To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: PC3.
Journal articles on the topic 'PC3'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'PC3.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Al-Sehemi, Abdullah G., Tarek M. El-Gogary, Karl Peter Wolschann, and Gottfried Koehler. "Structure and Stability of Chemically Modified DNA Bases: Quantum Chemical Calculations on 16 Isomers of Diphosphocytosine." ISRN Physical Chemistry 2013 (February 25, 2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/146401.
Full textAbstract:
We studied for the first time 16 tautomers/rotamers of diphosphocytosine by four computational methods. Some of these tautomers/rotamers are isoenergetic although they have different structures. High-level electron correlation MP2 and MP4(SDQ) ab initio methods and density functional methods employing a B3LYP and the new M06-2X functional were used to study the structure and relative stability of 16 tautomers/rotamers of diphosphocytosine. The dienol tautomers of diphosphocytosine are shown to be much more stable than the keto-enol and diketo forms. The tautomers/rotamers stability could be ranked as PC3 = PC12 < PC2 = PC11 < PC1 < PC10 < PC8 < PC9 < PC15 < PC16 < PC6 ~ PC7 < PC13 < PC4 ~ PC14 < PC5. This stability order was discussed in the light of stereo and electronic factors. Solvation effect has been modeled in a high dielectric solvent, water using the polarized continuum model (PCM). Consideration of the solvent causes some reordering of the relative stability of diphosphocytosine tautomers: PC3 ~ PC12 ~ PC2 ~ PC11 < PC1 < PC10 < PC8 < PC9 < PC15 ~ PC16 < PC13 < PC6 ~ PC7 ~ PC14 < PC4 ~ PC5.
2
Alkhasawneh, Mutasem Shabeb. "Software Defect Prediction through Neural Network and Feature Selections." Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing 2022 (September 26, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2581832.
Full textAbstract:
Software failure such as software defect causes billion of dollar loss every year. Software failure also affects billion of people worldwide. Inadequate software testing can cause software failure. To predict the software defect, this study proposed a model consisting of feature selection and classifications. The correlation base method was used for feature selection, and radial base function neural network (RBF) was used for classification. Also, for testing the proposed system, fourteen NASA data sets were used including CM1, JM1, KC1, KC2, KC3, KC4, MC1, MC2, MW1, PC1, PC2, PC3, PC4, and PC5. The data set was divided using the well-known K-cross-validation methods which were performed to divide the data set for training and testing the RBF. The RBF were trained and tested before and after feature selections. Precision, recall, F-measure, and accuracy are four methods used to evaluate the performance of the proposed methods. The precision obtained for the fourteen data sets was CM1, 94.01%; JM1, 85.18%; KC1, 83.24%; KC2, 81.27%; KC3, 79.30%; KC4, 85.29%; MC1, 99.89%; MC2, 73.27%; MW1, 90.90%; PC1, 98.79%; PC2, 100%; PC3, 95.67%; PC4, 95.12%; and PC5, 80.89%. Recall was as follows: CM1, 95.78%; JM1, 87.89%; KC1, 86.24%; KC2, 83.82%; KC3, 82.10%; KC4, 86.28%; MC1, 100%; MC2, 76.67%; MW1, 92.09%; PC1, 99.98%; PC2, 100%; PC3, 96.23%; PC4, 95.17%; and PC5, 81.80%. F-measure was as follows: CM1, 0.95; JM1, 0.87; KC1, 0.83; KC2, 0.82; KC3, 0.85; KC4, 0.86; MC1, 0.99; MC2, 0.76; MW1, 0.95; PC1, 0.99; PC2, 0.99; PC3, 0.97; PC4, 0.95; and PC5, 0.80. The accuracy obtained was as follows: CM1, 93.99%; JM1, 84.87%; KC1, 83.25%; KC2, 79.11%; KC3, 78.25%; KC4, 83.18%; MC1, 99.01%; MC2, 70.18%; MW1, 88.90%; PC1, 98.99%; PC2, 99.80%; PC3, 94.11%; PC4, 94.4%; and PC5, 79.02%. The proposed method results were compared with the result obtained from different methods. The proposed model obtained better results than other methods for data set CM1, KC4, MC1, PC1, PC2, PC3, PC4, and PC5.
3
Gibson, Sigrid, and Margaret Ashwell. "Dietary patterns among British adults: compatibility with dietary guidelines for salt/sodium, fat, saturated fat and sugars." Public Health Nutrition 14, no. 8 (May 6, 2011): 1323–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980011000875.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractObjectiveTo examine dietary patterns among British adults, associations with Na and macronutrient intakes, and implications for dietary advice.DesignPrincipal component analysis of 7 d weighed dietary records.SubjectsAdults aged 19–64 years (n 1724).SettingNational Diet and Nutrition Survey (2000/2001).ResultsHigh Na intake was associated with more energy-dense diets, higher in fat and SFA (percentage of energy) but lower in non-milk extrinsic sugars (NMES). Eight patterns (PC1 to PC8) explained 40 % of the total variance in food intakes. Three patterns – PC3 (high loadings on bread, fats and cheese), PC2 (meat products, eggs and chips) and PC7 (red meat, sauces and alcohol) – were associated with high Na intake. Of these, PC3 correlated with high Na density and Na:K ratio, while PC2 correlated with fat. By contrast, three patterns – ‘health-conscious’ (PC1; vegetables, fruit, fruit juice, fish), ‘breakfast cereals and milk’ (PC6) and ‘chicken and rice’ (PC8) – were associated with modest Na intake, lower Na density and lower fat and SFA. PC2 was positively correlated, and PC1 was negatively correlated, with adding salt to food. Other patterns were ‘tea/coffee and cakes’ (PC4; associated with high SFA and NMES) and ‘soft drinks and snacks’ (PC5; associated with high NMES but not fat or SFA). The dietary patterns of males and females differed slightly.ConclusionsDietary patterns PC1, PC6, PC8 (vegetables, fruit, fish, milk, breakfast cereals, poultry) were broadly compatible with guidelines for salt, fat, SFA and NMES. However, other patterns tended to be high in either salt or NMES.
4
Kondi, Ravi, Sonali Kar, and Soumya Surakanti. "Agro-morphological and biochemical characterization and principal component analysis for yield and quality characters in fine-scented rice genotypes." Genetika 54, no. 3 (2022): 1005–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr2203005k.
Full textAbstract:
Forty-one fine-scented rice genotypes were evaluated for 18 agro-morphological and quality characters for characterization, and 21 quantitative characters were evaluated for principal component analysis in R-studio software. Characterization of agro-morphological traits viz., plant height, days to 50% flowering, panicle length, number of effective tillers per plant, test weight, grain length, grain breadth, grain L: B ratio, kernel length, kernel breadth, kernel dimensions, awns, colour of awns, distribution of awns, and quality traits viz., alkali spreading value, gel consistency, grain aroma, and amylose content showed huge diversity among the genotypes. PCA revealed that PC1 showed the highest amount of variance (32.0%) followed by PC2 (15.7%), PC3 (9.0%), PC4 (8.1%), PC5 (7.8%), PC6 (5.4%) for quantitative characters. Out of 21 principal components, only 6 showed an eigenvalue greater than 1 and contributes about 78.1% total variance Genotypes in PC1 showed higher values for grain L: B ratio and kernel L: B ratio. Similarly, PC2 showed higher variable values for characters like test weight, kernel length, grain length, grain breadth, alkali spreading value, grain yield per plot and amylose content. PC3 for harvest index, panicle length, gel consistency, no. of effective tillers per plant and head rice recovery. PC4 for characters like plant height, kernel breadth and days to 50% flowering. PC5 for characters like kernel elongation ratio, and filled grains per panicle. PC6 for characters like no. of tillers in a square meter and no. of panicles in a square meter. This pre-breeding characterization study may be useful in finding potential genotypes which are having both yield and quality characters which may be useful in breeding for high-yielding varieties with good-quality characters.
5
Jensen, Matt, Trent Stellingwerff, Courtney Pollock, James Wakeling, and Marc Klimstra. "Can Principal Component Analysis Be Used to Explore the Relationship of Rowing Kinematics and Force Production in Elite Rowers during a Step Test? A Pilot Study." Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction 5, no. 1 (February 17, 2023): 237–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/make5010015.
Full textAbstract:
Investigating the relationship between the movement patterns of multiple limb segments during the rowing stroke on the resulting force production in elite rowers can provide foundational insight into optimal technique. It can also highlight potential mechanisms of injury and performance improvement. The purpose of this study was to conduct a kinematic analysis of the rowing stroke together with force production during a step test in elite national-team heavyweight men to evaluate the fundamental patterns that contribute to expert performance. Twelve elite heavyweight male rowers performed a step test on a row-perfect sliding ergometer [5 × 1 min with 1 min rest at set stroke rates (20, 24, 28, 32, 36)]. Joint angle displacement and velocity of the hip, knee and elbow were measured with electrogoniometers, and force was measured with a tension/compression force transducer in line with the handle. To explore interactions between kinematic patterns and stroke performance variables, joint angular velocities of the hip, knee and elbow were entered into principal component analysis (PCA) and separate ANCOVAs were run for each performance variable (peak force, impulse, split time) with dependent variables, and the kinematic loading scores (Kpc,ls) as covariates with athlete/stroke rate as fixed factors. The results suggested that rowers’ kinematic patterns respond differently across varying stroke rates. The first seven PCs accounted for 79.5% (PC1 [26.4%], PC2 [14.6%], PC3 [11.3%], PC4 [8.4%], PC5 [7.5%], PC6 [6.5%], PC7 [4.8%]) of the variances in the signal. The PCs contributing significantly (p ≤ 0.05) to performance metrics based on PC loading scores from an ANCOVA were (PC1, PC2, PC6) for split time, (PC3, PC4, PC5, PC6) for impulse, and (PC1, PC6, PC7) for peak force. The significant PCs for each performance measure were used to reconstruct the kinematic patterns for split time, impulse and peak force separately. Overall, PCA was able to differentiate between rowers and stroke rates, and revealed features of the rowing-stroke technique correlated with measures of performance that may highlight meaningful technique-optimization strategies. PCA could be used to provide insight into differences in kinematic strategies that could result in suboptimal performance, potential asymmetries or to determine how well a desired technique change has been accomplished by group and/or individual athletes.
6
Kuzmina, O. B., I. V. Khazina, P. V. Smirnov, A. O. Konstantinov, and A. R. Agatova. "Palynological profile and depositional environment of the Ishim formation (upper Miocene) in Tobol-Ishim interfluve, Western Siberia." Стратиграфия 27, no. 6 (December 12, 2019): 103–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-592x276103-123.
Full textAbstract:
For the first time some outcrops of the Upper Miocene Ishim Formation on the south of Tyumen Area near Pyatkovo, Masali and Bigila villages are studied by palynological method in detail. A series of mineralogical analyzes of these sediments and radiocarbon analysis of the Quaternary sediments overlying the Ishim Formation are done. Four palynocomplexes (PC) are established in the Ishim Formation: PC1 with Botryococcus; PC2 with Botryococcus, Sigmopollis; PC3 with Alnus, Polypodiaceae, Botryococcus, Sigmopollis; PC4 with Betula, Alnus, Corylus. The layers with PC1, PC2 и PC3 are traced in two outcrops near Masali and Bigila Villages. PC4 is revealed from the sands and aleuropelits of the outcrop near Pyatkovo Village, it is characterized by a significant content of diverse pollen of temperate termophylic broad-leafed taxa and by the presence of rare typical Miocene elements (Таxodiaceae, Nyssa, Tsuga). The PC3 and PC4 are compared with the complexes well known from the Neogene sediments of Western Siberia.
PC5 with Betula, Herbae, Fungi is revealed from the bedded silts overlying the Ishim Formation in Masali outcrop. Previously, these sediments were attributed to the Late Miocene Pavlodar Formation. The composition and the structure of PC5 allowed making an assumption about Quaternary age of the enclosing sediments. Radiocarbon analysis of the organic substance from the silts showed, that these sediments were accumulated in the Late Pleistocene (Sartan Ice Age).
For the first time the information about microphytoplankton (Botryococcus, Pediastrum, Zygnemataceae, Sigmopollis) and other nonpollen palynomorphs, contained in Ishim Formation (Upper Miocene) and in Pleistocene sediments, is given. On palynological data, some stages of development of the Late Miocene Ishim Basin and the type of vegetation surrounding this basin are considered. The depositional environment of Pleistocene sediments (Masali outcrop) is reconstructed.
7
M. Saleh, Maysoun, Abdelmoaty B. Elabd, and Abdel Rahman Mohammad Al Tawaha. "Principle Component Analysis among Exotic and Egyptian Rice Genotypes." Advances in Environmental Biology 15, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22587/aeb.2021.15.1.3.
Full textAbstract:
Twenty-five rice genotypes with two Egyptian rice varieties: Giza 178 and Sakha 105 were all cultivated in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two replications under saline soil at at El_Sirw Agriculture Research Station northern part of Delta, Egypt during the growing season 2012. This study aimed to evaluate the potential divergence among tested genotypes and to define the role of agronomic traits in the total variation by using principle component analysis. Results showed that high variability was noticed between the testes genotypes, and indicated that only four principle components PC1, PC2, PC3 and PC4 were significant as they had an Eigenvalue greater than 1.0 (2.3967, 2.1444, 1.7225, 1.0618) respectively, explained together 73.3% of existed variation between genotypes. The first principle component PC1 explained the highest variation 24%, followed by other components PC2, PC3 and PC4 which explained (21.4, 17.2, 10.6) % of the total variation. Results also revealed that days to flowering and number of filled grains per panicle were associated with PC1, whereas three traits (tillers per plant, panicles number per plant and thousand grain weight) were gathered in PC2, and the PC3 consisted of (panicle length, panicle fertility and grain yield per plant), while the last component PC4 contained both traits flag leaf area and plant height. It was concluded that the divergence between rice genotypes in our study provide a wide genetic base for breeders to improve rice
8
Abarza, Liliann, Pablo Acuña-Mardones, Cristina Sanzana-Luengo, and Víctor Beltrán. "Determination of Morphogeometric Patterns in Individuals with Total Mandibular Edentulism in the Interforaminal Region from Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) Scans: A Pilot Study." Applied Sciences 12, no. 8 (April 10, 2022): 3813. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12083813.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study was to determine the morphogeometric patterns of the interforaminal region from cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of individuals with total mandibular edentulism. CBCT images were obtained from 40 patients with total edentulism who are older (12 men and 28 women; average age of 69.5 ± 9.4 years) and who wore a non-implant-supported, lower, removable, total prosthesis. We conducted a two-dimensional (2D) morphogeometric analysis of the Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine (DICOM) files from the CBCT scans, and five equidistant cross sections were planned. For the three-dimensional (3D) morphogeometric analysis, standard triangular language (STL) files were obtained after segmentation of the interforaminal mandibular region, and four anatomical landmarks and their respective curves were digitized. The patterns among the shapes were determined using principal component analysis (PCA) on MorphoJ software (version 1.07a). The results of the 2D morphogeometric analyses for PCA of the interforaminal mandibular paramedian region were PC1 or elongated drop shape, 54.78%; PC2 or wineskin shape, 17.65%; PC3 or pear shape, 11.77%; and PC4 or eggplant shape, 5.71%, and those for PCA of the symphyseal region were PC1 or elongated drop shape, 62.13%; PC2 or ovoid shape, 11.64%; PC3 or triangular shape, 9.71%; and PC4 or tuber shape, 4.96%. The results of the 3D morphogeometric analyses for the interforaminal hemimandibular region were PC1, 59.83%; PC2, 10.39%; PC3, 7.67%; and PC4, 5.09%. This study provides relevant information for future clinical guidelines on prosthetics and implants, in addition to proposing the use of new technologies that support diagnosis and treatment in patients with edentulism.
9
A.A.S., Shamsuddin, and D. Ghosh. "Fracture network Based on Principal Component Analysis and Neural Network– A case study in the Malay Basin." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.32 (August 26, 2018): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.32.18394.
Full textAbstract:
Finding oil in the fractured basement rock in South East Asia has been a goal for several decades, but remains a challenge in terms of exploration/production areas in the Malay Basin due to geological complexity including fracture. Thus, the purpose of this study is to delineate fracture network based on the geometrical attributes in order to have better fracture understanding. In this study, the top of the basement acts as the key surface incorporated with the combination of geometrical seismic attributes analysis. The analysis started with data conditioning and seismic interpretation of the key surface. The final steps were conducted by using geometrical seismic attributes, principal component analysis and neural network. Principal component analysis of these four seismic attributes is able to delineate the contribution of each attributes based on eigenvalue with the PC0: 1.3450 (33.63%), PC1:1.0556 (26.39%), PC2:0.9270 (23.17%) and PC3:0.6724 (16.81%). While neural network contributes four main results (i) PC0 (ii) PC0 and PC1 (iii) PC0, PC1 and PC2 (iv) PC0, PC1, PC 2 and PC3. Fracture networks were able to be delineated and geological features that might be overlooked were able to be captured and can be used to guide the fracture network inside the fractured basement.
10
Wang, Zixiong, Tianxiang Wang, Xiaoli Liu, Suduan Hu, Lingxiao Ma, and Xinguo Sun. "Water Level Decline in a Reservoir: Implications for Water Quality Variation and Pollution Source Identification." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 7 (April 1, 2020): 2400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072400.
Full textAbstract:
Continuous water-level decline makes the changes of water quality in reservoirs more complicated. This paper uses trend analyses, wavelet analysis and principal component analysis-multiple linear regression to explore the changes and pollution sources affecting water quality during a period of continuous reservoir water level decline (from 65.37 m to 54.15 m), taking the Biliuhe reservoir as an example. The results showed that the change of water level of Biliuhe reservoir has a significant 13-year periodicity. The unusual water quality changes during the low water level period were as follows: total nitrogen continued to decrease. And iron was lower than its historical level. pH, total phosphorus, and ammonia nitrogen were higher than historical levels and fluctuated seasonally. Permanganate index increased as water level decreased after initial fluctuations. Dissolved oxygen was characterized by high content in winter and relatively low content in summer. The pollutant sources of non-point source pollution (PC1), sediment and groundwater pollution (PC2), atmospheric and production & domestic sewage (PC3), other sources of pollution (PC4) were identified. The main source of DO, pH, TP, TN, NH4-N, Fe and CODMn were respectively PC3 (42.13%), PC1 (47.67%), PC3 (47.62%), PC1 (29.75%), PC2 (47.01%), PC1 (56.97%) and PC2 (50%). It is concluded that the continuous decline of water level has a significant impact on the changes and pollution sources affecting water quality. Detailed experiments focusing on sediment pollution release flux, and biological action will be explored next.
11
Sholihin. "AMMI stability for starch yield of cassava in the acid area for determining clones’ stability." E3S Web of Conferences 306 (2021): 01005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130601005.
Full textAbstract:
The study aimed to evaluate the phenotypic stability of cassava promising clones’ cassava clones in acidic regions based on AMMI stability. The study was done during 2015-2018 in several environments in Lampung. The study was done using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Plants were planted in 5 m x 4.8 m plot size, with 1 m distance between rows and 0.8 m within row. The plants were fertilized with 93 kg N, 36 kg P2O5 and 60 kg K2O per hectare. Seven cassava promising clones and two check varieties were used in this study. Data were analyzed using Excel, MSTAT-C and PBTOOLs. Research showed that compared with clone PC2, PC3, PC5 and clone PC7, clone PC1, PC4, PC6, UJ3 and clone UJ5 are more stable. According to the AMMI analysis, based on the seven-month starch yield, the important environmental factors that determined the stability of cassava clones are the content of N and P2O5 in the upper soil layer and the cation exchange capacity ground. The starch yield in seven months of PC4 was the highest among the clones. Clone PC4 is potential to be developed in acid area.
12
Gabriele, Ilaria, Francesco Bianco, Marco Race, Stefano Papirio, and Giovanni Esposito. "Phytoremediation of PAH- and Cu-Contaminated Soil by Cannabis sativa L.: Preliminary Experiments on a Laboratory Scale." Sustainability 15, no. 3 (January 18, 2023): 1852. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15031852.
Full textAbstract:
This study proposes the phytoremediation of phenanthrene (PHE)-, pyrene (PYR)-, and copper (Cu)-contaminated soil by Cannabis sativa L. The experimental campaign was conducted in 300 mL volume pots over a 50 d period using different initial polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations, i.e., 100 (PC1), 200 (PC2), and 300 (PC3) mg ƩPAHs kg−1 dry weight of soil, while maintaining a constant Cu concentration of 350 mg∙kg−1. PHE and PYR removal was 93 and 61%, 98 and 48%, and 97 and 36% in PC1, PC2, and PC3, respectively, in the greenhouse condition. The highest Cu extraction amounted to 58 mg∙kg−1. In general, the growth of C. sativa L. under the PC1, PC2, and PC3 conditions decreased by approximately 25, 65, and 71% (dry biomass), respectively, compared to the uncontaminated control. The present study is aimed at highlighting the phytoremediation potential of C. sativa L. and providing the preliminary results necessary for future field-scale investigations.
13
Chanda, Sontosh C., Md Amir Hossain, Md Mustafizur Rahman, ANM Shamsuzzaman, and AKM Golam Sarwar. "Regional variation in agro-morphological descriptors of Sesbania bispinosa (Jacq.) W. Wight." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 48, no. 2 (June 30, 2019): 289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v48i2.47551.
Full textAbstract:
The effect of regional diversity on 12 agro-morphological descriptors of Sesbania bispinosa (Jacq.) W. Wight was studied. The mean sum of square varied significantly for six of these traits viz., plant height, branch number/plant, pod number/plant, pod length, seed number/pod and seed width. Among the ten regions, plants grown from seeds of Tangail, Chuadanga and Sirajganj districts of Bangladesh performed better in terms of plant height, number of branches/plant, number of pods/plant, pod length, number of seeds/pod and seed width. In principal component analysis, first six principal components (PC1, PC2, PC3, PC4, PC5 and PC6) showed Eigen value >1 and accounted for 85.6% of the total variance. In cluster analysis based on the studied agro-morphological descriptors, the cluster 1 consists of three regions (Chuadanga, Tangail and Jhinaidah), cluster 2 of six regions (Khulna, Mymensingh, Rangpur, Sunamganj, Gaibandha and Faridpur) and cluster 3 of only one district (Sirajganj). Considering these multivariate analyses, three different morphotypes of S. bispinosa could be identified from different locations.
14
Wulandari, Sari Ayu, Rudy Tjahyono, and Dian Retno Sawitri. "PERBANDINGAN TINGKAT PENGENALAN CITRA DIABETIC RETINOPATHY PADA KOMBINASI PRINCIPLE COMPONENT DARI 4 CIRI BERBASIS METODE SVM (SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE)." Majalah Ilmiah Teknologi Elektro 15, no. 1 (June 25, 2016): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/mite.2016.v15i01p17.
Full textAbstract:
Perbedaan pigmentasi mempengaruhi metode pengenalan pola citra retinopati diabetik beserta setting poinnya. Dibutuhkan sebuah perangkat lunak, yang mampu menjadi alat bantu pengenalan citra retinopati diabetik. Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang pengenalan pola citra retinopati diabetik, dengan menggunakan citra kanal kuning (Yellow), dengan menggunakan filter gabor dan ciri yang diambil dari tiap citra adalah ciri rerata (Means), variasi Varians), skewness dan entropy, yang dilanjutkan dengan ekstraksi ciri PCA (Principle Component Analysis). Pada ekstraksi ciri PCA, Matriks hasil PCA merupakan matriks bujur sangkar, yang jumlah kolomnya, sama dengan jumlah ciri. Penelitian menggunakan 4 ciri, dengan demikian, terdapat 4 buah PC (Principle Component), PC1, PC2, PC3 dan PC4. Pada artikel ini akan dibahas mengenai tingkat akurasi tertinggi dari penggunaan pasangan PC. Tingkat akurasi, dihitung dengan menggunakan model linear dari SVM. Model dengan akurasi tertinggi dan tercepat adalah model pasangan PC1 dan PC2, yang mempunyai akurasi citra pembelajaran tertinggi yaitu 100% dan waktu tercepat, yang secara eksplisit diperlihatkan pada jumlah support vektor terkecil, yaitu 2. Pasangan yang mempunyai tingkat akurasi terburuk adalah PC3 dan PC4. Pengenalan turun pada citra pengujian, yaitu hanya 93,75%, hal ini disebabkan oleh pelebaran daerah cakupan. Pelebaran daerah cakupan kemungkinan disebabkan oleh pemilihan nilai rerata pada PCA, sebelum matriks reduksi. Pada penelitian berikutnya, bisa dilakukan dengan menggunakan pencarian nilai standart deviasi atau varians, dengan begitu, akan diketahui matriks reduksi yang mewakili sebaran angka pada matriks. DOI: 10.24843/MITE.1501.17
15
SCHUPPIN, George T., and Christopher J. RHODES. "Specific co-ordinated regulation of PC3 and PC2 gene expression with that of preproinsulin in insulin-producing β TC3 cells." Biochemical Journal 313, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 259–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3130259.
Full textAbstract:
Short-term (less than 2 h) glucose stimulation of isolated pancreatic islets specifically increases the biosynthesis of proinsulin and its converting enzymes PC2 and PC3 at the translation level. To determine whether gene expression of PC2 and PC3 was also regulated by longer-term (more than 6 h) glucose stimulation along with that of preproinsulin, studies were performed with the βTC3 insulin-producing cell line. By Northern blot analysis, glucose maintained PC2 and PC3 mRNA levels in parallel with those of preproinsulin. After 48 h, mRNA levels of preproinsulin, PC2 and PC3 were, respectively, 2.9 (P < 0.05), 3.0 (P < 0.005) and 5.3 (P < 0.001) times greater in the presence of glucose than in βTC3 cells cultured in the absence of glucose. Glucose-regulated PC2 and PC3 gene expression, like that of preproinsulin, was maximal at glucose concentrations above 5.5 mM. Studies of mRNA stability showed that the half-lives of PC2 (9 h) and PC3 (5 h) mRNA were much shorter than that of preproinsulin mRNA (over 24 h), but little effect of glucose on stability of these mRNAs was observed. Nuclear run-off analysis indicated that transcription of preproinsulin, PC2 and PC3 was modestly induced after 1 h exposure to 16.7 mM glucose. Therefore preproinsulin, PC2 and PC3 mRNA levels in βTC3 cells were most probably maintained at the level of gene transcription. In contrast, elevation of cyclic AMP by forskolin had no effect on mRNA levels or gene transcription of preproinsulin, PC2 and PC3, despite a cyclic-AMP-induced phosphorylation of the cyclic AMP response element binding protein that correlated with a marked increase in cJun and cFos gene transcription in the same β-cells. These results suggest that preproinsulin, PC2 and PC3 gene transcription can be specifically glucose-regulated in a mechanism that is unlikely to involve a key role for cyclic AMP. The co-ordinate increase in PC2 and PC3 mRNA levels with that of preproinsulin mRNA in response to chronic glucose represents a long-term means of catering for an increased demand on proinsulin conversion.
16
SCOUGALL, Kathleen, Neil A. TAYLOR, Joanne L. JERMANY, Kevin DOCHERTY, and Kathleen I. J. SHENNAN. "Differences in the autocatalytic cleavage of pro-PC2 and pro-PC3 can be attributed to sequences within the propeptide and Asp310 of pro-PC2." Biochemical Journal 334, no. 3 (September 15, 1998): 531–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3340531.
Full textAbstract:
PC2 and PC3 are subtilisin-like proteases involved in the maturation of prohormones and proneuropeptides within neuroendocrine cells. They are synthesized as zymogens that undergo autocatalytic maturation within the secretory pathway. Maturation of pro-PC2 is slow (t½ > 8 h), exhibits a pH optimum of 5.5 and is dependent on calcium (K0.5 2 mM), while pro-PC3 maturation is relatively rapid (t½ 15 min), exhibits a neutral pH optimum and is not calcium dependent. These differences in the rates and optimal conditions for activation of the proteases may contribute to the diversity of products generated by these proteases in different cell types. Although highly similar, there are two major differences between pro-PC2 and pro-PC3: the presence of an aspartate at position 310 in pro-PC2 compared with asparagine at the equivalent position in pro-PC3 (and all other members of the subtilisin family), and the N-terminal propeptides, which exhibit low sequence identity (30%). With a view to establishing the structural features that might be responsible for these differences in the maturation of pro-PC2 and pro-PC3, Asp310 in pro-PC2 was mutated to Asn, and Asn309 in pro-PC3 was mutated to Asp. Chimaeric proteins were also made consisting of the pro-region of PC2 fused to the mature portion of PC3 and the pro-region of PC3 fused to the mature region of PC2. The wild-type and mutant DNA constructs were then transcribed and translated in an in vitro system capable of supporting maturation of pro-PC2 and pro-PC3. The results demonstrated that Asp310 of pro-PC2 is responsible for the acidic pH optimum for maturation. Thus changing Asp310 to Asn shifted the pH optimum for maturation to pH 7.0. However, changing Asn309 of pro-PC3 to Asp had no effect on the optimum pH for maturation of pro-PC3. A chimaeric construct containing the propeptide of pro-PC2 attached to PC3 shifted the pH optimum for maturation from pH 7.0 to 6.0 and slowed down the rate of maturation (t½ > 8 h). When attached to PC2, the pro-region of pro-PC3 had no effect on the optimum pH for maturation (pH 5.5–6.0), but it did accelerate the rate of maturation (t½ 2 h). These results demonstrate that Asp310 and the pro-region of pro-PC2 contribute to the acidic pH optimum and low rate of maturation of this zymogen relative to its closely related homologue PC3.
17
Yang, Jun J., Wenjian Yang, Cheng Cheng, Meenakshi Devidas, Xueyuan Cao, Dario Campana, Michael J. Borowitz, et al. "Genetically Defined Racial Differences Underlie Risk of Relapse in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia." Blood 112, no. 11 (November 16, 2008): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.14.14.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The effect of race or ethnicity on cure and survival outcomes among children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is controversial. For those studies that have demonstrated variability in survival associated with race or ethnicity, the cause of these differences remains unclear. We therefore used genome-wide germline single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes to quantitatively estimate racial ancestral composition in children with ALL and examined associations between ancestries and the probability of ALL relapse. To infer population genomic structures, we applied principal components analysis (PCA) to genotypes at 219,955 germline SNPs in 893 individuals: 683 patients with ALL (450 from St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital [St. Jude] Total XIIIB and Total XV studies and 233 from Children’s Oncology Group [COG] P9906 protocol), and 210 HapMap samples (60 CEU, 60 YRI, 90 CHB/JPT, serving as references for white, black, and Asian races, respectively). The top ranked principal component (PC1) separated self-reported black patients (n=92) and the YRI HapMap group from all other racial/ethnic groups; PC2 separated self-reported Asian patients (n=19) and the CHB/JPT HapMap samples from non-Asian populations. PC3, on the other hand, primarily captured genetic variation characteristic of American Indian ancestry (assessed using publicly available data from American Indians, n=105). Interestingly, Hispanic patients with ALL (n=75) showed a continuous cline between the American Indians and whites, displaying a gradient of these two ancestries among Hispanics. The relationships between ancestries (PC1, PC2, and PC3) and outcome were assessed in the St. Jude cohort first and validated in the COG cohort, using Fine and Gray’s regression test and after stratification for risk-adapted treatment. Of the top three PCs, only PC3 exhibited a significant association with cumulative incidence of relapse in St. Jude (P=0.038), with higher PC3 values linked to higher risk for relapse. This relationship between PC3 and relapse was validated in the COG cohort (P=0.003), which included more Hispanic patients than the St. Jude cohort. When the St. Jude and COG cohorts were combined, only the American Indian/Hispanic-informative PC3 (not PC1 or PC2) was related to relapse (P=4.5×10−4). Further, PC3 remained significant even after accounting for self-reported race/ethnicity (P=0.044), or when the analysis was restricted to self-reported white patients (P=0.006). The proportions of patients with high risk clinical or biological features (i.e. high leukocyte count, unfavorable age, unfavorable genetic subtypes, and minimal residual disease at the end of induction therapy) did not differ between the high and low PC3 groups (PC3 > or < 0.005). Therefore, the higher relapse rates in patients with higher proportions of American Indian ancestry are not derived from overrepresentation of unfavorable prognostic features in this group. In a multivariate analysis, PC3 remained significantly associated with the risk of relapse (P=0.041) after adjusting for known risk factors, indicating a possible independent prognostic value of PC3. In conclusion, germline genetic variation that is related to American Indian ancestry is associated with increased risk of leukemia relapse, providing evidence for a genetic basis for racial/ethnic differences in cancer treatment outcome.
18
Yamanaka, Kazuki, Martin E. Gleave, Isao Hara, Mototsugu Muramaki, and Hideaki Miyake. "Synergistic antitumor effect of combined use of adenoviral-mediated p53 gene transfer and antisense oligodeoxynucleotide targeting clusterin gene in an androgen-independent human prostate cancer model." Molecular Cancer Therapeutics 4, no. 2 (February 1, 2005): 187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1535-7163.187.4.2.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Our recent studies showed that antisense oligodeoxynucleotide targeting antiapoptotic gene, clusterin, enhanced apoptosis induced by conventional therapeutic modalities using several prostate cancer models. In this study, to establish a more effective therapeutic strategy against prostate cancer, we investigated the effect of combined treatment with antisense clusterin oligodeoxynucleotide and adenoviral-mediated p53 gene transfer (Ad5CMV-p53) in an androgen-independent human prostate PC3 tumor model. Treatment of PC3 cells with 500 nmol/L antisense clusterin oligodeoxynucleotide decreased clusterin mRNA by >80% compared with that with 500 nmol/L mismatch control oligodeoxynucleotide. Clusterin mRNA expression in PC3 cells was highly up-regulated by Ad5CMV-p53 treatment; however, antisense clusterin oligodeoxynucleotide treatment further suppressed clusterin expression in PC3 cells after Ad5CMV-p53 treatment. Antisense clusterin oligodeoxynucleotide treatment significantly enhanced the sensitivity of Ad5CMV-p53 in a dose-dependent manner, reducing the IC50 of Ad5CMV-p53 by 75%. Apoptotic cell death was detected after combined treatment but not after treatment with either agent alone. In vivo administration of antisense clusterin oligodeoxynucleotide and Ad5CMV-p53 resulted in a significant inhibition of s.c. PC3 tumor growth as well as lymph node metastases from orthotopic PC3 tumors compared with administration of either agent alone. Furthermore, combined treatment with antisense clusterin oligodeoxynucleotide, Ad5CMV-p53, and mitoxantrone completely eradicated s.c. PC3 tumors and lymph node metastases from orthotopic PC3 tumors in 60% and 100% of mice, respectively. These findings suggest that combined treatment with antisense clusterin oligodeoxynucleotide and Ad5CMV-p53 could be a novel strategy to inhibit progression of hormone-refractory prostate cancer and that further addition of chemotherapeutic agents may help to enhance the efficacy of this combined regimen.
19
Bergsneider, Brandon, Elizabeth Vera, Ophir Gal, Alexa Christ, Amanda King, Alvina Acquaye, Anna Choi, et al. "NCOG-39. DISCOVERY OF CLINICAL AND DEMOGRAPHIC DETERMINANTS OF SYMPTOM BURDEN IN PRIMARY BRAIN TUMOR PATIENTS USING NETWORK ANALYSIS AND UNSUPERVISED CLUSTERING." Neuro-Oncology 24, Supplement_7 (November 1, 2022): vii205—vii206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noac209.790.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract BACKGROUND Precision health approaches to managing symptom burden in primary brain tumor (PBT) patients are imperative to improving patient outcomes and quality of life. Network Analysis (NA) identifies complex symptom co-severity patterns across large patient cohorts. Unsupervised clustering unbiasedly stratifies patients into clinically relevant subgroups based on symptom patterns. This is the first study to use NA and unsupervised clustering to explore PBT patients’ clinical and demographic determinants of symptom burden. METHODS Symptom severity data reported using the MDASI-BT from a two-institutional cohort of 1,128 PBT patients was analyzed. Gaussian Graphical Model networks were constructed for the entire cohort and for subgroups identified by unsupervised clustering. Network characteristics were analyzed and compared using permutation-based statistical tests. RESULTS NA on the entire cohort revealed that the majority of PBT patients experience symptoms on four core dimensions that drive overall symptom burden: cognitive, physical, focal neurologic, and affective. These dimensions substantially overlap with factor groupings defined during initial construct validation of the MDASI-BT. Fatigue/drowsiness scored the highest in all network centrality measures, indicating a pivotal role in the symptom experience. Unsupervised clustering identified four patient subgroups: PC1 (n = 683), PC2 (n = 244), PC3 (n = 92), and PC4 (n = 109). Moderately accurate networks could be constructed for PC1 and PC2, but not for PC3 and PC4 due to their small size. The PC1 network closely resembles the all-patient network, and these patients have the highest interference scores among the subgroups with fatigue/drowsiness as the primary driver. PC2 represents an older subgroup in which cognitive symptoms drive symptom burden. CONCLUSIONS This novel study identified clinically relevant subgroups of patients with unique symptom burdens. With further validation, our approach may inform more personalized and effective symptom management by identifying symptoms to prioritize for targeting in individual patients.
20
Kashani, Kilbas, Yerlikaya, Gurkan, and Arisan. "Cisplatin and Paclitaxel Modulated the Cell Survival Potential of Prostate Cancer Cells." Proceedings 40, no. 1 (January 5, 2020): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019040042.
Full textAbstract:
Prostate cancer is the second common cause of death among men worldwide. In the treatment of prostate cancer, conventional chemotherapeutics are commonly used. The plant alkaloid Paclitaxel and platinum-based cisplatin are the most common chemotherapy drugs. The transcription factor p53 has a potential target in the regulation of cell response to DNA damage of prostate cancer. Although the effectiveness of these drugs on prostate cancer cell progression had been proved, the mechanistic action of these drugs on the progression of the disease is not detailed explained. In this study, we aim to examine the function of p53 overexpression in prostate cancer cell survival. Therefore, we treated wild type (wt) and p53 overexpressed PC3 (p53+) prostate cancer cells with cisplatin or paclitaxel. According to the MTT Cell Viability assay, cisplatin (12.5–25–50 µM) was found to be more effective decreasing PC3 and PC3 p53+ cell viability in a dose-dependent manner compared to paclitaxel (12.5–25–50 nM). Colony formation assay showed that treatment of cells with cisplatin or paclitaxel caused the loss of colony forming ability of PC3 and PC3 p53+ cells. In addition, the critical apoptotic markers Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 expressions were altered with cisplatin or paclitaxel treated PC3 wt and p53+ cells.
21
Tunç, Gülenay, Mohamad Albakour, Vefa Ahsen, and Ayşe Gül Gürek. "Peripherally carboxylic acid substituted asymmetric zinc(II) phthalocyanines: Synthesis and photophysicochemical properties." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 23, no. 11n12 (December 2019): 1355–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424619501402.
Full textAbstract:
Four asymmetric Zn(II) phthalocyanines (Pc1–Pc4) bearing a carboxylic acid group in the peripheral position have been designed and synthesized to investigate the influence of the distance between COOH group and the phthalocyanine core on their photophysical and photochemical properties. The novel phthalocyanine complexes were characterized by [Formula: see text]H, [Formula: see text]C NMR, IR, and UV-vis spectroscopies, elemental analysis and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI). The aggregation behavior, photophysical and photochemical properties such as fluorescence lifetime and quantum yields and singlet oxygen quantum yields of Pc1–Pc4 were explored in tetrahydrofuran (THF) to the determination of the potential use of these novel phthalocyanines as photosensitizers for different applications such as photovoltaic technologies and photodynamic therapy (PDT). Pc1–Pc4exhibited high singlet oxygen generation quantum yields (0.84, 0.66, 0.88 and 0.65, respectively). Fluorescence quantum yields could be obtained for Pc1, Pc2, Pc3 and Pc4 (0.13, 0.31, 0.10 and 0.25, respectively) in THF.
22
Bijarania, Subhash, Anil Pandey, Mainak Barman, Monika Shahani, and Gharsi Ram. "Assesment of divergence among soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] genotypes based on phenological and physiological traits." Environment Conservation Journal 23, no. 1&2 (February 11, 2022): 72–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.021808-2117.
Full textAbstract:
A study was conducted to understand genetic divergence in Randomized complete block design accommodating 30 soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] genotypes randomly in three replications. These genotypes were evaluated for twenty-seven traits: five phenological, nine agro-morphological, eight physiological traits (from field-trial) and five physiological traits (from laboratory experiment) recorded and subjected to PCA (Principal Component Analysis) and cluster analysis. Among all the studied cultivars, significant diversity, as well as analysis of dispersion, was recorded for different agro-morphological characters. D2-statistic (Tocher method) framed (generalized distance-based) nine clusters: largest with eight and five were oligo-genotypic. Harvest index>seed yield per plant>germination relative index>seedling dry weight contributed maximum towards total divergence. From the most divergent clusters, 21 crosses involving cluster v genotypes (PS-1347, RKS-18, PS-1092, NRC-142, VLS-94, NRC-136, and Shalimar Soybean-1) with monogenotypic cluster VII (AMS-2014), VIII (RSC-11-15) and III (RSC-10-71) suggested for future hybridization. Out of eighteen, only eight principal components revealed more than 1.00 eigen value and exhibited about 85.03% variability among the traits studied. The highest variability (25.41%) by PC1 followed by PC2 (15.60%), PC3 (12.35%), PC4 (10.13%), PC5 (7.20%), PC6 (5.43%), PC7 (4.80%) and PC8 (4.11%) for characters under study.
23
Gómez-Carmona, Carlos D., David Mancha-Triguero, José Pino-Ortega, and Sergio J. Ibáñez. "Exploring Physical Fitness Profile of Male and Female Semiprofessional Basketball Players through Principal Component Analysis—A Case Study." Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 6, no. 3 (August 13, 2021): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfmk6030067.
Full textAbstract:
Basketball is a sport in continuous evolution, being one of these key aspects of the players’ physical fitness that has an impact on the game. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize and identify the physical fitness level and profiles of basketball players according to sex. Total of 26 semi-professional basketball players were assessed (13 male, 13 female) through inertial devices in different previously validated fitness tests. T-test for independent samples and principal component analysis were used to analyze sex-related differences and to identify physical fitness profiles. The results showed differences according to sex in all physical fitness indexes (p < 0.01; d > 1.04) with higher values in males, except in accelerometer load during small-sided games (p = 0.17; d < 0.20). Four principal components were identified in male and female basketball players, being two common ([PC1] aerobic capacity and in-game physical conditioning, [PC4 male, PC3 female] unipodal jump performance) and two different profiles (male: [PC2] bipodal jump capacity and acceleration, [PC3] curvilinear displacement; female: [PC2] bipodal jump capacity and curvilinear displacement, [PC4] deceleration). In conclusion, training design must be different and individualized according to different variables, including physical fitness profiles between them. For practical applications, these results will allow knowing the advantages and weaknesses of each athlete to adapt training tasks and game systems based on the skills and capabilities of the players in basketball.
24
Chatrath, Ravish, Vikas Gupta, Om Parkash, and Gyanendra Pratap Singh. "Evaluation of biofortified spring wheat genotypes for yield and micronutrients." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 10, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 210–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v10i1.1606.
Full textAbstract:
Advanced wheat genotypes were tested for agronomic as well as grain iron and zinc content traits. The analysis of variance indicated variation for all traits except iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn). The grain Fe content ranged from 39-58 mg/kg whereas grain Zn ranged from 32-47 mg/kg among the tested lines. A significant positive correlation (0.45) was observed between grain Fe and Zn content. There was no association between yield and grain Fe and Zn content indicating that improvement in these micronutrients will not have any undesirable affect on yield. The data was further analysed for principal component analysis and genotype by trait association. The first five principal components viz., PC1 (0.3149), PC2 (0.2198), PC3 (0.1461), PC4 (0.10) and PC5 (0.0923) accounted for 0.87 of the total variation. The major traits contributing to the PC1 are days to heading, days to maturity, grain iron content and yield. The cluster analysis revealed significant variation among the tested germplasm thus providing opportunities for increasing the micronutrient content along with yield through hybridization with high micronutrient content lines.
25
IRMINGER, Jean-Claude, Katharina MEYER, and Philippe HALBAN. "Proinsulin processing in the rat insulinoma cell line INS after overexpression of the endoproteases PC2 or PC3 by recombinant adenovirus." Biochemical Journal 320, no. 1 (November 15, 1996): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3200011.
Full textAbstract:
Proinsulin is converted to insulin by the two endoproteases PC2 and PC3. For complete conversion to insulin, cleavage must occur at both the B-chain/C-peptide and C-peptide/A-chain junctions of proinsulin. Studies in vitro have shown the specificity of PC3 for the B-chain/C-peptide junction and that of PC2 for the C-peptide/A-chain junction. In contrast, studies in vivo have suggested that the proinsulin cleavage substrate specificity of these two endoproteases might be more complex. We have now used recombinant adenovirus to overexpress PC2 or PC3 in the rat insulinoma cell line INS. These cells convert proinsulin more slowly than primary pancreatic β-cells, possibly reflecting their lower levels of PC3. Infection of INS cells with the corresponding recombinant adenovirus led to 5–10-fold and 20–40-fold increases in PC2 and PC3 expression respectively. Recombinant adenovirus is thus an effective tool for expressing proteins at high levels in slow-growing INS cells. Overexpression of either PC2 or PC3 in INS cells led to a striking acceleration of conversion of proinsulin to insulin and to a decreased accumulation of the conversion intermediate des-64.65-split proinsulin (cleaved only at the A-chain/C-peptide junction). There was no detectable accumulation of des-31.32-split proinsulin (cleaved only at the B-chain/C-peptide junction) after overexpression of either enzyme. Taken together, the data indicate that when expressed at high levels, both PC2 and PC3 seem to be able to cleave proinsulin at both its junctions in vivo.
26
Lee, Myeounggon, Changhong Youm, Byungjoo Noh, and Hwayoung Park. "Gait Characteristics Based on Shoe-Type Inertial Measurement Units in Healthy Young Adults during Treadmill Walking." Sensors 20, no. 7 (April 8, 2020): 2095. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20072095.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigated the gait characteristics of healthy young adults using shoe-type inertial measurement units (IMU) during treadmill walking. A total of 1478 participants were tested. Principal component analyses (PCA) were conducted to determine which principal components (PCs) best defined the characteristics of healthy young adults. A non-hierarchical cluster analysis was conducted to evaluate the essential gait ability, according to the results of the PC1 score. One-way repeated analysis of variance with the Bonferroni correction was used to compare gait performances in the cluster groups. PCA outcomes indicated 76.9% variance for PC1–PC6, where PC1 (gait variability (GV): 18.5%), PC2 (pace: 17.8%), PC3 (rhythm and phase: 13.9%), and PC4 (bilateral coordination: 11.2%) were the gait-related factors. All of the pace, rhythm, GV, and variables for bilateral coordination classified the gait ability in the cluster groups. We suggest that the treadmill walking task may be reliable to evaluate the gait performances, which may provide insight into understanding the decline of gait ability. The presented results are considered meaningful for understanding the gait patterns of healthy adults and may prove useful as reference outcomes for future gait analyses.
27
Mizuki, Inoue, Yoshiharu Sango, Kiyoshi Ishida, Yuko T. Hanba, Masaaki Chiwa, Yoshitoshi Uehara, and Atsushi Kume. "Effects of sex and soil water chemistry on leaf morphology and physiology of Myrica gale var. tomentosa." PLOS ONE 17, no. 9 (September 22, 2022): e0275024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275024.
Full textAbstract:
Plants respond to environmental stressors, such as an oligotrophic environments, by altering the morphological and physiological functions of their leaves. Sex affects these functions because of the asymmetric cost of reproduction in dioecious plants. We compared the leaf mass per leaf area (LMA), ratio of intercellular air space in leaf mesophyll tissue (mesophyll porosity), palisade thickness, and carbon isotope ratio (δ13C) of leaves of the dioecious shrub Myrica gale based on sex and gradients of soil water chemistry across habitats in the field. The PCA showed that the first three principal components accounted for 84.5% of the variation. PC1 to PC3 were associated with the origin of soil water, nitrogen status of habitats, and sea–salt contributions, respectively. LMA varied from 5.22 to 7.13 μg/cm2, and it was positively related to PC2 and negatively related to PC3, but not to PC1 or sex, suggesting that LMA was low under poor nitrogen conditions and varied with salinity. Mesophyll porosity values were over 50% for all habitats. Mesophyll porosity was positively affected by PC3 and smaller in females than in males. This suggests that M. gale exhibits differences in mesophyll anatomy according to sex. Palisade thickness ranged from 0.466 to 0.559 mm/mm. The leaves of females had thinner palisade layers per mesophyll layer than those of males; however, the habitat did not affect the thickness of the palisade layer per mesophyll layer. The δ13C values of leaves varied from −32.14 to −30.51 ‰. We found that δ13C values were positively related to PC2 but not to PC1, PC3, and sex. Under poor nitrogen conditions, the δ13C of M. gale leaves decreased, suggesting that nutrient deficiency would decrease more under the long-term averaged ratio of photosynthesis than stomatal conductance, leading to low water use efficiency.
28
Travnik, IC, DS Machado, and AC Sant'Anna. "Do you see the same cat that I see? Inter- and intra-observer reliability for Qualitative Behaviour Assessment as temperament indicator in domestic cats." Animal Welfare 31, no. 3 (August 31, 2022): 319–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7120/09627286.31.3.004.
Full textAbstract:
Qualitative Behaviour Assessment (QBA) is used to assess animals' emotional expressions and its potential for serving as an indicator of temperament has been explored. This method is open to assessors' interpretation and it is therefore necessary to evaluate the observers' reliability for different species and contexts. We aimed to assess the intra- and inter-observer reliability of QBA as an indicator of cat (Felis catus) temperament. The QBA was applied by 19 observers with divergent profiles of contact with cats (cat owners vs non-owners) and experience in behavioural assessment (experienced vs inexperienced). Forty-two, 12-min videos were assessed, composed of footage of four behavioural tests: unfamiliar person, novel object, conspecific reaction, and food offering tests. By using Principal Component Analysis, we found three principal components (PC) that were considered the main dimensions of cat temperament. According to Kendall's coefficient of concordance, intra-observer reliability was high to very high in PC1 (0.80–0.90) and moderate to high in PC2 and PC3 (0.50–0.82). Inter-observer reliability for the 19 observers was high in PC1 (0.71) and low in PC2 and PC3 (0.21–0.29). The individual concordances with the gold observer (defined based on greater experience with the QBA) ranged from moderate to high. We concluded that QBA could be a reliable tool to assess cat temperament, given the high values of intra- and inter-observer reliabilities in PC1, which is the dimension that most explains the behavioural variations in the cats' temperament. The same did not occur for PC2 and PC3, showing that reliability varied among the different dimensions and observers.
29
Vieira dos Santos, M. Clara, Ivânia Esteves, Brian Kerry, and Isabel Abrantes. "Biology, growth parameters and enzymatic activity of Pochonia chlamydosporia isolated from potato cyst and root-knot nematodes." Nematology 15, no. 4 (2013): 493–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685411-00002695.
Full textAbstract:
Pochonia chlamydosporia, a widespread fungal parasite of potato cyst nematodes (PCN), Globodera spp., and root-knot nematodes (RKN), Meloidogyne spp., has been studied as a biological control agent. Three Portuguese isolates (Pc1, Pc2, Pc3) obtained from PCN eggs and two non-native isolates (Vc10, Pc280) were characterised using ERIC-PCR and screened by in vitro assays for their ability to produce chlamydospores, parasitise eggs of Globodera rostochiensis and Meloidogyne chitwoodi and colonise the rhizosphere of barley. The effects of temperature on growth, sporulation, parasitism and enzymatic activity were also evaluated. Isolates Pc1 and Pc3, despite their different geographical origins, had identical molecular profiles. Pc2 produced the higher numbers of chlamydospores in solid medium (1.15 × 107 chlamydospores g−1), whereas Pc3 produced the least (3 × 105 chlamydospores g−1). These isolates extensively colonised the rhizosphere of barley (>90% root fragments) and the proportion of parasitised eggs, detected on agar plates, was low (<60% for RKN and <55% for PCN), Pc1 being the best parasite against both nematode species. The influence of temperature was similar for all isolates: no growth was observed at 10, 33 and 35°C. Spores/hyphal fragments remained viable for nearly 1 month at 10 and 33°C and isolates resumed growth after incubation at 25°C, although chlamydospores and conidia production, viability and nematode egg parasitism were affected. Exposure to 35°C was lethal for isolates Pc1, Pc2 and Pc280. When grown in liquid media all isolates produced esterases, but protease activity was only observed in Pc2 and Vc10. The highest enzymatic activity was detected in isolate Pc2 in low nutrient media. Enzymatic activity decreased in the presence of nematode eggs for both Pc2 and Vc10. Molecular, biochemical and biological analyses, including biotic and abiotic factors, are important in the screening of potential biological control agents, particularly in the case of P. chlamydosporia, due to the high variability among isolates.
30
Shokoohinia, Yalda, Leila Hosseinzadeh, Maryam Alipour, Ali Mostafaie, and Hamid-Reza Mohammadi-Motlagh. "Comparative Evaluation of Cytotoxic and Apoptogenic Effects of Several Coumarins on Human Cancer Cell Lines: Osthole Induces Apoptosis in p53-Deficient H1299 Cells." Advances in Pharmacological Sciences 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/847574.
Full textAbstract:
Natural products are excellent resources for finding lead structures for the development of chemotherapeutic agents. Coumarins are a class of natural compounds found in a variety of plants. In this study, we evaluated the cytotoxic potential of coumarins isolated fromPrangos ferulacea(L.) Lindl. in PC3, SKNMC, and H1299 (p53 null) human carcinoma cell lines. Osthole proved to be an outstanding potent cytotoxic agent especially against PC3 cells. Isoimperatorin exhibited moderate inhibitory effect against SKNMC and PC3 cell lines. Oxypeucedanin and braylin did not display any cytotoxic activity. In the next set of experiments, the apoptotic potentials of osthole and isoimperatorin were investigated. Induction of apoptosis by isoimperatorin was accompanied by an increase in activation of caspase-3, -8, and -9 in SKNMC cells and caspase-3 and -9 in PC3 cells. Moreover, isoimperatorin induced apoptosis by upregulating Bax and Smac/DIABLO genes in PC3 and SKNMC cells. Osthole induced apoptosis by downregulating antiapoptotic Bcl-2 in only PC3 cells and upregulating the proapoptotic genes Bax and Smac/DIABLO in PC3, SKNMC, and H1299 cells. The effects of osthole on H1299 cells are important because the loss of p53 has been associated with poor clinical prognosis in cancer treatment.
31
Siegel, Erin M., Steven A. Eschrich, Anders E. Berglund, Abidemi O. Ajidahun, Anthony Martin Magliocco, Ryan Putney, Bridget Riggs, et al. "Methylomic classifiers of anal cancer outcomes: An NRG Oncology / RTOG 98-11 tissue study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2017): 588. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.4_suppl.588.
Full textAbstract:
588 Background: Genome-wide epigenetic events appear to play a role in the development and behavior of HPV+ cancers. The value of adjuvant therapy following chemoradiation for localized anal cancer (AC) remains unclear. Molecular prognostication to identify patients (pts) who may be at higher risk for recurrence would be valuable. The goal was to define methylomic profiles predictive of disease-free (DFS) and overall (OS) survival in pts with AC. Methods: Genomic DNA was extracted, processed and methylation status at ~450,000 CpG loci examined (Illumina HumanMethylation450 Array). A multistep bioinformatics methodology was applied to develop a prognostic methylomic classifier for OS and DFS: (1) feature selection for methylated regions (β-value interquartile range ≥ 0.2, ≥ 2 adjacent significant probes within a CpG Island and p < 0.05 by univariate Cox proportional hazards) (2) selected features were entered into a supervised principal component analysis (PCA) and 3 components (PC1, PC2, PC3) were derived (3) classifier was built using forward selection multivariate regression models [PC1, PC2, PC3 alone and in combination with clinical features (size: > T2 vs. ≤ T2, nodal status: N0 vs N+)] using a 10-fold cross-validation (4) final model prediction risk score was generated, dichotomized and evaluated for prognostic values in Cox regression analysis. Results: 121 AC specimens from RTOG 98-11 were examined. The methylomic-only classifier model trended towards statistical significance (log-rank p = 0.05; HR = 1.96; 95% CI 0.99-3.88) in DFS (PC1, PC3 selected). In the combined model with clinical features, the final classifier included T status and epigenetic features (PC1, PC3) and was strongly predictive for DFS (p < 0.0001, HR = 4.45; 2.02-9.76). Final OS classifier models [methylomic-only (p = 0.28 HR = 1.55; 0.70-3.44) or combined (p = 0.013 HR = 2.88; 1.20-6.89)] were not as accurate. Conclusions: Methylomic and clinical features synergize to predict DFS in AC. Multivariate modeling reveal independent contributions from clinical and methylomic variables. Epigenomic profiling may contribute to identification of high-risk pts who may benefit from adjuvant strategies. Support: U10CA180822, U10CA180868, U24CA196067
32
Curtis, Scott, Thomas Crawford, Munshi Rahman, Bimal Paul, M. Miah, M. Islam, and Mohin Patel. "A Hydroclimatological Analysis of Precipitation in the Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna River Basin." Water 10, no. 10 (September 29, 2018): 1359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10101359.
Full textAbstract:
Understanding seasonal precipitation input into river basins is important for linking large-scale climate drivers with societal water resources and the occurrence of hydrologic hazards such as floods and riverbank erosion. Using satellite data at 0.25-degree resolution, spatial patterns of monsoon (June-July-August-September) precipitation variability between 1983 and 2015 within the Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna (GBM) river basin are analyzed with Principal Component (PC) analysis and the first three modes (PC1, PC2 and PC3) are related to global atmospheric-oceanic fields. PC1 explains 88.7% of the variance in monsoonal precipitation and resembles climatology with the center of action over Bangladesh. The eigenvector coefficients show a downward trend consistent with studies reporting a recent decline in monsoon rainfall, but little interannual variability. PC2 explains 2.9% of the variance and shows rainfall maxima to the far western and eastern portions of the basin. PC2 has an apparent decadal cycle and surface and upper-air atmospheric height fields suggest the pattern could be forced by tropical South Atlantic heating and a Rossby wave train stemming from the North Atlantic, consistent with previous studies. Finally, PC3 explains 1.5% of the variance and has high spatial variability. The distribution of precipitation is somewhat zonal, with highest values at the southern border and at the Himalayan ridge. There is strong interannual variability associated with PC3, related to the El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Next, we perform a hydroclimatological downscaling, as precipitation attributed to the three PCs was averaged over the Pfafstetter level-04 sub-basins obtained from the World Wildlife Fund (Gland, Switzerland). While PC1 was the principal contributor of rainfall for all sub-basins, PC2 contributed the most to rainfall in the western Ganges sub-basin (4524) and PC3 contributed the most to the rainfall in the northern Brahmaputra (4529). Monsoon rainfall within these two sub-basins were the only ones to show a significant relationship (negative) with ENSO, whereas four of the eight sub-basins had a significant relationship (positive) with sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the tropical South Atlantic. This work demonstrates a geographic dependence on climate teleconnections in the GBM that deserves further study.
33
Konoshita, T., J. M. Gasc, E. Villard, R. Takeda, N. G. Seidah, P. Corvol, and F. Pinet. "Expression of PC2 and PC1/PC3 in human pheochromocytomas." Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 99, no. 2 (March 1994): 307–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0303-7207(94)90022-1.
Full text
34
Balasis, G., I. A. Daglis, I. R. Mann, C. Papadimitriou, E. Zesta, M. Georgiou, R. Haagmans, and K. Tsinganos. "Multi-satellite study of the excitation of Pc3 and Pc4-5 ULF waves and their penetration across the plasmapause during the 2003 Halloween superstorm." Annales Geophysicae 33, no. 10 (October 5, 2015): 1237–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-33-1237-2015.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. We use multi-satellite and ground-based magnetic data to investigate the concurrent characteristics of Pc3 (22–100 mHz) and Pc4-5 (1–22 mHz) ultra-low-frequency (ULF) waves on the 31 October 2003 during the Halloween magnetic superstorm. ULF waves are seen in the Earth's magnetosphere, topside ionosphere, and Earth's surface, enabling an examination of their propagation characteristics. We employ a time–frequency analysis technique and examine data from when the Cluster and CHAMP spacecraft were in good local time (LT) conjunction near the dayside noon–midnight meridian. We find clear evidence of the excitation of both Pc3 and Pc4-5 waves, but more significantly we find a clear separation in the L shell of occurrence of the Pc4-5 and Pc3 waves in the equatorial inner magnetosphere, separated by the density gradients at the plasmapause boundary layer. A key finding of the wavelet spectral analysis of data collected from the Geotail, Cluster, and CHAMP spacecraft and the CARISMA and GIMA magnetometer networks was a remarkably clear transition of the waves' frequency into dominance in a higher-frequency regime within the Pc3 range. Analysis of the local field line resonance frequency suggests that the separation of the Pc4-5 and Pc3 emissions across the plasmapause is consistent with the structure of the inhomogeneous field line resonance Alfvén continuum. The Pc4-5 waves are consistent with direct excitation by the solar wind in the plasma trough, as well as Pc3 wave absorption in the plasmasphere following excitation by upstream waves originating at the bow shock in the local noon sector. However, despite good solar wind coverage, our study was not able to unambiguously identify a clear explanation for the sharp universal time (UT) onset of the discrete frequency and large-amplitude Pc3 wave power.
35
Nadaf, Saleem K., Safa'a M. Al-Farsi, Saleh A. Al-Hinai, Aliya S. Al-Hinai, Abdul Aziz S. Al-Harthy, Saif A. Al-Khamisi, and Ahmed N. Al-Bakri. "Genetic diversity of 33 forage cactus pear accessions based on principal component analysis." Journal of the Professional Association for Cactus Development 18 (December 28, 2016): 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.56890/jpacd.v18i.56.
Full textAbstract:
The present research was undertaken to assess genetic diversity of 33 forage cactus pearaccessions introduced from different countries for their suitability in the existing fodderproduction system in Arabian Peninsula countries including Oman. These accessions wereevaluated in randomized complete block design with four replications for two consecutive years2014 and 2015 at Agriculture Research Center, Rumais in Oman. The characters cladodegreen and dry matter yields and their related traits plant height (cm), number of cladodes andcladode weight were considered for study. The results of principal component analysis (PCA)indicated that of the total four components, the first two components PC1 and PC2 accountedfor 97.65 and 2.27%, respectively which in combination contributed to 99.92% of the totalvariation among characters studied in fodder cactus pear accessions whereas remaining twocomponents PC3 (0.06%) and PC4 (0.02 %) contributed a meagre 0.08% to the total variation.The first principal component had high positive loading for only green matter yield with thehighest value of 0.993 whereas second principal component had highest loading for plantheight (0.998) in contributing to the diversity. However, PC3 and PC4 were accounted by higherpositive loading in respect of dry matter yield (0.853) and number of cladodes (0.855). Theresults of correlation analysis indicated that of 10 possible correlations from five charactersstudied, seven correlations which were found significant (p<0.05) were also positive in natureof association. The scatter of accessions based on PC1 and PC2 scores resulted in groupingthem into six clusters consisting of accession ranging from 1 to 9. These results could beapplied in either selecting higher green matter yielding accessions from high yielding groups torecommend for either general cultivation or planning and execution of future breeding programfor higher forage productivity in cactus by selecting accessions from different clusters asparents for hybridization.
36
Kramarenko, S. S., N. I. Kuzmichova, and A. S. Kramarenko. "The use of multidimensional methods of analysis of the intra-breed variability of fat content in milk of dairy cattle." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 21, no. 91 (November 6, 2019): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet-a9101.
Full textAbstract:
The analysis included data on the origin and milk productivity of 109 first-born red steppe breed, which were descendants of five bulls-offspring (Narcissus, Topol, Tangens, Neptune, and Orpheus) and were kept in SE “Plemproductor Stepove” (Mykolaiv region, Ukraine ) during the years 2001–2014. The purpose of this study was to analyze the fat content of milk during different months of lactation (MFP1, MFP2,…, MFP10) to determine latent variables that best describe the variability of dairy cows' productivity in this herd. High correlation estimates of fat milk scores in different lactation months have been established. According to the results of the Principal Component Analysis, based on the (co)variation matrix of fat content in milk, three new variables (PC1, PC2, and PC3) were identified, which accounted for about 82% of the variability of the original data. The First Main Component (PC1) explained 53.5%, Second (PC2) – 17.7%, and Third (PC3) – 10.6% of the variability of the original data, respectively. PC1 was highly correlated with MFP4-MFP10 and, thus, it distributed the animals according to their fat content level. PC2 was highly positively correlated with MFP8-MFP10 but highly negatively correlated with M FP1-MFP3 and thus it shows the rate of increase in fat content in milk during lactation. PC3 characterizes the variability of fat content in milk during the first and second half of lactation. The Linear Discriminant Analysis found that the MFP1-MFP2 and MFP9-MFP10 scores contributed most to the discrimination among the five subpopulations. The individual identification of the offspring groups of different bulls according to the cross-check classification ranged from 44.4% (Topol) to 87.5% (Orpheus) of cows, which were correctly assigned to their own group.
37
Munkhsuren, Badrakh, Batkhuyag Enkhdalai, Tserendash Narantsetseg, Khurelchuluun Udaanjargal, Demberel Orolmaa, and Dolgorjav Munkhjin. "Lithological mapping using remote sensing techniques: A case study of Alagbayan area, Dornogobi province, Mongolia." Mongolian Geoscientist 26, no. 53 (December 30, 2021): 37–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mgs.v26i53.1790.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigated the multispectral remote sensing techniques including ASTER, Landsat 8 OLI, and Sentinel 2A data in order to distinguish different lithological units in the Alagbayan area of Dornogobi province, Mongolia. Therefore, Principal component analysis (PCA), Band ratio (BR), and Support Vector Machine (SVM), which are widely used image enhancement methods, have been applied to the satellite images for lithological mapping. The result of supervised classification shows that Landsat data gives a better classification with an overall accuracy of 93.43% and a kappa coefficient of 0.92 when the former geologic map and thin section analysis were chosen as a reference for training samples. Moreover, band ratios of ((band 7 + band 9)/band 8) obtained from ASTER corresponds well with carbonate rocks. According to PCs, PC4, PC3 and PC2 in the RGB of Landsat, PC3, PC2, PC6 for ASTER data are chosen as a good indicator for different lithological units where Silurian, Carboniferous, Jurassic, and Cretaceous formations are easily distinguished. In terms of Landsat images, the most efficient BR was a ratio where BRs of 5/4 for alluvium, 4/7 for schist and 7/6 to discriminate granite. In addition, as a result of BR as well as PCA, Precambrian Khutag-Uul metamorphic complex and Norovzeeg formation can be identified but granite-gneiss and schist have not given satisfactory results.
38
Andryushin, A. "Ice loads on pod unit bodies of ice-going ships." Transactions of the Krylov State Research Centre S-I, no. 2 (December 28, 2020): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24937/2542-2324-2020-2-s-i-19-30.
Full textAbstract:
This paper presents the methodology for determination of ice loads on the elements of pod propulsion units for Arc4-Arc9 ships. The conclusion gives calculation results for ice loads on pod units for Arc5 and Arc7 ships, and compares these results with those obtained as per DNV-GL rules for ice classes PC6, PC5, PC3
39
Li, Tongju, Bruce Qing Tang, Wei-Bo Zhang, Minyi Zhao, Qingchuan Hu, and Andrew Ahn. "In Vivo Visualization of the Pericardium Meridian with Fluorescent Dyes." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2021 (March 29, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5581227.
Full textAbstract:
The anatomical basis of acupuncture meridians continues to be enigmatic. Although much attention has been placed on potential correlations with inter/intramuscular fascia or lower electrical impedance, animal studies performed in the past 40 years have shown that tracer dyes—specifically Tc-99m pertechnetate—injected at strategic skin points generate linear migrations closely aligning with acupuncture meridians. To evaluate whether this phenomenon is also observable in humans, we injected two fluorescent dyes—fluorescein sodium and indocyanine green (ICG)—into the dermal layer both at acupuncture points (PC5, PC6, and PC7) and a nonacupoint control. Fifteen healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. Of the 19 trials of fluorescein injected at PC6, 15 (79%) were associated with slow diffusion of the dye proximally along a path matching closely with the pericardium meridian. Furthermore, the dye emerged and coalesced proximally at exactly acupoint PC3. Injections of ICG at the acupoints PC5, PC6, or PC7 showed a similar trajectory close to the injection site but diverged when migrating proximally, failing converge on acupoint PC3. Injections of either dye at an adjacent PC6-control did not generate any notable linear pathway. Both ultrasound imaging and vein-locating device did not reveal any corresponding vessels (arterial or venous) at the visualized tracer pathway but did demonstrate correlations with intermuscular fascia.
40
Xu, Hanqiu, Weifang Duan, Wenhui Deng, and Mengjing Lin. "RSEI or MRSEI? Comment on Jia et al. Evaluation of Eco-Environmental Quality in Qaidam Basin Based on the Ecological Index (MRSEI) and GEE. Remote Sens. 2021, 13, 4543." Remote Sensing 14, no. 21 (October 24, 2022): 5307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14215307.
Full textAbstract:
Recently, Jia et al. employed the index, modified remote sensing ecological index (MRSEI), to evaluate the ecological quality of the Qaidam Basin, China. The MRSEI made a modification to the previous remote sensing-based ecological index (RSEI), which is a frequently used remote sensing technique for evaluating regional ecological status. Based on the investigation of the ecological implications of the three principal components (PCs) derived from the principal component analysis (PCA) and the case study of the Qaidam Basin, this comment analyzed the rationality of the modification made to RSEI by MRSEI and compared MRSEI with RSEI. The analysis of the three PCs shows that the first principal component (PC1) has clear ecological implications, whereas the second principal component (PC2) and the third principal component (PC3) have not. Therefore, RSEI can only be constructed with PC1. However, MRSEI unreasonably added PC2 and PC3 into PC1 to construct the index. This resulted in the interference of each principal component. The addition also significantly reduced the weight of PC1 in the computation of MRSEI. The comparison results show that MRSEI does not improve RSEI, but causes the overestimation of the ecological quality of the Qaidam Basin. Therefore, the modification made by MRSEI is questionable and MRSEI is not recommended to be used for regional ecological quality evaluation.
41
NAKAYAMA, Kazuhisa. "Furin: a mammalian subtilisin/Kex2p-like endoprotease involved in processing of a wide variety of precursor proteins." Biochemical Journal 327, no. 3 (November 1, 1997): 625–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3270625.
Full textAbstract:
Limited endoproteolysis of inactive precursor proteins at sites marked by paired or multiple basic amino acids is a widespread process by which biologically active peptides and proteins are produced within the secretory pathway in eukaryotic cells. The identification of a novel family of endoproteases homologous with bacterial subtilisins and yeast Kex2p has accelerated progress in understanding the complex mechanisms underlying the production of the bioactive materials. Seven distinct proprotein convertases of this family (furin, PC2, PC1/PC3, PC4, PACE4, PC5/PC6, LPC/PC7/PC8/SPC7) have been identified in mammalian species, some having isoforms generated via alternative splicing. The family has been shown to be responsible for conversion of precursors of peptide hormones, neuropeptides, and many other proteins into their biologically active forms. Furin, the first proprotein convertase to be identified, has been most extensively studied. It has been shown to be expressed in all tissues and cell lines examined and to be mainly localized in the trans-Golgi network, although some proportion of the furin molecules cycle between this compartment and the cell surface. This endoprotease is capable of cleaving precursors of a wide variety of proteins, including growth factors, serum proteins, including proteases of the blood-clotting and complement systems, matrix metalloproteinases, receptors, viral-envelope glycoproteins and bacterial exotoxins, typically at sites marked by the consensus Arg-Xaa-(Lys/Arg)-Arg sequence. The present review covers the structure and function of mammalian subtilisin/Kex2p-like proprotein convertases, focusing on furin (EC 3.4.21.85)
42
Amini Chermahini, Fatemeh, Elham Raeisi, Mathias Hossain Aazami, Abbas Mirzaei, Esfandiar Heidarian, and Yves Lemoigne. "Does Bromelain-Cisplatin Combination Afford In-Vitro Synergistic Anticancer Effects on Human Prostatic Carcinoma Cell Line, PC3?" Galen Medical Journal 9 (August 29, 2020): 1749. http://dx.doi.org/10.31661/gmj.v9i0.1749.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Bromelain enhances anticancer impacts to chemotherapeutic agents. The question as to whether bromelain does promote in-vitro cytotoxic and proapoptotic effects of cisplatin on human prostatic carcinoma PC3 cell line was investigated. Materials and Methods: PC3 (human prostatic carcinoma) cells were treated either single or in combination with bromelain and/or cisplatin. MTT, clonogenic assay, flow cytometry and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to investigate cell viability, colony formation, proapoptotic potential and p53 gene expression, respectively. Results: Cisplatin (IC10) combined with bromelain (IC40) significantly affected PC3 cell viability, inhibited colony formation, as well increased p53 proapoptotic gene expression compared to cisplatin single treatment. Nevertheless, bromelain-cisplatin chemoherbal combination did not display any additive proapoptotic effect compared to single treatments. Conclusion: Bromelain-cisplatin chemoherbal combination demonstrated synergistic in-vitro anticancer effect on human prostatic carcinoma cell line, PC3, that drastically reduced required cisplatin dose. [GMJ.2020;9:e1749]
43
Parker, James, and Lina Lundgren. "Surfing the Waves of the CMJ; Are There between-Sport Differences in the Waveform Data?" Sports 6, no. 4 (December 8, 2018): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports6040168.
Full textAbstract:
The ability to analyse countermovement jump (CMJ) waveform data using statistical methods, like principal component analysis, can provide additional information regarding the different phases of the CMJ, compared to jump height or peak power alone. The aim of this study was to investigate the between-sport force-time curve differences in the CMJ. Eighteen high level golfers (male = 10, female = 8) and eighteen high level surfers (male = 10, female = 8) performed three separate countermovement jumps on a force platform. Time series of data from the force platform was normalized to body weight and each repetition was then normalized to 0–100 percent. Principal component analyses (PCA) were performed on force waveforms and the first six PCs explained 35% of the variance in force parameters. The main features of the movement cycles were characterized by magnitude (PC1 and PC5), waveform (PC2 and PC4), and phase shift features (PC3). Surf athletes differ in their CMJ technique and show a greater negative centre of mass displacement when compared to golfers (PC1), although these differences are not necessarily associated with greater jump height. Principal component 5 demonstrated the largest correlation with jump height (R2 = 0.52). Further studies are recommended in this area, to reveal which features of the CMJ that relate to jumping performance, and sport specific adaptations.
44
Lee, Reeree, Jung Hwan Shin, Hongyoon Choi, Han-Joon Kim, Gi Jeong Cheon, and Beomseok Jeon. "Variability of FP-CIT PET Patterns Associated With Clinical Features of Multiple System Atrophy." Neurology 96, no. 12 (February 3, 2021): e1663-e1671. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000011634.
Full textAbstract:
ObjectiveTo validate the role of the dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging as a biomarker in multiple system atrophy (MSA), we analyzed the association between spatial patterns of [18F]fluoro-propyl-carbomethoxy-iodophenyl-tropane ([18F]FP-CIT) PET and the clinical characteristics of MSA.MethodsSixty-five patients with MSA who underwent [18F]FP-CIT PET between 2009 and 2018 were retrospectively enrolled. To identify spatial patterns of [18F]FP-CIT PET, principal component (PC) analysis was used and correlated with the clinical presentation.ResultsOf the 65 patients, 42 presented with parkinsonian subtype of MSA, and 23 presented with cerebellar subtype of MSA (mean age 63.7 ± 9.3 years; disease duration, 1.8 ± 1.8 years). Each PC represents a specific pattern of degeneration: PC1 and PC2 were associated with the DAT binding of the entire putamen and the posterior putamen, respectively. PC3 was associated with increased [18F]FP-CIT uptake of the caudate and decreased uptake of the dorsal pons. PC2 was significantly correlated with the presence of parkinsonism (p = 5.34 × 10−5) and a positive levodopa response (p = 0.044), with age as a cofactor. PC3 was correlated with the presence of urinary incontinence (p = 0.036). Onset age was significantly correlated with both PC2 (R = 0.48, p = 5.0 × 10−5) and PC3 (R = −0.39, p = 0.0013).ConclusionsThe spatial pattern of DAT binding can reflect distinct clinical features of MSA and provides insight into the underlying pathophysiology of a broad spectrum of clinical features in MSA.
45
Taylor, NA, G. Jan, KT Scougall, K. Docherty, and KI Shennan. "Sorting of PC2 to the regulated secretory pathway in AtT20 cells." Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 21, no. 2 (October 1, 1998): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/jme.0.0210209.
Full textAbstract:
PC2 and PC3 are neuroendocrine specific members of the eukaryotic subtilisin-like proprotein convertase (PC) family. Both are sorted via the regulated secretory pathway into secretory granules. In order to identify sequences in PC2 which are involved in targeting to the regulated secretory pathway we expressed a series of PC2 cDNAs containing mutations in the C terminal or propeptide domains in the mouse corticotrophic AtT20 cell line. Sorting of endogenous PC3 was used as a control. PC2 and PC3 were secreted with similar kinetics and sorted to secretory granules with similar efficiencies. Deletions of up to 50 amino acids from the C-terminus of proPC2 had no effect on secretion or sorting, but larger deletions completely prevented maturation or secretion. Two large deletions within the propeptide also prevented secretion. Smaller deletions between the primary and secondary cleavage sites, or of the primary cleavage site, reduced the amount of protein secreted but did not affect sorting to secretory granules. Replacement of the propeptide of PC2 with that of the endogenous PC3 also had no effect on secretion or sorting. The results indicate that targeting of proPC2 to the regulated secretory pathway is dependent on more than one region within the proPC2 molecule.
46
Satari, Atefeh, Sayed Asadollah Amini, Elham Raeisi, Yves Lemoigne, and Esfandiar Heidarian. "Synergetic Impact of Combined 5-Fluorouracil and Rutin on Apoptosis in PC3 Cancer Cells through the Modulation of P53 Gene Expression." Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin 9, no. 3 (August 1, 2019): 462–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/apb.2019.055.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose: Prostate cancer is as far the most prevalent male cancer. Rutin (a glycoside from quercetin flavonoid) displays antioxidant activity leading to cell apoptosis. Combined effects of rutin with the widely used anti-cancer drug, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), on prostate cancer cell line (PC3) was investigated herein. Methods: Different concentrations of combined 5-FU and rutin were applied to PC3 cells compared to separate treatment for 48 hours. Cell viability, as well p53 gene expression respectively were assessed by MTT assay and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Changes of Bcl-2 signal protein and apoptosis were determined using western blot and flow cytometry procedures, respectively. Clonogenic assay was used to colony counts assessment. Results: 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of separate cell treatment with either rutin and 5-FU respectively were 900 μM and 3Mm, while combination index (CI) of combined 5-FU /rutin application reached a level of synergistic effects (0.33). Combination of 5-FU/rutin enhanced apoptosis and p53 gene expression in PC3 cells. PC3 cell colony counts and Bcl-2 signaling protein were decreased by 5-FU/rutin combination. Conclusion: Synergistic effects of 5-FU/rutin combination on PC3 cells line enhanced apoptosis, p53 gene expression, and down-regulation of Bcl-2 protein, compared to control separate application. 5-FU/rutin combination does seem an interesting therapeutic pathway to be further investigated.
47
Maśko, Małgorzata, Małgorzata Wierzbicka, Łukasz Zdrojkowski, Tomasz Jasiński, Urszula Sikorska, Bartosz Pawliński, and Małgorzata Domino. "Comparison of Donkey, Pony, and Horse Dorsal Profiles and Head Shapes Using Geometric Morphometrics." Animals 12, no. 7 (April 5, 2022): 931. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12070931.
Full textAbstract:
Since donkey breeding has increased due to their variety of uses, welfare evaluation has become more important. This study aimed to compare donkey, pony, and horse dorsal profiles and head shapes using geometric morphometrics (GM). Photographs of 14 donkeys, 14 ponies, and 14 horses were analyzed using GM, including the sliding semilandmarks method. The variations in the first three principal components (PCs) were PC1: 57.16%, PC2: 16.05%, and PC3: 8.31% for the dorsal profiles and PC1: 44.77%, PC2: 13.46%, and PC3: 7.66% for the head shapes. Both the dorsal profiles and head shapes differed between donkeys and horses (p < 0.0001) but not between donkeys and ponies (p > 0.05). Moreover, both the dorsal profiles and head shapes differed in size between ponies and horses (p < 0.0001) but not in shape (p > 0.05). Higher Mahalanobis and Procrustes distances were noted between donkeys and horses as well between donkeys and ponies than between ponies and horses. The use of geometric morphometrics revealed the differences in the dorsal profiles and head shapes between the studied equids. These differences should be taken into account when adapting welfare scales and methods from horses to donkeys.
48
Burman, Maumita, Sunil Kumar Nair, and Arvind Kumar Sarawgi. "Principal Component Analysis for Yield and its Attributing Traits in Aromatic Landraces of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)." International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management 12, no. 5 (August 31, 2021): 303–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.23910/1.2021.2348a.
Full textAbstract:
The present investigation was carried out in Kharif 2019 (July to November) to estimate the relative contribution of various traits for total genetic variability present in aromatic landraces by Principal Component Analysis. Here 90 aromatic rice landraces along with six check varieties were evaluated for 13 quantitative characters by Principal Component Analysis. Principal Component Analysis showed that, out of 13 quantitative characters studied, only five principal components (PCs) exhibited more than 1.00 eigen value and showed about 81.62% cumulative variability among the traits studied. Out of the five principal components exhibiting more than 1.00 eigen value PC1 had the highest variability (25.12%) followed by PC2 (21.8%). The first principal component PC1 was positively contributed mainly by two characters viz., Grain Length and 1000 grain weight. The second principal component PC2 was contributed mostly by three characters like grain yield plant-1, panicle weight and spikelet fertility percentage. The third principal component PC3 is positively associated with panicle weight, grain yield plant-1 and spikelet fertility percentage. The fourth principal component PC4 is positively associated with spikelet fertility percentage, Grain Length/ Breadth ratio and fertile grains panicle-1. The fifth principal component PC5 is positively associated with total grains per panicle-1, grain width and 1000 grain weight. All the principal components were showing positive contribution for yield and its attributing traits. These variations can be exploited in crop improvement programme for developing high yielding varieties.
49
Tani, M., Y. Asakura, H. Hasegawa, K. Shinmura, Y. Ebihara, and Y. Nakamura. "Effect of preconditioning on ryanodine-sensitive Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum of rat heart." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 271, no. 3 (September 1, 1996): H876—H881. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1996.271.3.h876.
Full textAbstract:
The effect of varying the number of preconditioning (PC) episodes on the recovery of cardiac function and on the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) was investigated to determine the correlation between the effect of PC and SR function. Isolated rat hearts were subjected to zero to three 5-min episodes of global ischemia with intermittent perfusion (PC0-PC3) followed by 25 min of ischemia (I) and 30 min of reperfusion. The left ventricular (LV) pressure and SR 45Ca2+ uptake in the absence or presence of ryanodine were then measured. The increase in LV end-diastolic pressure and the incidence and duration of ventricular tachyarrhythmias during reperfusion decreased. The recovery of LV developed pressure, LV dP/dtmax and dP/dtmin, increased as the number of episodes of PC increased. The rates of SR 45Ca2+ uptake after PC and after reperfusion were lower in PC3 than in PC0. Conversely, the rate of 45Ca2+ uptake after I did not differ between PC0 and PC3. The ryanodine-sensitive Ca2+ release increased after I, and additional increases were observed during reperfusion in PC0, whereas the release after I and reperfusion decreased progressively in PC3. These observations show that the beneficial effects of PC are associated with a decrease in ryanodine-sensitive SR Ca2+ release.
50
Guardavaccaro, Daniele, Giuseppina Corrente, Francesca Covone, Laura Micheli, Igea D'Agnano, Giuseppe Starace, Maurizia Caruso, and Felice Tirone. "Arrest of G1-S Progression by the p53-Inducible Gene PC3 Is Rb Dependent and Relies on the Inhibition of Cyclin D1 Transcription." Molecular and Cellular Biology 20, no. 5 (March 1, 2000): 1797–815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.20.5.1797-1815.2000.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT The p53-inducible gene PC3 (TIS21, BTG2) is endowed with antiproliferative activity. Here we report that expression ofPC3 in cycling cells induced accumulation of hypophosphorylated, growth-inhibitory forms of pRb and led to G1 arrest. This latter was not observed in cells with genetic disruption of the Rb gene, indicating that thePC3-mediated G1 arrest was Rb dependent. Furthermore, (i) the arrest of G1-S transition exerted by PC3 was completely rescued by coexpression of cyclin D1 but not by that of cyclin A or E; (ii) expression of PC3 caused a significant down-regulation of cyclin D1 protein levels, also in Rb-defective cells, accompanied by inhibition of CDK4 activity in vivo; and (iii) the removal from the PC3 molecule of residues 50 to 68, a conserved domain of the PC3/BTG/Tob gene family, which we term GR, led to a loss of the inhibition of proliferation as well as of the down-regulation of cyclin D1 levels. These data point to cyclin D1 down-regulation as the main factor responsible for the growth inhibition by PC3. Such an effect was associated with a decrease of cyclin D1 transcript and of cyclin D1 promoter activity, whereas no effect of PC3 was observed on cyclin D1 protein stability. Taken together, these findings indicate that PC3 impairs G1-S transition by inhibiting pRb function in consequence of a reduction of cyclin D1 levels and that PC3 acts, either directly or indirectly, as a transcriptional regulator of cyclin D1.