Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pb - Zn - Cd'
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Freitas, Josias Coriolano de. "Avaliação da Alocasia macrorhiza como Fitorremediadora dos metais Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2009. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/3108.
Full textFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas
For more then three centuries plants has been used for decontaminating soils and water with quimical products. However, recently this practice is being intensificated, due to low costs and mainly for the facilities that these plants may be used in situ. The phytoremediation technique reached worldwide importance due to the technology which extract and/or immobilize organic and inorganic contaminates. The main objective of this Thesis is to study for the first time the absorption capacity of heavy metals such as Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, Zn and Cu by specie Alocasia macrorhiza arranged in the ciliate diversity rain forest located in the Amazon region and in the Industrial District, which the contamination is considered to be high and test concentrations of 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 mmol Kg-1 of EDTA on bioavailability of these metals on soils. In this study, were collected plants in six different places in Manaus, capital city of the State of Amazonas-Brazil and after these plants have been collected, they were separated in root, stalk and leaf. The heavy metals concentrations were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. For the statistical analysis were used the non-parametric for Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. The test demonstrated that all metals were absorpt the same way independently the region were the plant was collected. Pb presented the highest concentration absorbed by the plant following Cr > Cd> Cu> Ni> Zn metals. Are findings also revealed that the absorption metals sequence levels repeated in other parts of the plant. Cr was the only metal that not presented significant variation in parts of the plant, neither in the collected area. EDTA concentrations that had better assimilation of Pb extracted by the in situ plant were between 3 and 15 g Kg-1.
O uso de plantas para descontaminação do solo e água contaminadas por produtos químicos é utilizado há mais de três séculos. A fitorremediação alcançou importância mundial por ser uma tecnologia que extrai e/ou imobiliza contaminantes de origem orgânica e inorgânica. Neste sentido, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar pela primeira vez a capacidade de absorção do metais Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, Zn e Cu pela Alocasia macrorhiza que compõe a flora de algumas matas ciliares da cidade de Manaus, cujo nível de contaminação são elevados e avaliar as concentrações 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 mmol kg−1 de EDTA na biodisponibilidade desses metais nos solos estudados. Para esse estudo as plantas coletadas foram divididas em raiz, caule e folha para extração dos metais. As concentrações dos metais pesados foram determinados pela espectrometria de absorção atômica de chama, e os resultados analisados pelo teste não-paramétrico por Kruskal-Wallis e Mann-Whitney e análise do componente principal 1 e 2. Os testes mostraram que todos os metais foram absorvidos da mesma forma independentemente do local. O Pb foi o metal que apresentou maior concentração na planta seguindo por Cr > Cd > Cu> Ni > Zn, seqüência que se repete nas outras partes da planta. O Cr foi o único metal que não apresentou variação significativa nas partes da planta e nem nos locais de coletas. As concentrações de EDTA mostram a mesma distribuição de Pb e Cr em in situcomparando com a raiz da planta.
SILVA, Cassio Roberto da. "Geologia do depósito de Zn, Pb, Ag e Cd João Néri-Município de Guapiara, SP." reponame:Repositório Institucional da CPRM, 1995. http://rigeo.cprm.gov.br/jspui/handle/doc/13690.
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SILVA, William Ramos da. "Fitoextração e Bioacessibilidade de As, Cd, Pb E Zn em solos contaminados por resíduos metalúrgicos." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2016. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5363.
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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
The generation of residues through mining is a potential risk of contamination of soil, water, plants and animals. For decades, the municipality of Santo Amaro da Purificação - BA has suffered the impacts caused by improper and inadequate release of thousands of tons of siderurgy slag contaminated mainly by Cd and Pb, and exposure of these contaminants to the population through the distribution of this material to landfills in squares, streets and homes. The city is now known for presenting the greatest human contamination by Pb in the world. In order to understand the impacts of residues in soil and the risk of human contamination from contaminated soil, this study investigated the phytoextraction by maize and castor as a technique for remediation of these soils and to evaluate the risk of human contamination by heavy metals added to the soil by waste. For this, an experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with the use of the two plant species and soil application of inducing agents Phytoextraction (NTA and citric acid). After the cultivation, they evaluated the levels of As, Cd, Pb and Zn in soil and plant to evaluate the potential remediation technique. Fractionation of metals in the soil and bioaccessibility tests to assess the risk of contamination were also performed. The application of chelating agents citric acid and NTA and increased absorption of heavy metals by maize and castor. Despite the removal of metals by application of citric acid is smaller, this is more suitable due to its higher degradability and assist in inhibiting the phytotoxicity of the metals. Corn showed better phytoextraction ability to As, Cd, Pb and Zn in the study. The castor, despite having high concentrations of metals translocated, presented accumulation in roots, can be used as phytoextabiletion plant and generating economic benefits for the production of non-edible vegetable oil. The presence of metal contaminants from the ground indiscriminately in the area of the former COBRAC presents a high risk of contamination of humans through exposure of metals.
A geração de resíduos através da mineração representa um risco potencial de contaminação do solo, recursos hídricos, plantas e animais. Durante décadas, o município de Santo Amaro da Purificação – BA tem sofrido os impactos causados pela liberação indevida e inadequada de milhares de toneladas de escória de siderurgia, contaminada principalmente por Cd e Pb, e pela exposição destes contaminantes à população através da distribuição desse material para aterros em praças, ruas e residências. A cidade hoje é conhecida por apresentar a maior contaminação humana por Pb no mundo. Com a intenção de entender os impactos causados pelos resíduos nos solos, bem como os riscos de contaminação humana por solo contaminado, o presente trabalho objetivou estudar a fitoextração por milho e mamona como uma técnica para remediação desses solos e avaliar o risco de contaminação humana pelos metais pesados adicionados ao solo pelos resíduos. Para isto, foi realizado um experimento em casa de vegetação com a utilização das duas espécies vegetais e aplicação ao solo de agentes indutores da fitoextração (ácido cítrico e NTA). Após o período de cultivo, foram avaliados os teores de As, Cd, Pb e Zn no solo e na planta para avaliar o potencial da técnica de remediação. Fracionamento dos metais no solo e testes de bioacessibilidade para avaliar o risco de contaminação foram também efetuados. A aplicação dos agentes quelantes ácido cítrico e NTA aumentou a absorção de metais pesados por milho e mamona. Apesar da remoção dos metais com aplicação de ácido cítrico ser menor, este é mais indicado por apresentar maior degradabilidade e auxiliar na inibição da fitotoxicidade dos metais. O milho apresentou melhor capacidade fitoextratora para As, Cd, Pb e Zn no solo em estudo. A mamona, apesar de não ter translocado concentrações altas dos metais, apresentou acúmulo nas raízes, podendo ser utilizada como planta fitoestabilizadora e geradora de benefícios econômicos pela produção de óleo vegetal não comestível. A presença de metais contaminantes do solo de forma indiscriminada na área da antiga COBRAC apresenta risco elevado de contaminação dos seres humanos através da exposição dos metais.
Della, Puppa Loïc. "Stabilisation of Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn using a novel manganese oxide in contaminated soil." Limoges, 2014. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/e081bc9f-0d01-44c2-8acd-4d8432e97d5b/blobholder:0/2014LIMO4008.pdf.
Full textA novel manganese oxide was synthesised and characterized in order to be used as chemical stabilizing agent to reduce metal elements mobility and availability in contaminated soils. This amorphous manganese oxide (AMO) is not absolutely stable in soil and water, resulting in Mn released in the beginning of each experiments, but presents high sorption properties. Its presence in soil seems to promote biomass respiration, showing its non toxicity. Both column and batch experiments show that AMO becomes effective to reduce Cu, Cd and Pb mobility from 0. 1% w/w ratio. Moreover, AMO increased soil sorption capacity and increased the pH of the studied contaminated soil sample, depending on the ratio. This AMO impacted more significantly new pollution than former pollution. An increased of the metallic elements immobilisation and changes in AMO properties were observed over time, highlighting the importance of ageing effect. This is coupled with a decrease of Mn released, which became unavailable over time due to the precipitation of rhodochrosite at the AMO surface
Muschitz, Aurélie. "Réponses physiologiques des végétaux supérieurs aux stress métalliques. Caractérisation du rôle des parois cellulaires dans les statégies défensives des cellules de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.) face aux éléments traces métalliques )." Thesis, Artois, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ARTO0408/document.
Full textThe aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of heavy metals (Zn, Cd, Pb) on tomato(Solanum lycopersicum, L.) suspension-cultured cells. The main objective was to demonstrate thattomato cells subjected to metal stress react by modifying their cell walls as they can do in responseof a pathogen attack.In the first chapter, cell parameters were characterized with both quantitative(growth, water content) and qualitative (viability, enzymatic activities) aspects to highlightdeleterious effects of heavy metal (HM) when added in the culture medium during exponential cellgrowth. In addition to growth reducing (growth break, turgor pressure loss and cell death), tomatocells have showed higher tolerance capacity to Zn compared to Cd and Pb.The second chapter demonstrated that tomato cells were able to protect themselvesagainst HM stress by increasing their cell wall biomass and also the HM amount retained by cellwall polymers. Cell walls appeared to assume important roles in HM accumulation (Cd>Zn>Pb)and could therefore limit their influx into the cells. Our results also suggested that HM fixation bycell walls was not only due to an increase in cell wall biomass but also to an improvement of itsbinding capacity.The last chapter, devoted to study the osidic composition of tomato primary cell walls forthe lowest Zn doses, has provided original data particularly about pectins. Results have beendiscussed in order to understand the binding capacity of cell walls in function of Zn treatments.Then, an hypothetical structure of tomato cell wall of cultured cells has been proposed.Finally, this work has answered to the initial question and has constituted a preparativestudy for next phytoremediation projects
Silva, Cassio Roberto da. "Geologia do depósito de \'ZN\', \'PB\', \'AG\' e \'CD\' em João Neri - município de Guapiara - SP." Universidade de São Paulo, 1995. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/44/44133/tde-27082015-163443/.
Full textThe João Néri deposit is located in the southern part of São Paulo state near Guapiara town. The ore body lies on a segment of a NE trending metavolcanic rock sequence which is part of the Água Clara Formation-Setuva Group, all included in the geotectonic domain of the Apiai Fold Belt, considered as of lower Proterozoic age. The rocks of the Água Clara Formation exhibit typical features of a plataformal depositional environment which has been affected by extensional deformation. Later they underwent three deformational events, as represented by penetrative structures which are the following: \'S IND. 1\' = \'S IND. 0\' : compositional banding foliation; \'S IND. 2\' : NE trending and oblique to \'S IND. 1\' = \'\'S IND. 0\' \'IND. i\'; \'S IND. 3\': NW trending and imposing ondulation on the NE fold axis. Alltogether these structures give a dome and basin structural interference pattern to this region, at a regional and local scale. There is convincing mineral paragenetic evidence of a medium grade metamorphism which affected the Água Clara Formation. The Zn, Pb, Ag and Cd mineralization observed in the João Néri deposit is directly linked to a carbonatic metachert bed which, in turn, is bounded by a concordant siliceous metalimestone. The most common controls of the mineralization are: stratigraphic (Água Clara Formation), lithological (metachert) and mineralogical (barite). The Pb isotopic analyses on galenas of the João Néri deposit yelded an age of 1600 m.a. which was interpreted as the age of the Zn, Pb, Ag, Cd mineralization. This age might express, as well, the sedimentation of the Água Clara Formation. All the geological and geochemical evidences lead to the conclusion that we are dealing with a deposit of stratiforme nature. The Zn, Pb, Ag, Cd mineralization might be linked to a hydrothermal volcano-exhalative synsedimentary activitiy, which is promptly supported by the morphology, rock and mineral assemblages as well as by Pb and Sr isotope data.
Iha, Danilo Sinhei. "Bioacumulações de Cd, Ni, Pb e Zn durante os crescimentos de Salvinia minima e Lemna valdiviana." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/1822.
Full textUniversidade Federal de Sao Carlos
Metals are dispersed easily in environments and are bioconcentrated in tissues of many organisms causing risks to the health and stability of aquatic ecosystems even at low concentrations. The use of plants in phytoremediation has been evaluated in order to mitigate environmental contamination since it has large capacity to adsorb and/or accumulate metals. This study evaluated the growth and phytoremediation of Salvinia minima and Lemna valdiviana grown in different concentrations of Cd, Pb, Ni and Zn. The growths were determined through measurements of leaf area by photographic images. The cultures were performed in a continuous flow (residence time = 2 days), under controlled temperature (23 ºC) and photoperiod (12/12h; radiation intensity: 4.31x10- 3 μmol sec-1 cm-2). The selected concentrations were 0.003 0.030 0.300 and 0.600 mg L-1 Cd; 0.020 0.200 and 0.400 mg L-1 Ni; 0.01 0.10 and 1.00 mg L-1 Pb and 0.10 1.00 10.0 100.0 and 1,000.0 mg L-1 Zn. The metals selection derived from the difficulty of its removal by conventional methods, and the selection of concentrations was based on values toxic to humans and on the maximum values allowed by Brazilian legislation for effluent discharge. None S. minima growth in concentrations of 0.300 mg L-1 Cd and 10.0 mg L-1 Zn were observed. L. valdiviana showed no growth when cultured at concentrations of 0.600 mg L-1 Cd; 0.10 and 1.00 mg L-1 Pb; and greater than 100.0 mg L-1 Zn. Individuals of S. minima bioaccumulated maximum 0.803 mg g-1 Cd; 0.677 mg g-1 Ni; 1.786 mg g-1 Pb and 10.464 mg g-1 Zn. L. valdiviana bioaccumulated maximum 1.15 mg g-1 de Cd; 0.045 mg g-1 de Ni e 62.465 mg g-1 de Zn. The metals content in plant tissues increased and the growth coefficients decreased when progressively increased the Cd, Pb and Ni concentrations. We conclude that, depending on the concentration, the two species of macrophytes can be used to phytoremediate effluents with metals and S. minima is more efficient on Ni, Pb and Zn removal and L. valdiviana on Cd removal. The Cd and Ni concentrations allowed by Brazilian law were toxic for both species and the allowed Pb concentration were toxic for Lemna valdiviana.
Os metais são dispersos com facilidade nos ambientes e podem ser bioconcentrados nos tecidos de diversos organismos causando riscos à saúde e à estabilidade do ecossistema aquático, mesmo em baixas concentrações. Diversos trabalhos têm avaliado o uso de plantas para fitorremediar contaminações ambientais causadas por metais, uma vez que elas têm elevada capacidade de adsorver e acumular esses elementos. Neste trabalho foram avaliados o crescimento e a fitorremediação de Salvinia minima e de Lemna valdiviana cultivadas em diferentes concentrações de Cd, Pb, Ni e Zn. Os crescimentos foram determinados através das medidas das áreas foliares por imagens fotográficas. Os cultivos foram realizados em sistema de fluxo contínuo (tempo de residência = 2 dias), em condições controladas de temperatura (23ºC) e fotoperíodo (12/12h; intensidade de radiação: 4,31x10-3 μmol seg-1 cm-2). As concentrações selecionadas foram 0,003 0,030 0,300 e 0,600 mg L-1 de Cd; 0,020 0,200 e 0,400 mg L-1 de Ni; 0,01 0,10 e 1,00 mg L-1 de Pb e 0,10 1,00 10,0 100,0 e 1.000,0 mg L-1 de Zn. A seleção dos metais baseou-se na dificuldade de remoção utilizando métodos convencionais e a seleção das concentrações baseou-se nos valores que são tóxicos para seres humanos e nos valores máximos permitidos pela legislação brasileira (BRASIL, 2011) para o lançamento de efluentes. Não foram observados crescimentos de S. minima em concentrações de 0,300 mg L-1 de Cd e 10,0 mg L-1 de Zn. L. valdiviana não apresentou crescimentos quando cultivadas em concentrações de 0,600 mg L-1 de Cd; 0,10 e 1,00 mg L-1 de Pb e em concentrações maiores que 100,0 mg L-1 de Zn. Os indivíduos de S. minima bioacumularam no máximo 0,803 mg g-1 de Cd; 0,677 mg g-1 de Ni; 1,786 mg g-1 de Pb e 10,464 mg g-1 de Zn. L. valdiviana bioacumulou no máximo 1,15 mg g-1 de Cd; 0,045 mg g-1 de Ni e 62,465 mg g-1 de Zn. Os teores de metais nos tecidos das plantas aumentaram e os coeficientes de crescimento diminuíram quando cultivadas em concentrações progressivamente aumentadas de Cd, Pb e Ni. Conclui-se que, dependendo da concentração, as duas espécies de macrófitas podem ser utilizadas para fitorremediar efluentes com metais e que S. minima é mais eficiente na remoção de Ni, Pb e Zn e L. valdiviana na remoção de Cd. As concentrações de Cd e Ni permitidas pela legislação brasileira para o lançamento de efluentes são tóxicas para as duas espécies de macrófitas e a concentração permitida de Pb é tóxica para Lemna valdiviana.
SILVA, José Vanderley do Nascimento. "Remoção de metais pesados (Cd, Pb, Zn) utilizando como adsorventes argilas nacionais: Chocobofe e Chocolate B." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2015. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/294.
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Capes
O aumento da produção industrial tem proporcionado à geração de efluentes aquosos contaminados com íons de metais pesados. Esses devem ser tratados antes de serem descartados no meio ambiente. Por este motivo é muito importante à utilização de processos para reduzir ou eliminar metais pesados presentes em efluentes industriais. Dentre os vários processos existentes, a adsorção apresenta grande eficiência na remoção de metais presentes em baixas concentrações. As argilas têm apresentado ótimos resultados em processos de adsorção de metais pesados, o que motiva a busca por argilas que possuam maior afinidade com cada tipo de metal. Neste trabalho as argilas naturais esmectiticas Chocobofe e Chocolate B proveniente do estado da Paraíba foram investigadas com o objetivo de avaliar sua afinidade e capacidade para remoção de cádmio, chumbo e zinco. Realizou-se, inicialmente, a caracterização das argilas pelas técnicas: Difração de Raios X; Análises químicas; Análises térmicas (diferencial e gravimétrica); Espectroscopia na região do infravermelho; Adsorção Física de Nitrogênio; Microscopia eletrônica de varredura e capacidade de troca de cátions. Depois de caracterizadas, as argilas foram avaliadas quanto a sua capacidade de remoção (qeq) e seu percentual de remoção (%Rem) para os metais (Cádmio, Chumbo e Zinco), presentes em efluente sintético, através de sistema de banho finito. De forma a se obter uma maior eficiência na remoção dos metais, foi realizado um planejamento fatorial 22 avaliando duas variáveis de entrada: concentração inicial de metais pesados (10, 30 e 50 ppm) e pH (3, 4 e 5), para determinar as melhores condições de trabalho, no qual se verificou que o pH= 5 e concentração inicial de 50 mg/g foram as condições que apresentaram melhores resultados alcançando Valores de 88,54-99,44% de percentagem de remoção e 3,36-4,43 mg/g de capacidade de remoção. A partir desses dados foram desenvolvidos estudos cinéticos e isotermas de equilíbrio que serviram de dados para avaliar a capacidade de adsorção das argilas com ajustes feitos através dos modelos de Langmuir, Freundlich e Redlich-Peterson. Os resultados dos testes cinéticos indicaram que o processo de remoção dos íons Cd2+, Pb2+ e Zn2+ pelas argilas se aplicam ao mecanismo do modelo de velocidade de pseudo-segunda ordem, sendo necessário um tempo de 10 minutos para alcançar o equilíbrio. Os modelos matemáticos adotados para a modelagem dos dados experimentais descreveram adequadamente a dinâmica da adsorção, produzindo isotermas teóricas com comportamento bastante próximos daqueles encontrados com as isotermas experimentais e que dos modelos utilizados, verifica-se que os modelos de Langmuir e Redlich-Peterson apresentaram melhor ajuste aos dados experimentais. A capacidade máxima de adsorção obtida pelas argilas Chocobofe e Chocolate B foram: 18,35 -21,88 mg. g-1 para o Pb2+; 10,0-11,20 mg. g-1 para o Cd2; 8,64-8,69 mg.g-1 para o Zn2, indicando uma seletividade das argilas em relação aos metais em estudo uma sequência de afinidade: Pb2+ > Cd2 > Zn2. Assim, os resultados experimentais indicaram que as argilas bentonitas podem ser utilizadas como adsorventes para a eliminação dos metais Cádmio, Chumbo e Zinco de aguas e efluentes contaminados por meio do mecanismo de adsorção.
The increase in industrial production has provided the generation of wastewater contaminated with heavy metal ions. These must be treated before disposal into the environment. For this reason it is very important to the use of processes to reduce or eliminate heavy metals from industrial effluents. Among the many existing processes, adsorption has great efficiency in the removal of metals present in low concentrations. Clays have shown excellent results in heavy metal adsorption processes, which motivates the search for clays having higher affinity with each type of metal. In this work the smectite clays natural Chocobofe and Chocolate B from the state of Paraíba were investigated in order to evaluate their affinity and capacity for the removal of cadmium, lead and zinc. Held, initially, the characterization of clays by techniques: X-ray diffraction; Chemical analysis; Thermal analysis (differential and gravimetric); Spectroscopy in the infrared region; Adsorption Nitrogen Physics; Scanning electron microscopy and capacity of cation exchange. After characterized the clays were evaluated for removal capacity (q and q) and its removal percentage (% Rem) to metals (cadmium, lead and zinc) present in synthetic wastewater through finite bath system. In order to achieve greater efficiency in the removal of metals a 22 factorial experimental design was conducted to evaluate two input variables: initial concentration of heavy metals (10, 30 and 50 ppm) and pH (3, 4 and 5) to determine the best working conditions, which revealed that the pH = 5 and initial concentration of 50 mg/g were the conditions that showed better results from 88.54 to 99.44% reaching values of percentage removal and 3,36- 4.43 mg/g of removability. From these data were developed kinetic and equilibrium isotherms that served data to evaluate the adsorption capacity of clays with adjustments made through the Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich-Peterson. The results of the kinetic tests indicated that the removal of Cd2+ ions, Pb2+ and Zn2+ the clay are applied to the mechanism of the pseudo-second-order rate model, a time of 10 minutes is required to reach equilibrium. The mathematical models used to model the experimental data adequately describe the dynamics of adsorption, producing theoretical isotherms quite close to those found behavior with experimental isotherms and that of the models used, it appears that the Langmuir and Redlich-Peterson showed better fit to the experimental data. The maximum adsorption capacity obtained by clays Chocobofe and Chocolate B were 18.35 -21.88 mg. g-1 for Pb2+; 10.0 to 11.20 mg. g-1 for Cd2+; 8.64 to 8.69 mg.g-1 for Zn2+, indicating a selectivity of clays in relation to studying a metal affinity sequence: Pb2+> Cd2+> Zn2+. Thus, the experimental results indicate that the bentonite clays can be used as adsorbents for the removal of metals cadmium, lead and zinc contaminated water and effluent by adsorption mechanism.
Deng, Hong. "Metal (Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, Fe) uptake, tolerance and radial oxygen loss in typical wetland plants." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2005. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/629.
Full textFevrier, Laureline Moszkowicz Pierre. "Transfert d'un mélange Zn-Cd-Pb dans un dépôt fluvio-glaciaire carbonate approche en colonnes de laboratoire /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://csidoc.insa-lyon.fr/these/2001/fevrier/index.html.
Full textLima, Jacqueline Zanin. "Caracterização geológica-geotécnica e estudo da adsorção de Pb, Zn e Cd por turfa e compostos orgânicos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18132/tde-13122017-083747/.
Full textOrganic reactive materials, such as peat and compounds, have a considerable potential for use in the remediation of contaminated areas by potentially toxic metals, due to their high adsorption capacity, commonly associated with high organic matter content. The use of organic compound becomes advantageous because it is a possibility of final destination for the compostable municipal solid waste, according to the public policies, being able to add economic and environmental value to the waste. In this perspective, the selection of the most viable reactive materials to be used in the retention of metals is needful, its characterization (geological and geotechnical) and the study of its real adsorptive capacity through adsorption tests are essential. Thus, the objective of this research was to characterize the geological and geotechnical characteristics of a peat (from Mogi Guaçu\'s basin in the city Cravinhos) and four compounds (total, indian, static and wired, from composters located at the University of São Paulo), besides batch tests with lead (Pb), zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd). To achieve the objectives, the following tests were done: particle size analysis, solids specific mass\' determination, density, moisture content, physico-chemical parameters (potential hydrogenion - pH, ΔpH, oxy-reduction potential - Eh and electrical conductivity - EC), point of zero salt effect (PZSE), organic matter (OM), ash content, cation exchange capacity (CEC), water retention capacity (WRC), elemental composition (C, H and N), organic carbon, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Scanning Electron Microscopy/X-Ray Dispersive Energy Spectroscopy (SEM/DES) and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA). From the detailed knowledge of the physical and chemical parameters of the materials was possible to perform the batch equilibrium test with monoelemental solutions of Pb, Zn and Cd with different concentrations below 220 mg L-1 and reactive material/solution ratio of 1/50 (as defined in the preliminary stage). Regarding the characterization results, peat and compounds presented promising characteristics for adsorption. The peat showed moderately acidic pH (5.1), negative ΔpH (-1.0) attesting to a majority presence of negative charges on the surface of the particles, which was confirmed by the PZSE (3.6) < pH (5.1), a considerably high OM content (520.43 mg kg-1) and a high CEC (91.00 cmolc kg-1). The compounds exhibited from slightly acidic to slightly basic pH values (6.4 to 7.7), negative ΔpH (-0.4 to -1.0), promising OM (193.92 to 418.70 mg kg-1) and variable CEC (29.00 to 75.00 cmolc kg-1). In general, terms, the total and indian compounds presented more favorable characteristics for metal retention, what was confirmed by the preliminary step of the adsorption test. As the Indian compound had a small enhancement on the immobilization of Cd and Zn and due, it showed greater control in the composition process, it was chosen for a batch equilibrium test with varying concentrations of Pb, Zn and Cd, as well as a peat. The final adsorption results showed that the peat and the indian compound had the same order of metal affinity: Pb > Cd > Zn, whereby the compound showed a higher adsorption tendency. The peat showed a metal removal percentage (A%) higher than 90% for Pb concentrations up to 137 mg L-1, while the compound adsorbed more than 98% at all concentrations studied (26 to 214 mg L-1) not reaching the saturation state. Thus, peat and organic compounds, characterized by a low cost and a significant availability, can be classified as potential organic low-cost reactive materials for metal cations immobilization, mainly Pb2+ and Cd2+.
Fevrier, Laureline. "Transfert d'un mélange Zn-Cd-Pb dans un dépôt fluvio-glaciaire carbonate : approche en colonnes de laboratoire." Lyon, INSA, 2001. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2001ISAL0071/these.pdf.
Full textThe use of stormwater infiltration basins in urban area can generate a risk of contamination for soils and groundwater. The aim of this work is ta increase the knowledge of the hydraulic and the chemical mechanisms implied in the transfer of pollutants. The porous matrix studied is a carbonated fluvio-glacial deposit usually found in the infiltration basins of the Lyon area. Some columns were designed at the laboratory scale, with the fluvio-glacial deposit sieved at 1 cm. The pollution studied was a mixture of Zn-Cd-Pb - 1 o•3 mol. -1. Some flow tracer. Experiments coupled with modeling (MIM model) were used to characterize the hydrodynamic behaviour of the columns, as a function of water content and flow rate. At saturation, the flow is divided in mobile (50 %) and immobile regions whereas for unsaturated conditions, the flow is more homogeneous. This property seems to be a consequence of the particle size distribution of the fluvio-glacial deposit. The interactions between the metals and the fluvio-glacial deposit were studied thanks to batch and transfer experiments, coupled with modeling (PHREEQC model). From a qualitative point of view, the main reactions are the dissolution of the fluvio-glacial deposit's calcite, the metals precipitation in a carbonated form (cerusite and hydrocerussite for Pb, an unknown mixed specie for Cd and Zn) and the cationic exchange reactions. During the transfer, the metals retention is governed by the chemical kinetic dissolution of the calcite and by the physical kinetic exchange between the mobile and the immobile regions. The retention is maximized for transfer in unsaturated conditions and law flow rates
Boros, Kristina. "Methodologies for Estimating Bioaccessibility of Six Metals in Household Dust: Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Ni, and Cr." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32446.
Full textChapman, Aletia Ann. "Cellular responses to Cd, Pb and Zn in shrews (Myosorex varius and Crocidura flavescens) and BALB/c mice." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51647.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: Shrews are excellent bioindicators of environmental heavy metal pollution. This is due to their diets and the high rate of consumption at which these small mammals consume their prey. Shrews feed mostly on earthworms, and earthworms accumulate high levels of heavy metals in their bodies. Biomarkers measure responses to environmental pollution in the bodies of exposed organisms. Cellular biomarkers give an indication of responses to pollutants at levels of pollutant exposure that are not yet lethal to the organism. This study was prompted by concern that the number of shrews in the Stellenbosch region was declining. For the present study, shrews (Myosorex varius and Crocidura jlavescens) from the Stellenbosch region were sampled. The levels of Cd and Pb in their bodies were analysed in order to ascertain whether or not these two heavy metals, which occur in the environment as a result of various anthropogenic activities, are present in the food chain of the shrews. In the laboratory, shrews were fed live control and metal exposed earthworms from laboratory cultures. The earthworms had been exposed to either Cd or Pb in these cultures over a number of generations. This was performed to determine whether the presence of the metals in the body of the shrews, had resulted from metal accumulation from the earthworms which were fed to the shrews. Cellular biomarkers were used to determine the cellular response to the metals and membrane integrity and DNA integrity were investigated. This was done by exposing the cells of the shrews and ofBALB/c mice to metal salt solutions of Cd, Pb and Zn in vitro. Membrane integrity was tested by cell leaching techniques viz. the LDH assay and the trypan blue assay. DNA integrity was determined by using the comet assay as a biomarker of exposure. The results of the study show that the shrews in the immediate Stellenbosch region are exposed to lower levels of Cd and even lower levels of Pb than shrews from a site 16km out of the town of Stellenbosch. The cellular responses induced by metal exposure of laboratory mice show that the metals are indeed cytotoxic and genotoxic to the cells of small mammals. Cd and Pb were found to be more cytotoxic than Zn, while Zn was more genotoxic than either CqorPb.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Skeerbekke is uitstekende bioindikatore van swaarmetaalbesoedeling in die omgewing. Dit is as gevolg van hul dieët en die hoë koers waarteen hierdie klein soogdiere hul prooi verorber. Skeerbekke voed meestalop erdwurms, en erdwurms akkumuleer hoë vlakke van swaarmetale in hul liggaam. Biomerkers meet response as gevolg van omgewingsbesoedeling in die liggame van blootgestelde organismes. Sellulêre biomerkers gee 'n aanduiding van response op besoedelingstowwe by vlakke wat nog nie dodelik is vir die organisme nie. Die studie is aangespoor deur die bekommernis dat die getal van skeerbekkies in Stellenbosch besig is om te daal. In die studie is skeerbekke (Myosorex varius en Crocidura flavescens) van die Stellenbosch omgewing gevang en die vlakke van Cd en Pb in hul liggame gemeet om vas te stelof die twee swaarmetale, wat in die omgewing beland as gevolg van verskeie antropogeniese aktiwiteite, teenwoordig is in die voedselketting van die skeerbekke. Die skeerbekke is in die laboratorium met lewende kontrole en metaalblootgestelde erdwurms uit kulture in die laboratorium gevoer. Die erdwurms is aan Cd en Pb oor baie generasies blootgestel in hierdie kulture. Dit is gedoen om vas te stelof die teenwoordigheid van die metale in die liggame van die skeerbekke 'n oorsaak is van metaalakkumuleering as gevolg van die erdwurms waarmee hulle gevoer is. Sellulêre biomerkers is gebruik om sellulêre respons op die metale op die membraanintegriteit en DNA-integriteit vas te stel. Dit is gedoen deur die selle van skeerbekke so wel as BALB/c muise in vitro bloot te stel aan metaalsoutoplossings van Cd, Pb en Zn. Membraanintegriteit is getoets deur selmembraan permeabiliteit tegnieke nl. die LDH en tripaan blou toetse. DNA-integriteit is getoets deur die komeettoets te gebruik. Die resultate van die studie dui daarop dat die skeerbekke van Stellenbosch aan laer vlakke van Cd, en nóg laer vlakke van Pb blootgestel is as die skeerbekke van 'n perseel 16km buite die dorp. Die sellulêre response geïndusseer deur blootstelling aan metale by die laboratoriummuise het aangetoon dat die metale inderdaad skadelik is vir die selmembraan en die DNA van die selle van die muise. Cd en Pb is meer toksies vir die selmembraan as Zn, terwyl Zn weer meer toksies is vir die DNA-integriteit as Cd en Pb.
Pelfrène, Aurélie Grimaud Daniel. "Spéciation des métaux traces (Cd., Cu, Pb, Zn) dans les eaux d'un Planosol non pollué (Massif Central, France)." Tours : SCD de l'université de Tours, 2008. http://theses.abes.fr/2008TOUR4008.
Full textGuarda, Ananda Fagundes. "Determinação voltamétrica de contaminantes metálicos (Hg, Ag, Zn, Cd, Pb e Tl) em concentrado polieletrolítico utilizando eletrodos sólidos." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/10500.
Full textThis work describes the voltammetric determination of Hg, Ag, Zn, Cd, Pb and Tl using solid electrodes as working electrodes in samples of dialysate concentrates (DCs). These contain a very high ionic strengt (~ 4.1 mol L-1), which makes the direct analysis of other analytical techniques such as ETAAS. Voltammetric methods were suitable for the determination of analytes in samples of DCs without the need for dilution, masking agents or pre-concentration steps. The experimental conditions were optimized in order to increase the selectivity and sensitivity of the current signals of each analyte. Were developed two individual methods, which enable the analysis of metals in a study with adequate sensitivity required by law. Were used a glassy carbon electrode as working electrode and as electrode support for the changes. In this electrode and Ag was determined sequentially with the film formation of bismuth, Zn, Cd, Pb. With the addition of DTPA (diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid) was analyzed Tl. Searching a second modification, the second method has the application of cysteine on the film of bismuth, showed that with adequate sensitivity for the determination of mercury. The methods were used for the analysis of commercial samples of CPHD, comparing the voltammograms of each analyte with a non-saline medium. The limit of quantification values ranging from 0.23 to 5.32 μg L-1, and the values obtained from tests for recoveries ranging from 93.6 to 106.3%.
Neste trabalho é descrita a determinação voltamétrica de Hg, Ag, Zn, Cd, Pb e Tl utilizando eletrodos sólidos como eletrodos de trabalho em amostras de concentrado polieletrolítico de hemodiálise (CPHD). Estas possuem uma elevada força iônica (~ 4,1 mol L-1), o que impossibilita a análise direta em outras técnicas analíticas, como ETAAS. Métodos voltamétricos mostraram-se adequados para a determinação dos analitos em amostras de CPHD, sem ser necessário diluição, agentes mascarantes ou etapas de pré-concentração. As condições experimentais foram otimizadas com o objetivo de aumentar a seletividade e sensibilidade dos sinais de corrente de cada analito. Foram desenvolvidos dois métodos independentes, que permitem a análise dos metais em estudo com adequada sensibilidade, conforme é exigido pela legislação. Foi utilizado o eletrodo de carbono vítreo como eletrodo de trabalho e também como suporte para as modificações. Nesse eletrodo foi possível determinar Ag e, sequencialmente, com a formação do filme de bismuto, Zn, Cd, Pb. Com a adição de DTPA (Ácido Dietilenotriaminopentacético), determinou-se Tl. Buscando a determinação de mercúrio com adequada sensibilidade, uma segunda modificação foi realizada, e o segundo método apresenta a aplicação de cisteína sobre o filme de bismuto. Os métodos foram utilizados nas amostras de CPHD comerciais, comparando o comportamento individual dos analitos, com um meio não-salino. Os valores de limite de quantificação variam de 0,23 a 5,32 μg L-1, e os valores obtidos nos ensaios de recuperações variam entre 93,6 a 106,3%.
Bullock, Richard John. "Mobility, chemical form and bioavailability of Cd, Zn, Pb and Cu in woodland soils contaminated by aerial fallout." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/745d9114-d91c-4b21-9dfd-bb0195a59939.
Full textFerreira, Marcos Manoel. "Estimativa dos fluxos de Zn, Cd, Pb e Cu no saco do Engenho, Baía de Sepetiba, RJ Niterói." Niterói, 2017. https://app.uff.br/riuff/handle/1/3048.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal Nível Superior
Universidade Federal Fluminense. Instituto de Química. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geociências- Geoquímica, Niterói, RJ
Este estudo quantificou o aporte via transporte aquático superficial de Zn, Cd, Pb, e Cu para a Baía de Sepetiba, oriundos do Saco do Engenho, buscando estimar a carga da poluição anual, proveniente em grande parte, dos rejeitos industriais armazenados na área da falida Cia. de beneficiamento de Zn e Cd, a Ingá Mercantil. Os resultados mostram o quão preocupante é a carga dos contaminantes metálicos que ainda são exportados para a Baía de Sepetiba através do Saco do Engenho, devido ao processo conjunto de lixiviação e erosão dos rejeitos industriais ricos em metais pesados. Zn e Cd foram caracterizados como os principais metais que são lixiviados do rejeito pela ação das águas da Baía e das chuvas locais, sendo então os metais que apresentam os maiores riscos ao ambiente aquático local, principalamente se a este fato for acrescentado às suas altas concentrações no rejeito. Nas análises realizadas, em 71% das amostras, a concentração de Zn total superou os limites máximos permissíveis na Classe 2 para águas, segundo a legislação ambiental brasileira. Comparando-se os resultados deste estudo com outras regiões, as concentrações de Zn, Cd, Pb, e Cu encontrados nas águas do Saco do Engenho são comparáveis às concentrações encontradas em outros áreas altamante impactadas por atividades industriais e portuárias. Os resultados referentes ao fluxo de contaminantes que aportam à Baía de Sepetiba a partir do Saco do Engenho foram de 33 t.ano-1 de Zn, 0,3 t.ano-1 de Cd, e 0,06 t.ano-1 de Pb. O metal Cu apresentou um fluxo de 0,51 t.ano-1, mas no sentido inverso. Zn e Cd, apresentaram valores de fluxo anuais maiores, ou pelo menos na mesma ordem de grandeza, que os encontrados no Canal de São Francisco e no Rio Guandú, rios estes altamente contaminados por metais pesados, sobretudo em seus trechos finais devido a grande concentração de indústrias com elevado potencial poluidor, e que possuem uma vazão anual cerca de 100 vezes maior, que a o maior valor de vazão medido no Saco do Engenho
This study quantified the superficial aquatic aport of Zn, Cd, Pb, e Cu at Sepetiba Bay, derivative from Engenho Inlet, to look for the daily values of trace metals pollution, mostly originated of a large environmental liabilitie in that place, the tailing of old bankrupt Cia. Ingá Mercantil. The results show how concern is the load of metal contaminants that are still exported to the Sepetiba Bay through the Engenho Inlet, due to the joint process of leaching and erosion of industrial wastes rich in heavy metals. Zn and Cd were characterized as the main metals that are leached from the tailings by the action of the waters of the Bay and local rains, and then the metals that pose the greatest risks to the local aquatic environment, especially if this fact is added to their high concentrations to reject. In the analysis performed, in 71% of the samples, the concentration of Zn total exceeded the maximum allowable for Waters Class 2, according to Brazilian environmental legislation. Comparing our results with other regions, the concentrations of Zn, Cd, Pb, and Cu found in the waters of Engenho Inlet are comparable to concentrations found in other areas highly impacted by industrial and portuary activities. The results for the flow of contaminants who come to Sepetiba Bay from the Engenho Inlet were 33 t.year-1 of Zn, 0.3 t.year-1 of Cd and 0.06 t.year-1 of Pb. The metal Cu showed a flow of 0.51 t.ano-1, but in reverse flux. Zn and Cd showed higher anual flow values, or at least the same order of magnitude, than those found in the Canal of San Francisco and Rio Guandu rivers, these highly contaminated by heavy metals, especially in its final stretches due to high concentration of industries with high pollution potential, and have an annual flow of about 100 times greater than the highest value of flow measured in the Engenho Inlet
Pelfrêne, Aurélie. "Spéciation des métaux traces (Cd., Cu, Pb, Zn) dans les eaux d'un Planosol non pollué (Massif Central, France)." Thesis, Tours, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOUR4008.
Full textNo summary avalaible
Bremner, Anne-Marie. "Processes controlling the concentration and availability of Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu in a wetland drainage system, Avonmouth, UK." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297972.
Full textCosta, Julie Barnes de Souza. "Determinação de As, Cd, Pb e Zn por voltametria no médio curso do Rio Paraíba do Sul – Itatiaia – RJ." Niterói, 2017. https://app.uff.br/riuff/handle/1/3894.
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Universidade Federal Fluminense. Instituto de Química. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geoquímica, Niterói, RJ
Os elementos traços, As, Cd, Pb e Zn ocorrem na natureza em uma variedade de formas químicas, incluindo espécies or gânicas e inorgânicas. São oriundos tanto de fontes naturais quanto antrópicas . Em decorrência do risco de intoxicação crônica desses elementos, os limites má ximos permitidos para esses elementos em água vêm diminuindo ao longo dos anos de acordo com a Organização Mundial de Saúde e pela Resolução 357/2 005 do CONAMA. Atualmente, as concentrações máximas permitidas par a águas superficiais são de 10 μg.L -1 , 1 μg.L -1 , 10 μg.L -1 e 180 μg.L -1 para As, Cd, Pb e Zn respectivamente (Resolução 357/2005 CONAMA). Este trabalho teve com o objetivos aplicar e validar um método eletro analítico empregando a voltametria de redissolução para determinação da concentração de As, Cd, Pb e Zn em águas fluviais no médio curso do rio Paraíba do Sul, na região da Usina Hidrelétr ica do Funil em Itatiaia – RJ, assim como o de verificar a influencia da barragem da represa na variação da concentração dos elementos. O método voltamétrico d esenvolvido apresentou sensibilidade e seletividade adequada, alcançando b aixos limites de detecção: 0,002 μg.L -1 de As, 0,002 μg.L -1 de Cd, 0,006 μg.L -1 de Pb e 0,095 μg.L -1 de Zn. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram a possível influenc ia da barragem, atuando como barreira geoquímica, acumulando elementos como As, Cd e Pb em sua represa. Quando comparados aos máximos permitidos pelos órgã os governamentais forma significativamente inferiores para o As, Pb e Zn, e superiores para Cd, possivelmente justificado pela constituição rochosa alcalina da região
The trace elements, As Cd Pb and Zn occur in nature in a variety of chemical forms, including organic and inorganic spe cies. They come from natural sources and anthropogenic activities. Because of th e risk of chronic poisoning of these elements, the maximum values allowed for them in water have decreased over years according to the World Health Organization an d CONAMA Resolution 357/2005. Currently, the maximum permissible concen trations for dinking water are 10 μg.L -1 , 1 μg.L -1 , 10 μg.L -1 e 180 μg.L -1 for As, Cd, Pb and Zn respectively (resolution 357/CONOMA 2005). This study aimed to d evelop and validate an analytical method using the Stripping Voltammetry f or determining the concentrations of As, Cd, Pb and Zn in water sample s from the middle course of Paraíba do Sul river, at the Hydroelectric of Funil – Itatiaia – RJ, and check the influence of the dam’s reservoir on water concentra tions of these elements. The developed voltammetric method showed adequate sensi tivity and selectivity, with low limits of detection: 0,002 μg.L -1 for As, 0,002 μg.L -1 for Cd, 0,006 μg.L -1 for Pb and 0,095 μg.L -1 for Zn. The results demonstrate the possible influ ence of the dam, acting as a geochemical barrier, accumulating As, Cd and P b. When compared to the maximum allowed by CONAMA this study found concentr ations significantly lower for As, Pb and Zn and higher for Cd.
Lopareva-Pohu, Alena. "Intérêt de la phytostabilisation aidée pour la gestion des sols pollués par des éléments traces métalliques (Cd, Pb, Zn)." Littoral, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011DUNK0296.
Full textSustainable management of contaminated soils with trace elements (TE) is a real challenge, more particularly around the former lead smelter Metaleurop Nord, in Northern France. This in situ study aimed at evaluating the long-term efficiency of aided phytostabilisation on former agricultural soils highly contaminated with cadmium, lead and zinc. Soils were amended with two fly ashes (Fas) : a silico-aluminos (FA1) and sulfo-calcic FA (FA2). Nine years after experiment start, the trees development induced a progressive shift of land use from agriculture field to forest ecosystem. Taking in account plant development and TE accumulation, data suggested that, among studied species, Alnus glutinosa, Acer pseudoplatanus and Robinia pseudoacacia were suitable for phytostabilisation of the experimental site. The afforestation induced soil physico-chemical parameters’ modifications. In particular, an increase of organic matters contents and a beginning of acidification were observed. This alteration of soils parameters could modify TE mobility and bioavailability. Our results indicated that the two studied FA buffered natural soil acidification, through a huge input of carbonates. This limited TE mobility and their accumulation in the studied above ground plant organs. Sulfo-calcic ash (FA2) is more efficient in decreasing TE soil mobility and accumulation by plants than silico-aluminous ash (FA1). In consequence, soil amendment with FA2 appears to be the wisest option to manage the contaminated soils surrounding the former smelter. Before recommending this aided phytostabilisation on larger polluted areas, further research is needed to answer several questions raised by this work
Vieira, Raimundo Kennedy. "A determinação voltametrica multisequencial de Pb, Cd, Zn, e Cu em amostras complexas usando um sistema ternario homogeneo de solventes." [s.n.], 2004. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/250586.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica
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Mestrado
Vieira, Maria de F?tima Pereira. "Determina??o de Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sn e Zn em Tainha (Mugil brasiliensis) nos estu?rios potiguares." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2007. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17686.
Full textHeavy metals can cause problems of human poisoning by ingestion of contaminated food, and the environment, a negative impact on the aquatic fauna and flora. And for the presence of these metals have been used for aquatic animals biomonitoramento environment. This research was done in order to assess the environmental impact of industrial and domestic sewage dumped in estuaries potiguares, from measures of heavy metals in mullet. The methods used for these determinations are those in the literature for analysis of food and water. Collections were 20 samples of mullet in several municipality of the state of Rio Grande do Norte, from the estuaries potiguares. Were analyzed the content of humidity, ash and heavy metals. The data were subjected to two methods of exploratory analysis: analysis of the main components (PCA), which provided a multivariate interpretation, showing that the samples are grouped according to similarities in the levels of metals and analysis of hierarchical groupings (HCA), producing similar results. These tests have proved useful for the treatment of the data producing information that would hardly viewed directly in the matrix of data. The analysis of the results shows the high levels of metallic species in samples Mugil brasiliensis collected in Estuaries /Potengi, Piranhas/A?u, Guara?ra / Papeba / Ar?s and Curimata?
Os metais pesados podem provocar problemas de intoxica??o humana pela ingest?o de alimentos contaminados e para o meio ambiente, uma repercuss?o negativa ? fauna e flora aqu?ticas. E para detectar a presen?a destes metais t?m-se utilizado animais aqu?ticos para o biomonitoramento ambiental. Esta pesquisa foi feita com o intuito de se avaliar o impacto ambiental de esgotos dom?sticos e industriais despejados nos estu?rios potiguares, a partir das medidas de metais pesados em tainha. Os m?todos utilizados para estas determina??es s?o aqueles constantes da literatura para an?lise de alimentos e de ?gua. Foram coletas 20 amostras de tainha em diversos munic?pios do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, oriundas dos estu?rios potiguares. Foram analisados os teores de umidade, cinzas e metais pesados. Os dados foram submetidos a dois m?todos de an?lises explorat?rios: an?lise de componentes principais (PCA), que proporcionou uma interpreta??o multivariada, mostrando que as amostras s?o agrupadas de acordo com as similaridades de teores de metais e an?lise hier?rquica de agrupamentos (HCA), produzindo resultados semelhantes. Estas an?lises mostraram-se ?teis para o tratamento dos dados produzindo informa??es que dificilmente seriam visualizados diretamente na matriz de dados. A an?lise dos resultados mostra os altos teores de esp?cies met?licas em amostras coletadas em tainhas nos Estu?rios Potengi, Piranhas/A?u, Guara?ra/Papeba/Ares e Curimata?
Elmroth, Edvin. "Adsorption of Zn, Cd, V, Ba, Cu, Mo, Ni, Cr, Li and Pb to silicon and aluminium reduced AOD-slag." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-68989.
Full textCASAS, Stellio. "Modélisation de la bioaccumulation de métaux traces (Hg, Cd, Pb, Cu et Zn) chez la moule, Mytilus galloprovincialis, en milieu méditerranéen." Phd thesis, Université du Sud Toulon Var, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009551.
Full textCasas, Stellio Benaim Jean-Yves. "Modélisation de la bioaccumulation de métaux traces (Hg, Cd, Pb, Cu et Zn)chez la moule, MYTILUS GALLOPROVINCIALIS, en milieu méditerranéen." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009551.
Full textLAVRADAS, RAQUEL TEIXEIRA. "DETERMINATION OF METALS (CU, FE, ZN, PB, CD AND NI) IN TISSUES OF MARINE ORGANISMS FROM ILHA GRANDE BAY, RJ, BRAZIL." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2012. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=20536@1.
Full textCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
Neste estudo, foram determinadas as concentrações de Cu, Fe, Zn, Cd, Pb e Ni no tecido muscular e fígado de três espécies de peixe (Mugil liza – tainha, iliófago; Micropogonias furnieri – corvina, carnívoro e Trichiurus lepturus – peixe espada, piscívoro), no tecido muscular de uma espécie de camarão (Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis – camarão rosa, onívoro) e também, no tecido muscular, vísceras e ovos de uma espécie de siri (Callinectes spp. – siri azul, onívoro) coletados na Baía da Ilha Grande. As concentrações dos elementos foram determinadas por espectrometria de massa com fonte de plasma indutivamente acoplado (ICP-MS). A metodologia analítica apresentou ótima exatidão e precisão quando comparada com amostras certificadas (DORM-3 e TORT-2). As concentrações de Cu, Zn, Cd, Ni e Pb apresentaram-se abaixo dos limites estabelecidos pela legislação brasileira e americana para a ingestão humana de pescado. As maiores concentrações de Cu, Fe, Zn, Cd, Ni e Pb foram observadas nos crustáceos. Nos peixes, as maiores concentrações dos elementos analisados foram observadas no fígado, e no siri, nas vísceras. O sexo dos indivíduos não influenciou no acúmulo dos elementos para os peixes, porém influenciou na acumulação de Cu, Fe, Zn, Cd e Ni no siri. Nos peixes, a maioria dos elementos não apresentou correlação com o comprimento dos indivíduos, com exceção do Pb, que apresentou correlação negativa na tainha e na corvina, e do cádmio, que apresentou correlação negativa na corvina. Nos crustáceos, alguns elementos também apresentaram correlação negativa com estes parâmetros, indicando que, tanto nos peixes quanto nos crustáceos, estes elementos não foram acumulados ao longo do crescimento. As concentrações encontradas foram diferentes nas estações seca e chuvosa.
In this study the concentrations of Cu, Fe, Zn, Cd, Pb and Ni were determined in muscle tissue and liver of three fish species (Mugil liza – mullet, illiophagus; Micropogonias furnieri – croaker, carnivorous, and Trichiurus lepturus – cutlassfish, piscivore), in the muscle tissue of a shrimp species (Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis – pink shrimp, omnivore) and in muscle tissue, entrails and eggs of a soft crab (Callinectes spp. – siri azul, omnivore) sampled from the Ilha Grande Bay. The concentrations of the elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The methodology showed good accuracy and precision when tested with certified reference materials (DORM-3 and TORT-2). The concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cd, Ni and Pb were below the limits established by the Brazilian and American legislation for human ingestion of fish products. The highest concentrations of Cu, Fe, Zn, Pb, Cd and Ni were found in the crustacean samples. In fish, the highest concentrations were observed in the liver and, in the soft crab samples, in the entrails. Sex did not influence element accumulation in fish, but influenced the accumulation of Cu, Fe, Zn, Cd and Ni in the soft crab. In fish, most elements did not show any correlation to length and weight, with the exception of Pb, which showed negative correlations in mullet and croaker and Cd which showed negative correlations in croaker. In crustaceans, some elements also presented negative correlations to these parameters, indicating that both in fish and crustaceans these elements are not accumulated during organism growth. The concentrations of the elements analyzed were statistically different in the dry and rainy seasons.
Pozo, Hernández Juan Pablo. "Valutazione del rischio ambientale associato alla presenza di metalli pesanti (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) nei sedimenti della Pialassa dei Piomboni." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/6761/.
Full textSantos, Mellina Damasceno Rachid. "Avaliação de hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos e metais (Cu, Cd, Pb e Zn) em sedimentos do rio Paraibuna, Juiz de Fora, MG." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2014. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/4317.
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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
O sedimento possui uma grande importância ambiental devido a sua capacidade de adsorver e acumular substâncias tais como hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos (HPAs) e metais, os quais podem ser redissolvidos para a coluna d’água ou absorvidos pela biota. No presente trabalho determinou-se os níveis de concentração de HPAs e dos metais Cu, Cd, Pb e Zn em sedimentos superficiais do rio Paraibuna, em Juiz de Fora (MG). Foi proposta uma metodologia para determinação de HPAs em sedimentos de rio aplicando extração assistida por ultrassom e quantificação por GC/MS. Para otimizar o processo de extração de HPAs foram delineados experimentos através do planejamento Box-Behnken 33 com triplicata no ponto central, cujas variáveis estudadas foram proporção de n-hexano (n-HEX) e diclorometano (DCM) na mistura de solventes, volume desta mistura e tempo de sonicação. A condição ótima de extração selecionada através da metodologia de superfície de resposta consistiu em três etapas de sonicação de 15 minutos utilizando 10 mL de mistura de solventes composta por n-HEX/DCM (55:45). Esta condição foi avaliada pela percentagem de recuperação obtida através da extração do branco e amostra fortificados utilizando como mistura de solvente n-HEX/DCM (55:45) e n-HEX/acetona (55:45). Esta última foi selecionada por apresentar menor desvio padrão relativo e maior eficiência no processo de extração. Os valores de limites de detecção e quantificação variaram de 0,005 a 0,015 mg L-1 e de 0,016 a 0,050 mg L-1, respectivamente. Assim, a metodologia de extração e quantificação de HPAs desenvolvida foi aplicada em amostras de sedimento do rio Paraibuna, Juiz de Fora. As concentrações de HPAs totais variaram de 10,40 a 246,36 ng g-1 de peso seco, e as concentrações de HPAs prioritários variaram de 7,34 a 187,56 ng g-1 de peso seco. As relações Flu/Flu+Pir e InP/InP+BghiP indicaram uma introdução de origem pirolítica, seja por queima de combustível fóssil ou de biomassa. Para a determinação dos metais, as amostras de sedimento foram tratadas conforme o método de extração 3050B descrito pela EPA e analisadas por F AAS. As faixas de concentração encontradas foram de 4,95 a 40,20 µg g-1 peso seco para o Cu, de 1,84 a 4,99 µg g-1 peso seco para o Cd, de 4,41 a 40,04 µg g-1 peso seco para o Pb, e de 39,35 a 344,27 µg g-1 peso seco para o Zn. Algumas amostras de sedimento do rio Paraibuna apresentaram concentrações de Zn e Cd acima dos valores estabelecidos pela Agência Canadense de Proteção Ambiental com prováveis efeitos adversos à biota (PEL).
Sediments have a great environmental importance due to their ability to adsorb and accumulate substances such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and metals, which can be later redissolved to the water column or absorbed by the biota. In the present study, concentration levels of PAH and Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn metals were determined at surface sediments of the Paraibuna river, Juiz de Fora (MG). A method for the determination of PAHs at river sediments applying an ultrasound assisted extraction followed by GC/MS quantification, was proposed. Box Behnken 33 planning, with triplicates at the central point, was delineated in order to optimize the extraction process of PAHs, in which the proportion of n-hexane (n-HEX) and dichloromethane (DCM) at the solvents mixture, this mixture volume and sonication time were chosen as variables. The optimum extraction conditions, selected through a response surface methodology study, consisted in a three steps sonication for 15 minutes using a 10 mL solvent mixture, composed by n-HEX/DCM (55:45). This condition was evaluated by means of the recovery percentage obtained for the extraction of a spiked blank and sample using as solvent mixture n-HEX/DCM (55:45) and n-HEX/acetone (55:45). The n-HEX/acetone (55:45) mixture was chosen since it presented a lower relative standard deviation and a greater efficiency at the extraction process.Detection and quantitation limits values ranged from 0.005 mg L-1 to 0.015 mg L-1 and from 0.016 to 0.050 mg L-1, respectively.Thus, the extraction and quantification methodologies were then applied for PAHs at Paraibuna’s river sediment samples. The total PAH concentrations ranged from 10.40 to 246.36 ng g-1 of dry weight, and priority PAH concentrations ranged from 7.34 to 187.56 ng g-1 of dry weight. Flu/ Flu+Pyr and InP/InP+BghiP relationship indicated an introduction by pyrolytic origin, either by combustion of fossil fuel or biomass. For metals determination, sediment samples were treated by the 3050B extraction methodology, described by EPA, and then analyzed by F AAS. Concentration ranges between 4.95 to 40.20 µg g-1 of dry weight for Cu, 1.84 to 4.99 µg g-1 of dry weight for Cd, 4.41 to 40.04 µg g-1 of dry weight for Pb and 39.35 to 344.27 µg g-1 of dry weight for Zn, were obtained. Some Paraibuna river sediment samples showed Zn and Cd concentrations above the established values by the Canadian Environmental Protection Agency, with some probable adverse effects to the biota (PEL).
Silva, Juliana Cristina da. "Mobilidade de As, Cd, Mo, Pb e Zn em colunas de latossolo argiloso com cinza de carvão e contaminação do solo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85134/tde-10012014-153128/.
Full textSoil contamination has been an environmental and public health concern, once the man depends on its use to survive. Coal fly ash generated by coal burning in power plants is one source of soil contamination when it inadequately disposed. Toxic elements from coal fly ash, deposited on soil and exposed to rain, can be leached into the soil. In the soil these elements can be sorbed, transported to groundwater and surface water or even absorbed by plants, which can contaminate these environmental matrices. The aim of study was to evaluate the mobility of As, Cd, Mo, Pb and Zn in clayey oxisol columns with coal fly ash on top soil, and also evaluate if these elements retention leads to soil contamination. The columns were percolated by acidic solution, pH 4.5, to simulate rain water, in periods of 168 and 336 days. The elements concentration and physical, chemical and mineralogical characteristics were determined in coal fly ash, soil and column leachate samples. Lead was not leached from coal fly ash, therefore the soil and the column leachate were not contaminated by this element. The elements As, Cd, Mo and Zn were leached from coal fly ash and were not detected in leachate of soil, that means these elements were retained in soil. The Mo concentration was below the quantification limit of method. The As, Cd and Zn concentrations were compared with the CETESB guideline values established for soil. The majority of Zn detected in the soil came from the original soil used in the column preparation and this element concentration in soil was below the reference value (60 mg kg-1). Cadmium concentration in soil was above the reference value (<0.5 mg kg-1) and it was below the intervention value (3 mg kg-1). Arsenic in soil was above the intervention value (35 mg kg-1), so that was the most critical element by the environmental point of view.
SILVA, JULIANA C. da. "Mobilidade de As, Cd, Mo, Pb e Zn em colunas de latossolo argiloso com cinza de carvão e contaminação do solo." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2013. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10580.
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IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
Nascimento, Danielle Silva do. "Determinação simultânea de Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni, Co e Zn em etanol combustível por voltametria de redissolução adsortiva e calibração multivariada." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2013. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/7096.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
This study seeks to discuss the use of multivariate calibration techniques in the development of a methodology for simultaneous determination of Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni, Co and Zn at trace level using differential pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetry (DPAdSV). A hanging drop mercury electrode (HDME) was employed as working electrode. The calibration set was assembled by using a Brereton s design, performing 25 replicate mixtures. The different linear ranges were selected from univariate models, and verified using tests of lack of fit and significance by the ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) study. The studied ranges were Cu (0,30 3μg L-1), Pb (1 - 10μg L-1), Cd (0,5 - 5μg L-1), Ni (0,3 - 3μg L-1), Co (0,09 0,5μg L-1) e Zn (0,6 - 6μg L-1). The voltammograms were preprocessed with the algorithms AsLS (asymmetric least squares) and icoshift (interval-correlation-shifting) in order to perform baseline correction and peak alignment, respectively. The following multivariate calibration algorithms were evaluated: partial least-squares regression (PLS) and multiple linear regression with prior variable selection by successive projections algorithm (SPA-MLR). For the validation of the calibration models 10 mixtures with random concentration of each analyte were used, resulting in RMSEV between 0,03 and 0,86 g L-1. As an application of the developed method in the analysis of real samples, hydrated ethyl alcohol fuel (HEAF) was chosen as target matrix. The determination of inorganic contaminants in ethanol fuel samples is important to ensure product quality and pollution control due to release of toxic metals by burning the fuel. The validated models were satisfactorily tested in commercial samples of HEAF from different gas stations of João Pessoa, Brazil.
Resumo: Este trabalho visa avaliar o uso de técnicas de calibração multivariada no desenvolvimento de uma metodologia de determinação simultânea dos metais Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni, Co e Zn em nível-traço utilizando voltametria de pulso diferencial com redissolução adsortiva (DPAdSV). Foi empregado como eletrodo de trabalho um eletrodo de gota pendente de mercúrio (HDME). Para construção do conjunto de calibração aplicou-se um planejamento de calibração de Brereton, analisando-se 25 misturas em replicata. As faixas lineares de concentração foram obtidas dos modelos univariados e avaliados pelos testes de falta de ajuste e significância de regressão por meio da análise de variância (ANOVA). As seguintes faixas lineares de concentração foram utilizadas, Cu (0,30 3μg L-1), Pb (1 - 10μg L-1), Cd (0,5 - 5μg L-1), Ni (0,3 - 3μg L-1), Co (0,09 0,5μg L-1) e Zn (0,6 - 6μg L-1). O pré-processamento dos voltamogramas consistiu em uma correção da linha de base mediante o algoritmo AsLS (mínimos quadrados assimétricos). Posteriormente, os picos de redissolução de cada analito foram alinhados usando-se o algoritmo icoshift (otimização da correlação mediante deslocamento por intervalos). Foram empregados os seguintes algoritmos de calibração: regressão por mínimos quadrados parciais (PLS) e regressão linear múltipla com seleção prévia de variáveis pelo algoritmo das projeções sucessivas (SPA-MLR). Para a validação dos modelos de calibração foram empregadas 10 misturas com concentração aleatória de cada analito, obtendo-se RMSEV entre 0,03 e 0,86 μg L-1. Como aplicação do método desenvolvido na análise de amostras reais, foi escolhida a matriz álcool etílico hidratado combustível (AEHC). Os modelos validados foram testados satisfatoriamente em amostras comerciais de AEHC de diferentes postos de gasolina de João Pessoa- PB, Brasil.
Casas, Stellio. "Modélisation de la bioaccumulation de métaux traces (Hg, Cd, Pb, Cu et Zn)chez la moule, MYTILUS GALLOPROVINCIALIS, en milieu méditerranéen." Toulon, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009551.
Full textMonitoring coastal contamination of trace metals using bivalve molluscs as quantitative bioindicators is widely used in many international monitoring programs. The bioaccumulation of metal within an organism results from the interaction between physiological (growth, loss of weight, absorption, accumulation), chemical (metal concentration, speciation) and environmental factors (temperature, SPM, chlorophyll). For this purpose, modeling metal dynamics in mussels is a reliable tool. A bioaccumulation model has been coupled with a growth model (Dynamic Energy Budget model) in order to consider the changing physiological conditions of the mussel and their impact on metal concentration in tissue. To build and calibrate it, in situ experiments to measure uptake and elimination kinetics (6 and 3 months) were conducted at three Mediterranean sites. By combining environmental and biological data, it constitutes an optimised biomonitoring tool which can be applied to various coastal environments
Berthet, Brigitte. "Etudes in situ et experimentales du devenir de quelques elements metalliques (cd, pb, cu, zn) dans un ecosysteme de zone conchylicole." Rennes 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986REN10064.
Full textAnderson, Richard Hunter. "Soil Physical And Chemical Property Effects On Toxicity And Bioaccumulation Of As (V), Cd, Pb, And Zn By Herbaceous Plant Receptors." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1220465478.
Full textResongles, Eléonore. "Etude de la contamination par les métaux et métalloïdes d’origine minière sur le bassin des Gardons : approche élémentaire (As, Cd, Hg, Pb, Sb, Tl, Zn) et isotopique (Sb, Zn)." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20173/document.
Full textThe overall objective of this thesis was to improve understanding of the influence of former mining sites on metal (Cd, Hg, Tl, Pb, Zn) and metalloid (As, Sb) contamination of the downstream hydrosystem. A special care was given to antimony (Sb), its behavior in mining-impacted streams remains poorly known and its isotopic signature could be usefull to track sources and processes. The study site is the Gardon River watershed in the south-east of France which drains many abandoned mining sites (Pb, Zn, Sb, coal). Metal and metalloid enrichment was studied in current and historical sediments of the Gardon River watershed. A sedimentary archive was used to investigate past metal contamination history. The prevailing metal and metalloid sources in sediments were determined together with the potential mobility of these elements toward the aqueous phase. In addition, dissolved and particulate metal and metalloid concentration variations were studied during a flood event using a high temporal resolution sampling. Altogether, the results suggest that former mining sites of the Gardon River watershed contribute to metal and metalloid enrichment of the downstream hydrosystem, especially during floods. More specifically, antimony behavior was investigated in a tributary of the Gardon River which is impacted by acid mine drainage originating from the disused Carnoulès mine and antimony isotopic composition was determined in waters collected in the Gardon River watershed and in the Upper Orb River after developing a protocol for preconcentrating and purifying Sb. The results highlight the potential of antimony isotopes to track the origin of this element and the processes that it undergoes during its transfer in streams impacted by mine drainage
Berthet, Brigitte. "Etudes in situ et expérimentales du devenir de quelques éléments métalliques, Cd, Pb, Cu et Zn, dans un écosystème de zone conchylicole." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37595996m.
Full textBatifol, Françoise. "Les Métaux Cd, Cu, Pb et Zn dans les neige et glace antarctiques une contribution à la connaissance de leur cycle géochimique /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37602618k.
Full textLange, Camila Neves. "Contaminação do solo e mobilidade de As, Cd, Mo, Pb e Zn em colunas de solo franco arenoso com cinza de carvão." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85134/tde-24082012-140027/.
Full textToxic elements can cause impact on soil environmental quality and represent risks to human life. Coal ashes, considered as a source of toxic elements, are commonly disposed inadequately on the soil surface around thermoelectric plants, from where these elements can be transported to natural water sources or to be absorbed by plants, soil fauna and flora and consequently impact on food chain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the contamination of a sandy loam soil and the mobility of As, Cd, Mo Pb and Zn from coal fly ash of Figueira Power Plant. Experiments with columns of coal fly ash, soil and soil covered with ash were carried out to simulate contamination by acid leaching during 336 days and samples of ash, soil and leachate were characterized by the determination of elements concentration and chemical, mineralogical and physical properties. Results indicate that Pb was not was not released from fly ash on study conditions, providing evidence that Pb leaching does not pose a risk to the environment. Mo was leached from fly ash, but was not detected on soil and on leachate of soil+ash columns. In study conditions, Zn did not represent environmental concern. As exceeded the intervention value for maximum protection area established by the Environmental Protection Agency of the State of São Paulo (CETESB) and Cd did not exceed the quality reference value established by the same agency.
LANGE, CAMILA N. "Contaminação do solo e mobilidade de As, Cd, Mo, Pb e Zn em colunas de solo franco arenoso com cinza de carvão." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2012. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10123.
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Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
Favere, Valfredo Tadeu de. "Adsorção dos ions Cu (II), Cd (II), Ni (II), Pb (II) e Zn (II) pelo biopolimero quitina quitosana e pelas quitosanas modificadas." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 1994. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/76167.
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Quitina, quitosana e quitosanas modificadas com o ácido cetoglutárico, 3,4-dihidroxibenzaldeído e 8-hidroxiquinoleína foram empregadas para adsorver Cu(II), Cd(II), Ni(II), Pb(II) e Zn(II) em solução. A quitina, Iquitosana e as modificações químicas realizadas com a quitosana foram caracterizadas por espectroscopia de infravermelho, ressonância magnética nuclear de 13C e microanálise. O estudo das isotermas de adsorção foi realizado empregando o método de ajuste não linear para ajustar os dados de adsorção. O emprego de três modelos de isotermas de adsorção para reproduzir os dados experimentais, isto é, os modelo de Langmuir, Langmuir-Freudlich e de Toth foram os que proporcionaram os melhores ajustes dos dados. Os resultados mostraram que a quitosana modificada com ácido cetoglutárico e a quitosana modificada com 3,4-dihidroxibenzaldeído apresentaram os melhores resultados de adsorção.
Souza, Silveria Neves de Paula e. "Desenvolvimento de métodos analíticos para determinação de Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb e Zn em amostras de patês por espectrometria de absorção atômica." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/SFSA-9N8S5T.
Full textO primeiro capítulo desta tese contempla a comparação da sensibilidade, precisão, limite de detecção e limite de quantificação da Espectrometria de Absorção atômica com Chama - FAAS - operando nos modos monoelementar e sequencial. As determinações foram realizadas através do modo seqüencial devido aos menores tempo de análise e consumo de amostra. Em seguida, é apresentado o desenvolvimento e validação de método para a determinação de Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn em amostras de patês. Na decomposição das amostras de patês foram avaliadas três concentrações de HNO3: 3,5; 7,0 e 14 mol L-1 em associação com H2O2 30% v v-1. Para todas as amostras a concentração de Mn ficou abaixo do limite de quantificação a técnica. O método de decomposição empregando 3,5 mol L-1 de HNO3 e H2O2 30% v v-1 foi adotado devido à maior segurança, geração de resíduos menos ácidos e obtenção de menores valores de branco analítico. Na etapa de validação avaliou-se a linearidade, seletividade, precisão, veracidade, limites de detecção e limites de quantificação para Cu, Fe e Zn, ao nível de 95% de confiança. Os limites de detecção e quantificação determinados foram 1,1 e 3,4 mg kg-1 para Cu; 2,1 e 6,8 mg kg-1 para Fe; 0,7 e 2,4 mg kg-1 para Zn. O segundo capítulo abrange o desenvolvimento e otimização da determinação sequencial de Cd e Pb pela Espectrometria de Absorção Atômica com Forno Tubular na Chama e Aerossol Térmico - TS-FF-AAS. Foram avaliados 3 tubos atomizadores de Ni e 4 diferentes tempos de aquisição do sinal com o intuito de obter maiores sinais de absorbância, menores intervalos de tempo de delay e eliminação de efeitos de memória. Em seguida, foram avaliadas a linearidade, precisão e veracidade. Os limites de detecção e quantificação foram iguais a 0,05 e 1,41 mg kg-1 para Cd e 0,19 e 4,7 mg kg-1 para o Pb. Além disso, avaliou-se o uso de nanotubos de carbono (oxidados e não oxidados) em etapa de pré-concentração de Cd e Pb, havendo interferência dos constituintes da matriz na adsorção dos complexos de Cd-DDTP à mini-coluna preenchida com nanotubos de carbono.
Lebreton, Laurent. "Impact de la mise en suspension de sédiments urbains : évaluation expérimentale de la mobilité des métaux (Zn, Pb, Cu, Cd, Fe, Mn)." Paris 12, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA120059.
Full textGagneux-Moreaux, Sindy. "Les métaux (Cd, Cu, Pb et Zn) dans la production des microalgues sur différents milieux de culture : biodisponibilité, bioaccumulation et impact physiologique." Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT2081.
Full textThe quality and the productivity of microalgal cultures depend on different physico-chemical factors like salinity, pH, nutrient and trace element (including trace metals) concentration in the culture medium. During this doctoral study, the bioavailability of four metals for microalgae was tested in coastal seawater and several salt groundwaters. The bioavailability of a metal depends on its own total concentration as well as that of ligands in the medium, and on the relative affinity of each ligand towards the given metal. After a comparative study of the quality of algae grown in coastal seawater and salt groundwaters, the complexation capacities of these media were studied to allow a better understanding of the observed variations of metal bioaccumualtion in the produced microalgae. An experimental study with a new artificial medium (DAM) developed during our work allowed to put forward some hypotheses regarding the interspecific variations of metal bioaccumulation
Batifol, Françoise. "Les métaux Cd, Cu, Pb et Zn dans les neige et glace antarctiques : une contribution à la connaissance de leur cycle géochimique." Grenoble 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987GRE10015.
Full textGommy, Caroline. "Optimisation d'un schéma de spéciation des métaux Pb, Zn, Cd et Cu : application à des sols pollués du Nord de la France." Compiègne, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997COMP1067.
Full textThe moving down of metals towards underground water and their transfer to plants constitutes a risk for both environment and human health. The aim of this work was to value Pb, Zn, Cd and Cu metals potentiality of moving in the soils of an area polluted by atmospheric dusts. As the migration of metals depends on their physico-chemical forms, these ones are determined owing to selective chemical extractions of a speciation scheme. The study of a polluted area has required the seing up of a scheme which is both simple but fiull, anal appfies to differgpt pedologic soils. In this fine fractions scheme (exchangeable, acido-soluble, reducible, oxidable and. Residual) many operating paramètres were optimised (pH, concentration, temperature, time, solid/liquid ratio, number of extractions). The importance of the sequential extractions chain order (position of the oxidable fraction) and the importance of the parallel extractions were valued. A comparative study between Tessier et al. (1979) scheme and Referencing Community Bureau's one was carried out. Then this scheme was applied to the soils of the studied area. In these soils, the differences of pH, carbonate, organic matter and pollutant contents and redoxic characteristic allowed to value the behaviour of metals in various conditions
Borges, Júnior Meubles. "Distribuição e contaminação de Zn, Cd e Pb em perfis de solo e obtenção de valores de referência local no município de Vazante-MG." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2002. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/10776.
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Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar a distribuição e formas de ocorrência de Zn, Cd e Pb, tendo em vista identificar a origem de valores anômalos em amostras de solos, adjacentes às áreas mineradas da Companhia Mineira de Metais (CMM), no município de Vazante-MG. Objetivou-se, também, estabelecer valores de referência local (VRL) para estes metais nestas zonas mineralizadas, a fim de permitir uma avaliação da contaminação ambiental. Foram coletadas amostras de perfis de solo em remanescentes sobre a área mineralizada e a jusante e montante desta, nas profundidades de 0 a 2 cm, 2 a 5 cm, 5 a 10 cm, 10 a 20 cm, 20 a 50 cm, 50 a 100 cm e 100 a 150 cm. As concentrações de Zn, Cd e Pb foram obtidas para as formas: a) solúvel; b) trocável; c) associada a carbonatos; d) associada a óxidos amorfos; e) associada a óxidos cristalinos; f) associada a matéria orgânica; g) residual; e h) total. Foram determinadas, também, as concentrações desses elementos nas formas disponíveis (Mehlich-3 e DTPA). Os valores de referência local (VRL’s) foram obtidos considerando-se a média ponderada dos teores de Zn, Cd e Pb nas camadas de 0 a 20 cm dos perfis a montante. De posse desses valores calculou-se o fator de contaminação (F.C.) e o índice de geoacumulação (IGeo) para cada perfil. Verificou-se que os teores de Zn, Cd e Pb, de modo geral, são mais elevados nas áreas localizadas sobre a zona de mineralização, com solos mais jovens (Cambissolos e Neossolos), em relação àqueles perfis mais intemperizados (Latossolos e Argissolos), localizados à montante e a jusante do empreendimento. Os teores totais podem ser considerados extremamente elevados, principalmente para Zn e Cd. Mesmo considerando apenas os teores de Zn e Cd trocáveis e associados a matéria orgânica, obtêm-se valores superiores aos reportados, como teores totais encontrados naturalmente em solos. Há um padrão decrescente dos teores com a profundidade, principalmente para Zn e Cd, nos perfis localizados fora da área mineralizada (áreas a montante e jusante). Há um aumento dos teores de Zn em profundidade para o Cambissolo (perfil 2), e de Cd para os Cambissolos (perfis 2, 3, 4 e 5) localizados na zona de mineralização. Não há diferença significativa entre os teores médios de Zn, Cd e Pb das áreas à montante e à jusante, ao nível de 5% de significância, para todas as formas nas quais esses elementos encontram-se associados. Os valores de referência (VRL ́s) obtidos foram de 1.262 mg/kg para Zn; 4,75 mg/kg para Cd e 384 mg/kg para Pb. O VRL para Zn é inferior aos valores de intervenção (VI ́s) para as áreas industriais adotados no Estado de São Paulo, EUA e Canadá. Para o Cd o VRL é inferior aos VI’s adotados em São Paulo, para a área agrícola de proteção máxima e nos EUA e Canadá, para áreas residenciais. O VRL para Pb é inferior aos VI’s adotados em São Paulo, Alemanha, Canadá e EUA, para áreas residenciais. Os perfis das áreas mineralizadas apresentaram os maiores fatores de contaminação com destaque para o perfil 5 (área mineralizada em exploração). De acordo com o índice de geoacumulação (IGeo) os perfis de solo a jusante foram classificados como não poluídos a moderadamente poluídos.
This work was carried out to evaluate the distribution and forms of Zn, Cd and Pb, aiming to identify the origin of abnormal values in soils associated with mining areas of the CMM company, in Vazante (MG-Brazil). Also, it aimed to establish local reference values (LRV) for these elements based on total and available levels (Melich 3 and DTPA) and offer subsidies to environmental risk assessment. Soil profiles were samples in mined areas, at both upper and downslope at depths of 0-2, 2-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-50, 50-100 and 100-150 cm. The Zn, Cd and Pb concentrations were obtained for the following forms: (a) soluble; (b) exchangeable; (c) carbonate-associated; (d) associated with amorphous oxides; (e) associated with crystalline oxides; (f) organically bound; (g) residual and (h) total. It was also determined the concentration of available forms of these elements (Melich-3 and DTPA). The LRV’s were obtained by the mean of Zn, Cd and Pb levels at 0-20 cm soils at upslope position. Based on the LRV, the contamination factor (C.F.) and the geo-accumulation index were calculated for xiiieach profile. Overall, the levels of Zn, Cd and Pb were higher in younger soils of the mineralized zone in relation to deeply weathered soils, at both upslope and downslope from the mine plant. The total levels are extremely high, specialy for Zn and Cd. Even when only the exchangeable and organically bound forms of Zn and Cd are considered, the values are much higher than those reported by Alloway, considering the naturally occurring levels in soils. There is a decreasing trend with depth, mostly for Zn and Cd, in soils outside the mineralized area (at both up and downslope positions). There is an increase in the Zn levels with depth in the Cambisol (P2), and also for Cd (P2, P3, P8, P9), in the mined area. There is no significant difference between mean values of Zn, Cd and Pb at upslope and downslope, at 5% significance. The LRV’s obtained were 1.662 mg/kg for Zn; 4,75 mg/kg for Cd and 384 mg/kg for Pb. The LRV for Zn is lower than the IV’s adopted in São Paulo for agricultural areas at maximum protection and lower than those adopted in the USA and in Canada for residential areas. The LRV for Pb is lower than the IV’s adopted in São Paulo, USA, Canada and Germany for residential areas. The profiles of the mineralized area, specially P9 (mining area), presented higher CF’s. Based on the geo-accumulation index (IGeo), the profiles positioned dowslope were classified as moderately contaminated to not contaminated.
Pihan, François Gomot Lucien. "Caractérisation de mollusques gastéropodes terrestres en tant que bioindicateurs de la contamination polymétallique (Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Zn, Cu, Cd et Pb)." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/2001/Pihan.Francois.SMZ0139.pdf.
Full textRoméo, Michèle. "Contribution à la connaissance des métaux traces (Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, Zn) dans l'écosystème marin au niveau du plancton : approches analytiques et expérimentales." Nice, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985NICE4050.
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