Academic literature on the topic 'Peace-building in literature'

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review current literature on peace leadership and youth leadership. It aims to shed a light on the extent to which peace leadership can afford youth leaders and youth peace activists to engage in peace processes and peacebuilding initiatives. By understanding how notions of peace leadership are realized in youth leadership practices, the paper hopes to contribute to the ongoing dialogue on advancing the practice of peace leadership for present and future young leaders. Design/methodology/approach The literature review explored peace leadership from the approaches of peacebuilding processes, nonviolence, and an integral perspective; expanded the current understanding of youth leadership by presenting the theoretical foundations and the role of youth in leadership that align with an advanced view of youth leadership; and described the intersection of peace leadership and youth leadership by identifying how youth leadership is related to peace leadership within three overarching contexts: political systems, schools, and communities. Findings The literature review highlights the reciprocity between peace leadership and youth leadership. It identifies nonviolence, communication, dialogue, conflict resolution, mediation, building social capital, and relationship building as practices in which youth leaders engage in to promote peaceful and sustainable change in varying contexts. Originality/value This review of the literature presents the need for further research on the intersection of peace leadership with youth leadership to help advance both areas within the field of leadership studies and understand how peace leadership for youth informs leadership theory and practice across contexts and areas of discipline.

Abstract The notions of democracy, peace-building and citizenship are all contested and multifaceted in the literature in terms of their meaning and their application in schools and other learning settings. This article is an attempt to explore the trajectories of democracy, peace-building and citizenship education in conflict zones, societies transitioning out of violent conflict and relatively democratic societies. After delving into the intersectionality of democracy, peace-building and citizenship education, the article highlights essential theoretical and practical peace-building citizenship approaches including education for humanization, human rights education, culturally relevant pedagogy and pedagogy of hope. In addition the author theorizes the components essential for the attainability of democratic peace-building citizenship education.

AbstractIn spite of the fact that UN peacekeeping operations are a relative new field for scholarly research, the literature on the subject has grown into a substantial body. This article distils from this body of scholarly literature eleven clusters of factors for success and failure for UN peacekeeping operations in general and tests these on four case studies – Cambodia, Mozambique, Rwanda and El Salvador – of one particular type of UN peacekeeping operation: the UN peace-building operations. It concludes that although the results of the four cases of UN peace-building operations largely confirm the factors for success and failure as found in literature for UN peacekeeping operations in general, theory on UN peace-building operations still needs adjustment and fine tuning. Amongst others, it appears from the cases that two factors that receive a lot of attention in literature – the non-use of force by the operation and the need for a clear and detailed mandate – are less important.

This paper aims to explain the efforts and contributions made by the Government of Indonesia in assisting the peace process in Afghanistan. This study focuses on peacebuilding efforts undertaken by the Government of Indonesia for Afghanistan. This qualitative research with literature studies explains that the peace process in Afghanistan has been going on for a long time, as the conflict has occurred and has involved many parties. The peace process in Afghanistan involves the United Nations (UN), Afghanistan's neighboring countries, major countries, and other international communities including Indonesia. Indonesia's role in the Afghan peace process is not only by garnering support from the international community to continue to help peace in Afghanistan, but also primarily through peace-building through cooperation in the development and capacity building of the government and the people of Afghanistan. Indonesia's efforts to promote peace in Afghanistan also have the support of the international and domestic Afghan community. Peace-building efforts through various capacity building programs in several fields carried out by Indonesia are one of the important steps as a strategy to prevent conflict from returning and which are oriented towards sustainable and long-term peace building in post-conflict Afghanistan. This is Indonesia's contribution to helping create Afghanistan as a safe, democratic and prosperous country as well as for world peace.

Dalam masyarakat agama seringkali menampilkan pemahaman yang sempit hinggal melahirkan violence dan war. Agama yang seringkali dihadirkan dalam ruang yang sempit, yang hanya menjadi legitimasi atas berbagai peperangan dan diskriminasi (holy wars) yang merupakan bentuk “jihad” demi membela kebenaran. Pada konteks masyarakat multikultural pemahaman agama seringkali dihadirkan dalam mujud yang kehilangan substansi nilai universal dan toleransi. Seharusnya nilai-nailai agama diwujudkan dalam pola perilaku sosial humanity yang menyejukkan, toleran, dan tidak diskriminasi, sehingga penting religious peace building menjadi paradigm kolektif dalam kehidupan social-religious yang menyatukan unsur-unsur keberagaman dalam masyarakat multikultural. Penelitian ini dalam kerangka analisis sosiologis, dengan menganalisis data-data literatur sebagai data primer. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian literature dengan metode literature review perspektif sosiologis yang berusaha memahami pemahaman dan pemikran ked alam konteks sosialogis tindakan sosial,. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkap bahwa secara sosiologis pemahaman dan pemikiran atas nilai-nilai agama yang bersifat terbuka, toleransi, anti diskriminasi, universal dan menyejukkanperlu dibangun sebagai tindakan tindakan dan nilai-nilai dalam sistem sosio religious dalam memelihara keberangaman dan perdamaian.

The term peacebuilding has gained traction in academic works since introduction in the 1960s. In recent decades, sport for development and peace (SDP) has also captured the interest of the academic community, with a growing field of work. This scoping review identifies and considers the academic literature on SDP projects deployed as peacebuilding tools in post-conflict communities, to gain a greater understanding of those projects and draw inferences from them collectively. Using strict inclusion criteria, results of database searches were narrowed down to 30 publications, which the review explored through comparing the publications and their findings, to reveal the range of disciplines this research is emerging from, the countries projects are operating in, the demographics targeted, and other key data. The resulting conclusion is that there is scope for more targeted studies to clarify specific demographics to include, whether there is an ideal age to engage with youth, or an optimal timeframe for involvement. Many of the publications reference the importance of being part of broader initiatives, but the best context in which to utilise sport, and how much of an impact is being made on the wider communities, is yet to be determined.

Environmental peacebuilding represents a paradigm shift from a nexus of environmental scarcity to one of environmental peace. It rests on the assumption that the biophysical environment’s inherent characteristics can act as incentives for cooperation and peace, rather than violence and competition. Based on this, environmental peacebuilding presents cooperation as a win-win solution and escape from the zero-sum logic of conflict. However, there is a lack of coherent environmental peacebuilding framework and evidence corroborating the existence of this environment-peace nexus. Building on a multidisciplinary literature review, this article examines the evolution of environmental peacebuilding into an emerging framework. It unpacks the concept and explains its main building blocks (conditions, mechanisms and outcomes) to develop our understanding of when, how and why environmental cooperation can serve as a peacebuilding tool. It assembles these building blocks into three generic trajectories (technical, restorative and sustainable environmental peacebuilding), each characterised according to their own causality, drivers and prerequisites, and illustrated with concrete examples. Finally, this article draws attention to the remaining theoretical gaps in the environmental peacebuilding literature, and lays the foundations for an environmental peacebuilding research agenda that clarifies if and how environmental cooperation can spill over across borders, sectors and scales towards sustainable peace.

Sports are not just for fun and recreation but entail responsibilities to promote human development, and peace-building. Through a mixed method causal research that utilized personal interviews, this research summarized the perceptions of combined 113 San Beda University players and coaches - actively involved in Philippines National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA),the associations of variables based on Spearman rho of the levels of characteristics of sports, human development, peace and peace-building efforts. Characteristics of sports relevant to peace and peace-building affect the level of human development of coaches and athletes. The characteristics of sports also affect the level of peace-building efforts. However, characteristics of sports are not associated with the achievement of peace in a broader scope because variety of factors and different actors are involved. The individual coach and athlete’s preference and accessibility on sports are determinants of human development, and peace-building. If the coaches and athletes liked their sports, strongly believed that their sports contributed to physical fitness, mental well-being and social interaction,and strongly believed that sports gave them experiences and enabled them to access individuals or groups of different cultures and levels of ability, then, they also strongly perceived that their sports promoted holistic well-being, and normal life span as healthy people, allowed themselves to express themselves, and be recognized as they enjoyed sports for leisure and affiliation. Coaches and athletes are encouraged to conduct annual orientation and training about infusing the objectives for human development and peace-building, and continuously improve the process. The researcher recommends further study towards higher level of statistical generalization for the NCAA community through quantitative research methods, regression analysis, mediation, and moderation analysis.ReferencesAnderson D. R., Sweeney, D. J., & Thomas, W. A. (2015). Modern business statistics (4th ed.). Cengage Learning Asia Pte Ltd.Blagojevic, B. (2012). Sports and peace, In Gilbert & Bennett (Ed.). Sport, peace and development (pp. 117-130). Common Ground Publishing LLC.Cardenas, A. (2013).Peace building through sport? An introduction to sport for development and peace. Journal of Conflictology, 4(1), 24-33. http://journal-of-conflictology.uoc.eduCardenas, A. (2016). Sport and peace-building in divided societies: A case study on Colombia and Northern Ireland. Peace and Conflict Studies, 23(2), 4. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/pcs/vol23/iss2/4Fram, S. M. (2013). The constant comparative analysis method outside of grounded theory. 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Abstract The introduction briefly summarizes the thematic chapters in the book (conflict prevention, mediation and management; post-conflict reconstruction, justice and DDR; the role of women, religion, humanitarianism, grassroots organizations and early warning systems; and regional and continental bodies) as well as the country/region case studies (the Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Sudan/South Sudan, Mozambique and the Sahel/Mali). The introduction also outlines the key conceptual and definitional challenges and explains what sets this volume apart from others in the ever-expanding literature on peacebuilding in Africa. Of several recurrent themes in the book that merit closer scrutiny, the introduction highlights: funding challenges; managing expectations; tensions between grassroots dynamics and peace-building at the elite level; varying effectiveness of regional economic communities and the African Union; and frequent lack of coordination between donors and partners on the ground.

AbstractThe parliamentary assemblies of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe and the Council of Europe have reputations as bridge-building institutions between western and post-socialist countries. However, territorial disputes between member states pose a challenge to the parliamentary diplomacy of these international parliamentary institutions (IPIs). This article examines how IPIs address conflicts in the cases of two small states facing “frozen” secessionist conflicts, where Russia’s hegemony is involved, namely Georgia with its territorial disputes in South Ossetia and Abkhazia along with Moldova and its secessionist dispute with Transnistria. This contribution unpacks IPI strategies by applying conceptual approaches from parliamentary diplomacy, conflict management and small-states literature, as well as the respective arguments on hegemonic strategies.

Since the existence of humanity, there have been various conflicts and wars. Conflict and war setting causes people to lose their lives and deteriorate their living spaces and sociological environment. In order to prevent this kind of negativity, it can be stated that the disputes between people or societies must be solved before they turn into conflict or war. Leadership is vital to the success of efforts to create peace by ending the conflict or war. In this regard, it is important to identify community leaders who take actions to create peace. In the literature, the concept of peace leadership emerged as a relatively new phenomenon. Therefore, this chapter examines how leadership can be effective in creating and sustaining peace, the concept of peace leadership, and the characteristics, skills, and roles of peace leaders.

Peace education programmes have rapidly gained worldwide popularity, as states, civil society organizations and international agencies progressively recognise their importance. However, it is argued that youth should be a target of these programmes, and this is bolstered by economic and political considerations. The literature on the construction of peace education programming for youths is limited, especially in conflict settings. Thus, this chapter examines the conceptual debate about peace education programmes as vehicle for youths who are involved in growing conflict. Hence, this chapter provides an account of the cumulative body of knowledge of how youths conceptualise education programmes, and evaluate them as preparation for promoting peacebuilding. We believe that this chapter provides a beneficial means to explore the role of education for creating peace in areas of conflict, increase credibility in peace-building, and push youths forward to participate in peace programmes in the area of education.

Responding to a provocative question by Hiroharu Seki about Hiroshima ontologies, this chapter reviews related thinking about the ontological primitives appropriate for event-data making, accessing high-performance knowledge bases, and modeling intelligent complex adaptive systems of use to researchers on war and peace. It cautions against “Cliocide,” defined as of the “silencing” or symbolic killing of collective historical-political or historical-disciplinary identities and identifying practices by historical or discipline deficient “scientific” coding practices. It proposes that more intelligent multi-agent models in the “complex, adaptive systems” tradition of the Santa Fe Institute should include the socially shared memories of nations and international societies, including their identity-redefining traumas and their relational/migrational/ecological histories of community-building success and failure. Historicity in an ontologically distinctive sense of the “time ordered self-understandings of a continuing human society” is still a challenge for the computationally oriented literature on war and peace.

African tribal societies still rely upon indigenous conflict resolution systems as well as cultural sources to uphold the values of peace, tolerance, solidarity, and respect for one another. The purpose of this chapter was to examine the efficacy of indigenous conflict resolution systems in building peace and promoting social solidarity among indigenous communities in South Africa. Data collection was largely based on critical review of literature relating to the application of indigenous conflict resolution systems in resolving conflicts among indigenous communities. Social capital, Ubuntu, and social solidarity were also used as underpinning theories to guide the study. Findings revealed territorial expansion, resource competition, inheritance or land boundaries, misunderstanding over succession, indebtedness, chieftaincy, adulterous affairs, family property, breach of contract, murder, allegations of bewitchment, theft, matrimonial fall-outs, and cattle raiding as the main causes of violence conflict in indigenous communities. However, the absence of clear policy in the application of indigenous conflict resolution system has been found to be a limiting factor, although these systems are effective in resolving conflicts, building peace, and promoting social solidarity among indigenous communities. Socio-cultural norms and values embedded in indigenous communities have remained an integral part of every organized society. The study thus recommended the establishment of indigenous institutions of governance based on norms, values and principles of conflict resolution and peace building.

African tribal societies still rely upon indigenous conflict resolution systems as well as cultural sources to uphold the values of peace, tolerance, solidarity, and respect for one another. The purpose of this chapter was to examine the efficacy of indigenous conflict resolution systems in building peace and promoting social solidarity among indigenous communities in South Africa. Data collection was largely based on critical review of literature relating to the application of indigenous conflict resolution systems in resolving conflicts among indigenous communities. Social capital, Ubuntu, and social solidarity were also used as underpinning theories to guide the study. Findings revealed territorial expansion, resource competition, inheritance or land boundaries, misunderstanding over succession, indebtedness, chieftaincy, adulterous affairs, family property, breach of contract, murder, allegations of bewitchment, theft, matrimonial fall-outs, and cattle raiding as the main causes of violence conflict in indigenous communities. However, the absence of clear policy in the application of indigenous conflict resolution system has been found to be a limiting factor, although these systems are effective in resolving conflicts, building peace, and promoting social solidarity among indigenous communities. Socio-cultural norms and values embedded in indigenous communities have remained an integral part of every organized society. The study thus recommended the establishment of indigenous institutions of governance based on norms, values and principles of conflict resolution and peace building.

The civil war in Somalia has severely affected the diversity of Somalia's cities. Having once been inclusive, they became dominated by certain clans, causing some groups to feel excluded from rights, resources, power, or political life. This chapter explores the role of inclusivity in Somali elite bargains and political settlements, and how inclusivity — treated as a universal concept in the peace-building literature — may need to be contextualized in the Somali setting to fully appreciate its importance in Somali discourse and politics. The chapter considers the question of ethnic or clan inclusion/exclusion, while recognizing that there are many other types of exclusion, most notably along gender lines, that merit attention. Specifically, it focuses on inclusion and exclusion with regard to rights and access to resources and security in major Somali cities.

Beginning with an apologetically periphrastic account of Virginia Woolf’s 1932 essay ‘How Should One Read a Book?’, this essay identifies paraphrase as a key tool within a guiding principle of ‘accompaniment’ through which Woolf, in The Common Reader, sought to inculcate a love of the reading of literature. Other recurrent tropes in Woolf’s essays concern the ‘fabric’ of texts, and of the concept of literature in general, and of the principle of construction of building rather than dismantling agreement and consensus, even to the extent of ‘submitting’ to author/text and to their authority. It is argued that the prefix ‘com’ grounds a theory of the democratic and peaceable commonality of reading practice in Woolf, and that this theory anticipates aspects of a post-critical turn in twenty-first century literary criticism, analogous to Latour’s ‘compositionism’ (2010) and located in the work of critics such Felski, Attridge, Love, and Best and Marcus on ‘surface reading’. Nevertheless, by way of Robbins’s (2017) commentary on this critical tendency, it is concluded that Woolf’s insistence upon the necessity of severe critical judgement, and hence of critique and critical distance, is itself not incompatible with a reading practice oriented towards peace and the love of reading.

In this exploratory article, the authors investigate if and how sport may be used as a tool to advance Peace Support Operations’ (PSO) success. This is done based on a review of existing literature both in the Sport for Development and Peace (SDP) and PSO fields, as well as information on relevant activities going on “in the field” and a first round of interviews with Colombian and German officers. The authors start with an examination of sport as a tool for peace-building and the nexus between sport and the military. Outlining the characteristics and challenges of today’s complex PSO’s, they identify docking points and ways of how sport may be used to mitigate those challenges. The authors focus on four areas: multinational military-military cooperation, international civil-military interaction and PSO’s relations with the local population and the local authorities and armed forces. Acknowledging some restraints due to the nature of these operations’ constellations and dynamics, they propose six preliminary models for the use of sport to support mission success and encourage academia, the military and SDP practitioners to look further into the field.

This report aims to identify a selection of programmes and projects undertaken by countries under their respective National Action Plans. It focuses on discrete, large-scale initiatives that specifically target aspects of the WPS agenda and aim to influence change outside the implementing agencies, rather than changing agencies’ own policies and practices. Common themes that appear frequently across these programmes and projects include: supporting global pools of technical capacity on WPS and on peacebuilding generally; training military, police, and other personnel from partner countries, including building women’s professional capacities as well as training personnel in WPS-related good practices; supporting WPS networks and forums to share experience and expertise; extensive use of multilateral mechanisms for channelling funding and for sharing technical capacity; extensive support to and collaboration with civil society organisations; initiatives focusing on combating violent extremism and counter-terrorism; initiatives focusing on preventing sexual exploitation and abuse in peacekeeping and humanitarian contexts; a wide range of commitments to stopping gender-based violence; and support for sexual and reproductive health initiatives. All of the countries discussed in this report also undertake considerable efforts to change policies and practices within their own agencies. In addition, all of the countries discussed in this report undertake a range of initiatives focused on individual countries; smaller donors, in particular, often focus many of their own programmes on single countries while using multilateral mechanisms to engage at the regional and global scales. However, in accordance with the terms of reference for this report, these types of activities are not discussed below. In the time available for this report, it was possible to review six countries’ activities. These countries were selected for inclusion because they had sufficient documentation readily accessible in the form of action plans, implementation plans, and progress reports; they are donor countries with significant international activities that may be considered peers to the UK; and/or they have been cited in the literature as being leaders in promoting the WPS agenda.