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Al-Sehemi, Abdullah G., Tarek M. El-Gogary, Karl Peter Wolschann, and Gottfried Koehler. "Structure and Stability of Chemically Modified DNA Bases: Quantum Chemical Calculations on 16 Isomers of Diphosphocytosine." ISRN Physical Chemistry 2013 (February 25, 2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/146401.
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We studied for the first time 16 tautomers/rotamers of diphosphocytosine by four computational methods. Some of these tautomers/rotamers are isoenergetic although they have different structures. High-level electron correlation MP2 and MP4(SDQ) ab initio methods and density functional methods employing a B3LYP and the new M06-2X functional were used to study the structure and relative stability of 16 tautomers/rotamers of diphosphocytosine. The dienol tautomers of diphosphocytosine are shown to be much more stable than the keto-enol and diketo forms. The tautomers/rotamers stability could be ranked as PC3 = PC12 < PC2 = PC11 < PC1 < PC10 < PC8 < PC9 < PC15 < PC16 < PC6 ~ PC7 < PC13 < PC4 ~ PC14 < PC5. This stability order was discussed in the light of stereo and electronic factors. Solvation effect has been modeled in a high dielectric solvent, water using the polarized continuum model (PCM). Consideration of the solvent causes some reordering of the relative stability of diphosphocytosine tautomers: PC3 ~ PC12 ~ PC2 ~ PC11 < PC1 < PC10 < PC8 < PC9 < PC15 ~ PC16 < PC13 < PC6 ~ PC7 ~ PC14 < PC4 ~ PC5.
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Zhang, Tianci, Jiacheng Zhang, Ning Yang, et al. "Cooling Effects of Urban Park Green Spaces in Downtown Qingdao." Sustainability 17, no. 10 (2025): 4521. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17104521.
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Global climate warming and rapid urbanization have intensified the urban heat island effect (UHI). Previous studies indicated that urban parks could effectively mitigate the UHI and improve urban thermal environments. This study aimed to quantify the cooling effect of 64 urban park green spaces in downtown Qingdao. Park cooling intensity (PCI), park cooling gradient (PCG), park cooling area (PCA), and park cooling efficiency (PCE) were selected as indicators to quantify the cooling effect of park green space. These four indicators comprehensively assessed park cooling effects in terms of the maximum value and cumulative value, respectively. Key factors influencing cooling factors and their relative importance were analyzed. The results showed that the mean PCI, PCG, PCA, and PCE were, respectively, 0.02 °C, 0.71, 63.72 ha, and 10.71 °C for the 64 park green spaces. The average temperature reduction and cooling distance were, respectively, 3.35 °C and 211.53 m. Correlation analysis revealed that park area, park perimeter, and NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) were significantly positively correlated with PCA, PCI, and PCG. Conversely, these factors presented a significant negative correlation with PCE. Additionally, water body ratio and green space ratio were positively correlated with PCA, while green space ratio was also positively correlated with PCI. The threshold value of efficiency (TVoE), which was calculated based on PCA, was 30.24 ha. TVoE represented the minimum area of urban park green space required to maximize cooling benefits. By means of Ward’s hierarchical clustering method, the 64 park green spaces were classified into four cooling clusters, which were dominated by differentiated cooling metrics and characterized by distinct internal landscapes and surrounding environments. Cluster 1 accounted for 43.75% of the 64 park green spaces, and it was dominated by PCI and PCG. These findings would provide crucial insights for optimizing urban thermal environments, enhancing livability, and promoting sustainable urban planning.
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Gibson, Sigrid, and Margaret Ashwell. "Dietary patterns among British adults: compatibility with dietary guidelines for salt/sodium, fat, saturated fat and sugars." Public Health Nutrition 14, no. 8 (2011): 1323–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980011000875.
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AbstractObjectiveTo examine dietary patterns among British adults, associations with Na and macronutrient intakes, and implications for dietary advice.DesignPrincipal component analysis of 7 d weighed dietary records.SubjectsAdults aged 19–64 years (n 1724).SettingNational Diet and Nutrition Survey (2000/2001).ResultsHigh Na intake was associated with more energy-dense diets, higher in fat and SFA (percentage of energy) but lower in non-milk extrinsic sugars (NMES). Eight patterns (PC1 to PC8) explained 40 % of the total variance in food intakes. Three patterns – PC3 (high loadings on bread, fats and cheese), PC2 (meat products, eggs and chips) and PC7 (red meat, sauces and alcohol) – were associated with high Na intake. Of these, PC3 correlated with high Na density and Na:K ratio, while PC2 correlated with fat. By contrast, three patterns – ‘health-conscious’ (PC1; vegetables, fruit, fruit juice, fish), ‘breakfast cereals and milk’ (PC6) and ‘chicken and rice’ (PC8) – were associated with modest Na intake, lower Na density and lower fat and SFA. PC2 was positively correlated, and PC1 was negatively correlated, with adding salt to food. Other patterns were ‘tea/coffee and cakes’ (PC4; associated with high SFA and NMES) and ‘soft drinks and snacks’ (PC5; associated with high NMES but not fat or SFA). The dietary patterns of males and females differed slightly.ConclusionsDietary patterns PC1, PC6, PC8 (vegetables, fruit, fish, milk, breakfast cereals, poultry) were broadly compatible with guidelines for salt, fat, SFA and NMES. However, other patterns tended to be high in either salt or NMES.
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Jensen, Matt, Trent Stellingwerff, Courtney Pollock, James Wakeling, and Marc Klimstra. "Can Principal Component Analysis Be Used to Explore the Relationship of Rowing Kinematics and Force Production in Elite Rowers during a Step Test? A Pilot Study." Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction 5, no. 1 (2023): 237–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/make5010015.
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Investigating the relationship between the movement patterns of multiple limb segments during the rowing stroke on the resulting force production in elite rowers can provide foundational insight into optimal technique. It can also highlight potential mechanisms of injury and performance improvement. The purpose of this study was to conduct a kinematic analysis of the rowing stroke together with force production during a step test in elite national-team heavyweight men to evaluate the fundamental patterns that contribute to expert performance. Twelve elite heavyweight male rowers performed a step test on a row-perfect sliding ergometer [5 × 1 min with 1 min rest at set stroke rates (20, 24, 28, 32, 36)]. Joint angle displacement and velocity of the hip, knee and elbow were measured with electrogoniometers, and force was measured with a tension/compression force transducer in line with the handle. To explore interactions between kinematic patterns and stroke performance variables, joint angular velocities of the hip, knee and elbow were entered into principal component analysis (PCA) and separate ANCOVAs were run for each performance variable (peak force, impulse, split time) with dependent variables, and the kinematic loading scores (Kpc,ls) as covariates with athlete/stroke rate as fixed factors. The results suggested that rowers’ kinematic patterns respond differently across varying stroke rates. The first seven PCs accounted for 79.5% (PC1 [26.4%], PC2 [14.6%], PC3 [11.3%], PC4 [8.4%], PC5 [7.5%], PC6 [6.5%], PC7 [4.8%]) of the variances in the signal. The PCs contributing significantly (p ≤ 0.05) to performance metrics based on PC loading scores from an ANCOVA were (PC1, PC2, PC6) for split time, (PC3, PC4, PC5, PC6) for impulse, and (PC1, PC6, PC7) for peak force. The significant PCs for each performance measure were used to reconstruct the kinematic patterns for split time, impulse and peak force separately. Overall, PCA was able to differentiate between rowers and stroke rates, and revealed features of the rowing-stroke technique correlated with measures of performance that may highlight meaningful technique-optimization strategies. PCA could be used to provide insight into differences in kinematic strategies that could result in suboptimal performance, potential asymmetries or to determine how well a desired technique change has been accomplished by group and/or individual athletes.
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Wu, Tianji, Xuhui Wang, Le Xuan, et al. "How to Plan Urban Parks and the Surrounding Buildings to Maximize the Cooling Effect: A Case Study in Xi’an, China." Land 13, no. 8 (2024): 1117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land13081117.
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Urban areas with parks tend to have the best outdoor thermal comfort in regions with high urban heat island effects during summer. This study analyzed the synergistic cooling effects of 94 urban parks and the adjacent built-up areas in six districts of Xi’an City using four cooling indicators: park cooling intensity (PCI), park cooling area (PCA), park cooling effect (PCE), and park cooling gradient (PCG). The results showed that 84 out of 94 parks exhibited significant cooling effects, with an average PCI of 1.98 °C, PCA of 51.7 ha, PCE of 6.6, and PCG of 8.2 °C/km. Correlation analyses indicated that the intrinsic park attributes, external buffer zone building height, and building density were the main factors affecting the cooling effect. The park landscape configuration, building height, and density significantly influenced the PCI and PCG, while the park shape and size were crucial for the PCA (positive) and PCE (negative). The optimal park areas for improving the thermal environment were identified as 26 ha (cooling area focus, building density <13%) and 15 ha (cooling intensity focus, building height <21 m, density >32%). This study provides theoretical guidance for planning urban parks and the surrounding areas based on cooling effects, offering insights for future climate resilience planning.
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Bijarania, Subhash, Anil Pandey, Mainak Barman, Monika Shahani, and Gharsi Ram. "Assesment of divergence among soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] genotypes based on phenological and physiological traits." Environment Conservation Journal 23, no. 1&2 (2022): 72–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.021808-2117.
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A study was conducted to understand genetic divergence in Randomized complete block design accommodating 30 soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] genotypes randomly in three replications. These genotypes were evaluated for twenty-seven traits: five phenological, nine agro-morphological, eight physiological traits (from field-trial) and five physiological traits (from laboratory experiment) recorded and subjected to PCA (Principal Component Analysis) and cluster analysis. Among all the studied cultivars, significant diversity, as well as analysis of dispersion, was recorded for different agro-morphological characters. D2-statistic (Tocher method) framed (generalized distance-based) nine clusters: largest with eight and five were oligo-genotypic. Harvest index>seed yield per plant>germination relative index>seedling dry weight contributed maximum towards total divergence. From the most divergent clusters, 21 crosses involving cluster v genotypes (PS-1347, RKS-18, PS-1092, NRC-142, VLS-94, NRC-136, and Shalimar Soybean-1) with monogenotypic cluster VII (AMS-2014), VIII (RSC-11-15) and III (RSC-10-71) suggested for future hybridization. Out of eighteen, only eight principal components revealed more than 1.00 eigen value and exhibited about 85.03% variability among the traits studied. The highest variability (25.41%) by PC1 followed by PC2 (15.60%), PC3 (12.35%), PC4 (10.13%), PC5 (7.20%), PC6 (5.43%), PC7 (4.80%) and PC8 (4.11%) for characters under study.
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He, Manting, and Chaobin Yang. "Analyzing Cooling Island Effect of Urban Parks in Zhengzhou City: A Study on Spatial Maximum and Spatial Accumulation Perspectives." Sustainability 16, no. 13 (2024): 5421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16135421.
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As a result of urbanization, cities worldwide are experiencing urban heat island (UHI) challenges. Urban parks, which are essential components of urban blue and green landscapes, typically have lower temperatures in providing outdoor comfort than their surroundings with impervious surfaces. This phenomenon, known as the park cooling island effect (PCIE), has been recognized as an effective approach to mitigate the negative effects of the UHI in the context of sustainable development of urban environment. To cope with the serious UHI challenge and to guide urban park planning and design for Zhengzhou City, which is one of the China’s new first-tier cities, 35 urban parks in the city were analyzed in this study. Remotely sensed land surface temperature (LST) and reflectance images by Landsat 9 and Sentinel-2 were selected as data sources. A cubic polynomial model that depicts the relationship between the LST and the distance from the park edge was first built for each park. Based on this model, the spatial maximum perspective metrics (including the park cooling area (PCA) and park cooling efficiency (PCE)) and the spatial accumulation perspective metrics (including park cooling intensity (PCI) and park cooling gradient (PCG)) were calculated to quantify the PCIE of each park. The 35 parks were divided into three groups using the hierarchical clustering method for further analysis. For each group, the metrics of the PCIE were statistically analyzed, and the main factors influencing the PCIE were identified by the Spearman correlation coefficient. The results indicate the following: (1) The 35 urban parks exhibit an obvious PCIE. The maximum cooling distance is 133.95 ± 41.93 m. The mean LST of the park is 3.01 ± 1.23 °C lower than that within the maximum cooling distance range. (2) The PCIE varies among different types of parks. Parks with large areas and covered by certain water bodies generally exhibit higher PCA, PCI, and PCG values. However, parks with small areas and mainly covered by vegetation show higher PCE values, which makes them more economical in exerting the PCIE. (3) Park area and landscape shape index (LSI) were positively correlated with PCA, PCI, and PCG. However, there is a threshold in the relationship between the park area and the PCI. A park area of approximately 19 ha can produce a higher PCI than a smaller one. In central urban areas with limited space, parks with small areas, complex shapes, and predominant vegetation coverage can be designed to achieve higher cooling efficiency.
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Brown, Scott A., Delmar R. Finco, F. Douglas Boudinot, Jennifer Wright, Stacy L. Tarver, and Tanya Cooper. "Evaluation of a single injection method, using iohexol, for estimating glomerular filtration rate in cats and dogs." American Journal of Veterinary Research 57, no. 1 (1996): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1996.57.01.105.
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Abstract Objective To evaluate the utility of a method for estimating glomerular filtration rate (GFR) after single IV administration of iohexol. Design The plasma clearance of iodine (PCI), taken as the quotient of the administered dose of iodine (300 to 600 mg of l/kg of body weight) divided by the area under the plasma iodine concentration versus time curve determined by 4 methods (PCI1–PCI4). The results for PCI were compared with simultaneously obtained values for the urinary clearance of exogenously administered creatinine (CCr), a widely accepted method for the measurement of GFR in cats and dogs. Animals Cats and dogs that were renal intact (n = 5 cats; n = 1 dog) or had renal mass reduced by partial nephrectomy (n = 5 cats; n = 7 dogs). Results Values for PCI were closely related (R2 values ranged from 0.947 to 0.992; P < 0.0001 in all cases) to CCr. Despite this close correlation between CCr and PCI, the 95% confidence interval for the difference between PCI3 and CCr included values that exceeded 1.4 ml/min/kg, which represents 50% of the mean value for CCr in renal-intact cats. Conclusions Determination of PCI provided a reliable estimate of GFR in cats and dogs of this study. However, differences between 1 of the methods (PCI3) and CCr are clinically important, emphasizing the need to use more than simple linear regression analysis and correlation coefficients when attempting to validate new measurement techniques. Clinical Relevance The determination of PCI provided a reliable estimate of GFR in cats and dogs of this study. (Am J Vet Res 1996;57:105-110)
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Blachowski, Jan, and Monika Hajnrych. "Assessing the Cooling Effect of Four Urban Parks of Different Sizes in a Temperate Continental Climate Zone: Wroclaw (Poland)." Forests 12, no. 8 (2021): 1136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12081136.
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Urban parks have been known to form park cooling islands (PCI), which can effectively alleviate the effect of urban heat islands (UHI) in cities. This paper presents results obtained for four different size parks in the city of Wroclaw, which is located in a temperate continental climate. The number of publications for urban areas located in this type of climate and cities is low compared to sites in hot and humid areas. Land surface temperature (LST) maps were developed from Landsat 8 Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) data acquired during three hottest weather periods between 2017 and 2019. Metrics and spatial statistics characterising the four parks selected for the analysis based on their size were calculated. These included: perimeter, area, landscape shape index (LSI) and PLC (forest area) park metrics, and Park Cooling Area (PCA), Park Cooling Efficiency (PCE), Park Cooling Gradient (PCG), Park Cooling Island (PCI) and Extended Park Cooling Island (PCIe) spatial indexes. The averaged PCIe values ranged from 2.0 to 3.6 °C, PCI from 1.9 to 3.6 °C, PCG from 0.7 to 2.2 °C, PCE from 5.3 to 11.5, and PCA from 78.8 to 691.8 ha depending on the park. The cooling distance varied from 110 m to 925 m depending on park size, forest area and land use type in the park’s vicinity. The study provides new insight into urban park cooling effects in a medium sized city located in a temperate continental climate, and the role of parks in regulation of urban temperature to mitigate the UHI effect.
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Alkhasawneh, Mutasem Shabeb. "Software Defect Prediction through Neural Network and Feature Selections." Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing 2022 (September 26, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2581832.
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Software failure such as software defect causes billion of dollar loss every year. Software failure also affects billion of people worldwide. Inadequate software testing can cause software failure. To predict the software defect, this study proposed a model consisting of feature selection and classifications. The correlation base method was used for feature selection, and radial base function neural network (RBF) was used for classification. Also, for testing the proposed system, fourteen NASA data sets were used including CM1, JM1, KC1, KC2, KC3, KC4, MC1, MC2, MW1, PC1, PC2, PC3, PC4, and PC5. The data set was divided using the well-known K-cross-validation methods which were performed to divide the data set for training and testing the RBF. The RBF were trained and tested before and after feature selections. Precision, recall, F-measure, and accuracy are four methods used to evaluate the performance of the proposed methods. The precision obtained for the fourteen data sets was CM1, 94.01%; JM1, 85.18%; KC1, 83.24%; KC2, 81.27%; KC3, 79.30%; KC4, 85.29%; MC1, 99.89%; MC2, 73.27%; MW1, 90.90%; PC1, 98.79%; PC2, 100%; PC3, 95.67%; PC4, 95.12%; and PC5, 80.89%. Recall was as follows: CM1, 95.78%; JM1, 87.89%; KC1, 86.24%; KC2, 83.82%; KC3, 82.10%; KC4, 86.28%; MC1, 100%; MC2, 76.67%; MW1, 92.09%; PC1, 99.98%; PC2, 100%; PC3, 96.23%; PC4, 95.17%; and PC5, 81.80%. F-measure was as follows: CM1, 0.95; JM1, 0.87; KC1, 0.83; KC2, 0.82; KC3, 0.85; KC4, 0.86; MC1, 0.99; MC2, 0.76; MW1, 0.95; PC1, 0.99; PC2, 0.99; PC3, 0.97; PC4, 0.95; and PC5, 0.80. The accuracy obtained was as follows: CM1, 93.99%; JM1, 84.87%; KC1, 83.25%; KC2, 79.11%; KC3, 78.25%; KC4, 83.18%; MC1, 99.01%; MC2, 70.18%; MW1, 88.90%; PC1, 98.99%; PC2, 99.80%; PC3, 94.11%; PC4, 94.4%; and PC5, 79.02%. The proposed method results were compared with the result obtained from different methods. The proposed model obtained better results than other methods for data set CM1, KC4, MC1, PC1, PC2, PC3, PC4, and PC5.
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T. N., Dhanalakshmi, Madhusudan K., Ramesh S., Mohan Rao A., Srinivas Reddy K M., and Anand S. R. "Unveiling Genetic Diversity in Grain Amaranth through K-Means Clustering and Principal Component Analysis." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 36, no. 10 (2024): 611–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i105111.
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Grain amaranth (Amaranthus spp.) is a highly versatile and nutrient-dense pseudo-cereal that has gained increasing importance in global food systems. Developing diverse varieties and hybrids of grain amaranth (Amaranthus spp.) is essential for harnessing its full potential as a climate-resilient and nutritionally rich crop. Germplasm studies provide a comprehensive understanding of the genetic diversity within amaranth, facilitating the breeding of improved cultivars that combine desirable traits such as higher yield, enhanced nutritional content, and increased tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Varietal development and hybridization can optimize characteristics like seed size, growth habit, and adaptability, making amaranth more suitable for a range of agroecological zones. In this direction present study conducted by evaluating 180 grain amaranth germplasm accessions for yield and contributing factors during the summer 2024 at the ICAR-IISS Regional Station in Bengaluru adjacent to NSP. Genetic distances among 180-grain amaranth germplasm accessions were determined using K-means clustering, resulting in 06 distinct groupings. Cluster V comprised of more number of accessions (48) and the least number of accessions in cluster VI (15). As per PCA, eight eigen values explains the total variance; among which PC1 explained maximum variance 82.06% followed by PC2, PC3, PC4, PC5, PC6, PC7 and PC8 explained 8.87%, 5.39%, 1.63%, 1.02%, 0.51%, 0.45% and 0.07 % respectively.
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Freyer, C., L. M. Kilpatrick, L. A. Salamonsen, and G. Nie. "Pro-protein convertases (PCs) other than PC6 are not tightly regulated for implantation in the human endometrium." Reproduction 133, no. 6 (2007): 1189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-06-0285.
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Pro-protein convertases (PCs) are a family of serine proteases (furin, PC1/3, PC2, PACE4, PC4, PC5/6, PC7/8) responsible for post-translational processing and activation of inactive precursors of many regulatory proteins. Endometrial PC6 is critical for implantation in mice and for decidualization of human endometrial stromal cells (ESCs). This study investigated the endometrial expression of other PCs during the menstrual cycle and early pregnancy to elucidate potential redundancies. Furin, PC4, PACE4, and PC7 along with PC6 transcripts were detected in total endometrial RNA, whereas PC1 and PC2 transcription levels were negligible. Quantitative RT-PCR demonstrated highest levels of furin mRNA during menstruation and lowest levels during the proliferative phase. Furin protein was immunolocalized in endometrial luminal and glandular epithelia, stromal fibroblasts, endothelia, and leukocytes. PACE4 and PC7 proteins were also immunodetected in endometrial stroma and glands. Total furin, PC7, and PACE4 proteins were constitutive in both stromal and glandular compartments throughout the cycle and during first trimester pregnancy. Furthermore, Furin and PC7 transcription was unaltered during decidualization of ESCsin vitroin contrast to PC6 which is significantly up-regulated during decidualization. Thus, whereas PC6 is tightly regulated during endometrial preparation for implantation, furin, PACE4, and PC7 are constitutively expressed in human endometrium, but must be considered if PC6 is to be targeted for manipulation of fertility.
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Kondi, Ravi, Sonali Kar, and Soumya Surakanti. "Agro-morphological and biochemical characterization and principal component analysis for yield and quality characters in fine-scented rice genotypes." Genetika 54, no. 3 (2022): 1005–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr2203005k.
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Forty-one fine-scented rice genotypes were evaluated for 18 agro-morphological and quality characters for characterization, and 21 quantitative characters were evaluated for principal component analysis in R-studio software. Characterization of agro-morphological traits viz., plant height, days to 50% flowering, panicle length, number of effective tillers per plant, test weight, grain length, grain breadth, grain L: B ratio, kernel length, kernel breadth, kernel dimensions, awns, colour of awns, distribution of awns, and quality traits viz., alkali spreading value, gel consistency, grain aroma, and amylose content showed huge diversity among the genotypes. PCA revealed that PC1 showed the highest amount of variance (32.0%) followed by PC2 (15.7%), PC3 (9.0%), PC4 (8.1%), PC5 (7.8%), PC6 (5.4%) for quantitative characters. Out of 21 principal components, only 6 showed an eigenvalue greater than 1 and contributes about 78.1% total variance Genotypes in PC1 showed higher values for grain L: B ratio and kernel L: B ratio. Similarly, PC2 showed higher variable values for characters like test weight, kernel length, grain length, grain breadth, alkali spreading value, grain yield per plot and amylose content. PC3 for harvest index, panicle length, gel consistency, no. of effective tillers per plant and head rice recovery. PC4 for characters like plant height, kernel breadth and days to 50% flowering. PC5 for characters like kernel elongation ratio, and filled grains per panicle. PC6 for characters like no. of tillers in a square meter and no. of panicles in a square meter. This pre-breeding characterization study may be useful in finding potential genotypes which are having both yield and quality characters which may be useful in breeding for high-yielding varieties with good-quality characters.
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Zheng, Songxin, Lichen Liu, Xiaofeng Dong, Yanqing Hu, and Pengpeng Niu. "Dominance of Influencing Factors on Cooling Effect of Urban Parks in Different Climatic Regions." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 23 (2022): 15496. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315496.
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The enhancement of the park cooling effect (PCE) is one method used to alleviate the urban heat island (UHI). The cooling effect is affected by park factors; however, the importance of these factors in the case of the PCE is still unclear. Optimizing or planning urban parks according to the importance of the influencing factors can effectively enhance the PCE. Herein, we selected 502 urban parks in 29 cities in China with three different climatic regions and quantified the PCE based on the park cooling intensity (PCI) and park cooling area (PCA). Subsequently, the relative importance of the influencing factors for the PCE was compared to identify the main factors. Consequently, certain park planning suggestions were proposed to enhance the cooling effect. The results show that: (1) the PCE increased in the order of arid/semi-arid, semi-humid, and humid regions. (2) The main factors of the PCI differed significantly in different climatic regions; however, the waterbody within a park significantly affected the PCI in all three climates. However, for the PCA, park patch characteristics were the dominant factor, contributing approximately 80% in the three climates regions. (3) In arid/semi-arid and semi-humid regions, the optimal area proportion of waterbody and vegetation within the park were approximately 1:2 and 1:1, respectively, and the threshold value of the park area was 16 ha. In contrast, in the humid region, the addition of a waterbody area within the park, to the best extent possible, enhanced the PCI, and the threshold value of the park area was 19 ha. The unique results of this study are expected to function as a guide to future urban park planning on a regional scale to maximize ecological benefits while mitigating the UHI.
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Saputra, Irwan, and Irma Ratna Kartika. "Prediction of biomarker peak of infrared spectra between pork fat and chicken meat fat using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy technique and clotter plot method." Journal of Halal Science and Research 5, no. 2 (2024): 172–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/jhsr.v5i2.10820.
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The increasingly widespread contamination of chicken meat by pork requires a method to identify the presence of these contaminants quickly and cheaply. Apart from analyzing the spectrum of various pure animal fats, this research also aims to vary the concentration of pork fat and chicken fat to know the FTIR peak spectrum, which will change with changes in concentration. The presence of spectral peaks that change can be identified due to changes in pork fat concentration, which also shows a typical peak spectrum position in pork fat. Variations in the concentration of pork fat contaminants in chicken fat consist of the ratio of the mixture of pork fat (PF) and chicken fat (CF), namely 90:10 (PC1), 80:20 (PC2), 70:30 (PC3), 60:40 (PC4), 50:50 (PC5), 40:60 (PC6), 30:70 (PC7), 20:80 (PC8), and 10:90 (PC9). A scatter plot, a graph usually used to see the relationship pattern between 2 variables, is employed in this research to visualize the changes in spectral peaks with varying concentrations of pork fat in chicken fat. The data scale must be an interval and ratio scale to use a scatter plot. Biomarker wavelengths were identified from the spectra of four animal fats and palm oil at positions 2948.9 and 3007 cm−1, separated by four animal fats and palm oil at a certain distance, thus indicating that these wavelengths could be used to identify non-halal samples. Keywords: Chicken, Clotter plot, Fat, Infrared, Meat, Pork, Spectra
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Choi, Taejeong, ChangGwon Dang, Gyeonglim Ryu, et al. "Analysis of pedigree structure and inbreeding coefficient for Jersey dairy cattle in Korea." Journal of Animal Breeding and Genomics 8, no. 4 (2024): 127–33. https://doi.org/10.12972/jabng.20240405.
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This study was conducted to analyze the pedigree information of the Korean Jersey dairy cattle breed and to determine how the inbreeding coefficient is changing. A total of 3,624 pedigree data for 976 Jersey cows were used for the analysis, and the pedigree completeness index (PCI) and inbreeding coefficient by birth year were calculated and compared. As a result of the PCI analysis, PCI1, PCI3, and PCI5 were all over 90%, confirming that the pedigree information was well managed. However, the inbreeding coefficient analysis results confirmed that the inbreeding coefficient exceeded 5% after 2020 and increased by 0.2% every year. In particular, after 2020, the proportion of individuals born through embryo transfer and artificial insemination using domestically produced embryos increased. The decrease in the number of individuals used as sire compared to the number of mating heads at that time was found to be one of the reasons for the increase in the inbreeding coefficient of the Jersey breed. In order to develop the sustainable Jersey breed industry, it is necessary to continuously manage pedigree and implement design mating program.
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Sholihin. "AMMI stability for starch yield of cassava in the acid area for determining clones’ stability." E3S Web of Conferences 306 (2021): 01005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130601005.
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The study aimed to evaluate the phenotypic stability of cassava promising clones’ cassava clones in acidic regions based on AMMI stability. The study was done during 2015-2018 in several environments in Lampung. The study was done using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Plants were planted in 5 m x 4.8 m plot size, with 1 m distance between rows and 0.8 m within row. The plants were fertilized with 93 kg N, 36 kg P2O5 and 60 kg K2O per hectare. Seven cassava promising clones and two check varieties were used in this study. Data were analyzed using Excel, MSTAT-C and PBTOOLs. Research showed that compared with clone PC2, PC3, PC5 and clone PC7, clone PC1, PC4, PC6, UJ3 and clone UJ5 are more stable. According to the AMMI analysis, based on the seven-month starch yield, the important environmental factors that determined the stability of cassava clones are the content of N and P2O5 in the upper soil layer and the cation exchange capacity ground. The starch yield in seven months of PC4 was the highest among the clones. Clone PC4 is potential to be developed in acid area.
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Porcaro, Antonio B., Alessandro Tafuri, Marco Sebben, et al. "Prostate volume index and prostatic chronic inflammation have an effect on tumor load at baseline random biopsies in patients with normal DRE and PSA values less than 10 ng/ml: results of 564 consecutive cases." Therapeutic Advances in Urology 11 (January 2019): 175628721986860. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1756287219868604.
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Background: To assess the association of prostate volume index (PVI), defined as the ratio of the central transition zone volume (CTZV) to the peripheral zone volume (PZV), and prostatic chronic inflammation (PCI) as predictors of prostate cancer (PCA) load in patients presenting with normal digital rectal exam (DRE) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) ⩽ 10 ng/ml at baseline random biopsies. Methods: Parameters evaluated included age, PSA, total prostate volume (TPV), PSA density (PSAD), PVI and PCI. All patients underwent 14 core transperineal randomized biopsies. We considered small and high PCA load patients with no more than three (limited tumor load) and greater than three (extensive tumor load) positive biopsy cores, respectively. The association of factors with the risk of PCA was evaluated by logistic regression analysis, utilizing different multivariate models. Results: 564 Caucasian patients were included. PCA and PCI were detected in 242 (42.9%) and 129 (22.9%) cases, respectively. On multivariate analysis, PVI and PCI were independent predictors of the risk of detecting limited or extensive tumor load. The risk of detecting extensive tumor load at baseline biopsies was increased by PSAD above the median and third quartile as well as PVI ⩽ 1 [odds ratio (OR)=1.971] but decreased by PCI (OR=0.185; 95% CI: 0.088–0.388). Conclusions: Higher PVI and the presence of PCI predicted decreased PCA risk in patients presenting with normal DRE, and a PSA ⩽ 10 ng/ml at baseline random biopsy. In this subset of patients, a PVI ⩽ or >1 is able to differentiate patients with PCA or PCI.
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Choudhary, Madhu, Ravi P Singh, PK Singh, and Jayasudha S. "Principal component analysis of morpho-floral traits in Oryza sativa × Oryza longistaminata advanced backcross lines of rice." Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences 12, no. 3 (2024): 419–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18006/2024.12(3).419.425.
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Hybrid rice technology substantially improves the food security of South Asian countries where rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a staple food. Several traits contribute to hybrid seed production efficiency, among which stigma exsertion is crucial for enhancing production by facilitating out-crossing pollination. This study evaluated the variation patterns and relative impact of 12 morpho-floral traits on overall variability in advanced backcross lines derived from crosses CRMS 32B cv. Oryza sativa and Oryza longistaminata. For this study, 290 BC4F2 lines were grown during Kharif 2019 in 3 replications using a randomized complete block design (RCBD). Principle component analysis (PCA) was performed on all traits, and the findings revealed 11 principal components (PCs). Out of 11 PCs, the first five displayed eigenvalues exceeding 1, collectively explaining 78.78% of the total variability. PC1, PC2, PC3, PC4, and PC5 contributed 26.36%, 19.94%, 14.22%, 9.81%, and 8.44% of the variation, with eigenvalues of 3.16, 2.39, 1.71, 1.18 and 1.01, respectively. PC1 was predominantly associated with yield-related traits such as panicle length, plant height, grain yield per plant, grains per panicle, and effective tillers per plant. On the other hand, PC2 was mainly associated with outcrossing-related floral traits such as total stigma exsertion percentage, dual stigma exsertion percentage, and single stigma exsertion percentage. However, PC3 and PC4 were associated with both floral and yield-related traits, i.e., days to 50% flowering (DF), days to maturity (DM), plant height (PH), effective tillers per plant (ETPP), spikelet fertility percentage (SFP), grain yield per plant (GYPP) and grains per panicle (GPP). Therefore, PC1, PC2, PC3, and PC4 were major contributors to rice hybrid seed production.
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Abarza, Liliann, Pablo Acuña-Mardones, Cristina Sanzana-Luengo, and Víctor Beltrán. "Determination of Morphogeometric Patterns in Individuals with Total Mandibular Edentulism in the Interforaminal Region from Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) Scans: A Pilot Study." Applied Sciences 12, no. 8 (2022): 3813. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12083813.
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The aim of this study was to determine the morphogeometric patterns of the interforaminal region from cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of individuals with total mandibular edentulism. CBCT images were obtained from 40 patients with total edentulism who are older (12 men and 28 women; average age of 69.5 ± 9.4 years) and who wore a non-implant-supported, lower, removable, total prosthesis. We conducted a two-dimensional (2D) morphogeometric analysis of the Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine (DICOM) files from the CBCT scans, and five equidistant cross sections were planned. For the three-dimensional (3D) morphogeometric analysis, standard triangular language (STL) files were obtained after segmentation of the interforaminal mandibular region, and four anatomical landmarks and their respective curves were digitized. The patterns among the shapes were determined using principal component analysis (PCA) on MorphoJ software (version 1.07a). The results of the 2D morphogeometric analyses for PCA of the interforaminal mandibular paramedian region were PC1 or elongated drop shape, 54.78%; PC2 or wineskin shape, 17.65%; PC3 or pear shape, 11.77%; and PC4 or eggplant shape, 5.71%, and those for PCA of the symphyseal region were PC1 or elongated drop shape, 62.13%; PC2 or ovoid shape, 11.64%; PC3 or triangular shape, 9.71%; and PC4 or tuber shape, 4.96%. The results of the 3D morphogeometric analyses for the interforaminal hemimandibular region were PC1, 59.83%; PC2, 10.39%; PC3, 7.67%; and PC4, 5.09%. This study provides relevant information for future clinical guidelines on prosthetics and implants, in addition to proposing the use of new technologies that support diagnosis and treatment in patients with edentulism.
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Mulsanti, I. W., A. Risliawati, and N. Yunani. "Agro-morphological characterization based genetic diversity of Indonesian local rice germplasm." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 948, no. 1 (2021): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/948/1/012004.
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Abstract The present study was carried out to characterize 103 Indonesian local rice germplasm on the basis of 20 agro-morphological traits. The local rice germplasm originated from Riau and Jambi province in Sumatera island. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to analyzed 11 quantitative data. PCA explained the genetic diversity of the rice germplasm accession. Most of the morphological characters showed variation in different accession. PC1 and PC2 explained about 32.5% and 22.1% of the variability, respectively. PCI and PC2 mostly related with traits such as productive tiller number (PTN), vegetative tiller number (VTN), plant height (PH), and culm length (CL). PCA-Biplot showed accession from Jambi and Riau manage to be separated, even though the PCA percent is only 54.6%. Accession originated from Riau marked by number of tillers (PTN, VTN), and grain weight (GW) traits. Based on cluster analysis, rice germplasm grouped in to 4 main clusters. Most of the accession from Jambi and Riau grouped in the same cluster, which is cluster I. Whereas eight local accessions from Riau grouped in the same cluster separately (cluster II). Two accession which are Padi Jarum (Acc 2711) and Ketan Hitam (Acc 9300) are individually, separated from others.
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NAKAYAMA, Kazuhisa. "Furin: a mammalian subtilisin/Kex2p-like endoprotease involved in processing of a wide variety of precursor proteins." Biochemical Journal 327, no. 3 (1997): 625–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3270625.
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Limited endoproteolysis of inactive precursor proteins at sites marked by paired or multiple basic amino acids is a widespread process by which biologically active peptides and proteins are produced within the secretory pathway in eukaryotic cells. The identification of a novel family of endoproteases homologous with bacterial subtilisins and yeast Kex2p has accelerated progress in understanding the complex mechanisms underlying the production of the bioactive materials. Seven distinct proprotein convertases of this family (furin, PC2, PC1/PC3, PC4, PACE4, PC5/PC6, LPC/PC7/PC8/SPC7) have been identified in mammalian species, some having isoforms generated via alternative splicing. The family has been shown to be responsible for conversion of precursors of peptide hormones, neuropeptides, and many other proteins into their biologically active forms. Furin, the first proprotein convertase to be identified, has been most extensively studied. It has been shown to be expressed in all tissues and cell lines examined and to be mainly localized in the trans-Golgi network, although some proportion of the furin molecules cycle between this compartment and the cell surface. This endoprotease is capable of cleaving precursors of a wide variety of proteins, including growth factors, serum proteins, including proteases of the blood-clotting and complement systems, matrix metalloproteinases, receptors, viral-envelope glycoproteins and bacterial exotoxins, typically at sites marked by the consensus Arg-Xaa-(Lys/Arg)-Arg sequence. The present review covers the structure and function of mammalian subtilisin/Kex2p-like proprotein convertases, focusing on furin (EC 3.4.21.85)
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Ngugi, Benjamin, Gina Vega, and Glenn Dardick. "PCI Compliance." International Journal of Information Security and Privacy 3, no. 2 (2009): 54–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jisp.2009040104.
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Chevalier, Bernard. "Primary PCI." Journal of the American College of Cardiology 74, no. 21 (2019): 2585–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2019.09.037.
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Camm, Hannah. "PCI-CLARITY: is clopidogrel pretreatment before PCI beneficial?" Nature Clinical Practice Cardiovascular Medicine 2, no. 12 (2005): 610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncpcardio0354.
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Danchin, Nicolas, and Paul W. Armstrong. "PCI at non-PCI centres: immediate or rescue?" Lancet 371, no. 9612 (2008): 534–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(08)60246-9.
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Kawai, Atsushi, Toshiyuki Fukushige, Makoto Taiji, Junichiro Makino, and Daiichiro Sugimoto. "The PCI Interface for GRAPE Systems: PCI-HIB." Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan 49, no. 5 (1997): 607–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pasj/49.5.607.
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Geiger, M., K. Huber, J. Wojta, et al. "Complex formation between urokinase and plasma protein C inhibitor in vitro and in vivo." Blood 74, no. 2 (1989): 722–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v74.2.722.722.
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Abstract Protein C inhibitor (PCI) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 3 (PAI-3; urinary urokinase inhibitor) are immunologically identical. The role of PCI for urokinase (uPA) inhibition in vivo was investigated. We therefore developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) specific for uPA-PCI complexes: Rabbit anti-PCI IgG was immobilized on a microtiter plate and following incubation with uPA-PCI complex- containing samples, bound uPA-PCI complexes were quantified with a horseradish-peroxidase-linked monoclonal antibody (MoAb) to uPA. Using this assay, time, dose, and heparin-dependent complexes were detected when uPA was incubated with normal plasma or purified urinary PCI, whereas no complexes were measurable using PCI-immunodepleted plasma. Plasma samples (containing 20 mmol/L benzamidine to prevent complex formation ex vivo) from patients undergoing systemic urokinase therapy (1 x 10(6) IU/60 min intravenously [IV]) after myocardial infarction were also studied. uPA present in these plasma samples (up to 1,200 ng/mL) had only 43% to 70% of the specific activity of purified 2-chain uPA, suggesting that a major portion of uPA is complexed to inhibitors. In these plasma samples uPA-PCI complexes were present in a concentration corresponding to 21% to 25% of inactive uPA antigen. These data suggest that at high uPA concentrations, such as during uPA therapy, plasma PCI might contribute significantly to uPA inhibition in vivo.
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Geiger, M., K. Huber, J. Wojta, et al. "Complex formation between urokinase and plasma protein C inhibitor in vitro and in vivo." Blood 74, no. 2 (1989): 722–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v74.2.722.bloodjournal742722.
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Protein C inhibitor (PCI) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 3 (PAI-3; urinary urokinase inhibitor) are immunologically identical. The role of PCI for urokinase (uPA) inhibition in vivo was investigated. We therefore developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) specific for uPA-PCI complexes: Rabbit anti-PCI IgG was immobilized on a microtiter plate and following incubation with uPA-PCI complex- containing samples, bound uPA-PCI complexes were quantified with a horseradish-peroxidase-linked monoclonal antibody (MoAb) to uPA. Using this assay, time, dose, and heparin-dependent complexes were detected when uPA was incubated with normal plasma or purified urinary PCI, whereas no complexes were measurable using PCI-immunodepleted plasma. Plasma samples (containing 20 mmol/L benzamidine to prevent complex formation ex vivo) from patients undergoing systemic urokinase therapy (1 x 10(6) IU/60 min intravenously [IV]) after myocardial infarction were also studied. uPA present in these plasma samples (up to 1,200 ng/mL) had only 43% to 70% of the specific activity of purified 2-chain uPA, suggesting that a major portion of uPA is complexed to inhibitors. In these plasma samples uPA-PCI complexes were present in a concentration corresponding to 21% to 25% of inactive uPA antigen. These data suggest that at high uPA concentrations, such as during uPA therapy, plasma PCI might contribute significantly to uPA inhibition in vivo.
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Anand, Kumar Jai, S. K. Singh, Teena Patel, Sachin Prakash Nagre, and Vijay Kumar Katara. "Exploring Genetic Diversity for Yield and Yield Attributing Traits in Pea (Pisum sativum L.) through D² and Principal Component Analysis." International Journal of Economic Plants 12, May, 3 (2025): 01–08. https://doi.org/10.23910/2/2025.5619.
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An experiment was conducted during the rabi season of November, 2019–April, 2020 at JNKVV, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh (482 004), India to scrutinize the genetic diversity among different Pea genotypes. Using Mahalanobis D2 Statistics, 52 genotypes were grouped into 8 clusters. Cluster I (32 genotypes), cluster II (12 genotypes), and cluster VI (3 genotypes) were found to be poly-genotypic, while the rest of the clusters were mono-genotypic. Notably, the genotypes of cluster II exhibited the highest inter-cluster distance with the genotype of cluster V, indicating significant potential for widening the genetic base of pea. Furthermore, the highest intra-cluster distance was found in cluster VI. Principal Component Analysis demonstrated that five principal components (PCs) exhibited more than 1.00 Eigen value, accounting for approximately 80.62% variability among the traits studied. PC1 demonstrated the highest variability at 36.18%, followed by PC2 (15.55%), PC3 (13.33%), PC4 (8.27%), and PC5 (7.28%). The PC1 loaded with yield traits including plant height, number of nodes plant-1, pod-bearing length, number of pods plant-1, effective pods plant-1, seeds plant-1, biological yield, and seed yield plant-1. The PC2 predominantly represented phenological traits such as days to first flower, days to 50% flowering, and days to maturity. The PC3 encompassed the harvest index, while PC4 focused on 100 seed weight. In contrast, PC5 is linked to pod length and seeds per pod. Additionally, based on PCA, the genotypes FP 14–21, JP 180, VRP 5, AMAN, HVP–2 and FP 14–17 were identified as potential lines.
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Sinha, Surabhi, Niraj Kumar, Bhavana P., H. C. Lal, Binay Kumar, and C. S. Mahto. "Genetic Diversity Analysis in Medium Duration Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L) Millsp.] Germplasm for Different Agronomic Traits and Biotic Factors." Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology 27, no. 5 (2024): 712–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jabb/2024/v27i5833.
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For the people living in tropical and sub-tropical regions, Pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L) Millsp.] is a very essential pulse crop because of its high nutrition along with several important features such as feed and fodder for animal consumption, fuel for household work etc. Despite being a multipurpose and attractive crop, its productivity has remained up to 700-800kg ha-1. Along-with low productivity, Pigeon pea is also affected by a number of biotic stresses such as fusarium wilt, pod borer, pod fly. It is therefore, need of the hour to search for the genetic diversity present in the existing cultivars along with wild relatives and landraces. The present investigation was conducted with forty Pigeon pea germplasm to assess the genetic diversity by principal component analysis (PCA). PCA is an important statistical technique which reduces the dimension of the much large data set into a more concise data set while retaining a significant amount of information from the original data. PCA analysis revealed a significant amount of variability present in the germplasm. PC1 contributed maximum variance towards diversity (22.05%) followed by PC2 (15.87%), PC3 (11.39%), PC4 (10.18%), PC5 (9.10%) and PC6 (8.18%). Scatter plot diagram showed that genotypes number 1 (CRG 82), 5 (GJP 1721), 19 (ICPL 15062), and 31 (BAUPP-18-8) exhibited the highest diversity.
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Elliott, Jacob C., Grace M. Wood, and Julianna C. Simon. "Real-time assessment of focused ultrasound-induced bioeffects in elastic tissues." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 155, no. 3_Supplement (2024): A50—A51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0026763.
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Highly elastic tissues have proven resistant to fractionation via focused ultrasound (fUS); however, our previous work in rat tendon has demonstrated a small window of parameters conducive to mild mechanical disruption. For therapeutic applications, there is a need to assess the extent of fUS-induced mechanical bioeffects in real time in order to avoid over- or under-treatment. Here, elastic collagen hydrogels (TeloCol®-10), as well as healthy and collagenase-soaked ex vivo bovine tendons, were exposed to fUS at 1.1–3.68 MHz (p + ≤ 127 MPa, p− ≤ 35 MPa) using 10-ms pulses repeated at 1 Hz. Cavitation signals were collected using simultaneous passive cavitation imaging (PCI) and passive cavitation detection (PCD) to monitor fUS treatment in real time. Preliminary data in polyacrylamide hydrogels and ex vivo bovine tendon show no consistent trends between simultaneous PCI and PCD signals; this is potentially due to different orientations of the receiving transducers, which we will further investigate. However, neither PCI nor PCD trends were consistently linked to a mechanical bioeffect. Therefore, we are exploring the addition of Doppler ultrasound to PCI/PCD to help link the fUS exposure to the desired bioeffect. [Work supported by NIHR01EB032860]
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Schilder, Louise, S. Azam Nurmohamed, Pieter M. ter Wee, et al. "Coagulation, Fibrinolysis and Inhibitors in Failing Filters during Continuous Venovenous Hemofiltration in Critically Ill Patients with Acute Kidney Injury: Effect of Anticoagulation Modalities." Blood Purification 39, no. 4 (2015): 297–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000380904.
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Introduction: The mechanisms of early filter failure and clotting with different anticoagulation modalities during continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) are largely unknown. Methods: Citrate, heparin and no anticoagulation were compared. Blood was drawn pre- and post filter up to 720 min. Concentrations of the thrombin-antithrombin (TAT), activated protein C-protein C inhibitor (APC-PCI), and type I plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) were determined. Results: In case of early filter failure (<24 h), inlet concentrations of TAT and APC-PCI were higher over time, irrespective of anticoagulation. There was more production of APC-PCI and platelet-derived PAI-1 in the filter after 10 min in the heparin group than in other groups. In clotting filters, production of APC-PCI and PAI was also higher with heparin than citrate. Conclusion: Coagulation activation in plasma and inhibition of anticoagulation in plasma and filter may partly determine early CVVH filter failure due to clotting, particularly when heparin is used. Regional anticoagulation by citrate circumvents the inhibition of anticoagulation and fibrinolysis by platelet activation following heparin.
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Elliott, Jacob, Eric Rokni, Paul Trzcinski, Michael Krane, Jeff Harris, and Julianna Simon. "Acoustic cavitation detection in biomedical and underwater systems." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 154, no. 4_supplement (2023): A192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0023234.
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In the past decade, significant progress has been made in detecting and localizing cavitation for treatment monitoring in biomedical acoustics. Here, we compare passive cavitation imaging (PCI) and passive cavitation detection (PCD) during histotripsy in tissue-mimicking polyacrylamide (PA) hydrogels; PCI and bubble Doppler ultrasound are also used to evaluate flow-induced cavitation in a water tunnel. A Philips/ATL L7-4 transducer driven with a research ultrasound system was used for both PCI and Doppler imaging; a Sonic Concepts Y-107 transducer was used for PCD. PA hydrogels were treated with 1.5 MHz focused ultrasound (10-ms pulses with p + = 127 MPa/p− = 35 MPa repeated at 1-Hz for 60 s). In the 12-in. water tunnel, cavitation on a 1-in. diameter steel cylinder was imaged through a 0.5-inch-thick acrylic window while flow increased from 30–35 ft/s. High-speed cameras were also used in both experiments. In PA hydrogels, cavitation was observed with both PCI and PCD, although signal trends differed over the treatment. In the water tunnel, both PCI and Doppler ultrasound detected and localized cavitation events such as the horseshoe vortex, with measured amplitudes increasing with flow speed. These results show that cavitation imaging can be applied to multiple areas of acoustics. [Tissue work supported by NIHR01EB032860].
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Varvařovský, Ivo. "Kontroverze - aspirin po PCI?Aspirin po PCI: proč nepodávat." Intervenční a akutní kardiologie 19, no. 3 (2020): 182–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.36290/kar.2020.040.
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Vojáček, Jan F. "Kontroverze - aspirin po PCI?Aspirin po PCI: proč podávat." Intervenční a akutní kardiologie 19, no. 3 (2020): 184–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.36290/kar.2020.041.
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&NA;. "Facilitated PCI associated with worse outcomes than primary PCI." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1091 (2006): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-200610910-00005.
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&NA;. "Facilitated PCI associated with worse outcomes than primary PCI." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 1527 (2006): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-200615270-00033.
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de Sousa Almeida, Manuel. "“Unsuitable for PCI…” Multivessel primary PCI. But for whom?" Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia (English Edition) 33, no. 2 (2014): 75–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.repce.2014.01.001.
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Soamangon, Rizky Rayhan Najib, Arif Wahyu Setyo Budi, Erika Loniza, Nurul Afifah, and Fakhrul Dewantoro. "PCI Relaxation Vest: Rompi Terapi untuk Pasien Post PCI." Techné : Jurnal Ilmiah Elektroteknika 23, no. 1 (2024): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31358/techne.v23i1.399.
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Penyakit jantung koroner menjadi penyebab kematian utama di dunia. Salah satu tindakan revaskularisasi bagi penderita penyakit jantung yang dapat menurunkan kasus tersebut adalah dengan tindakan percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Setelah menjalani tindakan, pasien post PCI harus diimobilisasi selama 11-12 jam. Kondisi pasien yang imobilisasi, posisi tubuh pasien harus terlentang di tempat tidur yang menyebabkan pasien mengalami nyeri punggung dan kecemasan. Tindakan intervensi yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengurangi tingkat nyeri punggung dan kecemasan adalah dengan terapi pijat dan terapi hangat. Tindakan terapi pijat dan terapi hangat saat ini dilakukan secara manual oleh tenaga kesehatan sehingga dibutuhkan sebuah inovasi berupa PCI Relaxation Vest. PCI Relaxation Vest merupakan sebuah rompi yang dapat memberikan sensasi pijat dan sensasi hangat untuk mengurangi tingkat nyeri punggung dan kecemasan bagi pasien post PCI. Metode yang digunakan pada prototipe berupa komponen koin getar untuk menghasilkan frekuensi getaran yang berfungsi untuk memberikan relaksasi pada punggung. Selain itu, prototipe ini dilengkapi dengan penghangat yang didapat dari keluaran komponen heater yang diletakkan di beberapa titik bahu, tulang belakang, dan bagian belakang ginjal di bagian punggung yang berfungsi sebagai terapi untuk meredakan nyeri. Dari hasil uji fungsi didapat kelistrikan tegangan sebesar 5,3 VDC dan arus sebesar 4,97ADC. Frekuensi yang dicapai oleh koin getar sebesar 80 Hz dan suhu yang diatur dari heater berada pada rentang suhu 36°C-45°C. Rompi ini dapat digunakan sebagai terapi pada pasien post PCI dengan pengawasan perawat.
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Sutapa, I. W., Y. Arafat, S. Lipu, and N. B. Rustiati. "A comparative study of SPI, PCI, PCD, and RAI methods for estimating drought in the Palu River Basin, Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1311, no. 1 (2024): 012056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1311/1/012056.
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Abstract The Palu Watershed is vulnerable to extreme hydrological events, especially periods of heavy rains and prolonged dry seasons. This study aims to determine the drought index and the results of a comparison of the drought index between the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Rainfall Anomaly Index (RAI), Rainfall Concentration Index (PCI), Rainfall Concentration Level (PCD), and Rainfall Concentration Period (PCP). The data used are monthly rainfall from Bora, Kalawara, Kulawi, Palolo, and Wuasa stations with observation periods from 1985 to 2021. The Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients are used to determine the relationship between SPI and RAI, PCI, PCD, and PCP. RMSE and MAE are used to find out the absolute error in predictions. The results obtained show: PCI shows a uniform distribution of rainfall (76.57%) and moderately seasonal (32.43%) there is no distribution of seasonal and strongly seasonal rainfall, the dominant SPI is the normal category followed by mild and moderate drought, PCD and PCP show that rainfall is homogeneous and distributed throughout years and no rain is concentrated at any one time, Comparison of the relationship between SPI and RAI is very strong and significant compared to SPI versus PCI, SPI versus PCD and SPI versus PCP.
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Dangar, Nikhil, and Pravin Vataliya. "Principal component regression analysis to predict lifetime milk yield of Jaffarabadi buffaloes." Buffalo Bulletin 43, no. 3 (2024): 441–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.56825/bufbu.2024.4334036.
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The study aims to devise most appropriate prediction model for lifetime milk production of Jaffarabadi Buffalo, based on principal components formulated on initially expressed lactation records as predictors. Lactation milk yield, lactation period and peak milk yield records of first, second and third lactations of animals under study were used of 24 years (1987 to 2010). Principal components (PCs) were derived from data set using principal component regression analysis (PCRA), the principal components were used as predictors for predicting lifetime milk yield (LTMY). Multiple linear regression models were fitted to identify the best fitted model for prediction of lifetime milk yield with the first principal component to all principal component as a predictor. The equation LTMY = 7825.8768+2.8118 (PC1) - 13.7098 (PC2) - 599.0908 (PC3) + 3.0266 (PC4) - 8.8196 (PC5) - 257.9315 (PC6) + 2.6042 (PC7) explained 98.9% variation in the estimated values with adjusted R2= 59.09% variation in the estimated values. The curve estimation analysis showing the appropriateness of first seven principal components as predictor was the most appropriate model for lifetime milk yield. These prediction equations may be helpful in selection at an early stage of Jaffarabadi Buffalo based on early part lactation records.
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Adjedj, J., J. F. Morelle, C. Saint Etienne, et al. "Clinical impact of FFR-guided PCI compared to angio-guided PCI from the France PCI registry." Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases Supplements 14, no. 1 (2022): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.acvdsp.2021.09.013.
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Lee, Myeounggon, Changhong Youm, Byungjoo Noh, and Hwayoung Park. "Gait Characteristics Based on Shoe-Type Inertial Measurement Units in Healthy Young Adults during Treadmill Walking." Sensors 20, no. 7 (2020): 2095. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20072095.
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This study investigated the gait characteristics of healthy young adults using shoe-type inertial measurement units (IMU) during treadmill walking. A total of 1478 participants were tested. Principal component analyses (PCA) were conducted to determine which principal components (PCs) best defined the characteristics of healthy young adults. A non-hierarchical cluster analysis was conducted to evaluate the essential gait ability, according to the results of the PC1 score. One-way repeated analysis of variance with the Bonferroni correction was used to compare gait performances in the cluster groups. PCA outcomes indicated 76.9% variance for PC1–PC6, where PC1 (gait variability (GV): 18.5%), PC2 (pace: 17.8%), PC3 (rhythm and phase: 13.9%), and PC4 (bilateral coordination: 11.2%) were the gait-related factors. All of the pace, rhythm, GV, and variables for bilateral coordination classified the gait ability in the cluster groups. We suggest that the treadmill walking task may be reliable to evaluate the gait performances, which may provide insight into understanding the decline of gait ability. The presented results are considered meaningful for understanding the gait patterns of healthy adults and may prove useful as reference outcomes for future gait analyses.
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Melo, Thiago de Sousa, Wandrick Hauss De Sousa, João Paulo de Farias Ramos, et al. "Multivariate techniques for analyzing morphological characteristics of cactus pear genotypes in semiarid Brazil." OBSERVATÓRIO DE LA ECONOMÍA LATINOAMERICANA 22, no. 2 (2024): e3299. http://dx.doi.org/10.55905/oelv22n2-135.
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The objective of this study was to identify variables with better discriminatory power between treatments and reduce the dimensions of the original data set. Multivariate principal component analysis (PCA) and dendrogram clustering techniques were used on a data set of morphological characteristics of cactus pear genotypes. The palm genotypes of the genera Nopalea and Opuntia were arranged in a completely randomized design, with 30 treatments and six replications. After 180 days of cultivation, morphological characteristics were evaluated, including plant height (PH) and width (PW), total number of plant cladodes (NCP), length (CL), width (CW), perimeter (CP), cladode thickness (CT), cladode area (CA), active photosynthetic area (APA) and cladode area index (CAI). Varimax rotation with Kaiser normalization was used to prevent variables with greater explanatory capacity from affecting the rotation. Measurements were obtained as part of cluster model generation, using a full set of morphological variables for subsequent analysis of principal component and cluster analyses. The main components obtained were efficient in reducing the total variation accumulated in 30 original variables correlated to two linear combinations, which explained 81.04% of the total variation present in the original variables. Grouping using the Ward hierarchical method formed 3 groups, namely, group I consisted of genotypes F27, F48, G1, G14, G15, G20, G3, PC2, PCD, PM, T72, V07 and V20; group II was composed of the genotypes BA, F16, F34, G4, G5, OEA, OEM, POEA, T35, T80 and V19 and; group III was composed of genotypes F24, PC1, PC3, PC4, PC5 and V17. PCA demonstrated that APA, CAI, CA, NCP, PH, PW and CT are morphological variables that determine the best palm characteristics. The association of cactus morphological variables varied according to the genotypes, within each genus Nopalea and Opuntia. The genotypes with the best morphological characteristics were F27, F48, G1, G14, G15, G20, G3, PC2, PCD, PM, T72, V07 and V20.
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Xie, Yun, Lujing Zhou, Xiaobin Zhang, Jinhu Wu, and Jiaming Dou. "Weighted Full-Focus Defect Detection and Imaging Method Based on Threshold Fusion for Phase Coherence Factor." Journal of Sensors 2022 (September 1, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6886025.
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Total focus (TFM) ultrasonic inspection imaging only uses the amplitude of defect data for delayed stack imaging (DAS), ignoring the phase information in the echo signal, which easily leads to low imaging resolution and interferes with subsequent quantitative analysis of defect size. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a phase coherence factor (TF-PCF) weighted full-focus imaging method based on threshold fusion: by combining the image sound intensity matrix with mathematical statistics, a reasonable threshold is set to screen out the effective pixels, and the parameter selection rules of the PCI algorithm model are redefined. The simulation and experimental results show that the TF-PCF imaging algorithm can effectively eliminate the noise information in the imaging area, including the artifacts near the defects that are difficult to be processed by PCI. Compared with PCI, TF-PCF has higher ability to quantify defect size. When using p-wave to detect large objects with a large number of defects and complex location distribution, the lateral size quantization error of the TF-PCF imaging algorithm is reduced by 8.5%. When sampling shear wave imaging to detect defects with tilted wedges, the lateral and longitudinal size quantization errors of defects are reduced by 10% and 20%, respectively. The reliability of defect size quantitative analysis is improved. Under the same test conditions, the complexity of TF-PCF model is far less than that of PCI model, which greatly improves the practicability of the algorithm model.
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Wulandari, Sari Ayu, Rudy Tjahyono, and Dian Retno Sawitri. "PERBANDINGAN TINGKAT PENGENALAN CITRA DIABETIC RETINOPATHY PADA KOMBINASI PRINCIPLE COMPONENT DARI 4 CIRI BERBASIS METODE SVM (SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE)." Majalah Ilmiah Teknologi Elektro 15, no. 1 (2016): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/mite.2016.v15i01p17.
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Perbedaan pigmentasi mempengaruhi metode pengenalan pola citra retinopati diabetik beserta setting poinnya. Dibutuhkan sebuah perangkat lunak, yang mampu menjadi alat bantu pengenalan citra retinopati diabetik. Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang pengenalan pola citra retinopati diabetik, dengan menggunakan citra kanal kuning (Yellow), dengan menggunakan filter gabor dan ciri yang diambil dari tiap citra adalah ciri rerata (Means), variasi Varians), skewness dan entropy, yang dilanjutkan dengan ekstraksi ciri PCA (Principle Component Analysis). Pada ekstraksi ciri PCA, Matriks hasil PCA merupakan matriks bujur sangkar, yang jumlah kolomnya, sama dengan jumlah ciri. Penelitian menggunakan 4 ciri, dengan demikian, terdapat 4 buah PC (Principle Component), PC1, PC2, PC3 dan PC4. Pada artikel ini akan dibahas mengenai tingkat akurasi tertinggi dari penggunaan pasangan PC. Tingkat akurasi, dihitung dengan menggunakan model linear dari SVM. Model dengan akurasi tertinggi dan tercepat adalah model pasangan PC1 dan PC2, yang mempunyai akurasi citra pembelajaran tertinggi yaitu 100% dan waktu tercepat, yang secara eksplisit diperlihatkan pada jumlah support vektor terkecil, yaitu 2. Pasangan yang mempunyai tingkat akurasi terburuk adalah PC3 dan PC4. Pengenalan turun pada citra pengujian, yaitu hanya 93,75%, hal ini disebabkan oleh pelebaran daerah cakupan. Pelebaran daerah cakupan kemungkinan disebabkan oleh pemilihan nilai rerata pada PCA, sebelum matriks reduksi. Pada penelitian berikutnya, bisa dilakukan dengan menggunakan pencarian nilai standart deviasi atau varians, dengan begitu, akan diketahui matriks reduksi yang mewakili sebaran angka pada matriks. DOI: 10.24843/MITE.1501.17
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Álvarez Cedillo, Jesús Antonio, and Macario García Arregui. "PCI Express: Generalidades." Polibits 32 (July 31, 2005): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17562/pb-32-2.
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Curzen, Nick. "Defining Successful PCI." JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions 15, no. 1 (2022): 62–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcin.2021.10.031.
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Nagori, Madhuri. "PCI in ARCA." Heart India 1, no. 2 (2013): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2321-449x.118584.
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