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1

Parvaz, Najmeh, and Zahra Jalali. "Molecular evolution of PCSK family: Analysis of natural selection rate and gene loss." PLOS ONE 16, no. 10 (2021): e0259085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259085.

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Proprotein convertases subtilisin kexins are serine endoproteases, playing critical roles in the biological functions, including lipid, glucose, and bile acid metabolism, as well as cell proliferation, migration, and metastasis. Experimental studies have demonstrated the physiological functions of PCSKs and their association with diseases; however, studies on the evolutionary history and diversification of these proteins are missing. In the present research, a bioinformatics study was conducted on the molecular evolution of several PCSKs family members and gene loss events across placental mam
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Porcheron, Chloé, Mailys Le Devehat, Anna Roubtsova, et al. "Blockade of colon cancer metastasis via single and double silencing ofPCSK7/PCSK9: enhanced T cells cytotoxicity in mouse and human." Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 13, no. 6 (2025): e011364. https://doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2024-011364.

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BackgroundImmunotherapy approaches based on T cells provided breakthroughs in cancer treatment but could cause many immune-related adverse events, and their efficacy is limited for many cancers with an acquired dysfunction/exhaustion of T cells. The present study presents a novel role in immunity for proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin 7 (PCSK7), the seventh proprotein convertase of the 9-membered secretory proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin (PCSK)-family.MethodsWe analyzed cell surface levels of various immune checkpoint proteins in human and mouse cell models in the presence or absenc
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3

Dongiovanni, Paola, Marica Meroni, Guido Baselli, et al. "PCSK7 gene variation bridges atherogenic dyslipidemia with hepatic inflammation in NAFLD patients." Journal of Lipid Research 60, no. 6 (2019): 1144–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1194/jlr.p090449.

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Dyslipidemia and altered iron metabolism are typical features of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 7 (PCSK7) gene variation has been associated with circulating lipids and liver damage during iron overload. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of the PCSK7 rs236918 variant on NAFLD-related traits in 1,801 individuals from the Liver Biopsy Cohort (LBC), 500,000 from the UK Biobank Cohort (UKBBC), and 4,580 from the Dallas Heart Study (DHS). The minor PCSK7 rs236918 C allele was associated with higher triglycerides, aminotransferases
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Malakootian, Mahshid, Parisa Naeli, Seyed Javad Mowla, and Nabil G. Seidah. "Post-Transcriptional Effects of miRNAs on PCSK7 Expression and Function: miR-125a-5p, miR-143-3p, and miR-409-3p as Negative Regulators." Metabolites 12, no. 7 (2022): 588. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo12070588.

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The regulatory mechanism of PCSK7 gene is still unknown, although its encoded protein PC7 is the most ancient and highly conserved of all proprotein convertases and exhibits enzymatic and non-enzymatic functions in liver triglyceride regulation. Bioinformatics algorithms were used to predict regulatory microRNAs (miRNAs) of PCSK7 expression. This led to the identification of four miRNAs, namely miR-125a-5p, miR-143-3p, miR-409-3p, and miR-320a-3p, with potential binding sites on the 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) of human PCSK7 mRNA. The expression patterns of these miRNAs and PCSK7 mRNA were
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5

Buch, Stephan, Aneesh Sharma, Eleanor Ryan, et al. "Variants in PCSK7, PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 are risk factors for the development of cirrhosis in hereditary haemochromatosis." Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 53, no. 7 (2021): 830–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/apt.16252.

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SummaryBackgroundCirrhosis develops in <10% of individuals homozygous for the C282Y variant in the homeostatic iron regulator (HFE) gene. Carriage of PCSK7:rs236918 is associated with an increased risk of cirrhosis in this population.AimTo determine if genetic variants significantly associated with the risk of alcohol‐ and NAFLD‐related cirrhosis also modulate the cirrhosis risk in C282Y homozygotes.MethodsVariants in PCSK7, PNPLA3, TM6SF2, MBOAT7 and HSD17B13 were genotyped in 1319 C282Y homozygotes, from six European countries, of whom 171 (13.0%) had cirrhosis. Genotypic and allelic asso
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Kupcinskas, Juozas, Irena Valantiene, Greta Varkalaitė, et al. "PNPLA3 and RNF7 Gene Variants are Associated with the Risk of Developing Liver Fibrosis and Cirrhosis in an Eastern European Population." Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases 26, no. 1 (2017): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15403/jgld.2014.1121.261.pnp.

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Background & Aims: Genome-wide association studies have revealed an association between the risk of developing liver fibrosis or cirrhosis and the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the PNPLA3, RNF7, MERTK and PCSK7 genes. We aimed to validate these results in an Eastern European population.Methods: We evaluated the associations between the PNPLA3 (rs738409), RNF7 (rs16851720), MERTK (rs4374383) and PCSK7 (rs236918) variants and liver fibrosis and cirrhosis in a series of consecutive patients recruited at the Department of Gastroenterology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences H
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7

Vargas-Alarcón, Gilberto, Oscar Pérez-Méndez, Héctor González-Pacheco, et al. "The rs508487, rs236911, and rs236918 Genetic Variants of the Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin–Kexin Type 7 (PCSK7) Gene Are Associated with Acute Coronary Syndrome and with Plasma Concentrations of HDL-Cholesterol and Triglycerides." Cells 10, no. 6 (2021): 1444. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10061444.

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Dyslipidemia has a substantial role in the development of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Previous reports, including genome-wide associations studies (GWAS), have shown that some genetic variants of the proprotein convertase subtilisin–kexin type 7 (PCSK7) gene are associated with plasma lipid levels. In the present study, we evaluated whether PCSK7 gene polymorphisms are significantly associated with the plasma lipid profile and ACS. Three PCSK7 gene polymorphisms (rs508487 T/C, rs236911 C/A, and rs236918 C/G) were determined using TaqMan genotyping assays in a group of 603 ACS patients and 6
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8

Ashraf, Yahya, Stéphanie Duval, Vatsal Sachan, et al. "Proprotein convertase 7 (PCSK7) reduces apoA‐V levels." FEBS Journal 287, no. 16 (2020): 3565–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/febs.15212.

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9

Tobiasch, Moritz, Benedikt Schaefer, André Viveiros, Herbert Tilg, Ivo Graziadei, and Heinz Zoller. "Survival in HFE hemochromatosis: influence of polymorphisms in HSD17B13, GNPAT, and PCSK7." Journal of Hepatology 73 (August 2020): S551—S552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-8278(20)31575-0.

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10

Schwienbacher, Christine, Alice Serafin, Alessandra Zanon, Peter P. Pramstaller, Irene Pichler, and Andrew A. Hicks. "Involvement of proprotein convertase PCSK7 in the regulation of systemic iron homeostasis." Hepatology 58, no. 5 (2013): 1860–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hep.26392.

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11

Carr, Rotonya M., and Nicholas O. Davidson. "Building bridges: PCSK7 as a NAFLD candidate gene connecting hepatic inflammation with hypertriglyceridemia." Journal of Lipid Research 60, no. 6 (2019): 1067–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1194/jlr.c094888.

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12

Ahmed, Nehal A., Mohamed M. Mohyeldin, Hassan Y. Ebrahim, Oliver C. McGehee, Md Towhidul Islam Tarun, and Khalid A. El Sayed. "(−)-Oleuropein as a Novel Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Progression and Recurrence Suppressor via Targeting PCSK9-LDLR Axis." Nutrients 17, no. 9 (2025): 1445. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17091445.

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Background/Objectives: Prostate cancer (PC) is among the most common malignancy in men. Several newly diagnosed patients have a locally advanced disease and distant metastasis at the initial diagnosis time. Castration-resistant PC (CRPC) patients have 100% recurrence incidence despite completing a therapeutic regimen, leading to high mortality. Androgen deprivation therapy and androgen inhibitors are initially effective, but resistance is inevitably developed. Epidemiological studies indicated that the Mediterranean diet, with high olive phenolic contents, is associated with a lower incidence
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13

Gagnon, Jeffrey, Janice Mayne, Majambu Mbikay, John Woulfe, and Michel Chrétien. "Expression of PCSK1 (PC1/3), PCSK2 (PC2) and PCSK3 (furin) in mouse small intestine." Regulatory Peptides 152, no. 1-3 (2009): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.regpep.2008.07.006.

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14

Liu, Rui, Weiwei Chu, Xiaojin Liu, Jie Hong, and Haiming Wang. "Establishment of Golgi apparatus-related genes signature to predict the prognosis and immunotherapy response in gastric cancer patients." Medicine 103, no. 11 (2024): e37439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000037439.

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The Golgi apparatus plays a crucial role in intracellular protein transportation, processing, and sorting. Dysfunctions of the Golgi apparatus have been implicated in tumorigenesis and drug resistance. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic and treatment response assessment value of Golgi apparatus-related gene (GARGs) features in gastric cancer patients. Transcriptome data and clinical information of gastric cancer patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases. Cox regression analysis was employed to assess the prognostic significance of GAR
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15

Seidah, Nabil G., Antonella Pasquato, and Ursula Andréo. "How Do Enveloped Viruses Exploit the Secretory Proprotein Convertases to Regulate Infectivity and Spread?" Viruses 13, no. 7 (2021): 1229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13071229.

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Inhibition of the binding of enveloped viruses surface glycoproteins to host cell receptor(s) is a major target of vaccines and constitutes an efficient strategy to block viral entry and infection of various host cells and tissues. Cellular entry usually requires the fusion of the viral envelope with host plasma membranes. Such entry mechanism is often preceded by “priming” and/or “activation” steps requiring limited proteolysis of the viral surface glycoprotein to expose a fusogenic domain for efficient membrane juxtapositions. The 9-membered family of Proprotein Convertases related to Subtil
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16

Oexle, Konrad, Janina S. Ried, Andrew A. Hicks, et al. "Novel association to the proprotein convertase PCSK7 gene locus revealed by analysing soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) levels." Human Molecular Genetics 20, no. 5 (2010): 1042–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddq538.

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17

Zhang, Xiaolong. "PCSK7, a potential target for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration: inhibition of retinal epithelial cell death." International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology 17, no. 10 (2024): 371–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.62347/lehu9944.

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18

Buch, S., M. J. Way, F. Stickel, et al. "Variants in TM6SF2 and PCSK7 are risk factors for the development of cirrhosis in people with genetic haemochromatosis." Journal of Hepatology 66, no. 1 (2017): S179—S180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-8278(17)30644-x.

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19

Buch, Stephan, Aneesh Sharma, Eleanor Ryan, et al. "Variants in PCSK7, PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 are risk factors for the development of cirrhosis in people with hereditary haemochromatosis." Journal of Hepatology 73 (August 2020): S63—S64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-8278(20)30666-8.

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20

Buch, Stephan, Felix Stickel, Heinz M. Zoller, et al. "592 Evaluation of Genome-Wide Loci of Iron Metabolism in Hereditary Hemochromatosis Identifies Pcsk7 as a Predictor of Liver Cirrhosis." Gastroenterology 142, no. 5 (2012): S—919. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5085(12)63567-7.

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21

Stickel, F., S. Buch, H. Zoller, et al. "134 EVALUATION OF GENOME-WIDE LOCI OF IRON METABOLISM IN HEREDITARY HEMOCHROMATOSIS IDENTIFIES PCSK7 AS A PREDICTOR OF LIVER CIRRHOSIS." Journal of Hepatology 56 (April 2012): S58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-8278(12)60148-2.

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22

Alieva, R. B., S. U. Hoshimov, Sh S. Ahmedova, F. M. Bekmetova, A. B. Shek, and R. D. Kurbanov. "ASSOTIATION OF THE GENETIC POLYMORPHISM E670G OF THE PCSK-9 AND THE SEVERITY OF THE CAROTID ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN PATIENTS WITH HETEROZYGOUS FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA IN UZBEK POPULATION." Eurasian heart journal, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.38109/2225-1685-2019-3-34-41.

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Objective: to study the severity of carotid artery atherosclerosis in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia in the Uzbek population, depending on the level of PCSK-9 and the genetic polymorphism E670G of the PCSK-9 gene.Material and methods. The study included 57 patients with chronic stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) and familial heterozygous hypercholesterolemia (HeFH, group I). The comparison group consisted of 144 patients with SCAD without HeFH divided into two subgroups: A - statin free before the research (n=63) and B (n=81) who took it as outpatients; control gro
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23

Jin, Jaeho, Wooyeon Jo, Ji Heon Noh, and Sang Ki Lee. "PCSK9 and LDL-C: The Role of Exercise." Exercise Science 29, no. 4 (2020): 347–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2020.29.4.347.

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PURPOSE: Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a pivotal regulator of low lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and LDL receptor (LDLR) metabolism, and the interest in PCSK9 has increased in cardiovascular diseases. Exercise reduces blood LDL-C via PCSK9-LDLR pathway in the liver and the vasculature. However, the mechanism of exercise-induced inhibition of PCSK is unclear. The aim of this review is to describe the role of exercise on PCSK9-LDLR axis in cardiovascular diseases.METHODS:This study review 34 previous studies focusing on the effect of exercise on PCSK9 in the human and
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24

Stickel, F., S. Buch, H. Zoller, et al. "Evaluation of genome-wide loci of iron metabolism in hereditary hemochromatosis identifies PCSK7 as a host risk factor of liver cirrhosis." Human Molecular Genetics 23, no. 14 (2014): 3883–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddu076.

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25

Turpeinen, Hannu, Anna Oksanen, Virpi Kivinen та ін. "Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 7 (PCSK7) Is Essential for the Zebrafish Development and Bioavailability of Transforming Growth Factor β1a (TGFβ1a)". Journal of Biological Chemistry 288, № 51 (2013): 36610–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m113.453183.

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26

Chaudhry, Sunil, and Abhijit Trailokya. "Positioning of PCSK9 Inhibitors in hypercholesterolemia." Indian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 10, no. 3 (2023): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijpp.2023.030.

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PCSK 9 inhibitors currently have a market of 3 billion USD and by next 10 years it will raise to 13 billion USD in developed world. The rising prevalence of dyslipidemia and other lipid disorders are linked to lipid metabolism due to an unbalanced lifestyle and rising alcohol and tobacco use. PCSK9 inhibitors are injectable monoclonal antibodies that inactivate PCSK9 receptors. PCSK9 inhibition decreases degradation of the LDL receptor, thus raising the number of functioning LDL receptors on hepatocytes and lowering the number of LDL particles in the blood, which are atherogenic. For patients
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Röhl, Samuel, Bianca E. Suur, Mariette Lengquist, et al. "Lack of PCSK6 Increases Flow-Mediated Outward Arterial Remodeling in Mice." Cells 9, no. 4 (2020): 1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9041009.

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Proprotein convertases (PCSKs) process matrix metalloproteases and cytokines, but their function in the vasculature is largely unknown. Previously, we demonstrated upregulation of PCSK6 in atherosclerotic plaques from symptomatic patients, localization to smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in the fibrous cap and positive correlations with inflammation, extracellular matrix remodeling and cytokines. Here, we hypothesize that PCSK6 could be involved in flow-mediated vascular remodeling and aim to evaluate its role in the physiology of this process using knockout mice. Pcsk6−/− and wild type mice were ra
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28

Shu, Xin, Jiaqi Wu, Tao Zhang, et al. "Statin-Induced Geranylgeranyl Pyrophosphate Depletion Promotes PCSK9–Dependent Adipose Insulin Resistance." Nutrients 14, no. 24 (2022): 5314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14245314.

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Statin treatment is accepted to prevent adverse cardiovascular events. However, statin therapy has been reported to be dose-dependently associated with increased risk for new-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is expressed in adipose tissue and is positively correlated with lipid metabolism. It is, however, unknown if PCSK9 participates in adipocyte insulin resistance occurring as a result of statin use. Our goal was to use an in vitro adipose tissue explant approach to support the hypothesis that PCSK9 regulates statin-induced new-onse
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Kurano, Makoto, Kazuhisa Tsukamoto, Shigeo Kamitsuji, et al. "Genome-wide association study of serum lipids confirms previously reported associations as well as new associations of common SNPs within PCSK7 gene with triglyceride." Journal of Human Genetics 61, no. 5 (2016): 427–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jhg.2015.170.

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30

Heald, Adrian H., Helene A. Fachim, Bilal Bashir, et al. "Impact of Bariatric Surgery on ABC Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 (PCSK9) Gene Expression and Inflammation in the Adipose Tissue of Obese Diabetic Rats." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 23 (2023): 16978. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms242316978.

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Bariatric surgery improves dyslipidaemia and reduces body weight, but it remains unclear how bariatric surgery modulates gene expression in fat cells to influence the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK-9) and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene expression. The expression of the PCSK9/LDLR/tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) gene in adipose tissue was measured in two groups of Zucker Diabetic Sprague Dawley (ZDSD) rats after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery or ‘SHAM’ operation. There was lower PCSK9 (p = 0.02) and higher LDLR gene expression (p = 0.02) in adipose
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31

Kajingulu, François-Pantaléon Musungayi, Aliocha Natuhoyila Nkodila, Jean-Robert Rissassy Makulo, et al. "Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin 9 level is independently associated with 10-year cardiovascular risk in blood donors in Kinshasa: A cross-sectional study based on Framingham predictive equation." Annales Africaines de Medecine 15, no. 3 (2022): e4643-e4654. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/aamed.v15i3.2.

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Context and objective: Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin Kexin type 9 (PCSK9) plays an important role in lipid homeostasis. The present study aimed to determine whether PCSK9 is a potential cardiovascular risk (CVR) factor among apparently healthy people.
 Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between August 2016 and July 2020 in the City of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Volunteer and regular blood donors from the Catholic medical network (Bureau Diocésain des OEuvres Médicales [BDOM]/Kinshasa) were enrolled in this study. Serum PCSK9 and lipid levels were measured b
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32

Shim, Ye Jee, Jung-Sook Ha, Young-Rok Do, and Heung Sik Kim. "Whole-Exome Sequencing in Korean Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia." Blood 126, no. 23 (2015): 4994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.4994.4994.

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Abstract Purpose: Next-generation sequencing methods recently have been applied for leukemia patients to discover genetic variants. In this study, we conducted whole-exome sequencing (WES) in Korean acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) children to identify putative genetic drivers of leukemia. Methods: Four Korean ALL children were included for WES. For two of them, we also conducted WES after remission, considered as germline control. The characteristics of subjects and the diagnostic information are described in Table 1. Genomic DNA was extracted from the subject¡¯s bone marrow aspirates at di
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Sachan, Vatsal, Maïlys LeDévéhat, Anna Roubtsova, et al. "Corrigendum to “PCSK7: A novel regulator of apolipoprotein B and a potential target against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease” [Metabolism Volume 150, January 2024, 155736, PMID: 7967646]." Metabolism 161 (December 2024): 156032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2024.156032.

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Singh, Lukac, Ljiljana Popovic, Iva Rasulic, et al. "Treatment of dyslipidemia: PCSK-9 in focus." Medicinska istrazivanja, no. 00 (2025): 4. https://doi.org/10.5937/medi0-55356.

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Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for one-third of the total global mortality. Dyslipidemia is one of the most common risk factors and plays a cardinal role in the development and progression of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Since statin therapy is often insufficient, or cardiovascular disease continues to develop despite achieving target lipid levels, current attention is focused on new therapeutic options with significantly greater efficacy. The reduction in LDL cholesterol levels with PCSK-9 inhibitors is about 60% when used as monotherapy
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Koltyugina, Valeria A., and Nataliya G. Lozhkina. "LIPID-LOWERING THERAPY: FROM ORIGINS TO THE PRESENT DAY." Bulletin of Medical Science 35, no. 3 (2024): 104–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31684/25418475-2024-3-104.

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The article deals with the treatment of dyslipidemia with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors as well as non-statin lipid lowering drugs. Several lipid-lowering drugs have emerged in recent decades: bile acid sequestrants, fibrates, nicotinic acid, ezetimibe, bempedoic acid, volanesoren, evinacumab, PCSK 9 inhibitors evolocumab and alirocumab, and inclisiran. Although statins remain the gold standard of treatment, PCSK9-targeted therapy will play an increasingly important role in the correction of dyslipidemia. The review utilized information on the topic from publications based on PubMed and Google
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Mok, C. C., K. L. Chan, L. Y. Ho, S. M. Tse, and C. H. To. "POS0115 SERUM PROPROTEIN CONVERTASE SUBTILISIN/KEXIN TYPE 9 (PCSK9) AND CARDIOVASCULAR RISK IN SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS: A LONGITUDINAL COHORT STUDY." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 81, Suppl 1 (2022): 282.1–283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.1441.

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ObjectivesTo study the effect of serum PCSK9 on major cardiovascular adverse events (MACEs) in Chinese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).MethodsConsecutive patients who fulfilled ≥4 1997 ACR criteria for SLE and consented for a biomarker study between 2009 and 2012 were included. Stored serum samples from these patients were assayed for the levels of PCSK9 using a commercial ELISA kit (OKBB00903, Lot# 1344, Aviva Systems Biology, San Diego, US). New MACEs (acute coronary syndrome, ischemic stroke, peripheral vascular disease) documented by imaging and angiographic studies over t
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Rosman, Ziv, Yasmin Maor, Iris Zohar, et al. "Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin Kexin 9 Inhibitor in Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock Patients in a Phase II Prospective Cohort Study—Preliminary Results." Infectious Disease Reports 16, no. 6 (2024): 1036–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/idr16060083.

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Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction syndrome caused by a dysregulated host response to infection that has a high mortality rate. Proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin 9 (PCSK9) is a serine protease secreted by the liver. Its binding to the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor enhances its degradation, causing an increase in LDL levels in the blood. Objectives: Administering a PCSK9 inhibitor leading to an increase in lipid uptake by the liver may positively affect septic patients due to the increased removal of endotoxins. Methods: This preliminary study aimed to examine the safe
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Birnbaum, Susanna K., Jennifer D. Cohen, Alexandra Belfi, et al. "The proprotein convertase BLI-4 promotes collagen secretion prior to assembly of the Caenorhabditis elegans cuticle." PLOS Genetics 19, no. 9 (2023): e1010944. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1010944.

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Some types of collagens, including transmembrane MACIT collagens and C. elegans cuticle collagens, are N-terminally cleaved at a dibasic site that resembles the consensus for furin or other proprotein convertases of the subtilisin/kexin (PCSK) family. Such cleavage may release transmembrane collagens from the plasma membrane and affect extracellular matrix assembly or structure. However, the functional consequences of such cleavage are unclear and evidence for the role of specific PCSKs is lacking. Here, we used endogenous collagen fusions to fluorescent proteins to visualize the secretion and
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Morash, Michael G., Angela B. MacDonald, Roger P. Croll, and Younes Anini. "Molecular cloning, ontogeny and tissue distribution of zebrafish (Danio rerio) prohormone convertases: pcsk1 and pcsk2." General and Comparative Endocrinology 162, no. 2 (2009): 179–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2009.03.013.

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Waseem, Tayab, William Coles Keeter, Alina Moriarty, et al. "B cell anergy: Atheroprotective, yet vulnerable to atherosclerotic conditions." Journal of Immunology 202, no. 1_Supplement (2019): 121.14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.202.supp.121.14.

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Abstract Anergy is the major mechanism for peripheral tolerance. Recent reports highlight the role of B cell anergy in lupus, type 1 diabetes, and arthritis, but little is known about the induction and maintenance of anergic B cells within atherosclerosis. ARS/A1 mice have B cells that respond with moderate affinity to Ars hapten, but also cross-react with low affinity to endogenous ssDNA resulting in an anergic B cell repertoire. To explore the role of B cell anergy in atherosclerosis, we examine ARS/A1 and BL/6 littermate controls that have been fed a western diet for 16 weeks and injected w
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Chrétien, Michel, and Majambu Mbikay. "60 YEARS OF POMC: From the prohormone theory to pro-opiomelanocortin and to proprotein convertases (PCSK1 to PCSK9)." Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 56, no. 4 (2016): T49—T62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/jme-15-0261.

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Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), is a polyprotein expressed in the pituitary and the brain where it is proteolytically processed into peptide hormones and neuropeptides with distinct biological activities. It is the prototype of multipotent prohormones. The prohormone theory was first suggested in 1967 when Chrétien and Li discovered γ-lipotropin and observed that (i) it was part of β-lipotropin (β-LPH), a larger polypeptide characterized 2 years earlier and (ii) its C-terminus was β-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (β-MSH). This discovery led them to propose that the lipotropins might be related bi
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Garçon, Damien, François Moreau, Audrey Ayer, et al. "Circulating Rather Than Intestinal PCSK9 (Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin Kexin Type 9) Regulates Postprandial Lipemia in Mice." Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 40, no. 9 (2020): 2084–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/atvbaha.120.314194.

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Objective: Increased postprandial lipemia (PPL) is an independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. PCSK9 (Proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9) is an endogenous inhibitor of the LDLR (low-density lipoprotein receptor) pathway. We previously showed that PCSK9 inhibition in mice reduces PPL. However, the relative contribution of intracellular intestinal PCSK9 or liver-derived circulating PCSK9 to this effect is still unclear. Approach and Results: To address this issue, we generated the first intestine-specific Pcsk9 -deficient (i- Pcsk9 −/− ) mouse model. PPL wa
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Di Minno, Alessandro, Roberta Clara Orsini, Mattia Chiesa, et al. "Treatment with PCSK9 Inhibitors in Patients with Familial Hypercholesterolemia Lowers Plasma Levels of Platelet-Activating Factor and Its Precursors: A Combined Metabolomic and Lipidomic Approach." Biomedicines 9, no. 8 (2021): 1073. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9081073.

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Introduction: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is characterized by extremely high levels of circulating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and is caused by mutations of genes involved in LDL-C metabolism, including LDL receptor (LDLR), apolipoprotein B (APOB), or proprotein convertase subtilisin/Kexin type 9 (PCSK9). Accordingly, PCSK9 inhibitors (PCSK9i) are effective in LDL-C reduction. However, no data are available on the pleiotropic effect of PCSK9i. To this end, we performed an untargeted metabolomics approach to gather a global view on changes in metabolic pathways in patient
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Mayne, Janice, Thilina Dewpura, Angela Raymond, et al. "Novel Loss-of-Function PCSK9 Variant Is Associated with Low Plasma LDL Cholesterol in a French-Canadian Family and with Impaired Processing and Secretion in Cell Culture." Clinical Chemistry 57, no. 10 (2011): 1415–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2011.165191.

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BACKGROUND PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9) is a polymorphic gene whose protein product regulates plasma LDL cholesterol (LDLC) concentrations by shuttling liver LDL receptors (LDLRs) for degradation. PCSK9 variants that cause a gain or loss of PCSK9 function are associated with hyper- or hypocholesterolemia, which increases or reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease, respectively. We studied the clinical and molecular characteristics of a novel PCSK9 loss-of-function sequence variant in a white French-Canadian family. METHODS In vivo plasma and ex vivo secreted PCSK9 c
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Suur, Bianca E., Melody Chemaly, Moritz Lindquist Liljeqvist, et al. "Therapeutic potential of the Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin family in vascular disease." Frontiers in Pharmacology 13 (September 15, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.988561.

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Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexins (PCSKs) constitute a family of nine related proteases: PCSK1-7, MBTPS1, and PCSK9. Apart from PCSK9, little is known about PCSKs in cardiovascular disease. Here, we aimed to investigate the expression landscape and druggability potential of the entire PCSK family for CVD. We applied an integrative approach, combining genetic, transcriptomic and proteomic data from three vascular biobanks comprising carotid atherosclerosis, thoracic and abdominal aneurysms, with patient clinical parameters and immunohistochemistry of vascular biopsies. Apart from PCSK4, a
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Suur, Bianca E., Melody Chemaly, Moritz Lindquist Liljeqvist, et al. "Abstract 419: Therapeutic Potential Of The Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin (PCSK) Family In Vascular Disease." Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 42, Suppl_1 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/atvb.42.suppl_1.419.

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Introduction: Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexins (PCSKs) constitute a family of 7 related proteases (PCSK1-7) and 2 distant ones (MBTPS1, PCSK9), with unexplored role in cardiovascular disease (CVD), apart from PCSK9 in lipid metabolism. Here, we aimed to investigate the expression landscape and therapeutic targeting potential of the entire PCSK family for ameliorating CVD. Methods: An integrative approach was applied with genetic, transcriptomic and proteomic data mining from public databases and three independent vascular biobanks comprising carotid atherosclerosis, thoracic and abdomin
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Suur, Bianca E., Moritz Lindquist Liljeqvist, Otto Bergman, et al. "Abstract 309: Expression Landscape of the Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Family in Vascular Disease." Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 39, Suppl_1 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1161/atvb.39.suppl_1.309.

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PCSKs constitute a family of 7 closely related proteases (PCSK1-7) and 2 distant members (MBTPS1, PCSK9). Their expression pattern and role in cardiovascular disease is unexplored, apart from PCSK9 that is critically involved in lipid metabolism. We applied an integrative approach with large-scale transcriptomic and proteomic data mining from three human vascular disease tissue biobanks comprising carotid plaques, abdominal and thoracic aneurysms. Results were followed by gene expression associations with patient clinical parameters, follow-up data and immunohistochemistry in tissues. We found
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Sachan, Vatsal, Delia Susan-Resiga, Kalista Lam, and Nabil G. Seidah. "The Biology and Clinical Implications of PCSK7." Endocrine Reviews, December 11, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1210/endrev/bnae031.

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Abstract Discovered in 1996, PCSK7 is the seventh of the nine-membered proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin (PCSK) family. This article reviews the various aspects of the multifaceted biology of PCSK7 and what makes it an exciting new target for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) affecting ∼30% of the population globally, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and likely cancer/metastasis. We will systematically review and discuss all the available epidemiological data, structural, cell biology, and in vivo evidence that eventually led to the discovery of P
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Eshraghian, Ahad, Elham Moasser, Negar Azarpira, et al. "Variations in TM6SF2, PCSK9 and PCSK7 genes and risk of hepatic steatosis after liver transplantation: a cross-sectional study." BMC Gastroenterology 21, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12876-021-02041-8.

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Abstract Background Genetic abnormalities might have important role in pathogenesis of hepatic steatosis after liver transplantation. We aimed to investigate association between genetic variations in transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2) rs58542926, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) rs505151 and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 7 (PCSK7) rs2277287 with hepatic steatosis in liver transplant recipients. Methods In a cross-sectional study, adult (> 18 years) liver transplant recipients who were referred for their routine post-transplant follow-up between
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QADDOUMI, MOHAMMAD, JEHAD ABUBAKER, IRINA AL-KHAIRI, et al. "1586-P: Association between PCSK7 Levels and NAFLD Severity in KADEM Study." Diabetes 73, Supplement_1 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/db24-1586-p.

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Introduction: The increased obesity rates worldwide are associated with increased rates of Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin type 7 (PCSK7) is an enzyme involved in lipid metabolism but its role in the development and progression of NAFLD remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the association between PCSK7 levels and NAFLD severity. Methods: A total of 255 participants were recruited in KADEM study and screened for NAFLD using liver FibroScan machine. Participants were divided into two groups based on controlled attenuation parameter (CA
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