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1
Adedayo, Sosina. "Need Assessment of Farmers in Crop-Livestock Production Systems in Ido Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria." International Journal of Agricultural Extension 7, no. 2 (August 30, 2019): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/ijae.007.02.2730.
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Agricultural projects and programmes funded by governments and donor agencies often failed to achieve the desired set objective(s) at the system levels. The study tries to assess the existing production practices with a view of coming up with a consensus farmer need in a crop-livestock production system at Ido Local Government Area (LGA). The study used a three-stage-sampling technique to elicit information from 225 respondents. Ido Local Government Area was purposively selected for the study. Three cells were randomly selected for the research, three villages were randomly selected in each cell and twenty-five farmers were selected using the snowball selection technique. The data obtained from the Participatory Rural Appraisal were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The pairwise ranking tool helped in determining the importance of the identified problems from the FGD in the study area. The researcher identified the following problems (Pb) from the focus group discussion; inadequate capital for livestock production (Pb1), poor housing for livestock (Pb2), inadequate nutrition for livestock (Pb3), diseases of crops (Pb4), livestock and predatory attack on crops (Pb5). The pairwise comparison of percentage of Pb1 versus (vs) Pb2 was 80/20%, Pb1 vs Pb3 was 68/32%, Pb1 vs Pb4 was 80/20%, Pb1 vs Pb5 was 12/88%, Pb2 vs Pb3 was 68/32%, Pb2 vs Pb4 was 20/80%, Pb2 vs Pb5 was 20/80%, Pb3 vs Pb4 was 32/68%, Pb3 vs Pb5 was 20/80%, vs Pb4 vs Pb5 was 20/80% respectively. The ultimate farmers’ problem in crop-livestock production systems (CLPS) that needs immediate intervention and technical assistance was inadequate capital as perceived from the responses of the farmers.
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Mendoza-Wilson, Ana María, and René Renato Balandrán-Quintana. "Effect of Constituent Units, Type of Interflavan Bond, and Conformation on the Antioxidant Properties of Procyanidin Dimers: A Computational Outlook." Journal of Chemistry 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3535148.
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Procyanidin (PC) dimers are powerful antioxidants, abundant in plant tissues, and also bioavailable. However, the role of the molecular structure of PCs on their antioxidant properties is still a controversial and not fully understood issue that needs to be addressed in a more specific way. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of the constituent units, type of interflavan bond, and conformation on the antioxidant properties of PC dimers including PB3, PB4, PB5, PB6, PB7, and PB8, using the density functional theory (DFT) computational method. The analysis was performed in function of parameters that allow determining the ability of the molecules to transfer or to capture electrons, among which the chemical potential, bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE), gap energy, Fukui indices, and charge distribution of HOMO-LUMO orbitals. The factors that showed the most notable effects on the antioxidant properties of the PC dimers were the type of interflavan bond and the conformation. The antioxidant ability of the dimers PB3 and PB4 containing the interflavan bond C4–C8, in their Compact conformation, was very similar to each other but greater than those of dimers PB5, PB6, PB7, and PB8 containing the C4–C6 interflavan bond. PB8 showed the lowest antioxidant ability.
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Lin, Peter H., Debra Leslie, Mary Levine, Garth Davis, and Caldwell Esselstyn. "Plant-Based Diet Reverses Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease." International Journal of Disease Reversal and Prevention 2, no. 1 (January 27, 2020): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22230/ijdrp.2020v2n1a53.
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OBJECtIVE: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is characterized by impaired arterial circulation to the extremities caused in part by atherosclerosis. This study examined the effect of a plant-based diet (PBD) on vascular function in PAD patients.METHODs: Patients with PaD were randomized to plant-based dietary intervention (PBD group, n = 24) or no specific dietary advice (control group, n = 28). Biochemical parameters, including lipid profile and inflammatory biomarkers, and nitric oxide were measured at baseline and 4 months after dietary intervention. Vascular function including brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD), carotid intima-media thickness(IMT), carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), and brachial-ankle PWV were measured at baseline and 4 months after dietary intervention.RESULTS: Biochemical parameters were similar at baseline between the 2 groups. There was no change in any of the biochemical parameters in the control group at 4 months. However, patients in the PBD group had a significant improvement in lipid profile, including total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and apolipoprotein a1 (APO-A1) levels. Greater nitric oxide and reduced high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels were found in the PBD group at 4 months, whereas there were no changes in the control group. at baseline, FMD was similar between the 2 groups. after 4 months, PBD participants showed significant endothelial function improvement in FMD response and arterial stiffness response, with increased carotid-femoral and brachial-ankle PWV compared to the control group.
 CONCLUSIONS: A plant-based diet improves vascular endothelial function in PaD patients following 4 months of dietary intervention. This dietary intervention can result in decreased serum cholesterol and inflammatory biomarkers, which may further enhance vascular endothelial function.
 KEYWORDS: Plant-based diet; Vascular endothelial function; Flow-mediated dilation; Brachial artery reactivity test
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Sosina, A. O., and O. J. Babayemi. "Assessment of farmers' needs in Ibarapa East Local Government area of Oyo State, Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 47, no. 5 (December 31, 2020): 92–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v47i5.1352.
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Government and non-government organizations (NGOs) interventions to local farmers in the recent past had not yielded the desired result because these interventions were not tailored towards the needs of farmers. However, most information on the needs of target farmers have been very scanty thus, the need to use a bottom top approach to assess farmers' needs in Ibarapa East, Oyo state. A three-stage sampling technique was used to purposively select about 225 respondents. Parameters measured were household characteristics, farm sizes, farm labor availability, seasonal pattern and need to be assessed using a participatory rural appraisal approach comprising of focus group discussion (FGD) and structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed descriptively and the need assessed using the pair-wise ranking and simple matrix. Of challenges listed in FDG among crop-livestock farmers, only five (5) were prioritized as follows; wastage of agricultural products (Pb1), bad road network (Pb2), high cost of agricultural inputs (Pb3), lack of potable water (Pb4) and animal invasion (Pb5). The pairwise comparison of the percentage of Pb1 versus (vs.) Pb2 was 80/20%, Pb1 vs. Pb3 was 90/10%, Pb1 vs. Pb4 was 70/30%, Pb1 vs. Pb5 was 20/80%, Pb2 vs. Pb3 was 70/30%, Pb2 vs Pb4 was 30/70%, Pb2 vs. Pb5 was 10/90%, Pb3 vs. Pb4 was 20/80%, Pb3 vs. Pb5 was 10/90%, vs. Pb4 vs Pb5 was 30/70%, respectively. There were proffered solutions to the problem(s) itemized by the FGD. The animal invasion was ranked highest as farmers' need assessed for possible intervention in Ibarapa East. Governments and NGO funds should be addressing animal invasion for desirable project impact assessment. Les interventions des gouvernements et des organisations non gouvernementales (ONG) auprès des agriculteurs locaux dans un passé récent n'avaient pas donné le résultat souhaité car ces interventions n'étaient pas adaptées aux besoins des agriculteurs. Cependant, la plupart des informations sur les besoins des agriculteurs cibles ont été très rares, ce qui nécessite d'utiliser une approche ascendante pour évaluer les besoins des agriculteurs de l'est d'Ibarapa, dans l'État d'Oyo. Une technique d'échantillonnage en trois étapes a été utilisée pour sélectionner environ 225 répondants. Les paramètres mesurés étaient les caractéristiques des ménages, la taille des exploitations, la disponibilité de la main-d'oeuvre agricole, le profil saisonnier. Ils doivent être évalués à l'aide d'une approche d'évaluation rurale participative comprenant des discussions de groupe et un questionnaire structuré. Les données ont été analysées de manière descriptive et le besoin évalué en utilisant le classement par paires et une matrice simple. Parmi les défis énumérés dans le 'FDG' chez les agriculteurs et les éleveurs, seuls cinq (5) ont été classés comme suit; gaspillage des produits agricoles (le 'Pb' 1), mauvais réseau routier (le 'Pb' 2), coût élevé des intrants agricoles (le 'Pb' 3), manque d'eau potable (le 'Pb' 4) et invasion animale (le 'Pb' 5). La comparaison par paire du pourcentage de 'Pb' 1 versus (vs) 'Pb' 2 était de 80/20%, Pb1 vs Pb3 était de 90/10%, Pb1 vs Pb4 était de 70/30%, Pb1 vs Pb5 était de 20/80% Pb2 vs Pb3 était de 70/30%, le 'Pb' 2 vs le 'Pb4' était de 30/70%, le 'Pb' 2 vs le 'Pb' 5 était de 10/90%, le 'Pb' 3 vs. le 'Pb' 4 était de 20/80%, le 'Pb' 3 vs. le 'Pb' 5 etaient 10/90%,vs le 'Pb' 4 vs le 'Pb'5 était respectivement de 30/70%. Des solutions ont été proposées au (x) problème (s) détaillé (s) par le FGD. L'invasion animale a été classée au premier rang des besoins des agriculteurs évalués pour une éventuelle intervention à l'Estd'Ibarapa. Les gouvernements et les fonds d'ONG devraient s'attaquer à l'invasion animale pour une évaluation de l'impact souhaitable du projet.
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Liu, Chang, Jian-Wen Lu, Zhao-Qing Du, Xue-Min Liu, Yi Lv, and Xu-Feng Zhang. "Association of Preoperative Biliary Drainage with Postoperative Morbidity after Pancreaticoduodenectomy." Gastroenterology Research and Practice 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/796893.
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Background. The advantages or disadvantages of preoperative biliary drainage (PBD) prior to pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) remain unclear.Methods. A prospectively maintained database was queried for 335 consecutive patients undergoing standard PD surgery between 2009 and 2013. Clinical data and postoperative complications of the 47 patients receiving PBD and 288 patients with early surgery were compared. A matching analysis was also performed between patients receiving or not receiving PBD (no-PBD).Results. The indication for PBD was severe obstructive jaundice (81%) and cholangitis (26%) at the time of PBD. 47 PBD patients had higher bilirubin level than 288 no-PBD patients preoperatively (363.2 μmol/L versus 136.0 μmol/L,p<0.001). Although no significant difference of any complications could be observed between the two groups, positive intraoperative bile culture and wound infection seemed to be moderately increased in PBD compared to no-PBD patients (p=0.084and 0.183, resp.). In the matched-pair comparison, the incidence of wound infection was three times higher in PBD than no-PBD patients (14.9% versus 4.3%,p=0.080).Conclusions. PBD seems to moderately increase the risk of postoperative wound and bile duct infection. Therefore, PBD should be selectively performed prior to PD.
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Medici, Elphee, Winston J. Craig, and Ian Rowland. "A Comprehensive Analysis of the Nutritional Composition of Plant-Based Drinks and Yogurt Alternatives in Europe." Nutrients 15, no. 15 (July 31, 2023): 3415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15153415.
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Concerns for human and planetary health have led to a shift towards healthier plant-based diets. Plant-based dairy alternatives (PBDA) have experienced exponential market growth due to their lower environmental impact compared to dairy products. However, questions have arisen regarding their suitability as dairy substitutes and their role in food-based dietary guidelines (FBDG). Our study aimed to analyse the nutritional profiles of leading PBDA across Europe and compare them with their dairy counterparts. We examined the nutritional profiles of 309 unflavoured PBDA representing the European market leaders, including 249 plant-based drinks (PBD) and 52 plant-based alternatives to yogurt (PBAY). PBD and PBAY, excluding coconut varieties, were low in saturated fat (<1 g per serving). Seventy percent of PBDA were unsweetened, and most had sugar levels comparable to dairy. Except for soya varieties, PBDA protein levels were lower than dairy. Organic PBDA lacked micronutrients due to legal restrictions on fortification. Among non-organic PBDA, 76% were fortified with calcium, 66% with vitamin D, and 60% with vitamin B12. Less than half were fortified with vitamin B2, and a few with iodine (11%) and vitamin A (6%). PBAY were less frequently fortified compared to PBD. PBDA displayed a favourable macronutrient profile despite lower protein levels, which would be compensated for by other protein-dense foods in a usual mixed diet. Enhancing fortification consistency with dairy-associated micronutrients would address concerns regarding PBDA’s integration into FBDG. Our analysis supports the inclusion of fortified PBDA in environmentally sustainable FBDG for healthy populations.
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Donfrancesco, Renato, Michela Di Trani, Elda Andriola, Daniela Leone, Maria G. Torrioli, Francesca Passarelli, and Melissa P. DelBello. "Bipolar Disorder in Children With ADHD: A Clinical Sample Study." Journal of Attention Disorders 21, no. 9 (July 11, 2014): 715–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087054714539999.
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Objective: To explore the impact of early-onset bipolar disorder (pediatric bipolar disorder [PBD]) on ADHD. Method: We compared ADHD symptom severity, ADHD subtype distribution, and rates of comorbid and familial psychiatric disorders between 49 ADHD children with comorbid PBD and 320 ADHD children without PBD. Results: Children with ADHD and PBD showed higher scores in the Hyperactive and Inattentive subscales of the ADHD Rating Scale, than children with ADHD alone. The frequency of combined subtype was significantly higher in ADHD children with PBD, than in those with ADHD alone. ADHD children with PBD showed a higher rate of familial psychiatric disorders than ADHD children without PBD. The rate of conduct disorder was significantly greater in children with PBD and ADHD compared with children with ADHD alone. Conclusion: ADHD along with PBD presents with several characteristics that distinguish it from ADHD alone, suggesting that these may be distinct disorders.
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Cordeiro, Mara L., Antonio C. Farias, Peter C. Whybrow, Erico P. G. Felden, Alexandre Cunha, Vilmar da Veiga, Cássia R. Benko, and James T. McCracken. "Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve Analysis of Screening Tools for Bipolar Disorder Comorbid With ADHD in Schoolchildren." Journal of Attention Disorders 24, no. 10 (December 29, 2015): 1403–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087054715620897.
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Objective: We compared Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL)-AAA (Attention Problems, Aggressive Behavior, and Anxious/Depressed) and Parent–Young Mania Rating Scale (P-YMRS) profiles in Brazilian children with ADHD, pediatric-onset bipolar disorder (PBD), and PBD + ADHD. Method: Following analyses of variance or Kruskal–Wallis tests with multiple-comparison Least Significant Difference (LSD) or Dunn’s Tests, thresholds were determined by Mann–Whitney U Tests and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) plots. Results: Relative to ADHD, PBD and PBD + ADHD groups scored higher on the Anxious/Depressed, Thought Problems, Rule-Breaking, and Aggressive Behavior subscales and Conduct/Delinquency Diagnostic Scale of the CBCL; all three had similar attention problems. The PBD and PBD + ADHD groups scored higher than the ADHD and healthy control (HC) groups on all CBCL problem scales. The AAA-profile ROC had good diagnostic prediction of PBD + ADHD. PBD and PBD-ADHD were associated with (similarly) elevated P-YMRS scores. Conclusion: The CBCL-PBD and P-YMRS can be used to screen for manic behavior and assist in differential diagnosis.
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Ferguson, Lindsay, Sanjib Bhakta, Keith R. Fox, Geoff Wells, and Federico Brucoli. "Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of a Novel C8-Pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) Adenosine Conjugate. A Study on the Role of the PBD Ring in the Biological Activity of PBD-Conjugates." Molecules 25, no. 5 (March 10, 2020): 1243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25051243.
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Here we sought to evaluate the contribution of the PBD unit to the biological activity of PBD-conjugates and, to this end, an adenosine nucleoside was attached to the PBD A-ring C8 position. A convergent approach was successfully adopted for the synthesis of a novel C8-linked pyrrolo(2,1-c)(1,4)benzodiazepine(PBD)-adenosine(ADN) hybrid. The PBD and adenosine (ADN) moieties were synthesized separately and then linked through a pentynyl linker. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a PBD connected to a nucleoside. Surprisingly, the compound showed no cytotoxicity against murine cells and was inactive against Mycobacterium aurum and M. bovis strains and did not bind to guanine-containing DNA sequences, as shown by DNase I footprinting experiments. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the PBD–ADN conjugate was poorly accommodated in the DNA minor groove of two DNA sequences containing the AGA-PBD binding motif, with the adenosine moiety of the ligand preventing the covalent binding of the PBD unit to the guanine amino group of the DNA duplex. These interesting findings shed further light on the ability of the substituents attached at the C8 position of PBDs to affect and modulate the biological and biophysical properties of PBD hybrids.
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Shi, Jishu, Guolong Zhang, Hua Wu, Christopher Ross, Frank Blecha та Tomas Ganz. "Porcine Epithelial β-Defensin 1 Is Expressed in the Dorsal Tongue at Antimicrobial Concentrations". Infection and Immunity 67, № 6 (1 червня 1999): 3121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.67.6.3121-3127.1999.
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ABSTRACT Epithelial cells and phagocytes contain antimicrobial polypeptides that participate in innate host defense. A recently cloned porcine β-defensin, PBD-1, was detected by Northern organ blots exclusively in the tongue epithelium. We generated recombinant PBD-1 peptide by using a baculovirus-insect cell expression system and obtained two forms (PBD-142 and PBD-138), which differed by N-terminal truncation. Only PBD-142 was found in scrapings of the surface of the dorsal tongue or the buccal mucosa. Immunohistochemical staining with antibody to PBD-142revealed that PBD-1 was highly concentrated in an ∼0.1-mm-thick layer in the cornified tips of the filiform (but not fungiform) papillae of the dorsal tongue and in the superficial squamous cell layers of the buccal mucosa. By scraping, extraction, and semiquantitative Western blotting, the concentration of PBD-1 in the dorsal tongue surface and the buccal mucosa was estimated at 20 to 100 μg/ml. PBD-1 had antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli,Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, and Candida albicans in 10 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.4). Added NaCl progressively inhibited the activity of PBD-1 againstE. coli and C. albicans. In 10 mM sodium phosphate with 125 mM NaCl, the combinations of sublethal concentrations of PBD-1 and the porcine neutrophil peptide PG-3, PR-39, or PR-26 showed synergistic activity against E. coli or the multidrug-resistant S. typhimurium DT104. At its physiologic concentration, PBD-1 has antimicrobial effects under both low- and high-salt conditions encountered in the oral cavity and may contribute to the antimicrobial barrier properties of the dorsal tongue and oral epithelium.
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URBONIENĖ, Ramunė, Loreta KELPŠAITĖ, and Ingrida BORISENKO. "VEGETATION IMPACT ON THE DUNE STABILITY AND FORMATION ON THE LITHUANIAN COAST OF THE BALTIC SEA." JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT 23, no. 3 (September 29, 2015): 230–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16486897.2015.1009079.
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The aim of this study was to estimate vegetation coverage impact on the sandy beach and protective beach dune ridge (PBD) formation. Studies of the Lithuanian Baltic Sea coastal morphometric parameters and vegetation coverage projection were carried out from 1999 to 2011. In order to evaluate the dependence of the beach and the PBD morphometric parameters on the projection of vegetation coverage changes, correlation analyses were performed. A very strong link between vegetation projection coverage of the PBD top and beach width and incline of the eastern slope of PBD, and western slope vegetation projection coverage with the incline of the western slope of PBD were observed. A strong correlation relationship was observed between vegetation projection coverage of the PBD top and width of the PBD top. A medium relationship was noted between vegetation projection coverage of the PBD top with the width of the eastern slope. A negative relationship was noticed between the PBD western slope vegetation projection coverage and beach width. It may be admitted that the projection coverage of vegetation may be used as PBD’s parameter of stability as well as in the implementation of integrated coastal zone management.
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Zvinowanda, Douglas, Chengedzai Mafini, and John D. Beneke. "Racial diversity in South African corporate boards and shareholder value creation: A decadal study." International Journal of Management and Sustainability 14, no. 2 (April 23, 2025): 392–416. https://doi.org/10.18488/11.v14i2.4193.
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This study investigates the influence of board racial diversity (BRD) on shareholder value creation (SVC) of 95 non-financial companies listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) from 2013 to 2022. The study employed a quantitative quasi-experimental method. The fixed effects model (FEM) was used to test the hypotheses. The results of linear FEM revealed that standard market value added was negatively influenced by the proportion of black directors (PBD), the Blau index for board racial diversity(BI_BRD) and dummies for skewed board (SB), tilted (TB) and balanced board (BB), while positively impacted by dummies for one Black director (BD1), two Black directors (BD2) and three or more Black directors (BD3). The market-to-book ratio was negatively influenced by BI_BRD and SB while positively impacted by PBD, BD1, BD2, BD3, TB and BB. Similarly, Tobin’s Q was negatively affected by PBD, BI_BRD, BD3, SB, TB and BB while positively impacted by BD1 and BD2. The curvilinear quadratic results of FEM revealed that PBD and BI_BRD positively impacted all SVC measures while PBD2 and BI_BRD2 negatively impacted all SVC measures, highlighting an inverted U-shaped effect. Thus, the results revealed that BRD has a double-edged sword effect in creating and maximising shareholder value.
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Arumugham, Kalai Selvan. "KURIKULUM, PENGAJARAN DAN PENTAKSIRAN DARI PERSPEKTIF PELAKSANAAN PENTAKSIRAN BILIK DARJAH." Asian People Journal (APJ) 3, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 152–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.37231/apj.2020.3.1.175.
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Abstract: Classroom assessment (PBD) is introduced with the purpose of assessing and measuring the holistic development of a student's learning. PBD needs to be implemented to ensure that students develop an interest and enjoyment of learning. The burden of examination has been fully reduced to ensure that student character building can be carried out from standard one until three. This research is conducted to understand how primary school teachers in Malaysia implement PBD. The main aspects that been researched is on how teachers are integrating curriculum, teaching and assessment and the second is on how teachers are implementing PBD. Researcher has chosen to use a qualitative approach because this research aims to explore and understand in-depth on how teachers are implementing PBD. Ten teachers were selected to obtain data on the implementation of PBD. Researcher conducted interviews and observations during the data collection process. The findings were reported based on themes generated from the data obtained. Three themes have been developed to explain how teachers integrate curriculum, teaching and assessment as well as implementing PBD. The themes can also explain in detail the process of implementing PBD among these teachers. Ideally, teachers would still need ongoing supervision and guidance to ensure that they can understand and realize the implementation of PBD as required. This research also shows that there are still some gaps that policymakers need to fill in to ensure that the goals of the implementation could be achieved.
 Keywords: Curriculum, Teaching, Classroom Assessment, Assessment
 
 Abstrak : Pentaksiran Bilik Darjah (PBD) diperkenalkan dengan tujuan untuk menilai dan mengukur perkembangan pembelajaran seseorang murid secara holistik. PBD perlu dilaksanakan untuk memastikan murid-murid dapat memupuk minat dan keseronokkan untuk belajar. Bebanan peperiksaan telah dikurangkan sepenuhnya untuk memastikan pembinaan karakter murid dapat dilakukan sepanjang tempoh murid-murid ini berada di tahun satu hingga tiga. Penyelidikan ini dijalankan untuk memahami cara guru-guru sekolah rendah di Malaysia melaksanakan PBD. Aspek utama yang dilihat ialah cara guru-guru menghubungkaitkan kurikulum, pengajaran dan pentaksiran dan yang kedua ialah cara guru-guru melaksanakan PBD. Penyelidik telah memilih untuk menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif kerana penyelidikan ini berhasrat untuk meneroka dan memahami cara guru-guru melaksanakan PBD. Seramai sepuluh orang guru telah dipilih secara persampelan bertujuan untuk mendapatkan maklumat tentang pelaksanaan PBD. Penyelidik telah melakukan temu bual dan pemerhatian untuk proses pengumpulan data. Dapatan telah dilaporkan berdasarkan tema-tema yang dihasilkan berdasarkan data yang telah dikumpulkan. Tiga tema telah diperoleh untuk menjelaskan cara guru-guru menghubungkaitkan kurikulum, pengajaran dan pentaksiran serta melaksanakan PBD. Tema-tema itu juga dapat menjelaskan secara terperinci tentang proses pelaksanaan PBD dalam kalangan guru-guru yang dipilih. Secara idealnya para guru didapati masih memerlukan pemantauan dan bimbingan yang berterusan untuk memastikan mereka dapat memahami dan menzahiri cara pelaksanaan PBD seperti yang dihasratkan. Penyelidikan ini juga dapat menunjukkan bahawa masih terdapat beberapa lompang yang perlu diisi oleh pihak penggubal dasar untuk memastikan hasrat pelaksanaan PBD dapat dicapai sepenuhnya.
 Kata Kunci: Kurikulum, Pengajaran, Pentaksiran Bilik Darjah, Pentaksiran
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Sriussadaporn, Suvit, Sukanya Sriussadaporn, Rattaplee Pak-art, Kritaya Kritayakirana, Supparerk Prichayudh, Pasurachate Samorn, and Natawat Narueponjirakul. "Outcomes of pancreaticoduodenectomy in patients with obstructive jaundice with and without preoperative biliary drainage: a retrospective observational study." Asian Biomedicine 12, no. 5 (October 1, 2019): 237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/abm-2019-0025.
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Abstract Background Preoperative biliary drainage (PBD) in patients with obstructive jaundice from periampullary neoplasms may reduce the untoward effects of biliary obstruction and subsequent postoperative complications. However, PBD is associated with bile contamination and increases infectious complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). Objectives To determine whether PBD is associated with more complications after PD. Methods Patients with obstructive jaundice from periampullary lesions who underwent PD from 2000 to 2015 at our institution were retrospectively enrolled. The cohort was divided into a group with PBD and a group without. PBD was performed using one of the following methods: endoprosthesis, percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage, surgical biliary-enteric bypass, or T-tube choledochostomy. PDs were performed by the first author using uniform surgical techniques. Postoperative complications were recorded. Statistical analyses were conducted using an unpaired t, Fisher exact, or chi-squared tests as appropriate. Results There were 26 with PBD and 28 patients without. Patients in the 2 groups were similar in age, presenting serum bilirubin level, operative time, operative blood transfusion, and hospital stay. The group with PBD had longer duration of jaundice, more patients presenting with cholangitis, and more patients with carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater. The overall complications were higher in patients in the group with PBD than in the group without. Conclusions PBD was associated with more complications overall after PD. However, PBD was necessary and lifesaving in certain clinical situations and improved the condition of patients before they underwent PD. Routine PBD in patients with obstructive jaundice without definite indications is not recommended.
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Park, Sunmin. "A Causal and Inverse Relationship between Plant-Based Diet Intake and in a Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study." Foods 12, no. 3 (January 26, 2023): 545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12030545.
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A plant-based diet (PBD) has been reported to be linked to metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk in observational studies, but not in causal association studies. We aimed to examine the hypothesis that high PBD exhibited a causal and inverse association with MetS and its components using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR). PBD was clustered according to food intake, which was assessed by semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires using a principal component analysis. The instrumental variables were generated using the genome-wide association study (GWAS) of a High-PBD group (≥67th percentiles) after adjusting for the covariates related to MetS, with a significance level of p < 5 × 10−5 and linkage disequilibrium (r2 < 0.001), in a city hospital-based cohort (n = 58,701). The causal association of the PBD intake with MetS risk was examined with a two-sample MR approach in the rural plus Ansan/Ansung cohorts (n = 13,598). The High-PBD group showed higher energy, fat, protein, cholesterol, fiber, sodium, calcium, vitamin C and D, and flavonoid intake than the Low-PBD group. The High-PBD group showed a lower risk of MetS, waist circumference, hyperglycemia, hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia, and hypertriglyceridemia using an inverse-variance weighted method (p < 0.05). Low-PBD intake significantly elevated only waist circumference in weighted-median analysis (p < 0.05). No heterogeneity, horizontal pleiotropy, or single genetic variant influenced the causal relationship. In conclusion, low PBD appeared to be causally positively related to MetS risk and its components, but not hypertension. Therefore, Korean-style PBD may be beneficial for decreasing MetS risk in Asian adults.
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Primus, Velerie Wheelervon, and Musirin Mosin. "Pengurusan Pentaksiran Bilik Darjah Murid Berkeperluan Khas dalam Program Pendidikan Inklusif di Sekolah Rendah." Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH) 6, no. 8 (August 10, 2021): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v6i8.903.
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Pentaksiran bilik darjah (PBD) merupakan satu transformasi kurikulum semasa dalam landskap pentaksiran pendidikan negara. Pendekatan utama dalam PBD ialah pentaksiran untuk pembelajaran dan pentaksiran sebagai pembelajaran. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk meneroka pengurusan perancangan PBD Murid Berkeperluan Khas (MBK) dalam Program Pendidikan Inklusif (PPI) sekolah rendah. Reka bentuk kajian ini adalah secara kajian kes yang menggunakan kaedah kualitatif. Empat orang guru di empat buah sekolah yang terlibat dalam mengendalikan PBD dipilih secara purposive sampling sebagai peserta kajian. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa terdapat tiga belas sub tema yang muncul dalam pengurusan perancangan pentaksiran dan pengurusan strategi mentaksir MBK PPI. Kajian ini adalah signifikan dengan keperluan semasa pendidikan negara yang sedang melalui fasa transformasi kurikulum dan pentaksiran. Pengurusan PBD oleh guru selaku pelaksana utama dasar amat penting dalam menjamin kualiti PBD dalam kalangan MBK PPI. Keberhasilan dan kemenjadian MBK PPI dalam pengurusan PBD yang terancang serta pengajaran dan pembelajaran dapat dikesan dapat memberi peluang kepada MBK PPI untuk mendapat kesamarataan dalam pembelajaran. Dapatan kajian ini juga telah memberi garis panduan kepada guru untuk mengurus dan merancang PBD MBK PPI.
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Passarotti, Alessandra M., Jacklynn M. Fitzgerald, John A. Sweeney, and Mani N. Pavuluri. "Negative Emotion Interference During a Synonym Matching Task in Pediatric Bipolar Disorder with and without Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 19, no. 5 (February 11, 2013): 601–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135561771300012x.
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AbstractThis study examined whether processing of emotional words impairs cognitive performance in acutely ill patients with pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD), with or without comorbid attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), relative to healthy controls (HC). Forty youths with PBD without ADHD, 20 youths with PBD and ADHD, and 29 HC (mean age = 12.97 ± 3.13) performed a Synonym Matching task, where they decided which of two probe words was the synonym of a target word. The three words presented on each trial all had the same emotional valence, which could be negative, positive, or neutral. Relative to HC both PBD groups exhibited worse accuracy for emotional words relative to neutral ones. This effect was greater with negative words and observed regardless of whether PBD patients had comorbid ADHD. In the PBD group without ADHD, manic symptoms correlated negatively with accuracy for negative words, and positively with reaction time (RT) for all word types. Our findings suggest a greater disruptive effect of emotional valence in both PBD groups relative to HC, reflecting the adverse effect of altered emotion processing on cognitive function in PBD. Future studies including an ADHD group will help clarify how ADHD symptoms may affect emotional interference independently of PBD. (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–12)
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Zammarchi, Francesca, Simon Corbett, Lauren Adams, Maria Mellinas-Gomez, Peter Tyrer, Sandamali Dissanayake, Simone Sims, et al. "hLL2-Cys-PBD, a New Site-Specifically Conjugated, Pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) Dimer-Based Antibody Drug Conjugate (ADC) Targeting CD22-Expressing B-Cell Malignancies." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 4176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.4176.4176.
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Abstract We previously described the development of hLL2-PBD, an ADC composed of the humanized monoclonal antibody epratuzumab (hLL2) against human CD22, stochastically conjugated to SG3249, a cathepsin B-cleavable valine-alanine PBD payload. SG3249, also known as tesirine, is a potent and clinically validated PBD payload currently being employed in the clinic in three ADCs: the CD25-targeted ADCT-301, the CD19-targeted ADCT-402, both for the treatment of lymphoma and leukemia, and the DDL3-targeted rovalpituzumab tesirine for the treatment of small cell lung cancer. hLL2-PBD demonstrated potent and specific in vitro and in vivo activity in the CD22-positive human Burkitt's lymphoma-derived cell lines Ramos, Daudi and WSU-DLCL2. Here, we describe the development and pre-clinical characterization of hLL2-cys-PBD, an ADC composed of an engineered version of epratuzumab (hLL2-cys), site-specifically conjugated to the PBD payload tesirine. The average drug to antibody ratio of hLL2-cys-PBD is 1.74. In vitro, hLL2-cys-PBD showed potent and specific cytoxtoxic activity against a panel of CD22-expressing human lymphoma cell lines, including Ramos, Daudi, WSU-DLCL2 and SU-DHL-4. Moreover, hLL2-cys-PBD was efficiently internalized by CD22-expressing cells and, consistent with the proposed mode of action of PBD dimer warheads, it induced DNA inter-strand cross-linking after a two hour exposure period, as measured by the modified single cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay. In contrast, a non-CD22-targeted, site-specific, PBD-containing control ADC did not yield appreciable DNA cross-links. In vivo, hLL2-PBD showed potent, dose-dependent, and durable anti-tumor activity in subcutaneously implanted Ramos and WSU-DLCL2 xenograft models. In the Ramos model, a single dose of hLL2-cys-PBD at 1 mg/kg induced complete regression (CR) in all ten treated mice, with 9/10 tumor free survivors (TFS) at the end of the study on day 60. In the WSU-DLCL2 model, a single dose of hLL2-cys-PBD at 3 mg/kg resulted in 3/10 partial regression, 7/10 CR and 2/10 TFS at the end of the study on day 60. The toxicity of hLL2-cys-PBD was evaluated in rat (single dose study) and in cynomolgus monkey (repeat dose study). In rat, hLL2-cys-PBD was well tolerated at 2 mg/kg. In cynomolgus monkey, hLL2-cys-PBD elicited the expected rapid B-cell depletion and it was well tolerated at 0.6 mg/kg. Together, these data demonstrate that hLL2-cys-PBD has potent anti-tumor activity against CD22-expressing hematological tumors and warrants further development of this ADC into the clinic. Disclosures Zammarchi: ADC Therapeutics: Employment. Corbett:ADC Therapeutics: Research Funding. Adams:Medimmune: Employment. Mellinas-Gomez:Medimmune: Employment. Tyrer:Medimmune: Employment. Dissanayake:ADC Therapeutics: Employment. Sims:ADC Therapeutics: Employment. Havenith:ADC Therapeutics: Employment. Chivers:ADC Therapeutics: Employment. Willimas:MedImmune: Employment. Howard:MedImmune/ ADC Therapeutics: Employment, Equity Ownership, Patents & Royalties. Hartley:Spirogen Ltd/ADC Therapeutics: Employment, Equity Ownership, Research Funding. van Berkel:ADC Therapeutics: Employment, Equity Ownership, Patents & Royalties.
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Varlashkin, P. G., M. J. D. Low, G. A. Parodi, and C. Morterra. "A Comparison of FT-IR/PA and FT-IR/PBD Spectra of Powders." Applied Spectroscopy 40, no. 5 (July 1986): 636–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702864508539.
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FT-IR photoacoustic (PA) and also photothermal beam deflection (PBD) spectra were recorded with the same particulate samples (graphite, charcoal, aspirin, and silica) under the same conditions in order to compare the quality of the spectra obtainable with the two techniques. A PA cell fitted with windows for the PBD laser probe beam was used, and PA and PBD spectra of each sample were recorded at 8 cm−1 resolution at each of the four different interferometer scan velocities. Although the overall aspects of FT-IR/PA and FT-IR/PBD spectra are the same, the signal-to-noise ratios of PA spectra are appreciably better than those of PBD spectra because PBD detection is more prone to disturbance by vibration than is PA detection. Absorption bands appear at the same wavenumbers in PA and PBD spectra. However, the relative intensities of bands of PBD spectra depend on the absorptive properties of the powdered solids; with weak absorbers, some bands may not be detected at all. PAS can be used with all powders. PBDS is of little or no use for the examination of weakly absorbing powders unless they scatter IR radiation extensively.
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Cavanaugh, Sarah M., Ryan P. Cavanaugh, Gregory E. Gilbert, Elena L. Leavitt, Jennifer K. Ketzis, and Aline B. Vieira. "Short-term amino acid, clinicopathologic, and echocardiographic findings in healthy dogs fed a commercial plant-based diet." PLOS ONE 16, no. 10 (October 12, 2021): e0258044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258044.
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Consumer demand for commercially prepared plant-based (PB) dog food is increasing, but studies evaluating the short- or long-term effects of PB diets on canine health are lacking. The objective of this study was to assess the short-term amino acid (AA), clinicopathologic, and echocardiographic findings in 34 client-owned dogs fed a commercial extruded plant-based diet (PBD) in which pea protein was the primary protein source and 4 control dogs fed a commercial extruded traditional diet (TD). Plasma AA and whole blood taurine concentrations were measured in dogs at baseline and after 4 weeks on the PBD or the TD. Hematologic, serum biochemical, and echocardiographic testing were performed at baseline and after 12 weeks on the PBD or the TD. Four dogs in the PBD group did not complete the study. All essential AAs, except methionine, were higher in dogs after 4 weeks on the PBD compared to baseline. Taurine (plasma and whole blood) was also higher after 4 weeks on the PBD compared to baseline. A meaningful difference was detected in whole blood taurine between the PBD group and the control group at 4 weeks (P = .026) with the PBD group being higher. Median hematologic and biochemical results for the PBD group were within normal limits at baseline and at 12 weeks. In the PBD group, left ventricular internal diastolic dimension (LVIDd, P = < .001) and normalized LVIDd (P = .031) were higher 12 weeks post-PBD compared to baseline. There were no meaningful differences in left ventricular internal systolic dimension (LVIDs), normalized LVIDs, or fractional shortening 12 weeks post-PBD. There was no statistical evidence of difference between the 2 groups of dogs for any of the echocardiographic parameters at baseline or at 12 weeks. Essential AA or taurine deficiency was not observed in this cohort of dogs fed a commercial extruded PBD. Additionally, clinically relevant hematologic, serum biochemical and echocardiographic alterations were not detected. Further research is required to determine if long-term static feeding of PB diets can meet and maintain AA and other nutrient targets in dogs.
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Varlashkin, P. G., and M. J. D. Low. "FT-IR Photothermal Beam Deflection Spectroscopy of Solids Submerged in Liquids." Applied Spectroscopy 40, no. 8 (November 1986): 1170–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702864507783.
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FT-IR photothermal beam deflection (PBD) spectra were recorded of solids submerged in liquid CCl4 and in C2Cl4. Some PBD effects are described. Submerging the sample leads to PBD signals 40 times larger than those found with the sample in air, but the signal-to-noise ratio of FT-IR/PBD spectra is only increased by a factor of ten. Certain aspects of the technique and its utility are discussed.
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Huang, Jing, Antian Wang, Chao Huang, Yufan Sun, Bingxiao Song, Rui Zhou, and Lu Li. "Generation of Marker-Free pbd-2 Knock-in Pigs Using the CRISPR/Cas9 and Cre/loxP Systems." Genes 11, no. 8 (August 18, 2020): 951. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11080951.
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Porcine β-defensin 2 (PBD-2), expressed by different tissues of pigs, is a multifunctional cationic peptide with antimicrobial, immunomodulatory and growth-promoting abilities. As the latest generation of genome-editing tool, CRISPR/Cas9 system makes it possible to enhance the expression of PBD-2 in pigs by site-specific knock-in of pbd-2 gene into the pig genome. In this study, we aimed to generate marker-free pbd-2 knock-in pigs using the CRISPR/Cas9 and Cre/loxP systems. Two copies of pbd-2 gene linked by a T2A sequence were inserted into the porcine Rosa26 locus through CRISPR/Cas9-mediated homology-directed repair. The floxed selectable marker gene neoR, used for G418 screening of positive cell clones, was removed by cell-penetrating Cre recombinase with a recombination efficiency of 48.3%. Cloned piglets were produced via somatic cell nuclear transfer and correct insertion of pbd-2 genes was confirmed by PCR and Southern blot. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence analyses indicated that expression levels of PBD-2 in different tissues of transgenic (TG) piglets were significantly higher than those of their wild-type (WT) littermates. Bactericidal assays demonstrated that there was a significant increase in the antimicrobial properties of the cell culture supernatants of porcine ear fibroblasts from the TG pigs in comparison to those from the WT pigs. Altogether, our study improved the protein expression level of PBD-2 in pigs by site-specific integration of pbd-2 into the pig genome, which not only provided an effective pig model to study the anti-infection mechanisms of PBD-2 but also a promising genetic material for the breeding of disease-resistant pigs.
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Kanbayti, Ibrahem, Judith Akwo, Akwa Erim, Ekaete Ukpong, and Ernest Ekpo. "Mammographic Breast Density at Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Breast Cancer-Specific Survival." Diagnostics 14, no. 21 (October 25, 2024): 2382. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14212382.
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Background: Breast density impacts upon breast cancer risk and recurrence, but its influence on breast cancer-specific survival is unclear. This study examines the influence of mammographic breast density (MBD) at diagnosis on breast cancer-specific survival. Methods: The data of 224 patients diagnosed with breast cancer were analyzed. Two area-based MBD measurement tools—AutoDensity and LIBRA—were used to measure MBD via a mammogram of the contralateral breast acquired at the time of diagnosis. These patients were split into two groups based on their percent breast density (PBD): high (PBD ≥ 20%) versus low (PBD < 20%). Breast cancer-specific survival in each of these PBD groups was assessed at a median follow-up of 34 months using Kaplan–Meier analysis and the Cox proportional hazards model. Results: The proportion of women with low PBD who died from breast cancer was significantly higher than that seen with high PBD (p = 0.01). The 5-year breast cancer-specific survival was poorer among women with low PBD than those with high PBD (0.348; 95% CI: 0.13–0.94) vs. 0.87; 95% CI: (0.8–0.96); p < 0.001)]. Women with higher breast density demonstrated longer survival regardless of the method of PBD measurement: LIBRA [log-rank test (Mantel–Cox): 9.4; p = 0.002)]; AutoDensity [log-rank test (Mantel–Cox) 7.6; p = 0.006]. Multivariate analysis also demonstrated that there was a higher risk of breast cancer-related deaths in women with low PBD (adjusted HR: 5.167; 95% CI: 1.974–13.521; p = 0.001). Conclusion: Women with <20% breast density at breast cancer diagnosis demonstrate poor survival regarding the disease. The impact of breast density on survival is not influenced by the method of measurement.
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Biscotti, Paola, Massimiliano Tucci, Donato Angelino, Valentina Vinelli, Nicoletta Pellegrini, Cristian Del Bo’, Patrizia Riso, and Daniela Martini. "Effects of Replacing Cow’s Milk with Plant-Based Beverages on Potential Nutrient Intake in Sustainable Healthy Dietary Patterns: A Case Study." Nutrients 16, no. 18 (September 13, 2024): 3083. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu16183083.
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More consumers are replacing cow’s milk (CM) with plant-based drinks (PBD), but data indicating the nutritional impact are limited. This theoretical study aims to assess the effect of substituting CM with PBD sold in Italy on nutrient intake within two dietary patterns: one aligned with the EAT-Lancet Commission reference diet adapted to Italian food habits (EAT-IT) and another one in line with the Italian Dietary Guidelines (IDG). Nutrition information from 368 PBD were collected and categorized according to their descriptive name and their fortification or not with calcium (Ca- and nCa-fortified). The substitution of CM with each PBD category in both dietary patterns was conducted, and an analysis of nutrient content and adequacy was performed. Substituting CM with all PBD resulted in reduced protein intake, except for nCa-fortified soy drinks, decreased saturated fat and vitamins B2 and B12, and increased fiber intake. Replacing CM with nCa-fortified PBD within both diets decreased Ca intake. Following the substitution of CM with Ca-fortified PBD, variations in vitamin D intake depended on the PBD category. The main risk of nutritional inadequacy was observed in Ca and vitamin D levels, which may even be amplified considering the different bioavailability based on the source of nutrients. This study highlighted the important role of CM in meeting calcium requirements and the potential unintended consequences of substituting CM with PBD without considering their nutritional differences.
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Bu, Fei, Nengmin Wang, Qi Jiang, and Xiang Tian. "Research on Privacy-by-Design Behavioural Decision-Making of Information Engineers Considering Perceived Work Risk." Systems 12, no. 7 (July 11, 2024): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/systems12070250.
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Privacy by design (PbD) has attracted considerable attention from researchers and information security experts due to its enormous potential for protecting private information and improving the privacy and security quality of information technology products. The adoption of PbD among information engineers is currently limited owing to its innovativeness and the distinctive traits of the information technology industry. Utilising the Technology Acceptance Model as a framework, this study innovatively explores the pivotal factors and mechanisms that influence information engineers’ decision-making in the adoption of PbD from the viewpoint of the perceived work risk. In this empirical research, professional information engineers were invited to complete a questionnaire survey. After analysing the data using partial least squares structural equation modelling, the results reveal that information engineers’ perceived work risk in PbD (PWRP) negatively affects their perceptions of the usefulness and ease of use of PbD. This negative perception subsequently reduces their intention to implement PbD (INTP) and adversely impacts their attitudes towards implementing PbD (ATTP). Furthermore, the study findings reveal that a positive ATTP among engineers boosts their INTP and positively influences their behaviours regarding information security. This study provides an in-depth examination of these findings and lays a solid theoretical groundwork for the further promotion and implementation of PbD in information technology enterprises. Moreover, the findings offer invaluable support for management decisions in both information technology companies and information security regulatory authorities, significantly contributing to the expansion and deepening of research in the field of PbD.
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Mintziras, Ioannis, Elisabeth Maurer, Veit Kanngiesser, Michael Lohoff, and Detlef K. Bartsch. "Preoperative Bacterobilia Is an Independent Risk Factor of SSIs after Partial PD." Digestive Surgery 37, no. 5 (2020): 428–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000508127.
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Introduction: The impact of bacterobilia on postoperative surgical and infectious complications after partial pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is still a matter of debate. Methods: All patients undergoing PD with and without a preoperative biliary drainage (PBD) with complete information regarding microbial bile colonization were included. Logistic regression was applied to assess the influence of bacterobilia on postoperative outcome. Results: One hundred seventy patients were retrospectively analysed. Clinically relevant postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo ≥ III) occurred in 40 (23.5%) patients, clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistulas in 29 (17.1%) patients, and surgical site infections (SSIs) in 16 (9.4%) patients. Thirty-seven of 39 (94.9%) patients with PBD and 33 of 131 (25.2%) patients without PBD had positive bile cultures (p < 0.001). A polymicrobial bile colonization was reported in 9 of 33 (27.3%) patients without PBD and 27 of 37 (73%) patients with PBD (p < 0.001). Resistance to ampicillin-sulbactam was shown in 26 of 37 (70.3%) patients with PBD and 12 of 33 (36.4%) patients without PBD (p = 0.001). PBD (OR 0.015, 95% CI 0.003–0.07, p < 0.001) and male sex (OR 3.286, 95% CI 1.441–7.492, p = 0.005) were independent predictors of bacterobilia in the multivariable analysis. Bacterobilia was the only independent predictor of SSIs in the multivariable analysis (OR 0.143, 95% CI 0.038–0.535, p = 0.004). Conclusions: Patients with a PBD show significantly higher rates of bacterobilia, polymicrobial bile colonization, and resistance to ampicillin-sulbactam. Bacterobilia is an independent predictor of SSI after PD.
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Zhao, Xue Zhi, Kohei Tsuji, David Hymel, and Terrence R. Burke. "Development of Highly Selective 1,2,3-Triazole-containing Peptidic Polo-like Kinase 1 Polo-box Domain-binding Inhibitors." Molecules 24, no. 8 (April 16, 2019): 1488. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24081488.
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Members of the polo-like kinase (Plk) family of serine/threonine protein kinases play crucial roles in cell cycle regulation and proliferation. Of the five Plks (Plk1–5), Plk1 is recognized as an anticancer drug target. Plk1 contains multiple structural components that are important for its proper biological function. These include an N-terminal catalytic domain and a C-terminal non-catalytic polo-box domain (PBD). The PBD binds to phosphothreonine (pT) and phosphoserine-containing sequences. Blocking PBD-dependent interactions offers a potential means of down-regulating Plk1 function that is distinct from targeting its ATP-binding site. Previously, we demonstrated by tethering alkylphenyl chains from the N(π)-position of the His residue in the 5-mer PLHSpT, that we were able to access a hydrophobic “cryptic” binding pocket on the surface of the PBD, and in so doing enhance binding affinities by approximately 1000-fold. More recently, we optimized these PBD-ligand interactions using an oxime ligation-based strategy. Herein, using azide-alkyne cycloaddition reactions, we explore new triazole-containing PBD-binding antagonists. Some of these ligands retain the high PBD-binding affinity of the parent peptide, while showing desirable enhanced selectivity for the PBD of Plk1 relative to the PBDs of Plk2 and Plk3.
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Cao, Weifang, Haoran Chen, Qing Jiao, Dong Cui, Yongxin Guo, Weijia Gao, Jianfeng Qiu, Linyan Su, and Guangming Lu. "Altered Functional Integration in the Salience and Default Mode Networks in Euthymic Pediatric Bipolar Disorder." Neural Plasticity 2020 (October 9, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5853701.
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Accumulating studies demonstrate emotional and cognitive dysregulation in the euthymic period of pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD). However, the relative contribution of functional integration in human brain to disturbed emotion and cognitive function in the euthymic PBD patients remains unclear. In this study, 16 euthymic PBD patients and 16 healthy controls underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. A data-driven functional connectivity analysis was used to investigate functional connectivity changes of the euthymic PBD. Compared with healthy controls, the euthymic PBD exhibited greater global functional connectivity density in the left anterior insula and lower global functional connectivity density in the right temporoparietal junction, the left angular gyrus, and the bilateral occipital lobule. A distant functional connectivity analysis demonstrated altered integration within the salience and default mode networks in euthymic PBD. Correlation analysis found that altered functional connectivity of the salience network was related to the reduced performance in the backward digit span test, and altered functional connectivity of the default mode network was related to the Young Mania Rating Scale in euthymic PBD patients. Our findings indicated that disturbed functional integration in salience and default mode networks might shed light on the physiopathology associated with emotional and cognitive dysregulation in PBD.
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Nir, Moira Marx, and Robert E. Cohen. "Blends of Crystallizable Polybutadiene Isomers." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 66, no. 2 (May 1, 1993): 295–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3538313.
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Abstract Precipitated blends of two crystallizable polybutadiene (PBD) isomers were characterized in terms of crystallization and phase behavior, morphology, and tensile mechanical properties. The isomers are syndiotactic 1,2 PBD (Mv=32.5 kg/mol) and trans 1,4 PBD (Mv=425 kg/mol). The blends exhibit heterogeneous behavior over the full range of composition. Using a solvent precipitation method, blends are obtained with heterogeneity on the order of 1 µm. Tensile properties of these semicrystalline blends are generally intermediate between those of the corresponding semicrystalline homopolymers, with some enhancement at approximately 10% 1,2 PBD content. Comparisons are made with previously reported data on amorphous PBD blends.
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Primus, Velerie Wheelervon, and Musirin Mosin. "Strategi Pengurusan Evidens Pentaksiran Bilik Darjah Murid Berkeperluan Khas dalam Program Inklusif Sekolah Rendah." Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH) 6, no. 9 (September 10, 2021): 282–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v6i9.1026.
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Kajian ini bertujuan untuk meneroka Strategi Pengurusan Evidens Pentaksiran Bilik Darjah Bagi Murid Masalah Pembelajaran dalam Program Pendidikan Inklusif di sekolah rendah. Surat siaran KPM bilangan 14, 2018 menyatakan pemansuhan amalan peperiksaan pertengahan dan akhir tahun bagi murid tahap 1, telah dimansuhkan bermula 2018. Peperiksaan yang sebelum ini dijalankan telah digantikan dengan sistem pentaksiran yang lebih objektif (LPM, 2018). Murid masalah pembelajaran dalam program inklusif juga tidak terkecuali daripada sistem pentaksiran yang baharu ini. Namun demikian, pelaksanaan program inklusif ini menimbulkan masalah guru di kelas perdana untuk menjalankan pentaksiran antara murid perdana dengan murid berkeperluan khas. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk meneroka strategi pengurusan perancangan PBD Murid Berkeperluan Khas (MBK) dalam Program Pendidikan Inklusif (PPI) sekolah rendah. Reka bentuk kajian ini adalah menggunakan kaedah kajian kes yang menggunakan kaedah kualitatif. Empat orang guru iaitu guru akademik, guru panitia, guru penyelaras PBD dan guru besar yang terlibat dalam mengurus dan mengendalikan PBD dipilih secara purposive sampling sebagai peserta kajian. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa setiap peserta kajian menunjukkan strategi pengurusan PBD mengikut bidang tugas masing-masing. Kajian ini juga membentuk satu kitaran pengurusan yang sistematik untuk memastikan pengurusan PBD murid inklusif di laksanakan mengikut buku garis panduan PBD edisi 2018. Kajian ini adalah signifikan dengan keperluan semasa pendidikan negara yang sedang melalui fasa transformasi kurikulum dan pentaksiran. Pengurusan PBD oleh organisasi sekolah selaku pelaksana utama dasar amat penting dalam menjamin kualiti PBD dalam kalangan MBK PPI. Keberhasilan dan kemenjadian MBK PPI dalam pengurusan PBD yang terancang serta pengajaran dan pembelajaran dapat dikesan dapat memberi peluang kepada MBK PPI untuk mendapat kesamarataan dalam pembelajaran. Dapatan kajian ini juga telah memberi garis panduan kepada guru dan organisasi sekolah untuk mengurus dan merancang PBD MBK PPI di sekolah rendah.
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Okabe, Hirohisa. "Clinical impact of preoperative biliary drainage on postoperataive complications in pancreaticoduodenectomy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2019): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.4_suppl.302.
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302 Background: Biliary drainage is sometimes necessary for patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) because of tumor invasion to the biliary tract. The current study aims to explore the clinical impact of preoperative biliary drainage (PBD) on postoperative complication in PD. Methods: One hundred sixty-six patients who underwent PD from 2012–2017 were enrolled in this study. Clinical impact of PBD on clinical course was examined. Results: There were 66 patients (40%) undergoing PBD. Patients with PBD showed significantly higher infection rate of bile juice collected at surgery (p < 0.0001) and contamination rate of ascites collected from intraperitoneal drain on postoperative day 3 (POD3) (p < 0.0001) than patients without PBD. Severe postoperative complication (Clavien Dindo ≥ IIIB)was associated with contaminated ascites on POD3 (p = 0.031), but not with PBD. Among patients with PBD, fifty-two patients (79%) received preoperative ERBD. Infection of bile juice at surgery was not associated with the procedure of PBD (ERBD, ENBD or PTCD), but correlated with the duration of drainage. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that patients with PBD for more than 28 days occurs contamination of bile juice at surgery. Among patients with both the contaminated bile juice at operation and the contaminated ascites on POD3 (n = 24), both were consistent in 19 patients (79%). Although Enterococcus faecalis was the most species seen in their bile juice, patients with the contamination of other species of Enterobacter (36%) and Streptococcus (2%) showed higher severe postoperative complication rate than others (p = 0.049). Conclusions: PBD was not directly associated with severe postoperative complication, but the duration of drainage for > 28 days was correlated with contamination of the bile juice. Contaminated ascites on POD3 caused by infectious bile juice at surgery was an only factor associated with severe postoperative complications and therefore needs careful management of the drain removal and selection of antibiotics after surgery.
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Marnizam, Fara Izzati, and Siti Rahaimah Ali. "Evaluation of The Implementation of Classroom Assessment (PBD) Among Primary School Mathematics Teachers." Jurnal Pendidikan Sains dan Matemaitk Malaysia 11, no. 2 (May 30, 2021): 81–94. https://doi.org/10.37134/jpsmm.vol11.2.7.2021.
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Pentaksiran Bilik Darjah (PBD) or Classroom Assessment was introduced to ensure a holistic assessment is established towards the pupils and not focusing solely on examination. This research is carried out to evaluate the implementation of PBD among Mathematics teachers in some primary schools in Gombak District, Selangor. This research consists of two research objectives. The CIPP Evaluation Model is used as the research framework which consists of context evaluation, input, process and product. The research sample are from 114 primary school Mathematics teachers from Gombak District and they were chosen based on a purposive sample from eight primary schools involved. The interview used was adapted from past researchers which comprises five constructs with value of Alpha Cronbach 0.929. The quantitative data analysis which is reported by using descriptive analysis shown that all the components of the CIPP Evaluation Model displayed high values; for cascading and mastering the PBD for Mathematics teachers (min=4.23, SP=0.600), PBD readiness of Mathematics teachers (min=4.28, SP=0.502), PBD planning and implementation of Mathematics teachers (min=4.17, SP=0.527), PBD acceptance of Mathematics teachers (min=4.11, SP=0.565) and PBD constraints of Mathematics teachers (min= 4.30, SP= 0.621). Overall, the result of the study indicates that the evaluation of the implementation of PBD among Mathematics teachers is at a high level. There are five suggestions proposed by the researcher so as to fulfill the goals of the implementation of PBD by Mathematics teachers at schools. Among the implications of the study is to some extent has contributed a collection of studies related to assessment based on research findings that can provide enlightenment and follow -up action to improve the existing PBD system and become one of the more accurate information for policy makers' evaluation.
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Shim, Sojin, Jan Unkelbach, Anna Landsmann, and Andreas Boss. "Quantitative Study on the Breast Density and the Volume of the Mammary Gland According to the Patient’s Age and Breast Quadrant." Diagnostics 13, no. 21 (October 30, 2023): 3343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13213343.
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Objectives: Breast density is considered an independent risk factor for the development of breast cancer. This study aimed to quantitatively assess the percent breast density (PBD) and the mammary glands volume (MGV) according to the patient’s age and breast quadrant. We propose a regression model to estimate PBD and MGV as a function of the patient’s age. Methods: The breast composition in 1027 spiral breast CT (BCT) datasets without soft tissue masses, calcifications, or implants from 517 women (57 ± 8 years) were segmented. The breast tissue volume (BTV), MGV, and PBD of the breasts were measured in the entire breast and each of the four quadrants. The three breast composition features were analyzed in the seven age groups, from 40 to 74 years in 5-year intervals. A logarithmic model was fitted to the BTV, and a multiplicative inverse model to the MGV and PBD as a function of age was established using a least-squares method. Results: The BTV increased from 545 ± 345 to 676 ± 412 cm3, and the MGV and PBD decreased from 111 ± 164 to 57 ± 43 cm3 and from 21 ± 21 to 11 ± 9%, respectively, from the youngest to the oldest group (p < 0.05). The average PBD over all ages were 14 ± 13%. The regression models could predict the BTV, MGV, and PBD based on the patient’s age with residual standard errors of 386 cm3, 67 cm3, and 13%, respectively. The reduction in MGV and PBD in each quadrant followed the ones in the entire breast. Conclusions: The PBD and MGV computed from BCT examinations provide important information for breast cancer risk assessment in women. The study quantified the breast mammary gland reduction and density decrease over the entire breast. It established mathematical models to estimate the breast composition features—BTV, MGV, and PBD, as a function of the patient’s age.
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Jiao, W., Q. Ma, X. Lv, A. Shan та Z. Li. "Gene expression and tissue distribution of β-defensins in Chinese Min pigs and Landrace pigs". Czech Journal of Animal Science 62, No. 4 (1 квітня 2017): 178–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/84/2015-cjas.
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β-Defensins are a major group of mammalian antimicrobial peptides and play an important role in innate and adaptive immunity due to their antimicrobial, chemotactic, and regulatory activities. In this study, the tissue distribution of porcine β-defensin (pBD-1, pBD-2, and pBD-3) gene expression was determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction in 14-day-old Chinese Min pigs and Landrace pigs. The results showed that in the two breeds, pBD-1 and pBD-2 were primarily expressed in the tongue and kidney, respectively. The pBD-3 genes in Min pigs and Landrace pigs were abundant in the heart and tongue respectively. The mRNA expression levels of the three peptide genes in most tissues were much higher in Min pigs than in Landrace pigs. Collectively, higher defensin gene expressions were observed in some organs and tissues of Min pigs, presumably related to their higher resistance to disease.
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Fazlollahi, Narges, Amir Anushiravani, Maryam Rahmati, Mohammad Amani, Hossein Asl-Soleimani, Melineh Markarian, Alice Chu Jiang, and Javad Mikaeli. "Safety and Efficacy of Graded Gradual Pneumatic Balloon Dilation in Idiopathic Achalasia Patients: A 24-Year Single-Center Experience." Archives of Iranian Medicine 24, no. 12 (December 1, 2021): 862–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/aim.2021.129.
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Background: Pneumatic balloon dilation (PBD) is a first line treatment for idiopathic achalasia. Here we report the safety and efficacy of graded gradual PBD on short and long-term follow-up. Methods: We evaluated 1370 idiopathic achalasia patients over a period of 24 years (1994-2018), prospectively. 216 patients did not undergo PBD due to comorbid diseases. Ultimately, 1092 achalasia patients were enrolled. All patients underwent graded gradual PBD, with repeat dilation if symptoms relapsed. Response to treatment was evaluated by Vantrappen scoring system. Results: Of 1092 achalasia patients, 937 patients were treated by PBD and 155 patients were treated by combined therapy (PBD 1 month after Botulinum toxin injection). In short-term follow-up, 728 of 1092 patients underwent one PBD and 77.3% of them had excellent or good response (responders), 163 patients (58.6%) who underwent two PBDs were responders, and 44 (51.2%) patients who underwent three PBDs were responders. Overall, 2193 balloon dilations were performed on 1092 patients (mean 2 PBDs/patient). Of 786 patients with long-term follow-up, 259 patients had excellent or good response with one PBD. The responders with two, three, and four or more dilations were 149, 67, and 67, respectively. The overall response rate was 69%. No any serious complications were noted by using the graded gradual method. Conclusion: Our results show that graded gradual PBD is a safe and effective method for treatment of achalasia patients, and achieves sufficient short and long-term symptomatic remission with high cumulative success rate.
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Lee, Dong-Kyun, Hyeongrae Lee, Vin Ryu, Sung-Wan Kim, and Seunghyong Ryu. "Different patterns of white matter microstructural alterations between psychotic and non-psychotic bipolar disorder." PLOS ONE 17, no. 3 (March 18, 2022): e0265671. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265671.
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This study aimed to investigate alterations in white matter (WM) microstructure in patients with psychotic and non-psychotic bipolar disorder (PBD and NPBD, respectively). We used 3T-magnetic resonance imaging to examine 29 PBD, 23 NPBD, and 65 healthy control (HC) subjects. Using tract-based spatial statistics for diffusion tensor imaging data, we compared fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusion (MD) pairwise among the PBD, NPBD, and HC groups. We found several WM areas of decreased FA or increased MD in the PBD and NPBD groups compared to HC. PBD showed widespread FA decreases in the corpus callosum as well as the bilateral internal capsule and fornix. However, NPBD showed local FA decreases in a part of the corpus callosum body as well as in limited regions within the left cerebral hemisphere, including the anterior and posterior corona radiata and the cingulum. In addition, both PBD and NPBD shared widespread MD increases across the posterior corona radiata, cingulum, and sagittal stratum. These findings suggest that widespread WM microstructural alterations might be a common neuroanatomical characteristic of bipolar disorder, regardless of being psychotic or non-psychotic. Particularly, PBD might involve extensive inter-and intra-hemispheric WM connectivity disruptions.
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Yan, Fang, Guangmei Liu, Tingting Chen, Xiaochen Fu, and Miao-Miao Niu. "Structure-Based Virtual Screening and Biological Evaluation of Peptide Inhibitors for Polo-Box Domain." Molecules 25, no. 1 (December 27, 2019): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25010107.
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The polo-box domain of polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1-PBD) is proved to have crucial roles in cell proliferation. Designing PLK1-PBD inhibitors is challenging due to their poor cellular penetration. In this study, we applied a virtual screening workflow based on a combination of structure-based pharmacophore modeling with molecular docking screening techniques, so as to discover potent PLK1-PBD peptide inhibitors. The resulting 9 virtual screening peptides showed affinities for PLK1-PBD in a competitive binding assay. In particular, peptide 5 exhibited an approximately 100-fold increase in inhibitory activity (IC50 = 70 nM), as compared with the control poloboxtide. Moreover, cell cycle experiments indicated that peptide 5 effectively inhibited the expression of p-Cdc25C and cell cycle regulatory proteins by affecting the function of PLK1-PBD, thereby inducing mitotic arrest at the G2/M phase. Overall, peptide 5 can serve as a potent lead for further investigation as PLK1-PBD inhibitors.
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Pei Juan, Ng, Saemah Rahman, and Shahlan Surat. "Tahap Pengetahuan, Kemahiran dan Kesediaan Guru Terhadap Pelaksanaan Pentaksiran Bilik Darjah (PBD)." Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH) 8, no. 5 (May 31, 2023): e002339. http://dx.doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v8i5.2339.
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Pentaksiran Bilik Darjah adalah salah satu cara yang digunakan untuk mentaksir kemahiran dan kefahaman murid. Pelaksanaan PBD dapat memperolehi maklumat tentang perkembangan dan pencapaian murid bagi setiap mata pelajaran kepada guru. Faktor yang penting dalam menjayakan pelaksanaan PBD adalah tahap pengetahuan, kemahiran dan kesediaan guru. Kajian ini dilakukan untuk mengenal pasti tahap pengetahuan, tahap kemahiran dan tahap kesediaan guru dalam pelaksanaan PBD. Seramai 83 orang guru yang berasal dari 5 buah sekolah rendah kategori A Program Transformasi Sekolah 2025(TS25) di daerah Kuala Lipis, Pahang menjadi responden dalam kajian ini. Soal selidik yang digunakan sebagai instrumen kajian dan analisis secara deskriptif digunakan. Dapatan kajian yang diperolehi menunjukkan skor min bagi tahap pengetahuan guru terhadap pelaksanaan PBD dalam kajian ini adalah tinggi dengan min 4.17, skor min bagi tahap kemahiran guru terhadap pelaksanaan PBD pula adalah sederhana tinggi dengan min 3.98 dan skor min bagi tahap kesediaan guru terhadap pelaksanaan PBD juga adalah sederhana tinggi dengan min 3.95.
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Passariello, R., P. Pavone, P. Rossi, G. Simonetti, C. Modini, R. P. Lasagni, P. Mannella, et al. "Percutaneous Biliary Drainage in Neoplastic Jaundice." Acta Radiologica. Diagnosis 26, no. 6 (November 1985): 681–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028418518502600607.
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Technical and clinical data concerning 731 controlled patients submitted to nonsurgical percutaneous biliary drainage (PBD) for preoperative or palliative purposes were collected from eight institutions. Using a computerized analysis program, general and special statistics were obtained, with special attention given to 536 neoplastic cases. Technical success, type, level and nature of the lesions, purpose of drainage, surgery performed, complications, and other clinical and technical information were considered and compared with the clinical results. Statistically significant data were obtained comparing, respectively, bilirubin levels with duration of drainage, survival with type of treatment (PBD alone or followed by radical or palliative surgery), operative with post PBD mortality, survival with type of PBD (external catheter, internal catheter, and endoprosthesis), and complications with type of PBD used.
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Arumugham, Kalai Selvan. "Pentaksiran Bilik Darjah (PBD) Dalam Norma Baharu: Pemimpin Pertengahan Dalam Mengupayakan Pelaksanaan PBD Berasaskan Teknologi." Sains Insani 7, no. 1 (May 31, 2022): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.33102/sainsinsani.vol7no1.354.
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Pengenalan PBD adalah bertujuan untuk memastikan perkembangan pembelajaran seseorang pelajar dapat diukur secara berterusan. Walau bagaimanapun, sejak pengajaran dan pembelajaran dari rumah (PdPr) diperkenalkan, guru menghadapi masalah untuk melaksanakan PBD dengan berkesan. Kajian ini dijalankan untuk meneroka dan memahami cara pemimpin pertengahan memainkan peranan sebagai seorang pemimpin instruksional dan seterusnya membangunkan guru-guru di sekolah untuk memastikan guru-guru dapat melaksanakan PBD dengan berkesan dengan penggunaan teknologi. Seramai lapan orang Guru Kanan Mata Pelajaran (GKMP) telah dipilih untuk menjadi peserta kajian ini. Data telah dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan temu bual separa struktur dan analisis dokumen. Data telah dianalisis berdasarkan tema-tema yang telah dikenalpasti. Melalui kajian ini didapati GKMP telah menjalankan pemantauan dan pencerapan bilik darjah sepanjang tempoh PdP. Data pencerapan mendapati guru-guru melaksanakan PBD sepanjang PdPr namun pelaksanaannya kurang bersifat pengintegrasian. Oleh itu, GKMP telah menjalankan program-program pembangunan kapasiti guru yang membantu guru mengintegrasikan PBD ke dalam PdPr dengan menggunakan teknolgi. GKMP haruslah mempunyai pendedahan dalam teknologi untuk membantu guru menggunakan teknolgi dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran. Dicadangkan kajian lanjut dijalankan untuk melihat cara guru-guru yang mendapat pendedahan tentang teknolgi ini melaksanakan PBD secara alam maya. The introduction of PBD is intended to ensure that a student's learning development can be measured continuously. However, since the introduction of home teaching and learning (PdPr), teachers have faced problems to implement PBD effectively. This study was conducted to explore and understand how middle leaders play a role as an instructional leader and further develop teachers in schools to ensure that teachers can implement PBD effectively with the use of technology. A total of eight Senior Subject Teachers (GKMP) were selected to be participants in this study. Data were collected using semi -structured interviews and document analysis. Data were analyzed based on the themes that had been identified. Through this study, it is found that GKMP has conducted classroom monitoring and observation during the PdPr period. Observational data found that teachers implement PBD throughout PdPr but its implementation is less integrated. Therefore, GKMP has conducted teacher capacity building programs that help teachers integrate PBD into PdPr by using technology. GKMP should have exposure in technology to help teachers use technology in teaching and learning. It is suggested that further research be conducted to see how teachers who are exposed to this technology implement PBD in cyberspace.
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Lokman, Hairul Faiezi, Norazilawati Abdullah, Mazlina Che Mustafa, Mazarul Hasan Mohamad Hanapi, Saniah Sembak, and Vijaya Letchumy Baskaran. "The Impact of Classroom-Based Assessment (CBA) Implementation on the Performance of B40 Pre-School and Primary School Students." International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research 23, no. 7 (July 30, 2024): 435–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.23.7.22.
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Classroom-Based Assessment (PBD) is applied in the education system in Malaysia. It substitutes the public examination system at the primary school level and gives prominence to summative and formative assessment holistically. This case study was conducted to identify the effectiveness and challenges of PBD implementation on the development of students, specifically the B40 group of pre-school and primary school students. To obtain research data, an in-depth interview instrument was conducted on 13 study participants from a quota sample. Interview findings were analyzed to form themes and were confirmed by experts through the Cohen Kappa index of 0.803. Findings regarding the effectiveness of PBD showed that PBD is a holistic assessment for B40 students, especially students who are weak in learning, as it encompasses a comprehensive learning and continuous assessment. PBD is also beneficial for B40 students as they are given the opportunity to achieve the desired mastery level; thus, the gap between B40 students and non-B40 students can be minimized. In addition, this study also highlighted the achievement of B40 students through their mastery of subjects at school. Challenges in the implementation of PBD for B40 preschool and primary school students encompass three aspects, namely challenges in knowledge, achievement and implementation. In terms challenges in knowledge, parents are seen to be oblivious regarding PBD. Challenges in achievement exist when students do not sufficiently master the subjects and unmindful of PBD implementation of. Finally, challenges in implementation, which refers to strenuous individual assessment due to the large number of students. Furthermore, attendance of B40 students is a major challenge in the implementation of PBD. In addition, another challenge in implementation is the need and financial, and parental support. This study explores towards critical discussion and understanding to improve the learning system and further realize the benefits in the implementation of PBD, especially for B40 preschool and primary school students.
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Miller, J. M., and M. J. Van Der Maaten. "Experimentally induced infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus infection during early pregnancy: Effect on the bovine corpus luteum and conceptus." American Journal of Veterinary Research 47, no. 2 (February 1, 1986): 223–28. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1986.47.02.223.
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SUMMARY Pairs of heifers were inoculated iv with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus on postbreeding days (pbd) 7, 14, 21, or 28, and were euthanatized 13 to 15 days after inoculation. Reproductive tracts were examined for cytopathologic changes (light microscopy), virus (cell culture), and viral antigen (immunohistochemical evaluation). Heifers inoculated on pbd 7 or 14 had mild oophoritis characterized by foci of necrosis and mononuclear cell accumulations in the corpus luteum. Most of these heifers also had a few necrotic follicles in at least one ovary. Heifers inoculated on pbd 21 or 28 did not have corpus luteum lesions, but necrotic follicles were numerous in both ovaries. Viral antigen was observed in all ovarian lesions, and infectious virus was isolated from a few of the affected tissues. The uteri of all heifers inoculated on pbd 21 or 28 and 1 heifer inoculated on pbd 7 contained normal-appearing concepti. The uterus of the other pbd 7 heifer contained a degenerating conceptus that was infected with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, as determined by viral isolation, immunohistochemical evaluation, and electron microscopy. Heifers inoculated on pbd 14 were not pregnant at necropsy, but histologic evidence was found that the postbreeding estrous cycle had been longer than normal, indicating that early embryonic death had occurred.
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Rahman, Khondaker M., Helena Rosado, Joao B. Moreira, Eva-Anne Feuerbaum, Keith R. Fox, Eva Stecher, Philip W. Howard, et al. "Antistaphylococcal activity of DNA-interactive pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) dimers and PBD-biaryl conjugates." Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 67, no. 7 (April 30, 2012): 1683–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dks127.
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Parry, Peter, Stephen Allison, and Tarun Bastiampillai. "The geography of a controversial diagnosis: A bibliographic analysis of published academic perspectives on ‘paediatric bipolar disorder’." Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry 24, no. 3 (March 25, 2019): 529–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359104519836700.
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Background: The hypothesis that bipolar disorder presents before puberty with atypical mania has proved to be controversial. Published academic perspectives on the validity of Paediatric Bipolar Disorder (PBD) appear to vary between the United States and the rest of the world. Methods: We examined the perspectives of articles citing four seminal articles. The citing articles were grouped as either supportive or non-supportive of the PBD hypothesis, and the perspectives of the articles by US authors were compared with those by non-US authors. Results: There were 787 citing articles commenting on PBD, mostly published in US-based journals. Most authors were affiliated with several US institutions. Among the 624 articles with US authorship, the majority (83%) supported PBD. Of the 163 articles by non-US authors, most (60%) supported the traditional view that bipolar disorders are rare before mid-adolescence. Published academic perspectives in favour of the PBD hypothesis are mostly concentrated in several US institutions. Conclusion: There is majority support for PBD among citing articles from the United States, whereas the traditional perspective predominates in articles from most other countries.
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Li, Lei. "Ternary Memristic Effect of Trilayer-Structured Graphene-Based Memory Devices." Nanomaterials 9, no. 4 (April 2, 2019): 518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9040518.
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A tristable memory device with a trilayer structure utilizes poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) sandwiched between double-stacked novel nanocomposite films that consist of 2-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-5-(4-biphenylyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (PBD) doped with graphene oxide (GO). We successfully fabricated devices consisting of single and double GO@PBD nanocomposite films embedded in polymer layers. These devices had binary and ternary nonvolatile resistive switching behaviors, respectively. Binary memristic behaviors were observed for the device with a single GO@PBD nanocomposite film, while ternary behaviors were observed for the device with the double GO@PBD nanocomposite films. The heterostructure GO@PBD/PMMA/GO@PBD demonstrated ternary charge transport on the basis of I–V fitting curves and energy-band diagrams. Tristable memory properties could be enhanced by this novel trilayer structure. These results show that the novel graphene-based memory devices with trilayer structure can be applied to memristic devices. Charge trap materials with this innovative architecture for memristic devices offer a novel design scheme for multi-bit data storage.
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Yang, Xi, Yu-Ting Cheng, Mei-Fang Tan, Hua-Wei Zhang, Wan-Quan Liu, Geng Zou, Liang-Sheng Zhang, et al. "Overexpression of Porcine Beta-Defensin 2 Enhances Resistance to Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Infection in Pigs." Infection and Immunity 83, no. 7 (April 27, 2015): 2836–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.03101-14.
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To reduce the need for antibiotics in animal production, alternative approaches are needed to control infection. We hypothesized that overexpression of native defensin genes will provide food animals with enhanced resistance to bacterial infections. In this study, recombinant porcine beta-defensin 2 (PBD-2) was overexpressed in stably transfected PK-15 porcine kidney cells. PBD-2 antibacterial activities againstActinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, an important respiratory pathogen causing porcine contagious pleuropneumonia, were evaluated on agar plates. Transgenic pigs constitutively overexpressing PBD-2 were produced by a somatic cell cloning method, and their resistance to bacterial infection was evaluated by direct or cohabitation infection withA. pleuropneumoniae. Recombinant PBD-2 peptide that was overexpressed in the PK-15 cells showed antibacterial activity againstA. pleuropneumoniae. PBD-2 was overexpressed in the heart, liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys, and jejunum of the transgenic pigs, which showed significantly lower bacterial loads in the lungs and reduced lung lesions after direct or cohabitation infection withA. pleuropneumoniae. The results demonstrate that transgenic overexpression of PBD-2 in pigs confers enhanced resistance againstA. pleuropneumoniaeinfection.
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Widodo, Budi, Iswan Abbas Nusi, and Titong Sugihartono. "Effect of Pneumatic Balloon Dilation to The Changes of Eckardt Score in Patient With Achalasia." Biomolecular and Health Science Journal 3, no. 1 (June 12, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/bhsj.v3i1.17938.
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Introduction: Achalasia is an esophageal motility disorder, but its pathogenesis remains unclear. The highest incidence is among adults aged 30 – 60 years with the prevalence of 10/100.000 population. Diagnosis of achalasia is based on symptoms and upper endoscopy, barium esophagogram, and esophageal manometry. Pneumatic Balloon Dilation (PBD) is one of the treatment options, whether it is fluoroscopy-guided or direct endoscopy guided. This study aims to analyze the effect of PBD on the changes of Eckardt score among achalasia patients.Methods: An analytical observational study with a retrospective and prospective design was conducted on 18 achalasia patients who performed PBD at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital. Data were then analyzed using t-test. Results: The mean age was 47.8±12.5 years, and the mean achalasia duration was 18.3±5.9 months. There were no differences of achalasia cases between men and women. The mean body weight in the pre and post PBD was 50.9±6.2 vs 53.1±6.5 kg with delta 2.19±1.88 (p <0.0001). The mean BMI in the pre and post PBD was 20.2±2.2 vs 21.1±2.5 kb/m2 with delta 0.89±0.78 (p <0.0001). In addition, the mean Eckardt score in the pre and post PBD was 10.17±1.47 vs 2.5±0.86 (p <0.0001). There were 3 patients with Eckardt score of 4 after PBD and no weight loss after one-month evaluation. Conclusion: There was a significant difference of Eckardt score before and after PBD. The improvement of the Eckardt scores led to the change of weight and body mass index among achalasia patients.
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Choudhary, Sanjiv, Ankita Srivastava, Ariharasudhan Varadharajan, and Rijavi Choudhary. "Multiple cutaneous and mucocutaneous lesions as manifestations of pseudo-Behçet’s disease." BMJ Case Reports 16, no. 6 (June 2023): e255669. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2023-255669.
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Pseudo-Behçet’s disease (PBD) is a close clinical mimicker of Behçet’s disease (BD) which can present with orogenital ulceration and uveitis. However, these manifestations in PBD are associated with occult tuberculosis. Sometimes, diagnosis of PBD is established retrospectively when the lesions respond to anti-tubercular therapy (ATT). We here describe a case who presented with a penile ulcer, initially suspected to be a sexually transmitted infection, but was later diagnosed as PBD and resulted in complete healing with ATT. Knowledge about this condition is essential to prevent misdiagnosis as BD and unnecessary treatment with systemic corticosteroids, which can lead to worsening of tuberculosis.
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Zhou, Yunjiang, Fang Yan, Xiangyun Huo, and Miao-Miao Niu. "Discovery of a Potent PLK1-PBD Small-Molecule Inhibitor as an Anticancer Drug Candidate through Structure-Based Design." Molecules 24, no. 23 (November 28, 2019): 4351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24234351.
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Polo-box domain of polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1-PBD) has a pivotal role in cell proliferation and could be implicated as a potential anticancer target. Although some small-molecule inhibitors have been developed, their clinical application has been restricted by the poor selectivity. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop effective PLK1-PBD inhibitors. Herein, we have developed a virtual screening protocol to find PLK1-PBD inhibitors by using combination of structure-based pharmacophore modeling and molecular docking. This protocol was successfully applied to screen PLK1-PBD inhibitors from specs database. MTT assay indicated that five screened hits suppressed the growth of HeLa cells. Particularly, hit-5, as a selective PLK1 inhibitor targeting PLK1-PBD, significantly inhibited the progression of HeLa cells-derived xenograft, with no obvious side effects. This work demonstrates that hit-5 may be a potential anticancer agent.
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Alnajrani, Hussain Mutlaq, and Azah Anir Norman. "The Effects of Applying Privacy by Design to Preserve Privacy and Personal Data Protection in Mobile Cloud Computing: An Exploratory Study." Symmetry 12, no. 12 (December 9, 2020): 2039. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12122039.
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Mobile cloud computing (MCC) is a domain that stemmed from advances in mobile technology and cloud computing. Although debate continues about the best strategies to preserve privacy and personal data protection in MCC, it is essential to explore the effects of applying privacy by design (PbD) to preserve privacy and personal data protection in MCC. PbD is a general philosophy that demonstrates privacy should not be overviewed as an afterthought, but rather as a first-class requirement in the design of IT systems. This study explores the effects of applying PbD to preserve privacy and personal data protection in MCC, and is focused on the privacy of personal data. In this exploration, a framework using PbD has been demonstrated, and seven hypotheses were formulated. Moreover, a survey was implemented where 386 responses were used to test the formulated hypotheses. The results of this study supported the perceived benefits, cues to action of PbD, and perceived threat are positively and directly related to privacy and personal data protection behavior in MCC. Moreover, the results supported that the perceived barriers are negatively and directly related to privacy and personal data protection behavior in MCC. Overall, the results support the utilization of PbD to preserve privacy and personal data protection in MCC and encourage the practitioners to utilize PbD to preserve privacy and personal data protection in MCC.