Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pays ACP – Et les relations économiques internationales'
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Yonan, Franck. "Les sanctions économiques et la protection des droits fondamentaux dans le partenariat entre l'Union européenne et les États ACP." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012VERS019S.
Full textThe implementation of a European policy of fundamental rights external protection has conducted to the establishment of economic sanctions mechanisms in the agreements concluded with third countries. Nonetheless, none of those has been as successful as the one set up within the framework of ACP-EU relations. This mechanism is the most elaborate of all, the primus inter pares. Its level of refinement and its frequent activation strengthen this unique character. While underlining its specificities and results, the present research aims at going beyond the comparison with similar mechanisms inserted in the other European external agreements. The purpose is to demonstrate that the ACP-EU conventional mechanism, despite playing an innovative role, does not constitute a self-sufficient regime. Its perenniality is contingent upon an articulation with the action of international organisations in the field of fundamental rights protection and, also, upon its improvement
Nikabou, Lantame Jean. "Les conventions ACP-EU et les sanctions économiques de l'Union européenne contre les Etats ACP : le cas du Togo." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAA038/document.
Full textCotonou agreement, signed in June 2000, between the EU and African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) Countries, is characterized by the respect of Human Rights, Democratic standards and Rule of Law in one side, and the quest for compliance with the standards principles of World trade Organization (WTO) in the other side. Since then the development policy implemented by Europe for ACP Countries was created with the Treaty of Rome which established European Development Funds, in favor of these countries. For many years, this partnership, mainly economic, has given huge benefits to ACP countries to ensure their development. For almost two decades that the political standards rules were introduced into this partnership, no doubt to notice that some countries, including Togo, are still reluctant to introduce real democratic reforms to ensure effective political changes. Despite sanctions here and there from the European Union, these countries find support from China who treats with African countries, a specific partnership excluding any Civil Society
Valétudie, Franciane. "Les échanges commerciaux et la spécialisation des économies insulaires caribéennes dans le cadre de leurs relations avec l'Union européenne." Antilles-Guyane, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AGUY0317.
Full textYoda, Cyrille. "Les enjeux de l'Accord de Partenariat Economique (AEP) entre l'Union européenne et les pays ACP : implications pour l'Afrique de l'Ouest et le Burkina Faso." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAB013.
Full textEconomic relations between the European Union (EU) and the African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States (ACP) have been characterized by non-reciprocal preferential trade agreements. These trade agreements have been continuously criticized for being incompatible with WTO rules. In order to conform to the norms of international trade, the EU has required that its economic relations with the ACP states are governed by the Economic Partnership Agreements (EPA), which are negotiated with three African Regional Economic Communities. After more than twelve years of negotiations, the countries of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) have signed the EPA with the EU, despite differing opinions on the real benefits that can be expected from such agreements. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the impact of the EPA on the economies of the ECOWAS (in terms of trade creation and diversion), in particular Burkina Faso. The study uses a modified version of the computable general equilibrium model developed in Decaluwé et al. (2013). The static baseline model is calibrated using a social accounting matrix (SAM) for Burkina Faso’s economy of 2012. Our results show that the APE give the EU a competitive advantage. Burkina Faso’s imports originating from the EU increase, manifesting trade diversion. The trade agreements have no significant effect on Burkina Faso’s exports to the EU or the ECOWAS. Furthermore, while the APE considerably improve population well-being, they do not lower poverty or social inequalities
Royé, Isabelle. "La réintégration de l'Afrique du Sud dans la communauté internationale : l'exemple des relations avec l'Union Européenne." Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00646469.
Full textRouchet, Geneviève. "L'Evolution de la notion de développement entre l'Europe et l'Afrique (les conventions de Lomé I, de Lomé II et de Lomé III)." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010262.
Full textSaint-Chamaran, Alice H. "Les Communautés européennes et l'Australie." Paris 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA020013.
Full textKaboré, Valérie Edwige. "Les relations commerciales entre l'Union européenne et les états d'Afrique, des Caraïbes et du Pacifique." Rouen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ROUED013.
Full textThe EU Trade relations with the ACP States were characterised for a long time by giving preferential treatment in favour of these latter ones without reciprocity. This preferential framework, however, did not end the ACP States’ economic marginalization, and was finally denounced because of its incompatibility with the legal rules of the WTO. The EU was repeatedly condemned and had to make its preferential scheme WTO compatible. Henceforth, it requires that its trade relations with ACP States be governed by Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs). These new agreements are intended to set up free trade zones between the EU and the ACP regional configurations. Now, due to difficulties because of disagreements on certain legal clauses, which are not favorable to the economic development of ACP States, the negotiations are still in process and major ones have not been finalised. The slowness of the negotiations and the fear of losing their access to the European market, has caused some ACP States to already make a commitment individually to interim EPAs. Sadly doing this has put in danger the process of the regional integration. The ACP States should envisage from now on legal alternatives to the EPAs, which are both compatible with the law of the WTO and which answer their specific needs of development
Moucannas-Mazen, Rita. "Le droit arabo-islamique et les relations économiques internationales : étude théorique du contrat de venye." Paris 13, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA131021.
Full textIn this research paper, we have stressed mainly on the sell contract, as it was elaborated by the islamic tradition and fiqh, for the purpose of extracting the general principles which still are at the base or commercial relations of and with the arab contries (international exchange). As for the reception of western laws (especially the french ones), we ought to face the problem of evolution of islamic law vis-a-vis the evolution of the law itself and vis-a-vis modernnity. The approach to these questions, depending on and beginning with their historical evolution, have been done on the level of islamic law as much as on the actual state of practicability and modern positive laws inspired from the west : our problematic is relevant to the passage of the arab islamic countries from a distributionnal society to a productive society. In face of the reception of foreign laws, we have the persistent reference to the islamic law. Taking in consideration this reference on a general level, we have chosen a precise exemple : the kuwaitian law. As the for second part of this research, its articulation to the first part will permit the demonstration of the passage of the arabic contries from an islamic law to a law with a codified form wich express, more than ever the role of the state in the national construction of the enterprise? (. . . )
Posset, Régis. "Les relations entre l’Union européenne et les pays ACP : un nouveau partenariat privilégie." Paris 10, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA100005.
Full textThe European Union and ACP countries have maintained for several decades say privileged relations; This relationship began in 1957 under the Treaty of Rome, and then have evolved and have grown dramatically. As the Lomé Conventions to which it succeeds, the Cotonou Agreement of june 23, 2000 is a unique combination of political, trade and development. It aims to renew efficiently the instruments and processes of development assistance; Its ultimate goal is poverty eradication in the ACP countries and their increased integration into the global economy. The principles and methods used make it possible to achieve this great challenge? That is the purpose of this study; His findings show that changes are under way, but that much remains to be done to achieve a significant reduction of poverty. The first part looks back at the past from cooperation with multiple dimensions; In this section, are treated successively its genesis, its evolution, its functioning and avatars. The second part deals with the present; She is devoted to the examination of the legal basis and the prospects of the Agreement. The analysis calls for a renewed partnership with a dual aim: to bring useful insights to his knowledge, and make a modest contribution to its understanding
Diallo, Amadou. "La dimension politique du partenariat U. E. / A. C. P. Depuis l'Accord de Cotonou : défis, enjeux et perspectives." Reims, 2008. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000967.pdf.
Full textThe Cotonou Agreement establishes a strategic framework for relations between the EU and countries A. C. P. (African, Caribbean and Pacific). It was signed on 23 June 2000 at Cotonou in Benin and revised on 25 June 2005 in Luxembourg. The new rules cover a wide range of topics as the strengthening of political dialogue, streamlining of financial instruments of development assistance and economic and trade cooperation closer in line with the gradual establishment of Economic Partnership Agreements regional. This new agreement focuses on five key strategic points. First, strengthening political relations between the ACP States and the European Union, that establishing a regular dialogue promoting the coherence and relevance of the strategies of ACP-EU cooperation. The policy of peace building and conflict prevention or migration is incorporated in the new agreement. Regular dialogue will be maintained with regional, subregional and representatives of civil society on human rights, democratic principles and good governance
Kakou, René. "Problèmes de l'objectivité dans l'analyse des relations financières entre pays développés et pays en voie de développement." Paris 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA020035.
Full textThe abundance of criticism and stereotypes in all aspects of international financial relations constitutes truths that commentators deliver across "whitepapers" and media. It's precisely to challenge these attitudes that this essay examines objectivity problems in the analysis and economical policies concerning financial relations between developed countries and developing countries. Consequently, we have conducted our research in two main levels. First, at the intellectual level, we draw up the state and criticize stereotypes of international financial relations. This direction analyzes not only the bretton woods' system and the role of financial institutions such imf and world bank. It also analyzes strategies engaged by these institutions to manage the debt and to deal with the development of the developing countries. Therefore, this path allows to dress up the "credit" of the international financial relations. Secondly, at pragmatic level, we try to analyze insertion problems of the developing countries in world economy. At this level, we treat at the same time all economical, financial and commercial problems that the developing countries are facing by considering many facts or real cases and group of countries. So that, this path allows to dress up the "debit" of the international financial relations. Finally, in the general conclusion, we try to evaluate and assess the financial relations between developed countries and developing countries by examining the above credits and debits. These credits and debits are the impacts of the international financial relations on developing countries. Therefore, this evaluation that is a sorte of "balance sheet" shows that the considered financial relations are not fully positive for developing countries because the overall debit could be more important than the overall credit
Belkacem, Karima. "Endettement des pays pauvres et mondialisation." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05D004.
Full textSince 2005, the RMDI (Reduction of the Multilateral Debt Initiative) comes to supplement cthe IPPTE (Initiative of the Poor Countries Heavily In debt). The RMDI reinforces the idea according to which the cancellation of the debt of the poor countries must be under consideration for countries being in the incapacity to refund their debt. The interest is thus to promote the development of the countries in difficulty by the means of the international exchanges. The dispute settlement gateway (DSG) must extend its scope in terms of control on the legality of the exchanges. A country alone cannot develop; it needs the others for s' to affirm and become competitive with I' global scales. The development is propelled by the exchanges, an exchange with redistribution of the. Richness in a relevant way on the national territory. It is important to cancel the debt of the j countries which are in the incapacity to refund it, to increase the assistances and to encourage the economic integration of the poor countries
Mima, Silvana. "Diffusion de la maîtrise de l'énergie dans les pays de l'Europe de l'Est : le cas de l'Albanie, de la Bulgarie, et de la Roumanie." Grenoble 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE21012.
Full textThe problem of improving energy efficiency in the central and eastern european countries is an very important and difficult one. It is important because of the huge potential of energy conservation existing in these countries, that makes efficiency improvements crucial for bridging the gap between energy supply and demand in the region and for reducing environmental impacts. It is a difficult issue because of traditional barriers to financing energy efficiency projects, because of lacl of capital in these countries and because of their specific economic environment. Firstly the thesis review more recent theoretical developments of neo-institutionalistes dynamics giving a view over the optimal level of enekrgy efficiency and the complementarity of the role of the governments and markets for a genuine energy management policy. This thesis provides also an overview of the principal barriers for different actors concerned by energy efficiency : enterprises, households, governments, domestic banks, international finacial institutions. It then discuss a range of possibilities for the governements, international financial institutions and utilities to alleviate them in the case of albanie, bulgarie and romania. International institutions and governements are locking at joint financing schemes bringing together different actors concerned by energy efficiency as a new opportunity of promoting energy efficiency. A range of proper financial schemes such as third party financing, "revolving funds" that package efficiency schemes together to achive sufficient critical mass to meet banks'lending criteria, incorporating finance for energy efficiency into existing supply-sdie utility loans and constraint them to provide cost-effective demand-side solutions, etc. . . , must be further expanded throughout the region
Kwon, Han-Yong. "Les réactions à la concurrence déloyale au plan international : l'exemple des relations entre la Communauté européenne et les pays asiatiques." Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100193.
Full textGakusi, Albert-Enéas. "Population et relations économiques internationales : déterminants et effets structurels de l'ouverture économique des pays de l'Afrique subsaharienne." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995IEPP0030.
Full textMost of the demo-economic studies are made on the national level. This study introduces the international economic relations in the debate. Beyond the partisanship for free trade or economic nationalism, an attempt is made to quantify the determinants and effects of the economic openess of the Sub-Saharan countries
Mabobet, Jean-Robert. "Les Relations entre le Gabon et les pays asiatiques de 1960 à nos jours : enjeux et bilan d'une coopération." Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040300.
Full textOur doctoral thesis is dealing about the diplomatic relations between gabon and the asian coutries. The first part of this work is based on the establishements of that cooperation. One can notice that the very cooperation comes up not only to a necessity of the opening up of gabon towards abroad, but also to the strengthning of her economy, as the country's main characteristic is the lack of her own capital. The second part is centered on the assessment of that cooperation. However, that coope ration has been based on many aspects of the social, and economic life of gabon. Besides the trade exhanges, the cooperation between gabon and the asian countries has been established in the fields such as investments and trainings and finally exhanges of great value and of cultural experiences
Mahasneh, Quhafah. "La place et le rôle des banques internationales privées dans l'endettement des pays en développement." Nice, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NICE0014.
Full textThe purpose of our thesis is to study the role of the international banking system in the third world. In order to understand this relationship we have to pose the question of what went wrong during the last two decades. To pose this question presupposes that something is awry with banks' international financial intermediation. Therfore, in terms of the principles of banking we have to prove that there were problems with the way banks handled international lending. Our point of view is that borrover countries must regain their financial credibility in order to stimulate foreign capital
Huart, Florence. "De la nécessité d'une intégration monétaire à plusieurs vitesses en Europe, et de son organisation : une approche fondée sur les disparités structurelles et les différences d'objectifs des pays." Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/50374-1998-205.pdf.
Full textThe thesis is an analysis of the european monetary union process. It aims at an analysis of the problems raised by a monetary integration between countries that are characterized by strong disparities in economic structures and preferences. There are three stages in the reasoning. In the first one (introduction chapter), we review the theories of monetary integration by putting the stress on the idea that a multi-speed monetary unification is desirable in europe, because both the condition of homogeneity of national economic structures and the condition of homogeneity of national economic preferences are not met in the eu. In the second stage, there are three chapters. Each one is based on a model with two countries in a monetary union floating with the rest of the world. The three models unable us to analyze the effects of economic policy in a monetary union, explaining them according to national economic disparities of structures or preferences. The first model is a keynesian one with price and wage rigidities. We insist on the importance of three structural characteristics of countries : the money demand parameters, the elasticities of trade and the geographical structure of external trade. The second model extends the first one by introducing new national disparities, in particular different national price levels, nominal wage rigidities in one country and real wage rigidities in the other. The third model is an extension of alesina and tabellini (1987) model to a two-country monetary union case. It help us to link the condition of homogeneity of national economic policy preferences in a monetary union to the condition of homogeneity of national economic structures. We analyze various asymmetries - with regard to structures, preferences and behavior - between countries : the behavior of national central banks before the creation of emu as compared to that of the european central bank, social preferences, fiscal systems, labor markets. In the last stage (chapter 4), we draw some economic policy conclusions of the necessity of a multi-speed emu. We try to give some answers to the following question : how to organize the exchange rate relations between the euro and the other eu currencies, while taking into account the constraints that are imposed by national structure and preference disparities between the eu countries ?
Berthod, Cyril. "L'Inde et l'Union européenne : évolution et problématiques croisées d'une relation à plusieurs niveaux." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010674.
Full textPreure, Mourad. "L' économie mondiale des hydrocarbures et la stratégie d'un groupe pétrolier issu d'un pays producteur : cas cités, SONATRACH (Algérie), KPC (Kowei͏̈t), PEMEX (Mexique), PDVSA (Venezuela)." Dijon, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992DIJOE015.
Full textHaddad, Afef. "Migrations internationales et libre-échange : caractéristiques particulières de l'émigration des compétences et importance de l'effort technologique." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010025.
Full textThis thesis is a contribution to the analysis of the relationship between international migration and international trade paying attention to the special characteristics of the brainy migrants. The integration of the human capital externalities and social capital permitted to have considerable results in relation to international trade theory. Although international migration is often considered as a substitute for international trade in goods so that trade liberalization can be a solution for migration problems, in many important cases such as cross country differences in technology, migration costs and adjustment costs, it can be a complement for international flows of commodities. The aim of this thesis is to replace the theory of international migration among the recent developments of international trade by focusing on the special determinants of brain drain. The empirical analysis is focused on a survey of brainy migrants and foreign students in france
Nasri, Mohammed. "La génération et l'absorption du surplus économique marchand dans les pays sous-développés." Paris 9, 1991. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1991PA090011.
Full textGaye, Demba. "Les relations entre la C. E. E et le Sénégal." Université de Tours. UFR de droit, d'économie et des sciences sociales, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOUR1009.
Full textTrimech, Zouhaier. "Les relations commerciales entre les communautés européennes et les goupements régionaux." Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE0023.
Full textThe study of the commercial relations of the EU with regional integrations allows better understanding of the stakes of the EU external action. It is , for example, hard to understand the stakes of the E. U- Mexico relations without considering the E. U- NAFTA relations. All the same, it is arduous to determine the E. U position towards AFTA or the APEC from the study of the EU relations with the Latin American countries or Asian ones separately. Through its relations with regional integrations, the E. U follows three objectives:Undermining the European groups (COMECON , EFTA) so as to unite Europe; prepare a regional integration with its south periphery groups (MAU and sub-groups ACP) without much worry about their integrity; reinforce its links with Latin America groups (MERCOSUR, CACM, CAN) and those of Asia (ASEAN & SAARC ) in order to foil the regional integration projects promoted by the U. S. A (NAFTA, AFTA, APEC )
Matingou, Rocil. "L'application des Conventions de Lomé à l'Afrique Centrale et ses perspectives dans le cadre de la réorganisation mondiale des échanges." Paris 12, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA122010.
Full textThe acp-eu cooperation has been in existence for more than twenty years. The african states have held privileged economic relations with the member states of the ue since the days of the empire. Inspite of commercial advantages and special aid in the form of the yaounde agreement and the lome convention, the socio-economic climate has not improved in this region of africa. The partners of lome acknowledge that the good-win with which aid was accorded to the acp is out of ligne with conventional advantages. The dependence of the acp states with regard to the european union is becoming more and more important regarding the quantity and quality of european aid. The central african states are not longer able to put their political and economic policies into practice without turning to brussel institutions for help. Especially on a commerciallevel, the central african states are threatered with losing the lome advantages in the light of the gatt/omcadvent. Concerning aid for development in general, recent international socio-political changes have begun to profoundly modify acp-ue relations. These states run the risk of finding themselves on fringe of international economy and trade. What kind of economic relation can these states undertake with their european partners in view of a worldwide trade reorganisation? the objective of this thesis is to establish the acknowledgement and the carrying out of the lome system with relation to central african development
Fergani, Meriem. "L'endettement international et la mondialisation financière 1982-2000." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA070006.
Full textInternational indebtedness has been treated for decades exclusively as a result of debtors mismanagement of their continuing internal and external imbalances. Hence the application of structural adjustment programs, rescheduling of debts, Baker and Brady plans not only failed to bring back these countries on the development path but they have also worsen their imbalances and the poverty of their populations. Moreover, the number of financial crises has increased with more social and economic costs and with higher frequency. The indebtedness problem is not only a technical issue but also a very complex reality that involves social, economic, politic and geo-strategic aspects. An efficient treatment of indebtedness crises needs to acknowledge that they are financial crises which recurrence results from capitalism's instability. In addition, the globalization, and more particularly its more active part i. E. The financial globalization leads to a rapid liberalization and dereglementation which weakened economic and financial systems of both industrialized and emergent countries. On the other hand, the increasing interdependance of economics induces a more important propagation of crises. .
Amara-Abbas, Neïla. "Le petit pays ouvert face à la régionalisation de l'économie mondiale : le cas de la Suisse et de l'intégration européenne." Paris 9, 1994. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1994PA090052.
Full textLazri, Mahfoud. "L'endettement extérieur des pays du tiers-monde : une approche comparative du phénomène entre l’Afrique subsaharienne et l'Amérique latine." Paris 10, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA100127.
Full textThe subject we have dealt with is the problem of the external indebtedness of the third world's countries and more precisely of sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America. Through this phenomenon, we have tried to show the importance of the particular conditions of each country or each group of countries in the search of solutions to their problems. More precisely, we have tried to show how under the effect of difficulties appeared in international environment, a country reacts in order to fight against these difficulties. But we have particularly tried to underline the importance of economic structures which worsen or reduce these problems. Besides thanks to the phenomenon of the external indebtedness, we have tried to show how a country with economic, commercial and especially financial difficulties uses external means in order to put an end to this situation. However these temporary solutions only postpone the problems and crisis but cannot manage to avoid them or to solve them for good. Thus we have considered that the external indebtedness of the third world's countries has permitted to put off the effects of the economic crisis that these countries are living but has not permitted to avoid it
Yim, Jong Soon. "Le Système monétaire européen et son environnement international : interdépendance monétaire interne et externe dans les années 1980." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992IEPP0018.
Full textThe EMS countries confront the macroeconomic interdependence of two levels : international and intra-EMS. The international interdependence can be explained mainly by the dollar's international role. The intra-EMS interdependence result from the creation of the fixed exchange rate union and from the asymmetric working of the EMS. In these circumstances, the EMS has operated as a frame of the institutionalized coordination among the member countries and it represent a concerted adaptation of the European economies to the international environment
Valli, Stéphane. "Changements techniques, commerce et développement. Synergies et effets contrariés : essai sur les relations Nord-Sud depuis les années soixante." Grenoble 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE21003.
Full textMutamba, Enet Kabwika. "L' Afrique centrale, la convention de Cotonou et l'intégration régionale." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010284.
Full textTourki, Monhom. "Les contrats internationaux de concession de service public et de partenariat public privé dans les pays en voie de développement : dans les secteurs des industries de réseaux (électricité,télécommunications, eau, assainissement) et des grands équipements d'infrastructure (les grands ouvrages publlics utiles au transport et à la production/ routes, ports, aéroports, etc...)." Nice, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NICE0052.
Full textThe infrastructure and public services are in crisis in many developing countries (LDCs), and for various reasons (lack of funds, public mismanagement). This situation represents a major stumbling block preventing the economic and social development today and sustainable development in these countries. It must be remedied as quickly and efficiently as possible, but the technical and financial resources required far exceeds local capabilities. Developing countries must therefore resort to the (foreign) private sector participation for the implementation of infrastructure and the management of public services. This remedy can be done within the framework of a Public Private Partnership (PPP) which represents the middle ground between the " all public " and " private everything " and which offers state a lot of technical, financial, economic, social and even political advantages. Because of all these inputs, the use of different forms of PPP (leasing, concession, BOT. . . ) is actively promoted by the international financial institutions, the WTO and development agencies who see it as an instrument for sustainable development and poverty alleviation. The use of PPP was nevertheless criticized by its detractors (some associations, NGOs,. . . ) who expose some irregularities (remedies imposed, imbalance of power in favor of the multinationals,. . . ) which caused the failure of some projects. But this should not prevent developing countries reaping the greatest contributions of the private sector and to try to exploit the infrastructure done in an efficient manner allowing widespread access to quality services. The PPP can be a tool for sustainable development as long as all the success factors come together (a good legal and financial montage of contracts, involvement of civil society and users). The PPP is also a means of international solidarity and a complement to other efforts to be strengthened such as official development assistance (ODA), debt concellation, decentralized cooperation,. .
Charly, Leïla. "Echanges extérieurs, investissements directs étrangers et croissance des économies nationales." Paris 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA020015.
Full textRaissouni, Omar. "Financement et ajustement des comptes extérieurs : (étude centré sur les pays du Maghreb, 1974-1984)." Paris 13, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA131000.
Full textThis study has shown, at last that the deconnexion of the external constraint from the internal ajustments, due to international indebtedness, has rapidily reached limits. These limits have forced the ldc's to adjust drastically their external accounts in order to adapt their needs to their importation capacity. Consequently, their economic growth have been affected negatively. In the maghreb countries, the limits of indebtedness have obliged these countries, one after the other, to adopt different adjustment policies. Morocco which has been the most affected by negative external chocs, has been also the first con fronted to the adjustment. The adjustment policies applied by these countries, have succeeded to reduce their external imbalances, but their economic growth as well as the living standard of the population, were notably affected, particularily in morocco were the adjustment has been the most drastic. In spite of that, the indebtedness level of these countries remain high. Consequently, the adjustment effort should be maintained, but this adjustment should be selective : elimination of wastes, wrestling against fiscal fraud and escape, reduction of expenses that have little effect of stimulating economic activity, particulary import-competing and exported oriented industries, finally increase of direct taxes contribution to the government revenues. More fundamentaly, however, in order to avoid deflationary adjustments and prepare the conditions of a sustainable growth in the long, these countries must elaborate a new policy of international insertion and engage in that way a structural adjustment process : exploration of the possibilites of new manufacturing exports development, stimulation of food production (above all cereals), development of local equipment goods production in order to break down the gearing between increase of industrial production and increase more then proportionally of equipment goods imports
Farvardin, Fereidoon. "L'OPEP et le marché mondial du pétrole : (1980-2000)." Paris 13, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA131006.
Full textThe general themes of this research work can be summarized as : - oil, because it is critical to world economy, and is still relatively cheap to extract, will remain the premium residual energy source (and therefore its market the energy price setter) well into the next century. - in the areas other than the persian gulf region of the middle east, oil is becoming difficult to extract and therefore more expensive. - according opec's oil exporting countries of the persian gulf are in the market to stay through the rest of the century. - because of some inherent characteristics of the oil market price movements are likely to continue to exhibit strong fluctuations. Instability could be worsened not only by new shocks but also by shifts in the market power. Thus the market will retain potential to damage the interests of both oil exporting and oil importing countries
Mputu, Mulenda. "Les relations économiques entre l'Union européenne et la République Démocratique du Congo de 1960 à 1990 : quel impact sur le développement ?" Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010518.
Full textWilhelm, Térence Jean-Marie. "Le droit français des prix de transfert à l'aune des phénomènes des mondialisation et de construction communautaire." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007STR30013.
Full textWith the rise of a worldwide free market and the development of new means of transport and communications, economic agents are now able to perform their activities on a global scale. Multinational enterprises are of course the first one to benefit from such situation. In this framework, more than 50% of the international business is made within interrelated companies, i. E. Companies belonging to a same group. This raises the issue to find a transfer price that suits both the interests of the MNE and the tax administration. In order to prevent any transfer of profit by way of transfer pricing, countries all around the world including France issued new regulations aiming at reintegrating the profit that has been transferred into their tax base. By doing so, tax administrations multiplied the frictions between them all at an international scale, as each administration bases its approach on its own interpretation of facts and circumstances surrounding the MNE. Therefore, MNE are facing a certain tax and legal uncertainty, which threatens their own transfer pricing policy, i. E. Their way to perform their activity. Fortunately, some solutions exist in order to prevent and solve tee double taxation likely to arise. Moreover, some other solutions should be implemented in a near future
Schmiedel, Frank. "L'orientation géographique des échanges commerciaux de la Chine : analyse de ses déterminants et de la position européenne à partir des modèles de gravité." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998CLF10192.
Full textWe analyze the geographical distribution of China’s bilateral foreign trade between 1978 and 1994. Conventional statistical measures such as market shares and trade intensity indices are used to evaluate the position of EEC member countries in this context. The intensity of sino-European trade turns out to be quite low. Since these statistical measures do not offer an economic explanation for the observed phenomena, we then apply a gravity model (Linnemann, 1966) to Chinese foreign trade. The simple model is subsequently augmented by additional variables reflecting other structural and political determinants of trade. Estimation is done using both cross-country and panel data. We propose new estimators for the gravity model, which are based on panel data. These estimators improve considerably the performance of our model. According to these results, sino-European trade does not appear to be weak any more, once the determinants of our augmented model are taken into account, I. E. Economic size of partner countries, distance, factor endowments, differences in per-capita income (Linder), openness, colonial past, direct investment in China and exchange rates. Our results are quite robust when confronted with specification changes and disaggregated data (manufactured/non-manufactured goods). We therefore conclude that neither our empirical results nor the model’s theoretical features justify any public intervention in favor of sino-European trade
Haroun, Tahar. "Les opportunités d'intégration économique au Maghreb : approche théorique et perspectives concrètes." Nice, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NICE0037.
Full textIn maghreb, the redynamization of the economic integration process and the development of the insertion to the world economy puts as an imperative. Making this, this thesis tries to present the strategy that it would be necessary to adopt to realize this objective. In a first part, devoted to the theoretical approaches of the integration and to the experiences, observed in europe and in the two parts of america, this study shows that the traditional theory of the customs union, that evaluates the effects of the integration in terms of trade-creation and trade-diversion, must go beyond, and that the current situation as a result of the game of attractivity and the competitiveness shows that the regional integration process cannot conceive independently the dynamics of internationalisation-globalization. Also, economic integration experiences that have been realized in the framework of the new wave of regionalization, show that the economic impacts are positive: development of the foreign direct investment, increase in the intra-industry trade, to the detriment of the classic trade, while experiences that have been realized in the framework of the ancient wave, between the developing countries, have in their nearly totality stumbled on failure. The second part, as for it emphasizes factors of freezing and imbalance, but equally, on perspectives of integration. Thus the strategy developed to face these challenges and to exit this impossibility, would have to consist in imagining a new economic integration, capable of redynamizing this process by combining the dimensions north-south and south-south. In return, this thesis proposes some ways of reflection that may help to go through this direction
Langlois, Francis. "Gravity, good governance, political affinity, economic interests and food aid : do categories and delivery modes matter?" Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27727/27727.pdf.
Full textSince food aid can mitigate the unfortunate consequences of food shortages in certain countries, the importance of such programs is crucial. However, what are the factors conditioning the volume of food aid sent to potential recipient countries? This innovative study will answer this question by applying the gravity model, often used to explain international trade patterns in distribution of international food aid. Indeed, in considering the 15 largest national programs of food donations, this study will test the impact of the distance between donators and receivers, as well as the impact of the populations of each, on the decision to send or not to send food aid. In addition, this thesis will outline new hypotheses that have been hitherto omitted from the literature, and will propose a more efficient methodology to study the phenomenon. Among others we find that gravity, good governance, needs, political affinity and economic interests matter in the food aid distribution patterns but that their influence vary across food aid categories and delivery modes. We also find that when donors give food from their own production they are less fussy about whether they are helping a friendly country or an economically closed country because in fact they are helping their own economy.
Hammadache, Ahmed. "Rente pétrolière, déséquilibres internationaux et dynamique nationale." Paris 13, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA131032.
Full textThis study is a modeling of international financial imbalances by taking into account the role played by oil producing countries. To meet our problem and clearly identify our subject, several complementary methods are used for modeling: modeling oil prices "VECM", modeling exchange rates fundamental equilibrium "FFER" and modeling imbalances financial with a theoretical model in Stock Flow Consistent "SFC" and with a model of the world economy "Cambridge Alphametrics model. " Our thesis is divided into five chapters: Chapter 1 is an introduction to the issue of imbalances in the global economy and the role played by oil producing countries in the formation of these imbalances. Chapter 2 is an analysis of the determinants of oil prices, which record an increase and volatility in recent years. Chapter 3 focuses on the exchange rate of oil exporting countries, and we believe the exchange rate fundamental equilibrium for these economies. Chapter 4 is a model SFC payments imbalances among nations. Chapter 5 is a model of the world economy (CAM) which uses real data
Ramos, Maria Priscila. "Politique commerciale, qualite et environnement : une epplication aux negociations commerciales entre l’Union Européenne et le Mercosur." Paris, AgroParisTech, 2007. http://pastel.paristech.org/3788/01/Thèse_Ramos.pdf.
Full textRhee, Hyunjung Estelle. "Politique européenne de l'armement et nouveaux enjeux de la sécurité dans la mondialisation : une approche par l'économie politique internationale." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005VERS007S.
Full textOur study suggests analyzing the European Armament policy in relation with the security in the context of the globalization according to an approach by international political economy. Divided into two parts, the first one aims at setting the issues and finding the theoretical approaches in Security, European integration and the process of the globalization. By trying to highlight the new role of the States and the power relations between themselves, the first part always poses the question of the Security and in particular that of the Europeans, mainly analyzed on the basis of the European Security and Defense policy -ESDP, the NATO and the transatlantic relations. The second one offers an empirical study on the Technological and innovation stakes in the sector of the armament. Here, we tried to emphasize the interaction between the economical and the political issues in order to deal with the armament crisis, the transatlantic aspects and the various institutions of the sector (OCCAR and the European Defense Agency, for example), the technological questions, the bureaucratic role of the European Commission and the potentialities of the structured cooperations. This study also establishes a stake in perpsective of the military technological innovation in Europe, in the process of globalization and transatlantization
Yapaudjian-Thibaut, Anne. "Commerce Nord-Sud et inégalités : une évaluation en équilibre général calculable." Pau, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PAUU2002.
Full textIn the industrialised countries, in the 1980s, the rise in wage inequality and unemployment takes place in a context of intensified competition and development of trade flows. The objective of thesis is to examine the linkage between globalisation and labour market. Within the framework of North-South relations, we will focus more precisely on the distributive conflict generated by an exogenous trade policy. The first part of the thesis exposes the main theoretical and empirical lessons on the impact of trade openness under perfect competition hypothesis. Then, we develop an applied general equilibrium model with a multi-region and multi-sector specification, to assess the impact of North-South Trade on earnings distribution in industrialised countries. Simulations show that the ongoing North-South globalisation does not generate necessarily a net loss for unskilled labour. In the second part, the research work is devoted to an analysis of the effect of North-South trade with imperfections in both goods and labour markets. We show that imperfections in goods market do not lead to reconsider fundamentally the trade impact. Nevertheless, the employment and wage adjustments, generated by globalisation, are closely linked through labour market paradigms
Kaseshi, Mulenge Adélard. "Perspectives d'une coopération économique internationale pour le développement des pays pauvres : l'exemple du Congo-Kinshasa." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0106.
Full textCentral argument proposed in this work is that economic and social development in the Democratie Republic of Congo-Kinshasa (DRC) requires a twofold questioning : that of the dominant economic theory and that of the underlying international cooperation. In those lines of thinking and practices, economic and social phenomena can be explained only by the principle of maximisation, by each individual actor, of his objective function (rationality principle); as a result, social order is based on the calculations maximilising particular interests. This economy-centred approach considers cooperation as a zero-sum game with winers and losers. Going beyond this limited horizon requires the building of a political economy of "living together", based on three pillars: scientific liberty, political liberty, economic liberty. The functioning of this political economy would be supported by collective intelligence i. E. Human beings' capacity to live and to work together harmoniously. The objective of this approach is to build a common vision of the general interest and to organize this “living together" of the society. As a conclusion, in order to promote their economic and social development, poor countries in general, and the DRC in particular, imperatively have to solve their main political problems and challenges, and as a priority to build a State and a society. Cooperation is therefore back at the centre of economic and social interactions
Monier, Pascal. "Diversification des exportations de produits primaires et instabilité des recettes d'exportation des pays en développement." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995CLF10165.
Full textExport earnings instability is an important economic problem for developing countries. Diversification could be a solution for this. It allows to take advantage of compensation opportuneness between export earnings variations of goods, which reduce instability. These phenomena of compensation appeared important between goods with different conditions of production or consumption. They also appeared more important between variations of export prices than between variations of export volumes. All in all, reduction of primary export earnings instability in a country where takes place a middle extent export diversification, has been estimated at 20%. So, most of countries can base reduction policy of instability on diversification. The only exception to this rule concerns countries where exports instability results from export volumes instability, which is due to very unstable macro-economic conditions
Alsif, Anne-Sophie. "La politique de coopération sud sud sous le président Lula : genèse d'un modèle de développement : La diversification des investissements directs étrangers au sein de l'économie brésilienne." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0525.
Full textWhen he came to power in 2003, President Luiz Ignacio Lula Da Silva stated Brazil's desire to strengthen its ties with emerging countries, especially African countries. During his mandate, he implemented a policy of South-South cooperation resulting in strengthening of economic ties, trade policies with other emerging countries. Foreign direct investments (FDI) have for a long time contributed to the growth of the Brazilian economy. The FDI came mainly from OECD countries which, in particular from the United States of America. In this context of capital inflows, emerging countries continue to increase their investment capacities. TO diversify the sources of FDI in Brazil, President Lula sought to attract foreign capital. South-south cooperation remains an effective way to make Brazil attarctive to investors in emerging marlets. In addition, this policy responds to the desire of Brazil to increase its role in the international arena in order to become a real diplomatic power
Rossignol, Raphaël. "Dimensions stratégiques et sécuritaires de I'exploitation des ressources naturelles d'Afrique subsaharienne par la Chine." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0140.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to consider the economic and political relations between China and sub-Saharan Africa to the extent that they involve security issues. The selected angle is used to link three perspectives, starting from a classical approach measuring the real importance and describing the mechanisms of China-Africa economic relations. Then follows a more detailed discussion about the terms of the exploitation of African natural resources by Chinese publicly owned companies. Finally ensues an analysis of the role played by those of these Chinese enterprises that work in the defense industry at large. This thesis examines how China deploys strategic thinking around the competition between Beijing and the Western powers for the operation and control of African natural resources. In this context, the risks faced by Chinese companies are represented as well by the political instability of some of the countries where they operate, and by the interventions of foreign powers in these conflicts to protect competing interests of those in Beijing. These conflicts are indeed likely to break Chinese supplies to prevent Chinese companies to operate and even to overthrow or weaken political allies of Beijing. To counter those risks, China is increasing its military commitment to the continent by selling its trading partners defenses in the form of weapons and military training. These exchanges involve the Chinese defense industries, which are also conglomerates operating in the exploitation of natural resources. These companies are therefore at the heart of this competition between China and the Western powers, as part of their activities (arms transfers) is expected to offset the destabilization caused by the other party (the exploitation of natural resources)
Ouled, Ben Hafsia Lofti. "L'accès aux marchés, le système commercial multilatéral et le développement." Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05D010.
Full textWhile trade barriers are falling, legal barriers are not. The number of countries has more than tripled in the past 50 years. Twenty years ago, people often associated business law with a particular nation. Today, they cannot afford to. A variety of international trade rules and practices are shaping the way trade is conducted. Whether we speak of agriculture, services, textiles and clothing, intellectual property. . . , WTO agreements dominate the international trade arena. The opening of markets has boosted trade and economic growth worldwide in the past few decades. Yet tariffs still remain a key obstacle to "market access". The potential benefits of further reducing this obstacle are significant. The Doha Development Agenda agreed in November 2001 by WTO ministers provides a roadmap for the current multilateral trade talks, calling for achievement of sybstantial improvements in market access, particularly for DC. We need new ways to facilitate business deals, settle disputes and create secure legal environments that attract foreign partners