Journal articles: 'Paying for water'

1

Middleton, J., and P. Saunders. "Paying for water." Journal of Public Health 19, no. 1 (March 1, 1997): 106–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.pubmed.a024569.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Corssmit, C. Kees W. "Paying for Reuse Water." Journal - American Water Works Association 77, no. 7 (July 1985): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.1985.tb05571.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Franceys, Richard. "Paying for water — urban water tariffs." Waterlines 9, no. 1 (July 1990): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/0262-8104.1990.023.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Huby, Meg, and Karen Anthony. "Regional inequalities in paying for water." Policy Studies 18, no. 3-4 (December 1997): 207–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01442879708423733.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Pigram, J. J. J. "Paying for healthy rivers." Water Science and Technology 45, no. 11 (June 1, 2002): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0382.

Full text

Abstract:

Concerted efforts are being made at state and federal levels to restore Australia's rivers and waterways to a healthy condition. Yet, there is little consensus on what constitutes a ldquo;healthy river” and even less on how to achieve this, or how far to go towards restoration. Some advocate removal of storages and weirs along rivers to revert to some natural state. Others, particularly water users, question the trade-offs involved in leaving more water in the rivers and how the costs of restoration are to be met. At present it seems that the major share of the costs is borne by irrigators, with the wider community essentially enjoying a “free-ride”. This situation is justified on the basis of the impactor pays principle whereby water diversions, primarily for irrigation, are held to have contributed most to degradation of the river systems. The alternative - beneficiary pays principle - is of more relevance where demands are made on resource users to mitigate environmental impacts or bring about environmental improvements, eg. healthy rivers, where the beneficiaries are the wider public and the general community. Many resource users are voluntarily undertaking action on private land to conserve biodiversity and achieve sustainability. In these circumstances, the cost-sharing principle should apply, with governments, interest groups and the community contributing to the investment required to attain the desired resource condition objectives.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Blore, Ian. "Paying for and Getting Water in Hyderabad City." Third World Planning Review 11, no. 1 (February 1989): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/twpr.11.1.557u109257q81057.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Kayaga, Sam, John Calvert, and Kevin Sansom. "Paying for water services: effects of household characteristics." Utilities Policy 11, no. 3 (September 2003): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0957-1787(03)00034-1.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Page, Ben. "Paying for water and the geography of commodities." Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 30, no. 3 (September 27, 2005): 293–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5661.2005.00172.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Braga, Benedito P. F., Clarice Strauss, and Fatima Paiva. "Water Charges: Paying for the Commons in Brazil." International Journal of Water Resources Development 21, no. 1 (March 2005): 119–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0790062042000316848.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Crabb, Peter. "Paying for water: there are no free drinks!" Australian Geographer 22, no. 2 (November 1991): 126–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049189108703038.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Bakker, Karen. "Paying for water: water pricing and equity in England and Wales." Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 26, no. 2 (June 2001): 143–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-5661.00012.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

THACKRAY, J. E. "Paying for Water: Policy Options and their Practical Implications." Water and Environment Journal 6, no. 4 (August 1992): 505–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1992.tb00780.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Romano, Giulia, and Andrea Guerrini. "Paying Returns to Shareholders of Water Utilities: Evidence from Italy." Sustainability 11, no. 7 (April 5, 2019): 2033. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11072033.

Full text

Abstract:

The debate about the role of corporations with regard to water also involves the influence that paying returns to shareholders could have on the investment policy of utilities, influencing the development of new infrastructure or the renewal of existing ones. This study investigated the dividend policy of water utilities by analyzing the data of 128 Italian firms during 2009–2014. Data show that the majority of utilities do not distribute any return to shareholders. On average, large utilities pay more frequent returns than medium-sized and small ones. Moreover, water utilities that are part of a group, multi-utilities, and those located in the center of Italy pay more frequent returns than do others. Southern firms usually do not pay returns. As expected, privately owned water utilities pay dividends more frequently and have higher returns to equity. In all the observed years, at least one-third of such utilities paid returns. Empirical results provide water regulators, water utility managers, and stakeholders with information that can impact future regulatory and managerial decisions related to management and strategic model choices in the water industry and how these decisions affect investments to improve water quality, water quantity, and/or water services.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Wadsley, Johanna. "‘God was a rotten plumber’: Common sense, moral economy and ‘financing water for all’." Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space 38, no. 4 (December 5, 2019): 674–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399654419888910.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper presents a fresh approach to empirical moral economy through a case study of ‘financing water for all’ in global water governance. The period 2007–2011 can be understood as a process of purposive, collective re-making that occurred as the professional sphere’s various actors deployed, resisted and realigned distinct constellations of ‘moral common sense’ around the socio-politically fraught issue of paying for water. The research found that global water governance actors demonstrated significant agency to transform the moral economy by disabling and enabling particular forms of moral common sense with specific socio-political outcomes in mind. Namely, to normalize paying for water by shifting the degree of acceptability of contentious financial instruments, economic mechanisms and governance strategies: water pricing and tariffs, cost recovery, and private sector participation. The ascendance of new forms of moral common sense around the social object of paying for water enabled a shift away from impasse in the politics of ‘financing water for all’, particularly in regards to the association between free (or cheap) water, and moral and human rights to water. Indeed, the new constellation of moral common senses can be understood as having ‘made sense’ of paying for water as a means of realizing rights to water, for self and others. This in turn appeared to enable the re-legitimization of the private sector as a global water governance actor.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Wang, Yahua, and Sicheng Chen. "Breaking the dilemma of agricultural water fee collection in China." Water Policy 16, no. 5 (July 11, 2014): 773–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2014.073.

Full text

Abstract:

Low agricultural water fee collection rates are a problem commonly faced by many developing countries and this is a problem faced by China as it enters the new century. There are two main problem-solving strategies used in different areas of China: increasing the water fee collection rate, or exempting people from paying the water fee. In those areas where the first strategy is pursued, local governments adopt multiple measures to improve collection rates, such as introducing water user associations and enhancing the transparency of irrigation management. Exempting people from paying a water fee is a new strategy, adapted to China's rapid economic growth and social transition. In those areas that are exempting people from paying water fees, the financial sustainability of irrigation facilities has to be taken seriously and new farmer-level water-saving mechanisms need to be explored. In this paper, China's agricultural water fee collection dilemma is analysed from both a practical and a theoretical perspective. It is argued that China should not simply adopt a single agricultural water fee collection model and that each local government should explore policies that are appropriate for the local situation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

PEARCE, MERYL, EILEEN WILLIS, and TOM JENKIN. "ABORIGINAL PEOPLE’S ATTITUDES TOWARDS PAYING FOR WATER IN A WATER-SCARCE REGION OF AUSTRALIA." Environment, Development and Sustainability 9, no. 1 (January 10, 2006): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10668-005-9001-8.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Pettenella, D., E. Vidale, P. Gatto, and L. Secco. "Paying for water-related forest services: a survey on Italian payment mechanisms." iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry 5, no. 1 (August 29, 2012): 210–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3832/ifor0626-005.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Gaff, Brian M., Stephen G. Huggard, and Gregory W. Carey. "Paying Bribes Abroad Will Get You in Hot Water in the US." Computer 46, no. 2 (February 2013): 11–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mc.2013.60.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Basile, Angelo, Pietro Pinacci, Silvano Tosti, Marcello De Falco, Claudio Evangelisti, Tiziana Longo, Simona Liguori, and Adolfo Iulianelli. "Water Gas Shift Reaction in Pd-Based Membrane Reactors." Advances in Science and Technology 72 (October 2010): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.72.99.

Full text

Abstract:

Water-gas shift reaction is an important industrial reaction, used for producing synthesis gas and ammonia as well as pure hydrogen for supplying at PEM fuel cells. In this work, an overview on water gas shift reaction performed in Pd-based membrane reactors is shown, paying particular attention to the influence on the performances of some operating variables such as reaction temperature, reaction pressure, H2O/CO molar ratio and sweep gas.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Farmer, Tessa. "Willing to Pay: Competing Paradigms about Resistance to Paying for Water Services in Cairo, Egypt." Middle East Law and Governance 9, no. 1 (June 7, 2017): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763375-00901002.

Full text

Abstract:

Though administrators and end-users are both dissatisfied with water pricing in Egypt, the two groups labor under competing paradigms about what is wrong about the system and why. Water sector agencies and experts from international organizations blame public unwillingness to pay for water at the door of mistaken notions of entitlement, arguing that users do not want to pay because they see water as a gift from the divine and have lingering expectations from a previous social contract requiring the state to provide basic services to citizens. In response to this framing of the problem, the state works to make visible the infrastructural systems that create potable water to justify water costs. This paradigm deliberately misses the point that it is access, quality and cost issues that drive public opposition to paying for water. Based on sixteen months of research in the informal settlement of Ezbet Khairallah in Cairo, Egypt, this article establishes that residents are, in fact, intimately aware of the material and bureaucratic realities of water systems. It is the dysfunctional system and the arbitrary payment systems that put the legitimacy of state claims into question. In this article, I argue that the Egyptian State’s focus on infrastructural legibility as a solution to payment resistance is a way to appear to address citizen concerns without accepting responsibility for continuing problems.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Banovec, P., and P. Domadenik. "Paying too much or too little? Pricing approaches in the case of cross-border water supply." Water Supply 18, no. 2 (July 6, 2017): 577–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2017.126.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Cross-border drinking water supply is often a solution for the emerging water crisis, related also to climate changes, but in several cases also a historical legacy of changing borders. It is challenged by the increased complexity of water supply management, mainly because of the doubled reality of administrative, legal, accounting and decision-making processes. Analyzed water pricing of existing cross-border utilities clearly demonstrates applied water pricing approaches mainly based on pure negotiation principles demonstrating different and often heavily asymmetric bargaining positions of partners. In order to overcome this situation applicable water pricing principles are presented. The model is demonstrated on real business cases of three water utilities from Central and South East Europe, but similar concepts are applicable for drinking water transfer between regions or municipalities in other countries.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Millar, Sophie, Megan O’Donoghue, Breige McNulty, Laura Kirwan, and Aideen McKevitt. "A cross-sectional observation on habitual non-alcoholic beverage consumption among adolescents from four Irish post-primary schools." Public Health Nutrition 20, no. 3 (September 26, 2016): 404–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980016002627.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractObjectiveNo up-to-date data on the dietary intake of Irish adolescents are available. The aim of the present pilot study was to obtain and compare cross-sectional information on habitual adolescent beverage consumption between four distinct post-primary schools in the Republic of Ireland, in 2014–2015.DesignA cross-sectional observation study. A beverage consumption questionnaire was used to obtain data on beverage intake and influences on consumption.SettingFour post-primary mixed-sex schools in Ireland representing the following school classifications were selected for the study: urban fee-paying, urban disadvantaged, rural fee-paying and rural disadvantaged.SubjectsStudents (n 761) aged 12–18 years.ResultsData were analysed by Kruskal–Wallis (non-parametric) ANOVA to compare the distribution of beverage consumption across the schools. Water was the most highly consumed beverage among students from all four schools (median 1425 ml/d). Students from urban and rural disadvantaged schools reported a significantly higher volume of carbonated beverage intake than students from fee-paying schools. Students from an urban disadvantaged school also reported a significantly higher volume of carbonated beverage and energy drink intake compared with the other three schools. Students from an urban fee-paying school reported the highest consumption of water, while rural disadvantaged school students were the biggest consumers of tea and milk.ConclusionsSignificant differences in beverage consumption (ml/d) were reported by adolescents from four schools in Ireland. Surveillance on current beverage consumption trends among adolescents is vital to guide policies and interventions, and for appropriate targeting of resources.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Arregui, F. J., J. Soriano, E. Cabrera, and R. Cobacho. "Nine steps towards a better water meter management." Water Science and Technology 65, no. 7 (April 1, 2012): 1273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.009.

Full text

Abstract:

The paper provides a comprehensive perspective of the critical aspects to be taken into account when planning the long-term management of water meters in a utility. In order to facilitate their quick understanding and practical implementation, they have been structured into nine steps. Ranging from an initial audit up to the final periodic meter replacement planning, these steps cover three aspects of the problem – field work, laboratory work and management tasks; and each one is developed in detail paying attention to the particular data needed and noting the practical outcome it will yield.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Wade, Alan. "Water, Health, Recreation and Tourism." Water Science and Technology 21, no. 2 (February 1, 1989): 297–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0067.

Full text

Abstract:

Tourists and holiday makers have a closer than “normal living” association with the water cycle. Tourists are particularly sensitive to the effects of changing water quality as almost any traveller can attest to. In this paper, we will be looking not at drinking water but at the health effects of water-based recreational pursuits. These pursuits range from taking a spa to eating shellfish in a polluted estuary (Table 1). Attention will be drawn to the very substantial costs to the tourist industry of not paying attention to water quality problems. Water quality problems are often easily dealt with, so their continued existence can reflect badly on the leisure industries.TABLE 1Recreational WatersClosed or Controlled Recreational WatersSwimming pools, spas, slides, float tanks, wavepools and hydrotherapy pools.Open Recreational WatersBeaches, estuaries, lakes and streams.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Kapanski, Alexei, Nadezhda Hruntovich, Siarhei Bakhur, Larisa Markaryants, and Leonid Dolomanyak. "Optimize the cost of paying for electricity in the water supply system by using accumulating tanks." E3S Web of Conferences 178 (2020): 01065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017801065.

Full text

Abstract:

The article considers the method of optimizing the pumps in the water supply system of the first water rise station in the zones of the day, where there is a different system of payment for electric energy. To assess the regulatory capacity of pumps on a temporary parameter, the authors of the article propose to use existing water tanks in the water supply system, which act as a buffer, smoothing the unevenness of water consumption. The studies have revealed that the comprehensive optimization of pumps on the criterion of minimizing specific electricity consumption by lifting water and optimizing the operation of pumps in the zones of the day allows to significantly improve energy efficiency and reduce the cost of extraction and transportation of water to the consumer. In the article, the authors examine an algorithm that allows us to assess the economic potential of pump regulation in the real-world conditions of the system.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Ranganathan, Malini. "Paying for Pipes, Claiming Citizenship: Political Agency and Water Reforms at the Urban Periphery." International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 38, no. 2 (May 27, 2013): 590–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.12028.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Cai, Yan Bing, and Peng Liu. "The Research on the Provision of the Safety Drinking Water in the Rural Area — The Case of Zhejiang Province." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 3748–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.3748.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract: As the living standarda are improving constantly, people are paying more attention to the supplying of safety drinking water. In the rural areas, people are worried about the problem of drinking water supplying. This thesis is taking the rural areas in Zhejiang province as an example to discuss the existing problems of the supplying of drinking water and the options to deal with these problems.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Pryambodo, Dino Gunawan, Joko Pihantono, Reiner Arief Troa, and Eko Triarso. "Identifikasi Akuifer Dangkal di Pulau Terdepan NKRI dengan Menggunakan Metode Geolistrik 2D: Studi Kasus Pulau Laut, Kab. Natuna." EKSPLORIUM 37, no. 1 (May 31, 2016): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17146/eksplorium.2016.37.1.2667.

Full text

Abstract:

Kebutuhan akan air bersih untuk menunjang aktivitas masyarakat di bidang perikanan di pulau terluar sangat diperlukan karena di lokasi tersebut kondisinya minim sumber air tawar. Penelitian geofisika dengan metode Geolistrik 2D telah dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasikan keberadaan akuifer di Pulau Laut, Kabupaten Natuna sebagai pulau terluar dari wilayah Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia (NKRI). Pengukuran di lapangan dengan enam lintasan geolistrik 2D menggunakan konfigurasi Wenner, bentangan kabel 160 meter, untuk mendapatkan kedalaman penetrasi 26,9 meter di bawah permukaan. Data tahanan jenis di Pulau Laut digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi keberadaan akuifer di daerah penelitian. Akuifer berada pada kedalaman yang bervariasi di dekat permukaan dengan kedalaman 2,5 – 13 m di jalur utara, jalur PDAM, dan jalur Air Paying; 12 – 26,9 m di jalur Kadur, jalur Air Bunga, dan jalur Air Paying. Nilai tahanan jenis untuk setiap akuifer bervariasi di setiap jalur. Nilainya berkisar antara 0,651 – 14 Ωm. Litologi penyusun akuifer adalah satuan batupasir di jalur Kadur, Air Bunga, Talaga Tasik dan Air Paying; batulanau di jalur PDAM; dan batugamping di jalur utara. The need for fresh water to support community activities in the field of fisheries on the frontier island is necessary because this location has minimal condition to the source of fresh water. Geophysical research with 2D geoelectrical methods conducted to identify the aquifers in the area of Pulau Laut, Natuna Regency as the frontier island of United Country of Republic Indonesia (NKRI). In field, measurement is using six 2D geoelectric lines with Wenner configuration and 160 m cable stretching to obtain 26.9 m sub-surface depth penetration. Resistivity data in Pulau Laut used to identify the aquifer presence in research area. Aquifers are located on varies depth near the surface with a depth of 2.5 – 13 m in north line, PDAM line, and Air Paying line; 12 – 26.9 m in Kadur line, Air Bunga line, and Air Paying line. Resistivity value for each aquifer varies for each line. They are ranging from 0.651 – 14 Ωm. Lithologies, composing the aquifer, are sandstone unit in Kadur, Air Bunga, Talaga Tasik, and Air Paying lines; silstone in PDAM line; and limestone in the north line.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Bosch, Darrell J., James W. Pease, Robert Wieland, and Doug Parker. "Perverse Incentives with Pay for Performance: Cover Crops in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 42, no. 3 (December 2013): 491–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1068280500004950.

Full text

Abstract:

Policymakers are concerned about nitrogen and phosphorus export to water bodies. Exports may be reduced by paying farmers to adopt practices to reduce runoff or by paying performance incentives tied to estimated run-off reductions. We evaluate the cost-effectiveness of practice and performance incentives for reducing nitrogen exports. Performance incentives potentially improve farm-level and allocative efficiencies relative to practice incentives. However, the efficiency improvements can be undermined by baseline shifts when growers adopt crops that enhance the performance payments but cause more pollution. Policymakers must carefully specify rules for performance-incentive programs and payments to avoid such baseline shifting.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Wang, Yumin, Guangcan Zhu, and Zhonglian Yang. "Analysis of water quality characteristic for water distribution systems." Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination 9, no. 2 (December 26, 2018): 152–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2018.045.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Since governments all over the world are paying more attention to water quality in water distribution systems (WDS), a method based on mass balance and first-order chlorine decay model was proposed to assess the efficiency of WDS involving water quality (represented by residual chlorine). The concepts of surplus chlorine factor (S) for nodes in individual pipes and comprehensive surplus chlorine factor (CS) for nodes in WDS were put forward to represent the water quality characteristic of nodes in WDS based on the assumption that the structure of the pipe network and quantity of chlorine dose are definite. The proposed method was applied to two examples of WDS and sensitivity analysis regarding chlorine decay coefficient (k0) was discussed. The results indicated that values of CS for nodes in WDS are affected by the inflow of nodes, which is determined by water demand and pipe length from water sources to nodes. In addition, the value of CS increases with k0 when the inflow of the node is larger than the optimized inflow. The results verified that the deduction of S for a single pipe can be generalized to WDS, and can measure the water quality characteristics for nodes in WDS easily.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Willis, K. G. "Paying for heritage: what price for durham cathedral?" Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 37, no. 3 (January 1994): 267–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09640569408711975.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Ahmed and Araral. "Water Governance in India: Evidence on Water Law, Policy, and Administration from Eight Indian States." Water 11, no. 10 (October 4, 2019): 2071. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11102071.

Full text

Abstract:

Water governance is a widely acknowledged as an important factor for sustainable development. This study attempts to assess if the water governance in eight Indian states has improved after the announcement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We utilize the Institutional Decomposition and Analysis (IDA) framework developed by Saleth and Dinar. Using survey data from two periods and 152 respondents, we calculate the scores on 17 indicators of water law, policy, and administration. We found that average scores on water law, policy, and administration have increased between the first and the second survey. We attributed this improvement to the fact that the Indian government is paying special attention to the provision of clean drinking water after the announcement of the SDGs. We also calculated nominal and weighted water governance indices (WGIs) for eight Indian states. This study made an important contribution to the existing water governance literature by capturing improvements in the water governance scores of eight Indian states after the announcement of the SDGs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Pritchard, Jeremy, Sam Winch, and Nick Gould. "Phloem water relations and root growth." Functional Plant Biology 27, no. 6 (2000): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp99175.

Full text

Abstract:

In this paper the biophysical basis of cell expansion is described, paying particular attention to the waterrelations that underpin the process. The connection of growing root cells to the rest of the plant will be addressed and possible control points in the hardware identified. Examples of environmental modification of root extension, and therefore water and solute import, are given, and the relationship with current accepted theories of solute translocation discussed. The opportunities for delivery of solutes and water to be regulated by the growing root itself will be considered, in particular the dual role of cell wall loosening in decreasing both sink cell turgor and water potential. We conclude that a significant proportion of the water for cell expansion can enter growing root cells through the phloem. The physiological data presented rule out alterations in the turgor pressure difference between sieve element and cell as a modulator of solute flux. The plasmodesmata are identified as the major control point of solute flux along the symplastic pathway.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Fredengren, Christina. "Personhood of Water: Depositions of Bodies and Things in Water Contexts as a Way of Observing Agential Relationships." Current Swedish Archaeology 26, no. 1 (June 10, 2021): 219–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.37718/csa.2018.13.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper stems from a curiosity about relationships between water, depositions, life, death and sacrifice. It probes into how traditional binaries such as nature/culture, human/animal, alive/dead and language/reality were addressed in Irish medieval place lore, using critical posthumanist theory to explore ways in which agential powers were not merely ascribed to the environment, but also observed and acknowledged by people in the past. It also considers how the agentialities of both artefacts and waters could have affected and made their way into human storytelling. In so doing, the paper presents a contribution from archaeology to the emerging field of environmental humanities, offering research that could entice us to sharpen our environmental sensibilities and respond to environmental change. Depositions of things and bodies in wet contexts are often understood as sacrifices made to deities located in the otherworld. However, there is plentiful evidence in archaeology and in medieval place-lore to suggest that waters were observed as being alive, as immanent beings, as more-than-human persons who could have received these depositions as gifts. This study explores how depositions would have added to and reconfigured such water-personhood in locally and regionally-situated ways, and how they may also have worked as apparatuses for paying close attention to the water environment.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Suherman, Yanni. "SISTEM INFORMASI MANAJEMEN PENGOLAHAN DATA DI BALAI WILAYAH SUNGAI SUMATERA V KEMENTERIAN PEKERJAAN UMUM DAN PERUMAHAN RAKYAT." Jurnal Sains dan Informatika 4, no. 2 (November 28, 2018): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.22216/jsi.v4i2.3782.

Full text

Abstract:

<p><em>RESEARCH THAT THE AUTHOR DID IN THE SUMATRA RIVER REGION HALL V MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS AND PUBLIC HOUSING OF WEST SUMATRA PROVINCE AIMS TO BUILD AN INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR DATA PROCESSING PAYING ORDERS AND FUND DISBURSEMENT WARRANTS. THE METHOD USED IS A FIELD STUDY THAT IS CONDUCTING DIRECT INTERVIEWS WITH COMMITMENT MAKING OFFICIALS OF GROUNDWATER AND RAW WATER I, THEN STUDY LIBRARIES AND LABORATORY STUDIES USING VB.NET 2013. THE RESULTS OF THE RESEARCH ARE TO FACILITATE THE DATA PROCESSING. SO THAT CONCLUSIONS CAN BE OBTAINED, WITH THIS MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM, IT CAN FACILITATE THE PROCESSING DATA OF PAYING ORDERS AND FUND DISBURSEMENT WARRANTS TO PRODUCE INFORMATION AND REPORT MAKING CORRECTLY, QUICKLY AND ACCURATELY.</em></p>

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Mesa, Aníbal, Hugo Luna-Soria, and José Luis Castilla. "Water and modernization styles: measuring territorial knowledge based on water management policies in Santiago de Querétaro (Mexico)." Water Policy 18, no. 6 (May 13, 2016): 1473–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2016.013.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper explores the relation that the inhabitants of an urban space, in this case the city of Querétaro, Mexico, establish with the water supply system. In particular, it seeks to understand the way in which the supply-side policies are configuring the relation that subjects keep with the territory around them. For this purpose, four variables (educational level, land value, housing legal status and development goals) are crossed with the existing knowledge about the water supply system, paying special attention to the differences among different city areas. The final goal is to understand how water modernization policies are affecting the links between subjects and territories. The results express that in the areas where those policies are more deeply consolidated, the links with territory are weaker, generating weakness in the ability to articulate management alternatives. Another weakness lies in the ability to create a much more active role of the subjects in their relation with water and its management as a basic resource.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Tosun, Jale, and Ulrike Scherer. "Attention and Water Governance: An Agenda-Setting Perspective." Water 12, no. 8 (July 28, 2020): 2138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12082138.

Full text

Abstract:

The concept of agenda-setting has resulted in vibrant research in political science. The aim of this Special Issue is to advance the state of research on water governance by alluding to the possibilities for applying this particular theoretical perspective to water issues. Agenda-setting concerns how and when issues enter the public debate (discussion agenda) or are taken into account by policymakers with a view to proposing policies (decision agenda). Simply put, agenda-setting is about the process of drawing or paying attention to certain issues. Despite the intuitiveness of this concept, the underlying political and societal processes related to water governance are complex and require careful research designs in order to realize the full potential of agenda-setting research. The contributions to this Special Issue combine theoretically convincing research on agenda-setting with research on issues in water governance.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Birkás, Márta, Danijel Jug, Ivica Kisić, Katalin M. Kassai, Ákos Tarnawa, and Márton Jolánkai. "Water Management Within the Soil-Plant System – A Challenge for the 21st Century." Acta Horticulturae et Regiotecturae 24, s1 (May 1, 2021): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ahr-2021-0004.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Water is the most essential substance regarding the physiological processes of any living system. Agricultural activities and global food security are highly influenced by water availability. The value of water and water resources already exceeds that of energy sources today. The water-related concepts are very diverse in agricultural relations. The aim of this paper was to revive some terms related to water and discuss their importance in soil-plant systems. In this paper, eight phrases were selected paying attention to the importance of water management, namely soil water management, soil moisture range for workability, rain stress, water logging, water shortage, irrigation, water intake and water loss, avoiding water loss and reply to climate change phenomena. Findings of water management research point to a relationship between soil quality and improvement of water intake capacity, parallel with climate stress mitigation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Narain, Vishal, Sumit Vij, and Aman Dewan. "Bonds, Battles and Social Capital: Power and the Mediation of Water Insecurity in Peri-Urban Gurgaon, India." Water 11, no. 8 (August 2, 2019): 1607. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11081607.

Full text

Abstract:

This article describes the role of social capital and power as a significant underlying factor influencing water security in peri-urban Gurgaon. The article shows how differential access to social capital shapes differential access to water. In peri-urban contexts, communities that lack access to water mobilise their social capital to enhance their water security. We use the concepts of power and social capital to explain how the actors interact in peri-urban Gurgaon, paying attention to which social groups are powerful and how the powerless use social capital to adapt to changing resource access and usage. We conclude by drawing theoretical- and policy-relevant insights from the field.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Zimnicki, Thomas, Timothy Boring, Grey Evenson, Margaret Kalcic, Douglas L. Karlen, Robyn S. Wilson, Yao Zhang, and Jennifer Blesh. "On Quantifying Water Quality Benefits of Healthy Soils." BioScience 70, no. 4 (February 19, 2020): 343–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biaa011.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Despite decades of research demonstrating links between many agricultural practices and water quality, the ability to predict water quality on the basis of changes in soil health remains severely limited. By better understanding how soil health affects downstream water quality, researchers and policymakers could prioritize different conservation practices while exploring more innovative soil health management strategies. Focusing on the Great Lakes region, we describe the value and challenges of different approaches to linking soil health and water quality, specifically applying nitrogen and phosphorus mass balances and adapting simulation models to better incorporate changing soil health conditions. We identify critical research needs, including paying greater attention to a broad suite of conservation practices and to biological indicators of soil health. We also discuss key barriers to farmer adoption of conservation practices from field to national scales, highlighting that improved scientific understanding alone is insufficient to drive widespread change.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Amano, Iwato, Kiyo Kurisu, and Keisuke Hanaki. "Evaluation of consumers’ preferences on drinking waters considering the information provision effect." Water Supply 16, no. 4 (February 27, 2016): 1057–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2016.019.

Full text

Abstract:

Despite a high drinkable quality, many people avoid tap water because of vague anxiety about its safety. Conjoint analysis (CA) was conducted to determine what factors are considered important for consumers’ selection of drinking water. The information provision effect was also investigated inside CA profiles using different model equations. Results indicate that the perception of the safety of tap water was much lower than that of other waters. Higher levels of water hardness and cancer risk negatively influenced selection of drinking water, while third-party certifications about taste and safety positively impacted it. When cancer risk was shown in a CA profile, the weight given to other attributes decreased. Among different socio-demographic groups, gender was important in establishing drinking water preferences with men paying less attention to the benefits of water-dispensers and certifications from third parties. Besides, age also has some influence on drinking water selection. People's consciousness of taste, safety, cost, and handling for drinking water were assessed using an analytic hierarchy process and the scores were incorporated in a CA equation. The results suggest that improving people's perceptions of the taste and safety of tap water can promote consumers’ selection of tap water as drinking water.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Godfrey, Sam, and Libertad Gonzalez. "The key focus on challenging environments should be technological, paying special attention to physical design and construction." Waterlines 29, no. 3 (July 2010): 181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/1756-3488.2010.019.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Bedia, Jorge, Virginia Muelas-Ramos, Manuel Peñas-Garzón, Almudena Gómez-Avilés, Juan Rodríguez, and Carolina Belver. "A Review on the Synthesis and Characterization of Metal Organic Frameworks for Photocatalytic Water Purification." Catalysts 9, no. 1 (January 7, 2019): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9010052.

Full text

Abstract:

This review analyzes the preparation and characterization of metal organic frameworks (MOFs) and their application as photocatalysts for water purification. The study begins by highlighting the problem of water scarcity and the different solutions for purification, including photocatalysis with semiconductors, such as MOFs. It also describes the different methodologies that can be used for the synthesis of MOFs, paying attention to the purification and activation steps. The characterization of MOFs and the different approaches that can be followed to learn the photocatalytic processes are also detailed. Finally, the work reviews literature focused on the degradation of contaminants from water using MOF-based photocatalysts under light irradiation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Jamir, Chubakumzuk. "Urbanisation and Infrastructural Development in Nagaland: A Case Study of Kohima and Mokokchung District." International Journal of Business, Technology and Organizational Behavior (IJBTOB) 1, no. 4 (August 12, 2021): 313–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.52218/ijbtob.v1i4.119.

Full text

Abstract:

Urbanisation is now becoming a global phenomenon, high rate of population growth; declining opportunities in rural areas and shift from stagnant and low paying agriculture sector to more paying urban occupations, largely contribute to urbanization process. This paper studies the level of physical and social infrastructural progress in Kohima and Mokokchung districts using seven indicators such as education institution, health, banking, postal service, water supply, surface road cover and electricity. Research survey was conducted in Kohima and Mokokchung in 2017-18. The sample wards were selected using random sampling methods. The data’s collected were than analyzed using Principal Components Analysis Model. The findings shows that 50% of urban areas are in developed and 37.5% in moderately developed and 12% in less developed with regard to surface road, medical facilities, education, postal service, banking and water supply. The study highlights that urbanisation has positive impact on infrastructure development in sample districts. The study also found the urban areas of Kohima are in leading position than Mokokchung with regard to social and physical infrastructure. The paper concludes by suggesting suitable policies for developing and less developed areas. Keywords: Urbanisation, Social and Physical Infrastructure

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Al-Kadhomiy, N. K., and G. M. Hughes. "Histological study of different regions of the skin and gills in the mudskipper, Boleophthalmus boddarti with respect to their respiratory function." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 68, no. 3 (August 1988): 413–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400043319.

Full text

Abstract:

Gills are the typical respiratory organ of fish in their usual habitat of well-aerated water. The transition from water- to air-breathing required many modifications to the structural and physiological adaptations of the gas-exchange surfaces, i.e. gill, skin, swimbladder and other accessory organs of the alimentary canal. The skin is particularly important among air-breathing fish. This histological study showed varying degrees of adaptation of parts of the skin from different body regions, paying particular attention to the water/blood barrier. The results suggest a general importance in gas exchange in the following order: gill, inner operculum, nasal, body and outer opercular skin, as indicated by increasing thickness of the water/blood barrier.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Kovac, Martin, and Katarina Knizova. "Comparison between Energy Performance of Building and Investments to the Renewable Energy Sources." Advanced Materials Research 1020 (October 2014): 518–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1020.518.

Full text

Abstract:

The subject of the paper is to calculate the energy performance of building in proposed variants. The differences in the variants are in the using of conventional and renewable sources for heating and domestic hot water system. Target of the second part of paper is to know, how much money we need to invest into the proposed variants for heating and domestic hot water systems and how much money will by the user paying for operating costs. The conclusion of the paper describes the payback periods of proposed variants.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Pirngadi, Rahmat Suryanto. "Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kesediaan Petani Dalam Membayar Jasa Lingkungan Air Padi Sawah." Agrifo : Jurnal Agribisnis Universitas Malikussaleh 4, no. 1 (July 5, 2019): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/ag.v4i1.1541.

Full text

Abstract:

The Air Sarap Sub-watershed is a sub-watershed located in Samadua Subdistrict, South Aceh Regency, where water from the Air Sarap Sub-watershed has been used for domestic household needs and rice field water supply needs. The impact of forest encroachment and land conversion on upstream sub-watersheds causes droughts in the dry season and floods in the rainy season, where floods that come in the rainy season destroyed most community infrastructure, such as houses, roads, bridges and agricultural irrigation which provide supply community wetland water. This research aims to analyze and determine factors that influence rice field farmers in paying for environmental services in the Air Sarap Sub-watershed which has been functioning as a water supplier in lowland rice farming

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Varlam, Carmen, Ioan Stefanescu, Mihai Varlam, Irina Popescu, and Ionut Faurescu. "Applying the Direct Absorption Method and LSC for 14C Concentration Measurement in Aqueous Samples." Radiocarbon 49, no. 2 (2007): 281–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003382220004220x.

Full text

Abstract:

We investigated a simple, reliable radiocarbon measurement procedure for water samples using the direct absorption method for sample preparation, followed by low-level liquid scintillation spectrometry. This process has involved quantitative evaluation of the conversion steps in order to estimate the appropriate working parameters. The 14C activity of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) for several types of water (ranging from seawater to groundwater) has been measured, paying attention to the preparation requirements of each type of water. The main advantage of this method is the simplified sample preparation, allowing measurement of a great number of samples in less time. This method was designed for routine analysis of water samples, and it is proposed particularly for use in 14C monitoring programs of CANDU-type reactors.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

BROCKINGTON, DAN. "Ecosystem services and fictitious commodities." Environmental Conservation 38, no. 4 (November 3, 2011): 367–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892911000531.

Full text

Abstract:

There is a great deal of discussion in conservation about the possibility of quantifying and paying for the services to societies that nature performs. Functions such as carbon sequestration and water provision can be valued and payments made for them. Advocates argue that payments for ecological/environmental services (PES) will generate substantial sums, render environmental values legible to politicians and make protecting nature common sense to rational people.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Huby, Meg. "Water Poverty and Social Policy: A review of issues for research." Journal of Social Policy 24, no. 2 (April 1995): 219–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279400024880.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACTAbundant evidence exists to suggest that increasing numbers of people in England and Wales are facing difficulties in paying for water services. The reasons for these difficulties and their consequences are not easy to disentangle yet it is essential to understand them if policies for their alleviation are to be developed in the context of increasing costs of water service provision. This article suggests how social policy research can address the main issues at three levels: first by looking at economic, environmental and political considerations underlying increasing costs, the need for water conservation and changes in charging systems; second, by understanding how ability to pay depends not only on the resulting size of water bills, but also on income levels and access to organisational arrangements to help with payments; and third, by examining the impacts of inability to pay – debt and disconnection – on living standards, health and well-being.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Paying for water'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles