Journal articles: 'PDMS microfluidics'

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You, Jae Bem, Byungjin Lee, Yunho Choi, Chang-Soo Lee, Matthias Peter, Sung Gap Im, and Sung Sik Lee. "Nanoadhesive layer to prevent protein absorption in a poly(dimethylsiloxane) microfluidic device." BioTechniques 69, no. 1 (July 2020): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2144/btn-2020-0025.

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Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) is widely used as a microfluidics platform material; however, it absorbs various molecules, perturbing specific chemical concentrations in microfluidic channels. We present a simple solution to prevent adsorption into a PDMS microfluidic device. We used a vapor-phase-deposited nanoadhesive layer to seal PDMS microfluidic channels. Absorption of fluorescent molecules into PDMS was efficiently prevented in the nanolayer-treated PDMS device. Importantly, when cultured in a nanolayer-treated PDMS device, yeast cells exhibited the expected concentration-dependent response to a mating pheromone, including mating-specific morphological and gene expression changes, while yeast cultured in an untreated PDMS device did not properly respond to the pheromone. Our method greatly expands microfluidic applications that require precise control of molecule concentrations.

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Hashemzadeh, Hadi, Abdollah Allahverdi, Mosslim Sedghi, Zahra Vaezi, Tahereh Tohidi Moghadam, Mario Rothbauer, Michael Bernhard Fischer, Peter Ertl, and Hossein Naderi-Manesh. "PDMS Nano-Modified Scaffolds for Improvement of Stem Cells Proliferation and Differentiation in Microfluidic Platform." Nanomaterials 10, no. 4 (April 2, 2020): 668. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10040668.

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Microfluidics cell-based assays require strong cell-substrate adhesion for cell viability, proliferation, and differentiation. The intrinsic properties of PDMS, a commonly used polymer in microfluidics systems, regarding cell-substrate interactions have limited its application for microfluidics cell-based assays. Various attempts by previous researchers, such as chemical modification, plasma-treatment, and protein-coating of PDMS revealed some improvements. These strategies are often reversible, time-consuming, short-lived with either cell aggregates formation, not cost-effective as well as not user- and eco-friendly too. To address these challenges, cell-surface interaction has been tuned by the modification of PDMS doped with different biocompatible nanomaterials. Gold nanowires (AuNWs), superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), graphene oxide sheets (GO), and graphene quantum dot (GQD) have already been coupled to PDMS as an alternative biomaterial enabling easy and straightforward integration during microfluidic fabrication. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by corresponding methods. Physical cues of the nanostructured substrates such as Young’s modulus, surface roughness, and nanotopology have been carried out using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Initial biocompatibility assessment of the nanocomposites using human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) showed comparable cell viabilities among all nanostructured PDMS composites. Finally, osteogenic stem cell differentiation demonstrated an improved differentiation rate inside microfluidic devices. The results revealed that the presence of nanomaterials affected a 5- to 10-fold increase in surface roughness. In addition, the results showed enhancement of cell proliferation from 30% (pristine PDMS) to 85% (nano-modified scaffolds containing AuNWs and SPIONs), calcification from 60% (pristine PDMS) to 95% (PDMS/AuNWs), and cell surface marker expression from 40% in PDMS to 77% in SPION- and AuNWs-PDMS scaffolds at 14 day. Our results suggest that nanostructured composites have a very high potential for stem cell studies and future therapies.

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Chen, Pin-Chuan, Chung-Ying Lee, and Lynh Duong. "Microfabrication of Nonplanar Polymeric Microfluidics." Micromachines 9, no. 10 (September 25, 2018): 491. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi9100491.

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For four decades, microfluidics technology has been used in exciting, state-of-the-art applications. This paper reports on a novel fabrication approach in which micromachining is used to create nonplanar, three-dimensional microfluidic chips for experiments. Several parameters of micromachining were examined to enhance the smoothness and definition of surface contours in the nonplanar poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) mold inserts. A nonplanar PMMA/PMMA chip and a nonplanar polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/PMMA chip were fabricated to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach. In the first case, a S-shape microchannel was fabricated on the nonplanar PMMA substrate and sealed with another nonplanar PMMA via solvent bonding. In the second case, a PDMS membrane was casted from two nonplanar PMMA substrates and bonded on hemispherical PMMA substrate via solvent bonding for use as a microlens array (MLAs). These examples demonstrate the effectiveness of micromachining in the fabrication of nonplanar microfluidic chips directly on a polymeric substrate, as well as in the manufacture of nonplanar mold inserts for use in creating PDMS/PMMA microfluidic chips. This technique facilitates the creation of nonplanar microfluidic chips for applications requiring a three-dimensional space for in vitro characterization.

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Chen, Pin Chuan, and Zhi Ping Wang. "A Rapid and Low Cost Manufacturing for Polymeric Microfluidic Devices." Advanced Materials Research 579 (October 2012): 348–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.579.348.

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A rapid manufacturing process was demonstrated to fabricate a microfluidic device to amplify specific DNA fragments in less than 8 hours. Microfluidics was derived from microelectromechanical system (MEMS) with lithography technique on the substrates of silicon and glass, which made the microfluidic product have a higher fabrication cost and laborious fabrication steps. This rapid approach only requires three steps for a PDMS microfluidic device: metal mold insert manufacturing, PDMS casting, and glass bonding. Each step did not require complicated equipments or procedures, and make this approach very attractive in rapid prototyping and experimental optimization with microfluidic devices. In this work, a brass mold insert was manufactured by a micromilling machine, followed by the standard PDMS casting and glass bonding to fabricate a microfluidic device. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify specific DNA fragments, a typical microfluidic example, was successfully realized on this PDMS microfluidic device. This rapid and low cost (compared to conventional lithography) fabrication approach can provide researchers a lower entry to polymeric lab-on-a-chip either on PDMS or thermoplastic substrate for various applications.

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Lunelli, Lorenzo, Federica Barbaresco, Giorgio Scordo, Cristina Potrich, Lia Vanzetti, Simone Luigi Marasso, Matteo Cocuzza, Candido Fabrizio Pirri, and Cecilia Pederzolli. "PDMS-Based Microdevices for the Capture of MicroRNA Biomarkers." Applied Sciences 10, no. 11 (June 2, 2020): 3867. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10113867.

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The isolation and analysis of circulating biomarkers, the main concern of liquid biopsy, could greatly benefit from microfluidics. Microfluidics has indeed the huge potentiality to bring liquid biopsy into the clinical practice. Here, two polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based microdevices are presented as valid tools for capturing microRNAs biomarkers from clinically-relevant samples. After an extensive study of functionalized polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) properties in adsorbing/eluting microRNAs, the best conditions were transferred to the microdevices, which were thoroughly characterized. The channels morphology and chemical composition were measured, and parameters for the automation of measures were setup. The best working conditions were then used with microdevices, which were proven to capture microRNAs on all channel surfaces. Finally, microfluidic devices were successfully validated via real-time PCR for the detection of a pool of microRNAs related to non-small cell lung cancer, selected as proof-of-principle. The microfluidic approach described here will allow a step forward towards the realization of an efficient microdevice, possibly automated and integrated into a microfluidic lab-on-a-chip with high analytical potentialities.

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Baczyński, Szymon, Piotr Sobotka, Kasper Marchlewicz, Artur Dybko, and Katarzyna Rutkowska. "Low-cost, widespread and reproducible mold fabrication technique for PDMS-based microfluidic photonic systems." Photonics Letters of Poland 12, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v12i1.981.

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In this letter the possibility of low-cost fabrication of molds for PDMS-based photonic microstructures is considered. For this purpose, three different commercially available techniques, namely UV-curing of the capillary film, 3D SLA printing and micromilling, have been analyzed. Obtained results have been compared in terms of prototyping time, quality, repeatability, and re-use of the mold for PDMS-based microstructures fabrication. Prospective use for photonic systems, especially optofluidic ones infiltrated with liquid crystalline materials, have been commented. Full Text: PDF References:K. Sangamesh, C.T. Laurencin, M. Deng, Natural and Synthetic Biomedical Polymers (Elsevier, Amsterdam 2004). [DirectLink]A. Mata et. al, "Characterization of Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Properties for Biomedical Micro/Nanosystems", Biomed. Microdev. 7(4), 281 (2005). [CrossRef]I. Rodríguez-Ruiz et al., "Photonic Lab-on-a-Chip: Integration of Optical Spectroscopy in Microfluidic Systems", Anal. Chem. 88(13), 6630 (2016). [CrossRef]SYLGARD™ 184 Silicone Elastomer, Technical Data Sheet [DirectLink]N.E. Stankova et al., "Optical properties of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) during nanosecond laser processing", Appl. Surface Science 374, 96 (2016) [CrossRef]J.C. McDonald et al., "Fabrication of microfluidic systems in poly(dimethylsiloxane)", Electrophoresis 21(1), 27 (2000). [CrossRef]T. Fujii, "PDMS-based microfluidic devices for biomedical applications", Microelectronic Eng. 61, 907 (2002). [CrossRef]F. Schneider et al., "Process and material properties of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) for Optical MEMS", Sensors Actuat. A: Physical 151(2), 95 (2009). [CrossRef]T.K. Shih et al., "Fabrication of PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) microlens and diffuser using replica molding", Microelectronic Eng. 83(11-12), 2499 (2006). [CrossRef]K. Rutkowska et al. "Electrical tuning of the LC:PDMS channels", PLP, 9, 48-50 (2017). [CrossRef]D. Kalinowska et al., "Studies on effectiveness of PTT on 3D tumor model under microfluidic conditions using aptamer-modified nanoshells", Biosensors Bioelectr. 126, 214 (2019).[CrossRef]N. Bhattacharjee et al., "The upcoming 3D-printing revolution in microfluidics", Lab on a Chip 16(10), 1720 (2016). [CrossRef]I.R.G. Ogilvie et al., "Reduction of surface roughness for optical quality microfluidic devices in PMMA and COC", J. Micromech. Microeng. 20(6), 065016 (2010). [CrossRef]D. Gomez et al., "Femtosecond laser ablation for microfluidics", Opt. Eng. 44(5), 051105 (2005). [CrossRef]Y. Hwang, R.N. Candler, "Non-planar PDMS microfluidic channels and actuators: a review", Lab on a Chip 17(23), 3948 (2017). [CrossRef]

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Raj M, Kiran, and Suman Chakraborty. "PDMS microfluidics: A mini review." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 137, no. 27 (January 17, 2020): 48958. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.48958.

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Yuan, Yapeng, Yaxiaer Yalikun, Nobutoshi Ota, and Yo Tanaka. "Property Investigation of Replaceable PDMS Membrane as an Actuator in Microfluidic Device." Actuators 7, no. 4 (September 28, 2018): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act7040068.

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This paper investigates the basic deflection properties of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane as an actuator component in a microfluidic device. Polydimethylsiloxane membrane is a widely used structure in various applications in microfluidics. Most of the applications using PDMS membrane as actuators are pumps, valves, microlenses, and cell stimulators. In these applications, PDMS membranes are deflected to function by applied pressure. However, based on our literature survey, correlations between thickness, applied air pressure, and the deflection properties of replaceable PDMS membrane have not been theoretically and experimentally investigated yet. In this paper, we first conducted a simulation to analyze the relationship between deflection of the replaceable PDMS membrane and applied pressure. Then we verified the deflection of the PDMS membrane in different experimental conditions. Finally, we demonstrated that the PDMS membrane functioned as a valve actuator in a cell-capturing device as one application. We expect this study would work as an important reference for research investigations that use PDMS membrane as an actuator.

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Torino, Stefania, Brunella Corrado, Mario Iodice, and Giuseppe Coppola. "PDMS-Based Microfluidic Devices for Cell Culture." Inventions 3, no. 3 (September 6, 2018): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inventions3030065.

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Microfluidic technology has affirmed itself as a powerful tool in medical and biological research by offering the possibility of managing biological samples in tiny channels and chambers. Among the different applications, the use of microfluidics for cell cultures has attracted much interest from scientists worldwide. Traditional cell culture methods need high quantities of samples and reagents that are strongly reduced in miniaturized systems. In addition, the microenvironment is better controlled by scaling down. In this paper, we provide an overview of the aspects related to the design of a novel microfluidic culture chamber, the fabrication approach based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) soft-lithography, and the most critical issues in shrinking the size of the system.

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Davic, Andrew, and Michael Cascio. "Development of a Microfluidic Platform for Trace Lipid Analysis." Metabolites 11, no. 3 (February 24, 2021): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo11030130.

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The inherent trace quantity of primary fatty acid amides found in biological systems presents challenges for analytical analysis and quantitation, requiring a highly sensitive detection system. The use of microfluidics provides a green sample preparation and analysis technique through small-volume fluidic flow through micron-sized channels embedded in a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) device. Microfluidics provides the potential of having a micro total analysis system where chromatographic separation, fluorescent tagging reactions, and detection are accomplished with no added sample handling. This study describes the development and the optimization of a microfluidic-laser induced fluorescence (LIF) analysis and detection system that can be used for the detection of ultra-trace levels of fluorescently tagged primary fatty acid amines. A PDMS microfluidic device was designed and fabricated to incorporate droplet-based flow. Droplet microfluidics have enabled on-chip fluorescent tagging reactions to be performed quickly and efficiently, with no additional sample handling. An optimized LIF optical detection system provided fluorescently tagged primary fatty acid amine detection at sub-fmol levels (436 amol). The use of this LIF detection provides unparalleled sensitivity, with detection limits several orders of magnitude lower than currently employed LC-MS techniques, and might be easily adapted for use as a complementary quantification platform for parallel MS-based omics studies.

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Dodge, Arash, Edouard Brunet, Suelin Chen, Jacques Goulpeau, Val?rie Labas, Joelle Vinh, and Patrick Tabeling. "PDMS-based microfluidics for proteomic analysis." Analyst 131, no. 10 (2006): 1122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b606394b.

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Tropmann, Artur, Laurent Tanguy, Peter Koltay, Roland Zengerle, and Lutz Riegger. "Completely Superhydrophobic PDMS Surfaces for Microfluidics." Langmuir 28, no. 22 (May 21, 2012): 8292–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la301283m.

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Malecha, Karol. "The utilization of LTCC-PDMS bonding technology for microfluidic system applications – a simple fluorescent sensor." Microelectronics International 33, no. 3 (August 1, 2016): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mi-03-2016-0027.

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Purpose This paper aims to present a research on utilization of an irreversible bonding between non-transparent low temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC) and transparent poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). The research presented in this paper is focused on the technology and performance of the miniature microfluidic module for fluorescence measurement. Design/methodology/approach The chemical combination of both materials is achieved through surface modification using argon-oxygen dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma. According to the performed spectroscopic analyses (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, XPS; attenuated total reflection-Fourier infrared spectroscopy, ATR-FTIR) and contact angle measurements, the LTCC and PDMS surfaces are oxidized during the process. The presented microfluidic module was fabricated using LTCC technology. The possibility for the fabrication of LTCC-PDMS microfluidic fluorescent sensor is studied. The performance of the sensor was examined experimentally. Findings As a result of DBD plasma oxidation, the LTCC and PDMS surfaces change in character from hydrophobic to hydrophilic and were permanently bonded. The presented LTCC-PDMS bonding technique was used to fabricate a microfluidic fluorescent sensor. The preliminary measurements of the sensor have proven that it is possible to observe the fluorescence of a liquid sample from a very small volume. Research limitations/implications The presented research is a preliminary work which is focused on the fabrication of the LTCC-PDMS fluorescent sensor. The microfluidic device was positively tested only for ethanolic fluorescein solutions. Therefore, fluorescence measurements should be performed for biological specimen (e.g. DNA). Practical implications The LTCC-PDMS bonding technology combines the advantages of both materials. One the one hand, transparent PDMS with precise, transparent three-dimensional structures can be fabricated using hot embossing, soft lithography or laser ablation. On the other hand, rigid LTCC substrate consisting of microfluidic structures, electric interconnections, heaters and optoelectronic components can be fabricated. The development of the LTCC-PDMS microfluidic modules provides opportunity for the construction of a lab-on-chip, or micro-total analysis systems-type system, for analytical chemistry and fast medical diagnoses. Originality/value This paper shows utilization of the PDMS-LTCC bonding technology for microfluidics. Moreover, the design, fabrication and performance of the PDMS-LTCC fluorescent sensor are presented.

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Chiu, Yi-Lung, Ruchi Ashok Kumar Yadav, Hong-Yuan Huang, Yi-Wen Wang, and Da-Jeng Yao. "Unveiling the Potential of Droplet Generation, Sorting, Expansion, and Restoration in Microfluidic Biochips." Micromachines 10, no. 11 (November 6, 2019): 756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10110756.

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Microfluidic biochip techniques are prominently replacing conventional biochemical analyzers by the integration of all functions necessary for biochemical analysis using microfluidics. The microfluidics of droplets offer exquisite control over the size of microliter samples to satisfy the requirements of embryo culture, which might involve a size ranging from picoliter to nanoliter. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is the mainstream material for the fabrication of microfluidic devices due to its excellent biocompatibility and simplicity of fabrication. Herein, we developed a microfluidic biomedical chip on a PDMS substrate that integrated four key functions—generation of a droplet of an emulsion, sorting, expansion and restoration, which were employed in a mouse embryo system to assess reproductive medicine. The main channel of the designed chip had width of 1200 μm and height of 500 μm. The designed microfluidic chips possessed six sections—cleaved into three inlets and three outlets—to study the key functions with five-day embryo culture. The control part of the experiment was conducted with polystyrene (PS) beads (100 μm), the same size as the murine embryos, for the purpose of testing. The outcomes of our work illustrate that the rate of success of the static droplet culture group (87.5%) is only slightly less than that of a conventional group (95%). It clearly demonstrates that a droplet-based microfluidic system can produce a droplet in a volume range from picoliter to nanoliter.

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Šustková, Alena, Klára Konderlová, Ester Drastíková, Stefan Sützl, Lenka Hárendarčíková, and Jan Petr. "Rapid Production of PDMS Microdevices for Electrodriven Separations and Microfluidics by 3D-Printed Scaffold Removal." Separations 8, no. 5 (May 14, 2021): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations8050067.

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In our work, we produced PDMS-based microfluidic devices by mechanical removal of 3D-printed scaffolds inserted in PDMS. Two setups leading to the fabrication of monolithic PDMS-based microdevices and bonded (or stamped) PDMS-based microdevices were designed. In the monolithic devices, the 3D-printed scaffolds were fully inserted in the PDMS and then carefully removed. The bonded devices were produced by forming imprints of the 3D-printed scaffolds in PDMS, followed by bonding the PDMS parts to glass slides. All these microfluidic devices were then successfully employed in three proof-of-concept applications: capture of magnetic microparticles, formation of droplets, and isotachophoresis separation of model organic dyes.

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Schneider, Stefan, Eduardo J. S. Brás, Oliver Schneider, Katharina Schlünder, and Peter Loskill. "Facile Patterning of Thermoplastic Elastomers and Robust Bonding to Glass and Thermoplastics for Microfluidic Cell Culture and Organ-on-Chip." Micromachines 12, no. 5 (May 18, 2021): 575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12050575.

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The emergence and spread of microfluidics over the last decades relied almost exclusively on the elastomer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The main reason for the success of PDMS in the field of microfluidic research is its suitability for rapid prototyping and simple bonding methods. PDMS allows for precise microstructuring by replica molding and bonding to different substrates through various established strategies. However, large-scale production and commercialization efforts are hindered by the low scalability of PDMS-based chip fabrication and high material costs. Furthermore, fundamental limitations of PDMS, such as small molecule absorption and high water evaporation, have resulted in a shift toward PDMS-free systems. Thermoplastic elastomers (TPE) are a promising alternative, combining properties from both thermoplastic materials and elastomers. Here, we present a rapid and scalable fabrication method for microfluidic systems based on a polycarbonate (PC) and TPE hybrid material. Microstructured PC/TPE-hybrid modules are generated by hot embossing precise features into the TPE while simultaneously fusing the flexible TPE to a rigid thermoplastic layer through thermal fusion bonding. Compared to TPE alone, the resulting, more rigid composite material improves device handling while maintaining the key advantages of TPE. In a fast and simple process, the PC/TPE-hybrid can be bonded to several types of thermoplastics as well as glass substrates. The resulting bond strength withstands at least 7.5 bar of applied pressure, even after seven days of exposure to a high-temperature and humid environment, which makes the PC/TPE-hybrid suitable for most microfluidic applications. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the PC/TPE-hybrid features low absorption of small molecules while being biocompatible, making it a suitable material for microfluidic biotechnological applications.

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Hiltunen, Jussi, Christina Liedert, Marianne Hiltunen, Olli-Heikki Huttunen, Johanna Hiitola-Keinänen, Sanna Aikio, Mikko Harjanne, Marika Kurkinen, Leena Hakalahti, and Luke P. Lee. "Roll-to-roll fabrication of integrated PDMS–paper microfluidics for nucleic acid amplification." Lab on a Chip 18, no. 11 (2018): 1552–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8lc00269j.

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Miralles, Vincent, Axel Huerre, Hannah Williams, Bastien Fournié, and Marie-Caroline Jullien. "A versatile technology for droplet-based microfluidics: thermomechanical actuation." Lab on a Chip 15, no. 9 (2015): 2133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5lc00110b.

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Folch, A., A. Ayon, O. Hurtado, M. A. Schmidt, and M. Toner. "Molding of Deep Polydimethylsiloxane Microstructures for Microfluidics and Biological Applications." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 121, no. 1 (February 1, 1999): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2798038.

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Here we demonstrate the microfabrication of deep (>25 μm) polymeric microstructures created by replica-molding polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) from microfabricated Si substrates. The use of PDMS structures in microfluidics and biological applications is discussed. We investigated the feasibility of two methods for the microfabrication of the Si molds: deep plasma etch of silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers and photolithographic patterning of a spin-coated photoplastic layer. Although the SOI wafers can be patterned at higher resolution, we found that the inexpensive photoplastic yields similar replication fidelity. The latter is mostly limited by the mechanical stability of the replicated PDMS structures. As an example, we demonstrate the selective delivery of different cell suspensions to specific locations of a tissue culture substrate resulting in micropatterns of attached cells.

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Lian, Zheng, Chaohui Wei, Bin Gao, Xiaogang Yang, Yue Chan, Jing Wang, George Zheng Chen, et al. "Synergetic treatment of dye contaminated wastewater using microparticles functionalized with carbon nanotubes/titanium dioxide nanocomposites." RSC Advances 10, no. 16 (2020): 9210–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra10899h.

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Vlassov, S., S. Oras, M. Antsov, I. Sosnin, B. Polyakov, A. Shutka, M. Yu Krauchanka, and L. M. Dorogin. "Adhesion and Mechanical Properties of PDMS-Based Materials Probed with AFM: A Review." REVIEWS ON ADVANCED MATERIALS SCIENCE 56, no. 1 (May 1, 2018): 62–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rams-2018-0038.

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Abstract Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is the most widely used silicon-based organic polymer, and is particularly known for its unusual rheological properties. PDMS has found extensive usage in various fields ranging from microfluidics and flexible electronics to cosmetics and food industry. In certain applications, like e.g. dry adhesives or dry transfer of 2D materials, adhesive properties of PDMS play crucial role. In this review we focus on probing the mechanical and adhesive properties of PDMS by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM). Main advantages and limitations of AFM-based measurements in comparison to macroscopic tests are discussed.

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Zhang, Wenhua, Shuichao Lin, Chunming Wang, Jia Hu, Cong Li, Zhixia Zhuang, Yongliang Zhou, Richard A. Mathies, and Chaoyong James Yang. "PMMA/PDMS valves and pumps for disposable microfluidics." Lab on a Chip 9, no. 21 (2009): 3088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b907254c.

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Dimov, Ivan K., Asif Riaz, Jens Ducrée, and Luke P. Lee. "Hybrid integrated PDMS microfluidics with a silica capillary." Lab on a Chip 10, no. 11 (2010): 1468. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b925132d.

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Fürjes, P., E. G. Holczer, E. Tóth, K. Iván, Z. Fekete, D. Bernier, F. Dortu, and D. Giannone. "PDMS microfluidics developed for polymer based photonic biosensors." Microsystem Technologies 21, no. 3 (April 6, 2014): 581–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00542-014-2130-y.

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Satpute, Surekha, Nishigandha Mone, Parijat Das, Arun Banpurkar, and Ibrahim Banat. "Lactobacillus acidophilus Derived Biosurfactant as a Biofilm Inhibitor: A Promising Investigation Using Microfluidic Approach." Applied Sciences 8, no. 9 (September 4, 2018): 1555. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8091555.

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Background: Biomedical devices and implants are adversely affected by biofilm-associated infections that pose serious public health issues. Biosurfactants (BSs) can combat pathogenic biofilms through their antimicrobial, antibiofilm and antiadhesive capabilities. The objective of our research was to produce biosurfactant (BS) from Lactobacillus acidophilus NCIM 2903 and investigate its antibiofilm, antiadhesive potential using microfluidics strategies by mimicking the micro-environment of biofilm. Methods: Antibiofilm and antiadhesive potential was effectively evaluated using different methods like microfluidics assay, catheter assay, polydimethlysiloxane (PDMS) disc assay. Along with this chemical and physical characteristics of BS were also evaluated. Results: Cell free biosurfactant (CFBS) obtained was found to be effective against biofilm which was validated through the microfluidic (MF) or Lab on Chip (LOC) approach. The potency of CFBS was also evaluated on catheter tubing and PDMS surfaces (representative bioimplants). The efficacy of CFBS was also demonstrated through the reduction in surface tension, interfacial tension, contact angle and low critical micelle concentration. Conclusion: CFBS was found to be a potent antimicrobial and antibiofilm agent. We believe that perhaps this is the first report on demonstrating the inhibiting effect of Lactobacillus spp. derived CFBS against selected bacteria via LOC approach. These findings can be explored to design various BSs based formulations exhibiting antimicrobial, antibiofilm and antiadhesive potential for biomedical applications.

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Paoli, Roberto, Davide Di Giuseppe, Maider Badiola-Mateos, Eugenio Martinelli, Maria Jose Lopez-Martinez, and Josep Samitier. "Rapid Manufacturing of Multilayered Microfluidic Devices for Organ on a Chip Applications." Sensors 21, no. 4 (February 16, 2021): 1382. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041382.

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Microfabrication and Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) soft-lithography techniques became popular for microfluidic prototyping at the lab, but even after protocol optimization, fabrication is yet a long, laborious process and partly user-dependent. Furthermore, the time and money required for the master fabrication process, necessary at any design upgrade, is still elevated. Digital Manufacturing (DM) and Rapid-Prototyping (RP) for microfluidics applications arise as a solution to this and other limitations of photo and soft-lithography fabrication techniques. Particularly for this paper, we will focus on the use of subtractive DM techniques for Organ-on-a-Chip (OoC) applications. Main available thermoplastics for microfluidics are suggested as material choices for device fabrication. The aim of this review is to explore DM and RP technologies for fabrication of an OoC with an embedded membrane after the evaluation of the main limitations of PDMS soft-lithography strategy. Different material options are also reviewed, as well as various bonding strategies. Finally, a new functional OoC device is showed, defining protocols for its fabrication in Cyclic Olefin Polymer (COP) using two different RP technologies. Different cells are seeded in both sides of the membrane as a proof of concept to test the optical and fluidic properties of the device.

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Abidin, Ummikalsom, Majlis Burhanuddin Yeop, and Jumril Yunas. "Fabrication of UV-Curing Polyurethane Methacrylate (PUMA) Microchannel and Fluidics Interconnect for Microfluidics Applications." Applied Mechanics and Materials 819 (January 2016): 351–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.819.351.

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Microfluidics platform offers a great advantage in bio-sensing and clinical diagnostics miniaturization. The requirement of inexpensive and rapid-prototyping materials are essential in microfluidics device commercialization. This paper presents rapid prototyping of UV-curing Polyurethane Methacrylate (PUMA) microchannel from the Polydimethlsiloxane (PDMS) mold. Two techniques in PUMA microchannel UV-curing rapid prototyping have successfully demonstrated in this work. The first technique utilized thin film transparency sheet as PUMA resin top surface cover in facilitating PUMA UV-curing. The second method exploited confined nitrogen gas environment in Pyrex dish chamber in expediting PUMA curing under UV light exposure. In this work, two different approaches of fluidic interconnect tubings for PUMA microchannel inlet and outlet are also presented. Reversible bonding techniques using corona discharge treatment are utilized for bonding of PUMA microchannel and fluidic interconnect with PUMA, silicon, glass and PDMS substrate. Accomplishment of preliminary fluid flow testing using PUMA microchannel proved its capability for microfluidics applications.

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Le, Tu N., Van-Anh Nguyen, Giang L. Bach, Lam D. Tran, and Ha H. Cao. "Design and Fabrication of a PDMS-Based Manual Micro-Valve System for Microfluidic Applications." Advances in Polymer Technology 2020 (January 12, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2460212.

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In this study, a manual micro-valve system (dimension: w × h: 1000 × 50 μm with 8-integrated channel valves was designed for controlling up to 8 different flows of agents (including magnetic nanoparticle flow) injected into the mixture zone of the microfluidics. The working parts of the micro-valve and microfluidic channel were fabricated from Poly(dimethyl siloxane) materials. The aperture of each channel valve was manually manipulated by a screw and a support kit (made of Plexiglas® materials). This valve system was connected to a microfluidic device with two important modules: a multi-liquid mixing component and a micro-reactor (~5 μL of volume). The study on controlling liquid flows proved that this valve system was effective for the experiments on the flow mixing and delivering the reactants into the micro-reaction chamber in order. The results are the first step for the fabrication of liquid flow controllers in integrated microfluidic systems towards biological analysis applications.

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Thanh Giang, Le Thuy. "FABRICATING THE MICROFLUIDIC CHIP WITH LENGTH-AND-DIAMETER RATIO OF CHANNEL AROUND 3000." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 54, no. 1A (March 16, 2018): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/54/1a/11822.

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Microfluidics is a device that accurately controls the motion of fluid flow with a very small amount of liquid. This field has been studied with many empirical applications in physics, chemistry, biochemistry, nanotechnology and biotechnology. Depending on particular application, the length-and-diameter ratio of channel is designed specifically in order to gain the highest efficiency for physical response and chemical reaction, etc. In this report, microfluidic chips, based on PDMS material, fabricated by soft lithography with the length-and-diameter ratio of channel 3000 times, have been fabricated for the research on biomedical orientation.Illustration of microfluidic chip with straight and spiral shape and the length-and-diameter ratio of channel around 3000.

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Tomar, Saurabh, Charlotte Lasne, Sylvain Barraud, Thomas Ernst, and Carlotta Guiducci. "Integration of Ultra-Low Volume Pneumatic Microfluidics with a Three-Dimensional Electrode Network for On-Chip Biochemical Sensing." Micromachines 12, no. 7 (June 28, 2021): 762. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12070762.

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This paper reports a novel miniaturized pseudo reference electrode (RE) design for biasing Ion Sensitive Field Effect Transistors (ISFETs). It eliminates the need for post-CMOS processing and can scale up in numbers with the CMOS scaling. The presented design employs silane-mediated transfer of patterned gold electrode lines onto PDMS microfluidics such that the gold conformally coats the inside of microfluidic channel. Access to this electrode network is made possible by using “through-PDMS-vias” (TPV), which consist of high metal-coated SU-8 pillars manufactured by a novel process that employs a patterned positive resist layer as SU-8 adhesion depressor. When integrated with pneumatic valves, TPV and pseudo-RE network were able to bias 1.5 nanoliters (nL) of isolated electrolyte volumes. We present a detailed characterization of our pseudo-RE design demonstrating ISFET operation and its DC characterization. The stability of pseudo-RE is investigated by measuring open circuit potential (OCP) against a commercial Ag/AgCl reference electrode.

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Muluneh, Melaku, and David Issadore. "A multi-scale PDMS fabrication strategy to bridge the size mismatch between integrated circuits and microfluidics." Lab Chip 14, no. 23 (2014): 4552–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4lc00869c.

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We have developed a multi-scale PDMS fabrication strategy that can straddle the length scales of hybrid integrated circuit (IC)/microfluidic chips. This approach allows multiple millimeter-scale ICs, with micrometer-scale fluid channels built directly above the IC's surface, to be incorporated into a centimeter-sized PDMS chip.

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Felton, Harry, Robert Hughes, and Andrea Diaz-Gaxiola. "Negligible-cost microfluidic device fabrication using 3D-printed interconnecting channel scaffolds." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (February 3, 2021): e0245206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245206.

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This paper reports a novel, negligible-cost and open-source process for the rapid prototyping of complex microfluidic devices in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) using 3D-printed interconnecting microchannel scaffolds. These single-extrusion scaffolds are designed with interconnecting ends and used to quickly configure complex microfluidic systems before being embedded in PDMS to produce an imprint of the microfluidic configuration. The scaffolds are printed using common Material Extrusion (MEX) 3D printers and the limits, cost & reliability of the process are evaluated. The limits of standard MEX 3D-printing with off-the-shelf printer modifications is shown to achieve a minimum channel cross-section of 100×100 μm. The paper also lays out a protocol for the rapid fabrication of low-cost microfluidic channel moulds from the thermoplastic 3D-printed scaffolds, allowing the manufacture of customisable microfluidic systems without specialist equipment. The morphology of the resulting PDMS microchannels fabricated with the method are characterised and, when applied directly to glass, without plasma surface treatment, are shown to efficiently operate within the typical working pressures of commercial microfluidic devices. The technique is further validated through the demonstration of 2 common microfluidic devices; a fluid-mixer demonstrating the effective interconnecting scaffold design, and a microsphere droplet generator. The minimal cost of manufacture means that a 5000-piece physical library of mix-and-match channel scaffolds (100 μm scale) can be printed for ~$0.50 and made available to researchers and educators who lack access to appropriate technology. This simple yet innovative approach dramatically lowers the threshold for research and education into microfluidics and will make possible the rapid prototyping of point-of-care lab-on-a-chip diagnostic technology that is truly affordable the world over.

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Niioka, Takuma, and Yasutaka Hanada. "Surface Microfabrication of Conventional Glass Using Femtosecond Laser for Microfluidic Applications." International Journal of Automation Technology 11, no. 6 (October 31, 2017): 878–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2017.p0878.

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Recently, a lot of attention has been paid to a single-cell analysis using microfluidic chips, since each cell is known to have several different characteristics. The microfluidic chip manipulates cells and performs high-speed and high-resolution analysis. In the meanwhile, femtosecond (fs) laser has become a versatile tool for the fabrication of microfluidic chips because the laser can modify internal volume solely at the focal area, resulting in three-dimensional (3D) microfabrication of glass materials. However, little research on surface microfabrication of materials using an fs laser has been conducted. Therefore, in this study, we demonstrate the surface microfabrication of a conventional glass slide using fs laser direct-writing for microfluidic applications. The fs laser modification, with successive wet etching using a diluted hydrofluoric (HF) acid solution, followed by annealing, results in rapid prototyping of microfluidics on a conventional glass slide for fluorescent microscopic cell analysis. Fundamental characteristics of the laser-irradiated regions in each experimental procedure were investigated. In addition, we developed a novel technique combining the fs laser direct-writing and the HF etching for high-speed and high-resolution microfabrication of the glass. After establishing the fs laser surface microfabrication technique, a 3D microfluidic chip was made by bonding the fabricated glass microfluidic chip with a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymer substrate for clear fluorescent microscopic observation in the microfluidics.

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Jung, Bum-Joon, Jihye Kim, Jeong-ah Kim, Hansol Jang, Sumin Seo, and Wonhee Lee. "PDMS-Parylene Hybrid, Flexible Microfluidics for Real-Time Modulation of 3D Helical Inertial Microfluidics." Micromachines 9, no. 6 (May 23, 2018): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi9060255.

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Lepowsky, Eric, Reza Amin, and Savas Tasoglu. "Assessing the Reusability of 3D-Printed Photopolymer Microfluidic Chips for Urine Processing." Micromachines 9, no. 10 (October 15, 2018): 520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi9100520.

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Three-dimensional (3D) printing is emerging as a method for microfluidic device fabrication boasting facile and low-cost fabrication, as compared to conventional fabrication approaches, such as photolithography, for poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) counterparts. Additionally, there is an increasing trend in the development and implementation of miniaturized and automatized devices for health monitoring. While nonspecific protein adsorption by PDMS has been studied as a limitation for reusability, the protein adsorption characteristics of 3D-printed materials have not been well-studied or characterized. With these rationales in mind, we study the reusability of 3D-printed microfluidics chips. Herein, a 3D-printed cleaning chip, consisting of inlets for the sample, cleaning solution, and air, and a universal outlet, is presented to assess the reusability of a 3D-printed microfluidic device. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used a representative urinary protein and phosphate-buffered solution (PBS) was chosen as the cleaning agent. Using the 3-(4-carboxybenzoyl)quinoline-2-carboxaldehyde (CBQCA) fluorescence detection method, the protein cross-contamination between samples and the protein uptake of the cleaning chip were assessed, demonstrating a feasible 3D-printed chip design and cleaning procedure to enable reusable microfluidic devices. The performance of the 3D-printed cleaning chip for real urine sample handling was then validated using a commercial dipstick assay.

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Botzolakis, E. J., A. Maheshwari, H. J. Feng, A. H. Lagrange, J. H. Shaver, N. J. Kassebaum, R. Venkataraman, F. Baudenbacher, and R. L. Macdonald. "Achieving synaptically relevant pulses of neurotransmitter using PDMS microfluidics." Journal of Neuroscience Methods 177, no. 2 (March 2009): 294–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2008.10.014.

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Nagarah, John M., and James R. Heath. "Silicon Chip Patch-clamp Electrodes Integrated With Pdms Microfluidics." Biophysical Journal 96, no. 3 (February 2009): 314a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2008.12.1573.

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Xu, Linfeng, Hun Lee, Deekshitha Jetta, and Kwang W. Oh. "Vacuum-driven power-free microfluidics utilizing the gas solubility or permeability of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)." Lab on a Chip 15, no. 20 (2015): 3962–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5lc00716j.

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This article provides a comprehensive overview of the physics of the gas solubility and permeability of PDMS, a systematic review of different types of vacuum-driven power-free microfluidics, design guidelines, existing applications, and the outlook.

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Im, Sung B., M. Jalal Uddin, Gyeong J. Jin, and Joon S. Shim. "A disposable on-chip microvalve and pump for programmable microfluidics." Lab on a Chip 18, no. 9 (2018): 1310–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8lc00003d.

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Willems, Stan B. J., Jaccoline Zegers, Anton Bunschoten, R. Martijn Wagterveld, Fijs W. B. van Leeuwen, Aldrik H. Velders, and Vittorio Saggiomo. "COvalent monolayer patterns in Microfluidics by PLasma etching Open Technology – COMPLOT." Analyst 145, no. 5 (2020): 1629–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9an02407g.

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Plasma microcontact patterning (PμCP) and replica molding were combined to make PDMS/glass microfluidic devices with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) patterns attached covalently on the glass surface inside microchannels.

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Markovic, Tomislav, Gertjan Maenhout, Matko Martinic, and Bart Nauwelaers. "Complementary Split-Ring Resonator for Microwave Heating of µL Volumes in Microwells in Continuous Microfluidics." Chemosensors 9, no. 7 (July 17, 2021): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors9070184.

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This work presents the design and evaluation of a planar device for microwave heating of liquids in continuous microfluidics (CMF) made in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). It deals with volumes in the µL range, which are of high interest and relevance to biologists and chemists. The planar heater in this work is conceived around a complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) topology that offers a desired electric field direction to—and interaction with—liquids in a microwell. The designed device on a 0.25 mm thick Rogers RO4350B substrate operates at around 2.5 GHz, while a CMF channel and a 2.45 µL microwell are manufactured in PDMS using the casting process. The evaluation of the performance of the designed heater is conducted using a fluorescent dye, Rhodamine B, dissolved in deionized water. Heating measurements are carried out using 1 W of power and the designed device achieves a temperature of 47 °C on a sample volume of 2.45 µL after 20 s of heating. Based on the achieved results, the CSRR topology has a large potential in microwave heating, in addition to the already demonstrated potential in microwave dielectric sensing, all proving the multifunctionality and reusability of single planar microwave-microfluidic devices.

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Asif, Afia, Saed Khawaldeh, Muhammad Salman Khan, and Ahmet Tekin. "Design and simulation of microfluidic device for metabolite screening and quantitative monitoring of drug uptake in cancer cells." Journal of Electrical Bioimpedance 9, no. 1 (August 16, 2018): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/joeb-2018-0003.

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Abstract Although liquid-liquid extraction methods are currently being applied in many areas such as analytical chemistry, biochemical engineering, biochemistry, and biological applications, accessibility and usability of microfluidics in practical daily life fields are still bounded. Suspended microfluidic devices have the potential to lessen the obstacles, but the absence of robust design rules have hampered their usage. The primary objective of this work is to design and fabricate a microfluidic device to quantitatively monitor the drug uptake of cancer cells. Liquid-liquid extraction is used to quantify the drug uptake. In this research work, designs and simulations of two different microfluidic devices for carrying out multiplex solution experiments are proposed to test their efficiency. These simplified miniaturized chips would serve as suspended microfluidic metabolites extraction platform as it allows extracting the metabolites produced from the cancer cells as a result of applying a specific drug type for a certain period of time. These devices would be fabricated by making polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) molds from the negative master mold using soft lithography. Furthermore, it can leverage to provide versatile functionalities like high throughput screening, cancer cell invasions, protein purification, and small molecules extractions. As per previous studies, PDMS has been depicting better stability with various solvents and has proved to be a reliable and cost effective material to be used for fabrication, though the sensitivity of the chip would be analyzed by cross contamination and of solvents within the channels of device.

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Montgomery, R. Hunter, Kelsey Phelan, Sawyer D. Stone, Francois Decuir, and Bryant C. Hollins. "Photolithography-free PDMS stamps for paper microdevice fabrication." Rapid Prototyping Journal 24, no. 2 (March 12, 2018): 361–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-01-2017-0011.

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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the applicability of 3D-printed molds to be used as a substitute for photolithography in the formation of polymer-based stamps. It proposes leveraging 3D printing as a rapid prototyping tool to be applied to microfluidic fabrication. Design/methodology/approach Different designs are created using computer-aided design (CAD) software and printed via Makerbot 3D printer. The molds serve as negative reliefs for a PDMS stamp. The stamp is used to apply paraffin wax to chromatography paper, creating hydrophobic barriers and hydrophilic channels. The minimum functional channel widths and barrier widths are determined for the method. Findings The method is demonstrated to be effective for bypassing the more cost-prohibitive photolithography approach for rapid paper microdevice fabrication. This approach produces functional channels that can be used for on-chip analytical assays. The minimum functional barrier widths and minimum functional channel widths are in good agreement with other published methods for paper-based microchannel fabrication. Research limitations/implications The approach cannot generate the high-resolution structures possible with photolithography. Therefore, if higher resolutions are needed for a particular application, this approach is not the best. Practical implications The simplicity of the approach introduces an affordable method to create disposable devices that can be used at the point of testing. Originality/value The paper satisfies a need for inexpensive, rapid prototyping of paper-based devices. The method is simple and can be used as a tool for introducing labs to microfluidics research.

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Lee, Kevin S., and Rajeev J. Ram. "Plastic–PDMS bonding for high pressure hydrolytically stable active microfluidics." Lab on a Chip 9, no. 11 (2009): 1618. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b820924c.

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Sheehy, James, Ian Hunter, Maria Eleni Moustaka, S. Ali Aghvami, Youssef Fahmy, and Seth Fraden. "Impact of PDMS-Based Microfluidics on Belousov–Zhabotinsky Chemical Oscillators." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 124, no. 51 (December 14, 2020): 11690–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c08422.

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Chiou, Chi-Han, and Gwo-Bin Lee. "Minimal dead-volume connectors for microfluidics using PDMS casting techniques." Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 14, no. 11 (August 11, 2004): 1484–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0960-1317/14/11/008.

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Pantoja, Rigo, John M. Nagarah, Dorine M. Starace, Nicholas A. Melosh, Rikard Blunck, Francisco Bezanilla, and James R. Heath. "Silicon chip-based patch-clamp electrodes integrated with PDMS microfluidics." Biosensors and Bioelectronics 20, no. 3 (October 2004): 509–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2004.02.020.

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Tonin, Mario, Nicolas Descharmes, and Romuald Houdré. "Hybrid PDMS/glass microfluidics for high resolution imaging and application to sub-wavelength particle trapping." Lab on a Chip 16, no. 3 (2016): 465–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5lc01536g.

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Ankireddy, Seshadri Reddy, and Jongsung Kim. "Quantum Dot-Bead-DNA Probe-Based Hybridization Fluorescence Assays on Microfluidic Chips." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 15, no. 10 (October 1, 2015): 7918–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2015.11218.

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The development of chip-based, quantum dot (QD)-bead-DNA conjugate probes for hybridization detection is a prime research focus in the field of microfluidics. QD-Bead-DNA probe-based hybridization detection methods are often called “bead-based assays,” and their success is substantially influenced by the dispensing and manipulation capabilities of microfluidic technology. Met was identified as a prognostic marker in different cancers including lung, renal, liver, head and neck, stomach, and breast. In this report, the cancer causing Met gene was detected with QDs attached to polystyrene microbeads. We constructed a microfluidic platform using a flexible PDMS polymer. The chip consists of two channels, with two inlets and two outlets. The two channels were integrated with QD-bead-DNA probes for simultaneous detection of wild type target DNA and mutant DNA, containing three nucleotide changes compared to the wild type sequence. The fluorescence quenching ability of QDs within the channels of microfluidic chips were compared for both DNAs.

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Bhardwaj, Rahul, Phan Tue, Manish Biyani, and Yuzuru Takamura. "A Simple and Efficient Microfluidic System for Reverse Chemical Synthesis (5′-3′) of a Short-Chain Oligonucleotide Without Inert Atmosphere." Applied Sciences 9, no. 7 (March 31, 2019): 1357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9071357.

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Reverse DNA synthesis (5′-3′) plays diverse functional roles in cellular biology, biotechnology, and nanotechnology. However, current microfluidic systems for synthesizing single-stranded DNAs at a laboratory scale are limited. In this work, we develop a simple and efficient polydimethylsiloxane- (PDMS-) based microfluidic system for the reverse chemical synthesis of short-chain oligonucleotides (in the 5′-3′ direction) under ambient conditions. The use of a microfluidics device and anhydrous conditions effectively surpass the problem of moisture sensitivity during oligonucleotide synthesis. With optimized microfluidic synthesis conditions, the system is able to synthesize up to 21 bases-long oligonucleotides in air atmosphere. The as-synthesized oligonucleotides, without further purification, are characterized using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight (MALDI-TOF/TOF) mass spectroscopy (MS) supported by the denatured polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) analysis. This developed system is highly promising for producing the desired sequence at the nanomolar scale on-chip and on-demand in the near future.

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Journal articles on the topic 'PDMS microfluidics'

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