Relevant bibliographies by topics / PDR 2020

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'PDR 2020'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 8 September 2021
Last updated: 18 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "PDR 2020"

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Qin, Dong, Yan-rong Jiang, and Zijun Meng. "Gremlin in the Vitreous of Patients with Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy and the Downregulation of Gremlin in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells." Journal of Diabetes Research 2020 (April 15, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9238742.

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Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common causes of blindness globally. Proliferative DR (PDR), an advanced stage of DR, is characterized by the formation of fibrotic membranes at the vitreoretinal interface. The proliferation, migration, and secretion of extracellular matrix molecules in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells contribute to the formation of fibrotic membranes in PDR. Gremlin has been reported to be upregulated in response to elevated glucose levels in the retina of diabetic rat and bovine pericytes. However, the role of gremlin in PDR remains unclear. In the present study, the vitreous concentrations of gremlin were significantly higher in the PDR (67.79±33.96) group than in the control (45.31±12.31) group, and high glucose levels induced the expression of gremlin in RPE cells. The elevated expression of extracellular matrix molecules, such as fibronectin and collagen IV, was significantly reduced by gremlin siRNA in human RPE cells under high-glucose conditions. Thus, gremlin may play a vital role in the development of PDR.
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Virachith, Siriphone, Virginie Pommelet, Elodie Calvez, et al. "Low seroprevalence of COVID-19 in Lao PDR, late 2020." Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific 13 (August 2021): 100197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lanwpc.2021.100197.

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Torp, Thomas Lee, Ryo Kawasaki, Tien Yin Wong, Tunde Peto, and Jakob Grauslund. "Retinal arteriolar calibre and venular fractal dimension predict progression of proliferative diabetic retinopathy 6 months after panretinal photocoagulation: a prospective, clinical interventional study." BMJ Open Ophthalmology 6, no. 1 (2021): e000661. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjophth-2020-000661.

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ObjectiveWe examined the hypothesis that baseline retinal vascular geometry in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) predicts disease activity 6 months after panretinal photocoagulation (PRP).Methods and analysisWe included 47 eyes from 40 patients with treatment-naïve PDR in a 6-month prospective study. Diagnosis of PDR and disease activity was evaluated by wide-field fluorescein angiography (Optomap, Optos, Dunfermline, Scotland, UK). At baseline and 6-month follow-up, the retinal vessel geometry was measured on optic disc centred images using semiautomated software Vessel Assessment and Measurement Platform for Images of the Retina (VAMPIRE, Dundee, Scotland).ResultsAt baseline, mean age and duration of diabetes was 51.6 and 21.4 years, and 62.5% were men. Seventeen eyes (36.2%) had progression of PDR during follow-up. At baseline, we found higher retinal arteriolar calibre (31.3±0.8 vs 28.8±0.8 pixels, p=0.02) and venous fractal dimension (FD) (1.257±0.011 vs 1.222±0.011, p=0.02) in eyes with progression of PDR as compared with eyes with non-progression. In a multiple logistic regression model, both higher retinal arteriolar calibre (OR 1.34, 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.64, p<0.01) and venular FD (OR 1.15, 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.27, p<0.01) predicted progression of PDR. Venular calibre was seen to increase from baseline to month six regardless of disease progression (non-progression 45.0±0.7 vs 52.7±1.8 pixels, p<0.01; progression 46.2±0.8 vs 51.0±1.7 pixels, p<0.01).ConclusionOur prospective study showed that arteriolar calibre and venular FD at baseline were predictive of disease activity 6 months after PRP treatment in patients with treatment-naïve PDR.
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Phomsoupha, Xaypaseuth. "Hydropower Development Plans and Progress in Lao PDR." Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment 4 (May 24, 2009): 15–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v4i0.1816.

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Laos is a mountainous country with very favorable conditions of hydropower development. Rainfall is considered high. It has 26,000 MW of theoretical potential. The Laos Govt. has a strategy to use hydropower to eradicate poverty. It has continuously made numbers of agreements with the neighboring country Thailand, Vietnam and Cambodia for increased power export. The companies developing and exporting hydropower also has a system to include importing company as equity share holder of the company. It will supply 7000 MW and 5000 MW to Thailand and Vietnam respectively by 2020. It has set a target to increase domestic electrification from present 60% to 90% by 2020. The participation of private sector is sought and promoted through Build-Own-Operate-Transfer approach. The exports of power sector amounts to 30% of all Laos export Levels.Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment Issue No. 4, January, 2009 Page 15-17
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Damian, Ioana, and Simona Delia Nicoara. "Optical Coherence Tomography Biomarkers of the Outer Blood—Retina Barrier in Patients with Diabetic Macular Oedema." Journal of Diabetes Research 2020 (October 13, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8880586.

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Background. Numerous studies confirmed the main role of the inner blood-retinal barrier in the development of Diabetic Macular Oedema (DMO). Lately, the focus of research shifted towards the external retinal barrier with potential involvement in the pathogenesis of DMO. Objective. We aim to identify the OCT changes of the external blood-retinal barrier in patients with DMO and to define them as biomarkers with predictive value. Materials and method. We set up retrospectively 3 groups of patients diagnosed with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and DMO, proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and DMO, and controls. We compared the RPE thickness in every quadrant between groups and performed correlations between best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and the thickness of the retinal layers. The Social Science Statistics platform was used for statistical tests. Results. The NPDR-DMO group consisted of 18 eyes, the PDR-DMO group consisted of 19 eyes, and the control group included 36 eyes. In the PDR-DMO group, RPE thickness was decreased in almost all quadrants ( p < 0.001 ); in the NPDR-DMO group, only the central minimum and central maximum values of the RPE thickness were significantly different from the control group. We did not find any strong correlation between BCVA and the thickness of the retinal layers. Conclusion. The thickness of the RPE layer is an OCT biomarker able to predict the functioning of the outer BRB. Eyes with PDR-DMO exhibited decreased thickness of the RPE layer in almost all quadrants, highlighting the degenerative changes occurring in a hypoxic environment. The thickness of a specific layer could not be identified as a biomarker to correlate significantly with BCVA, most likely because we did not analyze specific morphologic features, such as continuity and reflectivity. The analysis of the RPE thickness could clarify the unexplained decrease of BCVA and predict early the evolution of DR.
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Hung, M. C., and K. W. Chiang. "INTEGRATION OF PDR AND IMAGE-BASED POSITIONING AIDED BY ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS IN INDOOR ENVIRONMENT." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B1-2020 (August 6, 2020): 181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b1-2020-181-2020.

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Abstract. Location based service (LBS) is a popular issue in recent years, which can be applied widely. The most common one is providing the local information and the guide of the Point of Interesting (POI) to users, which means positioning is the necessary technique to put LBS into practice. In an outdoor scenario, the user’s position can be obtained relying on the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), however, the signal of GNSS might be blocked in a building. So, many indoor positioning techniques are developed in the decades, which have the pros and cons respectively. This paper proposes an indoor positioning technique by integrating Pedestrian Dead Reckoning (PDR) with the image-based positioning method, which can decrease the cost significantly because it only needs a camera built-in the smartphone. In the first experiment, we verify the accuracy of positioning by the proposed method, that the mean error in the horizontal direction is about 0.25 meters. In the following experiment, comparing with the misclosure of PDR only and PDR integrated with the proposed method, it can decrease from 8.53% to 1.44%. The improvement is about 83%, therefore, this method is suitable for applying to indoor navigation.
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Kislitsyna, N. M., S. V. Novikov, S. V. Kolesnik, A. I. Kolesnik, and M. P. Veselkova. "Anatomic and Topographic Vitreous and Vitreoretinal Interface Features in Proliferative Diabetic Vitreoretinopathy." Ophthalmology in Russia 17, no. 2 (2020): 249–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18008/1816-5095-2020-2-249-257.

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The role of the vitreous body and vitreomacular interface (VMI) is key in many processes including proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). In PDR patients, the VMI changes can significantly influence the emergence and progression of the disease. There are multiple factors at work in the VMI including taut posterior cortical layers, vitreoschisis, posterior vitreous detachment (PVD), and vitreous adhesions. But there is no general consensus about their role in proliferative complications. Further understanding the VMI relationship in a case of PDR is warranted in order to design better treatments, to arrest and possibly even reverse progression of PDR. Today there is no imaging techniques to determine normal vitreous and VMI interactions in different PDR stages intraoperatively. Purpose: to analyze intraoperative vitreous and vitreoretinal interface features during chromovitrectomy in patients with A-C stages of PDR. Patients and methods. Seventy-four diabetic patients (74 eyes) were included. We performed standard 25 Gauge pars plana vitrectomy using Vitreocontrast for vitreous and vitreoretinal interface (VRI) visualization. Intravitreal “Vitreocontrast” suspension is the most favored agent of those studied and it is increasingly used as an adjunct during surgery to delaminate fine tissue planes and pockets of formed vitreous and VRI structures that may not be visible with routine operative illumination systems, or using modern vital dyes. Results. “Vitreocontrast” suspension allows to visualize posterior cortex changes during different stages of PDR. We investigated vitreous and VRI anatomy, topography and structure and determined safety of retrociliary and equatorial cisterns walls in 97 % in stage A of PDR, 95 % in stage B and in 82 % of stage C. In 3–5–18 % cases, correspondently, we determined disorganization of some vitreous cisterns. In 94 % cases of PDR A and 96 % cases of PDR B we visualized preretinal vitreous layer in a central macular zone, within the boundaries of vascular arcades. It has specific topography and strong adhesion to the internal retinal membrane. It’s the first time when this new vitreous cortex layer was revealed. The presence of this layer is the result of a strong vitreomacular adhesion that causes the posterior vitreous cortex split as it attempts to detach from the inner retinal surface. Such outermost layer remains attached to the macula and can induce further proliferation process. On a stage B of PDR this area correspond with multiple vitreoschisis, on a stage C of PDR — with fibrovascular membrane. The complete PVD was revealed in 61 cases. Conclusion. In this article we analyze the results of surgical treatment in 74 patients with A-C stages of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Newer imaging technique with new dye — suspension “Vitreocontrast” allows to detect sensitive relationships of vitreous and VRI in each stage of the disease. The role of vitreous body in this process gives us a reason to consider it as an important object for further research. Moreover, the understanding of their relations in different stages of PDR enables to develop optimal surgical approach on each stage of PDR.
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Abdelmotaal, Hazem, Walid Ibrahim, Mohamed Sharaf, and Khaled Abdelazeem. "Causes and Clinical Impact of Loss to Follow-Up in Patients with Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy." Journal of Ophthalmology 2020 (February 8, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7691724.

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Purpose. This study determined the clinical impact and causes of loss to follow-up (LTFU) from the patients’ perspective in individuals with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) who received panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) and/or intravitreal injections (IVIs) of antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Methods. This prospective cohort study included 467 patients with PDR who received PRP and/or IVIs of anti-VEGF between May 2013 and June 2018. LTFU was defined as missing any follow-up visit for any interval exceeding 6 months, provided that patients eventually resumed care. Main outcome measures include rates and causes of LTFU. Results. A total of 391 patients (83.7%) were followed up, and 76 patients (16.3%) were LTFU over the study period. Rates of LTFU decreased with age (P=0.005). Questionnaire analysis conducted for patients’ LTFU showed a significant positive correlation between best corrected visual activity (BCVA) loss and patient’s lack of trust and satisfaction with treatment (rs = 0.458, P<0.001). There was also a significant positive correlation between treatment unaffordability and number of IVIs of anti-VEGF (rs = 0.55, P<0.001) and lack of social support and age (rs = 0.39, P<0.001). Conclusions. LTFU threatens vision in PDR patients receiving PRP and/or IVIs of anti-VEGF. Possibly, patient-specific LTFU causes should be addressed before treatment in order to minimize the risk of LTFU. The clinical trial is registered with NCT04018326 (trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04018326, 10th of July 2019 “Retrospectively registered”).
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Vongvannasay, Khonsavanh, Khamphang Vongphachanh, and Vilay Langkavong. "The Right of Children in Accessing Primary Education: Vientiane Province Case Study." Asia-Pacific Journal on Human Rights and the Law 16, no. 1-2 (2015): 26–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718158-01601003.

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The right to education is an important fundamental right for all Lao citizens and is regarded as one of the priorities of development in Lao pdr. The Lao pdr realizes the importance of education for all as a significant tool to help the country graduate from the least developed country status in 2020. Primary and tertiary education is therefore one of the Lao pdr Government’s priorities. This research analyses the existing rights of children to access primary education in Vientiane Province, the education system in Lao pdr and its education policy for all children. The researchers conducted an in-depth review on the actual implementation of children’s access to education in Vientiane Province, identifying barriers to the full implementation of education policy in the province as well as other important external factors for education. Recommendations are made for increasing children’s access to education, thereby improving the right to education in the state and building a much stronger foundation for the development of Lao pdr.
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Tang, Y. T., Y. T. Kuo, J. K. Liao, and K. W. Chiang. "IMPROVED INDOOR POSITIONING USING BLE DIFFERENTIAL DISTANCE CORRECTION AND PEDESTRIAN DEAD RECKONING." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B1-2020 (August 6, 2020): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b1-2020-193-2020.

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Abstract. Recently, indoor positioning becomes a popular issue because of its corresponding location-aware applications. Owing to the limits of the sheltered signal of satellites in indoor environments, one of the alternative scheme is Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) technology. BLE device broadcasts Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) for distance estimation and further positioning. However, in the complex indoor environment, the reflection, fading, and multipath effect of BLE make the variable RSSI and may lead to poor quality of RSSI. In this study, the concept called Differential Distance Correction (DDC) is similar to the Differential Global Navigation Satellite System (DGNSS). This method can eliminate some residuals and further improve the results with the corrected distance. On the other hand, Pedestrian Dead Reckoning (PDR) is another common indoor positioning method. PDR can propagate the next position from the current position by the implemented of inertial sensors. Despite that, the error of inertial sensors would accumulate with time and walking distance, which position update is required for restraining the drift. Accordingly, the two indoor positioning methods have their strong and weak point. BLE-based positioning is absolute positioning, while PDR is relative positioning. This study proposes a concept that combines the two methods. The pedestrian receives the RSSI and records the information from inertial sensors simultaneously. Through the complementary of two methods, the positioning results would be improved from 29% to 66% according to different travelled distance.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "PDR 2020"

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Aubin, Lukas. "La sportokratura en Russie : gouverner par le sport à l’ère de Vladimir Poutine, 2000-2020." Thesis, Paris 10, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA100141.

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Cette thèse vise à étudier la sportokratura – l'organisation politico-économico-sportive de « l'élite du pouvoir post-soviétique » en Russie – et à analyser son usage du sport à la fois comme un outil de gouvernance à l’échelle nationale et comme un instrument de sport power (branche naturelle du soft power) à l’échelle internationale entre 2000 et 2020. Prisme d’analyse inédit, la sportokratura est un néologisme formé des mots sport, kratos – « force, pouvoir » en grec ancien – et nomenklatura qui désigne la machinerie de l’élite politico-économico-sportive. Elle s'imprime et s'exprime sur et par les corps du président, des élites et de la société civile en Russie à l'ère de Vladimir Poutine. Notre recherche utilise donc un concept formé in situ au fil de dix terrains de recherches effectués en Russie entre 2015 et 2020. Elle se base sur un corpus qualitatif varié constitué de sources primaires et secondaires telles que des discours officiels, textes de loi, productions scientifiques, observations, ou entretiens avec des journalistes, chercheurs, athlètes, oligarques, et personnalités politiques russes. Nous proposons d’explorer le modus operandi de la sportokratura : son usage interne (nation building, storytelling) et externe (nation branding, soft power). L’étude du sport power russe par l’intermédiaire des JO de Sotchi 2014, de la Coupe du monde de football 2018 ou de l’affaire du dopage russe (2014–2020) en montrent les voies de diffusion à travers le monde. Enfin, les cas d’étude que sont Kazan, Grozny, Elista et Sotchi permettent d’en comprendre la diffusion et les limites jusqu’aux confins de la Russie. En définitive, la thèse contribue à mieux appréhender les organisations et les usages politiques du sport au sein des régimes autoritaires au XXIe siècle<br>This thesis aims to study the Sportokratura - the politico-economic-sports organization of the “post-Soviet power elite” in Russia - and to analyse its use of sport both as a tool of governance at the national level and as an instrument of sport power (a natural branch of soft power) on an international scale between 2000 and 2020. As a new analytical prism, the sportokratura is a neologism formed from the words Sport, Kratos - “force, power” in ancient Greek - and Nomenklatura. It designates the machinery of the politico-economic-sporting elite which is imprinted and expressed on and through the bodies of the President, elites and civil society in Russia in the era of Vladimir Putin. Our research therefore uses a concept formed in situ over ten research fields carried out in Russia between 2015 and 2020. It is based on a varied qualitative corpus made up of primary and secondary sources such as official speeches, legal texts, scientific productions (books, articles), observations, and interviews with Russian journalists, researchers, athletes, oligarchs, and politicians. We propose to investigate with precision the modus operandi of the sportokratura: its internal (nation building, storytelling) and external (nation branding, soft power) uses. Then, the survey of Russian sport power through the Sochi 2014 Olympic Games, the 2018 Football World Cup or the Russian doping affair (2014 - 2020) demonstrates its ways of dissemination through the world. Finally, the four case studies of Kazan, Grozny, Elista and Sochi provide a better understanding of its distribution and its limits across the Russian Federation. Ultimately, the thesis contributes to a better understanding of the organizations and political use of sport within authoritarian regimes in the 21st century
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Mayes, Mario. "The meiotic arrest of bovine oocytes." Thesis, Québec : Université Laval, 2002. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2002/20201/20201.pdf.

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Boerlin, Christoph. "Agenda 2000, Agrarpolitik 2002 und WTO Europäische Agrarpolitik - wie weiter? /." St. Gallen, 2004. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/01648856001/$FILE/01648856001.pdf.

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Silva, Leilivania Lima da. "DESIGUALDADE DE RENDA NO MARANHÃO: Uma avaliação do período entre 2000 e 2010." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2014. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/632.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-17T18:10:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO LEILIVANIA LIMA DA SILVA.pdf: 2554215 bytes, checksum: b6835a3bf49ce95d3b4c5b8f2272c25d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-19<br>Evidences about the income inequality in Maranhão in the period between the year 2000 and 2010. It emphasizes the role of economic growth and income transfers in this process. Income inequality, in practice, is usually assessed by indicators such as the Gini index, Theil L index and the income proportions of the poorest 40% and the richest 10%. The per capita income as a variable emphasized by researchers, can be analyzed by four angles: GDP per capita, average per capita household income, income from earnings and Income Transfers. Besides income and inequality, it is made a reference to the incidence of poverty in the state, measured by personal income as a result of the level of inequality. The results point to the fact that most of the reduction in income inequality over the period was due to changes in income not derived from work, given that, although the work is the main source of household income, the share of labor income in total income declined over this period, while the share of income from cash transfers increased sharply.<br>Evidências a respeito da desigualdade de renda no Maranhão no período compreendido entre os anos de 2000 e 2010. Enfatiza-se o papel do crescimento econômico e das transferências de renda nesse processo. A desigualdade de renda, na prática, costuma ser avaliada por indicadores tais como o índice de Gini, índice de Theil-L e pelas proporções da renda dos 40% mais pobres e 10% mais ricos. A renda per capita, como variável enfatizada pelos pesquisadores, pode ser analisada por quatro ângulos: PIB per capita, Renda média domiciliar per capita, Renda proveniente de rendimentos do trabalho e Renda de Transferências. Além da renda e da desigualdade faz-se referência à incidência de pobreza no estado, avaliada pela própria renda, como resultado do nível de desigualdade. Os resultados apontam para o fato de que boa parte da redução da desigualdade de renda ao longo do período deveu-se a transformações na renda não derivada do trabalho, tendo em vista que, embora o trabalho seja a principal fonte de renda das famílias, a participação dos rendimentos do trabalho na renda total declinou no período analisado, ao passo que a participação da renda proveniente de transferências de renda aumentou de forma acentuada.
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Beckwith, Benjamin. "Suburbanization 2020." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ63489.pdf.

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Santos, Ananias Vitor Luis. "Efeitos do Pronaf e a contribuição das cooperativas sobre indicadores sociais da população rural brasileira no período de 2000 a 2010." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2016. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/2226.

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Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-07-26T14:26:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ananiasvitorluissantos.pdf: 2006906 bytes, checksum: f4fc2a7a883f64065d6c8b4a497956c1 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-27T11:29:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ananiasvitorluissantos.pdf: 2006906 bytes, checksum: f4fc2a7a883f64065d6c8b4a497956c1 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T11:29:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ananiasvitorluissantos.pdf: 2006906 bytes, checksum: f4fc2a7a883f64065d6c8b4a497956c1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-03<br>A criação do Programa de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar (PRONAF) em 1996 teve como um dos objetivos a geração de renda. Desde então, este programa passou a ser constantemente estudado, porém de forma não conclusiva. O objetivo dessa dissertação é analisar os possíveis efeitos do PRONAF no desenvolvimento social da população rural, bem como verificar a contribuição das cooperativas como potencializadoras do programa. Os dados utilizados são provenientes dos Censos Demográficos do IBGE de 2000 e de 2010, dos Censos Agropecuários de 1996 e de 2006, do Atlas do Desenvolvimento Humano dos Municípios e do Banco Central. A metodologia utilizada para as análises é a de estimação de modelos econométricos para dados em painel. De forma geral, os resultados indicam que o PRONAF teve efeito positivo sobre a renda per capita rural dos municípios, quando este atendeu um maior número de produtores. Porém os resultados sugerem que gerou efeitos negativos na permanência de crianças e adolescentes na escola. Nota-se ainda que nem o número de cooperativas, nem a proporção estabelecimentos cooperados mostraram efeitos nas variáveis dependentes estudadas. Quando são feitas as interações entre a proporção de cooperados e valor do crédito do PRONAF, verifica-se um efeito positivo para a renda e negativo na frequência escolar. Porém, a interação entre proporção de cooperados e número de contratos do PRONAF, mostra o efeito inverso, com efeitos negativos na renda e positivos na frequência escolar. Enfim, sugere-se que sejam feitas intervenções visando uma utilização mais qualificada dos recursos.<br>The Brazilian Program for Strengthening Family Farming (PRONAF) was created in 1996 with the aim of generating income. Since then, this program has been constantly studied but without conclusive results. The target of this dissertation is to analyze the possible effects of PRONAF on social development of the rural population, and to verify the contribution of cooperatives to the results of the program. The data used are from the Demographic Census of 2000 and 2010 from IBGE, the Agricultural Censuses of 1996 and 2006, from the Atlas of Human Development of the Municipalities and from the Brazilian Central Bank. The methodology used for the analysis is the estimation of econometric models for panel data. Overall, the results indicate that the PRONAF had a positive effect on rural per capita income of the municipalities, when it benefits a larger number of producers. But the results suggest that the PRONAF generated negative effects on the permanence of children and adolescents in school. Note also that neither the number of cooperative members nor proportion establishments of cooperative members showed effects on dependent variables. The interaction between the proportion of cooperative members and credit value of PRONAF shows a positive effect on income and negative in the school frequency. However, the interaction between the proportion of members and number of PRONAF contracts shows the reverse effect, with negative effects on income and positive at school attendance. Finally it is suggested that interventions are made order to make most qualified use of resources.
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Picot, Pauline. "L'heure de nous-mêmes a sonné". Mobilisations antiracistes et rapports sociaux en Ile-de-France (2005-2018)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. https://theses.md.univ-paris-diderot.fr/PICOT_Pauline_2_complete_20190315.pdf.

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Cette thèse repose sur une enquête ethnographique menée entre 2013 et 2017 par observation (à des degrés de participation divers) et par entretiens, et sur une analyse de corpus. Elle vise à saisir l’activité militante concrète de plusieurs collectifs antiracistes franciliens : la Brigade anti-négrophobie, le Conseil représentatif des associations noires, le Parti des Indigènes de la République, le réseau Reprenons l’initiative contre les politiques de racialisation et le comité d’organisation des Journées contre l’islamophobie. Croisant sociologie de l’action collective, des relations interethniques et des rapports sociaux, la thèse déroule le fil de l’analyse du travail militant au sein de ces collectifs. Il s’agit, d’un côté, d’expliquer ces mobilisations au regard des conditions sociales de leur apparition – le contexte politique, l’état du champ militant antiraciste – et leur conjonction avec les trajectoires des militant.e.s ; et d’un autre côté, de se pencher sur ce que l’action collective produit pour ceux et celles qui y participent.On verra ainsi comment les mobilisations antiracistes déclenchées à partir du milieu des années 2000, du fait de militantes et de militants français héritiers de l’immigration (post) coloniale, participent d’une lutte pour l’hégémonie sur la définition du racisme en France : l’action collective contribue à produire des intellectuel.le.s, qui produisent de la théorie sur le social. Les formes de travail militant observées et analysées (intellectuel/domestique/émotionnel, visible/invisible) permettent d’interroger les façons dont s’actualisent les rapports de classe, de race et de sexe dans et par l’activité militante. Enfin, ces mobilisations ouvrent la perspective de la constitution des catégories minorisées dans les rapports sociaux de race en groupes sociaux « pour soi », politiquement représentés, c’est-à-dire la possibilité de formes de communalisation minoritaire<br>This research is based on the ethnographic study of the day-to-day activities (observation and interviews) of several antiracist activist groups, and content analysis of their written productions. It focuses on antiracist groups from the Paris region : the Brigade anti-négrophobie, the Conseil représentatif des associations noires, the Parti des Indigènes de la République, the network Reprenons l’initiative contre les politiques de racialisation and the organization committee for the annual Journées contre l’islamophobie. Combining theoretical frames from the sociology of collective action and the sociology of race, gender and class relations, the thesis is centered on the analysis of the division of militant labour within those groups. The first aim is to explain how such mobilisations emerged, by replacing them in the particular political context of the early 2000’s and situating them within the previously established antiracist field ; but also by showing how this context interacts with the social trajectories of the activists. The second aim is to examine the effects of collective action on those who participate, or in other words, the products of antiracist action.Indeed, these collectives have been intiated in the 2000’s by French activists, « heirs » of the (post)colonial immigration. They participate in the struggle for (counter) hegemony regarding the definition of racism and antiracism in France. Thereby, antiracist mobilisation produces its own intellectuals, who themselves elaborate social theory. Moreover, the different forms of militant labour (intellectual/domestic/emotional, visible/invisible) constitute entries to study the ways in which social relations of power – mainly race, gender and class relations – manifest within the course of collective action, but also how they are being reshaped. Finally, these antiracist mobilisations also imply the use of racial categories as self-categorization. Fueled by the activists’ emotional labour, this process of identification opens the possibility for racialized minority groups to become a group or a class « for itself », or in other words, a process of communalisation
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Panagiotopoulou, Ekaterini. "Les formes de la communication politique dans les campagnes électorales de 1989-1990 présentées par la presse écrite grecque." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010266.

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L'objectif de notre travail a été l'étude des techniques et stratégies communicationnelles adoptées par les quotidiens grecs dans la définition de la réalité politique lors des campagnes de 1989-1990. La période étudiée a été marquée par la dérégulation du paysage médiatique et la formation d'alliances politiques autrefois inimaginables. L'approche de la stratégie de la presse écrite s'est effectuée par l'analyse des titres journalistiques. La presse écrite en tant qu'espace ou viennent s'exprimer les acteurs politiques et comme lieu de projection de la symbolisation créé sa thématique dans son effort de reconstruire l'actualité politique. Quels sont les thèmes prioritaires dans l'information des quotidiens qui ont préoccupé le débat politique? Quel est l'enjeu politique caché derrière pour chaque thème traité? La corruption, un des thèmes majeurs qui a préoccupé la presse, a été accompagnée par la tentative des partis de l'opposition et des journalistes d'instaurer de nouvelles lignes de clivage corruption/moralisation. Les anciennes lignes de clivage droite/anti-droite ont été disparues. La notion de la réconciliation nationale s'est instaurée dans le jeu politique. Les traits des personnalités politiques ont été recomposés pour que celles-ci puissent servir les enjeux de la conjoncture politique donnée. Notre analyse a montré qu'un lien interne unit les traits constitutifs de chaque thème. De plus, une convergence des intérêts conduisait la presse écrite et les hommes politiques à adopter une logique commune sur la formation des schémas de coalitions de composition différente. Cependant, ce consensus base sur une équilibre de forces extrêmement fragile n'empêche pas le monde journalistique de consolider le caractère traditionnel du fonctionnement du système politique grec. Bien que les journaux incitent au développement des rapports contractuels et à la formation de coalitions élargies, ils favorisent, en même temps, la bipolarisation du système de partis.
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Côté-Vaillancourt, François. "Aux fondements de l'éthique : le rôle du contexte au sein du constructivisme rawlsien." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27647/27647.pdf.

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Berger, Caroline, and Caroline Berger. "Étude du dynamisme et de l'évolution des réseaux d'interactions protéiques par une approche de protéomique comparative." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/38219.

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Un objectif fondamental de la biologie évolutive est de comprendre comment l’information contenue dans le génotype peut être transmise au phénotype. Les hybrides, issus du croisement entre deux espèces différentes, représentent une opportunité unique d’explorer le lien qui existe entre génotype et phénotype. L’hybridation peut mener à la mise en place de phénotypes extrêmes (tels que l’hétérosis ou la sous-dominance) et beaucoup d’études s’intéressent aux bases génétiques de ces phénotypes. Pourtant, il y a une véritable lacune dans notre compréhension du lien entre génotype et phénotype chez les hybrides. Notre hypothèse était que ce lien se fait par l’intermédiaire des complexes protéiques et que l’hybridation devrait induire une réorganisation des complexes. Pour tester cette hypothèse, nous avons utilisé une méthode d’étude des complexes protéiques (SEC-PCP-SILAC) qui permet de cibler un grand nombre de complexes dans la cellule. Des hybrides de levures ont été générés au laboratoire et SEC-PCP-SILAC a été utilisé pour comparer les complexes protéiques des hybrides par rapport aux complexes parentaux. Nous avons été en mesure de capturer une large fraction de l’interactome avec la détection de 39% des complexes protéiques présents chez la levure. Nos résultats mettent en évidence la robustesse générale des complexes protéiques après hybridation. Toutefois, des modifications non négligeables du réseau d’interactions ont aussi été détectées. Ces modifications affectent deux voies biologiques majeures : la voie de synthèse du glucose et la voie liée à l’activité ribosomale. Ce sont des voies candidates intéressantes pour expliquer la différence de phénotype qui peut exister entre parents et hybrides. Finalement, l’utilisation d’une méthode alternative, la PCA, a permis de complémenter les données de spectrométrie de masse, en démontrant notamment la présence d’interactions parentales (intra-espèces) et chimériques (inter-espèces) chez les hybrides. Ce mémoire souligne ainsi l’importance d’adopter une approche intégrative pour une meilleure compréhension du lien génotype-phénotype.<br>Un objectif fondamental de la biologie évolutive est de comprendre comment l’information contenue dans le génotype peut être transmise au phénotype. Les hybrides, issus du croisement entre deux espèces différentes, représentent une opportunité unique d’explorer le lien qui existe entre génotype et phénotype. L’hybridation peut mener à la mise en place de phénotypes extrêmes (tels que l’hétérosis ou la sous-dominance) et beaucoup d’études s’intéressent aux bases génétiques de ces phénotypes. Pourtant, il y a une véritable lacune dans notre compréhension du lien entre génotype et phénotype chez les hybrides. Notre hypothèse était que ce lien se fait par l’intermédiaire des complexes protéiques et que l’hybridation devrait induire une réorganisation des complexes. Pour tester cette hypothèse, nous avons utilisé une méthode d’étude des complexes protéiques (SEC-PCP-SILAC) qui permet de cibler un grand nombre de complexes dans la cellule. Des hybrides de levures ont été générés au laboratoire et SEC-PCP-SILAC a été utilisé pour comparer les complexes protéiques des hybrides par rapport aux complexes parentaux. Nous avons été en mesure de capturer une large fraction de l’interactome avec la détection de 39% des complexes protéiques présents chez la levure. Nos résultats mettent en évidence la robustesse générale des complexes protéiques après hybridation. Toutefois, des modifications non négligeables du réseau d’interactions ont aussi été détectées. Ces modifications affectent deux voies biologiques majeures : la voie de synthèse du glucose et la voie liée à l’activité ribosomale. Ce sont des voies candidates intéressantes pour expliquer la différence de phénotype qui peut exister entre parents et hybrides. Finalement, l’utilisation d’une méthode alternative, la PCA, a permis de complémenter les données de spectrométrie de masse, en démontrant notamment la présence d’interactions parentales (intra-espèces) et chimériques (inter-espèces) chez les hybrides. Ce mémoire souligne ainsi l’importance d’adopter une approche intégrative pour une meilleure compréhension du lien génotype-phénotype.<br>A fundamental goal in evolutionary biology is to understand how the information contains in the genotype can be transmitted to the phenotype. Hybrids, that are the result of the cross between different species, represent a unique opportunity to investigate the link between genotype and phenotype. Hybridization can lead to extreme phenotypes (such as heterosis or underdominance) and many studies try to understand the genetic bases of these phenotypes. However, there is a real gap in our understanding of the link between genotype and phenotype in hybrids. Our hypothesis was that protein complexes would play a key role and that hybridization would lead to changes in the organisation of protein complexes. To test this hypothesis, we used a method (SEC-PCP-SILAC) that allows studying broadly protein complexes in the cell. Hybrids between yeast species were generated in the laboratory and SEC-PCP-SILAC was applied to compare the protein complexes of the hybrids with their parental species. We were able to detect a large fraction of the interactome with the identification of 39% of the protein complexes reported in yeast. Our results highlight the general robustness of the protein complexes after hybridization. However, some significant changes of the interaction networks were also detected in hybrids. These modifications involve two main biological pathways: the glucose synthesis pathway and the ribosomal activity pathway. They are promising candidates to explain the phenotypic differences between hybrids and parents. Finally, a complementary PCA approach was used to complement the mass-spectrometry data and we demonstrated the presence of both parental (within species) and chimeric (between species) interactions. This thesis emphasizes the importance to use an integrative approach for a better understanding of the link between genotype and phenotype.<br>A fundamental goal in evolutionary biology is to understand how the information contains in the genotype can be transmitted to the phenotype. Hybrids, that are the result of the cross between different species, represent a unique opportunity to investigate the link between genotype and phenotype. Hybridization can lead to extreme phenotypes (such as heterosis or underdominance) and many studies try to understand the genetic bases of these phenotypes. However, there is a real gap in our understanding of the link between genotype and phenotype in hybrids. Our hypothesis was that protein complexes would play a key role and that hybridization would lead to changes in the organisation of protein complexes. To test this hypothesis, we used a method (SEC-PCP-SILAC) that allows studying broadly protein complexes in the cell. Hybrids between yeast species were generated in the laboratory and SEC-PCP-SILAC was applied to compare the protein complexes of the hybrids with their parental species. We were able to detect a large fraction of the interactome with the identification of 39% of the protein complexes reported in yeast. Our results highlight the general robustness of the protein complexes after hybridization. However, some significant changes of the interaction networks were also detected in hybrids. These modifications involve two main biological pathways: the glucose synthesis pathway and the ribosomal activity pathway. They are promising candidates to explain the phenotypic differences between hybrids and parents. Finally, a complementary PCA approach was used to complement the mass-spectrometry data and we demonstrated the presence of both parental (within species) and chimeric (between species) interactions. This thesis emphasizes the importance to use an integrative approach for a better understanding of the link between genotype and phenotype.
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Books on the topic "PDR 2020"

1

Laos. Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. Phǣn damnœ̄nngān kānpīanpǣng din fā ʻākāt khō̜ng Sō̜Pō̜Pō̜ Lāo pī 2013-2020: Climate Change Action Plan of Lao PDR for 2013-2020. Kasūang Sapphayākō̜n Thammasāt læ Singwǣtlō̜m, 2013.

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Bưnyong, ʻAlưn. Yutthasāt phatthanā labop sathāban kānngœn-ngœntā khō̜ng Sō̜Pō̜Pō̜ Lāo tǣ pī 2009-2020: Financial institution development strategy of Lao PDR from 2009-2020. Thanākhān hǣng Sō̜. Pō̜. Pō̜. Lō̜., 2010.

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Sāt, ʻOngkān Thọ̄ngthīeo hǣng. Banlu khunnaphāp khō̜ng kānbō̜likān dōi kānphatthanā sapphayākō̜n manut: Visaithat læ yutthasāt kānphatthanā sapphayākō̜n manut nai khanǣngkān thō̜ngthīeo khō̜ng Sō̜Pō̜Pō̜ Lāo tǣ pī 2010-2020 = Achieving service quality through people : tourism human resource development vision and strategic recommendations, Lao PDR 2010-2020. ʻOngkān Thō̜ngthīeo haeng Sat, 2010.

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Lippiello, Tiziana. Discorso inaugurale della Magnifica Rettrice Anno accademico 2020/2021. Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-519-3.

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«È ora tempo di uscire dalla logica dell’emergenza e cogliere il futuro come un’opportunità». A un anno dallo scoppio della pandemia, nel primo discorso inaugurale del suo mandato la rettrice Tiziana Lippiello illustra le scelte politiche fondamentali dell’Ateneo e traccia le linee di sviluppo per un domani mai come in questo momento da ripensare e riprogettare. La ricerca, l’investimento sui giovani e sul merito, l’inclusione, la sostenibilità e il rapporto con il territorio sono i temi principali al centro di questo discorso che, per la sua stessa natura non meno che per le eccezionali circostanze in cui è stato pronunciato, intende gettare le basi per un «nuovo inizio», senza mai perdere di vista il legame con il passato e la storia della nostra università, nella consapevolezza che ogni innovazione, per essere veramente tale, deve sapersi confrontare con quella tradizione dalla quale essa stessa discende.
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Malawski, Maciej, and Krzysztof Rzadca, eds. Euro-Par 2020: Parallel Processing. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57675-2.

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Botero Arboleda, Leonor, ed. Sistema de Investigación, Innovación y Emprendimiento Universitario Lasallista (SIEUL) 2021-2026. Universidad de La Salle. Ediciones Unisalle, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19052/1900-2335_74.

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El Sistema de Investigación, Innovación y Emprendimiento (SIEUL), de la Universidad de La Salle, establece y orienta las políticas y estrategias para la generación de nuevo conocimiento, el desarrollo tecnológico, la transferencia y apropiación social del conocimiento, la innovación social y tecnológica y el fomento a la creación de empresa. A partir del Plan Institucional de Desarrollo (PID) 2021-2026, que define como primer eje estratégico el Sistema de Investigación, Innovación y Emprendimiento, se deriva este SIEUL 2021-2026, que plantea la importancia de definir núcleos problémicos pertinentes al panorama contemporáneo para ser abordados desde la investigación. Se constituye así en carta de navegación de la Universidad para su consolidación científica e innovadora, su posicionamiento y reconocimiento por sus aportes al conocimiento de frontera y su impacto en el logro de los cambios que requiere el país para una mayor equidad, productividad y calidad de vida de todos sus habitantes.
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Balis, Bartosz, Dora B. Heras, Laura Antonelli, et al., eds. Euro-Par 2020: Parallel Processing Workshops. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71593-9.

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Maran, Ruth. Apprendre PowerPoint 2000 visuel. First Interactive, 1999.

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México, Alianza por. Plataforma electoral 2000-2006: Programa legislativo 2000-2003. Alianza por México, Coordinación Nacional Ejecutiva, Coordinación Operativa, Consejo Consultivo, Comisión de Planeación, 2000.

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Richter, Kaspar. Lao PDR poverty trends 1992/3-2002-3. Committee for Planning and Investment, National Statistics Centre, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "PDR 2020"

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Zhang, Wenchao, Dongyan Wei, and Hong Yuan. "The Robust Heading of the Foot-Mounted PDR System Assisted by Anchor Points." In China Satellite Navigation Conference (CSNC) 2020 Proceedings: Volume III. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3715-8_50.

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Matteo, Eleonora. "ICT anno 2010/2011." In STUDENTI-RICERCATORI per cinque giorni. Springer Milan, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-5271-0_39.

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Bagnato, Mattia. "FOTOVOLTAICO anno 2010/2011." In STUDENTI-RICERCATORI per cinque giorni. Springer Milan, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-5271-0_26.

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Ciulla, Francesco. "ICT anno 2010/2011." In STUDENTI-RICERCATORI per cinque giorni. Springer Milan, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-5271-0_28.

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Colella, Elvia. "ASTROFISICA anno 2010/2011." In STUDENTI-RICERCATORI per cinque giorni. Springer Milan, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-5271-0_29.

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Di Mascolo, Luca. "ICT anno 2010/2011." In STUDENTI-RICERCATORI per cinque giorni. Springer Milan, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-5271-0_30.

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Galluccio, Francesco. "FOTOVOLTAICO anno 2010/2011." In STUDENTI-RICERCATORI per cinque giorni. Springer Milan, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-5271-0_31.

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Grasso, Michele. "FOTOVOLTAICO anno 2010/2011." In STUDENTI-RICERCATORI per cinque giorni. Springer Milan, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-5271-0_32.

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Laurenti, Andrea. "ASTROFISICA anno 2010/2011." In STUDENTI-RICERCATORI per cinque giorni. Springer Milan, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-5271-0_33.

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Macchia, Roberta. "FOTOVOLTAICO anno 2010/2011." In STUDENTI-RICERCATORI per cinque giorni. Springer Milan, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-5271-0_34.

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Conference papers on the topic "PDR 2020"

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Wang, Zhouyang, Erwu Liu, and Rui Wang. "A Vision-Aided PDR Localization System." In 2020 Information Communication Technologies Conference (ICTC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ictc49638.2020.9123314.

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Jin, Yan, Yan Zeng, and Lu Feng. "Rural Poverty Reduction by China’s Agricultural Investment in Northern Lao PDR." In 2020 5th International Conference on Modern Management and Education Technology (MMET 2020). Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201023.107.

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Li, Xianshan, Yurun Shao, and Fengda Zhao. "An Indoor Positioning Approach Using Smartphone Based on PDR and EKF." In 2020 15th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciea48937.2020.9248316.

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Zhou, Baoding, Zhining Gu, Wei Ma, and Xu Liu. "Integrated BLE and PDR Indoor Localization for Geo-Visualization Mobile Augmented Reality." In 2020 16th International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision (ICARCV). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icarcv50220.2020.9305324.

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Zhou, Baoding, Zhining Gu, Wei Ma, and Xu Liu. "Integrated BLE and PDR Indoor Localization for Geo-Visualization Mobile Augmented Reality." In 2020 16th International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision (ICARCV). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icarcv50220.2020.9305324.

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Tuset-Peiro, Pere, Ferran Adelantado, Xavier Vilajosana, and Ruan Delgado Gomes. "Reliability through modulation diversity: can combining multiple IEEE 802.15.4-2015 SUN modulations improve PDR?" In 2020 IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iscc50000.2020.9219719.

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Sun, Jianmei, Xi Yu, Danni Liu, Yue Zhai, and Can Wang. "Research on Indoor Location Technology based on the Fusion of WiFi and PDR." In 2020 13th International Conference on Intelligent Computation Technology and Automation (ICICTA). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icicta51737.2020.00094.

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Sadruddin, Hamza, Ahmed Mahmoud, and Mohamed M. Atia. "Enhancing Body-Mounted LiDAR SLAM using an IMU-based Pedestrian Dead Reckoning (PDR) Model." In 2020 IEEE 63rd International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mwscas48704.2020.9184561.

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Chonpairot, Jarernchai. "Pha Nya: A Folk Cultural Treasure." In GLOCAL Conference on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2020. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/cala2020.9-1.

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Pha nya, a type of folk poetie, has played many important roles in Northeast Thailand and in Laos PDR throughout its history. The poetic was used as a medium by young boys and girls for courting, as as a set of proverbs to remind people to adhere to accepted codes of conduct. Many pha nya poems contain multiple entendres in the form of surface and deep meaning. This paper will investigate these meanings and the roles of pha nya in Northeast Thailand and Laos PDR societies. The data were obtained from written document and interviews. The results of the study indicate that the meaning of words in pha nya poems have presented themselves as ambiguous, depending on the intention of the speaker and the way the listener’s interpretation. Here, the spaker has significant agency in the symbolism of the poems.
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MENDIS, A. P. K. D., MENAHA THAYAPARAN, and YAMUNA KALUARACHCHI. "GENDER AND DISABILITY INCLUSION IN POST-DISASTER REBUILDING ‘BUILD BACK BETTER’ PROGRAMMES IN SRI LANKA: A LITERATURE REVIEW." In 13th International Research Conference - FARU 2020. Faculty of Architecture Research Unit (FARU), University of Moratuwa, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/faru.2020.9.

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In the last decade, many South Asian developing countries have suffered natural disasters. Severe disaster destruction results in an overwhelming need to rebuild housing and infrastructure within a brief amount of time. United Nation Development Programme has sought to make this reconstruction program a "Build Back Better (BBB)" opportunity, hence gender inequality and marginalisation of people with disabilities remain a problem in many countries. Although the international community has sought to promote this resilience and inclusion, the Post-Disaster Rebuilding (PDR) process still overlooks these sectors of society and their needs. Therefore, this paper aims to bring in literature synthesis addressing gender and disability inclusion in PDR ‘BBB’ programmes in Sri Lanka. Besides, involvement in the mitigation of vulnerability and community resilience to disaster risks and relocation was found to play a significant role. Vulnerability and the risk of disasters can be dramatically reduced by ensuring a culture of disaster prevention and resilience for all segments of populations, particularly rural areas, girls and women, and the disabled. All aspects of socially inclusive, formal, and non-formal commitments are important to take their desires and requirement into consideration.
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Reports on the topic "PDR 2020"

1

Berkhout, Petra, Jacob Jager, and Bert Smit. Inkomenseffecten van de GLB-aanpassingen per 2020 : een quick scan. Wageningen Economic Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/505353.

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Bastante, Marcelo. Estudio Fintech 2020: Ecosistema Argentino. Inter-American Development Bank, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002892.

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El estudio representa una actualización del primer informe sobre el ecosistema Fintech en Argentina llevado a cabo en el año 2018. Describe la evolución y los avances ocurridos con respecto a la medición y el análisis realizado anteriormente, además de examinar nuevas dimensiones relevantes en el sector. La primera sección brinda una descripción general del ecosistema actual, en donde se refleja su crecimiento desde el año 2018, el panorama de la industria, su distribución y alcance en el país, y sus principales indicadores (financiamiento, clientes, usuarios y empresas). El estudio cuenta con la particularidad de haberse realizado en pleno proceso de la crisis sanitaria generada por la pandemia COVID-19, por lo que parte del estudio aborda las áreas de impacto de la crisis en las Fintech, según la visión de los integrantes del ecosistema. La segunda sección aborda un análisis por vertical Fintech, es decir por nueve segmentos de actividad dentro del ecosistema: Préstamos, Pagos digitales, Blockchain &amp; Criptoactivos, Insurtech, Inversiones, Servicios B2B, Financiamiento colectivo, Seguridad informática y Proveedor tecnológico. La tercera sección se centra en el estudio de cuatro temas transversales que atañen a todos los segmentos o sectores. Estos temas transversales se denominan horizontales: Inclusión y Educación Financiera, Género, Marco Regulatorio y Ambiente. Si bien estos horizontales se encuentran interrelacionados, se analizan individualmente. En la última sección se presentan tres casos de estudio - Ualá, Mercado Fondos y Afluenta - centrados en el rol de las Fintech en la promoción de una inclusión financiera. El estudio cuenta con la colaboración de la Cámara Argentina de Fintech, el BID Lab, Afluenta y la participación de los protagonistas de la industria que fueron encuestados para el desarrollo del informe, y entrevistados para los casos de estudio.
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PRATT, THOMAS J., JOHN H. NAEGLE, LUIS G. MARTINEZ, JR, et al. The ASCI Network for SC 2000: Gigabyte Per Second Networking. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/791895.

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Bonet-Morón, Jaime Alfredo, and Adolfo Meisel-Roca. Polarización del ingreso per cápita departamental en Colombia, 1975-2000. Banco de la República, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/dtseru.76.

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Almeida, Juliana, and Rossemary Yurivilca. 2020 IDB Climate Finance. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003253.

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Under the current IDBG Corporate Results Framework (CRF) 2020-2023 (https://crf.iadb.org/en), the IDB committed to reach 30% of the total amount approved (including all lending operations) of climate finance during this period. In 2020, the IDB Group - composed of the IDB, IDB Lab (formerly the Multilateral Investment Fund) and IDB Invest - approved US$3.9 billion in climate finance as per the MDB climate finance tracking methodology. This resource is aimed at development activities carried out by the public and private sectors that reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and thus mitigate climate change, and/or that reduce vulnerability to climate change and contribute to an adaptation process. This amount represented 19.5% of the IDB Groups total approved amount for 2020. The IDB only climate finance in 2020 was 15%, equivalent to US$ 2 billion. If the COVID-19 related investments are excluded, the IDB climate finance reached 30%. Changes in demand from countries to respond to the pandemic affected the overall climate finance results by shifting the priority to social and fiscal sectors and to projects that could provide faster liquidity.
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Mehrotra, Santosh. Monitoring India’s National Sanitation Campaign (2014–2020). Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/slh.2021.011.

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In 2011, India had more phone users (around 54 per cent of households) and television access (33 per cent) in rural areas than people with access to tap water (31 per cent) and toilet facilities (31 per cent), according to Census 2011. This clearly indicates the failure of government programmes to change the centuries-old practice of defecation in the open. This neglect of safe sanitation has had catastrophic outcomes in terms of human well-being. This case study is an analysis of the latest central government Swachch Bharat Mission - Gramin (Clean India Mission - Rural) (or SBM-G), which has achieved much greater success than any hitherto government effort in providing access to and use of toilets, especially in rural areas where the need is greatest. However, any conception of achieving ODF status, or free of open defecation, in a village (or any limited geography) is more than merely building toilets. The Sanitation Learning Hub commissioned case studies of sanitation campaigns in both India and Nepal, drawing out the lessons learnt for other countries wishing to implement similar initiatives. Both case studies focus on how target setting and feedback and reporting mechanisms can be used to increase the quality of campaigns.
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Daries, Jorge, Vicente Jaime, and Santiago Bucaram. Evolución del turismo en Perú 2010-2020, la influencia del COVID-19 y recomendaciones pos-COVID-19: nota sectorial de turismo. Edited by Darrel Pérez. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003489.

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La pandemia generada por el COVID-19 ha devastado el sector turístico peruano. De recibir 4,4 millones de turistas extranjeros e ingresar 4,7 mil millones de USD en divisas, se ha pasado a 850 mil entre enero y octubre de 2020, una caída del 76,8% casi uniforme en todos los mercados de origen. MINCETUR estima que el turismo interno caerá en 2020 un 69,8% pasando de 46,8 millones de viajes a 14,7. En este documento se realiza un análisis de la problemática que afectó la competitividad del turismo en Perú antes de la pandemia y que se agudizo durante la misma. Finalmente, sobre la base de la situación anteriormente examinada y con la finalidad de favorecer la recuperación y desarrollo post COVID-19 y superar los obstáculos que limitan la competitividad del sector turístico peruano se propone una serie de acciones de corto y mediano plazo.
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Zepa, Brigita, and Evija Kļave, eds. Latvija. Pārskats par tautas attīstību 2010/2011. Nacionālā identitāte, mobilitāte un rīcībspēja. LU Sociālo un politisko pētījumu institūts, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/lvpta.2010.2011.

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Lewis, Michael George. Status Update for Implementing Best Available Technology per DOE Order 5400.5 - September 2002. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/910658.

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Birt, Brenna, Rachael Boothe, Genevieve Braus, et al. Environmental Performance Report 2020: Annual Site Environmental Report per the U.S. Department of Energy Order 231.1B Chg 1. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1814599.

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