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Academic literature on the topic 'Paysage – Madagascar (île)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Paysage – Madagascar (île)"
Boutrais, Jean-Baptiste. "ROBINEAU, Claude, 2000, Les îles mystérieuses ; paysages et problèmes de sociétés paysannes (Comores, Congo, Madagascar, Polynésie)." Journal des Africanistes, no. 75-1 (September 2, 2005): 329–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/africanistes.631.
Full textDanthu, Pascal, Eric Penot, Karen Mahafaka Ranoarisoa, Jean-Chrysostome Rakotondravelo, Isabelle Michel, Marine Tiollier, Thierry Michels, et al. "Le giroflier de Madagascar : une introduction réussie, un avenir à construire." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 320, no. 320 (March 17, 2014): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2014.320.a20547.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Paysage – Madagascar (île)"
Rakoto-Ramiarantsoa, Hervé. "La dynamique des paysages sur les hautes terres centrales malgaches et leur bordure orientale." Paris 10, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA100070.
Full textThree research-fields have been chosen in Imerina, according to climatic nuances and to the occupancy seniority, this latter bearing different social situations. A comparative analysis regards the landscapes as marks of the peasant societies' action and seeks for its differentiation elements. The thesis includes three parts. The first one describes the environment under two angles : a scientific, objective analysis presents the land surveying, within the tropical middle mountain and specifies the east-west climatic and biogeographic variations; a subjective analysis based on peasants' perception shows a significant sensitivity of the merina to mineral element and to water and the important place of the vegetation in spite of its degradation. The second part considers the geographic space through three themes as follows: - its occupation which establishes the role of history in the genesis of the regions;- its development by techniques known by all but which are mobilized differently according to the priorities. Thus, the example of the protection of the slopes against erosion shows that the landscapes' dynamics is first of all a social dynamics; - some of the landscapes characteristics, mainly their "merinite" and their paradoxes. The evolution of these two aspects marks the dynamic state of these spaces. The last part insists on the mutations of these rural districts as a result of a strong demographic growth without an equivalent emigration. The societies' ability to find solutions to satisfy their needs is analysed as well as the factors which stress local peculiarities ; considerations about the actions to be undertaken in the interest of the rural peopleemphasize the necessity of a territorial adminisration. .
Raharison, Lucien. "Héritage foncier, évolution du paysage agraire et de la paysannerie en Imenina (hautes terres centrales de Madagascar) de la fin du 19e siècle aux années 1990." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA070018.
Full textIn this study, we would to show clearly, on the one hand, the predominance of the succession over the landownership in Imerina(high land in Central Madagascar), in spite of, on the other hand, the development of the sale of land. The two most practiced modes of access to landownership in Imerina seem to be contradictory whereas in fact they are complementary. The sale of land seems at first sight, contrary to patriony of inheritance principles. The sale of land is one of adaptations to customary principles in order to preserve the social bond despite the economic difficulties in the sense that the sale of lands is not allowed except by local people's agreement. There is endo-transferability but not exo-transferability. In that sense the land is not (or not entirely) a property, therefore we can't talk about land market. Seing an integral part of standards a value System, centuries old practice, the inheritance has evolved with the time. Until when will the rule of endo-transferability resist to the pressure of market and to the obligation of the permanent revival of social bonds ? Problems of ration evolution between inheritance, sales of land and other mode of access to landownership involve in having interest both in customary right and in contemporary one on its every aspect. Other factors have also to be taken into account within a entire scope of the custom. In our methodology, we have worked on source of documents such as: Land registry Lists and records of local delegates, monographies. All those things have been examined and completed by the investigations
Quéméré, Erwan. "Génétique du paysage de populations fragmentées de lémuriens à Madagascar : conservation du propithèque à couronne dorée (Propithecus tattersalli) dans la région de Daraina." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/642/.
Full textSince habitat fragmentation reduces the size of habitat patches and decreases their level of connectivity, this process is among the greatest threats faced by species in tropical regions. Here, we studied the case of the golden-crowned sifaka (Propithecus tattersalli), a rare and threatened species of lemur from northeastern Madagascar, whose populations are only found in a small and highly fragmented forest habitat. This socially-organized species, endemic to the Daraina area, was only discovered twenty years ago (Simons, 1988) and little is know about its resiliency to the growing habitat openness. To provide relevant information to set up appropriate conservation strategies for this species, we 1) studied its distribution and assessed the density of its main populations and 2) characterized its global genetic structure isolating new specific microsatellites and collecting faeces from 403 putative individuals (118 social groups) sampling in the whole distribution area. The results of the demographic analyses suggest a large heterogeneity of density among surveyed forest patches (between 34 and 90 individuals/km²) and a total species size between 11,000 and 26,000 individuals and most likely above 18,000 individuals. Combining spatial and genetic analyses, we showed that the Manankolana River is the main geographical feature shaping P. Tattersalli 's genetic diversity, and that it probably played a role as a barrier to gene flow whereas the national road does not seem to strongly impede the dispersal of individuals. Our results also suggested a strong influence of the isolation by distance and a weak influence of the forest habitat structural connectivity on dispersal patterns at the landscape scale even though one of the population in north of the distribution area is highly differentiated suggesting a strong local impact of habitat fragmentation. At the resource patch scale, we found that individuals within social groups are closely related and that most of the dispersal events occur between adjacent social groups as suggested by behavioural information (Meyers, 1993). Lastly, the study of the P. Tattersalli demographic history revealed that the populations underwent a bottleneck at a period between 1500 and 3000 years ago leading to a drastic reduction of effective population size (from several thousand individuals to a few hundred individuals per population). .
Ramaromanana, Andriamahefazafy Fanomezantsoa. "Aide au développement et aléas de la structuration paysanne : une approche par l'économie de proximités : le cas de groupements paysans malgaches." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008VERS010S.
Full textThis thesis examines the vitality of the peasant structuring generated by the development aid. The collective action perennity created through the constitution of peasants organizations is conceived as one of the efficiency conditions of the development aid. We showed through the cases observed in Madagascar, that associative dynamics around these peasants organizations are generally volatilized once confronted with the end of support from the development aid agency in their origin (initial development aid agency). A framework based on the economics of proximity allowed us to show that strong organized proximity bonds previous and built between the members within a peasant group permit to brave with such situation. Benefit from support beyond those provided by the initial development aid agency also contributes to consolidate the robustness of the peasant group. Accordingly, we showed that the embedding of the relation and the contiguity between the peasant group and its initial development aid agency slow down the ability of the group to increase its horizon of external collaboration. The results of our research confirm the insufficiency of the single geographical, the positive role of the organized dimension of the proximity to facilitate coordination and bring a new knowledge on its eventual negative repercussions
Rollin, Dominique. "Des rizières aux paysages : éléments pour une gestion de la fertilité dans les exploitations agricoles du Vakinankaratra et du nord betsileo (Madagascar)." Paris 10, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA100080.
Full textThe practices applied by Madagascan farmers to manage soil fertility in the highlands region must be studied in terms of diversity of environmental conditions and diversity of land improvement methods after examining some key concepts and the methodology implemented, environmental conditions are considered with an emphasis on diversity and homogeneity criteria, interdependencies in considered variables, and historical approach to resource access. Farm holdings are characterized trough some homogeneity then differentiation criteria. They have some similarities as regards the organization of production and systems of land management, but are highly affected by diversity because of unequal access to land tenure, differences in cropping systems, animal-farming extent and combinations of activities. Four main types of operation of the farm system are so proposed. The last part focused on peasant practices concerning water management and soil fertility, especially on the use of manure and mineral fertilizer. Prospects of intensification are considered from the viewpoint of the organization and functioning of the different commodity chains. In conclusion, three main types of strategies regarding the water and soil fertility management are identified. Possible consequences for development actions are considered putting an emphasis on accounting for diversity and restoration of improved economic conditions. New orientations for resarci are also recommence
Moreau, Sophie. "Les gens de la lisière : la forêt, l'arbre et la construction d'une civilisation paysanne : Sud Betsileo, Madagascar." Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100159.
Full textEnvironmental discourses in Madagascar emphasize deforestation and the destructive practices of peasants. This idea became a received wisdom that we are putting on to the test in the context of a contact forest-savanna landscape, in South Betsileo. Here, deforestation has been processing slowly for the past centuries. This is due to the way that the Betsileo civilisation built itself. : peasants, living in villages at the edge of the forest, slowly abandoned a former complex land use system and focalised on wet rice cultivation associated with cattle breeding, During the last century, human settlement and land use have fluctuated between periods of expansion at the expense of the forest, and periods of coming back to the old villages. Forest and trees planted are traditionally used in a symbolic meaning, in order to appropriate the land. For the last thirty years, forest has been playing a new economic rote. Deforestation is processing. Forest's protection became a major stake for NGO
Boulogne, Marine. "Vulnérabilité des paysages forestiers dans le parc de Ranomafana (Madagascar) : dynamiques environnementales et trajectoires agroforestières." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAU018/document.
Full textIn the context of currents environmental changes, and deal with anthropogenic pressures, the preservation of tropical forest has become a major issue. In this context, Madagascar island has implemented a new forest policy since 1990, having garnered the creation of protected areas. Ranomafana National Park has been created in 1991 and classify as World heritage in 2007. The establishment of a landscape dynamics monitoring at the local level, using remote sensing, allow analysis of forest changes faces anthropogenic pressures, taking into account the specificities of the study area. This monitoring allows to observe past and crurrent pressures on forest and point landscape trajectories. In addition, the forest bioclimatic activity monitoring examines the impact of climatic conditions and land use change on vegetation dynamics. The trend is the global reduction of forest cover mainly of lowland forest. Forest degradation rate during these past 25 years is estimated at 0,62%/year. These variations are different depending on the distance to the Park. Furthermore, analysis of photosynthetic activity reveals a general decline in values over the study period, regardless of the plant community type studied.Keys-words : Madagascar, remote sensing, tropical forests, Land-use change
Books on the topic "Paysage – Madagascar (île)"
Robineau, Claude. Les îles mystérieuses: Paysages et problèmes de sociétés paysannes : Comores, Congo, Madagascar, Polynésie. Abbeville: F. Paillart, 2000.
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