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Journal articles on the topic 'PDD'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 April 2022

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1

KATO, Harubumi, and Susumu NAKASIMA. "Clinical and Basic Study of PDD/PDT." JOURNAL OF JAPAN SOCIETY FOR LASER SURGERY AND MEDICINE 20, no. 1 (1999): 75–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2530/jslsm1980.20.1_75.

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2

Hoffmann, Ricarda M., Silvia Crescioli, Silvia Mele, Eirini Sachouli, Anthony Cheung, Connie K. Chui, Paolo Andriollo, et al. "A Novel Antibody-Drug Conjugate (ADC) Delivering a DNA Mono-Alkylating Payload to Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan (CSPG4)-Expressing Melanoma." Cancers 12, no. 4 (April 22, 2020): 1029. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12041029.

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Despite emerging targeted and immunotherapy treatments, no monoclonal antibodies or antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) directly targeting tumor cells are currently approved for melanoma therapy. The tumor-associated antigen chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4), a neural crest glycoprotein over-expressed on 70% of melanomas, contributes to proliferative signaling pathways, but despite highly tumor-selective expression it has not yet been targeted using ADCs. We developed a novel ADC comprising an anti-CSPG4 antibody linked to a DNA minor groove-binding agent belonging to the novel pyrridinobenzodiazepine (PDD) class. Unlike conventional DNA-interactive pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) dimer payloads that cross-link DNA, PDD-based payloads are mono-alkylating agents but have similar efficacy and substantially enhanced tolerability profiles compared to PBD-based cross-linkers. We investigated the anti-tumor activity and safety of the anti-CSPG4-(PDD) ADC in vitro and in human melanoma xenografts. Anti-CSPG4-(PDD) inhibited CSPG4-expressing melanoma cell growth and colony formation and triggered apoptosis in vitro at low nanomolar to picomolar concentrations without off-target Fab-mediated or Fc-mediated toxicity. Anti-CSPG4-(PDD) restricted xenograft growth in vivo at 2 mg/kg doses. One 5 mg/kg injection triggered tumor regression in the absence of overt toxic effects or of acquired residual tumor cell resistance. This anti-CSPG4-(PDD) can deliver a highly cytotoxic DNA mono-alkylating payload to CSPG4-expressing tumors at doses tolerated in vivo.
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3

Robbroeckx, L. M. H. "PDD–NOS:." Kind en adolescent 17, no. 2 (June 1996): 102–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03060623.

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4

Fitzgerald, Michael. "PDD‐NOS." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 38, no. 3 (March 1999): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199903000-00003.

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5

Tanguay, Peter E., Julia Robertson, and Ann Derrick. "PDD-NOS." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 38, no. 3 (March 1999): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199903000-00004.

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6

van der Gaag, Rutger Jan. "PDD-NOS." Huisarts en Wetenschap 51, no. 13 (January 2008): 683–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03086997.

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7

Zappella, Michele. "Reversible PDD." Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 36, no. 6 (July 20, 2006): 831–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-006-0154-6.

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8

Cooper, Laura, Rodney K. Chan, Phillip Kemp Bohan, Anders H. Carlsson, and Tyler Everett. "642 The Use of Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging in Assessing Depth and Progression of Burn Wounds." Journal of Burn Care & Research 41, Supplement_1 (March 2020): S166—S167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/iraa024.262.

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Abstract Introduction The ability of laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) to provide real-time images of blood flow makes this modality appealing in the assessment of burn wounds, particularly for clinicians making treatment decisions based on burn wound depth and presumed progression. Here we present 2 preclinical studies that used LSCI to assess wound progress, both immediately and months after injury. Methods LSCI images were taken 10-40cm away from the wound and captured with a 1388x1038-pixel CCD camera. In the first study, LSCI images were captured prior to and immediately following creation of superficial partial-thickness (SPTB, 10s), deep partial-thickness (DPTB, 15s), and full-thickness burns (FTB, 20s), and on post-burn day (PBD) 1, 2, and 3. In the second study, LSCI images were obtained before and after DPTB creation and on PBD 7, 14, 21, 28, 60, 90, and 120. Results 92 wounds from 9 swine were included. Speckle data was normalized to control sites and converted to percentages ([speckle wound/speckle control] x 100), producing speckle percentage of control (SPOC) which quantifies the relative decrease or increase in speckle output (vascularity). SPOC was significantly decreased for all burn times on PBD 0, 1, and 2. By PBD 3, only DPTB and FTB remained diminished (p=0.028 and p=0.005, respectively), and FTB SPOC was significantly less than the SPTB (p=0.015). In the second study, SPOC showed an increase post-debridement on PBD 7, noted as post-debridement day (PDD) 0. SPOC continued to increase significantly to a peak at PDD 7 (p< 0.0001) and remained elevated until PDD 28. By PDD 60, SPOC was no longer significantly increased. Conclusions LSCI is a reliable method for analyzing burn depth and wound progression in the preclinical setting. LSCI data shows an immediate decrease in vascularity at all burn depths immediately following burn creation, followed by a peak in vascularity on PDD 7, with a trend back to normal by PDD 60. Applicability of Research to Practice The correlation of wound bed vascularity based on LSCI to known data on burn depth and progression suggests that LSCI could be a useful measurement tool in the clinical setting for the provider determining wound viability.
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9

Mercadante, Marcos T., Elizeu C. Macedo, Patrícia M. Baptista, Cristiane S. Paula, and José S. Schwartzman. "Saccadic movements using eye-tracking technology in individuals with autism spectrum disorders: pilot study." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 64, no. 3a (September 2006): 559–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2006000400003.

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OBJECTIVE: To verify differences in the visual scanning strategies between pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) and controls when they are observing social and non-social pictures. METHOD: PDD group (PDDG) comprised by 10 non-retarded subjects (age from 4 to 41) and age-matched control group (CG). Nine social pictures with human beings (including two pictures of cat mask), and 3 nonsocial pictures of objects were presented for 5 seconds. Saccadic movements and fixation were recorded with equipment EyeGaze® (LC Technologies Inc.). RESULTS: PDDG (mean=292.73, SE=67.62) presented longer duration of saccadic movements for social pictures compared to CG (mean=136.06, SE=14.01) (p=0.04). The CG showed a higher number of fixations in the picture 7 (a women using a cat mask, with the eyes erased) (CG: mean=3.40; PDDG: mean=1.80; p=0.007). CONCLUSION: The results suggest differences in strategies that PDD explore human picture. Moreover, these strategies seem not to be affected by the lack of expected part of the face (the eyes).
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10

Hovmöller, Sven, Linus Hovmöller Zou, Xiaodong Zou, and Benjamin Grushko. "Structures of pseudo-decagonal approximants in Al−Co−Ni." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 370, no. 1969 (June 28, 2012): 2949–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2011.0310.

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Quasi-crystals shocked the crystallographic world when they were reported in 1984. We now know that they are not a rare exception, and can be found in many alloy systems. One of the richer systems for quasi-crystals and their approximants is Al−Co−Ni. A large series of pseudo-decagonal (PD) approximants have been found. Only two of them, PD4 and PD8, have been solved by X-ray crystallography. We report here the structures of PD1, PD2, PD3 and PD5, solved from the limited information that is provided by electron diffraction patterns, unit cell dimensions and high-resolution electron microscopy images.
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11

Kulkarni, K., R. Arasappa, K. Prasad, A. Zutshi, P. Chand, P. Murthy, and M. Kesavan. "Comorbid depressive symptoms in persistent delusional disorder: A retrospective study from India." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.210.

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BackgroundPrevious studies have reported depressive symptoms in patients with persistent delusional disorder (PDD). Patients with PDD and depression may need antidepressants for treatment.AimThe aim of the study was to compare the sociodemographic profile, clinical presentation and treatment response in patients with PDD with and without comorbid depressive symptoms.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective chart review of patients diagnosed with PDD (ICD-10) from 2000 to 2014 (n = 455). We divided the patients into PDD + depression (n = 187) and PDD only (n = 268) for analysis.ResultsOf the 187 patients with PDD + D, only eighteen (3.9%) were diagnosed with syndromal depression. There were no significant differences in sociodemographic profile including sex, marital and socioeconomic status (all P > 0.05). PDD + D group had a significantly younger age at onset ([PDD + D: 30.6 9.2 years vs. PDD: 33.5 11.1 years]; t = 2.9, P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the clinical presentation including mode of onset, the main theme of their delusion and secondary delusions (all P > 0.3). However, comorbid substance dependence was significantly higher in patients with PDD only. (χ2 = 5.3, P = 0.02). In terms of treatment, response to antipsychotics was also comparable ([> 75% response: PDD + D = 77/142 vs. PDD = 106/179); χ2 = 1.9, P = 0.3). There was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of antidepressant treatment ([PDD + D = 32/187; 17% vs PDD: 17/268; 6%), χ2 = 12.9, P = 0.001).DiscussionPatients with PDD + D had significantly earlier onset of illness. These patients may require antidepressants for treatment.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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12

Ghaziuddin, Mohammad, Luke Tsai, and Norman Alessi. "ADHD and PDD." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 31, no. 3 (May 1992): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199205000-00035.

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13

Ozbayrak, Kaan R. "SERTRALINE IN PDD." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 36, no. 1 (January 1997): 7–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199701000-00011.

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14

Horrigan, Joseph P., L. Jarrett Barnhill, and Helen E. Courvoisie. "OLANZAPINE IN PDD." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 36, no. 9 (September 1997): 1166–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199709000-00007.

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15

Fisman, Sandra, Margaret Steele, and Bruce Pipher. "RISPERIDONE IN PDD." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 37, no. 1 (January 1998): 15–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199801000-00011.

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16

Liu, Guohua, Rensheng Chen, and Xiqiang Wang. "Spatial and Temporal Variability in Positive Degree-Day in Western China under Climate Change." Atmosphere 12, no. 4 (March 31, 2021): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12040443.

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Positive degree-day (PDD) indicates the accumulated positive temperature in a given time period; it directly relates to the melting of snow and ice, and it is a key parameter between global warming and cryosphere changes. In this study, we calculated the PDD based on the daily mean temperatures from 1960 to 2018 at meteorological stations, and we used measured and interpolated data to determine spatial and temporal distribution and changes in PDD in western China (WC). Results show that the mean annual, warm season, and cold season PDD values at 209 meteorological stations were 3652.2, 2832.9, and 819.3 °C, respectively. PDD spatial distribution in WC is similar to that of air temperature. In WC, PDD mainly ranged from 0 to 5000, 1000 to 4000, and 0 to 1000 °C year−1, respectively for annual, warm season, and cold season. From 1960 to 2018, the observed mean initial day of PDD moved forward by 8.3 days, and the final day was delayed by 8.2 days, with the duration expanding to 16.6 days; the trend in PDD reversed in the 1980s and the change rate in PDD for annual, warm season and cold season was 6.6, 3.8, and 2.7 °C year−1, respectively. Regionally, PDD increased in almost all areas; the high PDD advanced from south to north, east to west, desert to mountain, and low to high altitudes. The results also showed that the warming rate of PDD was lower in the cold season and in high-altitude areas, which was opposite to the observed temperature patterns, however, the non-linear relationship between PDD and mean temperature over a period of time is the main reason for this phenomenon. This study adds more details for the understanding of climate change in WC, and suggests that more attention should be paid to PDD in the study of cryosphere changes.
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17

Zulfa, Ilil Maidatuz, and Fitria Dewi Yunitasari. "Prescribed Daily Dose (PDD) Antibiotik Untuk Penyakit Gigi di Salah Satu Apotek di Surabaya." Journal of Pharmacy and Science 2, no. 2 (July 7, 2017): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.53342/pharmasci.v2i2.77.

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ABSTRAKAntibiotik sistemik banyak diresepkan oleh dokter gigi baik sebagai profilaksis maupun penanganan infeksi. Tingginya peresepan antibiotik pada infeksi gigi dan periodontal akan berpotensi pada peningkatan resistensi bakteri karena penggunaan yang berlebihan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menginvestigasi pola peresepan, Prescribed Daily Dose (PDD) dan rasio PDD/DDD yang ditetapkan WHO setiap antibiotik yang diresepkan untuk penyakit gigi. Studi cross-sectional retrospektif dilakukan pada rekam resep tahun 2016 di salah satu Apotek di Surabaya. Sebanyak 136 resep untuk penyakit gigi telah dianalisis dalam penelitian ini. Rata-rata usia pasien adalah 38,92+12,96 tahun. Antibiotik yang paling banyak diresepkan adalah Golongan –Laktam yaitu Amoksisilin (50,72%) dan Amoksisilin+Asam Klavulanat (3,62%) diikuti oleh golongan Linkosamid yaitu Klindamisin (28,99%) dan Linkomisin (5,80%), serta golongan Nitroimidazol yaituMetronidazol (5,07%). PDD Antibiotik yang diresepkan lebih rendah dibanding DDD yang ditetapkan WHO kecuali Amoksisilin (1509,2 mg/pasien/hari; rasio PDD/DDD 1,59), Amoksisilin+Asam Klavulanat (1368,42 mg/pasien/hari; rasio PDD/DDD 1,37), Eritromisin (1500,00 mg/pasien/hari; rasio PDD/DDD 1,50), dan Levofloksasin (500,00 mg/pasien/hari; rasio PDD/DDD 1,00). Terdapat perbedaan antara nilai PDD beberapa antibiotik dengan nilai DDD yang ditetapkan WHO dimana dalam penelitian ini nilai PDD lebih merefleksikan densitas penggunaan antibiotik.Kata kunci: Prescribed Daily Dose (PDD), Antibiotik, Infeksi gigi.ABSTRACTSistemic Antibiotics are prescribed by dentists not only for treatment of infection but also for profilactics. Most of dental and periodontal diseases are best treated by operative intervention and oral hygiene measures, so that the use of sistemic antibiotics are very limited. High rates of sistemic antibiotics prescribing in densitry can lead to bacterial resistance due to overuse of antibiotics. The aim of the study was to investigate the antibiotics prescribing patterns in densitry, Prescribed Daily Dose (PDD), and PDD/WHO’s Defined Daily Dose (DDD) ratio. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 2016 prescription records at a private pharmacy in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. A total 136 prescription records were analyzed. The average age of patients was 38,92+12,96 years old. The most common antibiotics prescribed in densitry was –Lactam group which were Amoxycillin (50,72%) and Amoxycillin+Clavulanic Acid (3,62%) followed by Linkosamide group w Clindamycin (28,99%) and Lincomycin (5,80%), and Nitroimidazol group which was Metronidazole (5,07%). The PDD of Antibiotics prescribed was lower than each WHO’s DDD except Amoxycillin (1509,2mg/patient/day; PDD/DDD ratio 1,59), Amoxycillin+Clavulanic Acid (1368,42 mg/patient/day; PDD/DDD ratio 1,37), Eritromisin (1500,00 mg/patient/day; PDD/DDD ratio 1,50), dan Levofloksasin (500,00 mg/patient/day; PDD/DDD ratio 1,00). There was a difference between PDD and WHO’s DDD. PDD was more likely reflect the density of antibiotic usage. Key Words: Prescribed Daily Dose (PDD), Antibiotics, Dental Infections
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Vondráčková, Martina, Viktor Tukač, Veronika Grymová, Pavlína Hájková, Zdeněk Knotek, and Gerry M. Dorrestein. "Detection of anti-avian bornavirus antibodies in parrots in the Czech Republic and Slovakia." Acta Veterinaria Brno 83, no. 3 (2014): 195–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb201483030195.

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Since the avian bornavirus (ABV) aetiology of the proventricular dilatation disease (PDD) was proven in 2008, ABV has been detected in many avian species. The aim of the present study was to detect ABV antibodies in parrots in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. A total of 142 birds were examined, including 37 birds with symptoms typical for PDD, 54 birds without PDD symptoms, and 51 parrots without any clinical symptoms of PDD but originating from one flock with a proven history of PDD. Sera from 142 birds were tested using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of antibodies against ABV nucleoprotein p40. Of 142 serum samples, 71 were positive (50%) and 71 negative (50%). In a group of birds with clinical symptoms of PDD, 77.1% showed to be ABV positive, whereas in the group of sick birds without suspicion of PDD the percentage of positive birds was 31.6%. In the birds that had a cage mate that was positive for ABV or died with PDD, 42.9% were ABV positive. Of the parrots without PDD symptoms but originating from the flock with a recent history of PDD, 62.8% of the birds were positive for antibodies against ABV nucleoprotein p40. The results suggest that PDD is common and there is a high percentage of asymptomatic carriers of ABV in the breeding facilities of parrots in the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
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19

Otto, Wolfgang, Maximilian Burger, Hans-Martin Fritsche, Andreas Blana, Wolfgang Roessler, Ruth Knuechel, Wolf F. Wieland, and Stefan Denzinger. "Photodynamic Diagnosis for Superficial Bladder Cancer: Do All Risk-Groups Profit Equally from Oncological and Economic Long-Term Results?" Clinical medicine. Oncology 3 (January 2009): CMO.S1012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/cmo.s1012.

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Objective Photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) of superficial bladder cancer decreases recurrence rates. We present oncological results of a randomized, prospective study, comparing transurethral resection (TUR) performed under conventional white light (WL) with PDD. The follow-up period is the longest reported to date. As costs might be reimbursed by prolonged recurrence-free survival in certain patients cost analysis in regard to risk-groups was performed. Material and methods Using chi-square test and log-rank test we compared recurrence rates of 103 patients after WL-TUR and of 88 patients after PDD-TUR. Cost analysis was performed according to risk-groups of recurrence. Results Mean follow-up was 99 months. Recurrence rate was 57% in WL vs. 28% in PDD (p < 0.001). Costs incurred by subsequent TUR averaged € 2310 per WL patient vs. € 713 per PDD patient. Savings per patient by PDD amounted to € 1597. PDD costs were reimbursed in low, intermediate and high risk patients, respectively. Conclusions PDD-TUR is significantly superior to conventional WL-TUR in terms of recurrence rate. While economic benefit is most prominent in intermediate risk patients, PDD related costs are reimbursed in all risk-groups.
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20

Smirnov, Denis S., Douglas Galasko, Steven D. Edland, J. Vincent Filoteo, Lawrence A. Hansen, and David P. Salmon. "Cognitive decline profiles differ in Parkinson disease dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies." Neurology 94, no. 20 (April 24, 2020): e2076-e2087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000009434.

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ObjectiveTo examine whether domain-specific patterns of cognitive impairment and trajectories of decline differed in patients with clinically diagnosed Parkinson disease dementia (PDD) (N = 29) and autopsy-confirmed dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) (N = 58) or Alzheimer disease (AD) (N = 174) and to determine the impact of pooling patients with PDD and DLB in clinical trials targeting cognition.MethodsPatients were matched on demographics and level of global cognitive impairment. Patterns of cross-sectional performance and longitudinal decline were examined in 4 cognitive domains: Visuospatial, Memory, Executive, and Language. Power analyses were performed to determine the numbers of participants needed to adequately power a hypothetical clinical trial to slow cognitive decline in pure PDD, pure DLB, or a mixed PDD/DLB group.ResultsBoth DLB and PDD were more impaired and declined more rapidly than AD in the Visuospatial domain. Patients with PDD exhibited the most impairment and fastest decline in Executive, although patients with DLB also declined faster than AD. Memory was more impaired in AD than DLB and in both compared with PDD; however, all 3 groups declined at comparable rates. In contrast, PDD declined at a slower rate on Language measures than DLB or AD. Power analyses suggest that Visuospatial and Executive outcome measures would be most sensitive in PDD, but Memory and Language in DLB.ConclusionDLB and PDD differ from each other, and from AD, in a cognitive domain-specific manner. As such, different outcome measures may be most sensitive to detecting changes in DLB vs PDD, suggesting that the 2 should be analyzed separately in clinical trials.
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Li, Jun, Tian-zhen Xu, Ning Zhang, Qi-xin Chen, and Fang-cai Li. "Predictors for second-stage posterior direct decompression after lateral lumbar interbody fusion: a review of five hundred fifty-seven patients in the past five years." International Orthopaedics 46, no. 5 (February 7, 2022): 1101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00264-022-05313-4.

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Abstract Purpose To analyze the predictors for second-stage posterior direct decompression (PDD) after lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) procedure. Methods We studied patients who underwent LLIF for degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis in the last five years, from July 2016 to June 2021. All surgical levels were grouped according to Schizas’ central canal stenosis (CCS) classification, Pathria’s facet joint degeneration (FJD) classification, Bartynski’s lateral recess stenosis (LRS) classification, and Lee’s foraminal stenosis (FS) classification. Second-stage PDD rates of each subgroup and their annual change were analyzed. Evaluation of risk factors associated with PDD was investigated. Results A total of 901 segments from 557 patients were included. The overall PDD rate was 29.97%. An overall PDD rate of 75.21% for grade D CCS, 29.74% for grade C CCS, 41.67% for grade 3 FJD, 37.61% for grade 3 LRS, and 40.70% for grade 3 FS was shown. While there was a continuous decline in annual PDD rate in the past four years, the annual PDD rate for grade D remained at very high levels. Logistic regression analysis had shown grade D CCS as the utmost risk factor for PDD (OR = 17.77). And grade 3 LRS (OR = 4.63), grade 3 FS (OR = 2.42), grade C CCS (OR = 2.41), and grade 3 FJD (OR = 2.04) were also moderately correlated with PDD, which meant they only moderately increased the risk of PDD. Conclusion Extreme severe lumbar CCS (grade D) is the greatest determinant to perform the second-stage PDD procedure after LLIF.
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Naya, Yoshio, Masakatsu Oishi, Takashi Ueda, Yasuyuki Naitoh, Hiroyuki Nakanishi, Fumiya Hongo, Terukazu Nakamura, Kazumi Kamoi, Koji Okihara, and Tsuneharu Miki. "Preliminary study of combined use of PDD and NBI for detection for flat urothelial lesion." Journal of Clinical Oncology 33, no. 7_suppl (March 1, 2015): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2015.33.7_suppl.340.

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340 Background: This prospective preliminary study is a first report to compare photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) with narrow band imaging (NBI) in the same patients with flat suspicious lesions of carcinoma in situ (CIS) of bladder. Methods: PDD was approved by the ethics committees of our institution for 10 patients with non muscle invasive bladder cancer. Between November 2012 and April 2013, 10 patients with abnormal cytology (class III or more) but undefined papillary mucosa underwent TURBT using PDD and NBI in same time. Each patient received 1.0g ALA hydrochloride (Cosmo Bio Co., Tokyo, Japan) dissolved in 50 mL water, and was given orally 3 hours before the TURBT. The bladder was mapped first under white light (WL), then under NBI, and subsequently under blue light (BL) in odd-numbered patients. The bladder was mapped first under WL, then under BL, and subsequently under NBI in even- numbered patients. Biopsies were carried out from all suspicious areas noting if NBI, PDD or both detected lesions. Random cold cup biopsies were performed from negative lesions of PDD and NBI. Results: The sensitivity and specificity of PDD for detection CIS were 1.00 and 0.714, and those of NBI were 0.75 and 0.814, respectively. There were no cancer and dysplasia in 43 lesions both PDD and NBI negative. Of 50 lesions with negative PDD, only 2 (4%) were dysplasia and there was no cancerous lesion. Of 60 lesions with negative NBI, 3 (5%) were cancer and 6 (10%) were dysplasia. The AUC for detection CIS in PDD, in NBI and in combined use of PDD and NBI were 0.869, 0.782 and 0.964, respectively. Conclusions: When both PDD and NBI were negative, the possibility of CIS might be very low. The usefulness of the combination of PDD with NBI was suggested in this study. [Table: see text]
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TSAI, VICTOR C., and XIAOZHOU RUAN. "A simple physics-based improvement to the positive degree day model." Journal of Glaciology 64, no. 246 (July 6, 2018): 661–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jog.2018.55.

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ABSTRACTMeltwater is important to understanding glacier health and dynamics. Since melt measurements are uncommon, ice ablation estimates are often based on models including the positive degree day (PDD) model. The PDD estimate is popular since it only requires air temperature as input, but suffers from the lack of physical motivation of an energy-balance model. We present a physics-based alternative to the PDD model that still only takes air/surface temperature as input. The model resembles the PDD model except accounting for time lags in ablation when cold ice needs to be warmed. The model is expressed as a differential equation with a single extra parameter related to the efficiency of heating a near-surface layer of ice. With zero thickness, the model reduces to the PDD model, providing a physical basis for the PDD model. Applying the model to data from Greenland, it improves modestly upon the PDD model, with the main improvement being better prediction of early season melting. This new model is a useful compromise, with some of the physics of more realistic models and the simplicity of a PDD model. The model should improve estimates of meltwater production and help constrain PDD parameters when empirical calibration is challenging.
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Berument, Sibel Kazak, Michael Rutter, Catherine Lord, Andrew Pickles, and Anthony Bailey. "Autism screening questionnaire: Diagnostic validity." British Journal of Psychiatry 175, no. 5 (November 1999): 444–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.175.5.444.

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BackgroundGood interview and diagnostic measures for autism and other pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs) are available but there is a lack of a good screening questionnaire.AimsTo develop and test a screening questionnaire based on items in the best available diagnostic interview – the Autism Diagnostic Interview – Revised (ADI–R)MethodA 40 -item scale, the Autism Screening Questionnaire (ASQ), was developed and tested on a sample of 160 individuals with PDD and 40 with non-PDD diagnoses.ResultsThe ASQ has good discriminative validity with respect to the separation of PDD from non-PDD diagnoses at all IQ levels, with a cut-off of 15 proving most effective. The differentiation between autism and other varieties of PDD was weaker.ConclusionsThe ASQ is an effective screening questionnaire for PDD.
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Palermo, Giovanni, Elisabetta Belli, Luca Tommasini, Riccardo Morganti, Daniela Frosini, Valentina Nicoletti, Gloria Tognoni, et al. "Dissecting the Interplay Between Time of Dementia and Cognitive Profiles in Lewy Body Dementias." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 84, no. 2 (November 9, 2021): 757–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-210006.

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Background: Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson’s disease dementia (PDD) are differentiated by the time of onset of cognitive and motor symptoms (‘1-year rule’). We explored the neuropsychological continuum of DLB and PDD subjects with different timing of dementia onset. Objective: Our aim was to compare the neuropsychological profile of DLB and PDD patients with different timing of dementia onset. Methods: Neuropsychological findings at the diagnosis of dementia of 66 PDD and 42 DLB patients were retrospectively compared. Patients with PDD were divided into three tertile subgroups according to the time interval between the onset of parkinsonism and dementia (N = 24, 2–4 years; N = 17, 5–7 years; N = 25 ≥8 years, respectively). Results: DLB patients performed worse on the Stroop and semantic fluency tests than PDD, even in comparison to PD with early dementia onset. No significant differences among PDD subgroups were reported. Conclusion: Executive and semantic language tests could differentiate DLB and PD patients with earlier development of dementia relative to parkinsonism.
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Heron, Campbell J. Le, Sarah L. Wright, Tracy R. Melzer, Daniel J. Myall, Michael R. MacAskill, Leslie Livingston, Ross J. Keenan, Richard Watts, John C. Dalrymple-Alford, and Tim J. Anderson. "Comparing Cerebral Perfusion in Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease Dementia: An ASL-MRI Study." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 34, no. 6 (March 12, 2014): 964–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.2014.40.

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Emerging evidence suggests that Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) share neurodegenerative mechanisms. We sought to directly compare cerebral perfusion in these two conditions using arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging (ASL-MRI). In total, 17 AD, 20 PDD, and 37 matched healthy controls completed ASL and structural MRI, and comprehensive neuropsychological testing. Alzheimer's disease and PDD perfusion was analyzed by whole-brain voxel-based analysis (to assess absolute blood flow), a priori specified region of interest analysis, and principal component analysis (to generate a network differentiating the two groups). Corrections were made for cerebral atrophy, age, sex, education, and MRI scanner software version. Analysis of absolute blood flow showed no significant differences between AD and PDD. Comparing each group with controls revealed an overlapping, posterior pattern of hypoperfusion, including posterior cingulate gyrus, precuneus, and occipital regions. The perfusion network that differentiated AD and PDD groups identified relative differences in medial temporal lobes (AD < PDD) and right frontal cortex (PDD < AD). In conclusion, the pattern of cerebral hypoperfusion is very similar in AD and PDD. This suggests closely linked mechanisms of neurodegeneration mediating the evolution of dementia in both conditions.
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Oktarina, Molly D., Hardiono D. Pusponegoro, and Zakiudin Munasir. "Measuring language development in pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) and non-PDD children." Paediatrica Indonesiana 49, no. 5 (October 31, 2009): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi49.5.2009.292-8.

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Background Impairments in language and related socialcommunication skills can be found in children with pervasivedevelopmental disorders (POD) and other developmentallanguage disorders (non-POD). These conditions lead to decisionof enrolling children with language disorders to speech therapydespite that it is not the therapy of choice for POD.Objectives To explore the differences in receptive language, verbal expressive language, and non-verbal expressive language between PDD and non-POD childrenMethods A cross sectional study was performed in October2008 to January 2009. Questionnaire using the MacArthurcommunicative development inventory (CDI) was filled byparents whose children were PDD and non-PDD patients aged 1to 3 years old. The diagnosis ofPDD was based on the diagnosticand statistical manual IV.Results A total of 42 PDD and 42 non-POD subjects wereevaluated. There was significant difference between PDD and nonPOD in receptive language [P= 0.01 (95% CI -170.63 to -24.33)in 12 to 24 month-old subjects and P< 0.01 (95% CI -158.28to -92.99) in > 24 to 36 month-old subjects] and non-verbalexpressive language [P= 0.01 (95% CI -20.96 to -1.96) in 12 to24 month-old subjects and P< 0.01 (95% CI -22.65 to -10.5) in> 24 to 36 month-old subjects]. Verbal expressive language wasnot significantly different between POD and non-POD childrenage 1 to 3 year-old.Conclusions PDD children are more likely to have a delay inreceptive language and non-verbal expressive language compare to non-POD children. Verbal expressive language can not be used to differentiate POD and non-POD children.
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WALKER, DARLENE R., ANN THOMPSON, LONNIE ZWAIGENBAUM, JEREMY GOLDBERG, SUSAN E. BRYSON, WILLIAM J. MAHONEY, CHRISTINA P. STRAWBRIDGE, and PETER SZATMARI. "Specifying PDD-NOS: A Comparison of PDD-NOS, Asperger Syndrome, and Autism." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 43, no. 2 (February 2004): 172–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200402000-00012.

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Li, Jiajie, Yuan Xu, Yuling Chen, Chunhua Ye, Jiaxian Huang, Liping Qian, Weiwei Xin, Ting Li, and Shuang Ye. "A multidisciplinary clinic approach to improve physician-related diagnostic delay for patients with axial spondyloarthritis: a retrospective study." Journal of International Medical Research 47, no. 6 (April 25, 2019): 2483–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060519844871.

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Objective To assess the diagnostic delay (DD) and physician-related DD (pDD) in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (SpA) and the potential benefits of a multidisciplinary clinic (MDC) approach. Methods A retrospective study was undertaken among patients with axial SpA, which aimed to analyse DD, pDD and their risk factors. The influence of pDD on disease outcomes was examined. The pDDs among consecutive SpA patients in an MDC cohort were compared with propensity score matched historical controls (1:1). Results A total of 208 patients with axial SpA formed the historical control group and 49 patients with axial SpA formed the MDC cohort after introduction of the MDC. The median DD and pDD in the historical controls were 25.5 and 10.0 months, respectively. A cut-off of pDD > 4 months was associated with more active disease and functional impairment. An initial visit to a non-rheumatologist was the most significant risk factor for pDD. Following MDC introduction, the median pDD decreased from 13 months to 1 month after adjustments were made for confounders such as sex, education level, history of smoking, human leukocyte antigen-B27 status and SpA/ankylosing spondylitis classification criteria. Conclusion The MDC was a promising approach that resulted in a reduced pDD among patients with axial SpA.
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Pang, Suisui, Jia Li, Yingyu Zhang, and Jiajun Chen. "Meta-Analysis of the Relationship between the APOE Gene and the Onset of Parkinson’s Disease Dementia." Parkinson's Disease 2018 (October 14, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9497147.

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Purpose. To clarify the relationship between certain genotypes or alleles of the APOE gene and the onset risk of Parkinson’s disease dementia (PDD). Methods. The PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, CBM, CNKI, and Wanfang databases were searched to identify all case-control studies and cohort studies published before October 30, 2017, that investigated the association between the APOE gene and the onset of PDD. Manual information retrieval was also performed. All studies that met the quality requirements were included in a meta-analysis performed using RevMan 5.3 software. Results. The meta-analysis included 17 studies, with a total of 820 patients in the PDD group and 1,922 in the non-PDD group. The influence of the APOE gene on PDD onset was analyzed from three aspects: five genotypes vs. ε3/3, ε2+/ε4+ vs. ε3/3, and ε4+ vs. ε4−. The risk factors for PDD may include the genotypes ε3/4 (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.14–1.89) and ε4/4 (OR 2.93, 95% CI 1.20–7.14). In patients with PDD, there was no significant difference in the distribution of ε2+ vs. ε3/3 (OR 1.35, 95% CI 0.97–1.87, P=0.07). The risk of PDD was 1.61 times greater in ε4+ compared with ε3/3 (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.24–2.08, P=0.0003). As the results indicated that ε2+ did not play a role as a risk factor or a protective factor, we divided the population into ε4+ and ε4− for the meta-analysis and found that, among patients with Parkinson’s disease, the dementia risk of those with ε4+ was 1.72 times greater than that of those with ε4− (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.41–2.10, P<0.00001). Subgroup analysis in accordance with different geographical regions revealed that ε4+ was a risk factor for PDD in people from all regions. Conclusions. Among the APOE genotypes, ε2+ is neither a risk factor nor a protective factor for PDD, while ε4+ is a risk factor for PDD. The present results are applicable to Asian, European, and American patients with Parkinson’s disease. Regarding the single APOE genotypes, ε3/4 and ε4/4 may be risk factors for PDD; however, further studies with large sample sizes are needed to verify this.
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Petrova, Mariya, Margarita Raycheva, and Latchezar Traykov. "Cognitive Profile of the Earliest Stage of Dementia in Parkinson’s Disease." American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease & Other Dementiasr 27, no. 8 (September 19, 2012): 614–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1533317512460562.

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Recently, a strong interest has emerged in recognizing Parkinson’s disease dementia (PDD) at a very early stage. However, the specific profile of the earliest stages of PDD is still unclear and a matter of considerable controversy. The objective of this study was to find out early neuropsychological markers for progression of dementia in this population. Fifty-eight patients with PDD were divided into 2 subgroups on the basis of the Mini-Mental State Examination: very mild and mild. The comparison with 26 normal controls shows that very mild PDD had deficits on attention/executive functions, naming, visuospatial/constructional abilities and retrieval of the episodic memory. Patients with mild PDD showed additional deficits on coding of episodic memory. Moreover, we found that in this early stage of PDD, the progression of dementia is mainly related to deterioration of attention/executive functions as well as retrieval and coding of episodic memory.
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Cipta, Dyah Ayu Sulistyaning, Era Dewi Kartika, and Anik Kurniawati. "ANALISIS BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA PENYINTAS PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER - NOT OTHERWISE SPECIFIED DALAM MATEMATIKA MONTESSORI." JIPMat 5, no. 2 (October 31, 2020): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.26877/jipmat.v5i2.6854.

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Kemampuan berpikir kritis perlu dimiliki oleh seluruh siswa, tidak terkecuali siswa penyintas Pervasive Developmental Disorder - Not Otherwisa Specified (PDD-NOS). Terlepas dari kondisi disabilitas mental yang ia sandang, ia tetap perlu belajar Matematika dengan baik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa PDD-NOS dalam pembelajaran Matematika dengan metode Montessori pada materi Pecahan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Pembelajaran Montessori diterapkan pada seluruh siswa dalam kelas, namun fokus peneliti adalah pada siswa PDD-NOS. Pembelajaran dilakukan secara daring, guru dan peneliti berada di sekolah, sementara siswa PDD-NOS di rumah bersama guru pendamping khusus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa PDD-NOS telah dapat berpikir kompeten, efektif, akurat dan jelas, tetapi masih kurang dalam memberikan ketepatan, kedalaman, dan wawasan terhadap masalah yang didapat. Metode Montessori dapat menguatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis dan mengkomunikasikan Matematika secara tepat kepada siswa penyintas PDD-NOS.
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Cheng, Kai-Lun, Li-Han Lin, Po-Cheng Chen, Pi-Ling Chiang, Yueh-Sheng Chen, Hsiu-Ling Chen, Meng-Hsiang Chen, et al. "Reduced Gray Matter Volume and Risk of Falls in Parkinson’s Disease with Dementia Patients: A Voxel-Based Morphometry Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 15 (July 26, 2020): 5374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155374.

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Purpose: Risk of falls is a common sequela affecting patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Although motor impairment and dementia are correlated with falls, associations of brain structure and cognition deficits with falls remain unclear. Material and Methods: Thirty-five PD patients with dementia (PDD), and 37 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects were recruited for this study. All participants received structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, and disease severity and cognitive evaluations. Additionally, patient fall history was recorded. Regional structural differences between PDD with and without fall groups were performed using voxel-based morphometry processing. Stepwise logistic regression analysis was used to predict the fall risk in PDD patients. Results: The results revealed that 48% of PDD patients experienced falls. Significantly lower gray matter volume (GMV) in the left calcarine and right inferior frontal gyrus in PDD patients with fall compared to PDD patients without fall were noted. The PDD patients with fall exhibited worse UPDRS-II scores compared to PDD patients without fall and were negatively correlated with lower GMV in the left calcarine (p/r = 0.004/−0.492). Furthermore, lower GMV in the left calcarine and right inferior frontal gyrus correlated with poor attention and executive functional test scores. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the left calcarine was the only variable (p = 0.004, 95% CI = 0.00–0.00) negatively associated with the fall event. Conclusions: PDD patients exhibiting impaired motor function, lower GMV in the left calcarine and right inferior frontal gyrus, and notable cognitive deficits may have increased risk of falls.
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Low, Audrey, Heidi Foo, Ting Ting Yong, Louis C. S. Tan, and Nagaendran Kandiah. "Hippocampal subfield atrophy of CA1 and subicular structures predict progression to dementia in idiopathic Parkinson’s disease." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 90, no. 6 (January 25, 2019): 681–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2018-319592.

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BackgroundGlobal hippocampal atrophy is a hallmark of Alzheimer’s dementia and has been similarly reported in Parkinson’s disease dementia (PDD). However, there is limited literature on the differential involvement of hippocampal subfields in predicting conversion to PDD. This study is an extension of previous findings on progression to mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease (PD).MethodsThis cohort study recruited 73 non-demented participants with idiopathic PD (age 65.80±8.17, 75.3% male) from an outpatient neurology clinic. All participants underwent clinical assessment, neuropsychological testing and 3T MRI scans at baseline and 18 months while on prescribed dopaminergic medication. Hippocampal subfield volumes were obtained using automatic segmentation in FreeSurfer V.6.0. Participants who progressed to PDD and those who did not were compared on hippocampal subfield atrophy and cognitive change (episodic memory, attention, executive functions, language, visuospatial abilities). Subfields were further examined for their abilities to predict PDD conversion and distinguish PDD from non-demented PD using receiver operating characteristic analysis.ResultsSmaller baseline global hippocampal volume, cornu ammonis (CA) subfield CA1, subiculum and presubiculum volumes were observed in participants who went on to develop dementia, and predicted PDD conversion. Those who progressed to PDD saw greater decline in global hippocampal volume, granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus, presubiculum, parasubiculum and fimbria. Decline in subiculum and fimbria volume corresponded to cognitive decline in attention and executive functions, respectively.ConclusionsEarly atrophy of CA1, subiculum and presubiculum preceded, and predicted, PDD conversion. Differential patterns of subfield atrophy were also observed among those who progressed to PDD and were associated with impaired executive functions.
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Miyake, Makito, Fumisato Maesaka, Nagaaki Marugami, Tatsuki Miyamoto, Yasushi Nakai, Sayuri Ohnishi, Daisuke Gotoh, et al. "A Potential Application of Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Combined with Photodynamic Diagnosis for the Detection of Bladder Carcinoma in Situ: Toward the Future ‘MRI-PDD Fusion TURBT’." Diagnostics 9, no. 3 (September 4, 2019): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics9030112.

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The detection of carcinoma in situ (CIS) is essential for the management of high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancers. Here, we focused on dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) combined with photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) for the detection of CIS. A total of 45 patients undergoing pre-surgical DCE-MRI and PDD-assisted endoscopic surgery accompanied by biopsies of the eight segmentations were analyzed. Immunohistochemical analysis of the biopsies revealed hypervascularity of CIS lesions, a cause of strong submucosal contrast-enhancement. It was found that 56 (16.2%) of 344 biopsies had pathologically proven CIS. In the DCE-MRI, the overall sensitivity and specificity for detecting CIS were 48.2% and 81.9%, respectively. We set out two different combinations of PDD and DCE-MRI for detecting CIS. Combination 1 was positive when either the PDD or DCE-MRI were test-positive. Combination 2 was positive only when both PDD and DCE-MRI were test-positive. The overall sensitivity of combinations 1 and 2 were 75.0% and 37.5%, respectively (McNemar test, vs PDD alone; p = 0.041 and p < 0.001, respectively). However, the specificity was 74.0% and 91.7%, respectively (vs PDD alone; both p < 0.001). Our future goal is to establish ‘MRI-PDD fusion transurethral resction of the bladder tumor (TURBT), which could be an effective therapeutic and diagnostic approach in the clinical management of high-risk disease.
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Kistler, Amy L., Jeanne M. Smith, Alexander L. Greninger, Joseph L. DeRisi, and Don Ganem. "Analysis of Naturally Occurring Avian Bornavirus Infection and Transmission during an Outbreak of Proventricular Dilatation Disease among Captive Psittacine Birds." Journal of Virology 84, no. 4 (December 2, 2009): 2176–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02191-09.

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ABSTRACT A proventricular dilatation disease (PDD) outbreak provided the opportunity to investigate the transmissibility of avian Bornavirus (ABV) and its linkage to PDD under natural conditions. Upon exposure to a bird with a fatal case of PDD, 10 birds became symptomatic and died. ABV2 RNA was recovered from available tissues. Further screening revealed that 12/46 exposed birds were ABV2+. Three chicks boarded at this aviary developed PDD. They harbored the same ABV2 isolate and transmitted it to five of eight chicks in their home aviary. These findings demonstrate that ABV infection precedes the development of PDD. ABV-specific Western blotting and reverse transcription-PCR indicate that ABV2 is not strictly neurotropic.
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Ali, Zafar, Nengroo, Hussain, Park, and Kim. "Online Remaining Useful Life Prediction for Lithium-Ion Batteries Using Partial Discharge Data Features." Energies 12, no. 22 (November 15, 2019): 4366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12224366.

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Online accurate estimation of remaining useful life (RUL) of lithium-ion batteries is a necessary feature of any smart battery management system (BMS). In this paper, a novel partial discharge data (PDD)-based support vector machine (SVM) model is proposed for RUL prediction. The proposed algorithm extracts the critical features from the voltage and temperature of PDD to train the SVM models. The classification and regression attributes of SVM are utilized to classify and predict accurate RUL. The different ranges of PDD were analyzed to find the optimal range for training the SVM model. The SVM model trained with optimal PDD features classifies the RUL into six different classes for gross estimation, and the support vector regression is used to estimate the accurate value of the last class. The classification and predictive performance of SVM model trained using the full discharge data and PDD are compared for publicly available data. Results show that the SVM classification and regression model trained with PDD features can accurately predict the RUL with low storage pressure on BMS. The PDD-based SVM model can be utilized for online RUL estimation in electric vehicles.
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Chandan, Saurabh, Babu P. Mohan, Shahab R. Khan, Lena L. Kassab, Suresh Ponnada, Andrew Ofosu, Ishfaq Bhat, Shailender Singh, and Douglas G. Adler. "Efficacy and safety of endoscopic ultrasound-guided pancreatic duct drainage (EUS-PDD): A systematic review and meta-analysis of 714 patients." Endoscopy International Open 08, no. 11 (October 22, 2020): E1664—E1672. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1236-3350.

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Abstract Background and study aims Endoscopic ultrasound guided pancreatic duct drainage (EUS-PDD) is a minimal-invasive therapeutic option to surgery and in patients with failed endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERP). The aim of this review was to quantitatively appraise the clinical outcomes of EUS-PDD by meta-analysis methods. Methods We searched multiple databases from inception through March 2020 to identify studies that reported on EUS-PDD. Pooled rates of technical success, successful drainage of pancreatic duct, clinical success, and adverse events were calculated. Study heterogeneity was assessed using I2% and 95 % prediction interval. Results A total of 22 studies (714 patients) were included. The pooled rate of technical success in EUS-PDD was 84.8 % (95 % CI 79.1–89.2). The pooled rate of successful PD drained by EUS-PDD was 77.5 % (95 % CI 63.1–87.4). The pooled rate of clinical success of EUS-PDD was 89.2 % (95 % CI 82.1–93.7). The pooled rate of all adverse events was 18.1 % (95 % CI 14.2–22.9). On sub-group analysis, the pooled technical success and clinical success of EUS-PDD from Japanese data were considerably superior (91.2 %, 83–95.6 & 92.5 %, 83.9–96.7, respectively). The pooled rate of post EUS-PDD acute pancreatitis was 6.6 % (95 % CI 4.5–9.4), bleeding was 4.1 % (95 % CI 2.7–6.2), perforation and/or pneumoperitoneum was 3.1 % (95 % CI 1.9–5), pancreatic leak and/or pancreatic fluid collection was 2.3 % (95 % CI 1.4–4), and infection was 2.8 % (95 % CI 1.7–4.6). Conclusion EUS-PDD demonstrates high technical success and clinical success rates with acceptable adverse events. Technical success was especially high for anastomotic strictures.
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Petrova, Mariya, Shima Mehrabian-Spasova, Dag Aarsland, Margarita Raycheva, and Latchezar Traykov. "Clinical and Neuropsychological Differences between Mild Parkinson's Disease Dementia and Dementia with Lewy Bodies." Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra 5, no. 2 (May 29, 2015): 212–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000375363.

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Background: The specific profile of dementia in Parkinson's disease (PDD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) in the earliest stages of dementia is still unclear and subject of considerable controversy. Methods: We investigated 27 PDD patients and 24 DLB patients with parkinsonism in the early stage of dementia, i.e. with a Mini-Mental State Examination score of ≥24. Results: Compared to PDD, patients with DLB demonstrated significantly lower scores when testing attention and executive functions [modified card sorting test (p < 0.001) and digit span backward (p < 0.02)], as well as when testing constructive abilities [copy of complex designs (p = 0.001) and pentagon (p < 0.001)]. Using logistic regression analysis, diagnosis was predicted from the cognitive profile, with an overall accuracy of 88.2%. In addition, PDD patients showed a significantly higher Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) motor subscore (p < 0.001) as well as higher UPDRS motor item scores [tremor at rest (p = 0.01) and bradykinesia (p = 0.001)]. Conclusions: The cognitive profile in PDD differs from that in DLB in the early stage of dementia, with worse performance on tests of attention and executive functions and constructive abilities in DLB compared to PDD patients. In contrast, motor symptoms are more severe in PDD than in DLB.
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McDonald, Bailey E., Samantha Spagna, and Charles Golden. "A-21 Neuropsychological Differentiation of Dementia with Lewy Bodies and Parkinson’s Disease Dementia." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 36, no. 6 (August 30, 2021): 1062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acab062.39.

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Abstract Objective To determine whether or not distinct neuropsychological profiles could be created to aid in earlier detection in Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) and Parkinson’s Disease Dementia (PDD). Data Selection A literature review was conducted informally to search for articles pertaining to neuropsychological testing with individuals with DLB or PDD that were dated within the past fifteen years. Data Synthesis Results indicated DLB typically has greater impairment in executive functioning, visuospatial, and attention in comparison to PDD. More specifically, individuals with DLB had significantly worse results on the Rey Complex Figure Test Copy Trial and Digit Span Forward than individuals with PDD. PDD was shown to typically have greater impairment in motor symptoms in comparison to DLB. These impairments, however, depend on the severity of disease progression. Conclusions In conclusion, DLB and PDD have very similar neuropsychological deficits, with greater deficits observed in executive functioning, visuospatial, and attention for individuals with DLB. Overall, majority of the literature is unsure of concrete diagnostic criteria for both individuals with DLB and PDD. This inconsistency has led the comparison of overall research to also been quite difficult as well. Future studies should try to control for medication and comorbidities, as well as include larger and more diverse samples with a full neuropsychological battery to include all domains of functioning. By doing this, the focus will shift more to on early detection and prevention of DLB and PDD and therefore reduce the financial burden of a neurocognitive disorder and the strain of caregiving that is usually placed within on the family.
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Rianna, Martha, Herty Afrina Sianturi, Hariyati Lubis, Awan Pelawi, Timbangen Sembiring, and Marhaposan Situmorang. "COMPARISON OF ENERGY DOSES 10 MV DISTRIBUTION USING PERCENTAGE DEPTH DOSE (PDD) METHOD ON LINAC: ELECTA AND SIEMENS." Jurnal Natural 18, no. 2 (June 9, 2018): 85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/jn.v18i2.11133.

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The patient dosing on Linac (Electa and Siemens) can be determined by Source Surface Distance (SSD) technique using Precentage Depth Doses (PDD) method. The study was conducted by measuring PDD to compare the dosage distribution calculations on Linac Electa and Siemens device of photon energy at 10 MV. PDD is done with a 100 cm SSD technique at a depth of 0 to 25 cm. The dose distribution results between the Electrical and the Siemens PDD are almost the same in that the Dmax at 10 MV Siemens photon energy occurs at a depth of 20 mm while the 10 MV Electa photon energy occurs at a depth of 21 mm. Both Linac Electa and Siemens device this at the same energy of 10 MV there is a difference of 95.23%.Keywords: Distrubusi dose, PDD, Photon Energy, Quality File Index
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Miyake, Makito, Nobutaka Nishimura, Yasushi Nakai, Tomomi Fujii, Takuya Owari, Shunta Hori, Yosuke Morizawa, et al. "Photodynamic Diagnosis-Assisted Transurethral Resection Using Oral 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Decreases the Risk of Repeated Recurrence in Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: A Cumulative Incidence Analysis by the Person-Time Method." Diagnostics 11, no. 2 (January 28, 2021): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11020185.

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Clinical evidence regarding risk reduction of repeated bladder recurrence after initial photodynamic diagnosis (PDD)-assisted transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) is still limited in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). We analyzed patients with primary NMIBC undergoing TURBT without any adjuvant treatment to compare the risk of cumulative recurrence between the conventional white-light (WL)-TURBT and PDD-TURBT. Out of 430 patients diagnosed with primary NMIBC from 2010 to 2019, 40 undergoing WL-TURBT and 60 undergoing PDD-TURBT were eligible. Multivariate Cox regression analysis for time to the first recurrence demonstrated that PDD assistance was an independent prognostic factor with better outcome (p = 0.038, hazard ratio = 0.39, and 95% confidence interval 0.16–0.95). While no patient experienced more than one recurrence within 1000 postoperative days in the PDD-TURBT group, five out of 40 patients treated by WL-TURBT experienced repeated recurrence. The comparison of cumulative incidence per 10,000 person-days between the two groups revealed that PDD assistance decreased by 6.6 recurrences per 10,000 person-days (exact p = 0.011; incidence rate ratio 0.37, Clopper–Pearson confidence interval 0.15–0.82). This is the first study addressing PDD assistance-induced risk reduction of repeated bladder recurrence using the person-time method. Our findings could support clinical decision making, especially on adjuvant therapy after TURBT.
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43

Myhr, Gail. "Autism and other Pervasive Developmental Disorders: Exploring the Dimensional View." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 43, no. 6 (August 1998): 589–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379804300607.

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Objective: To examine empirical data on children with autistic disorder (AD), Asperger's disorder, and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) for continuities or distinguishing features between disorders and to see to what extent the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) diagnostic criteria reflect observed data. Method: Studies were identified in 4 ways. 1) A Medline search from 1976 to the present of articles with the key words autism, pervasive developmental disorder, autistic spectrum disorder, and Asperger; of these articles, those with mesh headings or textwords “cluster,” which identified cluster analyses deriving pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) subtypes, were retained. 2) The Journal of Autistic and Developmental Disorders from 1990 to the present was hand-searched to identify other empirically derived studies on diagnosis, prevalence, classification, and validity of PDD subtypes. 3) Key review articles were searched for their references. 4) The references of all identified articles were searched. Results: Eight cluster studies were retained for their relevance to diagnostic issues, as were 7 empirically derived studies delineating clinical characteristics of children with AD, Asperger's syndrome, or PDD-NOS. Data suggest that children with PDD may fit into 1 of 2 overlapping groups, including a lower-functioning group with greater developmental compromise, social aloofness, and a greater number of autistic symptoms and a higher-functioning group with higher IQ, fewer autistic symptoms, and more prosocial behaviour. The PDD subtypes resemble each other and can be seen as existing on a continuum, differing only by degree of impairment. Conclusion: Children exhibiting the triad of autistic impairments can be seen as suffering from disorders on a PDD continuum. While the DSM-IV does identify a lower-functioning autistic group (AD), the higher-functioning group is less well served. Asperger's disorder as defined in the DSM-IV is not clearly distinguishable from AD and PDD-NOS, and the PDD-NOS subcategory is not operationalized. Further research is required to elaborate criteria for the higher-functioning PDD group, and measures related to etiology, outcome, and treatment response may help determine which diagnostic criteria can meaningfully separate one disorder from another.
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44

Turcano, Pierpaolo, Cole D. Stang, James H. Bower, J. Eric Ahlskog, Bradley F. Boeve, Michelle M. Mielke, and Rodolfo Savica. "Levodopa-induced dyskinesia in dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson disease with dementia." Neurology: Clinical Practice 10, no. 2 (August 20, 2019): 156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/cpj.0000000000000703.

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ObjectiveTo investigate the frequency of levodopa-induced dyskinesia in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLBs) and Parkinson disease with dementia (PDD) and compare these frequencies with patients with incident Parkinson disease (PD) through a population-based cohort study.MethodsWe identified all patients with DLB, PDD, and PD without dementia in a 1991–2010 population-based parkinsonism-incident cohort, in Olmsted County, Minnesota. We abstracted information about levodopa-induced dyskinesia. We compared patients with DLB and PDD with dyskinesia with patients with PD from the same cohort.ResultsLevodopa use and dyskinesia data were available for 141/143 (98.6%) patients with a diagnosis of either DLB or PDD; 87 (61.7%), treated with levodopa. Dyskinesia was documented in 12.6% (8 DLB and 3 PDD) of levodopa-treated patients. Among these patients, median parkinsonism diagnosis age was 74 years (range: 64–80 years); 63.6%, male. The median interval from levodopa initiation to dyskinesia onset was 2 years (range: 3 months–4 years); the median daily levodopa dosage was 600 mg (range: 50–1,600 mg). Dyskinesia severity led to levodopa adjustments in 5 patients, and all improved. Patients with dyskinesia were diagnosed with parkinsonism at a significantly younger age compared with patients without dyskinesia (p < 0.001). Levodopa dosage was unrelated to increased risk of dyskinesias among DLB and PDD. In contrast, 30.1% of levodopa-treated patients with PD developed dyskinesia. In age-, sex-, and levodopa dosage–adjusted models, Patients with DLB and PDD each had lower odds of developing dyskinesia than patients with PD (odds ratio = 0.42, 95% CI 0.21–0.88; p = 0.02).ConclusionsThe dyskinesia risk for levodopa-treated patients with DLB or PDD was substantially less than for levodopa-treated patients with PD.
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45

Joung, Rachel H., Ruojia D. Li, Jeanette W. Chung, David J. Bentrem, Anthony D. Yang, Karl Y. Bilimoria, and Ryan P. Merkow. "Evaluation of post-discharge deterioration following major gastrointestinal cancer surgery." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2022): 667. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.4_suppl.667.

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667 Background: Clinical deterioration, defined as end-organ dysfunction following surgery, is a devastating, yet potentially preventable set of complications, usually occurring after an inciting event. The extent to which deterioration occurs post-discharge after major gastrointestinal cancer surgeries is unknown. Our objectives were to (1) evaluate the incidence of post-discharge deterioration (PDD), (2) characterize the events surrounding PDD, and (3) identify factors associated with PDD. Methods: Patients who underwent gastrointestinal resection for cancer were identified from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Participant Use Data File (2016-2019). Clinical deterioration was measured as a composite event consisting of respiratory failure, acute renal failure, cardiac arrest, or septic shock. Factors associated with PDD were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression. Results: Of 121,458 patients, 3,947 (3.3%) experienced clinical deterioration, with 19.1% occurring post-discharge. The median time to PDD from discharge was 8 days (IQR 4-13 days). Among patients who developed PDD, 58.9% had a previously diagnosed post-discharge complication, most commonly surgical site infection (38.2%), pneumonia (9.9%), and venous thromboembolism (5.4%). PDD was associated with older age, male sex, medical comorbidities, dependent functional status, longer operative time, transfusion, and discharge to a facility (all p < 0.05). Patients who underwent esophagectomy (OR 2.08 [95%CI, 1.39-3.10]) or pancreatectomy (OR 1.36 [95%CI, 1.07-1.74]) had significantly higher odds of developing PDD compared to patients who underwent colectomy. Conclusions: Post-discharge deterioration after major cancer surgeries commonly occurred after other potentially treatable post-discharge complications. Efforts should focus on improving post-discharge monitoring and timely and effective management of post-discharge complications to arrest their progression to post-discharge deterioration and mortality.
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46

Chaudhari, Dhananjay, Vivek Agarwal, and Prabhat Sitholey. "A clinical study of phenomenology in subjects with pervasive developmental disorders." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 6, no. 11 (October 25, 2018): 3629. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20184198.

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Background: Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD) are group of developmental disorder with impairments in interaction, communication and behaviour. The study aims to explore the phenomenological aspects of subjects with PDD.Methods: Patients in Psychiatry outpatient department (OPD), presented with impairment in social- interaction, language, communication and mental retardation were assessed for features of PDD by applying Developmental Behaviour Check List (DBCL), ICD-10 Diagnostic Criteria for Research and Multi-Axial version of ICD-10. The subjects were assessed for severity of PDD on Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS).Results: Total number of screened positive cases were 20, in which males were over-represented (90%). Majority belonged to urban locality (65%) and nuclear family (75%). Cases of childhood autism were found in all age groups, while childhood disintegrative disorder, Rett’s disorder and atypical autism were found in younger subjects. No family history of PDD was found in 1st degree relatives of PDD subjects. Five subjects (25%) had birth and perinatal complication.Conclusions: The mean age at presentation of the children with PDD was 8.12 years. Eighty percent (80%) of the subjects had severe autism on CARS. Hyperactivity, inattention and impulsivity were present in 90%, 80% and 45% of subjects respectively.
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47

WOODS, STEVEN PAUL, and ALEXANDER I. TRÖSTER. "Prodromal frontal/executive dysfunction predicts incident dementia in Parkinson's disease." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 9, no. 1 (January 2003): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617703910022.

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To identify the cognitive characteristics predictive of incident dementia in Parkinson's disease (PD), we examined the baseline neuropsychological profiles of 18 initially non-demented patients with PD who met diagnostic criteria for dementia (PDD) at one-year follow-up. PDD participants' baseline neuropsychological test scores were compared to the baseline performance of 18 patients with PD who did not meet criteria for dementia at one-year follow-up (PDND) and 18 normal controls (NC). The three groups were matched on baseline demographic and disease variables. Relative to the PDND group, the incident PDD participants demonstrated significantly poorer performance on digits backward (Wechsler Memory Scale–Revised), word list learning and recognition (California Verbal Learning Test), and perseverative errors on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Each of these baseline neuropsychological variables exhibited adequate diagnostic classification accuracy in predicting PDD and PDND group membership at follow-up. These results suggest that subtle frontal/executive dysfunction is evident during the immediate PDD prodrome and may be of prognostic value in identifying PD patients at risk for dementia. Accordingly, neuropsychological evaluation may facilitate early identification of PDD and thereby inform appropriate dispositional planning. (JINS, 2003, 9, 17–24.)
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48

Giovannetti, Tania, Priscilla Britnell, Laura Brennan, Andrew Siderowf, Murray Grossman, David J. Libon, Brianne M. Bettcher, Francesca Rouzard, Joel Eppig, and Gregory A. Seidel. "Everyday Action Impairment in Parkinson's Disease Dementia." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 18, no. 5 (May 24, 2012): 787–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135561771200046x.

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AbstractThis study examined everyday action impairment in participants with Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) by comparison with participants with Parkinson's disease-no dementia (PD) or Alzheimer's disease (AD) and in reference to a neuropsychological model. Participants with PDD (n = 20), PD (n = 20), or AD (n = 20) were administered performance-based measures of everyday functioning that allowed for the quantification of overall performance and error types. Also, caregiver ratings of functional independence were obtained. On performance-based tests, the PDD group exhibited greater functional impairment than the PD group but comparable overall impairment relative to the AD group. Error patterns did not differ between PDD and PD participants but the PDD group demonstrated a higher proportion of commission errors and lower proportion of omission errors relative to the AD group. Hierarchical regression analyses showed omission errors were significantly predicted by neuropsychological measures of episodic memory, whereas commission errors were predicted by both measures of general dementia severity (MMSE) and executive control. Everyday action impairment in PDD differs quantitatively from PD but qualitatively from AD and may be characterized by a relatively high proportion of commission errors—an error type associated with executive control deficits. (JINS, 2012, 18, 1–12)
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49

Camicioli, Richard, and Serge Gauthier. "Clinical Trials in Parkinson's Disease Dementia and Dementia with Lewy Bodies." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 34, S1 (March 2007): S109—S117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100005679.

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Parkinson's disease with dementia (PDD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) are pathological overlapping and important causes of dementia for which clinical trials are in their infancy. Cholinesterase inhibitors may be of benefit in DLB and PDD, as suggested by placebo-controlled clinical trials of rivastigmine and donepezil. The anti-psychotic agent clozapine has been of benefit in PD and PDD, but other agents, such as quetiapine, require adequate assessment. Barriers to trials include pathological overlap that can lead to inaccuracies in clinical diagnosis, unavailability of a consensus definition for PDD, unanswered questions regarding natural history and the paucity of validated outcome measures. Motor impairment must be considered in patients with PDD and DLB; conversely, cognitive impairment should be assessed in trials targeting motor impairment in advanced PD. Potential targets for treatment include onset of dementia, cognitive impairment, behavioral impairment, functional decline, falls, nursing home placement, mortality, quality of life and economic impact. Biomarkers including neuroimaging and cerebrospinal fluid markers are not currently established. At present PDD and DLB are distinct entities by definition. Future studies, including clinical trials and biomarker studies, will help to further define the clinical and therapeutic implications of this distinction.
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50

Swinney, David C., and Jonathan A. Lee. "Recent advances in phenotypic drug discovery." F1000Research 9 (August 7, 2020): 944. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.25813.1.

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There is a great need for innovative new medicines to treat unmet medical needs. The discovery and development of innovative new medicines is extremely difficult, costly, and inefficient. In the last decade, phenotypic drug discovery (PDD) was reintroduced as a strategy to provide first-in-class medicines. PDD uses empirical, target-agnostic lead generation to identify pharmacologically active molecules and novel therapeutics which work through unprecedented drug mechanisms. The economic and scientific value of PDD is exemplified through game-changing medicines for hepatitis C virus, spinal muscular atrophy, and cystic fibrosis. In this short review, recent advances are noted for the implementation and de-risking of PDD (for compound library selection, biomarker development, mechanism identification, and safety studies) and the potential for artificial intelligence. A significant barrier in the decision to implement PDD is balancing the potential impact of a novel mechanism of drug action with an under-defined scientific path forward, with the desire to provide infrastructure and metrics to optimize return on investment, which a known mechanism provides. A means to address this knowledge gap in the future is to empower precompetitive research utilizing the empirical concepts of PDD to identify new mechanisms and pharmacologically active compounds.
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