Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pays producteurs de pétrole'
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Auclair, Vincent. "Estimation des fonctions d'offre des principaux pays producteurs de pétrole." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28252/28252.pdf.
Full textRodriguez, Padilla Victor. "L'impact de la fiscalité sur l'effort d'exploration-production de pétrole : le cas des pays producteurs d'Afrique de l'ouest." Grenoble 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990GRE21004.
Full textOil taxation can be worked out in a perspective of confrontation or cooperation with foreing oil companies. However, a wellconstructed taxation system is a sine qua non condition either for incentive investissements or for carry out other projects of a stace oil policy. The accurate comparative analysis of oil taxation practiced by the oil producers countries of the wester coast of africa between 1974 since 1987 lends us to conclude that an unsatisfactory institutional framework -especially with regard to the taxation system- cannot be considered to be the main responsible factor either for the inadequacy of the efforts of exploration and production or for their inequality distribution among the countries in the region. This phenomeno is explained by a series of industrial factors out of which the ones determining the strategies of international companies have a predominant role
El, Tayeb Mohmed Ali. "Étude juridique des investissements pétroliers dans les pays en développement non-producteurs de pétrole : le cas du Soudan." Montpellier 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON10002.
Full textThe developing countries having petroleum ressources are not always, due to the lack of technical and sufficient financial means, capable to exploit their own ressources. They are obliged then, to leave this tache to private foreign companies. The encouragement of private petroleum investment in these countries faces principaly two types of impediments i. E. Very high non commercial risks and inattractive legal and contractual framework. Certain legal protection and financial guaranties are destinated to limite the non commercial risks. These measures consist in the protection accorded by international law, the protection offered by the host government and investment insurances systemes. However a solid protection for the petroleum investment resides in the adoption "ab initio" in a contractual framework, of flexible and balanced arrangements. This means the conciliation of the interests of the investor who looks only for the profit and the security of his investment and these of the host government which looks for the public interes and the development of its economy. The conciliation of these two interests appears to be neglected in the legal framework adopted by the example studied, the sudan
Ayoub, Arbache Ziad. "L'impact économique de l'action des compagnies pétrolières internationales dans les pays producteurs : le cas de la Syrie (1975-1997)." Grenoble 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE21024.
Full textRelationships between international oil companies (ioc) and producing countries have not ceased to evolve according to the historical context and power struggles. After the nationalization of ioc assets in 60/70's, we are witnessing the return of foreign companies in the late 1980s. In an internationalised petroleum industry, characterized by the low price of crudeoil, deregulation of market and increasing competition, re-opening of upstream of the petroleum industry to ioc's raises several fundamental questions : how producer countries perceive the presence of ioc? are the induced effects of these investments sufficient to bring about changes in others industries of the economy and entail general industrial development? if yes, under what conditions and how? the thesis tries to answer these questions through an empirical case study : the effects of loc's investments in syria. We our start analysis by a theoretical examination of the main stakes and risks of a development strategy that is focused on the appreciation of hydrocarbon resources. Through the study of the evolution of the balance of power between the parties, the contracting process and the interpretation of investment programs, we identify keys variables of the decision making process. We demonstrate that although the evolution of oil price is an important element in the relationship between the ioc and the state, discovery perspectives and geopolitical considerations explain the softening or hardening of the contractual conditions for rent sharing. This thesis shows that despite positive development in the petroleum sector, optimal contribution of the oil sector to the economic development requires abandoning short term rent vision. The maximisation of retained value of oil exploitation requires a change in the current contractual framework. Loc's should be encouraged to make their expenses using local currencies in order to induce multiplication effects in the economic system. Furthermore, oil policy aiming at a rent maximization arising out geological advantage should in no case replace real industrial and macroeconomic policies
Montigny, Anie. "Evolution d'un groupe bédouin dans un pays producteur de pétrole : les Āl-Na'īm de Qatar." Paris 5, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA05A010.
Full textNavacelle-de, Maack Laetitia de. "Economic analysis of the oil producing countries’ strategies in the refining industry." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON10001/document.
Full textOn the whole, the refining industry in North America and Europe is reduced as new consuming countries, like producing countries, are developing their industry. In the past years 'mega-projects' in refining and basic petrochemicals have been announced by petroleum producing countries. Since the 1970s the question of location is repeatedly asked and authors have presented elements to analyze its implementation in different economical and political contexts. This thesis intends to review the incentives and limits to vertical integration by the producing countries, given the current evolutions and future prospects for supply, location of demand and increasing environmental regulation. An empirical analysis of the petroleum and macro economical conditions in producing countries enables the positioning of current projects in the theoretical context. The literature review helps understand current developments, but some projects cannot as easily be explained. Based these theoretical and empirical analyses, a typology of petroleum producers is built according to their refinery investment strategies. Moreover in order to understand the opportunities for refiners on the world markets an econometric analysis of world refined oil prices is undertaken. The strong correlation to crude oil price is confirmed, as in historical literature, but with different hierarchies between products explained by evolution of demand. Based on the observations of petroleum countries and their opportunities on world markets, a portfolio analysis is developed to identify the efficient industrial choices a producing country may proceed with in order to ensure the local development while containing risk on variations of revenue. Because the industrial and financial stakes of these refining projects are greater than before and they represent a lion's share of the future offer in refining, joint cooperation of producing countries with International Oil Companies enable a share of risk while also benefiting both players in their development objectives. Indeed each party detains different factors of production, essential for the success of a refining project that, brought together, increase the global value of the project
Preure, Mourad. "L' économie mondiale des hydrocarbures et la stratégie d'un groupe pétrolier issu d'un pays producteur : cas cités, SONATRACH (Algérie), KPC (Kowei͏̈t), PEMEX (Mexique), PDVSA (Venezuela)." Dijon, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992DIJOE015.
Full textHemidet, Mohamed El Hadi. "Prix du pétrole et performances macroéconomiques dans les pays exportateurs de pétrole : trois essais empiriques." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100026.
Full textThe aim of the thesis is to study the link between oil prices and macroeconomic performances in oil exporting countries. Adopting an applied econometrics approach, we use recent techniques of panel data econometrics. For this, three themes are envisaged. We identify first the main determinants of economic growth of these countries. Considering the dynamic nature of growth, our results highlight the key role of the oil rent in explaining economic growth in these countries. The study of macroeconomic interactions highlights that, in the short term, a positive oil price shock improves the current account and boosts economic growth but also leads to an appreciation of the exchange rate in oil exporting countries. Regarding the interaction between macroeconomic variables excluding oil prices, we find that they are relatively weak. We then show that the fundamentals of the real effective exchange rates in oil exporting countries are mainly the terms of trade, the relative productivity and government expenditures. The study of exchange rate misalignments shows the existence of a strong heterogeneity among the countries studied. However, our investigations highlight the key role of exchange rate regimes in explaining the magnitude of these exchange rates misalignments. In particular, we show that the fixed exchange rate regime is more appropriate to reduce the magnitude of the exchange rate misalignments in oil-exporting countries
Djimasra, Nodjitidje. "Efficacité technique, productivité et compétitivité des principaux pays producteurs de coton." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00482828.
Full textDjimasra, Nodjitidjé. "Efficacité technique, productivité et compétitivité des principaux pays producteurs de coton." Thesis, Orléans, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ORLE0507/document.
Full textThis thesis aims to study the technical efficiency, the productivity and the competitiveness of the main cotton producing countries. In a first chapter, it describes globaly the international competitiveness and the practised commercial strategies. The productive structures in Sub-Saharan Africa are examined in the second chapter, because they are considered as the weakest. The third part deals with the branch of the coton. An econometric study is led in order to highlight the determiners of the performance in the cotton export. The last two chapters concern the analysis and the measurement of the technical efficiency and the global productivity of theoretical and empirical factors. The method of the data envelope is revealed, followed by an econometric analysis. This study is realized to set up a policy of effective production and competitiveness. In this purpose, she proposes a new organizational face in the implication of economic policies to contribute to revitalize the cotton branch, which is considered as a driving element of the economic development in Africa
Aoun, Marie-Claire. "La rente pétrolière et le développement économique des pays exportateurs." Paris 9, 2008. http://basepub.dauphine.fr/theses/2008PA090034.
Full textLebdioui, Salah. "Les pays membres de l'OPAEP et les autres pays du Tiers-monde : une expérience de coopération sud/sud." Paris 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA021017.
Full textIs the assistance of the oil exporting arabs countries to the third world, a mere fiction as has been told in certains westerns circles, or is it on the contrary a reality as asserted by this new group of donors whose volume of financial assistance is second only to that of the oecd development assistance committee superior since 1974 to the meal assistance? the thesis constitute an aswer to this interrogation by confirming the effectivness of this assistance whose nature and objectives are different from those of the western countries even if it is more importantly based on political than economic and commercial considerations. The content (i), the instruments (ii), of this cooperation between third world countries are analysed in this thesis that contains in its introductive part a brief presentation of the opaec action as a regional organization as well as a short reminder of the concept of south south cooperation. The conclusion analyses the effets of this assistance on the beneficiaries as well as on the donor countries and third countries; the back klash, the perspectives and the limitations of this assistance that since 1982, begins to be short breathed under the joined action of the fall of the oil prices and the disapearance of the "mobilizing causes", which in the past made the strength of the countries of the south
Mariani-Benigni, Isabelle. "Les contributions financières des producteurs dans le cadre des organisations communes des marchés agricoles." Aix-Marseille 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX32024.
Full textAmong the measures adopted to balance the agricultural markets, the community legislator chose to charge the producer for all or part of the costs resulting from the selling of agricultural surplus by the eec, establishing financial contribution in the common organisation of markets (com) of milk and dairy products (1977) and of cereals (1986). They were modelled on contributions to the production of sugar and isoglucose set up from the com creation. "unity and diversity" link these contributions : unity, because all of them are based on article 43 eec and implemented according to much the same rules ; diversity, because they follow different aims (account purpose to guarantee the sector's budgetary autonomy for sugar and isoglucose contribution, instrument of penalty allowing only to decrease the costs which lay on the community budget for coresponsibility levies), and because only sugar and isoglucose contributions which are correctly budgeted on the basis of article 201 eec, become proper resources, while coresponsibility levies, listed on the basis of article 43 eec, remain "intervention measurtes with economical finality" budgeted as negative expenses, interfering with basic legal rules
Hamrour, Abderrahmane. "L'industrie pétrochimique et le développement des pays exportateurs de pétrole membres de l'OPAEP." Dijon, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991DIJOE008.
Full textArbod, Guillaume. "La croissance économique des pays pétroliers." Dijon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DIJOE004.
Full textThe literature tries to apprehend the weakness of the economic growth of oil countries by the assumption of ousted growth factors. In the Dutch Disease models the non-oil exporting sector would be ousted whereas in the analyses in terms of economic policies it would be the effective economic policies. We consider the phenomenon through the growth theories, the oil incomes being regarded as an additional exogenous income for the economy. In this manner the growth dynamic of oil countries, even the most unfavourable, can be modelled without utilizing any concept of economic inefficiency. The last part of our work is devoted to the Saudi economy. After having developed a macroeconometric model, and using scenarios of oil prices, we lead a forecasted analysis of this economy
Massengo, Gualbert-Brice. "L'économie pétrolière du Congo : les effets pervers de la monoressource économique dans les pays en développement." Aix-Marseille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX10050.
Full textMercier, Philippe. "Les stratégies de production pétrolière des pays du Moyen-Orient." Dijon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DIJOE006.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to analyse the relations between the middle eastern oil producing countries. How economics can contribute to better explain the production behaviours of theses countries ? What about the effects ? This study is based on : - an empirical analysis of the real production strategies of the middle eastern countries, which mostly belong to the OPEC. We will try to concentrate on the following notions : cooperation/conflict/rationality of behaviours. Also, we will demonstrate how the study of international relations, especially the exercise of influence between nations, can contribute an original point of view ; - a theoretical analysis : what kind of solutions the economic theory can provide, as it may be classical or modem (particularly the game theory), to explain these behaviours
Lawin, Kotchikpa Gabriel, and Kotchikpa Gabriel Lawin. "Droits de propriété foncière, aversion au risque et performance des petits producteurs agricoles." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28226.
Full textCette thèse examine d’une part, l’impact des droits de propriété foncière sur la performance des petits producteurs agricoles et d’autre part, le rôle de l’aversion au risque dans la diversification des cultures au niveau des exploitations agricoles. Elle est subdivisée en quatre chapitres. Le premier chapitre fait la revue critique des méthodes et résultats des études empiriques qui analysent l’impact des droits de propriété foncière sur la performance des petits producteurs agricoles des pays en développement. Il montre que les résultats des études empiriques antérieures sont contrastés quant aux effets réels du droit de propriété. L’hétérogénéité des résultats est liée à la fois aux techniques d’évaluation utilisées et au contexte local de gestion du système foncier. Toutefois, les résultats convergent vers une endogénéité entre le droit de propriété et la performance des producteurs dans les contextes où la gestion coutumière du foncier est prédominante. Le deuxième chapitre analyse l’impact des droits de propriété foncière sur l’adoption des innovations agro-environnementales. Il utilise la méthode d’appariement par score de propension pour sélectionner les observations ayant les mêmes caractéristiques observables pour tenir compte du biais de sélection sur les variables observables. Il se base ensuite sur le modèle d’effet de traitement endogène multinomial développé par Deb et Trivedi (2006) pour tenir compte de l’endogénéité entre le droit de propriété et l’adoption d’innovation agro-environnementale. Le chapitre utilise des données détaillées au niveau des parcelles collectées au Bénin sur un échantillon de 2 800 petits producteurs et 4 233 parcelles. Il montre que les petits producteurs adoptent plus intensément les innovations agro-environnementales sur les parcelles dont ils sont propriétaires en comparaison aux parcelles prêtées, louées ou en métayage. Le troisième chapitre utilise le modèle de sélection de Greene (2010) pour les fonctions stochastiques de frontière appliquée à une fonction de distance en output et en combinaison avec la méthode d’appariement pour analyser l’impact de la sécurité foncière sur l’efficacité technique des petits producteurs agricoles. Il utilise également la méthode non paramétrique DEA (méthode d’enveloppement des données) pour analyser l’effet de la sécurité foncière sur la productivité agricole et décomposer cet effet en écart d’efficacité technique et en écart technologique entre les propriétaires terriens et les non-propriétaires. En se basant sur les données d’enquête au Bénin, il montre que les non-propriétaires ont en moyenne un niveau d’efficacité technique plus élevé et sont plus productifs que les propriétaires terriens. Par contre, les propriétaires affichent un net avantage technologique. Le quatrième chapitre porte sur l’effet de l’aversion au risque sur la diversification des cultures chez les petits producteurs agricoles au Burkina Faso. Une expérience terrain sous forme de loterie a été conduite pour mesurer l’aversion au risque des producteurs. Trois indices de diversité spatiale adaptés de la littérature en économie de l’environnement ont été utilisés pour mesurer la diversification des cultures au niveau des exploitations agricoles. Les résultats montrent que l’aversion au risque a un effet négatif et significatif sur la diversification des cultures. Les producteurs averses au risque se concentrent plus sur la production des cultures traditionnelles moins risquées et à faible valeur marchande.
This thesis examines the impact of land property rights on the performance of smallholder farmers and the role of risk aversion in crop diversification at the farm level. The dissertation is structured in four chapters. The first chapter provides a literature review of the methods and results of empirical studies that analyze the impact of land property rights on the performance of smallholder farmers in developing countries. It shows that the results of previous empirical studies are mixed about the real effects of property rights. The heterogeneity of the results is related both to the evaluation techniques used and to the local context of the tenure system’s management. However, the results converge towards an endogeneity between the property rights and the performance of smallholder farmers in contexts where customary land management is predominant. The second chapter analyzes the impact of land tenure differences on the adoption of agri-environmental innovations. It uses the propensity score matching method to select observations with the same observable characteristics to account for selection bias stemming from observed variables. In addition, possible self-selection arising from unobserved variables is addressed using a multinomial endogenous treatment effect model developed by Deb and Trivedi (2006). The chapter uses detailed cross-sectional plot-level dataset collected in Benin and covering a sample of 2,800 smallholder farmers and 4,233 plots. The results indicate that the intensity of the adoption of agri-environmental practices is consistently higher on owned plots than borrowed, rented or sharecropped plots. The third chapter uses the sample selection model introduced by Greene (2010) in stochastic frontier functions applied to a distance function in output and in combination with the matching method to analyze the impact of land security on technical efficiency of smallholder farmers in Benin. It also uses the non-parametric DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) to analyze the effect of land tenure on agricultural productivity and to decompose this effect into a technical efficiency gap and technological differential between landowners and non-owners. The results show that non-owners are on average more productive than landowners because of their greater technical efficiency, while landowners have a technological advantage. The fourth chapter examines the effect of risk aversion on crop diversification among smallholder farmers in Burkina Faso. A field experiment in a form of lottery was conducted to measure producers' risk aversion. To measure crop diversification, we use three indices of spatial diversity in crop species adapted from the ecological economics literature. The results show that risk aversion has a negative and significant effect on crop diversification. Risk-averse producers focus more on the production of traditional, less risky and low market value crops.
This thesis examines the impact of land property rights on the performance of smallholder farmers and the role of risk aversion in crop diversification at the farm level. The dissertation is structured in four chapters. The first chapter provides a literature review of the methods and results of empirical studies that analyze the impact of land property rights on the performance of smallholder farmers in developing countries. It shows that the results of previous empirical studies are mixed about the real effects of property rights. The heterogeneity of the results is related both to the evaluation techniques used and to the local context of the tenure system’s management. However, the results converge towards an endogeneity between the property rights and the performance of smallholder farmers in contexts where customary land management is predominant. The second chapter analyzes the impact of land tenure differences on the adoption of agri-environmental innovations. It uses the propensity score matching method to select observations with the same observable characteristics to account for selection bias stemming from observed variables. In addition, possible self-selection arising from unobserved variables is addressed using a multinomial endogenous treatment effect model developed by Deb and Trivedi (2006). The chapter uses detailed cross-sectional plot-level dataset collected in Benin and covering a sample of 2,800 smallholder farmers and 4,233 plots. The results indicate that the intensity of the adoption of agri-environmental practices is consistently higher on owned plots than borrowed, rented or sharecropped plots. The third chapter uses the sample selection model introduced by Greene (2010) in stochastic frontier functions applied to a distance function in output and in combination with the matching method to analyze the impact of land security on technical efficiency of smallholder farmers in Benin. It also uses the non-parametric DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) to analyze the effect of land tenure on agricultural productivity and to decompose this effect into a technical efficiency gap and technological differential between landowners and non-owners. The results show that non-owners are on average more productive than landowners because of their greater technical efficiency, while landowners have a technological advantage. The fourth chapter examines the effect of risk aversion on crop diversification among smallholder farmers in Burkina Faso. A field experiment in a form of lottery was conducted to measure producers' risk aversion. To measure crop diversification, we use three indices of spatial diversity in crop species adapted from the ecological economics literature. The results show that risk aversion has a negative and significant effect on crop diversification. Risk-averse producers focus more on the production of traditional, less risky and low market value crops.
Khoualed, Mohammed. "Genèse et appropriation de la rente pétrolière : accumulation ou recyclage (le cas des pays membres de l'O.P.E.P.)." Aix-Marseille 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986AIX24001.
Full textSangoori, Pommier Aida. "Les acteurs des politiques pétrolières internationales : l'OPEP et les pays industrialisés occidentaux." Paris 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA020085.
Full textThe thesis explains the action of the chief actors of the international petroleum policies, according to different countries and in crisis periods or in peace- and war-time. These two actors are on one hand the organization of petroleum exporting countries (opec) for the producers and exporters and, on other hand the industrialized countries for the consomers and importers part. The relationship between these two actors is not always a conflictual relation but is leads sometimes to a cooperation. Petroleum is since a long time source of power and a political stake
Ndoutoumé, Ngome Jonathan. "Les aspects géopolitiques et géostratégiques de l'exploitation pétrolière dans les pays du golfe de Guinée." Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT3007.
Full textThe Middle-East, the world’s largest oil producer, no longer seems to be suffiscient guarantee for the current demand, not because its huge oil reserves are empty, but due to the insecurity and instability prevailing there. That is why other areas of production, such as the Gulf of Guinea, gain access to this new oil geopolitics the world knows. The Gulf of Guinea is an area endowed with abundant oil reserves in sea. Though those undeniable potentialities, far from contributing to socio-economic rise, oil turns out to be rather a factor of competition among powers, geopolitical tension among and within states in the Gulf of Guinea. This situation stems from the crucial role played by African states as providers of raw materials. It is what this dissertation tries to demonstrate through the description, the analysis of the geopolitical and geostrategic aspects of oil exploitation in the states of the Gulf of Guinea. This study proposes a global thought on the necessity of good governing in the area, in order to obtain a sustainable and balanced exploitation of oil
Al, Hasheme Waleed. "Utilisation des revenus pétroliers et intégration économique : le cas des pays arabes du Moyen-Orient." Aix-Marseille 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX24003.
Full textThe rise of oil prices in 1973 was seen by Arabic oil-producing countries in the middle east as a historic opportunity not to be missed in order to rapidly diversify their economies and thus reduce their dependence to a non renewable natural source of wealth. In any case the use of oil profits at the national level was hindered by the low capacity of absorption of these countries. As for the external use of those revenues, it resulted in a considerable loss due to depreciation of the dollar and to inflation. The same happened with development aid which produced disappointing results since it was sometimes dictated by political motivations. Nevertheless, with its potential wealth, the middle eastern region really holds all the elements to enable them to head for harmonious social and economic development. Such a stage of development shall obviously not be reached without putting up a true strategy for integration based on a restructuration in the areas of production and exchange, as well as a mobilization of human and financial resources
Farvardin, Fereidoon. "L'OPEP et le marché mondial du pétrole : (1980-2000)." Paris 13, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA131006.
Full textThe general themes of this research work can be summarized as : - oil, because it is critical to world economy, and is still relatively cheap to extract, will remain the premium residual energy source (and therefore its market the energy price setter) well into the next century. - in the areas other than the persian gulf region of the middle east, oil is becoming difficult to extract and therefore more expensive. - according opec's oil exporting countries of the persian gulf are in the market to stay through the rest of the century. - because of some inherent characteristics of the oil market price movements are likely to continue to exhibit strong fluctuations. Instability could be worsened not only by new shocks but also by shifts in the market power. Thus the market will retain potential to damage the interests of both oil exporting and oil importing countries
Tiaiba, Farid Zineddine. "Les entreprises creees dans le cadre de l'opaep : aspects juridiques." Paris 5, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA05A004.
Full textCherif, Mohamed-Jallel. "Adaptation des payes arabes à uine nouvelle donne pétrolière." Paris 9, 1987. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1987PA090038.
Full textThe contribution of oil in the economic growth of arab countries is relatively considerable, but the actual condition of sales and reserves of hydrocarbon of certain countries in the O. A. P. E. C. C appears to be reaching an unquestionable high level. The need for a rapid distribution of oil revenues through accelerated industrialization justifies itself in point of fact concerning this new oil deal. The object of thesis is the study of the dynamics of oil reserves in relation to that of economic activity. In this research we have attempted to deal with the following three themes. - the evolution of different sources of energy - the industrial valorization of hydrocarbons - the 'large-scale' economic results of oil expropriation and subsequent oil stratagies. These are the three points which have been approached in this thesis
Kouamé, Edouard. "Problèmes de commercialisation des produits agricoles de base analyse historique et prospective de l'expérience des pays producteurs africains /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37606684b.
Full textAL, SADI WATHAB. "Les rapports entre les pays producteurs de petrole et le marche mondial, et le developpement de l'economie arabe." Poitiers, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988POIT4004.
Full textIn this thesis there are three developed principal ideas : 1- the problem of the energy is a global one both in the time and the space. 2- the exploitation of the petrol of the under developing countries by the companies and the developing countries and their captivity of a grand part of the petroleum rent is an continues phenomena for a medium and a long term, and it is only a result of the production and the purchase of the petrol by the under developing countries. The dependance of these countries is by means as essential term of the international petroleum industry. 3 - the development of the arab world by the rent strength rent nature and the parasite of the arab countries and insure their dependance to the world market. We proved here that these ideas are related to each other. The sources of energy are separated and regarded as a competitive and unchangble sources. The utilization of the petrol as a source of energy satisfy the needs of the developing countries, it is reserved for non specific usage wich can be done by another sources. This lead to dissipate the petrol and mantain the prices in so low level. The companies and the developing countries gain this source and the big part of its rent. .
Eftekhari, Nirou. "L'étude de la rente pétrolière et de ses différents impacts dans les pays exportateurs de pétrole." Paris 4, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA040017.
Full textOil exporting countries have met with difficulties in directing their external resources toward the promotion of domestic economic development; these difficulties indicate that economic development does not automatically follow the availability of financial resources. The governments of these oil exporting countries, which came to power after political independence, now play a major role in the collection and distribution of external resources, and willingly or not - take part in a new - economic, social, and cultural form of dependence. The mechanisms behind this "perversion" are economic, political, ideological and cultural. A country-by-country analysis of these mechanisms is necessary, taking into account each country's specific characteristics. If one considers the attempts to prepare the post-oil economy to have failed, this failure reveals the major contradictions which exist in developing countries, the main one being the discrepancy between state and nation. This discrepancy, which is implicit in all third world countries, is made more blatant in oil-exporting countries by the effects induced by the massive inflow of oil income
Bibang, Endamane Cyrille. "Analyse du rôle des firmes multinationales pétrolières dans les pays en développement : Elf Gabon et l'économie "d'Après-pétrole"." Paris 10, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA100014.
Full textAhmed, Mohamed Ali. "L'aide publique de l'OPEP au développement." Nice, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NICE0005.
Full textMbangare, Mobe Milaiti. "La richesse pétrolière : une malédiction pour les pays d'Afrique de l'Ouest ? Une étude comparative." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18551.
Full textSebai, Samia. "L'impact des fluctuations du prix du pétrole sur l'activité économique : application aux pays de la région MENA." Caen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CAEN0503.
Full textThe influence of oil price fluctuations has been the subject of several empirical studies, however there is no consensus on the transmission mechanisms in the economy. The objective of this thesis is to identify the impact of oil price changes on the real economy and on the stock markets of the MENA region countries. For this purpose, we firstly implement causality and cointegration tests to analyze the interactions between energy prices and macroeconomic variables respectively on the short and long term. Moreover, by dissociating the effects of increases and decreases in oil prices, we test the potential for asymmetric transmission of shocks on economic variables regarding exporting and importing MENA countries. In a second time, we analyze the interdependencies between the stock market and oil market through a VAR (1)-GARCH (1,1) model estimation with constant conditional correlation which takes into account the impact of shocks transmission on yields and volatilities of both markets. We conduct both an aggregated and sectorial analysis to analyze the impact of changes in energy prices on domestic stock index and identify the most vulnerable economic sectors. Finally, the analysis of correlations between the stock market and oil market provide useful information on portfolio diversification in the presence of the oil price fluctuations’ risk
Al-Majali, Ahmad. "L'arbitrage et les contrats pétroliers dans le monde arabe." Paris 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA020069.
Full textSince the start of petroleum concessions, companies and their country of adherence have played a major role in the completion of oil contracts and they have profited by having the authority to impose their wishes. These contracts were being established on unequal legal reports and more often aimed at companies departing from unwillingly signed agreements. Sometimes even the law of national sovereignty was put into dispute. This was the main cause of disagreement. That is why the country producing the petroleum discarded the previous contracts and set up new ones. These new contracts have detailed rules about the procedure of arbitration, such as the principle of the autonomy of arbitration clauses which forbids the country to refuse the ruling even if this contract is void. Indeed, as the juridical nature of the contract varies according to the internal dispositions of each country, the jurists wondered what was the juridical nature of the petroleum contract. In fact, determining this nature helps us to determine the law applicable to the dispute. That is why the foreign companies wish to internationalise the petroleum contracts and choose the transnational law, which includes Lex Mercatoria and general principles of law, to be the applicable law. In fact, this internationalisation would prevent all the political and juridical modifications which could happen in the producing country and affect the dispositions of the contract, because the companies think the exploration of petroleum would take a long time. This delay would create risks and necessitate investment, and therefore constitute the essential cause of disputation. When the arbitration tribunal resolves this disputation in favour of the companies. Nevertheless, these companies face another problem, when the country refuses to implement the arbitration. This question was resolved by the international arbitration convention which rules oblige the member country to make the arbitral award without claiming the jurisdiction's immunity
Lebdioui, Amina. "Le régime juridique de l’accès aux réserves d’hydrocarbures, enjeux de la coopération entre Etats producteurs et investisseurs étrangers." Thesis, Paris 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA020082.
Full textWhen the State decides to undertake the exploration or exploitation of its hydrocarbons reserves, it is not subject to any international obligation concerning the implementations of such decision. This lack of obligations has not prevented states from developing rules at the national level to reduce their freedom in the selection of operators. The secret negotiations that have long prevailed in the petroleum sector have been replaced by more transparent and open competition procedures, backed by objective criteria. With the objective of attracting foreign investment and facilitating the process of conclusion of contracts, those procedures have been progressively generalized and standardized, both in their formalism and in their terms. We consequently observe a global standardization process of the terms of access to reserves, in which international financial institutions have been directly or indirectly involved.One of the essential aspects of the procedure of rights allocation relates to the role of the national oil company. It enjoys preferential treatment, which has implications on the modalities of participation of foreign firms. Furthermore, in several states, the national oil company has been responsible for granting petroleum contracts, thereby combining functions that render it a key actor in the sector. The standardization of its attributions has also undergone a process of international convergence, which alters the relation between the State and the foreign investor
Makhous, Monzer. "Le pétrole dans le développement des pays arabes : une maladie hollandaise ou une épidémie arabe ? : analyse du développement économique, social et politique des pays du Moyen Orient et d'Afrique du nord." Paris 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA030002.
Full textThis thesis attempts to evaluate the real efficiency of the use of petroleum resources in the development of Arab countries as applying methodological more innovative and original approaches: That is a combination of standard methods of economic analysis and modern procedures of mathematical multidimensional statistics. An attempt is made to define the scale and the dynamics of economic and social differentiation of Arab states as in time as well as in space that is to inscribe these states in the world development scenery. In this context the following topics are investigated: The social and economic transformations and development, regional integration and summary estimations of the position of Arab countries in world economy, economic and social development reciprocal interrelations, human and material development level and the structure of national economy. Questions of high importance and contemporary geopolitical topicality such as the petroleum market, Islam, Arab nationalism, violence, democracy and economic growth are investigated in depth. Our analysis show that petroleum resources in the Arab development history looks as a pendulum balancing between a genius donation of nature and a terrible harm of unbalanced and immiserising growth. In consequence, we suggest approaches and a set of measures to be put in operation in order that petroleum resources and incomes from them become a driving force of economic and social development, and no more as an ephemeral source of easy money, corruption, military adventures, totalitarian authorities and repressive political regimes
Hendawi, Hossam. "L'Organisation des pays arabes exportateurs de pétrole (OPAEP) : problémes juridiques et politiques d'une organisation internationale spécialisée dans le domaine des affaires pétrolières." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CLF10053.
Full textAssadi, Djamshid. "Stratégies des acteurs dans les trois physionomies du marché pétrolier." Paris 9, 1987. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1987PA090025.
Full textIn the petroleum industry, the actors' strategies and the market structures influence each other mutually. Actors' strategic behaviour acts upon the structure (physiognomy) of the market. This, in turn, restricts the strategic manoeuvres and appears as one of the fundamental elements of the game. By contributing to the evolution of the market, the actors themselves are affected by the consequences. Three successive features can be distinguished in the petroleum market as a result of the actors' strategic behaviour. The first two features are primarily oligopolized by the majors, then by theOPEC countries. The third one is polyarchic. The vertical integration strategy continues to be the dominante strategy of the majors in the periode of the three features
Canavesio, Remy. "EXPLOITATION INFORMELLE DES PIERRES PRÉCIEUSES ET DÉVELOPPEMENT DANS LES NOUVEAUX PAYS PRODUCTEURS. LE CAS DES FRONTS PIONNIERS D'ILAKAKA A MADAGASCAR." Phd thesis, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00636786.
Full textSanchez, Richard. "Estimation du soutien aux producteurs : vérification empirique des hypothèses sous-jacentes." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26765/26765.pdf.
Full textGomes, Gabriel. "Impacts macroéconomiques, financiers et environnementaux des fluctuations du prix du pétrole : trois éssais empiriques." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100084.
Full textThis thesis analyzes how fluctuations in the price of oil affect the economies of commodity exporting countries. More specifically, the aim of this thesis is to investigate the macroeconomic, financial and environmental impacts of oil price fluctuations, by paying particular attention to the oil currency hypothesis. To this end, this thesis is composed of three chapters. The first and second chapters deal with the real exchange rate of the currencies of several oil exporting countries. The third chapter explores the links between the price of biofuels and the current account of emerging and developing countries exporting or importing agricultural raw materials controlling for the potential nonlinear effect exerted by the price of oil on this relationship. Altogether these chapters show that while the price of oil has a macroeconomic effect on oil exporting and agricultural commodities exporting countries, its impact varies across countries and there is no one fits all rule
Béraud, Philippe, and Innocento Sodji. "Les modalités de formation et de recyclage de la rente pétrolière." Paris 10, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA100070.
Full textThe subject of this work consists in revealing the conditions of formation, appropriation and redistribution of oil rent from a new angle. In order to fulfill the requirements of the problematic in a relevant way, a division into two parts was adopted, referring to the methods of interpretation of energy economics and development economics respectively. The heuristic stake lies in the capacity to restitute the very unity and continuity of the studied phenomenon, by linking together the teachings drawn from the two preceding investigation fields, and thus by rejecting the classical dichotomy or and descriptive interpretation. In this way, our contribution shows itself an attempt to follow and to reflect the cycle of the rent from its start to its metamorphosis. Therefore the first part deals with the analysis of the conditions of formation and appropriation of oil surplus. Stress is laid on the structure of energy prices and on the factors which determine its evolution. For this purpose we show that the confrontation between the conditions of energy supply and demand (including the influence of public intervention) can be an object of systematization able to reflect the combination of factors, making the understanding of the economic links between the different sources of energy obvious. The nature of oil surplus, the evolution of its amount and of its repartition, can therefore be interpreted in the light of the theoretical teachings acquired in the framework of this systematization. The second part deals with the analysis of the conditions and the effects of redistribution of oil surplus in the OPEC countries, especially of the arabo-iranian area (Algeria, Libya, Iraq, Iran, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait). Stress is laid on industrialization and others aspects of economic evolution of these countries
Brémond, Vincent. "Prix du pétrole, tendance et cycles." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100099.
Full textThe relationships between macroeconomic variables and oil prices have deserved a great interest in the economic literature. Those interactions depend on both the retained variables and the time horizon considered. The aim of the PhD is to study the relationships between oil price and various macroeconomic and financial variables by considering different time horizons as well as various econometric procedures. After reminding the oil industry evolution since 1860, we study the relationships between oil price and the production behavior of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, using both time series and panel data tools. Then, an analysis with time-varying parameters VAR models is implemented, regarding the impact of the USD exchange rate on the Brent price. Lastly, we study the co-movements between oil and commodity prices, using non stationary panel data methodology
Hoang, Vu Quang. "Application de l'accord antidumping 1994 de l'OMC par l'Union Européenne et des implications sur les décisions des producteurs et autorités européennes." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26315/26315.pdf.
Full textDiasso, Yankou. "Dynamiques de moyen et long terme des cours des matières premières : les enjeux pour le développement dans les pays africains producteurs de coton." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAB003/document.
Full textThis thesis analyzes the economic development issues related to the medium and long-term dynamics of commodities prices in general and cotton prices in particular. Studies on the long-term perspective traditionally question the relevance of primary specializations of LDCs. In the medium term, the interest is relates to price instability for which the consequences are all the more important as countries’ dependency on the exports of such products becomes stronger. The stakes then revolve around market regulation modalities, and the choice of risk management tools (e.g. public or private interventions). These depend on the apprehension of price fluctuations as a phenomenon arising from endogenous or exogenous market factors. In a new economical context influenced by the growing importance of oligopolistic firms, a segmentation of the productive process and the financialization of commodity markets, we address differently these issues through a new analytical framework. The proposed analysis first shows how approaches such as the ones related to global value chains are more adapted to tackle industrial/commercial policies in commodity dependent LDCs. Second, in a context of heterogeneous behavioral models, we rely on the concept of bounded rationality to show the presence of a strong endogenous component in instability. Thus, it proves the inefficiency of private interventions to counter instability. Considering these findings in the case of African cotton producers, we conclude that it remains possible to incorporate the commodity in a global development strategy. But this involves the use of hybrid-type mechanisms (public-private) for managing uncertainty, combined with a reinforcement of cross-border cooperation dynamics in order to structure regional value chains
Arzelier, Marie-Pierre. "Impact d'un choc exogène sur la structure productive d'une petite économie ouverte : le cas de pays en développement exportateurs de pétrole." Aix-Marseille 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX2A002.
Full textGautrey, Garance. "La construction d'un modèle alternatif de commerce équitable impulsée par les producteurs des pays du Sud : quelles logiques et quel travail institutionnels à l'oeuvre?" Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0648.
Full textOur work aims to understand how Southern producers appropriate fair trade and build a new fair trade model. We study a single case: a fair trade label created in the early 2000s by a Latino American producers’ organizations network committed in fair trade that has a long-standing commitment to fair trade. We build on the institutional logics framework to characterize the macro forces at work in the construction of this new model, and on the institutional work framework to identify the practices implemented by producers and other stakeholders to deal with those logics and configure them. Our results show that producers firstly call for a socio-political logic, which aims an economic development in the South, the establishment of commercial relationships mainly based on trust, and the possibility for producers to impose their quality criteria. However, the use of a label brings producers quickly face market logic. It implies standardization, anonymisation of relationships and gives to the buyers the power to influence the content of the standards. The challenge is to create a new model based on a compromise between both logics. At first, actors create a multitude of regulatory measures and as a second step, cognitive and normative practices aim at justifying and promoting the initiative. Resistance practices are also observed. Our thesis contributes to neo institutionalist theory mainly by showing the difficulty to emancipate from dominant institutional logics – in our case market logic – during institutional creation process
Bocoum, Mohamadoun Baréma. "Fonds de l'O. P. E. P. [Organisation des Pays Exportateurs de Pétrole] pour le développement international et l'Afrique : un exemple de coopération Sud-Sud." Montpellier 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985MON10055.
Full textYadav, Surendra Singh. "La gestion rationnelle de l'énergie et son influence sur la balance des paiements : le cas de l'Inde : un pays importateur de pétrole." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010071.
Full textDuring the 1980s, most of the developing countries have undergone a serious crisis of external debt and balance of payments. Alarmed by this crisis, the world bank and the IMF have put in place the policies of structurel adjustment in these countries. India is no exception. However, apart from these adjustment programmes, every country should analyse a certain number of sectors that have weighed heavily on the problem of the balance of payments. For example, in the case of India, it is the energy sector that consumes more than 30% of its export earnings. Therefore, a better management of the energy demand and supply may constitute an important domain while tackling the problem of the balance of payments. This thesis tries to analyse the different policies and practices of energy management being followed at the moment, to identify the areas where improvement is possible, and to suggest the necessary action. Every petroleum importing country - india being such a one- would find itself in a very difficult situation if there were to take place a third petroleum shock. Therefore, rational management of energy is not only necessary, it is indispensable to carry on the process of economic development, while remaining sheltered from any major perturbation such as sudden aggravation of the problem of balance of payments. Rational management of energy has another advantage : less is the use of the polluting forms of energy, better it is for the quality of the environment and ecological balance
Roufaie, Ali al. "Les modalités juridiques de l'aide multilatérale entre les pays en voie de développement, dans le cadre de l'OPEP et du système régional arabe." Aix-Marseille 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986AIX32016.
Full textThis study which focused on the legal modalities of the multilateral aid given by arab and opec countries to other developing countries is divided into two parts. The firts past is essentialy a study of : - the notion of "development aid" - the legal bases of the aid given to developing countries - the juridical bases of the aid given by arab and opec countries to other developing countries - the nature of arab opec aid - the institutional framework of arab opec multilateral aid. It con- cerns the aid given by following development aid institutions : 1 - "arab fund for economic and social development" 2 - "arab bank for economic development in africa" 3 - "opec fund for international development" the second part deals with the legal and financial regulations of the aid given by the above institutions and covers the following subjects : - the legal aspects of the loan agreement concluded between the opec fund for international development and a borrower state - the source of the financial ressources of these institutions and their use - the statutory forms of the aid given by these institutions - the beneficiaries of this aid - the allocation of this aid
Jamshidi, Zahra. "Les contrats pétroliers et gaziers dans les pays du golfe persique : aspects de droit substantiel et processuel." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01D081.
Full textThe least that can best describe our world today is a world of oil and gas. If this evidence does not present itself today in the same way as it was a century ago, the events of recent years, in particular the two crises of the Persian Gulf, have demonstrated the strategic importance of these raw materials for the whole planet, especially for the countries of this region. One of the most important problems in this domain can be related to different types of contracts. However, it can be said that the contract is a basis that depends on the specific characteristics of each region and each country. Considering the international markets penetration, particularly in the domain of oil and gas contracts, related to political, economic and legal complexities, each host country or operating company seeks to select a particular contract and modify its status in order to get the most profit possible. In contrast with the political situations of the past experiences, the risks like the nationalization, the geological situation, the economic condition of the host country, the international reactions like the sanctions, the security of the oil region, etc. are the factors which determine the clauses and conditions of contracts. Contractual rights and obligations are normally specified by the contract itself to avoid the risk of a subjective interpretation of one of the parties. Disputes arising from the petroleum contract are never submitted to the domestic courts of the contracting countries and are subject to arbitration