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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Payment institution'
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Diop, Mame Mariama. "La sécurisation du marché des services de paiement." Thesis, Lille 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL20007/document.
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La transposition de la directive relative aux services de paiement du 13 novembre2007 en droit français est à l’origine de la création d’une nouvelle catégorie d’acteurs bancaires : l’établissement de paiement. La fourniture de services de paiement cesse ainsi d’être du domaine exclusif des établissements de crédit pour devenir l’activité principale des établissements de paiement. S’il est vrai que cette nouvelle répartition des activités bancaires ébranle le monopole bancaire, elle n’y met cependant pas fin. Pour une meilleure lisibilité et un contrôle plus efficace des acteurs, il est proposé une mutation du système bancaire grâce à d’une part une scission complète des activités bancaires, et d’autre part une indépendance des établissements de paiement face aux établissements de crédit. La sécurisation du marché des paiements dépend également de l’encadrement des opérations de paiement. La préservation de la confiance du consommateur est essentielle au bon fonctionnement du marché des services de paiementThe transposition into French law of the Payment Services Directive of 13November 2007 led to the creation of a new category of players in the banking sector: the payment institution. The provision of payment services is no longer the sole domain of credit institutions but becomes the main activity of payment institutions. Although this new distribution of banking activities undermines thebanking monopoly, it does not terminate it. For a better legibility of the bankingsystem and a more efficient control of banking institutions, it is proposed amutation of the banking system through on the one hand, a complete separation of banking activities, and on the other hand payment institutions independence from credit institutions. Securing the payments services market also depends on the supervision of payment transactions. Preserving consumer’s trust is essential to awell-functioning payment services market
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Barvíková, Kamila. "Technicko-ekonomické aspekty platebního styku." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-360145.
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Thesis describes technical and economic aspects of payment transaction using the empirical analysis on real data of payment institution. It focuses on the description of selected products provided by payment institution and empirically analyzes them on the basis of the available data in terms of the number of transactions in individual currencies, the ratio of product types utilization and clearing and settlement used by the payment institution. The thesis also describes the security requirements necessary for the conduct of payment transactions on the Internet for non-technically educated audiences. At the end of the thesis there are several recommendations for the development of payment institution based on empirical knowledge from data analysis, which can be used for further analysis of the payment institution.
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Meyer, Claas. "Institutional aspects of governmental payments for ecosystem services." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17330.
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Die Doktorarbeit untersucht institutionelle Aspekte von staatlichen Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES, positive Anreizinstrumente i.F.v. Zahlungen für Ökosystemleistungen) in der EU und den USA. Die Untersuchung ist zweiteilig: Zunächst werden Design und Performance von bestehenden agrarumweltpolitischen Anreizinstrumenten analysiert, welche vermehrt als PES verstanden werden. Dann wird die Relevanz des Ecosystem Services (ES) Konzeptes für die Ausgestaltung der bestehenden Instrumente identifiziert. Die generellen Forschungsfragen werden hinsichtlich institutionellem Design, institutioneller Performance und institutionellem Interplay konkretisiert und im Rahmen von fünf individuellen Veröffentlichungen beantwortet. Hinsichtlich der Anreizinstrumente werden Regeln für eine effektive Gestaltung hervorgehoben. Ferner wird herausgearbeitet, wie Anreizinstrumente mit bestehenden institutionellen Strukturen interagieren. Hinsichtlich der Politikrelevanz des ES Konzeptes wird dargelegt, dass es bisher nicht in die Umweltgesetzgebung integriert wurde, eine Integration aber fortschreitet. Der größte zukünftige Einfluss des Konzeptes wird für die Klima- und Agrarpolitik vorausgesagt, insbesondere für bestehende Zahlungsinstrumente. Generell wird aufgezeigt, dass Zielgerichtetheit und Integration von staatlichen PES wichtig sind. Für einen funktionierenden Instrumentenmix von PES und Regularien muss die jeweilige Eigentumsrechtsituation transparent gemacht werden und verschiedene Akteure müssen auf einer gemeinsamen Basis zusammenarbeiten. Demgemäß wird diskutiert, welches Potential das ES Konzept dafür bietet, die Kommunikation zwischen den Akteuren zu verbessern und neue Impulse für eine Kooperation zu geben. Schließlich wird argumentiert, dass eine systematische ES Untersuchung und Quantifizierung bessere Möglichkeiten für Zieldefinition und Monitoring bieten könnte, der Nutzen einer ökonomische Bewertung von ES aber immer sehr sorgfältig geprüft werden sollte.The doctoral thesis identifies and analyses institutional aspects of governmental Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) in the EU and US. The analysis is twofold: First, the design and performance of existing governmental agri-environmental payment schemes that are increasingly labelled as PES have been investigated. Second, the influence of the ecosystem services (ES) concept on such payments has been identified. The general research objectives are structured in terms of institutional design, performance, and interplay. Five individual research papers shed light on the raised issues. Regarding payment schemes, findings indicate certain design rule sets that can be crucial for environmentally effective governmental payments. Furthermore, scheme interactions with other institutional arrangements have been shown. In terms of ES concept driven policies, the identified design principles have hardly been included but their integration is proceeding. The greatest future ES impact on policy design is predicted regarding climate and agricultural policies, especially on existing payment schemes. In summary, effective targeting and integration of governmental PES have been outlined as important. To create and achieve a sound mix of PES with regulations and policies, the property rights situation, the reference point for application of the ‘provider-gets’ and ‘beneficiary-pays’ principles, and any deviations therefrom should be made transparent. Furthermore, different actors must collaborate on basis of common denominators. The potential of ES to enhance communication among actors and provide new impulses for cross-sectoral and cross-level cooperation in existing governmental payments schemes implementation has been discussed. Moreover, it has been argued that regarding governmental payments, systematic ES definition and quantification may offer the opportunity to enhance targeting, and economic valuation and monetarization of ES should be very carefully considered.
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Pietrowiak, Annett [Verfasser], Wilhelm [Akademischer Betreuer] Althammer, and Bernhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Schwetzler. "European payment instruments : Institutional determinants of an efficient POS payment mix / Annett Pietrowiak. Gutachter: Wilhelm Althammer ; Bernhard Schwetzler. Betreuer: Wilhelm Althammer." Dresden : Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1056912251/34.
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Voll, Sebastian [Verfasser], Andreas [Akademischer Betreuer] Freytag, and Markus [Akademischer Betreuer] Pasche. "Institutional determinants of balance of payment dynamics / Sebastian Voll. Gutachter: Andreas Freytag ; Markus Pasche." Jena : Thüringer Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Jena, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1071547518/34.
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Pietrowiak, Annett. "European payment instruments." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-150371.
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This thesis sheds light on the functioning and characteristics of payment systems to serve as a foundation for understanding the drivers for higher payment system efficiency. Its central goal is to develop insights into the determinants of collective payment choice suitable to lower payment costs to society. So far, the institutional environment, as potential important influence on the payment instrument mix, has not been focused on in the literature. Therefore, particular emphasis is laid on the empirical analysis of the impact of institutional factors on the share of card payments on consumer spending at the point of sale (POS). For this, a unique panel data set is constructed covering the eight most important European payment markets ranked by non-cash transaction volumes. The empirical results allow formulating conditions necessary to achieve a more efficient payment mix. They also form a basis for the assessment of related policy measures with a focus on the SEPA project in terms of their efficiency enhancing effect. Future research could possibly build upon the panel data collected.
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Lipski, Michael. "Physician payment reform and the implementation of the Medicare fee schedule : an institutional and resource dependency perspective /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1995. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA305958.
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Bertucci, Louis. "The role of financial institutions : limits and perspectives." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLED036.
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A travers les siècles, les institutions financières ont façonné le paysage financier et influencé l’activité économique. L’objectif de cette thèse est de mettre en évidence, d’un point de vue théorique, les limites fondamentales des institutions modernes et d’en déduire les implications concernant le futur rôle de ces institutions.Le premier chapitre propose un analyse des Chambres de Compensation. A la suite de la crise financière de 2008, les autorités financières à travers le monde ont mis en place des réglementations imposant la compensation centrale sur la plupart des produits dérivés. Nous montrons que la compensation centrale nécessite un plus grand niveau de liquidité que la compensation bilatérale.Le second chapitre présente un modèle d’apprentissage en temps continu censé représenter le processus d’apprentissage d’une institution par rapport à une information cachée détenue par le marché. A l’équilibre, le niveau d’incertitude perçue par les agents, constitue une limite fondamentale du rôle des institutions financières.Le dernier chapitre introduit et analyse le Lightning Network qui est un réseau de paiement basé sur la Blockchain. Il permet aux utilisateurs de transférer de la valeur de façon instantanée sans avoir recours à un tiers de confiance. Nous discutons des implications à propos de la structure de ce réseau de paiement ainsi que de sa capacité à prendre une place importante dans le paysage financierThroughout the centuries, financial institutions have shaped the financial landscape and influenced economic activity. The goal of this dissertation is to highlight, from a theoretical point of view, fundamental limitations of modern institutions and eventually derive implications regarding the future role of those institutions.The first chapter provides an analysis of Central Clearing Platforms (CCP). In the aftermath of the financial crisis of 2008, financial authorities around the world implemented regulations imposing central clearing on most derivative products. It is shown that central clearing often requires a larger liquidity buffer than bilateral clearing.The second chapter presents a continuous-time learning model meant to represent the learning process of an institution such as a central bank regarding a hidden information held by the market. The equilibrium level of uncertainty perceived by agents is shown to be an important limitation to the role of financial institutions.The last chapter introduces a specific blockchain-based payment network called the Lightning Network. It allows users to transfer value instantly without relying on any trusted third party. We discuss the implications regarding the structure of this network as well as its ability to become an important part of the financial landscape
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Adalid, Sébastien. "La BCE et l’Eurosystème : exemple d’intégration verticale." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO30086/document.
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La banque centrale européenne (bce) n'est pas une institution au sens des traités communautaires. pourtant elle dispose, à l'image des institutions, de pouvoirs législatifs et exécutifs. au sens du droit communautaire, la bce est un <>, elle jouit donc de la personnalité juridique. dans le paysage institutionnel de l'union, la bce est la seule à disposer à la fois de pouvoirs législatifs et exécutifs et de la personnalité morale. il convient de ce fait de se poser la question de la place de la bce dans ce paysage institutionnel. de plus, les pouvoirs de la bce et leur exercice sont extrêmement flous. tout d'abord, la bce partage certains pouvoirs avec le conseil ecofin, qui lui mêne en partage avec l'eurogroupe. ensuite, les pouvoirs de la bce sont exercés soit par le conseil des gouverneurs, soit par le directoire. les décisions prises par ces organes, sont ensuite mises en oeuvre par la bce elle même ou par les banques centrales nationales. il se pose donc la question des réels pouvoirs de la bce, du fait de son intégration au sein du système européen de banques centrales. beaucoup d'auteurs ont apporté des réponses à ces questions, la bce : banque centrale de la communauté, la bce autorité administrative indépedante, le bce communauté internationale à part. malgré, l'intérêt de ces travaux aucun n'a pris en compte la bce dans sa globalité et dans sa complexité. notre travail de tèse se propose de reprendre l'ensemble des questions relatives à la place de la bce dans les institutions et organes de l'union, afin de mieux définir et comprendre cet organe à partThe Eurosystem is a unique structure of European Union law which includes the central banks of States that have adopted the euro and the European Central Bank. A theoretical study of the evolution of the exercise of power within the Union demonstrates the emergence of a new methode of integration called "vertical integration." In a dialectical process between theory and reality of the Eurosystem, the main features of the the vertical integration method can be tested and its main qualities and defects disclosed.The method of vertical integration led to the construction of sub-systems composed of national bodies and body of the Union. The method operates in four directions. The sub- system thereby producted relates formally and functionally to the EU and operates in a specific sector which imposes the specificities of its action. It can be said "organized" (its components are interconnected by complex interrelationships guaranteeing the unity and effectiveness of the system). It is independent from the states as it is from the political institutions of the Union.The study of the Eurosystem through this perspective allows to elucidate the nature of this unusual construction whose action in crises - the financial crisis and the sovereign debt crisis - was crucial. Such research can also highlight, under a new perspective, the recent developments in the institutional system of the EU as a whole
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Chan, Wing-yi. "The smart card technology in the financial services /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19877183.
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Sassen, Jacobus. "THE EFFECT OF COUNTRY CHARACTERISTICS ON THE TIME BETWEEN AN IPO AND THE FIRST DIVIDEND PAYMENT." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-318897.
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This research paper makes an attempt at closing the gap in literature by testing agency considerations as an influencing factor for dividend policy of IPO firms. Dividend data of 642 firms from seven countries are used to make statistical interferences about the time it takes an IPO to issue dividend, influenced by different institutional factors of countries. An OLS is used to make these interferences. The results presented here indicate that there is a robust effect of legal enforcement on the time it takes before an IPO firm in a certain country pays its first dividend.
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Westerlund, Olivia Banks. "The Effectiveness of Foreign Aid on Corruption Eradication in Developing Countries’ Institutions. : A Qualitative Case Study Related to International Relations Studies with A Focus on A West African Country: Nigeria." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för samhälls- och kulturvetenskap (from 2013), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-82554.
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Abstract. Foreign aid's effectiveness on eradicating corruption is a fragile yet complex topic to research in International Relations. Some scholars argue that economic aid should not be given without specific conditions, while some argue that aid should be given with strict or specific rules to recipient countries. Par contra my research is aimed at examining one recipient country: Nigeria, as a case study which is considered amongst the most corrupt countries in the world yet are highly enriched in natural resources, such as being the major oil-producing country in Africa that boosts the country's GDP per capita through the export trade with foreign countries. And most foreign donor countries allocate economic aid to Nigeria because they are dependent on the country's trade on natural resources. In this research, I used two conceptualised variables of corruption; bribery and facilitate payment, which is considered the most common corruption trends in the Nigerian society, with the aim of analysing the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime's (UNODC) twelve-month survey report conducted in December 2019 in Nigeria. Alongside with the London 2016 Anti-Corruption Summit report, the current agenda agreed by forty countries with over six hundred commitments, which Nigeria participated in—hence creating the national anti-corruption programmes that the current President of Nigeria, Muhammadu Buhari implemented as a commitment to the Summit. Consequently using legitimacy and governance perspectives to analyse the efficacy of aid in Nigeria's institution, and evaluating the country's alliance of economic aid in combating corruption, whilst identifying the state's level of governance towards anti-corruption policies to eradicate corruption. The findings show that the level of corruption in Nigeria is still very much high within the public sectors and shows that three in four citizens encounter a form of corruption such as bribery, daily with a civilian who demands a bribe in exchange for their services. And facilitation payment is considered a common activity of Nigerian citizens to speed up legal procedures with the governmental institutions. Even though the Nigerian government claims that the national anti-corruption policies are effective, the survey still shows that there less amount of reported official persons in the conduct of corruption and also the policies doesn't show a trend that the official persons do abide by the policies because the rate of transparency within the institutions is very much low. Yet these official persons intend to be in denial of collecting bribes or participating in any form of corruption.
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Lien, Aaron Matthew, and Aaron Matthew Lien. "Incentives for Ecosystem Services on Rangelands: Institutional Design and Stakeholder Attitudes." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624284.
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Payments for ecosystem services (PES), or conservation incentives, are an increasingly popular approach to encouraging natural resources conservation on private lands. The goal of PES approaches is to motivate conservation by private landowners that would not otherwise take place by providing an economic incentive. To achieve this goal, incentive programs must be available to landowners who can provide the desired services; supportive policy structures must be in place; landowners must be willing to participate as sellers of ecosystem services; and the program itself must have an institutional structure that effectively regulates the production, sale, and maintenance of targeted ecosystem services. This dissertation uses a combination of case study and comparative research methods to develop new knowledge and tools for assessing each of these necessary conditions for success. The potential development of an incentive program to conserve habitat for endangered jaguars in southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico is used as a case study to understand the attitudes of ranchers toward participation in PES programs and related policies and regulations. Results show that ranchers have strong intrinsic conservation motivations unrelated to economic incentives, coupled with significant concerns about the impacts of government regulations that could accompany participation in a PES program. Comparative research of the institutional structures of existing PES programs is carried out using the Institutional Analysis and Development framework. Focusing on water quality trading, one of the most common types of PES program, a classification system for PES program institutional arrangements is developed and the utility of the classification system for analyzing institutional diversity is demonstrated. Together, the case study and comparative research provide a means of linking empirical assessment of PES governance models with the preferences of targeted participants, increasing the likelihood of successful conservation outcomes.
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Ortega, Pacheco Daniel Vicente. "Investigating the role and scale of transactions costs of incentive-based programs for provision of environmental services in developing countries." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1292450247.
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Chervier, Colas. "Analyse économique des paiements pour services environnementaux dans les pays les moins avancés : Institutions, motivations et efficacité : Le cas du Cambodge." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTD001/document.
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Cette thèse vise à comprendre les mécanismes par lesquels les Paiements pour Services Environnementaux (PSE) émergent et influencent la conservation effective des écosystèmes naturels au Cambodge. Elle contribue également à poursuivre l’opérationnalisation des cadres conceptuels institutionnalistes d’analyse des PSE dans le cadre d’un pays parmi les moins avancés de la planète. Au Cambodge, les PSE apparaissent comme le résultat de processus politiques de négociations influencés par les institutions préexistantes et dans lesquelles certains acteurs, notamment le Gouvernement et les ONG, cherchent à influencer les décisions relatives à la définition de nouvelles règles d’utilisation des ressources naturelles afin que celles-ci s’alignent sur leurs intérêts. Ceci amène, au Cambodge, au blocage de certains types de PSE. La thèse cherche également à mesurer et expliquer l’efficacitéenvironnementale d’un cas de PSE communautaire. Ce type de mécanisme peut contribuer à la conservation efficace des forêts même lorsque la pression extérieure augmente. Néanmoins, ces effets dépendent de certaines caractéristiques du contexte socio-économique local, probablement parce qu’elles influencent la capacité de gestion collective des forêts que vise à renforcer ce type de PSE. De plus, la pérennité de ces effets n’est pas assurée sur le long terme. Le programme a ainsi érodé certaines perceptions des valeurs d’usage de la conservation de la forêt qui, dans un contexte de pauvreté et de dépendance forte des populations locales aux ressources naturelles, peuvent constituer des motivations partiellement intrinsèques à conserverThis thesis aims to understand the mechanisms through which Payments for Environmental Services (PES) emerge and influence the effective conservation of natural ecosystems in Cambodia. It also contributes to the operationalization of institutional conceptual frameworks for the analysis of PES, as it takes to the case of one of the world’s least developed countries. In Cambodia, PES appear to be the result of political processes (negotiations) influenced by pre-existing institutions and in which some stakeholders, such as the Government and NGOs,seek to influence decisions related to the definition of new rules for the use of natural resources so that they align with their interests. This explains why some types of PES schemes face political blockages at the national level. The thesis also seeks to measure and explain the environmental effectiveness of one community-PES. The case study leads to the effective conservation of forests even when the external pressure increases. However, this effect depends on some characteristics of the local socio-economic context, probably because they influence the likelihood of local collective management of forests, which the scheme aims to strengthen. In addition, the permanence of these effects is not guaranteed in the long run. The program has indeed eroded some perceptions of use values of forest conservation, which are, in a context of poverty and strong dependence of local communities on natural resources, the foundation for partially intrinsic motivation to conserve
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Haataja, Emilio, and William Stackenäs. "CONSTRUCTING A DECENTRALIZED COMMUNICATION SYSTEM COMPLIANT WITH THE ISO 20022 FINANCIAL INDUSTRY MESSAGE SCHEME." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-300126.
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Finansiella institut behöver en säker och tillförlitlig infrastruktur för att utföra transaktioner mellan varandra. I dagsläget finns det en rad olika lösningar för detta, som SWIFT och SEPA. Dessa lösningar har dock problem. SEPA omfattar enbart eurozonen och den övriga Europeiska unionen, och SWIFT har funnits sedan 1970-talet och har en äldre kommunikationsstandard som är dyr att ansluta sig till. SWIFTs standard är under processen av att fasas ut och ersättas av den nyare ISO 20022 standarden för finansiella meddelanden. Därför finns det ett behov av ett nytt digitalt betalningssystem som är lättillgängligt, billigt, säkert, och lättanvänt för finansiella institutioner. Detta problem kan lösas med hjälp av den nyare ISO 20022 standarden och HTTPS. I detta examensarbete konstrueras ett förslag till kommunikationssystem som följer dessa standarder och bibehåller integriteten hos de finansiella meddelandena. Kommunikationssystemets källkod är öppen för allmänheten och dokumenterad, vilket gör den lättillgänglig och ett simpelt ramverk för ISO 20022-kompatibla kommunikationssystem som gör att finansiella institutioner kan integrera det i sina existerande system. Kommunikationssystemet implementeras i Java, som är ett väletablerat programmeringsspråk inom finanssektorn. Denna implementation valideras genom integrationstester för de testfall som identifierats i det konstruerade systemet. Vidare inkluderar implementeringen även dokumentation med instruktioner om exempelvis hur det föreslagna systemet kan integreras i befintliga finansiella institutioners system. Kommunikationssystemet stödjer grundläggande funktionalitet för att skicka och ta emot meddelanden, men stöd för flera olika meddelandetyper är inte implementerat. Vidare är kommunikationssystemet beroende av ett externt system som tar emot och behandlar meddelandena efter att de validerats av komunikationssytemet.Financial institutes need a secure and reliable infrastructure to make transactions with each other. In the current situation there are a few different solutions for this, like SWIFT and SEPA. These solutions have their own set of problems. SEPA only covers the eurozone and the rest of the European Union. SWIFT has been around since the 1970s and uses an old communication standard which is expensive to use. SWIFT’s standard is currently being replaced by the more modern ISO 20022 financial messaging standard. Due to this, there is a demand for a new digital communication system that is accessible, cheap, secure, and easy to use for financial institutions. This problem could be solved by the newer ISO 20022 standard and HTTPS. In this thesis, a proposal for a communication system that is compliant with these standards is constructed, keeping the integrity of the financial messages intact. The communication system’s source code is publicly available and documented, which keeps it accessible and makes it a simple ISO 20022 compatible communication system framework for financial institutions to integrate into their existing payment systems. The communication system solution is implemented in Java, which is a well-established programming language within the finance sector. The implementation is validated through integration tests for the test cases that have been identified for the constructed system. Furthermore, the implementation includes documentation with instructions for, for example, how the proposed communication system can be integrated in existing financial institution systems. The communication system supports basic functionality for sending and receiving messages, but support for multiple message types is not implemented. Furthermore, the communication system is dependent on an external system that receives and processes the messages after they have been validated by the communication system.
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Justová, Markéta. "Aplikace objektových metod v návrhu informačního systému platební instituce." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-204003.
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The aim of the Diploma thesis is to evaluate the selected object-oriented (OO) methodology as it was defined by its author, on the basis of defined criteria, whether it is applicable in practice when designing an information system, with a main focus on analysis of the new core banking system supporting key processes of payment institution and Forex broker. Diploma thesis describes selected OO methodologies and notations used in the analysis and design of information systems. Further, it focuses on the evaluation of the real usage of selected method (Unified Process) in the environment of payment institution. It confronts the theoretical definition of a selected OO methodology with its application during the analysis of IS through practical demonstrations created within the case study.
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Schomers, Sarah Daniela [Verfasser]. "Intermediaries within the governance structures of payments for ecosystem services : cost-effectiveness and environmental effectiveness from an institutional economic perspective / Sarah Daniela Schomers." Hannover : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1179909356/34.
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Schomers, Sarah [Verfasser]. "Intermediaries within the governance structures of payments for ecosystem services : cost-effectiveness and environmental effectiveness from an institutional economic perspective / Sarah Daniela Schomers." Hannover : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1179909356/34.
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MEYER, CLAAS Verfasser], Klaus [Akademischer Betreuer] [Müller, Stefanie [Akademischer Betreuer] Engel, and Bettina [Akademischer Betreuer] Matzdorf. "Institutional aspects of governmental payments for ecosystem services : insights from EU and US environmental and agri-environmental policies / Claas Meyer. Gutachter: Klaus Müller ; Stefanie Engel ; Bettina Matzdorf." Berlin : Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1078309493/34.
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Meyer, Claas [Verfasser], Klaus [Akademischer Betreuer] Müller, Stefanie [Akademischer Betreuer] Engel, and Bettina [Akademischer Betreuer] Matzdorf. "Institutional aspects of governmental payments for ecosystem services : insights from EU and US environmental and agri-environmental policies / Claas Meyer. Gutachter: Klaus Müller ; Stefanie Engel ; Bettina Matzdorf." Berlin : Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1078309493/34.
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Ribeiro, Otilia Denise Jesus. "Serviços ambientais: o surgimento de arranjos institucionais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12139/tde-06012015-112618/.
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Os serviços ambientais são o tema de discussão desta tese, que apresenta análise de casos brasileiros de projetos de pagamentos por serviços ambientais (PSA), dando ênfase a casos de PSA-Água e PSA-Carbono. Os projetos são analisados sob a ótica da Nova Economia Institucional (NEI) com percepção analítica em diversos aspectos, como arranjos institucionais, ambiente institucional, remuneração pelos serviços ambientais, fontes de financiamento, e monitoramento da prestação dos serviços. Da análise dos projetos, identificou-se que todos são de existência recente, por isso os dados disponíveis são escassos. Na maioria dos arranjos institucionais desses projetos, há participação de entidades públicas e privadas, e uma significativa participação de recurso público em seu financiamento. Os projetos apontam os potenciais benefícios à sociedade e ao meio ambiente e suas possíveis limitações. A identificação das restrições na fase inicial do projeto é importante, pois permite que sejam evitadas ou, ao menos, minimizadas, otimizando a alocação dos recursos a ele destinados. Percebe-se que são projetos promissores, razoavelmente estáveis em sua maioria, com potencial de evolução, eficazes e eficientes no tocante ao emprego dos recursos direcionados aos financiamentos. Os critérios analisados nesses projetos podem ser aplicados a outros similares, da mesma forma como as lições depreendidas podem subsidiar a estruturação e a gestão de futuros projetos de PSA. Por fim, é fundamental consignar que o mercado de serviços ambientais só funcionará de forma eficiente com a presença de arranjos institucionais que atendam à demanda específica desses serviços.Environmental services are the topic of discussion of this thesis, which presents case studies of Brazilians of payments for environmental services (PES) projects, emphasizing the cases of PSA and PSA-Water-Carbon. The projects are analyzed from the perspective of New Institutional Economics (NIE) with analytical insight into aspects such as institutional arrangements, institutional environment, compensation for environmental services, funding sources, and monitoring of service delivery. Analysis of the projects, it was identified that there are all recent, so the data available are scarce. Institutional arrangements in most of these projects, there is participation of public and private entities, and meaningful participation in public resource funding. The projects show the potential benefits to society and the environment and their possible limitations. The identification of constraints in the initial phase of the project is important as it allows them to be avoided or at least minimized by optimizing the allocation of resources allocated to it. Realize that they are promising projects, mostly fairly stable, with potential for development, effective and efficient with respect to employment of resources directed to financing. The criteria analyzed in these projects can be applied to other similar, just as the inferred lessons can support the structuring and management of future PES projects. Finally, it is essential to establish that the market for environmental services only work efficiently with the presence of institutional arrangements that meet the specific demand for these services.
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Ferreira, Tabata Alves. "O impacto de fatores institucionais e socioeconômicos no mercado de cartões de pagamento de países latino-americanos." Escola Superior de Propaganda e Marketing, 2018. http://tede2.espm.br/handle/tede/298.
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The dynamics of the payment card market is linked to a number of factors, including socioeconomic and institutional factors, in this work expressed by the economic and government regulation of countries. Because it is an industry subject to market, government interventions tend to be necessary for better functioning of the sector. The objective of this study is to study the relationship between and government regulation with the development of the countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru. The method of adopted is based on a panel data regression model. The bases used are from secondary data extracted from The Heritage Foundation and Euromonitor International, as well as information collected from the Central Banks and electronic media of these countries, between 2002 and 2016. The results obtained with the fixed effects model allow us to conclude that the variables Socioeconomic variables, per capita GDP and Gini index have statistical significance and affect payment card transactions in the countries studied here, the institutional variables "Economic Freedom (EF)", "Government Regulation (REG), have no effect on the growth of card transactions in the countries studied during the period considered in this analysis.
A dinâmica do mercado de cartões de pagamento está ligada a diversos fatores, incluindo socioeconômicos e institucionais, nesse trabalho expressos pela liberdade econômica e regulação governamental dos países. Por se tratar de uma indústria sujeita a falhas de mercado, intervenções governamentais tendem a ser necessárias para um melhor funcionamento do setor. O objetivo desse trabalho é estudar a relação entre liberdade econômica e regulação governamental com o desenvolvimento do mercado de cartões de pagamento dos países: Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colômbia, México e Peru. O método de pesquisa adotado baseia-se em um modelo de regressão de dados em painel. As bases utilizadas são de dados secundários extraídos da The Heritage Foundation e da Euromonitor International, assim como informações coletadas dos Bancos Centrais e das mídias sociais eletrônicas desses países, no período entre 2002 e 2016. Os resultados obtidos com o modelo de efeitos fixos permitem concluir que as variáveis socioeconômicas PIB Per Capita e Índice de Gini têm significância estatística e afetam o crescimento das transações com cartões de pagamento nos países aqui estudados, porém as variáveis institucionais “Liberdade Econômica (EF)”, “Regulação Governamental (REG), não apresentam nenhum efeito sobre o crescimento das transações com cartões de pagamento nos países estudados durante o período considerado nessa análise.
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Andersson, Hanna, and Louise Melander. "Konkurrensen för de svenska storbankerna : på betaltjänstmarknaden efterimplementeringen av PSD2." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-231856.
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Titel: Konkurrensen för de svenska storbankerna på betaltjänstmarknaden efterimplementeringen av PSD2. Bakgrund: Utvecklingen inom betaltjänster har under de senaste åren gått fort fram. Enligt Europeiska Kommissionen har utvecklingen krävt en mer uppdaterad lagstiftning. Betaltjänstdirektivet implementerades i Svensk Lag i maj 2018. PSD2 huvudsakliga syfte är att främja konkurrens samt säkra betalningar och informationsdelning. Problematisering: Hur kommer konkurrensen på betaltjänstmarknaden för de svenskastorbankerna att förändras efter implementeringen av PSD2? Syfte: Uppsatsens syfte är att leda till en djupare förståelse och diskussion för hur PSD2kommer att påverka den svenska betaltjänstmarknaden ur ett konkurrensperspektiv. Metod: Uppsatsen är byggd utifrån en kunskapsgrund bestående av teorier inom ämnet samtav en kvalitativ metod bestående av semistrukturerade intervjuer. Uppsatsen är begränsad tillatt analysera den svenska betaltjänstmarknaden samt de svenska storbankerna. Slutsats: PSD2 kommer att öka konkurrensen för betaltjänster för de svenska storbankerna.Vilken konkurrensposition de olika bankerna kommer att ha kommer främst att bero påbankens val av strategi och samarbetspartners, men även hur konkurrerande aktörer agerar. Nyckelord: PSD2, fintech, Nyinstitutionell teori, Operationella strategier, betaltjänster,konkurrensTitle: Competition for the Swedish major banks in the payment service market after theimplementation of PSD2. Background: The development of payment services has accelerated in recent years. According to the European Commission, the development has increased the need for a moreupdated legislation. The Payment Services Directive was implemented in Swedish Law inMay 2018. The main objective of PSD2 is to promote competition and secure payments andinformation sharing. Problem: How will the competition in the payment service market for the Swedish majorbanks change after the implementation of PSD2? Purpose: The purpose of this essay is to develop a deeper understanding and discussion ofhow PSD2 will impact the Swedish payment service. Method: The essay is based on existing theories in the subject field and a qualitative methodconsisting of semi-structured interviews. The essay is limited to analysing the Swedishpayment service market and the Swedish major banks. Conclusion: PSD2 will increase the competition for provision of payment services for theSwedish major banks. The competitive position in the payment market of the Swedish majorbanks will primarily rely on a bank’s choice of strategy and partners, but also on howcompeting actors will act. Keyword: PSD2, fintech, New-institutional theory, Operational strategies, Payment services, Competition
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Zenunovic, Alma. "Betaltjänstdirektivets inverkan på svensk rätt och dess processuella och institutionella autonomi." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-19902.
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Denna magisteruppsats i offentlig rätt är ämnad att behandla implementeringen av direktivet om betaltjänster på den inre marknaden i svensk rätt. Betaltjänstdirektivet är väsentlig vid inrättande av den inre marknaden inom EU:s medlemsstater, då alla inre gränser skall avlägsnas för att möjliggöra fri rörlighet för varor, personer, tjänster och kapital; i det sammanhanget blir det viktigt med en modern och konsekvent rättslig ram för betaltjänster på EU-nivå. Uppsatsen syftar till att undersöka implementeringen av de processuella och materiella bestämmelser i betaltjänstdirektivet som knyter an till principen om god förvaltning och därtill medlemsstaternas processuella och institutionella autonomi. Till de frågor som analyseras hör tolkning av begreppet god förvaltning och hur de utvalda principerna kan identifieras i svensk rätt genom implementeringen av direktivet. God förvaltning i denna uppsats förstås i vid mening som ett begrepp motsvarande vad enskilda har rätt att förvänta sig av det berörda förvaltningsorganet vid handläggning av ett enskilt ärende. Uppsatsen har visat att direktivet innehåller ett flertal bestämmelser som knyter an till principen om god förvaltning och som reglerar hur svenska myndigheter skall handlägga ärenden inom direktivets tillämpningsområde. Uppsatsen har också kunnat påvisa en tydlig påverkan på Sveriges processuella och institutionella autonomi.
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Hatsumura, Paula Mariko. "Subsídios para elaboração de projeto de pagamento por serviços ambientais na bacia hidrográfica do manancial do alto curso do Rio Santo Anastácio - UGRHI Pontal do Paranapanema - Estado de São Paulo - Brasil." Ilha Solteira, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/157494.
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Orientador: Antonio Cezar LealResumo: Neste projeto técnico tem-se como objetivo a elaboração de uma proposta que subsidie o projeto básico de Pagamento por Serviços Ambientais do Programa Produtor de Água na bacia hidrográfica do manancial do alto curso do Rio Santo Anastácio. Esta bacia hidrográfica está localizada no extremo oeste do Estado de São Paulo, na Unidade de Gerenciamento de Recursos Hídricos do Pontal do Paranapanema - UGRHI 22 e possui uma área de, aproximadamente, 198 km², englobando partes dos municípios de Álvares Machado, Anhumas, Pirapozinho, Presidente Prudente e Regente Feijó. A proposta foi realizada com base no Manual Operativo do Programa Produtor de Água – 2ª Edição, que compõe as orientações às pessoas e instituições que pretendam participar deste programa. O conteúdo principal dessa pesquisa consiste na elaboração do Roteiro Mínimo de Apresentação do Projeto, a qual contou com a participação de diversas entidades, definidas como instituições parceiras, cada qual com suas especialidades. Foi elaborada a caracterização da bacia hidrográfica, com base em estudos já realizados; as metodologias que serão utilizadas como estratégias de PSA, de educação ambiental, estratégias para as ações de restauração ecológica, conservação de água e solo, bem como para o monitoramento da bacia hidrográfica do manancial do alto curso do Rio Santo Anastácio. Dessa forma, espera-se que este estudo gere subsídios para que, futuramente, na área em estudo possa se implantar efetivamente o Programa Produtor de Á... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: In this technical project the objective is the preparation of a proposal that subsidizes the basic project of Payment for Environmental Services of the Water Producer Program in the watershed of the wellspring of the high current of Santo Anastácio River. This watershed is located in the extreme west of the State of São Paulo, in the Water Resources Management Unit of Pontal do Paranapanema - UGRHI 22 and has an area of approximately 198 km², encompassing parts of the cities of Álvares Machado, Anhumas, Pirapozinho, Presidente Prudente and Regente Feijó. The proposal was based on the Operational Manual of the Water Producer Program – 2nd Edition, which makes up the guidelines persons and institutions wishing to participate in this program. The main content of this research is the elaboration of the Minimal Presentation of the Project, which was attended by several entities, defined as partner institutions each with its own specialties. It was elaborated the characterization of watershed based on studies already made; the methodologies that will be used as PSA strategies, environmental education, strategies for ecological restoration actions, water and soil conservation, as well as for the monitoring of watershed of the wellspring of the high current of Santo Anastácio River. Thus, it is expected that this study will generate subsidies so that, in the future, in the study área the Water Producer Program, thus benefiting the environment, with the protection and production of wa... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Coda, Stefano. "Business combinations and group of companies : perspectives from accounting, law and corporate finance." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01E072.
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Dans le cadre général des regroupements d'entreprises et des groupes de sociétés, cette thèse porte sur des questions d'intérêt à la croisée de la comptabilité, du droit (notamment les dispositions légales et la réglementation comptable) et de la finance d'entreprise. En ce qui concerne la théorie comptable, le chapitre 2 étudie comment les chercheurs en économie d'entreprise ont compris les groupes d'entreprises, les comptes de groupe et le processus de leur préparation, en particulier par rapport aux juristes italiens. Ensuite, le chapitre 3 reconstruit le processus politique et législatif qui a engendré la naissance du concept de groupe de sociétés dans le corpus juridique italien.Concernant le droit et la politique comptable, une analyse comparative est effectuée au chapitre 4qui montre clairement l'évolution de la notion de contrôle et de son utilisation dans les comptes consolidés (comptes de groupe) et les regroupements d'entreprises (I) en droit européen, (II) selon les normes comptables internationales publiées par l'IASB (International Accounting Standards Board) et (III) par rapport aux principes comptables généralement admis aux États-Unis («USGAAP»). De plus, les chapitres 5 et 6 étudient les effets du lobbying sur les normes comptables concernant les états financiers consolidés et les regroupements d'entreprises publiés par l'IASB. Fait intéressant, les résultats concordent avec une forme de capture du normalisateur comptable international par une catégorie d'institutions financières. En effet, confrontées à un modèle de consolidation prétendument basé sur le contrôle, ces dernières ont plaidé en faveur d'une exception de consolidation fondée sur un modèle de propriété et documentée comme ayant été proposée par les sociétés d'audit américaines dans ce contexte au moins depuis 1995. Ce modèle s’avère avoir trouvé un terrain fertile au sein de l'IASB. En conséquence, d'autres catégories d'institutions financières,telles que les fonds d'investissement à long terme et ceux gérés par une famille tout en préférant un modèle de consolidation différent, ne sont plus autorisées à présenter des états financiers consolidés. En ce qui concerne la finance d’entreprise, le chapitre 7 analyse les implications de différentes décisions de financement dans un nouveau échantillon de fusions et acquisitions entre institutions financières (banques et assurances) consommées dans le monde entier au cours des deux dernières décennies. En particulier, il étudie (I) la relation entre la méthode de choix de paiement (si le prix est payé en cash, en actions ou une combinaison des deux) et le choix du mode de financement d'un regroupement d'entreprises (y compris les instruments hybrides) et (II) la réaction des investisseurs à l'annonce de la combinaison. En ce qui concerne ce dernier point, l'utilisation de deux tests non paramétriques permet de détecter une relation intéressante entre la réaction du marché à l'annonce et les différents modes attendus de financement de la transactionIn the broad context of business combinations and group of companies, this thesis selects some matters of interest at the crossroad between accounting, law (especially legal provisions and accounting regulation) and corporate finance.Concerning accounting theory, chapter 2 studies how business economics scholars understood groups of companies, group accounts and the process for their preparation in particular compared to Italian legal scholars. Then, chapter 3 reconstructs the political and legislative process that brought about the birth of the concept of group of companies in the Italian legal corpus. Concerning law and accounting policy, a comparative analysis is carried out in chapter 4 which clearly shows how the notion of control and its use in consolidated financial statements (group accounts) and business combinations accounting evolved (I) in European law, (II) under international accounting standards as issued by the IASB – International Accounting StandardsBoard and (III) in US GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles). Moreover, chapters 5 and 6 investigate the effects of lobbying on accounting standards on consolidated financial statements and business combinations issued by the IASB. Interestingly, results are consistent with a regulatory capture of the international standard setter by a category of financial institutions. In fact, confronted with a consolidation model purportedly based on control, the latter lobbied in favour of a consolidation exception which is based on an ownership view and is documented to have been proposed by US audit companies in that context at least from 1995. That view found a fertile ground within the IASB. As a result, other categories of financial institutions such as long term investment funds and those run by a family preferring a different consolidation model are now prohibited from presenting consolidated financial statement. Concerning corporate finance, chapter 7 studies the implications of different financing decisions ina novel and comprehensive sample of cases of mergers and acquisitions across and between financial institutions (banks and insurances) consummated worldwide around almost the last twodecades. In particular, it investigates (I) the relationship between the method of payment choice (i.e. if the price is paid in cash, stock or a mixture of the two) and the choice regarding the mode offinancing a business combination (including hybrid instruments) and (II) investors’ reaction at the combination announcement. As to the latter point, the use of two non-parametric tests allows todetect an interesting relationship between the market reaction at announcement and the different expected modes of financing the transaction
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Manrique, Espinoza Guillermo Alberto. "Propuesta de mejora en la contratación de personal en el IRTP con el objeto de evitar contingencias judiciales." Master's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/653859.
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El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo principal analizar la problemática detectada en el Instituto Nacional de Radio y Televisión del Perú – IRTP respecto de la interposición de demandas judiciales en materia de desnaturalización de contratos, con el fin de proponer la implementación de mecanismos que permitan disminuir la incidencia de ese tipo de demandas en el futuro.
La importancia de esta investigación radica en la posibilidad de demostrar que el uso de las órdenes de servicio para contratar personas que brinden servicios a favor de la entidad, así como las acciones realizadas por las diversas áreas usuarias de dichos servicios generan que los juzgados laborales acojan las pretensiones de los demandantes y por ende se declare la existencia de un contrato de trabajo, lo que se traduce en el pago de cuantiosas sumas de dinero por concepto de pago de sentencias judiciales.
Para realizar el presente trabajo, se consultó literatura con el objeto de presentar los elementos teóricos del contrato de trabajo, así como la desnaturalización de contratos. Asimismo, se procedió a revisar procesos judiciales sobre la materia analizada notificados en los años 2018 y 2019.
Con los resultados obtenidos se propone establecer lineamientos para mejorar el uso de las órdenes de servicio, así como un proceso donde se pueda verificar el cumplimiento de los mismos.The main objective of this research work is to analyze the problem detected in the National Institute of Radio and Television of Peru - IRTP regarding the filing of legal claims regarding the denaturing of contracts, in order to propose the implementation of mechanisms that allow reduce the incidence of such lawsuits in the future. The importance of this research lies in the possibility of demonstrating that the use of service orders to hire people who provide services in favor of the entity, as well as the actions carried out by the various user areas of said services, generate that the labor courts accept the claims of the plaintiffs and therefore the existence of an employment contract is declared, which translates into the payment of large sums of money for the payment of court judgments. To carry out this work, literature was consulted in order to present the theoretical elements of the employment contract, as well as the denaturing of contracts. Likewise, we proceeded to review judicial processes on the analyzed matter notified in 2018 and 2019. With the results obtained, it is proposed to establish guidelines to improve the use of service orders, as well as a process where they can be verified.
Tesis
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Ögren, Anders. "Empirical studies in money, credit and banking : the Swedish credit market in transition under the silver and gold standards 1834-1913." Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, EHFF - Stiftelsen för Ekonomisk-historisk och Företagshistorisk Forskning, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-1876.
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The empirical results reached in this thesis contradict the traditional theoretical view of money as being exogenously introduced into an economy as a medium of exchange intended to reduce the transactions costs associated with barter. Instead money was endogenously created in the form of credit. Thus, the long run neutrality of money also is called into question. The varying quality of different kinds of money reflects the demand for them. If legal tender was of higher quality than private promissary notes, it was because the former were in greater demand. Concisely put, the market determines the value, and therefore the quality, of various kinds of money. The principal problem addressed in this thesis is how, during the expansive nineteenth century, it was possible to satisfy the ever growing need for credit and means of payment without sacrificing the fixed exchange rate. Particular attention is paid to the private note issuing banks, the so called Enskilda banks, that dominated the Swedish banking system throughout the nineteenth century. In addition to their note issuing, the Enskilda banks were characterized by unlimited owner liability. An examination of the ongoing political process from a rational choice perspective, indicates that initially the concept of note issuing Enskilda banks enjoyed wide spread support. They were considered to be a reasonable response to the problem of establishing a commercial banking system in an illiquid economy. The distribution of political and economic power in favor of the Crown and the Nobility included their control over the issuance of bank charters. The monopolistic policy they followed in this regard, however, resulted in growing hostility towards these. As a result, starting in the middle 1860's, a more liberal attitude towards the establishment of banks began to prevail. By the end of the nineteenth century, various political interest were able to engineer the revocation of the Enskilda banks’ note issuing rights. The special characteristics of the Enskilda banks, the right to issue bank notes and the unlimited liability of their owners, have caused them to be perceived as outdated, at least once Joint Stock banks were introduced. In contrast to the Enskilda banks, these were unable to issue notes but instead provided their owners with limited liability. The thesis demonstrates that, given the initial illiquidity of the Swedish economy, the Enskilda banks actually were the more efficient alternative. Indeed, the note issuing privileges of the Enskilda banks became one of the principal factors behind the development of liquid domestic capital markets. An empirical study that includes the most basic constraints faced by the nineteenth century Swedish economy, the demands of the specie standard and the general shortages of reliable means of payment and of credit, reveals that the Enskilda bank system can not, strictly speaking, be considered an example of free banking. Instead of holding specie reserves, the Enskilda banks backed their notes with central bank (Riksbank) notes. This was not because the public preferred Enskilda bank to Riksbank notes. Rather it was the result of a monetary adverse selection process; Gresham’s Law. Previously utilized, lower quality, means of payment were replaced by Enskilda bank notes. By accepting some of the discount costs, the Enskilda banks made their notes circulate at par with Riksbank notes. Thus a domestic specie exchange system was created. The note issuance of the Enskilda banks paved the way for the deposit based commercial banking system that followed, and it was essential for the monetization of the economy that occurred during the late 1860's. The long run expansion of the money supply was unrelated to growth in Riksbank reserves, specie holdings or the monetary base. Other countries operating under the specie standard also experienced monetary growth, indicating that the specie standard actually was a system of credit. Money supply, as measured in terms of Riksbank and Enskilda bank notes held by the public, eventually reflected the level of output (GDP). VAR-tests indicated that annual changes in the level of Riksbank reserves preceded changes in the money supply which, in turn, preceded changes in the level of prices, thus supporting the price quantity theory. These results are summarized in a regression model that estimates domestic price movements as a function of current changes in international prices and GDP and of lagged changes in domestic prices and the money supply. The final chapter is an empirical analysis of the support provided to the Swedish banking system during the most severe financial crises of the nineteenth century. Maintaining the specie standard was over riding goal of the Riksbank. In times of crises, this concern prevented the Bank from supporting the banking system in accord with the classical lender of last resort recipe; to inject liquidity and briefly suspend convertibility. The thesis argues that in a transitional economy, such as that of nineteenth century Sweden, the fixed exchange rate makes it impossible in times of crisis to support the banks at all costs. Doing so might well convert a banking crisis into a currency crisis. Indeed, this is exactly what has happened in various countries on several occasions during the late twentieth century. Instead the appropriate procedure for acting as lender of last resort in a transitional economy is to initially support the banks, but only as long as central bank reserves are not exhausted. Should the seriousness of the crisis make this insufficient, the authorities should then proceed to import high powered money as a way of supplementing their reserves. The possibility that such action will be needed makes it particularly important that the country’s public finances be kept in good order.Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan, 2003. Sammanfattning på engelska
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Ortiz, Wilches Ilich. "Changement structurel et contrainte de balance des paiements dans les pays en voie d’industrialisation : une analyse comparative des trajectoires de développement de la Colombie et de la Corée du sud." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0287/document.
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La première partie de la thèse se propose de montrer commentl’analyse du changement structurel doit être abordée, pas seulement du point de vuedes conditions de l’offre mais également du point de vue de la demande. La prise encompte de ces deux aspects du processus de développement, en suivant lesanalyses de Harrod, Prebisch, Kaldor et Thirlwall, a permis d’identifier l'existenced'une contrainte structurelle à la croissance, résultant de la dynamique particulière ducommerce extérieur dans les pays les moins avancés. Les différents modèlesthéoriques qui formalisent cette restriction ont été analysés et, un test empirique aété effectué sur la Loi de Thirlwall dans cinq pays émergents (Brésil, Colombie,Singapour, Corée du Sud et la Malaisie).Dans la deuxième partie de la thèse, l’accent a été mis sur l'analyse historique duprocessus de changement structurel en Corée du Sud et en Colombie, en vue decomprendre comment les deux pays ont lutté contre cette contrainte et commentcette dernière a influé sur leur croissance à long termeIn the first part, the thesis discusses structural change, not only from offerconditions but also from the point of view of the demand parameters. Following theHarrod, Prebisch, Kaldor and Thirlwall analysis, we identified the existence of astructural constraint to growth, as a result of the particular foreign trade dynamic inthe less advanced economies (demand for imports vs. demand for exports). Weexamined the different theoretical models that formalize such restriction and, weelaborated a Thirlwall's Law empirical test in five emerging economies (Brazil,Colombia, Singapore, South Korea and Malaysia).In the second part, the thesis examines the structural change process in South Koreaand Colombia, in order to understand how these countries, have deal with thisrestriction and how it has impacted their long-term economic growth. To accomplishthis historical analysis, the key concepts of French regulation school areincorporated
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Ronet, Delphine. "Les créances de sécurite sociale et l'entreprise en difficulté : vers la contribution des organismes percepteurs au soutien de l'activité économique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX32060.
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Un affaiblissement des prérogatives de recouvrement et un renforcement de l’accompagnement : telle pourrait-être la synthèse de l’étude de l’évolution des rapports entre les organismes de sécurité sociale et les entreprises en difficulté. Progressivement, le sauvetage de l’activité a été érigé en premier objectif du droit des entreprises en difficulté ; le recouvrement des créances est relégué. Celui des créances de sécurité sociale n’échappe plus à cette dynamique. En effet, la solidarité nationale n’est plus nécessairement un vecteur de préférence suffisant, sous couvert des prérogatives exorbitantes des organismes percepteurs. Ces derniers plient sous le poids du principe d’égalité des créanciers. Des délais de grâce peuvent même leur être imposés lors des traitements amiables et de nouvelles mesures spécifiques contribuent également à amputer en toute ou partie leur recouvrement. Si les difficultés de l’entreprise affectent la perception des créances sociales (en temps et en montant), sa disparition sonne généralement le glas d’un paiement complet. La solidarité nationale reste tributaire de la bonne santé des entreprises, dont la remise sur pieds dépend souvent de l’attitude des créanciers sociaux. Voilà pourquoi ces derniers sont, en pratique et par l’effet de la réglementation, de plus en plus associés à la prévention-détection et au traitement de l’entreprise défaillante. Les outils mis à leur disposition ne cessent de se développer et de se diversifier. Leur implication auprès des entreprises en difficulté est d’autant plus envisageable que les limites qui pourraient leur être posées, sont en réalité assez faibles (responsabilité pour soutien abusif, aides d’Etat …). En définitive, le droit du recouvrement des créances de sécurité sociale a, en quelques années, tant évolué que l’on assiste désormais à un changement de paradigme dont l’un des enjeux est de placer les créanciers sociaux au cœur de cette mutationA weakening of the powers of recovery and a strengthening of support: you it could be the summary of the study of the changing relationship between social security institutions and enterprises in difficulty. Gradually, the rescue activity was erected in the first goal of the law firms in difficulty. Debt collection is relegated. The claims of social security more immune to this dynamic. Indeed, national solidarity is not necessarily a vector preferably sufficient, under the guise of exorbitant prerogatives organizations collectors. These bend under the weight of the principle of equality of creditors. Grace periods may even be imposed on them during treatment amicable and specific new measures, also contribute to amputate all or part of their collection. If the company's difficulties affect the perception of social claims (in time and amount), its disappearance usually sounds the death knell of a full payment. National solidarity remains dependent on the health of companies, including the re-establishment often depends on the social attitude of creditors. That's why they are in practice and the effect of regulation, increasingly associated with the prevention, detection and treatment of the failing firm. The tools available to them continue to grow and diversify. Their involvement with companies in trouble is all the more possible that the limits that might be asked, are actually quite low (liability for improper support, state aid ...). Ultimately, the debt collection law social security in recent years evolved as we are now witnessing a paradigm shift in which one of the challenges is to put creditors at the heart of this social change
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Vilarinho, Paulo Ferreira. "Dinâmica de construção de relações sociais: estudo dos valores sociais no contexto da saúde suplementar no Brasil." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2009. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/2573.
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Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-04T12:42:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Previous issue date: 2009O presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar a evolução dos fatores históricos que ensejaram a formação do atual desenho do setor de saúde suplementar no Brasil, tendo por principal base teórica a teoria da estruturação de Anthony Giddens. A pesquisa utiliza o método da análise de documentos e entrevistas semi-estruturadas, envolvendo a análise qualitativa dos dados coletados com vistas à compreensão dos fenômenos estudados, segundo a perspectiva dos atores. Neste sentido, a pesquisa identifica os principais atores que compõem a estrutura do setor e suas relações recíprocas, inferindo sobre os recursos de poder utilizados, procurando mostrar, por meio de uma descrição histórica linear, com cortes em fatos determinantes, a evolução da constituição do setor. Ao final, o estudo mostra que o setor da saúde suplementar se formou a partir de inúmeras ações do Estado, principalmente após a década de setenta, como fruto de uma estratégia alternativa de disseminação de serviços de saúde à população brasileira. O estudo avalia que os fenômenos da crescente longevidade da população brasileira e aconseqüente redução nos postos de trabalho e na renda familiar poderão acarretar uma elitização do setor da saúde suplementar representando um grave problema para o final da próxima década para este sensível segmento da política social do governo brasileiro.
The aim of the present study is to analyze the evolution of the historical and institutional elements that generate the current design of the private health market in Brazil. Its main theoretical basis is the Theory of Structuration, by Anthony Giddens. The research’ data were collected through documents and semi structured interviews involving the qualitative analyze due to understand the field’s phenomena under an actors’ perspective. The research identifies the several players that integrate the market, and their reciprocal relationship besides of the powers’ resources used to reach them. Thus, it tries to show, through a historic linear description, and emphasis in the determinant facts, the evolution of the market’s constitution. The study demonstrates that the field had formed from several Estate’ actions, basically after the past seventy’ decade, as result of a alternative Government’ strategy towards a Brazilian population’s dissemination plan of health’ services that enforced the institutionalization of social structures, with a strong internal interaction. In the end, the study estimates that the crescent longevity’ Brazilian’s population and the consequent work’s dismiss may cause a private health’ elitism conforming a future problem in this sensible segment of the social politics of the Brazilian government.
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Liou, Jyun-Jie, and 劉濬頡. "A Case Study of Mobile Payment on Financial Institution." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92nbs9.
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碩士國立臺灣科技大學
財務金融研究所
107
The purpose of writing the research is to discuss the most fashionable topic:” mobile payment”. The research focuses on the past, now and future development of mobile payment. What is the global trend in mobile payment? Why these countries develop the mobile payment to what we see today? The research mostly plays the role from the view of the bank but will also play roles from others’ view in the industry, such as authority, consumer, telecommunication operator, other players in finance industry and e-commerce operators, etc. The research is written by the method of the case study research and in-depth interview. By collecting literatures and successful cases in developing mobile payment to find references for the development in Taiwan; To find the reaction, the role of players and the goal of development in industry by in-depth interview. The research list some findings below:（1）There are some factors and background on the way developing mobile payment.Take Taiwan’s case for example, it is hard to change the consumer behavior in the short run. （2）The attitude of bank in developing in mobile payment is cooperation instead of competition. The bank will find players with advantages in the industry to cooperate with them. The purpose is to find the new customers and to build the relationships with them. （3）The attitude of authority is a vital factor.
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HUANG, YA-SEN, and 黃亞森. "The Impact of Emerging Technology Development on the Legal System of Payment Systems and its Future Development: a Case Study of the Act Governing Electronic Payment Institution." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/kr68k7.
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碩士國立臺北大學
法律學系一般生組
106
The development of the internet and technology has changed rapidly in recent years. Not only affects information communication but also gradually affects the traditional value transmission system-financial industry. This change has been called “Fintech” which means a new financial industry that applies technology to improve financial activities, such as the third-party payment service using a software as a service model and form a single payment gateway for their clients to multiple payment methods. Taiwan promulgated “the Act Governing Electronic Payment Institutions” in 2015, and pursuant to the Act, it defines the “electronic payment institution” that operates an Internet electronic payment platform and serves as an intermediary where the users can register and open an account for recording money transfers and deposits of monetary value. However, what is the difference between electronic payment institution and the traditional electronic payment institution, as well as the concept of electronic money, third-party payment, and mobile payment, all of them remains to be explored. And in 2008, a paper called "Bitcoin: Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash Payment System" published on the Internet starting the development of cryptocurrency. This new type of electronic cash presents a completely different characteristic form the past virtual property. What is its nature and how to characterize it? In addition, because the term "third-party payment" is taken from China and the third-party payment business and mobile payment are booming in China. Therefore, it is necessary to study the relevant concept meanings and its legal system on the payment service industry. On the other hand, Japan promulgated "Payment Services Act" in 2009, allowing the non-bank institutions to operate funds transfer in order to promote the development of payment services. Moreover, in 2016, the cryptocurrency and cryptocurrency exchange was taken into regulation in this Act, which defines cryptocurrency and cryptocurrency exchange. Accordingly, this article mainly compares the legal experience and related concepts of Japan and China. In order to have a complete understanding of these new types of payment providers and the concept of cryptocurrency. This article will first discuss the feature and concept of electronic payment and correctly clarify the definition of third-party payment and its concept of other countries so as to clearly understand the concept and the outline of third-party payment. Second, take an intensive study of the Payment Services Act of Japan and the regulation of China for third-party payment and cryptocurrency. Third, introduce the structure of the Act Governing Electronic Payment Institutions in Taiwan, discuss its sub-laws and the relationship with other laws, and to study and review its shortcoming. Finally, study and review the impact of the third-party payment service industry, electronic payment industry and mobile payment on traditional payment services, as well as discuss the cryptocurrency and the nature of ICO behavior.
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Chu, Hung-Hui, and 朱紅橞. "An empirical study on internet traders using the third-party payment service: The case of a non-financial institution." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/zpux9e.
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碩士淡江大學
會計學系碩士在職專班
101
As online consumers are concerned about the security of online payment and personal account data that influences the development of e-commerce. However, the third-party payment service that has developed for many years maintains its growth in a sound way in variety countries. The online payment service in this regard began in Taiwan in 2012, then development so far, that has not been widely available and there are still few studies on third-party payment service from the perspective of internet traders. This study aims to discuss the key factors that affect internet trader’s intention of using third-party payment service, and the research results are expected to provide references for competent authorities and dealers’ development. With a non-financial institution that set up the third-party payment service as the research subject, the study adopted the questionnaire survey to collect data and then discussed the relationship between diffusion of innovations, institution based trust, perceived risk and adoption intention. The results indicate that the comparative advantage, complexity and observability of diffusion of innovations have significant impact on internet trader’s intention of using the third-party payment service. The more internet traders trust the institution based trust mechanism of the third-party payment service, the less perceived risk of the service they have; the better the effect of reducing perceived risk of the third-party payment service, the more adoption intention they have. It is also found out that internet traders’ sense of trust to institution based trust mechanism of the third-party payment service can indirectly increase users’ adoption intention by perceived risk reduction.
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Chen, Xin-Bei, and 陳心蓓. "Civil Legal Relations between the Third-Party Payment Institution as an Escrow Agent and the Parties of Sale of Goods." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43076442766986529468.
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TANG, CHIH-HSIEN, and 湯志賢. "On Legal Risks of Third-Party Payments and Necessity of Regulatory Supervision- Also Comment on the Electronic Payment Processing Institutions Act." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/hg7rp3.
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碩士銘傳大學
法律學系碩士班
104
With the rapid development of internet third-party payments today, cross-border fund flows for payments are constantly changing, electronic commerce has been developed without any limitation and application of law、international jurisdiction、dispute settlement mechanisms and other issues arising from cross-border business activities have also surfaced. To meet the financial mechanism requirement of e-commerce activities, many countries are working on policy adjustments and the making of related laws. The United States took the lead in developing its Uniform Money Services Act so that non-bank institutions which meet certain criteria may receive licenses issued by the competent authorities and conduct part of the banking business. People's Bank of China promulgated Non-financial Institution Payment Service Management Measures which covers a variety of technological payments, including debit cards、online payment、prepaid card payment and bank card payment and other payment services. Japan which is adjacent to Taiwan passed Payment Services Act in 2010, and the EU also proposed Payment Service Directive and Electronic Money Directive as the norm and regulations for third-party payments. All these countries understand that the new payment model will give rise to many risk issues. Because the third-party payment related laws and regulations are still in the embryonic stage in our country, to maintain market transaction security and prevent risks which may be caused by third-party payments, we need to pay more attention to issues which arise fund risk management and transaction security risk in the rapid growth of third-party payments. In recent years the electronic commerce in our country is also developing very fast, but the related legal system and supporting mechanism are not yet perfected, and therefore there is a certain degree of unknown legal risks. This article will discuss third-party payment related legal risk issues and the necessity of regulatory supervision. In addition to study the development of third-party payment,the thesis will go a step further to discuss about the comparative study on the legal system of third party payment service in USA,EU and China.，Hence the saying: " know yourself and know your enemy, and you will never be defeated. " At last, the study focuses on Electronic Payment Processing Institutions Act and related sub-laws in our country are summarized to clarify the current regulatory framework in our country for third-party payments, the author makes a comprehensive discussion on third-party payment legal developmant in taiwan with relevant law trends in focus countries, and puts forword the suggestions for the legal system in taiwan, and make recommendations for the future improvement of our electronic payment Act.，third-party payment should run in compliance with it and thus consumer rights are protected, so as to make the e-commerce service model in our country more sophisticated and innovative. the legal system and industry trends for creating a more favorable business environment to those companies on internet. and hopefully enhance the development of the global electronic commerce market .
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Chen, Yuan-Wen, and 陳媛玟. "The Development and Business Model of Third-Party Payment under the Payment Processing Institutions Act." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27183985837024236290.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
財務金融組
103
After the internet has become the important fundamental instrument for the data/information dissemination and exchange, enterprise starts to use internet doing commercial trading and thus e-commerce had become an emerging business trading model. With the development of the ICT technology, the e-commerce is booming and results in dramatic changes in the flows of people, goods, information and funds. It also brings the birth of many new payment methods and instruments. The third-party payment comes up under such background. This Thesis mainly focuses on three aspects to analyze and discuss in the following orders: (1) basic documents aspect: to discuss the definitions and types of “e-commerce”, “e-payment” and “third-party payment”, and the connections among them so that to use them as the research basis; (2) regulation and regulatory supervision structure aspects: first of all, to discuss the regulation and regulatory supervision methods concerning the third-party payment; and secondly, to discuss the current supervision situation of the third-party payment before the Payment Processing Institutions Act (the “Act”) takes effect; and lastly, to analyze and discuss the content of the Act; and (3) the development of the third-party payment industry aspect: thoroughly visit the development of the third-party payment industry, and from specific cases study to explore the business models and the possible development in the future by three types of enterprises, including banks, e-commerce companies, and on-line game companies, and further analyze the business trend of the entire third-party payment industry. In the end, this Thesis concludes the following three research comments: (1) the emerging of the third-party payment cannot be ignored by the government, enterprises and consumers; (2) enacting a more clear playing rules so that the third-party companies can comply with; and (3) the three main niche areas for the future competition in the third-party payment industry will be: online shopping mall; O-2-O mobile payment; and cross-border payment.
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林筠芳. "The Influence of Innovative Electronic Payment Instruments after the Enactment of “The Act Governing Electronic Payment Institutions”." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/926ken.
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碩士逢甲大學
財經法律研究所
105
With the development of technology, online shopping is no longer the problem, the rapid development of e-commerce, brought a series of opportunities in the payment section, electronic payment became one of the most fiery payment tools available today. In order to protect the right of consumers, and improve the e-commerce payment service Taiwan finally developed “The Act Governing Electronic Payment Institutions” in 2015, to ensure that third-party payment transaction security. In other country such as America there already has Paypal and in China there has Alipay. To regulate Thirdparty Payment enacted related laws. We can learn more from them. The study is going to introduce the influence after enacted “The Act Governing Electronic Payment Institutions”. And foreign corporation will face some problem after enacted the law. Finally, it offers some practical suggestions from international experience, which could be expected as the reference for the the executive branch and future policyr to
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Hsin, Huang Ming, and 黃明星. "Supervision of the Third Party Payment on E-Commerce – Take the Act Governing Electronic Payment Institutions as Example." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5ecn79.
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碩士南臺科技大學
財經法律研究所
104
Along with the sound and popular development of the Internet infrastructure, which allow the daily transaction volume of E-commerce soar and change everyday life and shopping habit of the people worldwide. According to Financial Supervisory Commission R.O.C. (Taiwan), the E-Commerce transaction volume of Taiwan was Eight Hundred Eighty Billion NT dollars in 2014. Such tremendous amount forced the commission to pay close attention on the logistics and cash flow order, while the transaction volume on E-commerce implied the mutual faith and trust on both parties, thus the third-party payment was invented as a new way. Relatively speaking, the mistrust to transaction of E-commerce of the two parties will disappear when the transaction is done through the third-party payment institution. Therefore, the supervision of the third-party payment institution is important. Taiwan started to enact the “Act Governing Electronic Payment Institutions” to control the third-party payment institutions in 2015. This essays aims to explore the mode of the third-party payment institution to understand the degree of trust of the consumers to the third-party payment institution, further, to analyze the development and supervision of the third-party payment on E-commerce at China and USA, the biggest transaction volume on E-commerce, as well as the demand for economic development and legal regulations in Taiwan so as to offer advice on the third-party payment regulations, hoping the governing departments will treat those institutions and the legal problems need to be solved for consumers more seriously so as to guarantee the rights of both sides and to enhance the economic development.
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HUANG, YAO-TING, and 黃耀霆. "Exploring the Support of Mobile Payment by Financial Institutions and Retailers." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ht2wg7.
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碩士亞洲大學
經營管理學系碩士在職專班
107
With the development of mobile technology and the advancement of network technology, smart phones have become a staple in payment tools used in Taiwan. The online shopping era has gradually become the time for mobile shopping, and new payment methods are continuously being invented. Due to the frequent and variety of use, the danger of online scams and credit card theft have consumers doubting transaction security, which affects mobile payment use. This study surveys the public and their choice of mobile payments, we also factor in financial institution support as well as retailer support, discuss the perceived ease of use, usefulness, willingness to use, and user behavior. This study uses the technology acceptance model in researching financial institutional and retailer support and how it may affect customers, and the effects of mobile payment intentions. As the basis of this research, 176 online surveys on mobile payment use were distributed to the general public, and only 106 were deemed valid. Research results showed that financial institutions support the use of mobile payments and its consumers. Retailers support consumers to have a positive and significant impact on their perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. Financial institutions support and retailers support the perception of consumer mobile payments. The results show that ease of use, perceptual usefulness, use intentions, attitude, are all positive and show a significant impact in actual mobile payment use.
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Shu-Chuan, Wu, and 吳淑娟. "A Study of Trusted Transaction Security Internal Control for Electronic Payment Institutions." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87413061986695627645.
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碩士國立中正大學
會計資訊與法律數位學習碩士在職專班
104
After electronic payment institution regulations on the road, because the real name system complete identity confirmation mechanism, elevate the past online shopping e-commerce without prior registration threshold, coupled with the stored value and export accounts, the amount of import restrictions and special law yet open financial services, electronic payment mechanism with other information systems and security control standard reference work on the way in information security, "the threshold of ten minutes," and other factors, resulting in the industry for highly specialized supervision law have different voices. Also compared to other industries, electronic payment mechanism is part of a deeper level of information technology industry, which reference the relevant papers electronic payments, electronic payment institution regulations and its 16 affiliated child Law and ISO / IEC 27001: 2013 (Information Security Management system international standard) 14 control, 35 control objectives and 114 control programs, risk factors summarized in five categories of electronic payment institution, a transaction integrity and security risks. Second, the fund custody credit risk. Third, information security operational risk. Fourth, the market environment, competitive risks. Fifth, regulatory compliance risks. The results from the study that its user transaction limit, delivery level control funds management operations of the project performance level has to meet the requirements on the degree of implementation, resources should be moved to the next level of implementation is particularly important improvement projects, including users pay indicating portion, because the payment instructions for the notification of a transfer of operations to avoid error indications or invalid instructions, affecting the interests of users, so that the implementation of stringency should be strengthened; in the outsourcing business management section, although based on specialization considerations, will outsourcing of non-core business, but relates to the security of user data, it expects to enhance supervision and management of outsourcing; user data confidentiality in part, electronic payment should ensure privacy and security of data transactions, and maintain the accuracy of the data processing; financial consumer protection operations to a third person most in need of attention to the fraudulent use of user accounts; and information systems and security controls and regulatory compliance work is equally valued, so how to use information technology to collect supervision system and the statutory requirement to provide relevant analysis and management and reduce operational risk, are the future direction can be hard.
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Chang, Shiou-Yu, and 張秀玉. "The Development of Electronic Payment Business in the Banking Industry after the Enactment of “The Act Governing Electronic Payment Institutions”." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52952734467968031385.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
財務金融組
104
Third-party payment has been a popular topic in recent years, and the regulations for third payment are finally implemented in May 2015. Before the enactment, banking institutions and non-financial institutions devoting in internet virtual account for online deposit along with non-financial institution conducting funds transfer service based on non-real transactions lacked legal basis. Eventually, under ardent expectations, and for the better off in payment services, “The Act Governing Electronic Payment Institutions” (hereby called, “the Act”) has finally been formulated. The main subject of the Act includes specialized electronic payment institutions and dual-status electronic payment institutions. Banking industry had always taken a part as dual-status electronic payment institutions offering payment services. However, as the Act is implemented, the payment services will no longer be banking institutions’ specialty. The institutions offering new e-payment tools with many e-commerce opportunities will inevitably impact the banking institutions. This study will discuss the representative third-party payment institutions, United States’ PayPal and China’s Alipay, by inquiring into their business models, and using China’s Alipay as reference to discourse its coopetition relationship with the banking industry. Thereby the future impact of third-party payment model to banking industry in Taiwan and their coopetition relationship could be examined as well. Reviewing on the Act and related law is to understand the government’s supervision on electronic payment institution. Finally, the banking industry’s future developments for electronic payment services are summed up. With the enactment of the Act, various electronic payment institutes will introduce different newly developed electronic payment services to attract consumers. The development could help strengthen Taiwan’s electronic payment industry instantly to catch up with the globalize progress, nurture Taiwan’s localization e-payment services, and flourish the e-commerce industry. As for the banking industry, the newly enacted Act allows non-financial institutions to enter the payment market, which certainly will cut down the banking industry’s profit in the payment service performances. However this new policy could also bring out new variety of business models, introducing innovative financial services. In addition, every payment connects the consumer’s lifestyle with the big data developed that makes the banking industry maximize the potential of data value behind each transaction, innovating commercial opportunities. To sum up, this study aims to analyze the banking industry’s development strategies after the enactment of the Act— e.g., organizational restructuring, talent construction, and horizontal alliances. Electronic payment service’s upcoming development trends— e.g., developing local O2O market, cross-border O2O market, convergence business models for complementary strengths, banking industry’s intense competition that makes the big ones get bigger, etc.
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CHENG, HUEY-FANG, and 鄭惠方. "A Case Study of Mobile Payments Strategies on Financial Institutions." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/62808161517197982686.
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碩士國立臺灣科技大學
財務金融研究所
104
The popularity of mobile device and network development have facilitated the rise of e-commerce websites and community websites. Such transformation has changed the way people live nowadays. No matter what people want to do, just take out their cellphones and open a website then they can do almost everything. The mobile device has become more and more popular in nowadays. It’s not so necessary for people to make financial transactions face to face. In other words, bank is not a necessary exsistence for providing financial services. Traditional financial services have gradually declined in presence. New financial services like mobile payment, online insurance services have become a leading trend in financial market. This research means to discuss how the banking system can survive with the rise of new financial services and how to make good use of resources to provide much better financial services in bank’s prospective. Besides, how banks use this new financial technology to facilitate their financial services and make more profit will be discussed in this research as well.
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Su, Yu Ning, and 蘇郁甯. "A Study on the Legal Analysis of Mobile Payment and Supervision of Cross-Border Service Provided by Third-Party Payment Institutions." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/08054410130276390916.
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碩士國立政治大學
法律學系
104
As time progresses, payment instruments have innovated time to time. In recent years, Mobile Payment and Third-Party payment have played important roles in the payment system. The applications of them have lots in common, but the concept of them are still not clearly defined. This essay will further clarify the relationship between Mobile Payment and Third-Party payment, enumerate the commercial modes derived from both, and then prove the difference between them. Mobile Payment has derived many type of commercial modes, including electronic money, invoices sent by mobile network operator, account-combined payment and online third-party payment, etc……This essay, in the first place, will clarify the ways of funds flowing and participants in the payment system in each commercial mode, and then discuss the interior legal relations, legal characterizations and the external governances. This study also puts emphasis on introduction of governance on each commercial mode in Taiwan, and especially focus on The Act Governing Electronic Payment Institutions, explaining the defects in this act and referring opinions of practice and Academia. At last, after generalizing and analyzing, this essay will propose perspectives and suggestions individually. Operating Cross-border transaction has become an inevitable trend for emerging payment instruments. This study also set cross-border service provided by third-party payment institutions as another study object, analyzing the legal issues it may occur and legal supervisions in Taiwan. The ways of cross-border service provided by third-party payment regulation used by foreign legislations are worth observing and learning. This study will introduce and compare the enactments of USA, Singapore and China. After all, the essay will try to make personal recommendations and provide new direction of governance in this part.
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CHUNG, MIN-HSUAN, and 鐘敏瑄. "Discussion on the Developments of Electronic Payment Institutions in Taiwan from Financial Innovation." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28d55k.
Full textAbstract:
碩士東吳大學
法律學系
106
FinTech has been the latest in the global communications industry since 2014. In June 2015, the World Economic Forum published a research report entitled “The Future of Financial Services”, which analyzed the future of the financial services industry and how disruptive innovation reshapes the structure, supply and consumption of the financial services industry. Faced with the active investment of R&D and innovation in various financial services applications, the current financial institutions are facing more changes in the operating environment and competitive pressures. Since 2015, the Financial Institutions Oversight Committee has launched the “Building a Digital Financial Environment 3.0” project to help the financial services industry introduce technological innovation, use technology to support the development of the financial services industry, and deepen and expand technology for the financial industry. To improve the competitiveness of the financial services industry, and analyze the five major aspects of financial services, innovation and research, talent cultivation, risk management, and infrastructure construction. The plan is to develop the vision of “innovating digital technology and building smart finance” in 2020. "Payment" is one of the important core functions of financial services. In recent years, with the increasing popularity of e-commerce and online shopping, and the emergence of new payment and e-wallets based on mobile devices and connected devices, the development of electronic payment has been promoted. However, according to the survey conducted by the Institute of Industrial Intelligence, the Taiwanese still use credit cards and cash as the main payment tools. The "E-payment ratio for the five-year multiplication plan" of the FSC has set the e-payment ratio to 52% of the target in 2020. How’s going to achieve the goal? Moreover, financial technology is "Disruptive Innovation" in nature. Although it provides new levels of consumer choice and promotes competition, it may pose challenges to existing supervision regulations. In the face of this innovative model, the competent authority should supervise and control the angles, attitudes and methods to strike a balance between the “Regular Inclusion” that is recognized by the regulatory order and disruptive innovation.
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Huang, Wei-Chi, and 黃威淇. "A Study on the Supervision of the Third-Party Payment Service in Taiwan–Take the Act Governing Electronic Payment Institutions as Example." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/zfcyd2.
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碩士中原大學
財經法律研究所
105
With the progress and development of Internet technology, the transaction online known as e-commerce has become part of people’s lives. However, the buyer and seller on the Internet do not know each other and thus it is difficult for one to trust the other hiding behind the Internet. Therefore, the payment tools in the online transaction, such as traditional ATM transfer, credit card payment, deductions from entity accounts, and pre-payment for purchasing value, have become unable to meet the needs of users and restricted the development of the online transaction, hence the appearance of the third party payment service. Such service provides the users with a much greater guarantee of a safe transaction mainly through the financing ability of the third party payment companies, and cooperates with the banks, conducting the prepaid/stored value operation similar to the deposit so that the trust issues on the Internet are resolved and the buyer and seller can feel comfortable carrying out transactions, which also accelerates the development of e-commerce. However, the third party payment service including retaining funds, receiving in advance stored-value and the non-real transactions of “money transfers between electronic payment accounts” also involves the operations of deposit and remittance handled exclusively by traditional financial institutions. Thus, to avoid the controversy arising over application of laws and regulations, specific laws have been made by other countries to regulate the third party payment service providers not belonging to financial institutions. Furthermore, in Taiwan, the competent authority originally holding the conservative, rigorous views on such issues finally made and announced in February 2015 the specific law on the third party payment—Electronic Payment Act, which was implemented in May 2015. Nevertheless, many problems still remain controversial that require further discussion. In addition to investigating the regulation development of the third party payment service, this paper also explores the similarities and differences between the specific law on the third party payment made in Taiwan and the international trend of such legislation, and proposes the evaluation and analysis of the existing specific law and its relevant disputes by making a comparison between the important examples of legislation on the third party payment in the world and current regulations in Taiwan.
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Li, WEN-YUAN, and 李文元. "Study on the Payment Processing Institutions Act of the Legal Issues of E-Commerce Industry." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/fgpb7p.
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碩士中原大學
財經法律研究所
103
Owing to the multi-function purpose of the Internet nowadays, the business transaction of E-Commerce is no longer limited to the time and the space. E-Commerce has no store rental costs and it is opening for 24 hours. However, the risks and several kinds of the trade disputes of E-Commerce are bound to be different from the past business types. For example: (1) Uncertain trading targets (2) Unable to view the goods in advance (3) If the expression was acting under a mistake, may he revoke the expression? (4) Do we have the 7 days trial period for the several other services, such as accommodations, gym services and escorted tours? The consumers’ concerns are the payment security during the E-Commerce transaction. This paper studies the disputes of the E-Commerce transaction, including B2C and C2C. This study shows that the legal issues of the trading procedures between the consumers and E-Commerce industry. In addition to the problems related to the Consumer Protection Act, we also make a study of the civil law contracts. The “Payment Processing Institutions Act” was made at the Third Reading on January 16, 2015 in the Legislative Yuan and the Act will take effect as of May 3, 2016 of promulgation. This emerging mode of payment concerning the “Payment Processing Institutions Act” is not only in relation with the E-Commerce transaction but also related to its development in the future. It is worth exploring its influence on the industry subsequently.
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Li, Ting-Yu, and 黎庭佑. "Exploring the Institutional Entrepreneurship Process and Strategy of Innovative Industry：The Case of Electronic Payment." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2t3798.
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碩士國立臺北教育大學
社會與區域發展學系碩士班
107
This paper analyzes the strategic practice and process of institutional change in the FinTech Electronic Payment industry. In theory, we according to the theory of institutional entrepreneurship, exploring the different time and space characteristics of institutional entrepreneurs, how to implement strategic actions to change institutions and innovation systems and shape new industrial environments. In terms of method, we through the collection of a large number of secondary materials and semi-structured interviews, understand who plays the role of institutional entrepreneurs in the innovation process of the electronic payment industry. And through discussion and analysis, explain the actual strategic actions and time-space evolution of institutional entrepreneurs. Finally, we explain the initial context of institutional entrepreneurship activities and show that entrepreneurs play an important role in the process of institutional change, helping the field structure through its legitimate strategic proposition and resource integration in a suitable space environment. Change to achieve the results of the innovation system.
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Chen, Tai-Cheng, and 陳泰成. "Third-Party Payment Internet Cash Flow Business Model –An Empirical Study of Financial Institutions Prepaid Business." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27v24x.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
管理學院經營管理EMBA專班
102
This study aimed to explore the future strategic direction of Third-party Payment Internet cash flow business model. Another expansion of financial services and financial value-added services to financial institutions prepaid business, for example, relevant literature and secondary data collection, analysis of industry information, using the theory of the business model, to white, policy-based operations, mining depth interviews individual experts , according to the results of analysis of interviews with financial institutions to explore how to use Third-party Payment prepaid business, adjust the business model, the development of a unique business model and competitive advantages, to find a viable blue ocean market, and the use of Third-party Payment platform to enhance the security of transactions and services benefits. In this study, Osterwalder and Pigneur (2012) proposed nine elements of the business model for the study of architecture, incorporating target customer, value proposition, channels, customer relationships, revenue streams, key resources, key activities, key partners, cost structure, etc. explore the third-party payment network for cash flow business model. Financial institutions in the face of the competitive environment of the Red Sea, through third-party Internet payment cash flow business model innovation, the pursuit of both white, outside the market, market, value proposition to meet the needs of potential customers, and create new revenue streams from the cost structure analysis and structure to help the financial sector in the face of global competition, remains the core competitiveness. Another discussion interview outline compiled in accordance with the views of experts in squared third-party payment business model innovation network diagram analysis of cash flow, will show the results of a comprehensive study to explain the business model of hope by this business model innovation to explore the results to help domestic financial industry to develop operating policy reference.