Academic literature on the topic 'Pb - Zn - Cd'
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Journal articles on the topic "Pb - Zn - Cd"
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Deswati, Deswati, Hamzar Suyani, and Safni Safni. "THE METHOD DEVELOPMENT OF ANALYSIS Cd, Cu, Pb AND Zn IN SEA WATER BY ABSORPTIVE STRIPPING VOLTAMMETRY (ASV) IN THE PRESENCE OF CALCON AS COMPLEXING AGENT." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 12, no. 1 (February 14, 2012): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21367.
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A sensitive and selective absorptive stripping voltammetric (AdSV) method to determine Cd(II), Cu(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II) in sea water is proposed. The aim of this study was to get optimum condition for the determination of Cd(II), Cu(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II). Absorptive stripping voltammetry has been used for ultra trace determination of Cd(II), Cu(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II) using calcon as a complexing agent (ligand). In this case, the optimum conditions were reached at 0.1 M KCl supporting electrolyte, concentration of 0.5 mM calcon for Cd(II), Cu(II) 0.3 mM while 0.7 mM for Pb(II) and Zn(II), pH 6 for Cu(II) and pH 7 for Cd(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II), accumulation potential -0.5 V for Cu(II) and Pb(II) and -0.6 V for Cd(II) and Zn(II) and accumulation time 70 sec for Cd(II), 90 sec for Cu(II) and Pb (II) while 50 s for Zn(II). At the optimum condition the relative standard deviations were 7.80%, 4.25%, 8.70% and 0.86% for Cd(II), Cu(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II) respectively for eight replicates (n = 8) measurements of 10 μg/L Cd(II), Cu(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II). The method was applied for the direct determination of Cd(II), Cu(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II) in sea water around Bungus, Padang City. Concentration Cd(II), Cu(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II) in sample were 13.200 μg /L for Cd(II), 17.200 μg/L for Cu(II), 0.089 μg/L for Pb(II) and 62.000 μg/L for Zn(II) with recovery of 98.68%, 97.99%, 96.17% and 99.96% for Cd(II), Cu(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II), respectively.
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Chen, Su, Lei Chao, Li Na Sun, and Tie Heng Sun. "Competition Absorption and Desorption Dynamic Character of Cadmium, Lead and Zinc by Soil in North-East of China." Advanced Materials Research 356-360 (October 2011): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.356-360.52.
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The competitive absorption and desorption of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) in meadow brown soil from Liaoning province in north-east China was studied in the paper in order to establish the selectivity sequences for the sorption and desorption of these heavy metals in the soil and obtain the absorption and desorption dynamic character of these heavy metals. The results showed that with the increasing of the absorption times, the absorption quantities of Cd, Pb and Zn were increased little by little. The absorption process of Cd, Pb and Zn could be divided into the fast absorption phase and the slow absorption phase. And the fast absorption phases were from the beginning to 60 min, 120 min and 120 min for Cd, Pb and Zn, respectively. The more company metals (i.e. Pb and Zn) existed in the absorption solutions, the less absorption quantities of Cd absorbed by soil. The co-existence of Cd, Pb and Zn had obviously decreased the absorption of Pb by soil. And it was the same situation that Zn absorbed by soil was decreased by the company metals such as Cd, Pb. The company metals had obvious influence on the desorption process of Cd. The existence of Pb and Zn promoted the desorption of Cd. And desorption behavior of Zn was bated by the existence of Pb and Cd. While the company metals Cd and Zn restrained the desorption of Pb. The best equation to describe the absorption and desorption dynamic character of Cd, Pb and Zn was Elovich equation, next was Two–constant equation, and the effect of First-order dynamics equation was not good.
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Goering, P. L., and B. A. Fowler. "Metal constitution of metallothionein influences inhibition of δ-aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase (porphobilinogen synthase) by lead." Biochemical Journal 245, no. 2 (July 15, 1987): 339–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2450339.
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This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of Zn and Cd pretreatment on the inhibition of delta-aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD; porphobilinogen synthase, EC 4.2.1.24) by Pb. Male CD rats were pretreated with 200 mumol of Zn/kg s.c. (subcutaneously) or 18 mumol of Cd/kg s.c., 48 and 24 h before assay of ALAD. Pretreatment with Zn resulted in activation of hepatic and renal ALAD and attenuated the inhibition of this enzyme by Pb in vitro. Pretreatment with Cd increased hepatic ALAD activity, and the inhibitory effect of Pb on the hepatic enzyme was attenuated in this group. In contrast with the situation in liver, pretreatment with Cd did not affect the activity of renal ALAD and did not alter the inhibitory effect of Pb on the renal enzyme. The Pb IC50 (concentration causing half-maximal inhibition) values for hepatic and renal ALAD in Zn-pretreated rats and for hepatic ALAD in Cd-pretreated rats were increased above control, whereas the IC50 for renal ALAD in Cd-pretreated rats was unchanged. Cytosolic binding patterns for the three metals were assessed by gel-filtration chromatography and disclosed that 203Pb was co-eluted with Zn and Cd bound to liver and kidney Zn-thioneins and liver Cd, Zn-thionein, although minimal binding of 203Pb to kidney Cd, Zn-thionein was observed. Estimation of the molar ratio of metals bound revealed Cd/Zn ratios of 2 and 5 for Cd, Zn-thioneins from liver and kidney respectively. The inhibition of purified ALAD by Pb was also attenuated by addition of purified Zn-thioneins and Cd, Zn-thioneins from liver and kidney in the following order: liver Zn-thionein = kidney Zn-thionein greater than liver Cd, Zn-thionein much greater than kidney Cd, Zn-thionein. Thus liver and kidney Zn-thioneins and liver Cd, Zn-thionein with a low Cd/Zn ratio readily decrease the free pool of Pb available to interact with ALAD. These data also demonstrate that the capacity of metallothionein to alter the intracellular distribution of Pb and mediate the inhibition of ALAD by Pb is dependent on the tissue source and relative metal constitution of the metallothionein.
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Edem, Victory Fabian, Kikelomo Akintunde, Yewande Adeola Adelaja, Sarah O. Nwozo, and Mabel Charles-Davies. "Zinc, lead, and cadmium levels in serum and milk of lactating women in Ibadan, Nigeria." Toxicology and Industrial Health 33, no. 1 (September 27, 2016): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748233716661073.
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Zinc (Zn) is known to interact with lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) reversing their toxicity and reducing their concentrations. However, lactating women are at high risk of developing Zn deficiency, which may result in Pb and Cd intoxication or increased exposure of breast-fed infants to Pb and Cd from breast milk. The aim of this study was to determine Zn, Pb, and Cd concentrations and examine their relationship in serum and breast milk of lactating women in Ibadan, Nigeria. Ninety-two lactating women were recruited into this study. Anthropometric measurements were assessed by standard methods while serum and breast milk concentrations of Zn, Pb, and Cd were assessed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Data analyzed statistically by Student’s t test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and a multiple regression model were significant at p < 0.05. Zn deficiency was observed in 12 (17.1%) of lactating women. Breast milk levels of Zn, Pb, and Cd were significantly higher than their levels in serum, whereas the ratios Zn:Pb and Zn:Cd in milk were significantly less than serum ratios. Significant negative correlation was observed between milk Pb and serum Zn:Pb while milk Cd correlated positively with milk Zn. Significant positive correlations were observed between serum Zn and serum Zn:Pb, serum Zn and serum Zn:Cd, as well as serum Zn:Cd and serum Zn:Pb. Serum Cd and serum Zn were significantly negatively related. Significant negative correlations between serum Pb and serum Zn:Pb as well as milk Zn:Pb. Serum Cd and serum Zn:Pb as well as serum Zn:Cd correlated negatively. Milk Cd and Zn/Cd positively related with milk Pb while milk Zn was a negatively related with milk Pb in a multiple regression model ( R2 = 0.333; p = 0.023). Breast milk may be contaminated by toxic metals. However, Zn supplementation in deficient mothers may protect maternal and infant health.
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Nuić, Ivona, Marina Trgo, Nediljka Vukojević Medvidović, and Marin Ugrina. "A Mass Transfer Analysis of Competitive Binding of Pb, Cd, and Zn from Binary Systems onto a Fixed Zeolite Bed." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 3 (February 1, 2019): 426. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16030426.
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The low-cost natural zeolite clinoptilolite was successfully applied for the competitive removal of Pb, Cd, and Zn from binary (Pb + Zn) and (Cd + Zn) aqueous solutions at different Pb/Zn and Cd/Zn concentration ratios. The obtained efficiency was in the range of 79.0–85.0%, and was similar for both systems, indicating that no loss in capacity was observed for six successive sorption-desorption cycles. In both systems, after the breakthrough, competition between the ions occurs, leading to overshooting in the Zn’s initial concentration, indicating displacement of already-bound Zn with Pb and Cd from the feeding solutions. The Zn exceeded its initial concentration up to 2.3 times in the presence of Pb, and up to 1.2 times in the presence of Cd. The film diffusion was pronounced as the slowest step responsible for the overall process rate. The overall mass transfer coefficient (Ka) shows higher values for the (Cd + Zn) system compared to the (Pb + Zn) one due to reduced competition and ions migration. An SEM-EDS analysis confirmed a higher amount of bound Pb and Cd compared to Zn, and a mapping analysis revealed the equal distribution of all ions onto the zeolite surface.
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Lanocha-Arendarczyk, Natalia, Danuta Izabela Kosik-Bogacka, Adam Prokopowicz, Elzbieta Kalisinska, Sebastian Sokolowski, Maciej Karaczun, Pawel Zietek, et al. "The Effect of Risk Factors on the Levels of Chemical Elements in the Tibial Plateau of Patients with Osteoarthritis following Knee Surgery." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/650282.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the aforementioned chemical elements in tibial plateau samples obtained during knee arthroplasty. The gender-specific analysis of chemical element levels in the bone samples revealed that there were statistically significant differences in the concentration of Pb and Se/Pb ratio. The contents of elements in the tibial plateau in the patients with osteoarthritis (OA) can be arranged in the following descending order: F−> K > Zn > Fe > Sr > Pb > Mn > Se > Cd > THg. We observed statistical significant effects of environmental factors including smoking, seafood diet, and geographical distribution on the levels of the elements in tibial bone. Significant positive correlation coefficients were found for the relationships K-Cd, Zn-Sr, Zn-F−, THg-Pb, Pb-Cd, Se-Se/Pb, Se-Se/Cd, Se/Pb-Se/Cd, Pb-Cd/Ca, Cd-Cd/Ca, and F−-F−/Ca·1000. Significant negative correlations were found for the relationships THg-Se/Pb, Pb-Se/Pb, Cd-Se/Pb, K-Se/Cd, Pb-Se/Cd, Cd-Se/Cd, THg-Se/THg, Pb-Se/THg, Se-Pb/Cd, Zn-Cd/Ca, and Se/Cd-Cd/Ca. The results reported here may provide a basis for establishing reference values for the tibial plateau in patients with OA who had undergone knee replacement surgery. The concentrations of elements in the bone with OA were determined by age, presence of implants, smoking, fish and seafood diet, and sport activity.
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Rolka, Elżbieta, and Mirosław Wyszkowski. "Availability of Trace Elements in Soil with Simulated Cadmium, Lead and Zinc Pollution." Minerals 11, no. 8 (August 14, 2021): 879. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11080879.
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The research was based on a pot experiment in which the impact of increasing Cd, Zn and Pb doses on the content of available trace elements in soil was compared. Seven series of trials were designed: 1 (Cd), 2 (Pb), 3 (Zn), 4 (Cd + Pb), 5 (Cd + Zn), 6 (Pb + Zn), 7 (Cd + Pb + Zn). Aside from the control one (without the metals), three increasing levels of contamination were considered within each series. Mobile forms of trace elements (Cd, Pb, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, Ni, Co, and Cr) in soil were determined, in addition to which selected physicochemical soil properties—reaction (pH), salinity (EC), hydrolytic acidity (HAC), total exchange bases (TEB)—were identified while cation exchange capacity (CEC), base saturation (BS) and availability factor (AF) were calculated. The application of Cd and Pb to soil resulted in an increase in the share of potentially available forms of these metals in their total content. The availability factor (AF) in the pots polluted with these metals was higher than in the control, in the range 17.5–20.0% for Cd, and 62.8–71.5% for Pb. In turn, the share of Zn mobile forms was comparable in most experimental objects, oscillating around 30%. Moreover, addition to soil of Cd, Pb and Zn usually caused a significant decrease in the content of available forms of Fe, Mn and Cu, and resulted in significantly higher content of available forms of Cr in the soil.
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Iqbal, Javed, and Munir H. Shah. "Study of Selected Metals Distribution, Source Apportionment, and Risk Assessment in Suburban Soil, Pakistan." Journal of Chemistry 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/481324.
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Composite soil samples collected from suburban areas were analyzed for Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Sr, and Zn by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Based on pseudototal metal analysis, Fe, Mn, Sr, and Zn were the prevailing metals while Cd, Co, Cr, and Pb were the least participants. However, based on bioavailability, Cd, Co, Pb, and Sr were easily leachable and might pose adverse effects to soil biota. In ecological risk assessment, contamination factor demonstrated moderate contamination by Co, Sr, and Zn and high contamination by Cd, Cu, and Pb; geoaccumulation index indicated heavy to extreme contamination by Cd and heavy contamination by Pb; enrichment factor revealed significant enrichment by Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Sr, and Zn and extreme enrichment by Cd and Pb. Substantial human inputs for Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb, Sr, and Zn were also revealed by principal component analysis in the examined soil. Overall the study area was found to be contaminated at considerable/high degree.
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Chen, Su, Lei Chao, Li Na Sun, and Tie Heng Sun. "Impacts of Trace Elements Iron and Zinc on Phytoavailability of Heavy Metals Cadmium and Lead." Advanced Materials Research 664 (February 2013): 504–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.664.504.
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In this paper, the soil simulation pot experiment was carried out to study the impacts of trace elements iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) on availability of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb). The self-made Cd and Pb compound contaminated soil was taken as the test soil, and wheat was taken as the test plant. The results show that with the increase in Fe dosage, overground dry weight, root dry weight, and total dry weight of wheat gradually increase; the application of Zn reduces overground dry weight, root dry weight, and total dry weight of wheat. Meanwhile, wheat biomass under Cd and Pb combined pollution is smaller than that under single Cd pollution or single Pb pollution. The application of Fe fertilizer increases Cd absorption of various parts of wheat. In the single Cd pollution treatment, with the increase in Fe dosage, Cd concentrations in roots, stems and leaves of wheat will first be increased, then decreased; in Cd and Pb combined pollution treatment, with the increase in Fe, Cd concentrations in roots, stems and leaves of wheat will also be increased. The application of Fe promotes the Pb absorption of wheat. With the increase in Fe dosage, Pb concentrations in roots, stems and leaves of wheat will first be increased, then decreased slightly. Compared with Zn0, Cd concentrations of different parts of wheat after Zn1 and Zn2 treatment increase significantly. In addition, with the increase in Zn dosage, Cd concentrations of different parts of wheat will first increase, then decrease. Regardless of single Pb pollution treatment or Cd and Pb combined pollution treatment, Pb concentrations of different parts of wheat decrease as Zn dosage increases. Under different Fe and Zn levels, and when Cd and Pb coexist, Pb can promote Cd absorption of plant, but Cd inhibits Pb absorption of plant.
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Kaur, N., B. Singh, and B. J. Kennedy. "Copper substitution alone and in the presence of chromium, zinc, cadmium and lead in goethite (α-FeOOH)." Clay Minerals 44, no. 3 (September 2009): 293–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/claymin.2009.044.3.293.
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AbstractA series of Cu-substituted goethites, single and co-substituted with Cr, Zn, Cd and/or Pb was prepared, having molar ratios equal to 2.00, 3.33 and 5.00 mol%. All the samples contained only goethite, except Cu-, (Cu,Zn)- and (Cu,Pb)-samples synthesized at 5.00 mol% where hematite was also formed. The presence of Cr/Cd suppressed the hematite-forming effects of Cu. The general sequence of metal entry into the single-metal-substituted goethites was Zn = Cr > Cd > Cu > Pb and in di- (5.00 mol%) and tri- (3.33 mol%) metal-substituted goethites was Cu > Zn > Cd > Cr >> Pb. Cu incorporation increased all the unit-cell parameters in single-metal-substituted goethite, and these parameters increased in combination with other metals as follows: Cd > Zn > Cr > Pb in the multimetal-substituted goethites. The Cu-substituted goethite dissolved faster than pure goethite. Co substitutions of Cr/Pb reduced the dissolution rate (kFe), while substitutions of Cd/Zn increased kFe.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pb - Zn - Cd"
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Freitas, Josias Coriolano de. "Avaliação da Alocasia macrorhiza como Fitorremediadora dos metais Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2009. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/3108.
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Previous issue date: 2009-07-01Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas
For more then three centuries plants has been used for decontaminating soils and water with quimical products. However, recently this practice is being intensificated, due to low costs and mainly for the facilities that these plants may be used in situ. The phytoremediation technique reached worldwide importance due to the technology which extract and/or immobilize organic and inorganic contaminates. The main objective of this Thesis is to study for the first time the absorption capacity of heavy metals such as Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, Zn and Cu by specie Alocasia macrorhiza arranged in the ciliate diversity rain forest located in the Amazon region and in the Industrial District, which the contamination is considered to be high and test concentrations of 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 mmol Kg-1 of EDTA on bioavailability of these metals on soils. In this study, were collected plants in six different places in Manaus, capital city of the State of Amazonas-Brazil and after these plants have been collected, they were separated in root, stalk and leaf. The heavy metals concentrations were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. For the statistical analysis were used the non-parametric for Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. The test demonstrated that all metals were absorpt the same way independently the region were the plant was collected. Pb presented the highest concentration absorbed by the plant following Cr > Cd> Cu> Ni> Zn metals. Are findings also revealed that the absorption metals sequence levels repeated in other parts of the plant. Cr was the only metal that not presented significant variation in parts of the plant, neither in the collected area. EDTA concentrations that had better assimilation of Pb extracted by the in situ plant were between 3 and 15 g Kg-1.
O uso de plantas para descontaminação do solo e água contaminadas por produtos químicos é utilizado há mais de três séculos. A fitorremediação alcançou importância mundial por ser uma tecnologia que extrai e/ou imobiliza contaminantes de origem orgânica e inorgânica. Neste sentido, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar pela primeira vez a capacidade de absorção do metais Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, Zn e Cu pela Alocasia macrorhiza que compõe a flora de algumas matas ciliares da cidade de Manaus, cujo nível de contaminação são elevados e avaliar as concentrações 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 mmol kg−1 de EDTA na biodisponibilidade desses metais nos solos estudados. Para esse estudo as plantas coletadas foram divididas em raiz, caule e folha para extração dos metais. As concentrações dos metais pesados foram determinados pela espectrometria de absorção atômica de chama, e os resultados analisados pelo teste não-paramétrico por Kruskal-Wallis e Mann-Whitney e análise do componente principal 1 e 2. Os testes mostraram que todos os metais foram absorvidos da mesma forma independentemente do local. O Pb foi o metal que apresentou maior concentração na planta seguindo por Cr > Cd > Cu> Ni > Zn, seqüência que se repete nas outras partes da planta. O Cr foi o único metal que não apresentou variação significativa nas partes da planta e nem nos locais de coletas. As concentrações de EDTA mostram a mesma distribuição de Pb e Cr em in situcomparando com a raiz da planta.
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SILVA, Cassio Roberto da. "Geologia do depósito de Zn, Pb, Ag e Cd João Néri-Município de Guapiara, SP." reponame:Repositório Institucional da CPRM, 1995. http://rigeo.cprm.gov.br/jspui/handle/doc/13690.
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SILVA, William Ramos da. "Fitoextração e Bioacessibilidade de As, Cd, Pb E Zn em solos contaminados por resíduos metalúrgicos." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2016. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5363.
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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
The generation of residues through mining is a potential risk of contamination of soil, water, plants and animals. For decades, the municipality of Santo Amaro da Purificação - BA has suffered the impacts caused by improper and inadequate release of thousands of tons of siderurgy slag contaminated mainly by Cd and Pb, and exposure of these contaminants to the population through the distribution of this material to landfills in squares, streets and homes. The city is now known for presenting the greatest human contamination by Pb in the world. In order to understand the impacts of residues in soil and the risk of human contamination from contaminated soil, this study investigated the phytoextraction by maize and castor as a technique for remediation of these soils and to evaluate the risk of human contamination by heavy metals added to the soil by waste. For this, an experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with the use of the two plant species and soil application of inducing agents Phytoextraction (NTA and citric acid). After the cultivation, they evaluated the levels of As, Cd, Pb and Zn in soil and plant to evaluate the potential remediation technique. Fractionation of metals in the soil and bioaccessibility tests to assess the risk of contamination were also performed. The application of chelating agents citric acid and NTA and increased absorption of heavy metals by maize and castor. Despite the removal of metals by application of citric acid is smaller, this is more suitable due to its higher degradability and assist in inhibiting the phytotoxicity of the metals. Corn showed better phytoextraction ability to As, Cd, Pb and Zn in the study. The castor, despite having high concentrations of metals translocated, presented accumulation in roots, can be used as phytoextabiletion plant and generating economic benefits for the production of non-edible vegetable oil. The presence of metal contaminants from the ground indiscriminately in the area of the former COBRAC presents a high risk of contamination of humans through exposure of metals.
A geração de resíduos através da mineração representa um risco potencial de contaminação do solo, recursos hídricos, plantas e animais. Durante décadas, o município de Santo Amaro da Purificação – BA tem sofrido os impactos causados pela liberação indevida e inadequada de milhares de toneladas de escória de siderurgia, contaminada principalmente por Cd e Pb, e pela exposição destes contaminantes à população através da distribuição desse material para aterros em praças, ruas e residências. A cidade hoje é conhecida por apresentar a maior contaminação humana por Pb no mundo. Com a intenção de entender os impactos causados pelos resíduos nos solos, bem como os riscos de contaminação humana por solo contaminado, o presente trabalho objetivou estudar a fitoextração por milho e mamona como uma técnica para remediação desses solos e avaliar o risco de contaminação humana pelos metais pesados adicionados ao solo pelos resíduos. Para isto, foi realizado um experimento em casa de vegetação com a utilização das duas espécies vegetais e aplicação ao solo de agentes indutores da fitoextração (ácido cítrico e NTA). Após o período de cultivo, foram avaliados os teores de As, Cd, Pb e Zn no solo e na planta para avaliar o potencial da técnica de remediação. Fracionamento dos metais no solo e testes de bioacessibilidade para avaliar o risco de contaminação foram também efetuados. A aplicação dos agentes quelantes ácido cítrico e NTA aumentou a absorção de metais pesados por milho e mamona. Apesar da remoção dos metais com aplicação de ácido cítrico ser menor, este é mais indicado por apresentar maior degradabilidade e auxiliar na inibição da fitotoxicidade dos metais. O milho apresentou melhor capacidade fitoextratora para As, Cd, Pb e Zn no solo em estudo. A mamona, apesar de não ter translocado concentrações altas dos metais, apresentou acúmulo nas raízes, podendo ser utilizada como planta fitoestabilizadora e geradora de benefícios econômicos pela produção de óleo vegetal não comestível. A presença de metais contaminantes do solo de forma indiscriminada na área da antiga COBRAC apresenta risco elevado de contaminação dos seres humanos através da exposição dos metais.
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Della, Puppa Loïc. "Stabilisation of Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn using a novel manganese oxide in contaminated soil." Limoges, 2014. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/e081bc9f-0d01-44c2-8acd-4d8432e97d5b/blobholder:0/2014LIMO4008.pdf.
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Un nouvel oxyde de manganèse a été synthétisé et caractérisé dans le but de réduire la disponibilité et la mobilité des éléments métalliques dans les sols contaminés. Cet oxyde de manganèse amorphe (AMO pour amorphous manganèse oxide) n'est pas totalement stable dans l'eau et le sol, ce qui a pour conséquence une libération de Mn au début de chaque expérience. Il présente néanmoins des bonnes capacités d'adsorption. Sa présence dans un sol semble augmenter la respiration de la biomasse, montrant sa non-toxicité. Les expériences en batchs et colonnes ont montré que l'AMO réduit la mobilité de Cu, Cd et Pb à partir de 0,1 % (ratio masse d'AMO/masse du sol). De plus, il augmente la capacité d'adsorption et le pH du sol utilisé, en fonction du ratio. L'AMO influence significativement plus une nouvelle pollution qu'une ancienne. Une augmentation de l'immobilisation des éléments métalliques et une altération des propriétés de l'AMO a également été observé dans le temps, soulignant l'importance de l'effet du vieillissement. Il a été observé une diminution du Mn libéré par l'AMO dans le temps, lequel devient non-disponible dans le temps due à la précipitation de rhodochrosite (MnCO3) à la surface de l'AMOA novel manganese oxide was synthesised and characterized in order to be used as chemical stabilizing agent to reduce metal elements mobility and availability in contaminated soils. This amorphous manganese oxide (AMO) is not absolutely stable in soil and water, resulting in Mn released in the beginning of each experiments, but presents high sorption properties. Its presence in soil seems to promote biomass respiration, showing its non toxicity. Both column and batch experiments show that AMO becomes effective to reduce Cu, Cd and Pb mobility from 0. 1% w/w ratio. Moreover, AMO increased soil sorption capacity and increased the pH of the studied contaminated soil sample, depending on the ratio. This AMO impacted more significantly new pollution than former pollution. An increased of the metallic elements immobilisation and changes in AMO properties were observed over time, highlighting the importance of ageing effect. This is coupled with a decrease of Mn released, which became unavailable over time due to the precipitation of rhodochrosite at the AMO surface
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Muschitz, Aurélie. "Réponses physiologiques des végétaux supérieurs aux stress métalliques. Caractérisation du rôle des parois cellulaires dans les statégies défensives des cellules de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.) face aux éléments traces métalliques )." Thesis, Artois, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ARTO0408/document.
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Le travail présenté dans ce mémoire est une contribution à l’étude prospective des effetsprovoqués par des éléments traces métalliques (Zn, Cd et Pb) sur des suspensions cellulaires detomate (Solanum lycopersicum, L.). L’objectif principal de l’investigation est de démontrerl’implication de la paroi dans la réaction de défense des cellules contre le stress métallique à l’instarde celles qu’elles sont capables de développer contre les agressions biotiques.Le premier chapitre a consisté à caractériser des paramètres quantitatifs (croissance, hydratation) etqualitatifs (viabilité, réactivité enzymatique) pour mettre en évidence les effets généralement nocifscausés par l’introduction des éléments traces métalliques (ETM) dans les milieux de culture aumoment de la phase exponentielle de croissance. Outre la diminution de la croissance (arrêt et mortcellulaire), l’état physiologique des cellules, apprécié par leur perte de turgescence, témoigne de lacapacité de tolérance des cellules de tomate vis-à-vis du Zn, par rapport aux deux autres ETM.Le second chapitre a permis de montrer que les cellules de tomate se sont défendues contreles agressions métalliques en augmentant leur biomasse pariétale, notamment en présence de zinc.En outre, la paroi apparaît dans tous les cas comme le principal compartiment de séquestration desETM en excès. La comparaison entre les trois espèces métalliques montre que les parois des cellulesde tomate retiennent mieux le cadmium que le zinc et le plomb.Le troisième chapitre, consacré à l’étude de la composition osidique des parois dans unchamp expérimental réduit aux plus faibles doses de zinc, a fourni des données inédites,notamment à propos des pectines extraites ou non par les procédés employés (CDTA, EPGase). Lesrésultats (quantités et caractéristiques des extraits pectiques) ont été discutés en fonction destraitements subis par les cellules mais également avec le souci de trouver des explications à larétention du zinc dans la paroi et un schéma de structure hypothétique de la paroi a été proposé.En définitive, ce travail répond à la question posée initialement et apparaît comme unepréparation à caractère académique d’un projet environnemental d’utilisation des végétaux pour laphytoremédiationThe aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of heavy metals (Zn, Cd, Pb) on tomato(Solanum lycopersicum, L.) suspension-cultured cells. The main objective was to demonstrate thattomato cells subjected to metal stress react by modifying their cell walls as they can do in responseof a pathogen attack.In the first chapter, cell parameters were characterized with both quantitative(growth, water content) and qualitative (viability, enzymatic activities) aspects to highlightdeleterious effects of heavy metal (HM) when added in the culture medium during exponential cellgrowth. In addition to growth reducing (growth break, turgor pressure loss and cell death), tomatocells have showed higher tolerance capacity to Zn compared to Cd and Pb.The second chapter demonstrated that tomato cells were able to protect themselvesagainst HM stress by increasing their cell wall biomass and also the HM amount retained by cellwall polymers. Cell walls appeared to assume important roles in HM accumulation (Cd>Zn>Pb)and could therefore limit their influx into the cells. Our results also suggested that HM fixation bycell walls was not only due to an increase in cell wall biomass but also to an improvement of itsbinding capacity.The last chapter, devoted to study the osidic composition of tomato primary cell walls forthe lowest Zn doses, has provided original data particularly about pectins. Results have beendiscussed in order to understand the binding capacity of cell walls in function of Zn treatments.Then, an hypothetical structure of tomato cell wall of cultured cells has been proposed.Finally, this work has answered to the initial question and has constituted a preparativestudy for next phytoremediation projects
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Silva, Cassio Roberto da. "Geologia do depósito de \'ZN\', \'PB\', \'AG\' e \'CD\' em João Neri - município de Guapiara - SP." Universidade de São Paulo, 1995. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/44/44133/tde-27082015-163443/.
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O depósito João Neri localiza-se no sul do estado de São Paulo, no Município de Guapiara. Encontra-se numa sequência de rochas metavulcano-sedimentares de direção nordeste denominada de Formação Água Clara do Grupo Setuva, a qual está inserida no domínio geotectônico da Faixa de Dobramento Apiaí. A deposição dos sedimentos e o episódio vulcânico associado ocorrera, provavelmente, entre 1,8 e 1,5 b.a.. As rochas foram afetadas por metamorfismo entre 1,3 a 1,o b.a., com superimposição de um evento metamórfico próximo a 700 m.a., no Proterozóico Superior. As rochas da Formação Água Clara sofreram três processos deformacionais, revelados pelas superfícies \'S IND. 1\" de direção NE, paralela ao acamamento \'S IND.0\' IND i\' \'S IND. 2\" de direção NE, porém com mergulho mais acentuado e \'S IND. 3\' de direção NW, que impôs ondulações nos rumos de mergulhos dos eixos de dobras NE, dando à região um padrão estrutural do tipo \"domos e bacias\". Aassembléia mineral constituída, predominantemente, por margarita, flogopita, granada, diopsídio, tremolita e plagioclásio é indicativa de metamorfismo da fácies xisto verde superior possivelmente atingindo a fácies a anfibolito inferior (Yardley, 1989). A formação Água Clara ocorre de forma alongada na direção NE, provavelmente condicionada por grandes lineamentos. É constituída, predominantemente, por metacalcários impuros com estratificação cruzada. Essas características expressam que o ambiente deposicional foi de plataforma, posteriormente afetado por um regime tectônico distensivo. As mineralizações de Zn, Pb, Ag e Cd do depósito João Néri estão associadas a metachert carbonático que, por sua vez, está encaixado concordantemente, com metacalcários silicosoa. Os principais controles identificados são de natureza: estratigráfica (Formação Água Clara); litológica (metachert) e mineralógica (barita). A assembleia mineral do depósito é constituída por: pirrotita, pirita1, blenda1, galena, calcopirita, arsenopirita, pirita2 e blenda2. A ganga é representada principalmente por quartzo, calcita e dolomita, e subordinadamente margarita e plagioclásio. Os estudos isotópicos de Pb do depósito João Néri apontaram idade de formação das mineralizações ao redor de 1600 m.a., a qual deve também expressar a idade de deposição dos metamorfitos da Formação Água Clara. Dentre os tipos conhecidos na literatura o depósito João Neri aproxima-se mais das jazidas estratiformes de origem vinculada a processos vulcano-exalativo sin-sedimentares. O ambiente tectôno-estratigráfico, a forma de ocorrência, a associação litológica, a paragênese mineral da mineralização assim como os dados isotópicos de Pb, levam-nos a correlacionar este depósito com aqueles do \"tipo Perau\", já qualificados como sendo francamente do tipo exalativo-sedimentar.The João Néri deposit is located in the southern part of São Paulo state near Guapiara town. The ore body lies on a segment of a NE trending metavolcanic rock sequence which is part of the Água Clara Formation-Setuva Group, all included in the geotectonic domain of the Apiai Fold Belt, considered as of lower Proterozoic age. The rocks of the Água Clara Formation exhibit typical features of a plataformal depositional environment which has been affected by extensional deformation. Later they underwent three deformational events, as represented by penetrative structures which are the following: \'S IND. 1\' = \'S IND. 0\' : compositional banding foliation; \'S IND. 2\' : NE trending and oblique to \'S IND. 1\' = \'\'S IND. 0\' \'IND. i\'; \'S IND. 3\': NW trending and imposing ondulation on the NE fold axis. Alltogether these structures give a dome and basin structural interference pattern to this region, at a regional and local scale. There is convincing mineral paragenetic evidence of a medium grade metamorphism which affected the Água Clara Formation. The Zn, Pb, Ag and Cd mineralization observed in the João Néri deposit is directly linked to a carbonatic metachert bed which, in turn, is bounded by a concordant siliceous metalimestone. The most common controls of the mineralization are: stratigraphic (Água Clara Formation), lithological (metachert) and mineralogical (barite). The Pb isotopic analyses on galenas of the João Néri deposit yelded an age of 1600 m.a. which was interpreted as the age of the Zn, Pb, Ag, Cd mineralization. This age might express, as well, the sedimentation of the Água Clara Formation. All the geological and geochemical evidences lead to the conclusion that we are dealing with a deposit of stratiforme nature. The Zn, Pb, Ag, Cd mineralization might be linked to a hydrothermal volcano-exhalative synsedimentary activitiy, which is promptly supported by the morphology, rock and mineral assemblages as well as by Pb and Sr isotope data.
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Iha, Danilo Sinhei. "Bioacumulações de Cd, Ni, Pb e Zn durante os crescimentos de Salvinia minima e Lemna valdiviana." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/1822.
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Previous issue date: 2014-07-31Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos
Metals are dispersed easily in environments and are bioconcentrated in tissues of many organisms causing risks to the health and stability of aquatic ecosystems even at low concentrations. The use of plants in phytoremediation has been evaluated in order to mitigate environmental contamination since it has large capacity to adsorb and/or accumulate metals. This study evaluated the growth and phytoremediation of Salvinia minima and Lemna valdiviana grown in different concentrations of Cd, Pb, Ni and Zn. The growths were determined through measurements of leaf area by photographic images. The cultures were performed in a continuous flow (residence time = 2 days), under controlled temperature (23 ºC) and photoperiod (12/12h; radiation intensity: 4.31x10- 3 μmol sec-1 cm-2). The selected concentrations were 0.003 0.030 0.300 and 0.600 mg L-1 Cd; 0.020 0.200 and 0.400 mg L-1 Ni; 0.01 0.10 and 1.00 mg L-1 Pb and 0.10 1.00 10.0 100.0 and 1,000.0 mg L-1 Zn. The metals selection derived from the difficulty of its removal by conventional methods, and the selection of concentrations was based on values toxic to humans and on the maximum values allowed by Brazilian legislation for effluent discharge. None S. minima growth in concentrations of 0.300 mg L-1 Cd and 10.0 mg L-1 Zn were observed. L. valdiviana showed no growth when cultured at concentrations of 0.600 mg L-1 Cd; 0.10 and 1.00 mg L-1 Pb; and greater than 100.0 mg L-1 Zn. Individuals of S. minima bioaccumulated maximum 0.803 mg g-1 Cd; 0.677 mg g-1 Ni; 1.786 mg g-1 Pb and 10.464 mg g-1 Zn. L. valdiviana bioaccumulated maximum 1.15 mg g-1 de Cd; 0.045 mg g-1 de Ni e 62.465 mg g-1 de Zn. The metals content in plant tissues increased and the growth coefficients decreased when progressively increased the Cd, Pb and Ni concentrations. We conclude that, depending on the concentration, the two species of macrophytes can be used to phytoremediate effluents with metals and S. minima is more efficient on Ni, Pb and Zn removal and L. valdiviana on Cd removal. The Cd and Ni concentrations allowed by Brazilian law were toxic for both species and the allowed Pb concentration were toxic for Lemna valdiviana.
Os metais são dispersos com facilidade nos ambientes e podem ser bioconcentrados nos tecidos de diversos organismos causando riscos à saúde e à estabilidade do ecossistema aquático, mesmo em baixas concentrações. Diversos trabalhos têm avaliado o uso de plantas para fitorremediar contaminações ambientais causadas por metais, uma vez que elas têm elevada capacidade de adsorver e acumular esses elementos. Neste trabalho foram avaliados o crescimento e a fitorremediação de Salvinia minima e de Lemna valdiviana cultivadas em diferentes concentrações de Cd, Pb, Ni e Zn. Os crescimentos foram determinados através das medidas das áreas foliares por imagens fotográficas. Os cultivos foram realizados em sistema de fluxo contínuo (tempo de residência = 2 dias), em condições controladas de temperatura (23ºC) e fotoperíodo (12/12h; intensidade de radiação: 4,31x10-3 μmol seg-1 cm-2). As concentrações selecionadas foram 0,003 0,030 0,300 e 0,600 mg L-1 de Cd; 0,020 0,200 e 0,400 mg L-1 de Ni; 0,01 0,10 e 1,00 mg L-1 de Pb e 0,10 1,00 10,0 100,0 e 1.000,0 mg L-1 de Zn. A seleção dos metais baseou-se na dificuldade de remoção utilizando métodos convencionais e a seleção das concentrações baseou-se nos valores que são tóxicos para seres humanos e nos valores máximos permitidos pela legislação brasileira (BRASIL, 2011) para o lançamento de efluentes. Não foram observados crescimentos de S. minima em concentrações de 0,300 mg L-1 de Cd e 10,0 mg L-1 de Zn. L. valdiviana não apresentou crescimentos quando cultivadas em concentrações de 0,600 mg L-1 de Cd; 0,10 e 1,00 mg L-1 de Pb e em concentrações maiores que 100,0 mg L-1 de Zn. Os indivíduos de S. minima bioacumularam no máximo 0,803 mg g-1 de Cd; 0,677 mg g-1 de Ni; 1,786 mg g-1 de Pb e 10,464 mg g-1 de Zn. L. valdiviana bioacumulou no máximo 1,15 mg g-1 de Cd; 0,045 mg g-1 de Ni e 62,465 mg g-1 de Zn. Os teores de metais nos tecidos das plantas aumentaram e os coeficientes de crescimento diminuíram quando cultivadas em concentrações progressivamente aumentadas de Cd, Pb e Ni. Conclui-se que, dependendo da concentração, as duas espécies de macrófitas podem ser utilizadas para fitorremediar efluentes com metais e que S. minima é mais eficiente na remoção de Ni, Pb e Zn e L. valdiviana na remoção de Cd. As concentrações de Cd e Ni permitidas pela legislação brasileira para o lançamento de efluentes são tóxicas para as duas espécies de macrófitas e a concentração permitida de Pb é tóxica para Lemna valdiviana.
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SILVA, José Vanderley do Nascimento. "Remoção de metais pesados (Cd, Pb, Zn) utilizando como adsorventes argilas nacionais: Chocobofe e Chocolate B." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2015. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/294.
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Capes
O aumento da produção industrial tem proporcionado à geração de efluentes aquosos contaminados com íons de metais pesados. Esses devem ser tratados antes de serem descartados no meio ambiente. Por este motivo é muito importante à utilização de processos para reduzir ou eliminar metais pesados presentes em efluentes industriais. Dentre os vários processos existentes, a adsorção apresenta grande eficiência na remoção de metais presentes em baixas concentrações. As argilas têm apresentado ótimos resultados em processos de adsorção de metais pesados, o que motiva a busca por argilas que possuam maior afinidade com cada tipo de metal. Neste trabalho as argilas naturais esmectiticas Chocobofe e Chocolate B proveniente do estado da Paraíba foram investigadas com o objetivo de avaliar sua afinidade e capacidade para remoção de cádmio, chumbo e zinco. Realizou-se, inicialmente, a caracterização das argilas pelas técnicas: Difração de Raios X; Análises químicas; Análises térmicas (diferencial e gravimétrica); Espectroscopia na região do infravermelho; Adsorção Física de Nitrogênio; Microscopia eletrônica de varredura e capacidade de troca de cátions. Depois de caracterizadas, as argilas foram avaliadas quanto a sua capacidade de remoção (qeq) e seu percentual de remoção (%Rem) para os metais (Cádmio, Chumbo e Zinco), presentes em efluente sintético, através de sistema de banho finito. De forma a se obter uma maior eficiência na remoção dos metais, foi realizado um planejamento fatorial 22 avaliando duas variáveis de entrada: concentração inicial de metais pesados (10, 30 e 50 ppm) e pH (3, 4 e 5), para determinar as melhores condições de trabalho, no qual se verificou que o pH= 5 e concentração inicial de 50 mg/g foram as condições que apresentaram melhores resultados alcançando Valores de 88,54-99,44% de percentagem de remoção e 3,36-4,43 mg/g de capacidade de remoção. A partir desses dados foram desenvolvidos estudos cinéticos e isotermas de equilíbrio que serviram de dados para avaliar a capacidade de adsorção das argilas com ajustes feitos através dos modelos de Langmuir, Freundlich e Redlich-Peterson. Os resultados dos testes cinéticos indicaram que o processo de remoção dos íons Cd2+, Pb2+ e Zn2+ pelas argilas se aplicam ao mecanismo do modelo de velocidade de pseudo-segunda ordem, sendo necessário um tempo de 10 minutos para alcançar o equilíbrio. Os modelos matemáticos adotados para a modelagem dos dados experimentais descreveram adequadamente a dinâmica da adsorção, produzindo isotermas teóricas com comportamento bastante próximos daqueles encontrados com as isotermas experimentais e que dos modelos utilizados, verifica-se que os modelos de Langmuir e Redlich-Peterson apresentaram melhor ajuste aos dados experimentais. A capacidade máxima de adsorção obtida pelas argilas Chocobofe e Chocolate B foram: 18,35 -21,88 mg. g-1 para o Pb2+; 10,0-11,20 mg. g-1 para o Cd2; 8,64-8,69 mg.g-1 para o Zn2, indicando uma seletividade das argilas em relação aos metais em estudo uma sequência de afinidade: Pb2+ > Cd2 > Zn2. Assim, os resultados experimentais indicaram que as argilas bentonitas podem ser utilizadas como adsorventes para a eliminação dos metais Cádmio, Chumbo e Zinco de aguas e efluentes contaminados por meio do mecanismo de adsorção.
The increase in industrial production has provided the generation of wastewater contaminated with heavy metal ions. These must be treated before disposal into the environment. For this reason it is very important to the use of processes to reduce or eliminate heavy metals from industrial effluents. Among the many existing processes, adsorption has great efficiency in the removal of metals present in low concentrations. Clays have shown excellent results in heavy metal adsorption processes, which motivates the search for clays having higher affinity with each type of metal. In this work the smectite clays natural Chocobofe and Chocolate B from the state of Paraíba were investigated in order to evaluate their affinity and capacity for the removal of cadmium, lead and zinc. Held, initially, the characterization of clays by techniques: X-ray diffraction; Chemical analysis; Thermal analysis (differential and gravimetric); Spectroscopy in the infrared region; Adsorption Nitrogen Physics; Scanning electron microscopy and capacity of cation exchange. After characterized the clays were evaluated for removal capacity (q and q) and its removal percentage (% Rem) to metals (cadmium, lead and zinc) present in synthetic wastewater through finite bath system. In order to achieve greater efficiency in the removal of metals a 22 factorial experimental design was conducted to evaluate two input variables: initial concentration of heavy metals (10, 30 and 50 ppm) and pH (3, 4 and 5) to determine the best working conditions, which revealed that the pH = 5 and initial concentration of 50 mg/g were the conditions that showed better results from 88.54 to 99.44% reaching values of percentage removal and 3,36- 4.43 mg/g of removability. From these data were developed kinetic and equilibrium isotherms that served data to evaluate the adsorption capacity of clays with adjustments made through the Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich-Peterson. The results of the kinetic tests indicated that the removal of Cd2+ ions, Pb2+ and Zn2+ the clay are applied to the mechanism of the pseudo-second-order rate model, a time of 10 minutes is required to reach equilibrium. The mathematical models used to model the experimental data adequately describe the dynamics of adsorption, producing theoretical isotherms quite close to those found behavior with experimental isotherms and that of the models used, it appears that the Langmuir and Redlich-Peterson showed better fit to the experimental data. The maximum adsorption capacity obtained by clays Chocobofe and Chocolate B were 18.35 -21.88 mg. g-1 for Pb2+; 10.0 to 11.20 mg. g-1 for Cd2+; 8.64 to 8.69 mg.g-1 for Zn2+, indicating a selectivity of clays in relation to studying a metal affinity sequence: Pb2+> Cd2+> Zn2+. Thus, the experimental results indicate that the bentonite clays can be used as adsorbents for the removal of metals cadmium, lead and zinc contaminated water and effluent by adsorption mechanism.
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Deng, Hong. "Metal (Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, Fe) uptake, tolerance and radial oxygen loss in typical wetland plants." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2005. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/629.
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Fevrier, Laureline Moszkowicz Pierre. "Transfert d'un mélange Zn-Cd-Pb dans un dépôt fluvio-glaciaire carbonate approche en colonnes de laboratoire /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://csidoc.insa-lyon.fr/these/2001/fevrier/index.html.
Full textBooks on the topic "Pb - Zn - Cd"
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Tymińska-Zawora, Krystyna. Wykorzystanie bioindykatorów roślinnych w opracowaniu zasad rolniczej rekultywacji gleb zanieczyszczonych metalami ciężkimi (Zn, Pb, Cd). Kraków: AGH, 1995.
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Pohl, Christa. Wechselbeziehungen zwischen Spurenmetallkonzentrationen (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn) im Meerwasser und in Zooplanktonorganismen (Copepoda) der Arktis und des Atlantiks =: Correlations between trace metal concentrations (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn) in seawater and zooplankton organisms (Copepoda) of the Arctic and Atlantic Ocean. Bremerhaven: Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 1992.
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Ciepał, Ryszard. Przenikanie S, Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu i Fe do biomasy oraz gleby ekosystemu leśnego (na przykładzie wschodniej części województwa katowickiego): Znaczenie bioindykacyjne. Katowice: Uniwersytet Śląski, 1992.
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Chiffoleau, Jean-François. Dosage de certains métaux traces: (Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Zn) dissous dans l'eau de mer par absorption atomique après extraction liquide-liquide. Plouzané, France: Ifremer, 2002.
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ed, Schuller P., O'Neill I. K. ed, Fishbein L. 1923 ed, United Nations Environment Programme, and International Agency for Research on Cancer., eds. Some metals: As, Be, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, Se, Zn. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1986.
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Geieping, B. Certification of the Contents (Mass Fractions of CD, Hg, Pb, Se, and Zn in Human Hair). Unipub, 1991.
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Quevauviller, Ph. The Certification of the Contents of Cd, Cu, Pb, Mo, Ni and Zn in Sea - CRM 403. European Communities / Union (EUR-OP/OOPEC/OPOCE), 1992.
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Anne, Grouhel, Thébaud Marie-Jo, Chiffoleau Jean-François, and Institut français de recherche pour l'exploitation de la mer., eds. Dosage de certains métaux traces: (Ag, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, V, Zn) dans les organismes marins par absorption atomique. France: Ifremer, 2003.
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Vandendriessche, S., B. Griepink, and K. Strijckmans. The Certification of Impurities (Ag, As, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, Te and Zn) in Copper: CRM 074. European Communities / Union (EUR-OP/OOPEC/OPOCE), 1992.
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Griepink, B., H. Muntau, and P. J. Wagstaffe. The Certification of the Contents Mass Fractions of Cd, Pb, Se, Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn in Wholemeal Flour and Lyophilized Brown Bread Reference Materials. European Communities, 1987.
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Cardwell, Rick D., David K. DeForest, Kevin V. Brix, and William J. Adams. "Do Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn Biomagnify in Aquatic Ecosystems?" In Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Volume 226, 101–22. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6898-1_4.
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Di Leo, Antonella, Santina Giandomenico, Lucia Spada, Nicola Cardellicchio, Francesco Paolo Buonocunto, Eliana Esposito, Luciana Ferraro, Laura Giordano, Alfonsa Milia, and Crescenzo Violante. "The offshore environmental impact by Sarno river in Naples bay (South-West Italy)." In Proceedings e report, 392–401. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-147-1.39.
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The goal of this work has been to establish the influence of the Sarno river on the present sedimentation in the Naples bay continental shelf by evaluating organic matter contribution and pollution. Sediments samples were collected, by van Veen grab, in 71 stations located offshore the Sarno river between Vesuvian and Sorrento Peninsula coasts. The characteristics of the surface sediments were analysed to highlight spatial trends in the (i) granulometry (grain-size); (ii) total nitrogen, organic carbon and total phosphorus; (iii) metal content (Hg, Cd, Pb, As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, Fe and Mn).
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Leonhardt, Nathalie, Pierre Cun, Pierre Richaud, and Alain Vavasseur. "Zn/Cd/Co/Pb P1b-ATPases in Plants, Physiological Roles and Biological Interest." In Metal Toxicity in Plants: Perception, Signaling and Remediation, 227–48. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22081-4_11.
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Szymura, Irena. "Studies on Total Sorption of Cd, Pb, Zn and Cu by Some Polish Soils." In Contaminated Soil ’90, 381–82. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3270-1_81.
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Greinert, A. "Clays as Substances Limiting Phytotoxic Influence of Pb, Zn and Cd in Sandy Soils." In Contaminated Soil ’95, 1223–25. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0421-0_85.
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Szymura, Irena. "Untersuchungen zur Totalsorption von Cd, Pb, Zn und Cu an Einigen Böden in Polen." In Altlastensanierung ’90, 445–47. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3806-0_80.
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Filipinski, M., and M. Grupe. "Solubility of Cd, Pb and Zn in Soils Containing High Geogeneous and Additional Anthropogeneous Charges." In Contaminated Soil ’90, 385–86. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3270-1_83.
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Walinga, I., J. J. Van Der Lee, V. J. G. Houba, W. Van Vark, and I. Novozamsky. "Digestion with HNO3-HClO4-H2SO4 and determination of Al, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Zn." In Plant Analysis Manual, 77–117. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0203-2_4.
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Filipinski, M., and M. Grupe. "Lösbarkeit von Cd, Pb und Zn in Böden mit Hoher Geogener und Zusätzlich Anthropogener Belastung." In Altlastensanierung ’90, 453–55. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3806-0_82.
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Lima, Jacqueline Zanin, Isabela Monici Raimondi, and Valéria Guimarães Silvestre Rodrigues. "Preliminary Study of the Adsorption Capacity of Pb, Zn and Cd Through Zeolite and Organic Compost." In IAEG/AEG Annual Meeting Proceedings, San Francisco, California, 2018 - Volume 3, 27–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93130-2_4.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Pb - Zn - Cd"
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Kuganathan, Sivashanthini, Dhanushka Dilini Jayaweera Shivatharshini Yohi, and Kuttithamby Gunaalan. "Quantitative Analysis Of Trace Metal In Water And Soft Tissues Of Balanus Amphitrite In Nandikadal Lagoon, Sri Lanka." In 2nd International Conference on Research in Science, Engineering and Technology. Acavent, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/2nd.icrset.2019.11.778.
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Due to long–term military activities carried out in Nandikadal lagoon situated at Mullaitivu, Sri Lanka, there are high possibilities to impact water and biota with heavy metals. Balanus amphitrite (Barnacles) has been found as a strong candidate for biomonitoring of trace metals. Therefore, the present study describes the impacts of trace metal pollution on water and the soft tissues of Balanus amphitrite. Water samples and barnacles were collected from two locations of the lagoon for four months during the dry and wet seasons. Quantitative analysis of trace metals (Cd, Cu, Cr, Pb and Zn) were detected in the water and tissue samples using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Cd, Cr, Pb and Cu found in tissues of barnacles were several times higher than the International recommended level except for Zn. The concentration of Pb in tissues of barnacles showed a significant (p < 0.05) spatial variation. The Cd and Cu concentrations obtained in soft tissues showed significant (p < 0.05) seasonal variations. The concentration of Cr in water showed a significant (p < 0.05) spatial variation and other trace metals (Pb,Cd) except Zn, showed significant (p < 0.05) seasonal variations. There were significant positive correlations between water and soft tissues with respect to Cd (p=0.000 & r = 0.893) and Pb (p=0.002 & r=0.435). Zn found in samples showed negative correlation between water and soft tissues. According to this results Balanus amphitrite has an ability to accumulate trace metals several times greater than in the lagoon water. Therefore, Balanus amphitrite is a strong net–accumulator of Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr. Hence, it is a good choice to be used as a bioindicator organism to find the level impact of trace metal contamination.
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Voglar, Grega E., and Domen Lestan. "Cement Based Solidification / Stabilization of Industrial Contaminated Soil Using Various Cement Additives." In ASME 2010 13th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2010-40301.
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In a laboratory study, 15% (w/w) of ordinary portland cement (OPC), black portland cement (BPC) and puculanic cement (PC) combined with various cement additives were used for solidification/stabilization (S/S) of Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni and As contaminated soils from the former industrial site. Soil formed solid monoliths with all cements and cement additives. S/S effectiveness was assessed by measuring the mechanical strength of the monoliths, concentrations of metals in deionised water and TCLP (Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure) soil extracts, and mass transfer of metals. Concentrations of Cd, Pb, Zn and Ni in water extracts from S/S soils generally decreased, while concentrations of As and Cu increased. Concentrations of Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu and Ni in the TCLP extracts from S/S mixes were lower than from original soil, while the extractability of As from S/S mixes increased. Overall, the concentration of metals in TCLP solution, obtained after extraction of the S/S mixes, was below the regulatory limits. S/S greatly reduced the mass transfer of Cd (up to 21.5-times), Pb (up to 114-times) and Zn (up to 999-times). Mass transfer of Ni was generally also reduced, while that of Cu and As increased in some S/S mixes. In general, monoliths made with OPC present higher cumulative mass of PTMs leached than those with BPC and PC.
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Huang, Yaji, Baosheng Jin, Zhaoping Zhong, Rui Xiao, and Hongcang Zhou. "Effects of Solid Additives on the Control of Trace Elements During Coal Gasification." In 18th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2005-78030.
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Based on the Modified Geo-chemical Enrichment Factor (MGEF), the contents of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Hg, Pb, V, Se, Sr, Zn in coal and coal char were analyzed by using Hydride Generation-Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry (HG-AFS) and Inductively Couple Plasma-atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Limestone, dolomite and sodium carbonate were studied to control trace elements during coal gasification. Different additives show different performances in the control of trace elements. The adsorbing capacity of coal char to all of trace elements enhances when coal is mixed with limestone and dolomite. Chemical adsorption and physical adsorption of lime, which is decomposition product of limestone under high gasification temperature, are both important for As, Co, Cr, Se and Zn. The effects of limestone on Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, V and Sr are merely caused by physical adsorption of CaO and the adsorbing capacity to Cd, Cu, V is much stronger than those to Hg, Pb, Sr. Dolomite has stronger adsorbing capacity to most of elements (except Cu, Se, Sr) than limestone. Addition of Na2CO3 decreases the MGEFs of As, Cd, Cr, Pb and Se while increases the MGEFs of Zn in coal char. Na2CO3 has little effect on the MGEFs of Co, Cu, Hg, V and Sr in coal char.
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Zevenhoven, Maria, Rainer Backman, Bengt-Johan Skrifvars, and Mikko Hupa. "Appearance of Trace Elements in Co-Firing Fuels." In 18th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2005-78107.
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With the implementation of new EU guidelines the levels of maximum allowable emission levels of Cd, Tl, Hg, Sb, As, Pb, Cr, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, V will be further restricted. This may have implications for co-combustion of coal with waste derived fuels. In this study chemical fractionation, i.e. a stepwise leaching procedure has been applied on coal, peat, sewage sludge, bark, impregnated wood and forest residue. With this method fuels are leached in three steps, i.e. leached with water, ammonium acetate and hydro chloric acid, respectively. Both solubility in different leaching agents of main ash forming matter and the trace elements Cd, Tl, Hg, Sb, As, Pb, Cr, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, V and Zn were studied. In this way more information became available about the characteristics of co-firing fuels. Thermodynamic calculations were used to show the consequences of the interaction with main ash forming elements on the partition of Cd, Hg, Pb and Zn in the gas/ash phase.
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Tarita, Anatolie, and Valeriu Brasoveanu. "Bioacumularea metalelor grele în lemnul speciilor de arbori din ecosistemul forestier „Padurea Hânceşti”." In Impactul antropic asupra calitatii mediului. Institute of Ecology and Geography, Republic of Moldova, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.53380/9789975330800.11.
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The total content of heavy metals (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Zn) in the wood of different species of trees in the forest ecosystem "Forest Hânceşti" was determined. The contents of HM in different wood species (strong/soft) trees were different. Bioaccumulation Factor (BCF) of HM for different tree species differ greatly from species to species and ecosystem. Analyzed wood tree species have been bioaccumulated HM in the following order: Zn>Cu>Ni>Cd>Pb>Cr>Co>As. Mobility Factor (MF), evaluated in order to estimate accumulation of HM in the wood of the trees studied from atmospheric air through the leaf material, with the exception of Pb is >1, indicating polluted air as a major source of impairment of studded forestry species.
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Gutierrez, Melida. "MOBILITY OF ZN, PB, AND CD FROM SEDIMENTS CONTAMINATED WITH MINING WASTES." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-316475.
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Brankovic, Snezana, Radmila Glisic, Duško Brkovic, Gorica Đelic, Zoran Simic, Vera Rajicic, Ranko Saric, and Milun Jovanovic. "SADRŽAJ METALA U ZEMLJIŠTU I ODABRANIM BILJKAMA NA JALOVIŠTU FLOTACIJE RUDNIK DOO „RUDNIK"." In XXVI savetovanje o biotehnologiji sa međunarodnim učešćem. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sbt26.501b.
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The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of some metals (Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn, Ni, Cr, Cd) in the soil and species of Tussilago farfara L. and Clematis vitalba L. on the tailings and flotation of the mine DOO "Rudnik". Concentrations in the soil were: Pb and Cu - higher than the maximum allowed, limit and remediation values; Cd, Cr and Ni - higher than the maximum allowed and limit values, and Zn higher than the limit values (according to the regulations of the Republic of Serbia). Better bioaccumulation of all tested metals was shown by T. farfara species, especially leaves for Zn. The results indicate the possible use of aboveground parts of both plant species in the revitalization of tailings by bioaccumulation of tested metals.
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USEVIČIŪTĖ, Luiza, and Edita BALTRĖNAITĖ. "POTENCIALIAI TOKSIŠKŲ ELEMENTŲ IŠPLOVIMO IŠ PIROLIZĖS BŪDU APDIRBTŲ MEDINIŲ PABĖGIŲ VERTINIMAS." In Conference for Junior Researchers „Science – Future of Lithuania“. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/aainz.2017.021.
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Medienos produktai, paveikti medienos konservantais, kelia visuomenės susirūpinimą dėl galimo toksiško pavojaus tiek ekosistemoms, tiek žmonių sveikatai. Darbo tikslas – įvertinti, ar galima pirolizės būdu tam tikras problemiškai užterštas medienos atliekas – šiuo atveju pabėgius – perdirbti į pirogeninį karbonatingą produktą su mažesne užtaršos aplinkai rizika. Pagaminti du pirogeninio produkto tipai iš pabėgių (PSB450 ir PSB700) bei nustatytos jų fizinės ir cheminės savybės. Pirolizės temperatūros – 450 °C ir 700 °C, trukmė – 2 val. Pabėgių pirogeninio produkto Zn, Cr, Ni, Cu, Cd ir Pb išplovimui įvertinti buvo naudojamas vienakryptės srovės išplovimo testas, kuris yra tinkamas įvertinti įvairių atliekų išplovimo charakteristikas ir galimą teršalų patekimą į aplinką. Nustatyta, kad abu pirogeninio produkto tipai atitiko aukščiausios kokybės bioanglies kriterijus pagal visus šešis elementus, išskyrus PSB700 tipą, kuris pagal Ni atitiko pagrindinės bioanglies kokybės kriterijus. Zn, Cr, Ni, Cu, Cd ir Pb išsiplovę kiekiai iš tirtų pabėgių bioanglies tipų buvo nežymūs. Jų išsiplovę kiekiai, lyginant su pradiniu elementų kiekiu, siekė nuo 0,07 % iki 11,28 %.
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Sauliutė, Gintarė, Milda Stankevičiūtė, Gintaras Svecevičius, Janina Baršienė, and Roberta Valskienė. "Assessment of heavy metals bioconcentration factor (BCF) and genotoxicity response induced by metal mixture in Salmo salar tissues." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.043.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate metals bioconcentration factor (BCF) in gills, liver, kidneys and muscle in relation with genotoxicity effects of metal mixture in peripheral blood, kidneys, gills and liver erythrocytes of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Fish were exposed to maximum-permissible waterborne concentrations of Zn – 0.1, Cu – 0.01, Ni – 0.01, Cr – 0.01, Pb – 0.005 and Cd – 0.005 mg/L, respectively for 7 and 14 days. Genotoxicity was studied using the micronucleus test. In addition, erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities (ENAs) were analysed. Our study indicates that metal BCF in Atlantic salmon is tissue-dependent. Based on the BCF classification scale, the relatively low values of metals bioconcentration were assessed, except for Zn (gills) and Cu (liver) (359.6 and 594.0, respectively). Zn intensively concentrated in fish tissues, while Pb – least of all. Overall, metals were concentrated mostly in the liver, least – in the muscle. Significant differences among BCF values of Pb in gills and muscle and Cd in gills were measured between 7 and 14 d exposure groups. Treatment with metal mixture significantly increased micronucleus frequencies after 7 d of exposure in liver and peripheral blood erythrocytes. Significant genotoxicity response was not observed after 14 d treatment. The erythrocytic nuclei abnormalities determined in S. salar blood were nuclear bud on filament (NBf), nuclear bud (NB), blebbed (BL), kidney shaped, vacuolated (VacNuc), 8-shaped nuclei and fragmented-apoptotic (FA) erythrocytes. Significant elevation in total ENAs level was detected in kidneys and liver erythrocytes after 7 d treatment, while after 14 d – in gills and kidneys erythrocytes. No significant differences among analysed responses were measured between 7 and 14 d exposure groups, except total ENAs level in liver erythrocytes.
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Meghea, Mihai. "KINETIC STUDY OF Zn(II), Cd(II) AND Pb(II) IONS SORPTION ON Na-MONTMORILLONITE." In 17th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2017. Stef92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2017/52/s20.076.
Full textReports on the topic "Pb - Zn - Cd"
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Anderson, Andrew, and Mark Yacucci. Inventory and Statistical Characterization of Inorganic Soil Constituents in Illinois: Appendices. Illinois Center for Transportation, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-007.
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This report presents detailed histograms of data from the Regulated Substances Library (RSL) developed by the Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT). RSL data are provided for state and IDOT region, IDOT district, and county spatial subsets to examine the spatial variability and its relationship to thresholds defining natural background concentrations. The RSL is comprised of surficial soil chemistry data obtained from rights-of-way (ROW) subsurface soil sampling conducted for routine preliminary site investigations. A selection of 22 inorganic soil analytes are examined in this report: Al, Sb, As, Ba, Be, Cd, Ca, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mg, Mn, Hg, Ni, K, Se, Na, Tl, V, and Zn. RSL database summary statistics, mean, median, minimum, maximum, 5th percentile, and 95th percentile, are determined for Illinois counties and for recognized environmental concern, non-recognized environmental concern, and de minimis site contamination classifications.
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Anderson, Andrew, and Mark Yacucci. Inventory and Statistical Characterization of Inorganic Soil Constituents in Illinois. Illinois Center for Transportation, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-006.
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This report presents a statistical analysis of the Regulated Substances Library (RSL) developed by the Illinois Department of Transportation. The RSL is comprised of surficial soil chemistry data obtained from rights-of-way subsurface soil sampling conducted for routine preliminary site investigations. The 3.7-million-record RSL database is compared with four independent studies of inorganic soil constituents of naturally occurring soils in Illinois. A selection of 22 inorganic soil analytes are examined in this study: Al, Sb, As, Ba, Be, Cd, Ca, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mg, Mn, Hg, Ni, K, Se, Na, Tl, V, and Zn. RSL database summary statistics, mean, median, minimum, maximum, 5th percentile, and 95th percentile, are determined for Illinois counties and for recognized environmental concern, non-recognized environmental concern, and de minimis site contamination classifications. The RSL database at a 95% confidence level is compared with current and proposed thresholds for defining naturally occurring soil concentrations for the selected analytes. The revised thresholds proposed by Cahill in 2017 are predominantly larger than the current standards found in the Tiered Approach to Corrective Action Objectives rules and are in better agreement with observed distributions of soil concentrations for both naturally occurring and RSL soils. A notable exception is antimony (Sb), for which Cahill proposed a reduced threshold similar in magnitude to the median for many Illinois Department of Transportation districts.