Journal articles: 'PE complexes'

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Demers, Christine, Jeffrey S. Ginsberg, Marilyn Johnston, Patrick Brill-Edwards, and Akbar Panju. "D-Dimer and Thrombin-Antithrombin III Complexes in Patients with Clinically Suspected Pulmonary Embolism." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 67, no. 04 (1992): 408–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1648461.

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SummaryOne hundred and fifty-six consecutive patients with clinically suspected pulmonary embolism (PE) had blood drawn to measure levels of D-dimer and thrombin-antithrombin (TAT) complexes and underwent ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) lung scanning and bilateral impedance plethysmography (IPG); pulmonary angiography was performed in 10 patients. Patients were classified as: PE-positive (positive pulmonary angiography or high probability lung scan or non-high probability lung scan and abnormal IPG) or, PE-negative (normal lung scan or normal pulmonary angiography) or PE-unlikely (non-high probability lung scan and normal serial IPG and absence of venous thromboembolism in follow-up). Thirty patients were classified as PE-positive, 64 as PE-negative and 62 patients as PE-unlikely. PE-positive patients were treated with anticoagulants, whereas PE-negative and PE-unlikely patients were not. PE-unlikely patients were followed for 3 months with repeat IPG and clinical evaluation for the occurrence of venous thromboembolism. The sensitivities, specificities, positive predictive values and negative predictive values of the D-dimer and TAT complex assays were calculated for patients classified as PE-positive and PE-negative. In addition, the prevalences of normal D-dimer and TAT complex assays were calculated for PE-unlikely patients.Cutoffs of 300 ng/ml for D-dimer and 3.5 μg/ml for TAT complexes provided sensitivities of 96% for both assays, negative predictive values of 97% for D-dimer and 96% for TAT complexes and specificities of 52% for D-dimer and 51% for TAT complexes. The specificities of the assays were higher in patients without comorbid conditions and in outpatients. Among PE-unlikely patients, 14 had normal D-dimer levels and 5 had normal levels of TAT complexes. None of these patients developed venous thromboembolism in follow-up.Our study indicates that: 1) PE is highly unlikely in patients who have D-dimer levels of less than 300 ng/ml and/or levels of TAT complexes below 3.5 μg/ml, and 2), because of their relatively low positive predictive values, further investigation is required if levels of D-dimer and/or TAT complexes are above these cutoffs. These results should be confirmed in future clinical management trials.

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Petrushenko, Igor K. "Theoretical study on mechanical properties of polyethylene–SWCNT complexes." Modern Physics Letters B 30, no. 03 (January 28, 2016): 1650012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984916500123.

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This paper studies the mechanical properties of polyethylene (PE)–Single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) complexes by using density functional theory (DFT). At the PBE/SVP level, the Young’s modulus of the complexes is obtained as a function of PE content. It is established that, with increasing number of PE chains attached to the SWCNTs, the Young’s modulus monotonically decreases. The density of states (DOS) results show that no orbital hybridization exists between the PE chains and nanotubes. The results of this work are of importance for the design of composite materials employing SWCNTs.

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Wu, Guicun, Fang Zhou, Linfu Ge, Ximin Liu, and Fansheng Kong. "Novel Mannan-PEG-PE Modified Bioadhesive PLGA Nanoparticles for Targeted Gene Delivery." Journal of Nanomaterials 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/981670.

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Purpose. Biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles have been used frequently as gene delivery vehicles. The aim of this study is to modify bioadhesive PLGA nanoparticles with novel synthetic mannan-PEG-PE (MN-PEG-PE) to obtain active targeted gene delivery system.Methods. Mannan-PEG-PE ligands were synthesized and modified onto the NPs/pEGFP complexes. The modification rate was optimized, and the characteristics of the vehicle were evaluated. Then, the modified vectors were intravenous delivered to rats, andin vivotargeting behavior of MN-PEG-PE modified PLGA nanoparticles/pEGFP complexes (MN-PEG-PE-NPs/pEGFP) in liver macrophages was investigated.Results. MN-PEG-PE-NPs/pEGFP displayed remarkably higher transfection efficiencies than nonmodified NPs/pEGFP bothin vitroandin vivo.Conclusions. Mannan containing targeting ligands could significantly improve the transfection efficiency of the carriers. MN-PEG-PE modified vectors very useful in targeted gene delivery.

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Matsko, M. A., N. V. Semikolenova, and V. A. Zakharov. "New Ways for Controlling the Molecular-Weight Characteristics and Branching Distribution in Polyethylene Obtained over Supported Catalysts Containing Bis(imino)pyridyl Complexes of Fe(II) and Bis(imine) Complexes of Ni(II)." Kataliz v promyshlennosti 22, no. 5 (September 29, 2022): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0387-2022-5-27-39.

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The paper describes ways for controlling the molecular structure of polyethylene (PE) produced over supported catalysts containing bis(imino)pyridyl complexes of Fe(II) (LFeCl2) and bis(imine) complexes of Ni(II) (*LFeCl2), which are anchored on silica gel modified by the introduction of alumina (SiO2(Al)). Under variation of polymerization conditions over LFeCl2 /SiO2(Al) catalysts, linear PE with different molecular weight and controllable molecular-weight distribution (MWD) was obtained. Homopolymerization of ethylene over *LNiBr2 /SiO2(Al) catalysts led to the formation of branched PE with the molecular-weight and thermophysical characteristics close to the low-density polyethylene produced by ethylene copolymerization with α-olefins over supported metallocene catalysts and supported Zieglertype catalysts. A method was proposed for constructing the supported bicomponent catalysts containing LFeCl2 and *LNiBr2 complexes anchored on the SiO2(Al) support for the deliberate production of polyethylene with the required molecular structure. There are examples of obtaining the linear PE with bimodal MWD on a bicomponent supported catalyst containing two different LFeCl2 complexes, the PE with controllable branching distribution on a bicomponent catalyst synthesized by anchoring LFeCl2 and *LNiBr2 complexes on the SiO2(Al) support, and an example of modifying the industrial chromium oxide catalyst by introducing the LFeCl2 complex for the control of MWD and branching distribution in the produced polyethylene.

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Minnema, M. C., H. ten Cate, E. J. R. van Beek, A. van den Ende, C. E. Hack, and D. P. M. Brandjes. "Effects of Heparin Therapy on Fibrinolysis in Patients with Pulmonary Embolism." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 77, no. 06 (1997): 1164–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1656131.

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SummaryPrevious investigations suggested that heparin administration to humans enhances the tissue type plasminogen activator (tPA) levels in blood, but it remains uncertain whether this effect induces fibrinolysis. We studied the effect of therapeutic levels of heparinization on plasma markers for fibrinolysis in patients suspected of pulmonary embolism (PE). Blood samples were taken from 49 consecutive patients; 28 had confirmed PE, 21 had PE excluded.On admission, the plasma levels of plasmin-α2antiplasmin complexes and D-dimer were significantly higher in the patient group with PE compared to those in whom PE was excluded. After heparinization the tPA levels increased in both groups, showing that this effect was not dependent on the initial level of activity of fibrinolysis. In spite of this increment in tPA levels, the concentrations of plasmin-α2antiplasmin complexes and D-dimer decreased.In conclusion, although heparinization in patients with or without pulmonary embolism does lead to elevated tPA: Ag levels, this is not accompanied by enhanced fibrinolysis.

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Limsitthichaikoon, Sucharat, and Chutima Sinsuebpol. "Electrostatic Effects of Metronidazole Loaded in Chitosan-Pectin Polyelectrolyte Complexes." Key Engineering Materials 819 (August 2019): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.819.27.

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Electrostatic interactions of polymeric charges become one of the important factors to form the polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs). In this work, PECs has successfully created through the interaction between positive charges of chitosan (CS) and negative charges of pectin (PE) based on the effect of pH and pKa of the polymers. The formation of PECs provides small particle size, positive surface charge, and high %entrapment efficiency (%EE) after loaded metronidazole (MTZ). Dropwise addition of PE solution into CS solution was carried out to form PECs. A certain concentration of chitosan and pectin fixed at ratio 3:1 while the pH of both polymers varied as pH 1, 3, 5, and 9. The alterations after forming PECs observed particle size, zeta potential, and turbidity of the solution along with FTIR, DSC, and TAG. Precipitation of PECs solution was found in the fixed pH 5 of PE solution dropwise into pH 7 and 9 CS solution, which referred to the unstable of the PECs system. The pH 1 and 9 of PE and CS obtained the large size which about 600-1200 nm, while zeta potential found a low positive charge of 5.54-11.90 mV. Thus, only the fixed pH 5 of CS solution and pH 3, 5, or 7 of PE solution to form PECs were used to load MTZ. After loaded MTZ, the particle size of the PECs was about 400-500 nm and the zeta potential was about 20-50 mV. Electrostatic interactions resulted from FTIR detected the changes in amino groups of CS and carboxyl groups of PE. Thermal analysis on DSC for determinations of melting points or transition temperatures and TGA to monitor weight loss by heat were confirmed the PECs and MTZ-PECs formation. The pH 5 of PE interacts with pH 5 of CS offered the smallest particle size as 438 nm, zeta potential about 23.5 mV, and the highest percentage of EE as about 50% of the drug-loaded. The pH 5 of PE and CS were the pH-responsive to the pKa, thus, the acidity of the polymers may provide a suitable condition to form the appropriate polyelectrolyte complexes. Keywords: Polyelectrolyte complex, polycation, polyanion, charge density

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de Durand, Étienne. "Des Balkans à l'Afghanistan : les opérations de stabilisation complexes." Politique étrangère Été, no. 2 (2005): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/pe.052.0327.

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Becker, Thomas, Susanne E. Horvath, Lena Böttinger, Natalia Gebert, Günther Daum, and Nikolaus Pfanner. "Role of Phosphatidylethanolamine in the Biogenesis of Mitochondrial Outer Membrane Proteins." Journal of Biological Chemistry 288, no. 23 (April 26, 2013): 16451–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m112.442392.

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The mitochondrial outer membrane contains proteinaceous machineries for the import and assembly of proteins, including TOM (translocase of the outer membrane) and SAM (sorting and assembly machinery). It has been shown that the dimeric phospholipid cardiolipin is required for the stability of TOM and SAM complexes and thus for the efficient import and assembly of β-barrel proteins and some α-helical proteins of the outer membrane. Here, we report that mitochondria deficient in phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), the second non-bilayer-forming phospholipid, are impaired in the biogenesis of β-barrel proteins, but not of α-helical outer membrane proteins. The stability of TOM and SAM complexes is not disturbed by the lack of PE. By dissecting the import steps of β-barrel proteins, we show that an early import stage involving translocation through the TOM complex is affected. In PE-depleted mitochondria, the TOM complex binds precursor proteins with reduced efficiency. We conclude that PE is required for the proper function of the TOM complex.

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Ghasemi, Mohsen, Sean Friedowitz, and Ronald G. Larson. "Overcharging of polyelectrolyte complexes: an entropic phenomenon." Soft Matter 16, no. 47 (2020): 10640–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0sm01466d.

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Gao, Jinlong, Le Zhang, Fakhre Alam, Yanhui Chen, and Tao Jiang. "Synthesis of PE Wax by Chromium Complexes Bearing NP Ligands." ChemistrySelect 3, no. 23 (June 20, 2018): 6468–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/slct.201800952.

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Xu, Kai, and Peter D. Nagy. "RNA virus replication depends on enrichment of phosphatidylethanolamine at replication sites in subcellular membranes." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 14 (March 25, 2015): E1782—E1791. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1418971112.

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Intracellular membranes are critical for replication of positive-strand RNA viruses. To dissect the roles of various lipids, we have developed an artificial phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) vesicle-based Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) replication assay. We demonstrate that the in vitro assembled viral replicase complexes (VRCs) in artificial PE vesicles can support a complete cycle of replication and asymmetrical RNA synthesis, which is a hallmark of (+)-strand RNA viruses. Vesicles containing ∼85% PE and ∼15% additional phospholipids are the most efficient, suggesting that TBSV replicates within membrane microdomains enriched for PE. Accordingly, lipidomics analyses show increased PE levels in yeast surrogate host and plant leaves replicating TBSV. In addition, efficient redistribution of PE leads to enrichment of PE at viral replication sites. Expression of the tombusvirus p33 replication protein in the absence of other viral compounds is sufficient to promote intracellular redistribution of PE. Increased PE level due to deletion of PE methyltransferase in yeast enhances replication of TBSV and other viruses, suggesting that abundant PE in subcellular membranes has a proviral function. In summary, various (+)RNA viruses might subvert PE to build membrane-bound VRCs for robust replication in PE-enriched membrane microdomains.

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12

Li, Ye. "Studies on Energy Transfer between Phycobiliproteins and Thylakoid Complex." Advanced Materials Research 343-344 (September 2011): 748–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.343-344.748.

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The different concentrations C-phycocyanin (C-PC), Allophycocyanin (APC) or R-phycoerythrin(R-PE) solution can reconstitute with thylakoid to synthesize different donor-acceptor complexes. The energy transfer efficiencies of those complexes are studied, where C-PC, APC and R-PE are donor, the thylakoid are acceptor. The results show excitation energy can be transfered to thylakoid from C-PC or APC. However, the energy transfer process of R-PE to thylakoid membrane does not happen. The energy transfer process of the APC to thylakoid membrane shows the highest efficiency. Those results also indicate that the linkage between phycobiliproteins and thylakoid does not have specificity. It can be concluded that the energy transfer efficiencies not only strongly depend on the relative positions of donor and acceptor but also on spectral matching relation between phycobiliproteins and Chla molecules in thylakoid membrane.

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Baker, Charli D., Writoban Basu Ball, Erin N. Pryce, and Vishal M. Gohil. "Specific requirements of nonbilayer phospholipids in mitochondrial respiratory chain function and formation." Molecular Biology of the Cell 27, no. 14 (July 15, 2016): 2161–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e15-12-0865.

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Mitochondrial membrane phospholipid composition affects mitochondrial function by influencing the assembly of the mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) complexes into supercomplexes. For example, the loss of cardiolipin (CL), a signature non–bilayer-forming phospholipid of mitochondria, results in disruption of MRC supercomplexes. However, the functions of the most abundant mitochondrial phospholipids, bilayer-forming phosphatidylcholine (PC) and non–bilayer-forming phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), are not clearly defined. Using yeast mutants of PE and PC biosynthetic pathways, we show a specific requirement for mitochondrial PE in MRC complex III and IV activities but not for their formation, whereas loss of PC does not affect MRC function or formation. Unlike CL, mitochondrial PE or PC is not required for MRC supercomplex formation, emphasizing the specific requirement of CL in supercomplex assembly. Of interest, PE biosynthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) can functionally substitute for the lack of mitochondrial PE biosynthesis, suggesting the existence of PE transport pathway from ER to mitochondria. To understand the mechanism of PE transport, we disrupted ER–mitochondrial contact sites formed by the ERMES complex and found that, although not essential for PE transport, ERMES facilitates the efficient rescue of mitochondrial PE deficiency. Our work highlights specific roles of non–bilayer-forming phospholipids in MRC function and formation.

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Du, Xing, Richard J. Youle, David J. FitzGerald, and Ira Pastan. "Pseudomonas Exotoxin A-Mediated Apoptosis Is Bak Dependent and Preceded by the Degradation of Mcl-1." Molecular and Cellular Biology 30, no. 14 (May 10, 2010): 3444–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.00813-09.

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ABSTRACT Pseudomonas exotoxin A (PE) is a bacterial toxin that arrests protein synthesis and induces apoptosis. Here, we utilized mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) deficient in Bak and Bax to determine the roles of these proteins in cell death induced by PE. PE induced a rapid and dose-dependent induction of apoptosis in wild-type (WT) and Bax knockout (Bax−/−) MEFs but failed in Bak knockout (Bak−/−) and Bax/Bak double-knockout (DKO) MEFs. Also a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential was observed in WT and Bax−/− MEFs, but not in Bak−/− or in DKO MEFs, indicating an effect of PE on mitochondrial permeability. PE-mediated inhibition of protein synthesis was identical in all 4 cell lines, indicating that differences in killing were due to steps after the ADP-ribosylation of EF2. Mcl-1, but not Bcl-xL, was rapidly degraded after PE treatment, consistent with a role for Mcl-1 in the PE death pathway. Bak was associated with Mcl-1 and Bcl-xL in MEFs and uncoupled from suppressed complexes after PE treatment. Overexpression of Mcl-1 and Bcl-xL inhibited PE-induced MEF death. Our data suggest that Bak is the preferential mediator of PE-mediated apoptosis and that the rapid degradation of Mcl-1 unleashes Bak to activate apoptosis.

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Chen, Qiang, Hongyi Suo, Wenjuan Zhang, Randi Zhang, Gregory A. Solan, Tongling Liang, and Wen-Hua Sun. "1,5-Naphthyl-linked bis(imino)pyridines as binucleating scaffolds for dicobalt ethylene oligo-/polymerization catalysts: exploring temperature and steric effects." Dalton Transactions 48, no. 23 (2019): 8264–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9dt01235d.

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Huang, Fang, Zelin Sun, Shizhen Du, Erlin Yue, Junjun Ba, Xinquan Hu, Tongling Liang, Griselda B. Galland, and Wen-Hua Sun. "Ring-tension adjusted ethylene polymerization by aryliminocycloheptapyridyl nickel complexes." Dalton Transactions 44, no. 32 (2015): 14281–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5dt01831e.

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The 9-aryliminocycloheptapyridyl nickel chlorides, activated by Et₃Al₂Cl₃ or MAO, exhibited high activities toward ethylene polymerization and produced highly branched PE in narrow polydispersity.

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Patel, Dhaval, and Stephan N. Witt. "Ethanolamine and Phosphatidylethanolamine: Partners in Health and Disease." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2017 (2017): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4829180.

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Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) is the second most abundant phospholipid in mammalian cells. PE comprises about 15–25% of the total lipid in mammalian cells; it is enriched in the inner leaflet of membranes, and it is especially abundant in the inner mitochondrial membrane. PE has quite remarkable activities: it is a lipid chaperone that assists in the folding of certain membrane proteins, it is required for the activity of several of the respiratory complexes, and it plays a key role in the initiation of autophagy. In this review, we focus on PE’s roles in lipid-induced stress in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Parkinson’s disease (PD), ferroptosis, and cancer.

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Aaltonen, Mari J., Jonathan R. Friedman, Christof Osman, Bénédicte Salin, Jean-Paul di Rago, Jodi Nunnari, Thomas Langer, and Takashi Tatsuta. "MICOS and phospholipid transfer by Ups2–Mdm35 organize membrane lipid synthesis in mitochondria." Journal of Cell Biology 213, no. 5 (May 30, 2016): 525–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201602007.

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Mitochondria exert critical functions in cellular lipid metabolism and promote the synthesis of major constituents of cellular membranes, such as phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylcholine. Here, we demonstrate that the phosphatidylserine decarboxylase Psd1, located in the inner mitochondrial membrane, promotes mitochondrial PE synthesis via two pathways. First, Ups2–Mdm35 complexes (SLMO2–TRIAP1 in humans) serve as phosphatidylserine (PS)-specific lipid transfer proteins in the mitochondrial intermembrane space, allowing formation of PE by Psd1 in the inner membrane. Second, Psd1 decarboxylates PS in the outer membrane in trans, independently of PS transfer by Ups2–Mdm35. This latter pathway requires close apposition between both mitochondrial membranes and the mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS). In MICOS-deficient cells, limiting PS transfer by Ups2–Mdm35 and reducing mitochondrial PE accumulation preserves mitochondrial respiration and cristae formation. These results link mitochondrial PE metabolism to MICOS, combining functions in protein and lipid homeostasis to preserve mitochondrial structure and function.

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Litwinienko, Grzegorz, Gino A. DiLabio, and K. U. Ingold. "A theoretical and experimental investigation of some unusual intermolecular hydrogen-bond IR bands — Appearances can be deceptive." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 84, no. 10 (October 1, 2006): 1371–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v06-097.

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The IR spectra of the O-H stretch for hydrogen bonds (HBs) arising from complex formation between the HB donor (HBD), 4-fluorophenol, and the HB acceptors, peroxides and ethers, frequently show asymmetry that appears to arise from two incompletely resolved bands from two different complexes, but the O-H HB bands with the HBD methanol are symmetric (M. Berthelot, F. Bessau, and C. Laurence. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 925 (1998)). The present studies show that this difference in O-H HB band shapes also is true for other phenols and alcohols. However with ethylene oxide, 4-fluorophenol gives an almost symmetric O-H HB band with a very broad maximum, while alcohols give symmetric O-H HB bands with well-defined maxima. It is shown by experiment that the unusual O-H HB band shapes for the phenols are not due to Fermi resonance and are unrelated to the enthalpies of HB complex formation. Theoretical exploration of the potential energy (PE) surfaces for complexes of 4-fluorophenol and methanol with tert-butyl methyl ether and ethylene oxide reveals that O-H HB band asymmetry or broadness cannot be ascribed to the presence of two different HB complexes. For this ether, the PE surfaces for rotation about the HB and for up-and-down motion of the HBD with respect to the COC plane of the ether are relatively symmetric for methanol, but are strongly asymmetric for 4-fluorophenol, hence the differences in the O-H HB band shapes. The PE surfaces for the epoxide are effectively symmetric, but the PE for rotation about the HB has a single broad minimum for methanol, whereas with 4-fluorophenol there are two minima owing to attractive interactions between the phenyl group and the CH2 groups of the epoxide. The previously unknown β2H values for ethylene oxide and tetramethylethylene oxide are 0.36 and 0.58, respectively.Key words: asymmetric IR O-H bands, asymmetric potential energy surfaces, hydrogen-bonded complexes, hydrogen bond enthalpy, O-H frequency shift.

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Fan, Linlin, Erlin Yue, Shizhen Du, Cun-Yue Guo, Xiang Hao, and Wen-Hua Sun. "Enhancing thermo-stability to ethylene polymerization: synthesis, characterization and the catalytic behavior of 1-(2,4-dibenzhydryl-6-chlorophenylimino)-2-aryliminoacenaphthylnickel halides." RSC Advances 5, no. 113 (2015): 93274–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra18257c.

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The title complexes exhibited high activities up to 1.09 × 10⁷ g of PE/(mol of Ni per h) in ethylene polymerization with better thermo-stability activated with ethylaluminium sesquichloride.

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Sugi, Toshitaka, and John A. McIntyre. "Phosphatidylethanolamine Induces Specific Conformational Changes in the Kininogens Recognizable by Antiphosphatidylethanolamine Antibodies." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 76, no. 03 (1996): 354–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1650583.

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SummaryAutoantibodies to the zwitterionic phospholipid (PL), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) have been described in patients with thrombotic diseases. Recently, we reported that many antiphosphatidylethanolamine antibodies (aPE) are not specific for PE per se, but are directed to plasma proteins which can bind PE, for example, high molecular weight kininogen (HK), low molecular weight kininogen (LK) and/or proteins in complex with HK, factor XI or prekallikrein. In the ELISA, we now show that intact HK binds to all PL tested. By using a monoclonal antibody (mAb) to the HK light chain, binding to cardiolipin (CL) was highest followed by phosphatidylserine (PS), PE and phosphatidylcholine (PC). By contrast, LK bound best to PE, with lesser amounts binding to PC and CL. Many aPE recognize only a kininogen-PE complex and neither PE nor kininogen when they are tested independently. We now report that these aPE are specific for the kininogen-PE complex as they do not recognize the kininogens when the latter are presented on other PL substrates. This indicates that PE induces unique antigenic conformational changes in the kininogens which are not induced when the kininogens bind to other PL. The kininogens bind to platelets and endothelial cells through an as yet undefined receptor. Since PE is a normal constituent of the outer layer of cell and platelet plasma membranes, it is available for the kininogens to bind. In vitro studies showed that purified IgG which bound kininogen-PE complexes in ELISA also caused platelets to undergo irreversible aggregation when stimulated by subthreshold concentrations of bovine thrombin.

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Kudaibergenov, Sarkyt, and Nurxat Nuraje. "Intra- and Interpolyelectrolyte Complexes of Polyampholytes." Polymers 10, no. 10 (October 14, 2018): 1146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10101146.

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At present, a large amount of research from experimental and theoretical points of view has been done on interpolyelectrolyte complexes formed by electrostatic attractive forces and/or interpolymer complexes stabilized by hydrogen bonds. By contrast, relatively less attention has been given to polymer–polymer complex formation with synthetic polyampholytes (PA). In this review the complexation of polyampholytes with polyelectrolytes (PE) is considered from theoretical and application points of view. Formation of intra- and interpolyelectrolyte complexes of random, regular, block, dendritic polyampholytes are outlined. A separate subsection is devoted to amphoteric behavior of interpolyelectrolyte complexes. The realization of the so-called “isoelectric effect” for interpolyelectrolyte complexes of water-soluble polyampholytes, amphoteric hydrogels and cryogels with respect to surfactants, dye molecules, polyelectrolytes and proteins is demonstrated.

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Šindelka, Karel, Zuzana Limpouchová, and Karel Procházka. "Solubilization of Charged Porphyrins in Interpolyelectrolyte Complexes: A Computer Study." Polymers 13, no. 4 (February 6, 2021): 502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13040502.

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Using coarse-grained dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) with explicit electrostatics, we performed (i) an extensive series of simulations of the electrostatic co-assembly of asymmetric oppositely charged copolymers composed of one (either positively or negatively charged) polyelectrolyte (PE) block A and one water-soluble block B and (ii) studied the solubilization of positively charged porphyrin derivatives (P+) in the interpolyelectrolyte complex (IPEC) cores of co-assembled nanoparticles. We studied the stoichiometric mixtures of 137 A10+B25 and 137 A10−B25 chains with moderately hydrophobic A blocks (DPD interaction parameter aAS=35) and hydrophilic B blocks (aBS=25) with 10 to 120 P+ added (aPS=39). The P+ interactions with other components were set to match literature information on their limited solubility and aggregation behavior. The study shows that the moderately soluble P+ molecules easily solubilize in IPEC cores, where they partly replace PE+ and electrostatically crosslink PE− blocks. As the large P+ rings are apt to aggregate, P+ molecules aggregate in IPEC cores. The aggregation, which starts at very low loadings, is promoted by increasing the number of P+ in the mixture. The positively charged copolymers repelled from the central part of IPEC core partially concentrate at the core-shell interface and partially escape into bulk solvent depending on the amount of P+ in the mixture and on their association number, AS. If AS is lower than the ensemble average ⟨AS⟩n, the copolymer chains released from IPEC preferentially concentrate at the core-shell interface, thus increasing AS, which approaches ⟨AS⟩n. If AS>⟨AS⟩n, they escape into the bulk solvent.

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Lin, Wenhua, Liping Zhang, Jiahao Gao, Qiuyue Zhang, Yanping Ma, Hua Liu, and Wen-Hua Sun. "6-Arylimino-2-(2-(1-phenylethyl)naphthalen-1-yl)-iminopyridylmetal (Fe and Co) Complexes as Highly Active Precatalysts for Ethylene Polymerization: Influence of Metal and/or Substituents on the Active, Thermostable Performance of Their Complexes and Resultant Polyethylenes." Molecules 25, no. 18 (September 16, 2020): 4244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25184244.

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A series of 6-arylimino-2-(2-(1-phenylethyl)naphthalen-1-yl)iminopyridines and their iron(II) and cobalt(II) complexes (Fe1–Fe5, Co1–Co5) were synthesized and routinely characterized as were Co3 and Co5 complexes, studied by single crystal X-ray crystallography, which individually displayed a distorted square pyramidal or trigonal bipyramid around a cobalt center. Upon treatment with either methyluminoxane (MAO) or modified methyluminoxane (MMAO), all complexes displayed high activities regarding ethylene polymerization even at an elevated temperature, enhancing the thermostability of the active species. In general, iron precatalysts showed higher activities than their cobalt analogs; for example, 10.9 × 106 g(PE) mol−1 (Co) h−1 by Co4 and 17.0 × 106 g(PE) mol−1 (Fe) h−1 by Fe4. Bulkier substituents are favored for increasing the molecular weights of the resultant polyethylenes, such as 25.6 kg mol−1 obtained by Co3 and 297 kg mol−1 obtained by Fe3. A narrow polydispersity of polyethylenes was observed by iron precatalysts activated by MMAO, indicating a single-site active species formed.

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Yue, Erlin, Qifeng Xing, Liping Zhang, Qisong Shi, Xiao-Ping Cao, Lin Wang, Carl Redshaw, and Wen-Hua Sun. "Synthesis and characterization of 2-(2-benzhydrylnaphthyliminomethyl)pyridylnickel halides: formation of branched polyethylene." Dalton Trans. 43, no. 8 (2014): 3339–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3dt53205d.

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The 2-(2-benzhydrylnaphthyliminomethyl)pyridylnickel halide complexes, activated by MAO or MMAO, showed high activities (up to 2.02 × 10⁷ g(PE) mol⁻¹(Ni) h⁻¹) towards ethylene polymerization.

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Arrigo, Jagdale, Bartoli, Tagliaferro, and Malucelli. "Structure–Property Relationships in Polyethylene-Based Composites Filled with Biochar Derived from Waste Coffee Grounds." Polymers 11, no. 8 (August 12, 2019): 1336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11081336.

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In this work, biochar (BC) derived from spent coffee grounds has been incorporated into high density polyethylene (PE) through melt mixing. The influence of the filler content on the rheological and thermal behavior of the obtained composites was assessed. In particular, a rheological study was performed systematically using different flow fields, including linear and nonlinear dynamic shear flow, revealing that the dynamics of PE macromolecules in the composite materials are slowed down because of the confinement of the polymer chains onto the filler surface and/or within the BC porous structure. Oscillatory amplitude sweep tests indicated that composites show weak strain overshoot behavior in the nonlinear regime: This finding clearly proves the formation of weak structural complexes, which cause a retardation of the macromolecular chains dynamics. Furthermore, the embedded BC particles were able to improve the thermo-oxidative stability of PE-based composites, remarkably increasing the PE decomposition temperatures.

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Moss, Daniel L., Kejing Song, Alanna G. Wanek, Qingbo Shu, Tony Hu, Jay K. Kolls, Ramgopal R. Mettu, and Samuel J. Landry. "Destabilization of exotoxin A diminishes serum antibody titer and affinity maturation by reducing peptide-MHCII abundance." Journal of Immunology 204, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2020): 217.17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.217.17.

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Abstract Potent antibody responses depend on the proteolytic processing of protein antigens and the presentation of MHC Class II bound peptides to CD4+ T cells. We have previously reported a single amino acid substitution (R494A) made to pseudomonas exotoxin A domain III (PE-III) that alters processing and antibody responses with only minor changes to CD4+ T-cell priming. These findings could not explain how the R494A substitution causes a substantial reduction in antibody titer. Previous work by our laboratory and others has shown that the stability of protein antigens affects T-cell priming through effects on antigen processing. However, there is no direct mechanism for how antigen processing alters antibody immunogenicity. We hypothesized that destabilization of PE-III by the R494A substitution reduces the abundance of PE-III peptide-containing MHCII complexes on B cells and thereby reduces their capacity to solicit T cell help for affinity maturation. Here we have observed that antibodies raised against PE-III R494A exhibit lower avidity than those raised against wild type PE-III. Furthermore, R494A PE-III was a poorer source of T-cell epitopes when provided to splenocytes from mice immunized with either wild type or R494A. Currently, PE-III peptide abundance is being analyzed by mass spectrometry, and antigen specific B cells are being characterized by single cell RNA sequencing.

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Qian, Liying, Chao Dong, Xiangtao Liang, Beihai He, and Huining Xiao. "Polyelectrolyte complex containing antimicrobial guanidine-based polymer and its adsorption on cellulose fibers." Holzforschung 68, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2012-0206.

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Abstract Polyelectrolyte (PE) complexes (PECs) are formed by the electronic interaction between cationic and anionic PEs, and a number of factors influence the forming pattern and characteristic of the PECs. In this work, a guanidine-based polymer with high cationic charge density (CD) and low molecular weight (MW) was applied for interacting with anionic carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) with low CD and high MW. To reveal the self-assembly pattern of the PEC, the turbidity of PEC and layer-by-layer (LBL) film, along with its adsorption on cellulose fibers, was characterized. The antimicrobial activity of the handsheet containing the PEC was also investigated. The charge ratio of anionic PE to cationic PE was found to be critical to the PEC stability. The roughness of the LBL film was increased and then decreased with more bilayers assembled. The isothermal adsorption indicated that the amount of adsorbed cationic PE on cellulose fibers was increased significantly by interacting with anionic CMC. The inhibition of the cationic PE on bacterial growth was not impaired by the formation of the complex. The CMC with high MW in the complex could maintain or even improve the antimicrobial efficiency of the guanidine-based polymer in handsheet.

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Arabi, Hassan, Maryam Sadat Beheshti, and Amin Manteghi. "Ethylene Polymerization through Neutral Nickel Complexes Bearing Cyclic Imides." Advances in Polymer Technology 2022 (October 6, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8788585.

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The catalyst synthesis of salicylaldimine Ni(II) complexes with bulky imide moieties, ethylene polymerization, and characterization of synthesized polyethylenes are described in this paper. These Ni(II) complexes are designed to bear 2-aminobiphenyl and 4-tritylaniline. Results confirmed relatively high activity (up to 4 × 10 4 g PE mol Ni-1 h-1) of these catalysts in ethylene polymerization. Moreover, Ni(II) complexes demonstrated enhanced thermal stability, maintaining activity level up to 80°C. The generated polyethylenes possess moderate branching density and high melting temperatures. Less bulky 2-aminobiphenyl group resulted in higher branch content, while in Ni(II) complexes bearing 4-tritylaniline, more linear structure was observed. These semicrystalline polyethylenes showed mechanical properties similar to thermoplastics.

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Yan, Li, Zhongkui Li, Xue Zhong, Jianxin Du, Yan Xiong, Shaochun Peng, and Hui Li. "Preferential Enrichment of Enantiomer from Amino Acid Schiff Bases by Coordination Interaction and Crystallization." Materials 16, no. 2 (January 5, 2023): 530. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16020530.

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In this paper, preferential enrichment (PE) is described for three pairs of novel amino acid Schiff base Cu(II)/Cu(I) complexes. Single crystal X-ray diffraction indicated that 1-S/R are one-dimensional coordination polymers (CPs) with helical structures, and 2-S/R and 3-S/R are one-dimensional CPs with auxiliary ligands. By tuning the pH, the solvent and second ligands, the 1-S/R, 3-S/R underwent polymorphic transitions, resulting in enantioselective liberation of excess enantiomers into solution, until the deposited crystals were slightly enriched with the opposite enantiomer, thereby successfully exhibiting PE. However, under the effects of Cu(II), the solvent and low pH, 2-S/R did not exhibit PE and resulted in enrichment of racemic compounds, which was attributed to amino acid Schiff base chiral complex mechanisms of PE. The three pairs of Cu complex structures were characterized by UV-vis, MS and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). All chiral properties were studied by circular dichroism (CD) in the solid and liquid.

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Lee, K. P., and L. A. Kinney. "The infrastructure and Reversibility of Testicular Atrophy Induced by Ethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether (EGME) in the Rat." Toxicologic Pathology 17, no. 4_part_2 (April 1989): 759–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192623389017004204.

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Inhalation exposure to 300 ppm ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME) for 3 days produced degenerative changes in spermatocytes of pachytene and meiotic division at spermatogenic stage XIV in rats. However, a wide range of germ cell types including spermatogonia was affected and the stage-specific damage was not discernible after 2 weeks exposure to 300 ppm EGME. The stage-specific damage was related to exposure concentration-time course. In early stages, degenerating spermatocytes showed nuclear chromatin clumping around synaptonemal complexes, cytoplasmic vesiculation with electron-dense material deposition, and disruption of the plasma membrane. Chromosomal microtubules in the meiotic division of spermatocytes were discontinued with deposition of electron-dense chromatin material. Sertoli cells showed cytoplasmic vacuolization, contact loss to germ cells, and cytoplasmic processes fragmentation with disrupted microtubules. Degenerative pachytene or meiotic spermatocytes were associated with disrupted Sertoli-germ cell relationship, chromosomal microtubules, and synaptonemal complexes. Spermatid degeneration and giant cell formation were observed after spermatocyte degeneration. Spermatid degeneration appeared to be a secondary change resulting from disrupted Sertoli-to-germ cell association. After 14 days post-exposure (PE) following 2 weeks exposure, some tubules were lined with regenerating spermatocytes with or without round spermatids. By 42 days PE, many tubules regained normal germinal epithelium, but some tubules were still atrophic even after 84 days PE. Reversibility of testicular atrophy was inversely proportional to severity of damaged stem cells.

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Griess, Gary A., and Philip Serwer. "Structure of agarose gels: Mean pore radius." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 47 (August 6, 1989): 884–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100156407.

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To use an agarose gel's sieving for the biophysical characterization of macromolecules and supramolecular complexes, the effective gel's pore radius (PE) is determined as a function of the agarose percentage (A). In previous studies, performed by use of agarose gel electrophoresis, the sieving of spheres of known radius (R) was used, together with two different (unproven) theories of sieving, to obtain PE. The PE values obtained were self-consistent and independent of R. The PE vs. A relationship did not agree with that predicted by a model that represents the gel as straight, randomly-oriented fibers (random fiber model). To test the accuracy of both the empirical PE vs. A relationship and the previously assumed model of gel structure, in the present study thin sections of agarose gels have been examined by use of electron microscopy.Gels of the agarose previously used to quantify sieving (SeaKem LE, Marine Colloids) were cast in the buffer previously used: 0.025 M sodium phosphate, pH 7.4, 0.001M MgCl2. Pieces of gel were fixed with osmium tetroxide, dehydrated and embedded in Epon. Dark gold (120 nm) sections were examined with a JEM-100CX transmission electron microscope. Electron micrographs were captured with a DataTranslation QuickCapture video digitizer and were processed on a Macintosh II computer using the program, Image.4

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Murthi, Padma, Anita A. Pinar, Evdokia Dimitriadis, and Chrishan S. Samuel. "Inflammasomes—A Molecular Link for Altered Immunoregulation and Inflammation Mediated Vascular Dysfunction in Preeclampsia." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 4 (February 19, 2020): 1406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21041406.

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Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-specific multisystem disorder and is associated with maladaptation of the maternal cardiovascular system and abnormal placentation. One of the important characteristics in the pathophysiology of PE is a dysfunction of the placenta. Placental insufficiency is associated with poor trophoblast uterine invasion and impaired transformation of the uterine spiral arterioles to high capacity and low impedance vessels and/or abnormalities in the development of chorionic villi. Significant progress in identifying potential molecular targets in the pathophysiology of PE is underway. The human placenta is immunologically functional with the trophoblast able to generate specific and diverse innate immune-like responses through their expression of multimeric self-assembling protein complexes, termed inflammasomes. However, the type of response is highly dependent upon the stimuli, the receptor(s) expressed and activated, the downstream signaling pathways involved, and the timing of gestation. Recent findings highlight that inflammasomes can act as a molecular link for several components at the syncytiotrophoblast surface and also in maternal blood thereby directly influencing each other. Thus, the inflammasome molecular platform can promote adverse inflammatory effects when chronically activated. This review highlights current knowledge in placental inflammasome expression and activity in PE-affected pregnancies, and consequently, vascular dysfunction in PE that must be addressed as an interdependent interactive process.

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Lueders, Tara N., Kai Zou, Heather D. Huntsman, Benjamin Meador, Ziad Mahmassani, Megan Abel, M. Carmen Valero, Kimberly A. Huey, and Marni D. Boppart. "The α7β1-integrin accelerates fiber hypertrophy and myogenesis following a single bout of eccentric exercise." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 301, no. 4 (October 2011): C938—C946. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00515.2010.

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The α7β1-integrin is a heterodimeric transmembrane protein that adheres to laminin in the extracellular matrix, representing a critical link that maintains structure in skeletal muscle. In addition to preventing exercise-induced skeletal muscle injury, the α7-integrin has been proposed to act as an intrinsic mechanosensor, initiating cellular growth in response to mechanical strain. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which the α7-integrin regulates muscle hypertrophy following eccentric exercise. Wild-type (WT) and α7-integrin transgenic (α7Tg) mice completed a single bout of downhill running exercise (−20°, 17 m/min, 60 min), and gastrocnemius-soleus complexes were collected 1, 2, 4, and 7 days (D) postexercise (PE). Maximal isometric force was maintained and macrophage accumulation was suppressed in α7Tg muscle 1D PE. Mean fiber cross-sectional area was unaltered in WT mice but increased 40% in α7Tg mice 7D PE. In addition, a rapid and striking fivefold increase in embryonic myosin heavy chain-positive fibers appeared in α7Tg mice 2D PE. Although Pax7-positive satellite cells were increased in α7Tg muscle 1D PE, the number of nuclei per myofiber was not altered 7D PE. Phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) was significantly elevated in α7Tg 1D PE. This study provides the first demonstration that the presence of the α7β1-integrin in skeletal muscle increases fiber hypertrophy and new fiber synthesis in the early time course following a single bout of eccentric exercise. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the precise mechanism by which the α7-integrin can enhance muscle hypertrophy following exercise.

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35

Williams, H. R., T. Y. Lin, M. A. Navia, J. P. Springer, and K. Hoogsteen. "Pig pancreatic anhydro-elastase. Role of the serine-195 hydroxy group in the binding of inhibitors and substrate." Biochemical Journal 242, no. 1 (February 15, 1987): 267–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2420267.

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The binding constants of a number of ligands were measured for pancreatic elastase (PE) and anhydro-elastase (AE) in order to assess the contribution of Ser-195 to substrate and inhibitor binding by PE. AE was purified by affinity chromatography on a column containing immobilized turkey ovomucoid inhibitor. The AE had 0.1 +/- 0.1% of the activity of the native enzyme and contained 0.8 +/- 0.06 residue of dehydroalanine per molecule. A difference electron-density map, derived from an X-ray crystallographic analysis of AE, showed that the modified residue was Ser-195. The complexing of 3-carboxypropionyl-Ala-Ala-Ala-p-nitroanilide (SAN) to the active site of AE was also demonstrated by X-ray-diffraction analysis of an AE crystal soaked overnight with substrate. The nitroanilide moiety was not observed in the difference map. AE was shown to bind turkey ovomucoid inhibitor with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 0.3 +/- 0.06 microM compared with 0.10 microM for PE. The Kd of the AE-SAN complex (0.2 mM) was comparable with the Michaelis constant for SAN with PE (1.0 mM). A number of inhibitors, such as elastatinal, which forms a hemiketal adduct with PE, while others such as the beta-lactams, which function as acylators of the active-site serine residue, bound AE with a lower affinity than to PE. The binding of a peptidylchloromethane (acetyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Ala-CH2Cl) to AE occurs without evidence for alkylation of histidine. The binding constants for benzoisothiazolinone and 3,4-dichloroisocoumarin to PE differed from their binding constants to AE by less than a factor of 4.0-fold. The contribution of the hydroxy group of Ser-195 to the binding of these inhibitors to PE in their non-covalent complexes is relatively small, even though they inactivate PE by an acylation mechanism. These results suggest that the hydroxy group on Ser-195 in PE is of secondary importance in the energetics of ligand binding, in contrast with its essential role in the catalytic properties of the enzyme.

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36

Flores, Julio, Angel García-Avello, Victor M. Flores, JoséL Navarro, Felipe Canseco, and Esteban Pérez-Rodríguez. "Tissue Plasminogen Activator Plasma Levels as a Potential Diagnostic Aid in Acute Pulmonary Embolism." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 127, no. 3 (March 1, 2003): 310–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2003-127-0310-tpapla.

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Abstract Context.—Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a potentially fatal and frequent complication of deep venous thrombosis, and the most reliable techniques for the diagnosis of PE are not universally available and have other limitations. Objective.—To determine the efficacy of 4 different fibrinolysis system parameters, namely, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1), plasmin-antiplasmin complexes (PAP), and D-dimer, in the diagnosis of acute PE. Setting.—A 350-bed university hospital serving an area with 280 000 inhabitants. Patients.—Sixty-six consecutive outpatients with clinically suspected PE. The diagnosis of PE was based on ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) lung scan in combination with clinical assessment, lower limb study, and (when required) pulmonary angiography. Main Outcome Measures.—At the moment of clinical suspicion, a sample of venous blood was obtained to measure levels of tPA, PAI-1, PAP, and D-dimer using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Results.—Twenty-seven patients (41%) were classified as PE positive (high clinical probability and V/Q lung scan [n = 12], nondiagnostic V/Q lung scan and high clinical probability [n = 1], inconclusive V/Q lung scan and positive lower limb examination for deep venous thrombosis [n = 11], and positive pulmonary angiography [n = 3]), and 39 patients (59%) were classified PE negative. The sensitivity/negative predictive value for tPA, using a cutoff of 8.5 ng/mL, and PAI-1, using a cutoff of 15 ng/mL, were 100%/100% and 100%/100%, respectively. A tPA level lower than 8.5 ng/mL occurred in 13 (19.7%; all PE negative) of 66 patients with suspected PE, and PAI-1 levels were lower than 15 ng/mL in 9 (13.6%; all PE negative) of 66 patients with suspected PE. The D-dimer, using a cutoff of 500 ng/mL, showed a sensitivity and negative predictive value of 92.6% and 87.5%, respectively. Conclusions.—Our data indicate that tPA and PAI-1 levels are potentially useful in ruling out PE, although tPA seems to be the better parameter. The sensitivity levels and negative predictive values for the rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for D-dimer used in this investigation were low compared with previous studies using the same test.

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Chen, Dong, Liang Han, Dong Liu, Kaiqi Ye, Yu Liu, Jingying Zhang, and Yue Wang. "High performance blue-green and green phosphorescent OLEDs based on iridium complexes with N^C^N-coordinated terdentate ligands." RSC Advances 5, no. 24 (2015): 18328–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra17122e.

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Two iridium complexes with N^C^N-coordinated terdentate ligands exhibit high PE and EQE values of 35.5 lm W⁻¹ & 15.8% for blue-green emission, 47.4 lm W⁻¹ & 16.7% for green emission via direct charge recombination on both dopant emitters in the bipolar host–dopant systems.

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38

Semikolenova, Nina V., Mikhail A. Matsko, Vladimir A. Zakharov, and Wen-Hua Sun. "Unusual Effect of α-olefins as Chain Transfer Agents in Ethylene Polymerization over the Catalyst with Nonsymmetrical Bis(imino)pyridine Complex of Fe(II) and Modified Methylalumoxane (MMAO) Cocatalyst." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 22 (November 19, 2022): 14384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232214384.

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Ethylene polymerization with bis(imino)pyridlyiron precatalysts generally produces linear polyethylene (PE) even with the presence of α-olefins because α-olefins are not incorporated into polymeric products. Interestingly, α-olefins, such as hexene-1 or butene-1, have been found to act as effective chain transfer agents in the ethylene polymerization promoted by nonsymmetrical bis(imino)pyridyliron complexes with modified methylalumoxane (MMAO), resulting in higher catalytic activities with higher amounts of polymers with lower molecular weights, and, more importantly, narrower molecular weight distributions of the resultant polyethylenes (PE). This phenomenon confirms the assistance of α-olefins in the chain-termination reaction of iron-initiated polymerization and regeneration of the active species for further polymerization. Besides higher activities of the catalytic system, the formation of linear PE with trans-vinylene terminal groups and lower molecular weights are explained. The observation will provide a new pathway for enhancing catalytic activity and improving the quality of polyethylenes obtained by regulation of molecular weights and molecular weight distribution.

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39

Zheng, Jingyi, Lei Zhao, Junjie Yi, Linyan Zhou, and Shengbao Cai. "Chestnut Starch Nanocrystal Combined with Macadamia Protein Isolate to Stabilize Pickering Emulsions with Different Oils." Foods 11, no. 21 (October 23, 2022): 3320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11213320.

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This study investigated the formation and molecular interaction mechanism of chestnut starch nanocrystal (SNC)/macadamia protein isolate (MPI) complexes and their application in edible oil-in-water Pickering emulsion (PE). SNC/MPI complexes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and particle size analyzer. The PEs stabilized by SNC/MPI complexes were characterized by confocal laser scanning microscopy and rheological measurement. The results showed that hydrogen bonds between the two particles significantly affected the secondary structure and assembly of SNC/MPI complexes at the oil/water interface. The optimal mass ratio of SNC to MPI in the complexes with the best stability was determined as 20:1. The formation of edible oil-in-water PEs stabilized by SNC/MPI complexes significantly improved the oxidative and storage stability of different edible oils (olive oil, walnut oil, edible tea oil, and macadamia oil). These different edible oil-in-water PEs stabilized by SNC/MPI could be used as effective carriers of quercetin with their loading rates higher than 93%.

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Zheng, Yuting, Shu Jiang, Ming Liu, Zhixin Yu, Yanping Ma, Gregory A. Solan, Wenjuan Zhang, Tongling Liang, and Wen-Hua Sun. "High molecular weight PE elastomers through 4,4-difluorobenzhydryl substitution in symmetrical α-diimino-nickel ethylene polymerization catalysts." RSC Advances 12, no. 37 (2022): 24037–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ra04321a.

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N,N-Diaryl-2,3-dimethyl-1,4-diazabutadiene-nickel complexes appended with 4,4-difluorobenzhydryl groups can efficiently mediate the formation of polyethylene elastomers with molecular weights approaching one million g mol−1.

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Davis-Harrison, Rebecca L., Narjes Tavoosi, Vincent S. Pureza, and James H. Morrissey. "Phospholipid Synergy in Prothrombinase Activity." Blood 118, no. 21 (November 18, 2011): 1175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.1175.1175.

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Abstract Abstract 1175 Most steps in the blood coagulation cascade obligatorily take place on membrane surfaces and are dependent on the exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS). Previous studies from our lab and others have shown that phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) poorly supports clotting reactions by itself, but strongly synergizes with PS to promote several membrane-dependent steps in the blood clotting cascade, although the mechanism for PE-PS synergy has been unclear. We recently put forward a new mechanistic explanation – which we termed the ABC or Anything But Choline hypothesis – for how PS and PE synergize to enhance factor X (fX) activation by the factor VIIa-tissue factor complex (Tavoosi et al., J. Biol. Chem. 286:23247–53, 2011). The membrane contribution to this reaction is dominated by the affinity of fX for the membrane surface; since fX binds to membranes via its gamma-carboxyglutamate-rich (GLA) domain, the ABC hypothesis therefore focuses on the mechanisms by which GLA domains engage the phospholipid bilayer. We identified two main types of GLA domain-phospholipid interactions: a single phospho-L-serine-specific binding site in each GLA domain; and multiple ”phosphate-specific” interactions in which the phosphate groups of non-phosphatidylcholine phospholipids form coordination complexes with the tightly bound calcium ions in GLA domains. In the current study, we test the ABC hypothesis in the context of the prothrombinase complex – i.e., activation of prothrombin by the membrane-bound complex of fXa and factor Va (fVa). Using a variety of approaches including surface plasmon resonance analyses, we measured the contributions of varying phospholipid compositions to the membrane binding affinities of fXa, fVa and prothrombin, as well as to the enzymatic activity of prothrombinase. Our results suggest that phospholipid synergy in prothrombinase activity differs in certain respects from that observed for the factor VIIa-tissue factor complex. Not only did PS synergize with PE for enhancing the activity of prothrombinase, but phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and phosphatidylacid (PA) also synergized with PE, albeit more weakly than with PS (i.e., significantly higher levels of PG or PA in the presence of PE were required to achieve prothrombinase activities comparable to mixtures of PS and PE). In contrast, PE failed to synergize with either PG or PA to support fX activation by the factor VIIa-tissue factor complex. These differences primarily arise from differential membrane binding of the substrates for these two complexes (fX for factor VIIa-tissue factor and prothrombin for prothrombinase). The data suggest that the phospho-L-serine-specific binding site in the GLA domain of prothrombin may not be as stringent as that of fX, as high levels of PG or PA can substitute for PS in membrane binding of prothrombin but not for fX. This study provides further insights into the membrane's role in regulating blood clotting reactions, specifically the binding interactions between GLA domains and membrane surfaces. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Pilloni, Giuseppe, Sandro Zecchin, Maurizio Casarin, and Gaetano Granozzi. "DV-X.alpha. calculations, UV-PE spectra, and redox properties of nitrosyl-bridged binuclear cobalt complexes." Organometallics 6, no. 3 (March 1987): 597–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/om00146a027.

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Krinitsin, Nikita A., Vladimir K. Dubovy, Kseniya V. Polyakova, and Ivan N. Koverninsky. "Study of the Influence of Binder Type on the Properties of Glass Fiber Filter Paper for Air Purification." Lesnoy Zhurnal (Forestry Journal), no. 2 (April 1, 2022): 178–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2022-2-178-192.

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At the moment, there is a wide variety of materials for air filtration, however, it is necessary to develop new, more efficient and cost-effective materials. Numerous studies have shown that in order to obtain a highly effective filter material for fine air purification from particles of 0.1–0.5 μm, ultrafine and microfine glass fibers should be introduced into the composition. Glass fibers have a whole complex of unique properties: thermal, chemical and biological resistance, high specific surface area, filtering ability, strength and resistance to aggressive media. At the same time, glass fibers, unlike fibers of plant origin, do not have the ability to fibrillate, swell and bond formation. Therefore, a strong filter material requires a binder that provides the necessary technological strength while maintaining the specified filtering characteristics. The study of composite material based on mineral fiber was carried out, polyadherical complexes of aluminum, thermomechanical pulp (TMP), polyvinyl acetate (PVA) and polyethylene (PE) were used as binders. The main indicators are the tensile strength, capillary absorption, resistance to air flow and permeability coefficient. The novelty of this work lies in the application of TMP and PE as binders in the composite material based on glass fibers. The addition of a binder based on TMP to the composition is advisable in the range of 5–30 % of the fiber mass, for PE this range is 2–10 %. The studied composite material with the addition of PE as a binder has sufficient technological strength, a low coefficient of permeability and resistance to air flow. PE can be used as a promising binder for composite filter materials based on glass fibers for air purification.

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Smirnova, Natalya N., and Kirill V. Smirnov. "INTERACTION OF NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC POLYELECTROLYTES WITH BOVINE SERUM ALBUMIN." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 62, no. 7 (July 21, 2019): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20196207.5839.

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Interaction of a number of natural and synthetic polyelectrolytes (PE): chitosan, poly‒N,N‒dimethyl‒N,N‒diallylammonium chloride, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and aromatic copolyamide, synthesized on the bases of dichloranhydride of isophthalic acid and two diamines (4,4’‒(2,2’‒sodium disulfonate)‒diaminodephenyl, 4,4’‒(2,2’‒dicarboxylic acid)‒diaminodiphenylmethyl) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) in aqueous solutions were studied. It was shown that as a result of macromolecular reactions protein‒polyelectrolyte complexes (PPC) forms, stabilized mainly by electrostatic forces. To characterize their composition we used the value of parameter φ, defined as an amount of ionic groups of polyelectrolytes calculated per macromolecule of protein. Using spectrophotometry and conductometry it was established that the composition of PPC in the studied systems when components are mixed at optimal conditions corresponds to the value of φ ~30 – 90. The conditions for the existence of insoluble PPC were determined. In the case of precipitation of poly-N,N‒dimethyl‒N,N‒diallylammonium chloride and chitosan in protein – polyelectrolyte reactions the maximum yield of the product is observed at pH ≥ 7. The introduction of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and aromatic copolyamide into the interaction with protein accompanied by shifting the range of PPC existence into the acidic region: the maximum yield of the product is observed at рН ≤ 4. The size of the formed complex particles ranges from 10 nm ([PE]/[BSA] = 0.01 – 0.05 g/g) to ~ 1.0 ‒ 5.5 μm ([PE]/[BSA] = 0.1 – 0.35 g/g). In case of relatively short‒chained aromatic copolyamide, containing significant amount of non‒ionized carboxylic groups, the ratio of micron size particles is about 5%. The presence of sulfonate and carboxylic groups in the composition of copolyamide gives an additional opportunity to regulate the conversation degree in the interpolyelectrolyte reactions, thus also implying the structure and the composition of the formed complexes.

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45

Zhou, Jun-Xian, Markus Braun, Pille Wetterauer, Bernhard Wetterauer, and Michael Wink. "Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, and Antimicrobial Activities of Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Paeonia lactiflora Pall., and Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. Extracts." Medicines 6, no. 2 (March 30, 2019): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicines6020043.

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Background: The phytochemical composition, antioxidant, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities of a methanol extract from Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (Ge), a 50% ethanol (in water) extract from Paeonia lactiflora Pall. (Pe), and a 96% ethanol extract from Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. (Ue) were investigated. Methods: The phytochemical profiles of the extracts were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by scavenging 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radicals and reducing ferric complexes, and the total phenolic content was tested with the Folin–Ciocalteu method. Cytotoxicity was determined with a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Antimicrobial activity of the three plant extracts was investigated against six bacterial strains with the broth microdilution method. Results: Only Pe showed high antioxidant activities compared to the positive controls ascorbic acid and (−)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) in DPPH assay; and generally the antioxidant activity order was ascorbic acid or EGCG > Pe > Ue > Ge. The three plant extracts did not show strong cytotoxicity against RAW 264.7 cells after 24 h treatment with IC50 values above 60.53 ± 4.03 μg/mL. Ue was not toxic against the six tested bacterial strains, with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values above 5 mg/mL. Ge showed medium antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter bohemicus, Kocuria kristinae, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus auricularis, and Bacillus megaterium with MICs between 0.31 and 1.25 mg/mL. Pe inhibited the growth of Acinetobacter bohemicus, Micrococcus luteus, and Bacillus megaterium at a MIC of 0.08 mg/mL. Conclusions: The three extracts were low-cytotoxic, but Pe exhibited effective DPPH radical scavenging ability and good antibacterial activity; Ue did not show antioxidant or antibacterial activity; Ge had no antioxidant potential, but medium antibacterial ability against five bacteria strains. Pe and Ge could be further studied for their potential to be developed as antioxidant or antibacterial candidates.

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Volodin, A. D., A. L. Efimenko, A. V. Gorlin, and D. A. Kuzmin. "Signal Synchronization, Collection and Transmission for Multichannel Distribution Seismic Antenna." Journal of the Russian Universities. Radioelectronics, no. 1 (April 17, 2018): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/1993-8985-2018-21-1-25-31.

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Creation of seismic antennas involves production of a system capable to provide synchronous analog-to- digital data signal conversion of all channels and to broadcast digitized signals to the central computing complex (CCC). The article considers a structure of data transmission system from a big number of sources for application in seismic antennas. Moreover, it provides possible ways of preprocessing equipment (PE) unit arrangement in separate hermetic blocks to facilitate their replacement. Besides, the options for PE unit structural and functional schemes are offered. Application of specific chips is explained. The review of the most widespread types of digital convertors is given and the optimal one is chosen for application in hydro acoustic complexes. The option of synchronization with the use of phase-locked loop PLL units is offered. Configuration of data transmission system with the use of Ethernet switchboard setting optimal data transmission protocol is considered.

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Sanikidze, Tamar V., Levan A. Cheishvili, Nana V. Kipiani, Eka R. Shekiladze, Nina V. Kipiani, Gubaz Z. Sharashenidze, and Eduard N. Chikvaidze. "Role of the Nitric Oxide (NO) in the Regulation of Steroidogenesis in Placenta During Physiological Pregnancy and Preeclampsia (Experimental Study)." Current Topics in Biophysics 42, no. 1 (December 1, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ctb-2019-0003.

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AbstractThe aim of the study was to establish the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the regulation of steroidogenesis in the placenta during physiological pregnancy and experimental preeclampsia (PE) in rats. EPR centers of the placenta, free NO and its metabolites were determined by the Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) method. At the last stage of pregnancy in the EPR spectra of the rats’ placenta with PE alterations of the signals intensity of mitochondrial steroidogenic electron transport proteins were detected: the FeS-centers of adrenodoxin decreased, the ferricytochrome P-450 increased, the free NO content decreased, and the complexes of NO with heme (HbNO) and non-heme iron (FeSNO) were detected. These data indicate the violation of placental steroidogenesis, which is confirmed by a decrease in the level of progesterone in blood. Therefore, the nitrosylation of mitochondrial proteins is an important redox-dependent mechanism of regulation of the intensity of steroidogenesis.

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48

Gansukh, Badral, Qiuyue Zhang, Chantsalnyam Bariashir, Arumugam Vignesh, Yanping Ma, Tongling Liang, and Wen-Hua Sun. "Unifying Molecular Weights of Highly Linear Polyethylene Waxes through Unsymmetrical 2,4-Bis(imino)pyridylchromium Chlorides." Molecules 25, no. 23 (November 27, 2020): 5584. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25235584.

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By dealing CrCl3∙3THF with the corresponding ligands (L1–L5), an array of fluoro-substituted chromium (III) chlorides (Cr1–Cr5) bearing 2-[1-(2,4-dibenzhydryl-6-fluoro- phenylimino)ethyl]-6-[1-(arylimino)ethyl]pyridine (aryl = 2,6-Me2Ph Cr1, 2,6-Et2Ph Cr2, 2,6-iPr2Ph Cr3, 2,4,6-Me3Ph Cr4, 2,6-Et2-4-MePh Cr5) was synthesized in good yield and validated via Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Besides the routine characterizations, the single-crystal X-ray diffraction study revealed the solid-state structures of complexes Cr2 and Cr4 as the distorted-octahedral geometry around the chromium center. Activated by either methylaluminoxane (MAO) or modified methylaluminoxane (MMAO), all the chromium catalysts exhibited high activities toward ethylene polymerization with the MMAO-promoted polymerizations far more productive than with MAO (20.14 × 106 g (PE) mol−1 (Cr) h−1 vs. 10.03 × 106 g (PE) mol−1 (Cr) h−1). In both cases, the resultant polyethylenes were found as highly linear polyethylene waxes with low molecular weights around 1–2 kg mol−1 and narrow molecular weight distribution (MWD range: 1.68–2.25). In general, both the catalytic performance of the ortho-fluorinated chromium complexes and polymer properties have been the subject of a detailed investigation and proved to be highly dependent on the polymerization reaction parameters (including cocatalyst type and amount, reaction temperature, ethylene pressure and run time).

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Ciortea, Diana-Andreea, Corneliu Petru Popescu, Laura Ene, Mihaela Zaharia, Aurelia Bumbu, Maria Nica, Simin Aysel Florescu, and Emanoil Ceauşu. "Subacute infective endocarditis with Streptococcus mutans on native valve." Romanian Journal of Infectious Diseases 18, no. 2-3 (September 30, 2015): 108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjid.2015.2-3.10.

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Infective endocarditis is a diagnostic challenge with a variety of clinical forms, acute or subacute onset and severe complications by septic embolism or manifestations of immune response with production of antigenantibody complexes. We present a 63-year-old adult case, diagnosed with chronic renal failure, a month before admission to „Dr. Victor Babeş“ Clinical Hospital of Infectious and Tropical Diseases and transferred with suspicion of bacterial endocarditis on native valve. Diagnosis is confirmed by presence of two major Duke criteria: echocardiographic demonstrated valvular involvement, and identification of the pathogen agent – Streptococcus mutans in blood cultures. After completing four weeks of antibiotic treatment, surgical intervention was required. Surgery has been performed, and prosthetic valve in mitral position was used. The patient returns to the clinic for antibiotic treatment (consolidation) for two weeks. After the patient has been discharged, he neglected cardiology treatment administration, leading to a hemorrhagic stroke and irreversible cardiopulmonary arrest. The specific feature of the case lies in the fact that kidney damage was the main onset event of subacute bacterial endocarditis.

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Noda, Nobuo. "Structural basis of Atg conjugation systems essential for autophagy." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314096971.

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Autophagy is an evolutionarily-conserved, intracellular degradation system for which two ubiquitin-like modifiers, Atg8 and Atg12, play essential roles. After processed by Atg4, the exposed C-terminal glycine of Atg8 is activated by Atg7 (E1) and is then transferred to Atg3 (E2), and is finally conjugated with a phospholipid, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) through an amide bond. Whereas, Atg12 is activated by the same E1, Atg7, without processing, and is then transferred to Atg10 (E2), and is finally conjugated with Atg5 through an isopeptide bond. Atg12-Atg5 conjugates, together with Atg16, function as an E3-like enzyme to facilitate the conjugation reaction between Atg8 and PE. During autophagy, Atg8-PE conjugates play a critical role in selective cargo recognition in addition to autophagosome formation. We determined the structures of all these Atg proteins and their complexes mainly by X-ray crystallography, and performed structure-based biochemical analyses on them [1,2]. These studies established the molecular mechanisms of Atg8 and Atg12 modification reactions that have many unique features compared with canonical ubiquitin-like systems. Furthermore, we found a conserved motif named the Atg8-family interacting motif (AIM), through which Atg8 recognizes specific cargoes and selectively incorporates them into autophagosomes for degradation [3].

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Journal articles on the topic 'PE complexes'

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