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Journal articles on the topic 'PC/PBT blends'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 September 2021

Last updated: 17 July 2025

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1

Mane, Prajakta, Ashok J. Keche, and Swamini Chopra. "Correlation of Wear Behavior of PBT/PC Blend with Crystallographic Structure: A Comprehensive Study on Wear Rate and Crystal Structure." Materials Science Forum 1135 (December 12, 2024): 83–90. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-8jeg9d.

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Polymer blends, particularly those containing Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and Polycarbonate (PC), are extensively utilized in various industrial applications due to their favorable mechanical and thermal properties. Enhancing the performance of such blends necessitates an understanding of the relationship between their crystalline structure and wear behavior. This study investigates the correlation between wear characteristics and structural aspects of PBT/PC blends having varying PC content. Additionally, techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD) and optical microscopy of the worn-out surface are employed. The findings reveal a strong connection between the wear behavior of PBT/PC blends and their crystallographic structure. This study provides useful insights into the wear mechanism and crystallization behavior of PBT/PC blends. Specifically, it is observed that with increasing PC content in the blends, the wear resistance is influenced by the size of crystallites, wherein smaller crystallites demonstrate a greater ability to withstand abrasive action-induced damage. The wear performance of the PBT/PC blend with 70% PC improves by ~37% as a result of the formation of a semi-orderly chain structure with a smaller crystallite size. A mechanism is also explained herein related to the change in the nature of crystallization of PBT/PC blends with increasing PC content. In conclusion, this study underscores the importance of considering crystallographic structure when assessing the wear behavior of polymer blends such as PBT/PC.

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2

Tran, Ngoc-Thien, and Nga Thi-Hong Pham. "Investigation of the Effect of Polycarbonate Rate on Mechanical Properties of Polybutylene Terephthalate/Polycarbonate Blends." International Journal of Polymer Science 2021 (August 14, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7635048.

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Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) is a brittle polymer with the disadvantage of low impact toughness, so it is not easy to meet the requirements of both high tensile strength, flexural strength, and high impact strength. In this study, PBT/polycarbonate (PC) blends at different ratios of 95/5, 90/10, 85/15, and 80/20 are investigated. Tensile strength, flexural strength, and unnotched Izod impact strength are studied according to the ASTM D638, ASTM D790, and ASTM D256 standards. The results show that tensile strength, which increased with increasing PC content, is 53.00, 62.34, 60.59, 62.98, and 64.46 MPa for 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20% PC samples. Flexural strength and elastic flexural testing of PBT/PC blends are higher than neat PBT. In addition, the unnotched Izod impact strength of PBT/PC is also higher than PBT. However, when PC content increases, impact strength tends to decrease. Impact strength is 44.82, 80.46, 68.82, 50.45, and 48.05 kJ/m2 corresponds to 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20% PC, in which 5% PC sample is twice as high as the impact strength of PBT. Microstructure of the blends has shown that PC has become dispersed phase in PBT matrix. The size and quantity of dispersed PC particles increase with increasing PC rate in the blend. Thus, when adding PC, PBT/PC all meet the requirements of high tensile strength, flexural strength, and high impact strength. The PBT/5% PC model gives the highest impact strength while still ensuring durability, which potential application for making car door handles.

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3

Jinxin, He, Guo Yang, Sun Shulin, and Zhang Huixuan. "Influence of methyl methacrylate-co-glycidyl methacrylate copolymers on the compatibility, morphology and mechanical properties of poly(butylene terephthalate) and polycarbonate blends." Journal of Polymer Engineering 35, no. 3 (2015): 247–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2014-0200.

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Abstract Methyl methacrylate-co-glycidyl methacrylate copolymers (MMA-co-GMA) were prepared to compatibilize the poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) and polycarbonate (PC) blends. The chemical reactions between the PBT and the epoxy groups and the good miscibility between the PC and the poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) phase were responsible for the excellent compatibilization effect of the MMA-co-GMA copolymers. The MMA-co-GMA copolymers decreased the melting and crystallization temperature of the PBT phase in the PBT/PC blends. Dynamic mechanical analysis result showed that the exchange reactions were inhibited due to the compatibilization reactions owing to the consumption of the carboxyl/hydroxyl end groups of the PBT phase. MMA-co-GMA copolymers decreased the phase domain size of the PBT/PC blends, and with the increase in GMA content in the MMA-co-GMA copolymers, the blends changed from a double continuous phase to a single continuous phase structure. Tensile test indicated that the yield stress, elongation at break and elastic modulus of the PBT/PC blends increased due to the addition of MMA-co-GMA. The impact strength of the blends changed unnoticeably.

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4

Bai, Huiyu, Yong Zhang, Yinxi Zhang, Xiangfu Zhang, and Wen Zhou. "Toughening Modification of Poly(butylene terephthalate)/Polycarbonate Blends by Poly(ethylene-co-octene)." Polymers and Polymer Composites 13, no. 4 (2005): 385–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739110501300405.

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New toughened poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT)/bisphenol A polycarbonate (PC) blends were obtained by melt blending with commercial poly(ethylene-co-octene) copolymer (POE), varying the POE content up to 10 wt%, in a twin screw extruder, followed by injection moulding. The influence of POE on the properties of the PBT/PC blends was investigated in terms of mechanical testing, dynamic mechanical thermal (DMTA) analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). The results showed that addition of POE led to remarkable increases in the impact strength, elongation at break and Vicat temperature, and a reduction in the tensile strength and flexural properties of PBT/PC blends. The morphology of the blends was observed using SEM and the average diameter of the dispersed phase was determined by image analysis. The critical inter-particle distance for PBT/PC was determined.

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5

Pham, Thi Hong Nga, Nguyen Phuong Duy Tran, Thien Khiem Tran, et al. "Effect of PC Percentages on Hardness and Notched Impact Strength of PBT/PC Blends." Solid State Phenomena 329 (March 25, 2022): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-781ca3.

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Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) has been proven to be a potential material for modern car bumpers. However, the potential of PBT is limited by its low notched impact strength. The main aim of this study is the improvement in the notched impact strength of PBT by blending with polycarbonate (PC). PBT/PC blend at different ratios (95/5, 90/10, 85/15, 80/20) is investigated in notched Izod impact strength (ASTM D256) and hardness (ASTM D2240). Results are compared to those of neat PBT. It was found that notched Izod impact strength decreased with increasing PC rate in the blend, overall, from 4.35 kJ/m2 of neat PBT to 3.37 kJ/m2 of 80/20 blend. The microstructure of testing samples was observed through FESEM images taken at fracture surfaces to determine the cause of the decrease. The low interfacial adhesion between PBT and PC phases is believed to be the main reason. However, an increase in notched impact strength was shown, from 4.18 kJ/m2 of 95/5 blend to 4,71 kJ/m2 of 90/10 blend. This result is presumed to be due to the compatibilizing effect of PBT-PC copolymers formed during the melt blending process. Hardness testing result demonstrates neither significant improvement nor deterioration. It concluded that it is possible to improve the notched impact strength of PBT by blending with PC. The PBT/10% PC blend is a suitable choice for car bumper material since its notch impact strength is higher than neat PBT.

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6

Brilihart, Mark V., Peggy Cebe, and Malcolm Capel. "Real-Time X-Ray Scattering of Binary Polymer Blends: Poly(Butylene Terephthalate)/Polycarbonate." Advances in X-ray Analysis 38 (1994): 489–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s0376030800018140.

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X-ray scattering is a powerful analytical tool for evaluation of phase structure in crystallizable polymers blends. Our group has been studying crystallization kinetics and micro structure development in binary polymer blends using real-time small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Here we describe our research on blends of a crystallizable polymer, poly(burylene terephthalate), PBT, with an amorphous polymer, polycarbonate), PC. In prior studies, we used the same crystalline polymer blended with amorphous polyarylate, PAr. The PBT/PAr system was shown to be inisciblu at all compositions in the melt state. In the present case, PBT/PC blends are not believed to be miscible in the melt. This study was undertaken to determine whether the PBT crystallization kinetics were affected by the presence of low molecular weight PC. This is part of a larger study to investigate the effects of different molecular weights on partial miscibility and on structure development in binary polymer blends.

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7

Santos, José M. R. C. A., and James T. Guthrie. "Polymer blends: the PC–PBT case." J. Mater. Chem. 16, no. 3 (2006): 237–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b502036k.

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8

Rejisha, C. P., S. Soundararajan, N. Sivapatham, and K. Palanivelu. "Effect of MWCNT on Thermal, Mechanical, and Morphological Properties of Polybutylene Terephthalate/Polycarbonate Blends." Journal of Polymers 2014 (April 24, 2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/157137.

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This paper evaluated the effect of multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) on the properties of PBT/PC blends. The nanocomposites were obtained by melt blending MWCNT in the weight percentages 0.15, 0.3, and 0.45 wt% with PBT/PC blends in a high performance corotating twin screw extruder. Samples were characterized by tensile testing, dynamic mechanical analysis, thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Concentrations of PBT and PC are optimized as 80 : 20 based on mechanical properties. A small amount of MWCNT shows better increase in the thermal and mechanical properties of the blends of PBT/PC nanocomposite when compared to nanoclays or inorganic fillers. The ultimate tensile strength of the nanocomposites increased from 54 MPa to 85 MPa with addition of MWCNT up to 0.3% and then decreased.The tensile modulus values were increased to about 60% and the flexural modulus was more than about 80%. The impact strength was also improved with 20% PC to about 60% and with 0.15% MWCNT to about 50%. The HDT also improved from 127°C to 205°C. It can be seen from XRD result that the crystallinity of PBT is less affected by incorporating MWCNT. The crystallizing temperature was increased and the MWCNT may act as a strong nucleating agent.

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9

Düsenberg, Björn, Julian D. Esper, Felix Maußner, et al. "Control of Crystallization of PBT-PC Blends by Anisotropic SiO2 and GeO2 Glass Flakes." Polymers 14, no. 21 (2022): 4555. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14214555.

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Polymer composites and blend systems are of increasing importance, due to the combination of unique and different material properties. Blending polybutylene terephatalte (PBT) with polycarbonate (PC) has been the focus of attention for some time in order to combine thermo-chemical with mechanical resistance. The right compounding of the two polymers is a particular challenge, since phase boundaries between PBT and PC lead to coalescence during melting, and thus to unwanted segregation within the composite material. Amorphization of the semi-crystalline PBT would significantly improve the blending of the two polymers, which is why specific miscibility aids are needed for this purpose. Recent research has focused on the functionalization of polymers with shape-anisotropic glass particles. The advantage of those results from their two-dimensional shape, which not only improves the mechanical properties but are also suspected to act as miscibility aids, as they could catalyze transesterification or act as crystallization modifier. This work presents a process route for the production of PBT-PC blends via co-comminution and an in-situ additivation of the polymer blend particles with anisotropic glass flakes to adjust the crystallinity and therefore enhance the miscibility of the polymers.

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10

Wang, Ping, Li Hua Cheng, and Jian Qing Zhao. "Study on the Reaction and Thermo-Physical Properties of PC and PBT Blend." Advanced Materials Research 472-475 (February 2012): 1831–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.472-475.1831.

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Blends of polycarbonate (PC) and poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) were investigated. For 40 wt % PBT, it forms a continuous phase, the glass transition temperature (Tg) shifts to the lower temperature region. This direct comparison of XRD patterns of pure PBT and PBT containing 1.1% TPPi studied the impact of the crystallization of PBT and TPPi. We can see that diffraction peaks of XRD diagram of PBT/TPPi were broadened. When PBT content was added to 1.1% TPPi, the FWHM increases from 3.8 to 4.2 when diffraction angle was in the range of 16.9 degrees to 17.1 degrees. Thus, the addition of TPPi resulted in the small spherulite size of PBT phase, thus elaborating the sample transparency phenomenon.

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11

Bai, Huiyu, Yong Zhang, Yinxi Zhang, Xiangfu Zhang, and Wen Zhou. "Toughening modification of PBT/PC blends by PTW." Polymer Testing 24, no. 2 (2005): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2004.08.002.

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12

Mishra, S. P., and P. Venkidusamy. "Structural and thermal behavior of PC/PBT blends." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 58, no. 12 (1995): 2229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070581211.

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13

Remiro, P. M., and J. Nazábal. "Phase behavior of ternary PBT–PC/phenoxy blends." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 42, no. 5 (1991): 1475–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1991.070420533.

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14

Pompe, G., L. H�u�ler, and W. Winter. "Investigations of the equilibrium melting temperature in PBT and PC/PBT blends." Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 34, no. 2 (1996): 211–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-0488(19960130)34:2<211::aid-polb1>3.0.co;2-w.

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15

Zheng, Xiaolei, and Bianying Wen. "Practical PBT/PC/GNP composites with anisotropic thermal conductivity." RSC Advances 9, no. 62 (2019): 36316–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra07168g.

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The selective distribution of thermally conductive fillers in a co-continuous polymer blends provides an industrialized preparation method that takes into account both the properties and functions of thermally conductive composites.

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16

Wu, Jian Sheng, and Yiu Wing Mai. "Impact Strength and Failure Mechanisms of PBT/PC Blends." Key Engineering Materials 145-149 (October 1997): 793–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.145-149.793.

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17

Sánchez, P., P. M. Remiro, and J. Nazábal. "Physical properties and structure of unreacted PC/PBT blends." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 50, no. 6 (1993): 995–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1993.070500609.

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18

Zhang, Wenyang, Jingqing Li, Yingrui Shang, Hongfei Li, Shichun Jiang, and Lijia An. "Deformation-induced structure evolution of poly(butylene terephthalate)/poly(carbonate) blends during uniaxial stretching." CrystEngComm 19, no. 45 (2017): 6858–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ce01465a.

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19

Bai, Huiyu, Yong Zhang, Yinxi Zhang, Xiangfu Zhang, and Wen Zhou. "Toughening modification of PBT/PC blends with PTW and POE." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 101, no. 1 (2006): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.22436.

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20

Remiro, P. M., and J. Nazábal. "Development of interchange reactions in ternary PBT-PC/phenoxy blends." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 42, no. 6 (1991): 1639–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1991.070420618.

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21

Pompe, G., E. Meyer, H. Komber, and H. Hamann. "Influence of PBT crystallization on miscibility degree of amorphous phase in PC/PBT melt blends." Thermochimica Acta 187 (September 1991): 185–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(91)87193-z.

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22

Öge, Mecit. "Effect of GNP Addition on Thermal and Electrical Properties of Polycarbonate-poly(butylene terephthalate) Blends." Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Sciences and Engineering 25, no. 1 (2025): 144–51. https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.1510405.

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PC-PBT/GNP nanocomposite samples were fabricated via melt-compounding technique. The agglomeration state of the produced samples was investigated via optical microscopy. The thermal properties of the samples were assessed with DSC and TGA techniques. Electrical conductivity tests were also performed to determine whether a conductive pathway is established due to GNP addition. The crystallinity calculations derived from DSC measurements showed that the crystallinity of samples was reduced with increasing GNP content. The increased degradation temperatures with increasing filler content showed that a slight improvement in the thermal stability of the PC-PBT blends is achieved by increasing the filler ratio. Electrical conductivity test results indicated establishment of a conductive pathway at higher filler ratios with 1.35 x 10-4 S/m and 6.89 x 10-4 S/m conductivity values for 5 % and 7 % filler weight fractions, respectively.

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23

Lee, Keum-Hyang, Ji-Young Shin, Hyo-Yeon Yu, Dong-Hwan Kwak, Chang-Keun Kim, and Sang-Doo Ahn. "Kinetic Study of Transesterification in PC/PBT Blends Using NMR Spectroscopy." Polymer Korea 40, no. 3 (2016): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.7317/pk.2016.40.3.385.

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24

Wilkinson, A. N., D. Cole, and S. B. Tattum. "The effects of transesterification on structure development in PC-PBT blends." Polymer Bulletin 35, no. 6 (1995): 751–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00294959.

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25

Lei, Caihong, Dahua Chen, Yuhui Gou, and Weiliang Huang. "Influence of silicone phosphate on the transesterification in PBT/PC blends." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 113, no. 1 (2009): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.29953.

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26

Tjong, S. C., and Wei Jiang. "In-situ reinforcement of PBT/ABS blends with liquid crystalline polymer." Polymer Composites 21, no. 6 (2000): 941–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.10247.

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27

Pompe, G., and L. H�ubler. "Investigations of transesterification in PC/PBT melt blends and the proof of immiscibility of PC and PBT at completely suppressed transesterification." Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 35, no. 13 (1997): 2161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-0488(19970930)35:13<2161::aid-polb16>3.0.co;2-2.

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28

Wang, Ke, and Jing Shen Wu. "Mechanical Properties and Fracture Mechanisms of Fiber Reinforced PBT/PC/Elastomer Blends." Key Engineering Materials 177-180 (April 2000): 363–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.177-180.363.

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29

Nouh, S. A., A. Abou Elfadl, Ali A. Alhazime, and Abdulaziz M. Al-Harbi. "Effect of proton irradiation on the physical properties of PC/PBT blends." Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids 173, no. 7-8 (2018): 629–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10420150.2018.1490286.

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30

Jin, Yimin, J. Bonilla, Ye-Gang Lin, J. Morgan, Linda McCracken, and J. Carnahan. "A study of PBT/PC blends by modulated DSC and conventional DSC." Journal of Thermal Analysis 46, no. 3-4 (1996): 1047–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01983620.

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31

Ferreira, Ana Carolina, Milton Faria Diniz, Ana Clélia Babetto Ferreira, Natália Beck Sanches, and Elizabeth da Costa Mattos. "FT-IR/UATR and FT-IR transmission quantitative analysis of PBT/PC blends." Polymer Testing 85 (May 2020): 106447. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2020.106447.

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32

Zhao, Tipeng, Junwei Ai, Peitao Wang, et al. "Research of the influence factors on transesterification reaction degree in PC/PBT blends." Advanced Industrial and Engineering Polymer Research 2, no. 4 (2019): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aiepr.2019.09.005.

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33

Sun, Shulin, Zhiyong Tan, Chao Zhou, Mingyao Zhang, and Huixuan Zhang. "Effect of ABS grafting degree and compatibilization on the properties of PBT/ABS blends." Polymer Composites 28, no. 4 (2007): 484–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.20318.

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34

Sasdipan, Krisna, Azizon Kaesaman, and Charoen Nakason. "Thermoplastic Natural Rubber Based on Blending of Co-Polyester: Effect of Amount of Epoxide Groups in Epoxidized Natural Rubber on Preperties." Advanced Materials Research 626 (December 2012): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.626.50.

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TPNRs based on blending of co-polyester (i.e., PBT/PC) and epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) with various epoxide content (i.e., 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mol% epoxide) were prepared by dynamic vulcanization. It was found that the co-polyester/ENR blends gave better properties (i.e., mechanical, dynamic mechanical, morphological and oil resistant properties) than that of co-polyester/unmodified NR blend. It was also found that co-polyester/ENR with 50 mol% epoxide exhibited the highest tensile strength, elongation at break, modulus at 100% elongation, hardness, storage modulus, complex viscosity and oil resistant properties but showed the lowest tension set value. This indicates the highest elasticity. Moreover, it was found that size of vulcanized rubber domains dispersed in thermoplastic matrix decreased with increasing the epoxide content in ENR molecules.

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35

Hu, Yuanjiao, Shixin Song, Xue Lv, and Shulin Sun. "Enhanced Properties of PBT/PC Blends with the Addition of Carboxyl-functionalized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube." Polymer Korea 42, no. 2 (2018): 206–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.7317/pk.2018.42.2.206.

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36

Lyu, M. Y., Y. Pae, and C. Nah. "Investigation of the Mechanical Properties and Chemical Resistance of PC/PBT/Impact Modifier Blends." International Polymer Processing 18, no. 4 (2003): 382–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/217.1756.

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37

Hopfe, I., G. Pompe, K. J. Eichhorn, and L. Häußler. "FTIR spectroscopy of PC/PBT melt blends: influence of crystallite morphology and copolyester content." Journal of Molecular Structure 349 (April 1995): 443–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-2860(95)08804-5.

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38

Zhu, Chu, and Gary M. Hieftje. "Near-Infrared Analysis of Chemical Constituents and Physical Characteristics of Polymers." Applied Spectroscopy 46, no. 1 (1992): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702924444416.

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The polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) concentration and intrinsic viscosity of polycarbonate (PC) polymer blends were determined by means of near-infrared (NIR) reflectance and absorption spectrometry coupled with multiple regression analysis. The cross-search method was used in the selection of analytical wavelengths, whereas the correctness of the determinations was confirmed by cross validation. The correlation coefficients between the reference and NIR-determined values for the reflectance and absorption techniques were 0.979 and 0.955, respectively. The apparent number of orthogonal degrees of freedom in the polymer standards was affected by the number of samples employed in the NIR regression analysis.

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39

Lin, Gong-Peng, Ling Lin, Xiu-Li Wang, Li Chen, and Yu-Zhong Wang. "PBT/PC Blends Compatibilized and Toughened via Copolymers in Situ Formed by MgO-Catalyzed Transesterification." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 54, no. 4 (2015): 1282–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie504032w.

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40

Montaudo, Giorgio, Concetto Puglisi, and Filippo Samperi. "Mechanism of Exchange in PBT/PC and PET/PC Blends. Composition of the Copolymer Formed in the Melt Mixing Process." Macromolecules 31, no. 3 (1998): 650–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma9712054.

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41

Wang, Ke, Jingshen Wu, and Hanmin Zeng. "Microstructures and fracture behavior of glass-fiber reinforced PBT/PC/E-GMA elastomer blends—1: microstructures." Composites Science and Technology 61, no. 11 (2001): 1529–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0266-3538(01)00055-0.

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42

Kolesov, Gor S., and Hans-Joachim Radusch. "Segment relaxation in PBT/PC and PA6/ABS blends as studied by thermally stimulated depolarization currents." Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part B 38, no. 5-6 (1999): 1055–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222349908248159.

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43

Fu, Yan, Haihe Song, Chao Zhou, Shulin Sun, and Huixuan Zhang. "Influence of core-shell particles structure on the morphology and brittle-ductile transition of PBT/ABS-g-GMA blends." Polymer Composites 34, no. 1 (2012): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.22372.

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44

Garbauskas, Mary F., Donald G. LeGrand, and Raymond P. Goehner. "Application of Grazing Incidence X-Ray Diffraction to Polymer Blends." Advances in X-ray Analysis 36 (1992): 373–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s037603080001898x.

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AbstractThe physical properties of polymer blends consisting of one or more crystallizable components are affected by the microstructure of these materials. In particular, the degree of crystallinity can be influenced by processing parameters, and the crystallinity, as well as the phase distribution, may vary as a function of depth through an injection molded part. Conventional x-ray diffraction techniques can provide information regarding both phase composition and degree of crystallinity, but, because of the relative transparency of these materials to wavelengths generally available in the laboratory, these techniques provide information representative of only the bulk. By employing parallel beam optics at varying grazing incidence angles, the x-ray sampling depth can be varied without loss of resolution, This technique can be used to vary the effective analysis depth from the top several hundred angstroms for low grazing incidence to centimeters for transmission diffraction patterns, Grazing incidence techniques have found initial application in the characterization of thin metallic and ceramic films. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of using parallel beam optics to depth profile low atomic number materials. The specific application of this technique to the characterization of injection molded polymers, including a blend of bisphenol-A polycarbonate (PC) and polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), will be presented.

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Fagelman, K. E., and J. T. Guthrie. "Polymer blend formulation and processing, with reference to the nature and the behaviour of pigmented polycarbonate — poly(butylene terephthalate) (PC-PBT) blends." Surface Coatings International Part B: Coatings Transactions 89, no. 1 (2006): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02699609.

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Liu, Shumei, Lei Jiang, Zhijie Jiang, Jianqing Zhao, and Yi Fu. "The impact of resorcinol bis(diphenyl phosphate) and poly(phenylene ether) on flame retardancy of PC/PBT blends." Polymers for Advanced Technologies 22, no. 12 (2010): 2392–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pat.1775.

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Kuram, Emel, Babur Ozcelik, Faruk Yilmaz, Gokhan Timur, and Zeynep Munteha Sahin. "The effect of recycling number on the mechanical, chemical, thermal, and rheological properties of PBT/PC/ABS ternary blends: With and without glass-fiber." Polymer Composites 35, no. 10 (2014): 2074–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.22869.

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Hopfe, I., G. Pompe, and K. J. Eichhorn. "Ordered structures and progressive transesterification in PC/PBT melt blends studied by FT i.r. spectroscopy combined with d.s.c. and n.m.r." Polymer 38, no. 10 (1997): 2321–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0032-3861(96)00800-2.

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Liu, Hao, Simin Chen, Chengdi Li, et al. "Preparation and Characterization of Polycarbonate-Based Blend System with Favorable Mechanical Properties and 3D Printing Performance." Polymers 15, no. 20 (2023): 4066. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15204066.

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Recently, material extrusion (MEX) 3D printing technology has attracted extensive attention. However, some high-performance thermoplastic polymer resins, such as polycarbonate (PC), cannot be processed by conventional MEX printing equipment due to poor processing performance. In order to develop new PC-based printing materials suitable for MEX, PC/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) blends were prepared using a simple polymer blending technique. It was found that the addition of PBAT component significantly improved processing performance of the PC, making the blends processable at 250 °C. More importantly, the PC was completely compatible with the PBAT, and the PBAT effectively reduced the Tg of the blends, endowing the blends with essential 3D printing performance. Furthermore, methyl methacrylate-butadiene-styrene terpolymer (MBS) was introduced into the PC/PBAT blends to improve toughness. SEM observations demonstrated that MBS particles, as stress concentration points, triggered shear yielding of polymer matrix and absorbed impact energy substantially. In addition, the MBS had little effect on the 3D printing performance of the blends. Thus, a PC/PBAT/MBS blend system with favorable comprehensive mechanical properties and 3D printing performance was achieved. This work can provide guidance for the development of novel MEX printing materials and is of great significance for expanding the variety of MEX printing materials.

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Seo, Jae Sik, Ho Tak Jeon, and Tae Hee Han. "Rheological Investigation of Relaxation Behavior of Polycarbonate/Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene Blends." Polymers 12, no. 9 (2020): 1916. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12091916.

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The rheological properties of polycarbonate/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (PC/ABS) blends with various blend ratios are investigated at different temperatures to determine the shear dependent chain motions in a heterogeneous blend system. At low frequency levels under 0.1 rad/s, the viscosity of the material with a blend ratio of 3:7 (PC:ABS) is higher than that of pure ABS polymer. As the temperature increases, the viscosities of ABS-rich blends increase rather than decrease, whereas PC-rich blends exhibit decrease in viscosity. Results from the time sweep measurements indicate that ordered structures of PC and the formation and breakdown of internal network structures of ABS polymer occur simultaneously in the blend systems. Newly designed sequence test results show that the internal structures formed between PC and ABS polymers are dominant at low shear conditions for the blend ratio of 3:7 and effects of structural change and the presence of polybutadiene (PBD) become dominant at high shear conditions for pure ABS. The results of yield stress and relaxation time for PC/ABS blends support this phenomenon. The specimen with a blend ratio of 3:7 exhibited the highest value of yield stress at high temperature among others, which implies that the internal structure become stronger at higher temperature. The heterogeneity of ABS-rich blends increases whereas that of PC-rich blends decreases as temperature increases.

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