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Ling, Cheng, Miao, Zhang, Zhang, and Zhu. "Synthesis and Photocontrolled Supramolecular Self-Assembly of Azobenzene-Functionalized Perylene Bisimide Derivatives." Polymers 11, no. 7 (2019): 1143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11071143.
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Azobenzene (Azo) units were successfully introduced into perylene bisimide (PBI) structures in order to realize the photocontrolling of the morphology of the supramolecular assembly of PBI by a photoisomerization process. A total of three Azo-functionalized perylene bisimide derivatives (PBI1, PBI2, and PBI3) with different alkyl chain lengths were designed and synthesized by imidization of 3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic dianhydride with the corresponding amines. The structures of these compounds were characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). The photoisomerization behaviors of Azo units in PBIs were investigated using ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) absorption spectroscopy, which were obviously effected by solvents and the alkyl chain length. Furthermore, the photoisomerization of Azo units has the obviously regulatory effect on the morphology of supramolecular assembly of PBIs, especially for the medium-length alkyl chain-linked Azo-functionalized PBI derivative (PBI2). This research realized the photocontrolling of the morphology of the supramolecular assembly of PBI derivatives by photoisomerization of Azo units.
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Adedayo, Sosina. "Need Assessment of Farmers in Crop-Livestock Production Systems in Ido Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria." International Journal of Agricultural Extension 7, no. 2 (2019): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/ijae.007.02.2730.
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Agricultural projects and programmes funded by governments and donor agencies often failed to achieve the desired set objective(s) at the system levels. The study tries to assess the existing production practices with a view of coming up with a consensus farmer need in a crop-livestock production system at Ido Local Government Area (LGA). The study used a three-stage-sampling technique to elicit information from 225 respondents. Ido Local Government Area was purposively selected for the study. Three cells were randomly selected for the research, three villages were randomly selected in each cell and twenty-five farmers were selected using the snowball selection technique. The data obtained from the Participatory Rural Appraisal were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The pairwise ranking tool helped in determining the importance of the identified problems from the FGD in the study area. The researcher identified the following problems (Pb) from the focus group discussion; inadequate capital for livestock production (Pb1), poor housing for livestock (Pb2), inadequate nutrition for livestock (Pb3), diseases of crops (Pb4), livestock and predatory attack on crops (Pb5). The pairwise comparison of percentage of Pb1 versus (vs) Pb2 was 80/20%, Pb1 vs Pb3 was 68/32%, Pb1 vs Pb4 was 80/20%, Pb1 vs Pb5 was 12/88%, Pb2 vs Pb3 was 68/32%, Pb2 vs Pb4 was 20/80%, Pb2 vs Pb5 was 20/80%, Pb3 vs Pb4 was 32/68%, Pb3 vs Pb5 was 20/80%, vs Pb4 vs Pb5 was 20/80% respectively. The ultimate farmers’ problem in crop-livestock production systems (CLPS) that needs immediate intervention and technical assistance was inadequate capital as perceived from the responses of the farmers.
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Mendoza-Wilson, Ana María, and René Renato Balandrán-Quintana. "Effect of Constituent Units, Type of Interflavan Bond, and Conformation on the Antioxidant Properties of Procyanidin Dimers: A Computational Outlook." Journal of Chemistry 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3535148.
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Procyanidin (PC) dimers are powerful antioxidants, abundant in plant tissues, and also bioavailable. However, the role of the molecular structure of PCs on their antioxidant properties is still a controversial and not fully understood issue that needs to be addressed in a more specific way. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of the constituent units, type of interflavan bond, and conformation on the antioxidant properties of PC dimers including PB3, PB4, PB5, PB6, PB7, and PB8, using the density functional theory (DFT) computational method. The analysis was performed in function of parameters that allow determining the ability of the molecules to transfer or to capture electrons, among which the chemical potential, bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE), gap energy, Fukui indices, and charge distribution of HOMO-LUMO orbitals. The factors that showed the most notable effects on the antioxidant properties of the PC dimers were the type of interflavan bond and the conformation. The antioxidant ability of the dimers PB3 and PB4 containing the interflavan bond C4–C8, in their Compact conformation, was very similar to each other but greater than those of dimers PB5, PB6, PB7, and PB8 containing the C4–C6 interflavan bond. PB8 showed the lowest antioxidant ability.
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Zhao, Zhen, Zhi Li, Qi Wang, and Ji-Long Qi. "First-principles study on the structures and electronic properties of the PbnI and PbnI2 (n = 1–6) clusters." International Journal of Modern Physics B 32, no. 23 (2018): 1850259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979218502594.
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To investigate the configurations and the electrical performance of the Pb–I films, the geometries and electronic properties of the Pb[Formula: see text]I and Pb[Formula: see text]I2 (n = 1–6) clusters are calculated by density functional theory at the GGA/PBE functional. The results reveal that I atoms prefer to occupy the symmetrical positions which are far from the centers of the Pb[Formula: see text] clusters. The Pb2I2 clusters are more structurally stable than the neighbors by the average binding energy. The PbI, Pb3I, PbI2, Pb4I2 and Pb6I2 clusters are more dynamically stable than their neighbors by the HOMO–LUMO gaps. The adsorption capacity of an I atom on the Pb2 cluster is the strongest compared to those of the other Pb[Formula: see text] (n = 1–6) clusters. NBO analysis reveals that the 5p orbital of I atoms in the Pb–I clusters acquires more electrons than the 5s orbital loses.
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Burkitt, L. L., P. W. G. Sale, and C. J. P. Gourley. "Soil phosphorus buffering measures should not be adjusted for current phosphorus fertility." Soil Research 46, no. 8 (2008): 676. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr06126.
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Soil phosphorus (P) sorption is an important and relatively stable soil property which dictates the equilibrium between sorbed and solution P. Soil P sorption measures are commonly adjusted for the effect of current P fertility on the amount of P a soil sorbs. In the case of highly fertilised agricultural soils, however, this adjustment is likely to be inappropriate as it may mask changes in a soil’s capacity to sorb P, which could affect future P fertiliser applications. A study was undertaken to compare adjusted or unadjusted methods of measuring P sorption using 9 pasture soils sampled from southern Victoria which had previously received P fertiliser and lime. The P sorption assessment methods included: P sorption isotherms, P-buffering capacity (PBC) measures (slope between equilibrium P concentration of 0.25 and 0.35 mg P/L), and single-point P-buffering indices (PBI), with methods either adjusted or unadjusted for current P fertility. A single application of 280 kg P/ha, 6 months before sampling, resulted in a general negative displacement of unadjusted P sorption isotherm curves, indicating reduced P sorption on 8 of the 9 soils. Adding the Colwell extractable P concentration to the amount of P sorbed before calculating the slope (PBC+ColP), tended to negate this fertiliser effect and, in 2 of the 9 soils, resulted in a significant increase in PBC+ColP values. Increasing rates of P fertiliser application (up to 280 kg P/ha) resulted in a consistent trend to decreasing PBI values (unadjusted for Colwell P), which was significant at 4 of the 9 sites after 6 months. However, only minimal changes in PBI values were determined when PBI was adjusted for current P fertility (PBI+ColP). Phosphorus sorption properties appeared reasonably stable over time, although 2 soils, both Ferrosols, indicated significant linear increases in PBI values when these sites remained unfertilised for 30 months. Lime significantly increased both PBI and PBI+ColP values at all sites 6 months after application, but the effect generally diminished after 30 months, suggesting PBI measurements should not be taken immediately after liming. These results demonstrate that unadjusted measures of P sorption are more likely to accurately reflect changes in soil P sorption capacity following P fertiliser applications and suggest that the unadjusted PBI be used in commercial soil testing rather that the currently adjusted PBI+ColP.
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Sosina, A. O., and O. J. Babayemi. "Assessment of farmers' needs in Ibarapa East Local Government area of Oyo State, Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 47, no. 5 (2020): 92–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v47i5.1352.
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Government and non-government organizations (NGOs) interventions to local farmers in the recent past had not yielded the desired result because these interventions were not tailored towards the needs of farmers. However, most information on the needs of target farmers have been very scanty thus, the need to use a bottom top approach to assess farmers' needs in Ibarapa East, Oyo state. A three-stage sampling technique was used to purposively select about 225 respondents. Parameters measured were household characteristics, farm sizes, farm labor availability, seasonal pattern and need to be assessed using a participatory rural appraisal approach comprising of focus group discussion (FGD) and structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed descriptively and the need assessed using the pair-wise ranking and simple matrix. Of challenges listed in FDG among crop-livestock farmers, only five (5) were prioritized as follows; wastage of agricultural products (Pb1), bad road network (Pb2), high cost of agricultural inputs (Pb3), lack of potable water (Pb4) and animal invasion (Pb5). The pairwise comparison of the percentage of Pb1 versus (vs.) Pb2 was 80/20%, Pb1 vs. Pb3 was 90/10%, Pb1 vs. Pb4 was 70/30%, Pb1 vs. Pb5 was 20/80%, Pb2 vs. Pb3 was 70/30%, Pb2 vs Pb4 was 30/70%, Pb2 vs. Pb5 was 10/90%, Pb3 vs. Pb4 was 20/80%, Pb3 vs. Pb5 was 10/90%, vs. Pb4 vs Pb5 was 30/70%, respectively. There were proffered solutions to the problem(s) itemized by the FGD. The animal invasion was ranked highest as farmers' need assessed for possible intervention in Ibarapa East. Governments and NGO funds should be addressing animal invasion for desirable project impact assessment. Les interventions des gouvernements et des organisations non gouvernementales (ONG) auprès des agriculteurs locaux dans un passé récent n'avaient pas donné le résultat souhaité car ces interventions n'étaient pas adaptées aux besoins des agriculteurs. Cependant, la plupart des informations sur les besoins des agriculteurs cibles ont été très rares, ce qui nécessite d'utiliser une approche ascendante pour évaluer les besoins des agriculteurs de l'est d'Ibarapa, dans l'État d'Oyo. Une technique d'échantillonnage en trois étapes a été utilisée pour sélectionner environ 225 répondants. Les paramètres mesurés étaient les caractéristiques des ménages, la taille des exploitations, la disponibilité de la main-d'oeuvre agricole, le profil saisonnier. Ils doivent être évalués à l'aide d'une approche d'évaluation rurale participative comprenant des discussions de groupe et un questionnaire structuré. Les données ont été analysées de manière descriptive et le besoin évalué en utilisant le classement par paires et une matrice simple. Parmi les défis énumérés dans le 'FDG' chez les agriculteurs et les éleveurs, seuls cinq (5) ont été classés comme suit; gaspillage des produits agricoles (le 'Pb' 1), mauvais réseau routier (le 'Pb' 2), coût élevé des intrants agricoles (le 'Pb' 3), manque d'eau potable (le 'Pb' 4) et invasion animale (le 'Pb' 5). La comparaison par paire du pourcentage de 'Pb' 1 versus (vs) 'Pb' 2 était de 80/20%, Pb1 vs Pb3 était de 90/10%, Pb1 vs Pb4 était de 70/30%, Pb1 vs Pb5 était de 20/80% Pb2 vs Pb3 était de 70/30%, le 'Pb' 2 vs le 'Pb4' était de 30/70%, le 'Pb' 2 vs le 'Pb' 5 était de 10/90%, le 'Pb' 3 vs. le 'Pb' 4 était de 20/80%, le 'Pb' 3 vs. le 'Pb' 5 etaient 10/90%,vs le 'Pb' 4 vs le 'Pb'5 était respectivement de 30/70%. Des solutions ont été proposées au (x) problème (s) détaillé (s) par le FGD. L'invasion animale a été classée au premier rang des besoins des agriculteurs évalués pour une éventuelle intervention à l'Estd'Ibarapa. Les gouvernements et les fonds d'ONG devraient s'attaquer à l'invasion animale pour une évaluation de l'impact souhaitable du projet.
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Hendrie, Colin A., Katja S. Van Driel, Janet C. Talling, and Ian R. Inglis. "PBI creams." Physiology & Behavior 74, no. 4-5 (2001): 621–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9384(01)00604-7.
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Nabiilah, Laila, Elvinawati, and I Nyoman Candra. "Model PBI." ALOTROP 7, no. 2 (2023): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/alo.v7i2.31153.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penerapan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) terhadap kemampuan analisis siswa pada materi larutan penyangga. Penelitian dilakukan di SMAN 4 Kota Bengkulu dengan sampel kelas XI IPA 3 yang berjumlah sebanyak 36 orang siswa
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Petross, Chisomo, Shannon McMahon, Julia Lohmann, Rachel P. Chase, Adamson S. Muula, and Manuela De Allegri. "Intended and unintended effects: community perspectives on a performance-based financing programme in Malawi." BMJ Global Health 5, no. 4 (2020): e001894. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001894.
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BackgroundSeveral performance-based financing (PBF) evaluations have been undertaken in low-income countries, yet few have examined community perspectives of care amid PBF programme implementation. We assessed community members’ perspectives of Support for Service Delivery Integration - Performance-Based Incentives (‘SSDI-PBI’), a PBF intervention in Malawi, and explored some of the unintended effects that emerged amid implementation.MethodsWe conducted 30 focus group discussions: 17 with community leaders and 13 with mothers within catchment areas of SSDI-PBI implementing facilities. We analysed data using the framework approach.ResultsCommunity leaders and women had mixed impressions regarding the effect of SSDI-PBI on service delivery in facilities. They highlighted several improvements (including improved dialogue between staff and community, and cleaner, better-equipped facilities with enhanced privacy), but also persisting challenges (including inadequate and overworked staff, overcrowded facilities and long distances to facilities) related to services in SSDI-PBI-implementing facilities. Further, respondents described how four targeted service indicators related to maternal risk factor management, antenatal care (ANC) in the first trimester, skilled birth attendance and couple’s HIV testing sparked unintended negative effects as experienced by women and communities. The unintended effects included women returning home for delivery, women feeling uncertain about their pregnancy status, women feeling betrayed or frustrated by the quality of care provided and partnerless women being denied ANC.ConclusionPBF programmes such as SSDI-PBI may improve some aspects of service delivery. However, to achieve system improvement, not only should necessary tools (such as medicines, equipment and human resources) be in place, but also programme priorities must be congruent with cultural expectations. Finally, facilities must be better supported to expect and then address increases in client load and heightened expectations in relation to services.
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Yu, Tzyy-Lung Leon, and Hsiu-Li Lin. "Preparation of PBI/H3PO4-PTFE Composite Membranes for High Temperature Fuel Cells." Open Fuels & Energy Science Journal 3, no. 1 (2010): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1876973x01003010001.
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The poly(benzimidazole) (PBI)/ poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) composite membrane was prepared by impregnating a porous PTFE thin film in a PBI solution N,N’-dimethyl acetamide (DMAc) solution mixed with LiCl. LiCl was used as a stabilizer to avoid aggregations of PBI molecules in the DMAc solutions. In this paper, we report a 2 mg/ml PBI/ DMAc/ LiCl solution with a [LiCl]/[BI] molar ratio of ~8.0 (i.e. the LiCl/PBI is ~ 1.1 in wt ratio, where [BI] is the concentration of benzimidazole repeat unit in the solution) has a lowest PBI polymer aggregations and thus a lowest solutions viscosity. The PBI membrane and PBI/PTFE composite membrane prepared from the PBI/DMAc/LiCl solution with a [LiCl]/[BI] molar ratio of ~8.0 were used to dop H3PO4 and prepare membrane electrode assemblies (MEA). The unit cell performances of these MEAs were carried out at 150oC. Owing to the high mechanical strength of porous PTFE, the thickness of PBI/H3PO4-PTFE composite membrane is allowed to be lower than that of a PBI/H3PO4 membrane. The lower thickness of PBI/H3PO4-PTFE membrane than that of PBI/H3PO4 membrane results in a lower resistance of PBI/H3PO4-PTFE than PBI/H3PO4. Thus the MEA prepared from PBI/H3PO4-PTFE has a better fuel cell performance than that prepared from PBI.
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Tazkya Amallia Putri Suwandi, Mia Kusmiati, and Ariko Rahmat Putra. "Perbedaan Persepsi Pasien BPJS PBI dan Non-PBI terhadap Kinerja Dokter." Bandung Conference Series: Medical Science 5, no. 1 (2025): 607–12. https://doi.org/10.29313/bcsms.v5i1.16882.
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Abstract. BPJS (Social Security Agency) patients have perceptions of doctor performance. This patient perception can affect patient satisfaction with health services. BPJS patients, both PBI (Contribution Assistance Recipients) and Non-PBI (Non-Contribution Recipients) have the same access to services at the Health Center. This study was conducted to determine whether there are differences in services for BPJS PBI and Non-PBI Patients on Doctor Performance. This study is an observational analytical method, with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 80 BPJS PBI patients and 80 Non-PBI were recruited as participants in this study. Statistical analysis using the Man-Whitney test. The results of this study showed that the average perception of Non-PBI patients on doctor performance as a whole was higher (86.47) than PBI patients (82.66). A statistically significant difference was found in the humanism aspect (p-value = 0.028), while other aspects (accountability, altruism, communication & empathy, and pleasant manner) did not show significant differences. The average perception of Non-PBI patients towards the humanism aspect was 13.16, while PBI patients had an average of 12.26. The average difference of 0.9 indicates a higher perception in Non-PBI patients compared to PBI. The Humanism aspect, which includes the friendliness and attention of doctors to patients, is one of the important dimensions that influences patient perception. Abstrak. Pasien bpjs (Badan Jaminan Sosial) memiliki persepsi terhadap kinerja dokter. Persepsi pasien ini dapat mempengaruhi kepuasan pasien terhadap Pelayanan Kesehatan. Pasien BPJS baik PBI (Penerima Bantuan Iuran) maupun Non-PBI (Bukan penerima Iuran) memiliki akses pelayanan yang sama di Puskesmas. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat perbedaan pelayanan terhdap Pasien BPJS PBI dan Non-PBI terhadap Kinerja Dokter. Penelitian ini merupakan metode analitik observasional, dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sebanyak 80 orang pasien BPJS PBI dan 80 Non-PBI di rekrut sebagai partisipan dalam penelitian ini. Analisis statistik menggunakan uji ManWhitney. Hasil pada penelitian ini menunjukkan, rata-rata persepsi pasien Non-PBI terhadap kinerja dokter secara keseluruhan lebih tinggi (86,47) dibandingkan pasien PBI (82,66). Perbedaan yang signifikan secara statistik ditemukan pada aspek humanism (p-value=0,028), sedangkan aspek lainnya (accountability, altruism, communication & empathy, dan pleasant manner) tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan. Rata-rata persepsi pasien Non-PBI terhadap aspek humanism adalah 13.16, sedangkan pasien PBI memiliki rata-rata sebesar 12.26. Selisih rata-rata sebesar 0,9 menunjukkan persepsi yang lebih tinggi pada pasien Non-PBI dibandingkan PBI. Aspek Humanisme, yang mencakup keramahan dan perhatian dokter terhadap pasien, menjadi salah satu dimensi penting yang memengaruhi persepsi pasien.
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Khalil, Nasreen, Helene Manganas, Christopher J. Ryerson, et al. "Phase 2 clinical trial of PBI-4050 in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis." European Respiratory Journal 53, no. 3 (2018): 1800663. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00663-2018.
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PBI-4050 is a novel orally active small-molecule compound with demonstrated anti-fibrotic activity in several models of fibrosis, including lung fibrosis. We present results from our first clinical study of PBI-4050 in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).This 12-week open-label study explored the safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetics of daily oral doses of 800 mg PBI-4050 alone and in combination with nintedanib or pirfenidone in patients with predominantly mild or moderate IPF. Nine patients received PBI-4050 alone, 16 patients received PBI-4050 with nintedanib and 16 patients received PBI-4050 with pirfenidone.PBI-4050 alone or in combination with nintedanib or pirfenidone was well tolerated. Pharmacokinetic profiles for PBI-4050 were similar in the PBI-4050 alone and PBI-4050+nintedanib groups but reduced in the PBI-4050+pirfenidone group, suggesting a drug–drug interaction. There were no significant changes in forced vital capacity (FVC), either in % predicted or mL, from baseline to week 12 for PBI-4050 alone or PBI-4050+nintedanib. In contrast, a statistically significant reduction (p<0.024) in FVC % pred was seen for PBI-4050+pirfenidone after 12 weeks.There were no safety concerns with PBI-4050 alone or in combination with nintedanib or pirfenidone in IPF patients. The stability of FVC between baseline and week 12 looked encouraging for PBI-4050 alone and in combination with nintedanib.
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He, Jinyi, Tianhui Li, Yingying Liu, et al. "Study on Synthesis of Polybenzimidazole (PBI) Using Low Cost & High Impurity Industrial 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) for Application in High Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 170, no. 8 (2023): 084510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/acef63.
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Poly[2,2-(m-phenylene)−5,5-bibenzimidazole] (m-PBI), the most studied PBI, is close to practical application, however, the high cost of m-PBI restricts its application for HT-PEMFCs. The cost can be reduced by 85% if the low cost & high impurity industrial DAB can be used to synthesize m-PBI after pre-treatment. Herein, we study the influence of impurities in industrial 3,3′-diaminobenzidine (DAB) on the synthesis of polybenzimidazole (PBI), and the possibility of the synthesis of m-PBI based on purified low cost & high impurity industrial DAB. It is shown that impurities would reduce the molecular weight and thermal stability of PBI, and mechanical strength and oxidation stability of the according PBI and H3PO4/PBI membranes. Using industrial DAB (94.40%) without any treatment as a reactant, the molecular weight of the obtained PBI is too low to prepare a membrane. A simple method of purifying low cost & high impurity industrial DAB is proposed, by dissolution and recrystallization using the absorption effect of carbon powder. It is proven that the performances of PBI synthesized using purified DAB are near to the PBI synthesized using high-purity DAB. The peak power density of HT-PEMFC based on PBI from purified industrial DAB reached 426 mW cm−2 at 180 °C.
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Nurdiana, Ovie Lestya, Menap Menap, Lalu Abdul Khalik, Nova Budiharjo, and Sismulyanto Sismulyanto. "Tingkat Kepuasan Keluarga Pasien Rawat Inap Peserta Program BPJS Kesehatan Berdasarkan Status Kepesertaan." Jurnal Keperawatan Silampari 5, no. 2 (2022): 723–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31539/jks.v5i2.3251.
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This study aims to determine the difference in the level of family satisfaction of BPJS PBI and non-PBI patients in the inpatient room at Mutiara Sukma Hospital, NTB. This research is a quantitative research using a cross-sectional approach. The results of this study indicate that there is no difference in the level of family satisfaction of BPJS PBI and BPJS non-PBI patients. Based on the IKM value, the level of family satisfaction of non-PBI BPJS patients is higher than that of BPJS PBI. Still, based on statistical tests using Mann-Whitney, it shows that there is no significant difference between family satisfaction of BPJS PBI patients and BPJS non-PBI patients (p = 0.698). In conclusion, overall, there is no difference in the level of family satisfaction of BPJS PBI and non-PBI patients.
 
 Keywords: BPJS, Health Insurance, Satisfaction
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Burkitt, L. L., P. W. Moody, C. J. P. Gourley, and M. C. Hannah. "A simple phosphorus buffering index for Australian soils." Soil Research 40, no. 3 (2002): 497. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr01050.
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Soil phosphorus (P) buffering capacity (PBC) is an important soil property that influences the amount of P fertiliser available for plant uptake. However, current methods of determining PBC are time-consuming and uneconomic in most commercial soil testing programs. The current study examined simpler methods of measuring the PBC of a wide range of Australian soils. Phosphorus sorption and extractable P data from 290 soils (initial data set) were collated to define the range of PBC values of Australian agricultural soils. Independently, detailed chemical and physical analyses were undertaken on a second set of 90 agricultural soils (principal data set), which were selected to represent the range of soil properties measured on the initial data set. Relationships between PBCO&S (Ozanne and Shaw 1968) values (P sorbed between solution P concentrations of 0.25 and 0.35 mg P/L) and 11 different single-point P sorption indices and selected soil properties were examined for the principal data set. Whilst relationships between PBCO&S values and selected soil properties such as oxalate-extractable iron and aluminium, and clay content, were generally poor, strong relationships existed between all of the single-point P sorption indices and PBCO&S. Results suggest that PBCO&S values were most closely related to the P buffering indices (PBI+ColP and PBI+OlsP) when a single addition of 1000 mg P/kg was added to soil and either the Colwell or 4.59 Olsen extractable P were added to the amount of P sorbed: PBI+ColP = (Ps + Colwell P)/c0.41 PBI+OlsP = (Ps + 4.59 Olsen P)/c0.41 where Ps is the amount of P sorbed (mg P/kg) from a single addition of 1000 mg P/kg, and c is the resulting solution P concentration (mg P/L). This index provides a simple and accurate method for estimating PBC, a fundamental soil property that influences the P fertiliser requirements of different soil types. phosphorus sorption capacity, single-point phosphorus sorption index, phosphorus retention index, soil properties, Colwell phosphorus, Olsen phosphorus.
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Apri Amalia, Sahbudi, and Ivan Duna Husada. "PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP PERUBAHAN DATA FAKIR MISKIN PESERTA PBI YANG DINONAKTIFKAN MENJADI PESERTA NON PBI (STUDI DINAS SOSIAL KOTA MEDAN)." Reformasi Hukum 25, no. 1 (2021): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.46257/jrh.v25i1.162.
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Perlindungan hukum terhadap masyarakat fakir miskin peserta penerima bantuan iuran (PBI) merupakan tugas dari pemerintah. Menjadi peserta PBI harus memenuhi kriteria fakir miskin. Terjadinya perubahan penonaktifan peserta PBI menjadi Non PBI yang dimana peserta PBI memenuhi kriteria fakir miskin harus mendapatkan perlindungan hukum. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk memberikan perlindungan terhadap fakir miskin peserta PBI yang dinonaktifkan menjadi peserta PBI. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan normatif-empiris. Perlindungan hukum yang diberikan dengan melakukan pendataan ulang yang dilakukan oleh Dinas Sosial dengan memenuhi beberapa kriteria sesuai dengan peraturan. Perlindungan hukum dilakukan secara preventif agar mencegah terjadinya pelanggaran dengan terlebih dahulu melakukan sosialisasi ataupun pendataan ulang setiap tahunnya untuk memastikan kelayakan peserta PBI sebagai penerima bantuan iuran.
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Erdat, Efe Cem, Merih Yalçıner, and Güngör Utkan. "THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PREOPERATIVE PROGNOSTIC NUTRITIONAL INDEX AND TUMOR RESPONSE TO TOTAL NEOADJUVANT THERAPY IN RECTAL CANCER Rektum Kanserinde Preoperatif Prognostik Beslenme İndeksi ile Total Neoadjuvan Tedaviye Tümör Yanıtı Arasındaki İlişki." Bozok Tıp Dergisi 15, no. 1 (2025): 37–42. https://doi.org/10.16919/bozoktip.1657875.
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Amaç: Rektum kanseri hastalarında total neoadjuvan tedavi (TNT) alanlarda, preoperatif Prognostik Beslenme İndeksi (PBI) değerleri ile tümör yanıtı arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Ocak 2018 ve Haziran 2023 tarihleri arasında Ankara Üniversitesi Hastaneleri’nde TNT alan ve cerrahi uygulanan rektum kanseri hastaları retrospektif olarak incelendi. PBI, serum albümin düzeyleri ve lenfosit sayıları kullanılarak hesaplandı: PBI = (10 × serum albümin [g/dL]) + (0,005 × toplam lenfosit sayısı [mm³ başına]). PBI için eşik değeri ROC eğrisi analizi ile belirlendi. İstatistiksel analizler PBI ile tümör yanıtı arasındaki ilişkiyi değerlendirdi. Bulgular: Toplam 51 hasta dahil edildi; medyan yaş 64 ve %62,7’si erkekti. Hastaların %25,5’inde tam yanıt, %72,6’sında kısmi yanıt ve %1,9’unda yanıt yoktu. Tam yanıtı olan hastalarda ortalama PBI, kısmi veya yanıt olmayan hastalara göre daha yüksekti (48,80 vs. 45,51; p = 0,056). PBI için 50,65 eşik değeri kullanıldığında, daha yüksek PBI değerine sahip hastalarda tam yanıt oranı anlamlı olarak daha yüksekti (%38,5 vs. %10,5; p = 0,023). PBI > 50,65 olan hastalarda tam yanıt elde etme olasılık oranı 5,31 idi. Sonuç: Yüksek preoperatif PBI değerleri, rektum kanseri hastalarında TNT’ye daha iyi tümör yanıtı ile ilişkilidir. PBI, bu popülasyonda tedavi yanıtı ve sağkalım sonuçlarını tahmin etmede yararlı bir gösterge olabilir.
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Jiang, Junqiao, Erli Qu, Min Xiao, Dongmei Han, Shuanjin Wang, and Yuezhong Meng. "3D Network Structural Poly (Aryl Ether Ketone)-Polybenzimidazole Polymer for High-Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells." Advances in Polymer Technology 2020 (August 14, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4563860.
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Poor mechanical property is a critical problem for phosphoric acid-doped high-temperature proton exchange membranes (HT-PEMs). In order to address this concern, in this work, a 3D network structural poly (aryl ether ketone)-polybenzimidazole (PAEK-cr-PBI) polymer electrolyte membrane was successfully synthesized through crosslinking reaction between poly (aryl ether ketone) with the pendant carboxyl group (PAEK-COOH) and amino-terminated polybenzimidazole (PBI-4NH2). PAEK-COOH with a poly (aryl ether ketone) backbone endows superior thermal, mechanical, and chemical stability, while PBI-4NH2 serves as both a proton conductor and a crosslinker with basic imidazole groups to absorb phosphoric acid. Moreover, the composite membrane of PAEK-cr-PBI blended with linear PBI (PAEK-cr-PBI@PBI) was also prepared. Both membranes with a proper phosphoric acid (PA) uptake exhibit an excellent proton conductivity of around 50 mS cm-1 at 170°C, which is comparable to that of the well-documented PA-doped PBI membrane. Furthermore, the PA-doped PAEK-cr-PBI membrane shows superior mechanical properties of 17 MPa compared with common PA-doped PBI. Based upon these encouraging results, the as-synthesized PAEK-cr-PBI gives a highly practical promise for its application in high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs).
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Di Virgilio, Matteo, Andrea Basso Peressut, Angelo Pontoglio, Saverio Latorrata, and Giovanni Dotelli. "Study of Innovative GO/PBI Composites as Possible Proton Conducting Membranes for Electrochemical Devices." Membranes 13, no. 4 (2023): 428. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes13040428.
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The appeal of combining polybenzimidazole (PBI) and graphene oxide (GO) for the manufacturing of membranes is increasingly growing, due to their versatility. Nevertheless, GO has always been used only as a filler in the PBI matrix. In such context, this work proposes the design of a simple, safe, and reproducible procedure to prepare self-assembling GO/PBI composite membranes characterized by GO-to-PBI (X:Y) mass ratios of 1:3, 1:2, 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1. SEM and XRD suggested a homogenous reciprocal dispersion of GO and PBI, which established an alternated stacked structure by mutual π-π interactions among the benzimidazole rings of PBI and the aromatic domains of GO. TGA indicated a remarkable thermal stability of the composites. From mechanical tests, improved tensile strengths but worsened maximum strains were observed with respect to pure PBI. The preliminary evaluation of the suitability of the GO/PBI X:Y composites as proton exchange membranes was executed via IEC determination and EIS. GO/PBI 2:1 (IEC: 0.42 meq g−1; proton conductivity at 100 °C: 0.0464 S cm−1) and GO/PBI 3:1 (IEC: 0.80 meq g−1; proton conductivity at 100 °C: 0.0451 S cm−1) provided equivalent or superior performances with respect to similar PBI-based state-of-the-art materials.
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Kumar, V. Vijaya, C. Ramesh Kumar, A. Suresh, S. Jayalakshmi, U. Kamachi Mudali, and N. Sivaraman. "Evaluation of polybenzimidazole-based polymers for the removal of uranium, thorium and palladium from aqueous medium." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 6 (2018): 171701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171701.
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Four types of polybenzimidazole (PBI)-based polymers ( m -PBI, p -PBI, pyridine-based m -PBI and alkylated m -PBI) have been prepared and characterized. Extraction behaviour of heavy metal ions, viz. U(VI), Th(IV) and Pd(II), with these polymers was investigated. Distribution ratios for the extraction of these metal ions were measured as a function of nitric acid concentration. Extraction data reveal that, in general, p -PBI exhibits a higher distribution ratio for U(VI), Th(IV) and Pd(II) compared with the other polymeric resins evaluated in the present study. Column chromatography experiments were carried out with a solution of U(VI), Th(IV) and Pd(II) in dilute nitric acid media using columns packed with m - and p -PBI polymeric material for understanding the sorption and elution behaviour. The p -PBI-based resin has shown higher palladium sorption capacity (1.8 mmol g −1 ). The studies also established that p -PBI resin is a potential candidate material for the recovery of U(VI) and Th(IV) (capacity 0.22 mmol g −1 and 0.13 mmol g −1 ) from an aqueous stream, e.g. mine water samples.
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Wiwin Muchtar Wiyono. "Perlindungan Nasabah Bank Syariah Berbasis Nilai Kadilan." Cakrawala Hukum: Majalah Ilmiah Fakultas Hukum Universitas Wijayakusuma 22, no. 2 (2020): 90–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.51921/9h6r6c35.
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Perlindungan nasabah menurut UU RI Nomor 21 Tahun 2008tentang Perbankan Syariah merupakan upaya perlindungan nasabah yangmeliputi: a) Mekanisme pengaduan nasabah yang berpedoman pada PBINomor 7/7/PBI/2005 jo. PBI Nomor 10/10/PBI/2008 tentang PenyelesaianPengaduan Nasabah dan PBI Nomor 8/5/PBI/2006 jo. PBI Nomor10/1/PBI/2008 tentang Mediasi; b) meningkatkan transparansi produk yangberpedoman pada PBI Nomor 7/6/PBI/2005 tentang Transparansi InformasiProduk Bank dan penggunaan data pribadi nasabah. Penelitian yangmenggunakan metode normative dan mengacu pada studi kepustakaanmenyimpulkan bahwa perlindungan nasabah bank syariah selalumenegakkan keadilan. Pihak perbankan dalam kegiatannya memberikanpemahaman tentang produk dan jasa perbankan kepada nasabah dan calonnasabah. Islam memerintahkan kepada setiap manusia untuk berbuat adilatau menegakkan keadilan pada setiap tindakan dan perbuatan yangdilakukan. Adapun sistem perbankan syariah yang beroperasi adalahberdasarkanprinsip bagi hasil yang memberikan alternatif sistem perbankanyang saling menguntungkan bagi masyarakat dan bank, serta menonjolkanaspek keadilan dalam bertransaksi, investasi yang beretika, mengedepankannilai-nilai kebersamaan dan persaudaraan dalam berproduksi danmenghindari adanya kegiatan riba, maysir dan gharar dalam bertransaksikeuangan.Sebagai bentuk perlindungan kepada nasabah bank syariahapabila terjadi pelanggaran hak nasabah, maka dilakukan proses mediasidan apabila jalur mediasi tidak tercapai dapat juga melalui jalur pengadilandi dalam penyelesaian sengketa bank syariah tersebut.
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WILHELM, KAY, HEATHER NIVEN, GORDON PARKER, and DUSAN HADZI-PAVLOVIC. "The stability of the Parental Bonding Instrument over a 20-year period." Psychological Medicine 35, no. 3 (2004): 387–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291704003538.
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Background. The Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) measures the perception of being parented to the age of 16 years. Low scores on the care dimension and high scores on the overprotection dimension are considered to be risk factors of depression. While the PBI has been shown to be a reliable and valid instrument, the stability of the PBI over extended periods (taking into account individual characteristics and life experience) needs to be demonstrated.Method. The PBI was measured in a non-clinical cohort on four waves between 1978 and 1998, along with a series of self-report measures including state depression and neuroticism. Differences in PBI change over time were examined by gender, lifetime major depression diagnosis, and life event variables, as well as by scores on neuroticism and state depression.Results. Acceptable retest coefficients on PBI scores over the 20-year study were found for the cohort. No differences were found in PBI scores over time on the variables examined, including sex and depression measures.Conclusions. The results indicate long-term stability of the PBI over time. The influences of mood state and life experience appear to have little effect on the stability of the perception of parenting as measured by the PBI. The present study increases confidence in the PBI as a valid measure of perceived parenting over extended time periods.
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Bryce, Keith, Kun Yang, Yachun Wang, and Jie Lian. "Chemical durability and degradation mechanisms of CsPbI3 as a potential host phase for cesium and iodine sequestration." RSC Advances 12, no. 20 (2022): 12242–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ra01259f.
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Elemental release: a CsPbI3 perovskite pellet is leached in distilled water; post-leaching analysis indicates the formation of PbI2 and PbI(OH) alteration layers on the pellet surface, and the incongruent release of elements into the leachate.
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Zhang, Taiyang, Nanjie Guo, Ge Li, Xufang Qian, Liang Li, and Yixin Zhao. "A general non-CH3NH3X (X = I, Br) one-step deposition of CH3NH3PbX3 perovskite for high performance solar cells." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 4, no. 9 (2016): 3245–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta10661c.
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High quality CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub>/CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>2</sub>Br perovskite films were facilely deposited by spin coating HI + PbI<sub>2</sub>/HBr + PbI<sub>2</sub> solution in CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>2</sub> atmospheres.
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He, Xu, Bing Hu, Yan Yang, et al. "Synthesis, self-aggregation and cryopreservation effects of perylene bisimide–glycopeptide conjugates." Chemical Communications 57, no. 90 (2021): 12000–12003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cc03835d.
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Torres, Sandra, Carolina A. Araújo, Amanda Fitzgerald, et al. "An International Study of Correlates of Women’s Positive Body Image." European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education 12, no. 10 (2022): 1521–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe12100107.
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Positive body image (PBI) has received attention in the recent research literature. Despite this, its role in daily functioning in different cultural contexts, particularly its potential relationship with academic outcomes, is still lacking. This study aimed to offer an international perspective on the association between PBI and body mass index (BMI), perceived academic achievement, and educational aspirations, as well as the mediating role of self-esteem. A cross-national study was conducted in eight European countries with a total of 2653 female university students. Participants completed an online survey measuring PBI (conceptualized as body appreciation), self-esteem, perceived academic achievement and aspirations, and body mass index (BMI). Results revealed differences in PBI between countries (low magnitude). PBI correlated negatively with BMI in all national groups (low-to-moderate magnitude). Mediation analysis showed that self-esteem mediated the association between PBI and academic variables. Findings from this study suggest that building students’ self-esteem and PBI can be a suitable way to boost academic success.
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Ouyang, Guanghui, David Bialas, and Frank Würthner. "Reversible fluorescence modulation through the photoisomerization of an azobenzene-bridged perylene bisimide cyclophane." Organic Chemistry Frontiers 8, no. 7 (2021): 1424–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0qo01635g.
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An azobenzene-bridged perylene bisimide cyclophane was designed and synthesized, which showed reversible fluorescence intensity switching under light-irradiation due to cooperative adjustments of PBI–PBI and PBI–Azo interactions.
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Cao, Xiaobing, Lili Zhi, Yahui Li, et al. "Control of the morphology of PbI2 films for efficient perovskite solar cells by strong Lewis base additives." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 5, no. 30 (2017): 7458–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7tc01973d.
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Murray, Ian. "Public Benevolent Institutions for Native Title Groups: An Underappreciated Model?" Federal Law Review 43, no. 3 (2015): 423–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.22145/flr.43.3.4.
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There has been limited research into the relevance of public benevolent institutions (‘PBI's) to the management of native title benefits. Despite this omission, a new, tax-effective, structure was proposed in 2013, being the ‘Indigenous Community Development Corporation’ (‘ICDC’). PBI characterisation is also becoming more relevant as native title determination numbers increase, such that there is a suitable and interested body, the prescribed body corporate (‘PBC’) that can pursue a variety of functions in fulfilling its statutory duties and in seeking to realise the economic, social and cultural objectives of Indigenous groups. This article asserts that a purpose of addressing Indigenous disadvantage is a PBI purpose and that it permits a broad range of activities in order to meet that end. Accordingly, PBI status should be available for many PBCs and other benefits management structure institutions. As a result, the proposed grounds for introducing the ICDC are significantly less compelling and it is argued that a more cautious approach is warranted, being one that better recognises ICDC limitations and that does not over-emphasise the potential benefits.
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Forrester, Sean T., Les J. Janik, José M. Soriano-Disla, et al. "Use of handheld mid-infrared spectroscopy and partial least-squares regression for the prediction of the phosphorus buffering index in Australian soils." Soil Research 53, no. 1 (2015): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr14126.
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The development of techniques for the rapid, inexpensive and accurate determination of the phosphorus (P) buffer index (PBI) in soils is important in terms of increasing the efficiency of P application for optimum crop requirements and preventing environmental pollution due to excessive use of P fertilisers. This paper describes the successful implementation of partial least-squares regression (PLSR) from spectra obtained with bench-top and handheld mid-infrared (MIR) spectrometers for the prediction of PBI on 601 representative Australian agricultural soils. By contrast, poor predictions were obtained for available (Colwell) P. Regression models were successfully derived for PBI ranges of 0–800 and 0–150, the latter range resulting in the optimum model considering the dominance of low PBI soils in the sample set. Concentrations of some major soil minerals (mainly kaolinite and gibbsite content for high PBI, and smectites or illites for low PBI), quartz (representative of low surface area of soils) and, to a lesser extent, carbonate and soil organic matter were identified as the main drivers of the PBI models. Models developed with soils sieved to <2 mm presented an accuracy similar to those developed using fine-ground material. The accuracy of the PLSR for the prediction of PBI by using bench-top and handheld instruments was also similar. Our results confirm the possibility of using MIR spectroscopy for the onsite prediction of PBI.
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Casidy, Riza, Jessica Helmi, and Kerrie Bridson. "Drivers and inhibitors of national stakeholder engagement with place brand identity." European Journal of Marketing 53, no. 7 (2019): 1445–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-04-2017-0275.
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Purpose This paper aims to explore the factors that drive and inhibit national stakeholder organisations’ engagement with an established an umbrella place brand identity (PBI) in the context of country branding, during the PBI implementation stage. Design/methodology/approach This study adopted a case study approach to examine Australia’s current country brand identity initiative: Australia Unlimited, as an example of PBI. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with senior executives (n = 39) representing 30 Australian national organisation stakeholders across a range of sectors (i.e. government agencies, public and private organisations and industry associations). Findings The tension between the PBI and the brand identity of the stakeholders’ own organisation was an emergent finding at the heart of potential disengagement. Moreover, stakeholders’ perception of the leadership of the organisation managing the place brand plays a key role in influencing their engagement with PBI. Research limitations/implications The findings contribute to place marketing theory by identifying drivers and inhibitors of stakeholders’ engagement that originated from the PBI itself (PBI-centred factors) and from the stakeholder organisations (stakeholder-centred factors). Practical implications The findings provide a practical framework for place brand managing organisations to foster stakeholders’ engagement during the implementation stage of a PBI initiative. Originality/value Place branding research to date has focussed primarily on resident stakeholders’ engagement in the development of PBI initiatives. This paper contributes to knowledge by proposing a framework that encompasses the drivers and inhibitors of national stakeholder organisations’ engagement with PBI during its implementation phase.
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Thibodeau, Jean-François, Jean-Christophe Simard, Chet E. Holterman, et al. "PBI-4050 via GPR40 activation improves adenine-induced kidney injury in mice." Clinical Science 133, no. 14 (2019): 1587–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20190479.
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Abstract PBI-4050 (3-pentylbenzenacetic acid sodium salt), a novel first-in-class orally active compound that has completed clinical Phases Ib and II in subjects with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and metabolic syndrome respectively, exerts antifibrotic effects in several organs via a novel mechanism of action, partly through activation of the G protein receptor 40 (GPR40) receptor. Here we evaluate the effects of PBI-4050 in both WT and Gpr40−/− mice on adenine-induced tubulointerstitial injury, anemia and activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway. Adenine-induced CKD was achieved in 8-week-old C57BL/6 mice fed a diet supplemented with 0.25% adenine. After 1 week, PBI-4050 or vehicle was administered daily by oral-gavage for 3 weeks. Gpr40−/− mice were also subjected to adenine-feeding, with or without PBI-4050 treatment. PBI-4050 improved renal function and urine concentrating ability. Anemia was present in adenine-fed mice, while PBI-4050 blunted these effects and led to significantly higher plasma erythropoietin (EPO) levels. Adenine-induced renal fibrosis, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis were significantly decreased by PBI-4050. In parallel, Gpr40−/− mice were more susceptible to adenine-induced fibrosis, renal function impairment, anemia and ER stress compared with WT mice. Importantly, PBI-4050 treatment in Gpr40−/− mice failed to reduce renal injury in this model. Taken together, PBI-4050 prevented adenine-induced renal injury while these beneficial effects were lost upon Gpr40 deletion. These data reinforce PBI-4050’s use as a renoprotective therapy and identify GPR40 as a crucial mediator of its beneficial effects.
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Mastuti, Siti, Febriana Nurul, and Kusumastuti Kusumastuti. "GAMBARAN TINGKAT KEPUASAN PELAYANAN PADA PASIEN BPJS PBI DAN PASIEN BPJS NON PBI YANG DIRAWAT DI KELAS III RUMAH SAKIT PKU MUHAMMADIYAH GOMBONG." Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Keperawatan 17, no. 2 (2021): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.26753/jikk.v17i2.660.
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Background : Patient satisfaction is the main thing that is considered in providing services. The success of the services provided in a health facility is the level of patient satisfaction. The Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia believes that the Social Security Organizing Body (BPJS) is a public legal entity created to carry out social security programs. BPJS Kesehatan participants are divided into two, the first is poor people who receive contribution assistance (PBI) and the second is Non PBI participants who are participants who receive wages (PPU), participants who do not receive wages (PBPU) and are not workers whose costs are borne alone or collectively to BPJS Health.Objective : To know the description of the level of service satisfaction in BPJS PBI patients and BPJS Non PBI patients who are treated in class III PKU Muhammadiyah Gombong Hospital.Research Methods : This research is used a descriptive quantitative research design with a cross sectional approach. The population in this study was BPJS PBI 767 patients and BPJS Non PBI 106 patients. Sampling used probability sampling as many as 20 BPJS PBI patients and 10 Non PBI BPJS patients. Data were analyzed by univariate.Results : There is shows the results on the characteristics of BPJS PBI patients with the most sex, namely 16 women (80%), the majority of high school education level is 8 people (40%) and BPJS Non PBI, the most gender is 6 men (60 %), the level of education at most SMP 5 people (50%). The results of the BPJS PBI patients showed 11 people (55%) out of 20 respondents chose the satisfied category and the BPJS Non PBI patients showed 9 people (90%) out of 10 respondents chose the very satisfied category.Recommendations : The results of this study are expected to be a reference or reference in overcoming existing problems and improving quality in terms of services and as additional knowledge about the use of health services in hospitals.
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Hay, Ian. "Cognitive Strategies in the Secondary School: Investigating Process-Based Instruction And Students’ Perceptions of Effective Teaching Strategies." Journal of Cognitive Education and Psychology 1, no. 2 (2000): 164–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/194589500787383634.
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This research was intended to evaluate the effectiveness of the Process-Based Instruction (PBI) procedure and to identify which teaching strategies students perceived as more useful in their learning. Using a comparison group design with an independent evaluator, we gave a sample of secondary students learning tasks that incorporated PBI strategic plans, while a matched sample in the same school was given similar learning tasks but without PBI. The PBI group outperformed the non-PBI group. These findings confirm previous research with mainly elementary school students showing that PBI facilitaties students’ long-term recall of information. The students (N = 40) identified the teaching strategies of modeling and demonstration as the most relevant for their learning, and found teachers who displayed strategies associated with enhancing motivation and feedback to be more effective.
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Sirait, Jumaria, Marlina Agkris Tambunan, Canni Loren Sianturi, Mungkap Mangapul Siahaan, and Johannes Riscy Purba. "Prototipe Kurikulum PBI dan IKMBKM Sesuai Permendikbudristek No.53 Tahun 2023." Edu Cendikia: Jurnal Ilmiah Kependidikan 4, no. 02 (2024): 540–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.47709/educendikia.v4i02.4594.
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This research is based on the paradigm of curriculum application or implementation, so the research data analysis technique uses the ADDIE method, namely Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation to answer the research problem questions: (a) How is the current prototype of the PBI study program curriculum?; (b) How is the prototype of the PBI study program curriculum according to Permendikbudristek No. 53 of 2023? Thus, the purpose of the study is to determine the current PBI curriculum prototype and the PBI curriculum prototype according to Permendikbudristek No. 53 of 2023. The research was carried out in the odd semester of the 2023/2024 academic year. The research results obtained were in the form of a prototype of the PBI study program curriculum development FKIP-UHKBPNP according to Permendikbudristek RI No. 53 of 2023. Furthermore, the agile development method and prototype of the results of the curriculum development were used to be implemented in the PBI study program FKIP-UHKBPNP. The definition of development in this study is a scientific way to obtain data based on initial data, so that it can be used to produce, develop, and validate products. Product validation is also confirmed to users which is carried out through FGD, zoom, or direct meetings. The state of the arts of the research is a documentation study of the current PBI curriculum prototype and curriculum development to produce a PBI curriculum prototype according to Permendikbudristek RI No. 53 of 2023. Thus, the novelty or newness as a research finding is the PBI curriculum prototype according to Permendikbudristek RI No. 53 of 2023 which will be implemented in the PBI study program FKIP-UHKBPNP.
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Pratama, Yanasta Yudo, Muhammad Syamsu Hidayat, Tri Ani Marwati, and Lina Handayani. "Differences in Satisfaction Level between Subsidised JKN Patients and Non-Subsidised JKN Patients: A Case Study in a Hospital in Bantul with Quantitative Analysis Approach." Academic Hospital Journal 4, no. 1 (2023): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ahj.v4i1.71744.
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ABSTRACTIntroduction: The National Health Insurance (JKN) organized by BPJS is a guarantee in the form of health protection so that participants get the benefits of health checks and protection in meeting basic health needs given to everyone. Measuring the level of patient satisfaction is needed to determine the level of service provided by a service provider. To identify differences in the satisfaction of JKN class 3 PBI patients and JKN class 3 non PBI patients who received health services at the place research.Materials and Methods: This study used an analytical observational research design with a cross sectional method through a Quantitative Method approach. Data obtained by using questionnaires and interviews with respondents. The level of patient satisfaction was analyzed using GAP scores, CSI, and Independent Samples T Test.Results: The results of the GAP score indicate that JKN class 3 PBI patients have the lowest GAP score on the reliability dimension, which is -0.1733 and the highest GAP score on the assurance dimension with a score of -0.0875. Meanwhile, JKN class 3 non-PBI patients had the lowest score on the tangibles dimension with -0.1955 and the highest on the reliability dimension with -0.1711. JKN class 3 PBI patients had a CSI score of 69.81% and JKN class 3 non-PBI patients had 66.938%. If statistically tested, there is a significant difference between JKN class 3 PBI patients and JKN class 3 non-PBI patients with p value < 0.05.Conclusion: From the results of the analysis, at the placed research patients are generally satisfied with the services provided. JKN class 3 PBI patients feel more satisfied than JKN class 3 non PBI patients.
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Wibowo, Atmanto Heru, Ninis Makhnunah, Deny Irawati, Candra Purnawan, Nanik Dwi Nurhayati, and Henning Storz. "Synthesis and Thermal-Stability Study of Polybutylene Itaconate Modified with Divinyl Benzene and Glycerol." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 14, no. 3 (2014): 283–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21240.
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Polybutylene itaconate (PBI) for modification with divinyl benzene (DVB) and glycerol has been synthesized at 180 °C for 3 h via polycondensation of itaconic acid (IA) and butanediols using catalyst of Ti(OBu)4. Modification on PBI was done with addition of 15%, 20% and 25% DVB (w/w) using benzoyl peroxide. With glycerol, weight variations of glycerol:1,4-butanediol (BDO) in the synthesis were 10%, 30%, and 50% (mole/mole). PBI and PBI modified with DVB and glycerol were characterized with FTIR and TG-DTA. PBI showed a wavenumber shift from 1703 cm-1 to 1728 cm-1 of the C=O functional group from acid to esther. The DVB modification on PBI also showed that the intensity decrease of C=C stretching was due to the formation of crosslinking on the double bond. In the modification with glycerol, three dimensional networking on the polyester occurred through bonding between hydroxyl of glycerol and acid group of IA. Constant intensity of C=C stretching on polyester was seen. The thermal stability of PBI modified with DVB increased, accompanied by rigidity change of the structure. The thermal stability of PBI modified with glycerol decreased, caused by the decrease of regularity degree and the elasticity increase of the three dimensional structure of polyester.
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Jensen, Gitte S., Liu Yu, Ifeanyi Iloba, Dina Cruickshank, Jose R. Matos, and Robert A. Newman. "Differential Activities of the Botanical Extract PBI-05204 and Oleandrin on Innate Immune Functions under Viral Challenge Versus Inflammatory Culture Conditions." Molecules 28, no. 12 (2023): 4799. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28124799.
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The Nerium oleander extract PBI 05204 (PBI) and its cardiac glycoside constituent oleandrin have direct anti-viral properties. Their effect on the immune system, however, is largely unknown. We used an in vitro model of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells to document effects under three different culture conditions: normal, challenged with the viral mimetic polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid Poly I:C, and inflamed by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cells were evaluated for immune activation marks CD69, CD25, and CD107a, and culture supernatants were tested for cytokines. Both PBI and oleandrin directly activated Natural Killer (NK) cells and monocytes and triggered increased production of cytokines. Under viral mimetic challenge, PBI and oleandrin enhanced the Poly I:C-mediated immune activation of monocytes and NK cells and enhanced production of IFN-γ. Under inflammatory conditions, many cytokines were controlled at similar levels as in cultures treated with PBI and oleandrin without inflammation. PBI triggered higher levels of some cytokines than oleandrin. Both products increased T cell cytotoxic attack on malignant target cells, strongest by PBI. The results show that PBI and oleandrin directly activate innate immune cells, enhance anti-viral immune responses through NK cell activation and IFN-γ levels, and modulate immune responses under inflamed conditions. The potential clinical impact of these activities is discussed.
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Torres, Sandra, Ana Isabel Vieira, Filipa Mucha Vieira, et al. "A Comprehensive Study of Positive Body Image as a Predictor of Psychological Well-Being in Anorexia Nervosa." Nutrients 16, no. 11 (2024): 1787. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu16111787.
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Recent data suggest a close association between positive body image (PBI) and eating disorder recovery. Nevertheless, the specific mechanisms through which PBI may facilitate recovery from anorexia nervosa (AN) remain unknown. To advance understanding of these mechanisms, this study examined core indices of PBI within AN, exploring its association with emotion regulation and well-being outcomes. Data were collected from 159 female participants, 64 with AN diagnosis and 95 healthy controls (HCs), who completed measures of PBI (body appreciation, functionality appreciation, and body responsiveness), emotion regulation, and psychological well-being (depression, anxiety, stress, and psychological quality of life). The AN group reported lower levels of PBI and psychological well-being, along with greater difficulties in regulating emotions, relative to HCs. PBI variables significantly predicted emotion regulation and psychological well-being in AN, accounting for 36% to 72% of the variance, with body appreciation emerging as the strongest predictor. These findings lend credence to the view that PBI can serve as a catalyst for psychological health. We hypothesize that enhancing PBI can improve interoceptive awareness, which is crucial for emotion regulation and reducing maladaptive food-related coping. Emphasizing a mind–body connection in lifestyle could be a relevant element to consider for both treating and preventing AN.
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Oh, Sang-suk. "A Project-Based Curriculum for an Advanced Korean Class: Teaching Korean in the Post-modern Era." Korean Language in America 17, Special Issue 2012 (2012): 128–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/42922362.
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ABSTRACT This paper discusses specific benefits of the project-based curriculum in advanced Korean classes. A theoretical background is presented, and some actual cases of project-based curriculum in upper-level college Korean classes are demonstrated through a discussion of course design and students' self-evaluation of their own learning within the curriculum. For theoretical discussion, the historical background and various definitions of project-based instruction (PBI) are presented. Advantages and challenges of the PBI approach in second (or foreign) language classes are also explored. For case studies of PBI, the course syllabus, course design, and content of fourteen actual individual projects are introduced. In the main part of this paper, student feedback on PBI classes is analyzed in order to assess the advantages of PBI. An analysis of students' own assessments of their learning processes in PBI classes reveals that PBI classes have very positive elements, including the ability to help students improve their various learning skills, deepen their knowledge of content, and improve their language skills.
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Fitriani, Linna, and Nopa Nopiyanti. "Model PBI Dalam Setting Kooperatif Tipe STAD Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Mahasiswa." JURNAL BIOSHELL 10, no. 02 (2021): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.56013/bio.v10i02.1109.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan kemampuan berpikir kreatif mahasiswa yang menggunakan model PBI dalam setting kooperatif tipe STAD dengan model PBI dan Model Konvensional. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah quasy eksperimen dengan pre-test dan post-test group design. Sampel penelitian 3 kelas dari 5 kelas yang ada diambil secara acak. Pengumpulan data menggunakan instrumen berbentuk soal tes. Data dianalisis dengan ANAVA satu Jalur. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian Pembelajaran model PBI dalam setting kooperatif tipe STAD dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kreatif mahasiswa pada mata kuliah fisiologi tumbuhan di Universitas Muhammadiyah Bengkulu. Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan kemampuan berpikir kreatif antara mahasiswa yang diajarkan dengan pembelajaran model PBI dalam setting kooperatif tipe STAD dan mahasiswa yang diajarkan dengan pembelajaran konvensional. Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan kemampuan berpikir kreatif antara mahasiswa yang diajarkan dengan pembelajaran model PBI dan mahasiswa yang diajarkan dengan pembelajaran konvensional. Kemampuan berpikir kreatif mahasiswa yang diajarkan dengan pembelajaran model PBI dalam setting kooperatif tipe STAD dikategorikan ke dalam kelas tinggi.
 Kata kunci: BerpikirKreatif, Model PBI, STAD
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Oh, Sang-suk. "A Project-Based Curriculum for an Advanced Korean Class: Teaching Korean in the Post-modern Era." Korean Language in America 17, Special Issue 2012 (2012): 128–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/korelangamer.17.2012.0128.
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ABSTRACT This paper discusses specific benefits of the project-based curriculum in advanced Korean classes. A theoretical background is presented, and some actual cases of project-based curriculum in upper-level college Korean classes are demonstrated through a discussion of course design and students' self-evaluation of their own learning within the curriculum. For theoretical discussion, the historical background and various definitions of project-based instruction (PBI) are presented. Advantages and challenges of the PBI approach in second (or foreign) language classes are also explored. For case studies of PBI, the course syllabus, course design, and content of fourteen actual individual projects are introduced. In the main part of this paper, student feedback on PBI classes is analyzed in order to assess the advantages of PBI. An analysis of students' own assessments of their learning processes in PBI classes reveals that PBI classes have very positive elements, including the ability to help students improve their various learning skills, deepen their knowledge of content, and improve their language skills.
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Zeng, L., T. S. Zhao, L. An, G. Zhao, and X. H. Yan. "A high-performance sandwiched-porous polybenzimidazole membrane with enhanced alkaline retention for anion exchange membrane fuel cells." Energy & Environmental Science 8, no. 9 (2015): 2768–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ee02047f.
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Polybenzimidazole (PBI)-based membrane electrode assemblies are fabricated with a sandwiched-porous PBI as the membrane and a new catalyst structure using PBI-decorated reduced graphene oxide as the supporting material for anion exchange membrane fuel cells.
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Fan, Wei, Ningning Liang, Dong Meng, et al. "A high performance three-dimensional thiophene-annulated perylene dye as an acceptor for organic solar cells." Chemical Communications 52, no. 77 (2016): 11500–11503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cc05810h.
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A new three-dimensional thiophene-annulated perylene dye, namely tetra-PBI-S, was designed and synthesized. Organic solar cells based on the tetra-PBI-S acceptor show a much higher power conversion efficiency than tetra-PBI based solar cells.
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Morin, Marie-Josée, Gorazd Krosl, Mouna Lagraoui, et al. "Oral Administration of PBI-1402 Significantly Reduces Erythropenia and Accelerates Peripheral Blood Recovery in Myeloablated Mice Post Transplantation." Blood 108, no. 11 (2006): 3201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.3201.3201.
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Abstract The goal of this study was to determine the potential of PBI-1402, a compound that was shown to provide radio- and chemoprotection, to ameliorate the myeloablative therapy induced cytopenia and/or accelerate blood cell recovery of myeloablated hosts following autologous bone marrow transplantation in mouse model. Mice were exposed to irradiation and transplanted the following day with 5×105 bone marrow cells from syngeneic donors. Following transplantation, mice were divided into two groups that received two different doses of PBI-1402 orally and a control group that received PBS for 14 days post transplantation. The results showed that PBI-1402 treatment significantly diminished post-transplant erythropenia in a dose dependent manner. Similarly, determination of haemoglobin (Hb) demonstrated a significant attenuation of Hb loss and additionally, significantly accelerated post-transplantation recovery with the highest dose of PBI-1402. A significantly higher number of platelets was observed with the highest dose of PBI-1402. In addition, similar results were obtained with analysis of white blood cell (WBC) recovery. To determine if the observed effect of PBI-1402 treatment on red blood cell cytopenia and Hb recovery is the consequence of increased erythrocyte progenitor response to Epo, we performed an Epo dose response experiment on CFU-E bone marrow samples obtained from treated and control mice at different time points post transplantation. The results indicated that erythroid progenitors from treated and control mice responded similarly to Epo. However, PBI-1402 treated mice contained significantly higher number of CFU-E. Interestingly, analysis of more primitive Sca1+ progenitors revealed a significant increase in the number of Sca1+ cells from the bone marrow of mice treated with PBI-1402 (p < 0.05). These results demonstrate that PBI-1402 treatment significantly reduced irradiation induced erythropenia with concomitant acceleration in erythroid and Hb recovery. Additionally, treatment with PBI-1402 accelerated WBC recovery and platelet recovery and increased more primitive Sca1+ progenitors. PBI-1402 may offer protection from myeloabaltive therapy or accelerate recovery from remaining resident or transplanted stem cells.
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Gagnon, Lyne, Jean Barabe, Christopher Penney, et al. "Oral Treatment with PBI-1402 Increases Hemoglobin Level and Red Blood Cell Count: A Novel Approach to Treating Chemotherapy-Induced Anemia." Blood 110, no. 11 (2007): 2211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.2211.2211.
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Abstract Background: PBI-1402 is a novel orally active low molecular weight synthetic compound with erythropoiesis stimulating activity. Furthermore, a clinical phase I study showed that PBI-1402 induced a significant increase (100%, p &lt; 0.0001, compared to placebo) of relative and absolute reticulocyte count in healthy volunteers after 21 days of oral treatment and was devoid of significant side effects. Outcomes: The objectives of this clinical phase Ib/II trial were to study the safety and tolerability of PBI-1402 and to assess its biological efficacy on hemoglobin (Hb) level and red blood cell (RBC) count in patients with Chemotherapy-Induced Anemia (CIA). Methods: An open label phase Ib/II trial, monitored by a US CRO (Pharm-Olam International), was conducted in patients developing anemia after chemotherapy treatment. Three cohorts of 6 CIA patients received 8 weeks of treatment with PBI-1402 once a day, at different doses, and were monitored every two weeks for safety, tolerability, Hb level, RBC count and blood chemistry. Patients remained on their chemotherapy during PBI-1402 treatment. Results: To date, 12 CIA patients have completed their PBI-1402 treatment. 83% of patients demonstrated a significant increase in RBC (p = 0.015) and 66% in Hb (p = 0.038). Among the responders, the mean Hb increase was 1.1 g/dL (p = 0.0007) from a baseline Hb value of 9.8 g/dL. No patient required a blood transfusion and only one patient had an Hb content below 9 g/dL (8.9 g/dL). PBI-1402 was well tolerated and no significant side effects were observed. Conclusion: PBI-1402, via a mechanism of action distinct from erythropoietin, induced sufficient erythropoiesis to raise the RBC level and Hb in CIA patients. In addition, PBI-1402 is safe and well tolerated. PBI-1402 offers the potential for a novel therapy of the anemia of CIA.
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Grouix, Brigitte, Nathalie Julien, Mouna Lagraoui, et al. "PBI-1402: A Low Molecular Weight Synthetic Hematopoietic Growth Stimulant." Blood 108, no. 11 (2006): 4222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.4222.4222.
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Abstract PBI-1402 is a non-toxic, well-defined low molecular weight synthetic hematopoietic growth stimulant. PBI-1402 promotes the proliferation and maturation of hematopoietic progenitors (myeloid and erythroid populations) yielding a biological efficacy comparable to G-CSF, GM-CSF and EPO in in vitro human bone marrow cell proliferation and colony formation assays. An additive effect is observed when PBI-1402 is combined with G-CSF, GM-CSF and EPO. In human bone marrow colony assay, PBI-1402 enhances the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells: CFU-GEMM, CFU-GM with a predominant effect on BFU-E. Furthermore, PBI-1402 exerts its activity via a different mechanism of action than EPO and stem cell factor (SCF) and at an earlier stage on more immature hematopoietic progenitors. PBI-1402 is targeted as an adjunct to cancer chemo/radiotherapy, bone marrow transplantation and diseases involving neutropenia and anemia.
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Kim, Kyoung Ju, and Chang Ok Suh. "Partial Breast Irradiation (PBI)." Journal of Korean Breast Cancer Society 7, no. 2 (2004): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4048/jkbcs.2004.7.2.65.
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Aprillia, Devi, Mustika Mustika, and Asih Sutanti. "PERANCANGAN APLIKASI PENGAJUAN PESERTA PBI JKN PADA DINAS SOSIAL KOTA METRO." Jurnal Mahasiswa Sistem Informasi (JMSI) 2, no. 2 (2021): 185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.24127/jmsi.v2i2.1025.
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PBI JKN atau Penerima Bantuan Iuran Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional, adalah peserta jaminan kesehatan bagi fakir miskin dan orang tidak mampu yang iurannya dibayari oleh pemerintah sebagi peserta program jaminan kesehatan. Peserta PBI JKN adalah fakir miskin yang ditetapkan oleh pemerintah dan diatur melalui peraturan pemerintah. Alur untuk menjadi peserta PBI JKN yang pertama peserta menyiapkan persyaratan berupa fotocopy KTP suami istri 2 lembar, Surat Keterangan Tidak Mampu (SKTM) dari Kelurahan 1 asli 1 fotocopy, fotocopy Kartu Keluarga (KK) 2 lembar. Jika persyaratan sudah dilengkapi maka akan dibuatkan surat rekomendasi dari Dinas Sosial, kemudian surat rekomendasi dari Dinas Sosial diantarkan ke Dinas Kesehatan. Jumlah peserta PBI JKN saat ini pada Kota Metro 53.023 warga. Mengingat jumlah peserta yang relative banyak, tentunya data PBI JKN harus diolah dengan baik agar masyarakat dengan kepesertaan PBI JKN dalam Program Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional-Kartu Indonesia Sehat bisa tepat sasaran. Pengolahan data saat ini menggunakan Microsoft Excel dan Microsoft Word. Kelemahan: Pencetakan atau permohonan surat rekomendasi saat ini menggunakan Microsoft Word, sehingga membutuhkan waktu yang lama apabila ada warga yang mengantri untuk membuat surat rekomendasi PBI JKN karena harus membuatkan surat rekomendasi PBI JKN satu persatu karena belum secara otomatis. Aplikasi dirancang menggunakan pendekatan pemrograman terstruktur yang berbasis desktop, dengan teknik pengujian aplikasi menggunakan teknik Black Box Testing. Bahasa pemrograman yang digunakan adalah Java NetBeans, dengan database MySQL dan report menggunakan iReport. Alat pengembangan sistem yang digunakan antara lain flowchart, dfd, erd. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut, maka dibutuhkan sebuah aplikasi yang dapat membantu untuk proses pembuatan surat rekomendasi PBI JKN pada Dinas Sosial Kota Metro.
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Nadz, Tsani Farhatun, and Cici Nurul Haq. "Perbandingan Peningkatan Kemampuan Penalaran Matematis Siswa Yang Memperoleh Pembelajaran Melalui Metode Problem Based Instruction (PBL) Dengan Metode Konvensional." Mosharafa: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika 2, no. 3 (2013): 191–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.31980/mosharafa.v2i3.303.
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Reasoning is activity or process of thinking to interest or make a new right expression. However, in fact, the activity mathematics is still low. This research uses two models of learning, they are Problem Based Instruction (PBI) method and convensional method. The purpose of this research is to find out the comparison of the students' achievement of know activity mathematics between using PBI method learning and convensional method learning, to find out the students' activity who get PBI and Convensional method learning, this research uses a significant level 5%. Having the posttest can be concluded that the outcomes of know avtivity mathematics between students who get PBI method learning is better than the students who get Convensional method learning. Penalaran merupakan suatu kegiatan, suatu proses atau suatu aktivitas berpikir untuk menarik kesimpulan atau membuat suatu pernyataan baru yang benar berdasarkan beberapa pernyataan yang kebenarannya telah dibuktikan atau diasumsikan sebelumnya. Akan tetapi pada kenyataannya penalaran matematis siswa masih rendah. Penelitian ini menggunakan 2 metode pembelajaran yaitu metode pembelajaran Problem Based Instruction (PBI) dan Konvensional. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbandingan Kemampuan penalaran matematis antara siswa yang mendapatkan model pembelajaran PBI dan Konvensional, untuk mengetahui sikap siswa terhadap model pembelajaran PBI dan Konvensional, untuk mengetahui aktvitas siswa yang mendapatkan model pembelajaran PBI dan Konvensional dengan taraf signifikan 5%. Setelah melakukan tes akhir dan uji gain dapat diambil kesimpulan peningkatan kemampuan penalaran matematis antara siswa yang mendapatkan model pembelajaran PBI lebih baik dibandingkan dengan siswa yang mendapatkan model pembelajaran Konvensional.