifunctional edible urban landscapes is introduced and explored as instrumental for cost-effective adaptation and resilience to climate change in cities and towns in sub-Saharan Africa. Multifunctional edible urban landscape is defined here as a managed landscape that integrates food production and ornamental design, in harmonious coexistence with other urban structures to promote or provide targeted, multiple services. These services include food security, scenic beauty, green spaces for active living and learning, jobs and livelihoods support, environmental protection, climate adaptation, and overall urban resilience. This approach constitutes a triple-win multifunctional land use system that is beneficial to landowners, city managers, and the general community. This chapter explores the benefits, challenges, and prospects for practically transforming urban idle spaces into multifunctional edible urban landscapes using an example project from Ghana. The chapter shows that multifunctional edible urban landscape transformation for resilience is practically feasible, and sheds light on the possibility of the food production component paying for landscaping and landscape management. It concludes with thoughts on actions required across sectors and multiple scales, including mobilizing stakeholders, laws, policies, and incentives, to actualize multifunctional edible urban landscapes as key transformational components of resilience in sub-Saharan Africa.

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4

BRAGA, BENEDITO P. F., CLARICE STRAUSS, and FATIMA PAIVA. "Water Charges: Paying for the Commons in Brazil." In Water Pricing and Public-Private Partnership, 117–30. Routledge, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203970249-9.

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5

Hendershot, Cyndy. "The Shape of Water and the Cold War Revisited." In Cold War II, 129–39. University Press of Mississippi, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496831095.003.0007.

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The chapter analyzes Guillermo Del Toro’s Oscar-winning film and its relation to Cold War nostalgia. It claims that The Shape of Water reimagines Cold War America while paying homage to classic tropes of the 1950s. To specify, the film reimagines the classic horror/SF film for a twenty-first-century audience. While the same pathos for the creature exists as in the original that inspired it–The Creature from the Black Lagoon (1954)–Del Toro adds pointed social commentary that would not have been permitted in Hays Code America. The chapter explores how The Shape of Water pays tribute to The Creature from The Black Lagoon while serving as a statement and an update for twenty-first-century filmgoers.

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6

Alt, Susan M. "Histories of Greater Cahokian Assemblages." In The Historical Turn in Southeastern Archaeology, 61–81. University Press of Florida, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683401629.003.0004.

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Uncovering ancient Native American histories requires more than considering people, places, and events. It entails recognizing the full assemblage of human and nonhuman agents, forces, powers, affects and atmospheres—and how such were entangled with each other. Uncovering these histories requires considering the processes that drove them, but more, it requires recognizing places and things that particularly resonated because of special powers and vibrancies, that evoked powerful human responses. This requires paying attention to what the people we study believed and recognized, information accessible through material assemblages and oral histories. Alt considers Cahokian assemblages—mounds, caves, water, fire, stone, clay, human and nonhuman persons—to explore how history can be enriched and altered by historicizing an expanded assemblage.

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7

Metcalf, Gilbert E. "Business as Usual: What Are the Costs?" In Paying for Pollution, 23–34. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190694197.003.0003.

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This chapter describes the additional damages we will face if we don’t cut our carbon pollution. More frequent occurrences of extreme weather will cause more damages. We will also have to pay for stronger climate-proof infrastructure to adapt to new weather conditions and change our lifestyles to stay out of harm’s way. The chapter also addresses the uncertainties of climate change and suggests a way for climate skeptics to think about climate change. The example of Pascal’s Wager is used to illustrate why it is riskier not to act on climate change even in the face of uncertainty about the magnitude of the damages.

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8

Carlin, Richard, and Ken Bloom. "Becoming an Established Musician." In Eubie Blake, 28–51. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190635930.003.0002.

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This chapter relates Blake’s first trip to New York and his professional work there. Blake initially did not enjoy life in the big city, so returned to Baltimore for work at a series of social clubs. He finally found a good-paying job working for boxer Joe Gans at his hotel, The Goldfield, where he met the best elements of black society. A lifelong learner, Eubie took lessons from local musician/teacher Llewelyn Wilson, who taught him to compose without sitting at the piano. He courted Avis Lee, who came from a distinguished Baltimore family, eventually marrying here. He also found work in the booming entertainment capital of Atlantic City, NJ, where he met other pianists, including James P. Johnson and Luckey Roberts, and entertainers like Irving Berlin. Through Roberts, Eubie had his first two publications, the rags “Fizz Water” and “Chevy Chase.”

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9

Daxecker, Ursula, and Brandon Prins. "Governance and Piracy in Nigeria and Somalia." In Pirate Lands, 146–74. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190097394.003.0007.

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This chapter first describes geographic and temporal trends in the frequency of attacks in Nigeria and Somalia. It then reviews the development of piracy in both countries, paying particular attention to local governance capacity. Similarly to the analyses of Indonesia in Chapter 6, this chapter notes a clear curvilinear association between nighttime light emissions and sophisticated pirate attacks against steaming ships on the open water. The findings are stronger in Nigeria than in Somalia, but this is to be expected given low variance in local capacity across the Somali state. Significantly, the empirical evidence presented on Nigeria and Somalia supports the findings from Chapter 6. Pirates locate in spaces characterized by intermediate state capacity, places with some infrastructural development and elites who can be bribed to look the other way. The evidence presented in this chapter shows considerably less piracy in areas with very weak or very strong governance.

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10

Steele, Jenny. "11. Rylands v Fletcher and Strict Liability." In Tort Law. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198768807.003.0011.

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All books in this flagship series contain carefully selected substantial extracts from key cases, legislation, and academic debate, providing able students with a stand-alone resource. This chapter analyses the rule in Rylands v Fletcher on liability for damage done by the escape of dangerous things accumulated on one’s land, regardless of fault. It considers the problem in overlap between negligence and strict liability, and how the tort of negligence can impose liability in situations far removed from cases of individual fault, including the situations covered by Rylands v Fletcher. After providing an overview of the case of Rylands v Fletcher and the origins and elements of the rule, the chapter looks at the rule and its categorization and boundaries today, paying particular attention to two major English cases that treat Rylands as an aspect of nuisance: Cambridge Water Company v Eastern Counties Leather plc and Transco v Stockport MBC. Finally, it examines the Australian High Court’s decision in Burnie Port Authority v General Jones Pty Ltd.

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Conference papers on the topic "Paying for water"

1

Oztekin, Alparslan, Sudhakar Neti, and Ananchai Ukaew. "Effects of Nanoparticles and Polymer Additives in Turbulent Pipe Flow." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-40987.

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Spatial and temporal characteristics of turbulent pipe flows using nanofluids and dilute polymer solutions are examined by means of instantaneous differential pressure and velocity measurements. Spherical and elongated nanosilica particles (SiO2) are mixed into water to make nanofluid and polyacrylamide (PAC) is dissolved into water to make PAC solution. The effects of nanofluid on the drag reduction and turbulent structure are determined and compared with the effects of polymer additives on the turbulent structures and drag reduction. Suppression of turbulence near pipe wall was observed with the introduction of both spherical and elongated nanoparticles. Although experimental results show that nanofluids are not candidates for drag reduction unlike polymer additives, they do not increase pressure drop. Hence addition of nanoparticles into heat transfer fluids could have the potential for heat transfer enhancement in pipe flow without paying the penalty of increasing pumping power.

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2

Jafarabadi, Mazdak, Hamidreza Chamani, and Seyed Ali Jazayeri. "Improvement of a Diesel Engine Water Cooling Performance Through Implementation of Different Cooling Designs." In ASME 2013 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2013-19212.

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Improving engine cooling performance requires sophisticated and intelligent engine cooling design especially when interactions of all engine parts are to be considered. The cooling system would highly influence engine thermal efficiency, durability and engine design criteria. Several attempts have been made by engine designers to improve the cooling design during the past decades, each with particular purpose considerations. In this paper, based on the cylinder head flame face of an existing heavy duty medium speed diesel engine, three other flame face cooling systems are designed, modeled and changes are implemented using a three dimensional computer aided design modeling software. Modeled cylinder head flame face cooling concepts are experiencing the effect of cooling passages geometry changes on performance of thermal efficiency, effective subcooled regions and other resultant factors. A detailed coupled computational fluid dynamic and thermal finite element analysis for one cylinder bank assembly is performed several times; paying special attention to the risky areas to get comparative results to assess the flame face cooling designs. Engine specifications and loading conditions together with the engine performance data are available from test rig. Initial and boundary conditions have been determined through a global model simulation and analysis. The subcooled nucleate boiling heat transfer computation is carried out using the boiling departure lift-off model. In order to obtain the temperature for components under consideration, a comprehensive thermal analysis has been performed coupling with the detailed CFD analysis to reach an accepted value through transferring data between the CFD and FEA software. This method leads to an accurate prediction of the wall temperature and heat flux. It is observed that proper cooling design could improve wall temperature and thermal stress related phenomena significantly. The advantages and disadvantages of each concept are discussed and preferred flame face design is demonstrated. Calculated results of original design are validated with test cell records.

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3

Skejic, Renato, and Egil Jullumstrø. "Power Performance and Environmental Footprint of High-Speed Vessels in Calm Deep Water." In ASME 2012 31st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2012-83343.

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This paper reports a theoretical study of the power performance and environmental footprint of high-speed vessels in calm deep water, paying particular attention to a high-speed catamaran cargo vessel Faltinsen [1]. The power analysis uses a modified version of the method of Doctors and Day [2]. One modification to their approach is that the wave resistance and free surface wave profiles, have been numerically predicted using two different linear potential flow field theories; Michell thin-ship theory (Yeung and Wan [3]) and the 3D Rankine panel method (Hess and Smith [4]), respectively. We have based the latter method on the combination of the Dawson [5] upstream finite difference operator and the ‘staggered grid’ technique (Jensen et al. [6]). In addition, this paper shows how the viscosity effects modeled on the free surface layer influence the behavior of the wave resistance curves as predicted by Michell’s thin ship theory. This was done by adopting the approaches described by Tuck [7] and Lazauskas [8]. The wave resistance models were verified and validated using the examples of Wigley monohull (Lazauskas [8], Tarafder and Suzuki [9]) and catamaran (Yeung and Wan [3], Tarafder and Suzuki [10]) analytical forms, as well as on the Tuck parabolic strut (Tuck [7]). Furthermore, the resistance models were extended using free surface profile estimates at selected Froude numbers and applied to the case of a high-speed catamaran cargo vessel. The numerical results obtained were compared with published results and their accuracy and application feasibility is discussed from the perspective of preliminary high-speed vessel design. Based on the discussion above, suitable wave resistance models were selected and combined with the modified Doctors and Day [2] method giving the total resistance of the high-speed catamaran cargo vessel in the interval of Froude numbers. Having the estimates of total resistance, enables the effective power to be found. The results were compared with known results and were found to be in good agreement. Through combination of the effective power and propulsion factors, the brake power of the generic propulsion system is predicted. Taking into account the type of vessel being analyzed, the most common type of the propulsion diesel engine was selected. Finally, knowing the indicative environmental footprint of the selected engine, emission levels of Green House Gases (GHG) and solid particles were obtained. The emission results are further discussed in an ecologically friendly high-speed vessel design perspective (IMO [11, 19]).

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4

Dyakov, Alexander, and A. Kalashnik. "INTEGRATING OF GEORADAR ANS SEISMIC STUDIES OF THE TAILINGS DAM." In GEOLINKS Conference Proceedings. Saima Consult Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2021/b1/v3/49.

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Identification of water-saturated zones in the tailings dams is an actual scientific and practical task in terms of providing, first of all, their mechanical strength and filtration stability. The prevention of accidents in tailings is complicated by the circumstance that the processes of increased filtration, appearing and developing in the dam body, are not fixed on the initial stages by visual and traditional methods. Insufficiency, from the point of view of data completeness, of networks of piezometric boreholes on tailings dams does not allow solving the tasks of necessary information hydrological support. At the same time, the use of active- sounding geophysical study methods allows obtaining sufficiently detailed information about the peculiarities of the internal structure of the tailings dam and the degree of water saturation of the composing soils. A reasoned choice of geophysical methods, as well as their combination, allows increasing the level and reliability of obtained data at subsurface studies. The paper presents the results of in-situ experiments on the study of the tailings dam of the mining enterprise by different in nature wave GPR (georadar) and seismic methods. A comparative analysis of the conducted studies has allowed clarifying the internal structure and assessing the dam’s condition, paying special attention to the identification of local zones of increased water saturation and filtration. Based on the calculated correlation coefficient of electromagnetic and seismic wave velocity values, it was revealed that synchronization of geophysical surveys allows significantly increasing the reliability of in-situ determinations, as well as obtaining more reliable data. The results of the studies are the basis for predicting the most vulnerable places (zones) of a bulk ground hydraulic facility, as well as the localization of water-saturated areas in the body of the ground structures with greater reliability and performance.

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5

Chai, Juin-Fu, Fan-Ru Lin, Wei-Hung Hsu, Tzu-Chieh Chien, Zhi-Yu Lai, and Zhen-Yu Lin. "Experimental Study of Near-Fault Effect on Sloshing Mode of Storage Liquid in Tanks." In ASME 2019 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2019-93388.

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Abstract The long period velocity pulse is recognized as one of the characteristics of near-fault ground motions, and hence the response of vibration modes with lower frequencies will be amplified owing to the resonant effect. In general, the sloshing frequency of storage liquid is low and the period is similar to the pulse period of near-fault ground motions. Compared to the far-field ground motions, the induced sloshing height will be amplified by the near-fault ground motions. Therefore, it is worth paying attention to the resonant effect of near-fault ground motions on the sloshing mode of storage liquid in tanks. An experiment was implemented to study the resonant response of sloshing mode. The purpose of this experiment is to estimate the slosh height and the associated total volume of water splashing out of the tank under near-fault ground motions, and also to determine the relationship between the resonant response and the input velocity pulse. This paper aims to describe the test plan in detail, and it consists of (1) design of the scaled storage tank and water depth, (2) selection and processing of the input motions including the original near-fault ground motions, extracted velocity pulse or extracted bandpass signals for resonance analysis, and also impulse motion for free vibration, (3) setup of measure instrument, and (4) the experimental procedures as well. Preliminary analysis results are compared with the code-specified values that is determined by the industrial standards and guidelines for general seismic conditions. It is noted that the proposed prediction equation can be applied to the seismic design and evaluation of spent fuel pool in nuclear power plants.

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6

Marmonier, Geoffrey, Andrew Harrop, and Ludovic Lacan. "Improved Pipelay Equipment Settings Methodology for Rigid Pipes." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95475.

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Abstract Rigid pipelay vessels use two types of equipment to hold the pipe under tension while it is being deployed on the seabed: tensioners and hang-off clamps (HOC). Tensioners are used to maintain tension while paying out the pipe behind the vessel, while the HOC holds the pipe statically during welding operations. For both pieces of equipment, the tension is held through frictional pads in contact with the pipe. With the necessity to reach greater water depths leading to an overall increase of pipeline weights and stiffness (and therefore top tension), the installation of rigid pipelines has become more challenging. In other cases, such as pipe-in-pipe (PiP), carrier pipe wall thicknesses are often optimised as much as possible while lower grade materials are selected to reduce costs, making it more difficult to provide pipelay equipment settings that can satisfy both grip and pipe local integrity requirements. Simple hand calculations and basic equipment modelling are not sufficient to provide safe equipment settings and optimised allowable sea states. The new DNVGL-ST-N001 [1] (Marine Operations and Marine Warranty) also increases scrutiny on pipelay equipment and pipe interaction, making it imperative to develop more in-depth methodologies for settings calculation. This paper gives an overview of a robust methodology for pipelay equipment settings and demonstrates through practical examples how it improves safety while optimising operations, therefore enabling more efficient pipelay operations and reducing waiting on weather.

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Mentz, Stephanus, Mehdi Mehrabi, Mohsen Sharifpur, and Josua P. Meyer. "Humidification and Dehumidification Processes: Advantages and Disadvantages." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-50903.

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Desalination systems based on the Humidification Dehumidification (HDH) process come in a large variety of forms. They all operate in very similar manners, all requiring the evaporation of salt water and the condensation of pure, distilled water, in the same way clouds are formed every day. As engineers we must pursue the processes that have the best possible efficiency for the specific situation we find ourselves in. The purpose of this paper is to explore the various Humidification Dehumidification desalination processes and thermodynamically compare them with one another in order to determine which one of these processes has the most potential in specific environmental situations. This paper explores the advantages and disadvantages of all HDH processes as well as compare them with more common desalination methods like reverse osmosis. An in depth study of available literature is conducted, listed and explained regarding these HDH processes and their specific characteristics, focusing on the key points of efficiency, limiting factors and environmental effects. In some cases these processes, especially those utilizing the open air cycle or solar collectors, can be severely affected by environmental situations. The environmental situations can include high humidity environments, high temperature environments, high rainfall environments and of course the polar opposites of these situations and any combination of them. The paper takes into account these environmental effects and makes recommendations based on different environmental situations that can be found around the world. The HDH processes can obtain the energy they need to operate from various sources. Recommendations are also made with this in mind. Recommendations are also made regarding possible processes and specific design areas, which, in the in the writers opinion, should be the focus of improvements made by future designers are noted. Considering the efficiency limiting areas that cause bottlenecks in the processes, the writer prescribes possible ways to limit the effects of these bottleneck areas. The writer’s own recommendations regarding possible processes and possible improvements are also stated, paying attention to the recommendations already found in literature.

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Yang, Yijun, Alparslan Oztekin, Sudhakar Neti, and Satish Mohapatra. "Characterization and Convective Heat Transfer With Nanofluids." In ASME/JSME 2011 8th Thermal Engineering Joint Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajtec2011-44448.

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Heat transfer and flow dynamics of nanofluids are investigated in developing laminar pipe flows. Characterization of nanofluids is examined by measuring resultant effective particle size, thermal conductivity and viscosity for various values of particle concentrations and temperatures. Nanofluids considered in this study are diamond-graphene (ND-50) nanoparticle in silicone oil (Syltherm 800), and Al2O3 nanoparticles in DI water with and without dispersers/stabilizers. The particle size of various nanofluids is determined quantitatively from measurements using Dynamic Light Scattering device (DLS) and also determined qualitatively from SEM images. Thermal conductivity measurements are conducted by using nano-flash LFA447 device for particle volume fractions ranging from 0.8% to 5.1%. Measured values of thermal conductivity of all fluids at low concentrations agree well with the results predicted by Maxwell model. Viscosity measurements are conducted using parallel plate geometry Rheometrics viscometer at different concentration and temperature as a function of shear rate. At low shear rates the fluid behaves as a Newtonian fluid while it becomes a shear thinning fluid at higher particle concentration of the same nanofluid. There is a significant increase in the viscosity at even low concentrations. Viscosity of nanofluids is also a strong function of temperature at all values of concentration considered in this study. The significant increase in viscosity may diminish nanofluids’ application as an advanced heat transfer fluid. The effects of nanofluid on the drag reduction and heat transfer enhancement are determined and compared with the pressure drop and heat transfer coefficient measurements with the base fluids at the same flow conditions. Our experimental measurements indicate that the pumping power to flow nanofluids is nearly the same as the pumping power required to flow the same amount of base fluid although the viscosity of nanofluids are significantly higher. Convective heat transfer enhancement with the nanofluids is limited to 5% or slightly higher as has also been reported by other workers. Hence addition of nanoparticles into heat transfer fluids could have the potential for heat transfer enhancement in pipe flow without paying the penalty of increasing pumping power.

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San Andrés, Luis, Michael Rohmer, and Sangshin Park. "Failure of a Test Rig Operating With Pressurized Gas Bearings: A Lesson on Humility." In ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2015-42556.

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Process fluid lubrication of rotating machinery offers advantage of compactness and efficiency while dispensing with complicated oil lubricant supply systems. Prior work in a dedicated test rig demonstrated the performance of water lubricated radial and thrust bearings into high speed and high load conditions. The application related to a high performance rocket engine turbo pump. The test rig was revamped to operate with gas bearings in a program aiming to measure the performance of gas thrust bearings. The gas bearings for lateral support of the rotor are of hybrid type (hydrostatic/hydrodynamic) with flexure pivots and multiple ports for inlet gas pressurization. The paper details the design of the flexure pivot bearings and predictions of the lateral rotordynamics of the rotor supported on the hybrid gas bearings. Troubleshooting operation of the test rotor supported on the novel gas bearings followed with preliminary runs with the bearings supplied with air at 7.9 bar, then 6.5 bar and at 5.1 bar, and shaft speeds to 25 krpm (surface speed=50 m/s). The data recorded showed a very lightly damped system with a critical speed at ∼6 krpm, and susceptible to excite sub synchronous whirl motions when operating above the first critical speed. Ignoring the initial warnings, the operator persisted in operating the rotor to a high speed of 28 krpm while lowering the air supply pressure to 5.1 bar into the bearings. Suddenly, the shaft experienced large amplitude sub synchronous whirl motions, contacted the bearings, and produced a catastrophic failure. The incident produced much damage including a broken coupling, a twisted rotor, sheared covers, and welded pads into the bearing casing. Post-mortem analysis shows the failure is due to a sub synchronous whirl instability of the first rigid body rotor-bearing mode also exacerbated by the rotor approaching second natural frequency of the rotor-bearing system. The rotordynamics model includes the rotor rigidly connected to a long quill shaft and coupling produces results in agreement with the last vibration data set acquired prior to the incident. The experience demonstrates the need for following proper operating procedures while also paying attention to early evidence that could have prevented the mishap.

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Reports on the topic "Paying for water"

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Saline contamination of soil and water on Pawnee tribal trust land, eastern Payne County, Oklahoma. US Geological Survey, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri20004271.

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