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Cutter, Ana. "Peace building: a literature review." Development in Practice 15, no. 6 (November 2005): 778–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09614520500296682.
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Alomair, Miznah Omair. "Peace leadership for youth leaders: a literature review." International Journal of Public Leadership 12, no. 3 (August 8, 2016): 227–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpl-04-2016-0017.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review current literature on peace leadership and youth leadership. It aims to shed a light on the extent to which peace leadership can afford youth leaders and youth peace activists to engage in peace processes and peacebuilding initiatives. By understanding how notions of peace leadership are realized in youth leadership practices, the paper hopes to contribute to the ongoing dialogue on advancing the practice of peace leadership for present and future young leaders. Design/methodology/approach The literature review explored peace leadership from the approaches of peacebuilding processes, nonviolence, and an integral perspective; expanded the current understanding of youth leadership by presenting the theoretical foundations and the role of youth in leadership that align with an advanced view of youth leadership; and described the intersection of peace leadership and youth leadership by identifying how youth leadership is related to peace leadership within three overarching contexts: political systems, schools, and communities. Findings The literature review highlights the reciprocity between peace leadership and youth leadership. It identifies nonviolence, communication, dialogue, conflict resolution, mediation, building social capital, and relationship building as practices in which youth leaders engage in to promote peaceful and sustainable change in varying contexts. Originality/value This review of the literature presents the need for further research on the intersection of peace leadership with youth leadership to help advance both areas within the field of leadership studies and understand how peace leadership for youth informs leadership theory and practice across contexts and areas of discipline.
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Torres-Yu, Rosario. "Mainstreaming Peace Education in Filipino Children's Literature: Implications for a Culture of Peace Building." International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences: Annual Review 2, no. 2 (2007): 223–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/1833-1882/cgp/v02i02/59325.
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Awad, Yomna R. "Food for thought: The trajectories of democratic peace-building citizenship education." Citizenship Teaching & Learning 14, no. 3 (October 1, 2019): 347–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ctl_00014_1.
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Abstract The notions of democracy, peace-building and citizenship are all contested and multifaceted in the literature in terms of their meaning and their application in schools and other learning settings. This article is an attempt to explore the trajectories of democracy, peace-building and citizenship education in conflict zones, societies transitioning out of violent conflict and relatively democratic societies. After delving into the intersectionality of democracy, peace-building and citizenship education, the article highlights essential theoretical and practical peace-building citizenship approaches including education for humanization, human rights education, culturally relevant pedagogy and pedagogy of hope. In addition the author theorizes the components essential for the attainability of democratic peace-building citizenship education.
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van der Lijn, Jaïr. "If Only There Were a Blueprint! Factors for Success and Failure of UN Peace-Building Operations." Journal of International Peacekeeping 13, no. 1-2 (2009): 45–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187541109x402981.
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AbstractIn spite of the fact that UN peacekeeping operations are a relative new field for scholarly research, the literature on the subject has grown into a substantial body. This article distils from this body of scholarly literature eleven clusters of factors for success and failure for UN peacekeeping operations in general and tests these on four case studies – Cambodia, Mozambique, Rwanda and El Salvador – of one particular type of UN peacekeeping operation: the UN peace-building operations. It concludes that although the results of the four cases of UN peace-building operations largely confirm the factors for success and failure as found in literature for UN peacekeeping operations in general, theory on UN peace-building operations still needs adjustment and fine tuning. Amongst others, it appears from the cases that two factors that receive a lot of attention in literature – the non-use of force by the operation and the need for a clear and detailed mandate – are less important.
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Sugara, Robi. "Upaya dan Kontribusi Indonesia dalam Proses Perdamaian di Afghanistan Melalui Bina-Damai." MUKADIMAH: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sejarah, dan Ilmu-ilmu Sosial 5, no. 1 (February 7, 2021): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.30743/mkd.v5i1.3414.
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This paper aims to explain the efforts and contributions made by the Government of Indonesia in assisting the peace process in Afghanistan. This study focuses on peacebuilding efforts undertaken by the Government of Indonesia for Afghanistan. This qualitative research with literature studies explains that the peace process in Afghanistan has been going on for a long time, as the conflict has occurred and has involved many parties. The peace process in Afghanistan involves the United Nations (UN), Afghanistan's neighboring countries, major countries, and other international communities including Indonesia. Indonesia's role in the Afghan peace process is not only by garnering support from the international community to continue to help peace in Afghanistan, but also primarily through peace-building through cooperation in the development and capacity building of the government and the people of Afghanistan. Indonesia's efforts to promote peace in Afghanistan also have the support of the international and domestic Afghan community. Peace-building efforts through various capacity building programs in several fields carried out by Indonesia are one of the important steps as a strategy to prevent conflict from returning and which are oriented towards sustainable and long-term peace building in post-conflict Afghanistan. This is Indonesia's contribution to helping create Afghanistan as a safe, democratic and prosperous country as well as for world peace.
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Sutarto, Dendi. "Religious Peace Building; Dalam Masyarakat Multikultural Perspektif Sosiologi Agama." JURNAL TRIAS POLITIKA 4, no. 2 (November 30, 2020): 173–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.33373/jtp.v4i2.2758.
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Dalam masyarakat agama seringkali menampilkan pemahaman yang sempit hinggal melahirkan violence dan war. Agama yang seringkali dihadirkan dalam ruang yang sempit, yang hanya menjadi legitimasi atas berbagai peperangan dan diskriminasi (holy wars) yang merupakan bentuk “jihad” demi membela kebenaran. Pada konteks masyarakat multikultural pemahaman agama seringkali dihadirkan dalam mujud yang kehilangan substansi nilai universal dan toleransi. Seharusnya nilai-nailai agama diwujudkan dalam pola perilaku sosial humanity yang menyejukkan, toleran, dan tidak diskriminasi, sehingga penting religious peace building menjadi paradigm kolektif dalam kehidupan social-religious yang menyatukan unsur-unsur keberagaman dalam masyarakat multikultural. Penelitian ini dalam kerangka analisis sosiologis, dengan menganalisis data-data literatur sebagai data primer. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian literature dengan metode literature review perspektif sosiologis yang berusaha memahami pemahaman dan pemikran ked alam konteks sosialogis tindakan sosial,. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkap bahwa secara sosiologis pemahaman dan pemikiran atas nilai-nilai agama yang bersifat terbuka, toleransi, anti diskriminasi, universal dan menyejukkanperlu dibangun sebagai tindakan tindakan dan nilai-nilai dalam sistem sosio religious dalam memelihara keberangaman dan perdamaian.
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Clarke, Felicity, Aled Jones, and Lee Smith. "Building Peace through Sports Projects: A Scoping Review." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 17, 2021): 2129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13042129.
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The term peacebuilding has gained traction in academic works since introduction in the 1960s. In recent decades, sport for development and peace (SDP) has also captured the interest of the academic community, with a growing field of work. This scoping review identifies and considers the academic literature on SDP projects deployed as peacebuilding tools in post-conflict communities, to gain a greater understanding of those projects and draw inferences from them collectively. Using strict inclusion criteria, results of database searches were narrowed down to 30 publications, which the review explored through comparing the publications and their findings, to reveal the range of disciplines this research is emerging from, the countries projects are operating in, the demographics targeted, and other key data. The resulting conclusion is that there is scope for more targeted studies to clarify specific demographics to include, whether there is an ideal age to engage with youth, or an optimal timeframe for involvement. Many of the publications reference the importance of being part of broader initiatives, but the best context in which to utilise sport, and how much of an impact is being made on the wider communities, is yet to be determined.
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Dresse, Anaïs, Itay Fischhendler, Jonas Østergaard Nielsen, and Dimitrios Zikos. "Environmental peacebuilding: Towards a theoretical framework." Cooperation and Conflict 54, no. 1 (November 9, 2018): 99–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010836718808331.
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Environmental peacebuilding represents a paradigm shift from a nexus of environmental scarcity to one of environmental peace. It rests on the assumption that the biophysical environment’s inherent characteristics can act as incentives for cooperation and peace, rather than violence and competition. Based on this, environmental peacebuilding presents cooperation as a win-win solution and escape from the zero-sum logic of conflict. However, there is a lack of coherent environmental peacebuilding framework and evidence corroborating the existence of this environment-peace nexus. Building on a multidisciplinary literature review, this article examines the evolution of environmental peacebuilding into an emerging framework. It unpacks the concept and explains its main building blocks (conditions, mechanisms and outcomes) to develop our understanding of when, how and why environmental cooperation can serve as a peacebuilding tool. It assembles these building blocks into three generic trajectories (technical, restorative and sustainable environmental peacebuilding), each characterised according to their own causality, drivers and prerequisites, and illustrated with concrete examples. Finally, this article draws attention to the remaining theoretical gaps in the environmental peacebuilding literature, and lays the foundations for an environmental peacebuilding research agenda that clarifies if and how environmental cooperation can spill over across borders, sectors and scales towards sustainable peace.
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Matitu, Bayani. "Role of Sports in Peace-Building: Insights from NCAA Community." Bedan Research Journal 5, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 84–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.58870/berj.v5i1.13.
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Sports are not just for fun and recreation but entail responsibilities to promote human development, and peace-building. Through a mixed method causal research that utilized personal interviews, this research summarized the perceptions of combined 113 San Beda University players and coaches - actively involved in Philippines National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA),the associations of variables based on Spearman rho of the levels of characteristics of sports, human development, peace and peace-building efforts. Characteristics of sports relevant to peace and peace-building affect the level of human development of coaches and athletes. The characteristics of sports also affect the level of peace-building efforts. However, characteristics of sports are not associated with the achievement of peace in a broader scope because variety of factors and different actors are involved. The individual coach and athlete’s preference and accessibility on sports are determinants of human development, and peace-building. If the coaches and athletes liked their sports, strongly believed that their sports contributed to physical fitness, mental well-being and social interaction,and strongly believed that sports gave them experiences and enabled them to access individuals or groups of different cultures and levels of ability, then, they also strongly perceived that their sports promoted holistic well-being, and normal life span as healthy people, allowed themselves to express themselves, and be recognized as they enjoyed sports for leisure and affiliation. Coaches and athletes are encouraged to conduct annual orientation and training about infusing the objectives for human development and peace-building, and continuously improve the process. The researcher recommends further study towards higher level of statistical generalization for the NCAA community through quantitative research methods, regression analysis, mediation, and moderation analysis.ReferencesAnderson D. R., Sweeney, D. J., & Thomas, W. A. (2015). Modern business statistics (4th ed.). Cengage Learning Asia Pte Ltd.Blagojevic, B. (2012). Sports and peace, In Gilbert & Bennett (Ed.). Sport, peace and development (pp. 117-130). Common Ground Publishing LLC.Cardenas, A. (2013).Peace building through sport? An introduction to sport for development and peace. Journal of Conflictology, 4(1), 24-33. http://journal-of-conflictology.uoc.eduCardenas, A. (2016). Sport and peace-building in divided societies: A case study on Colombia and Northern Ireland. Peace and Conflict Studies, 23(2), 4. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/pcs/vol23/iss2/4Fram, S. M. (2013). The constant comparative analysis method outside of grounded theory. The Qualitative Report, 18(1), 1-25. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/tqr/vol18/iss1/1Giulianotti, R. (2010). Sport, peacemaking and conflict resolution: A contextual analysis and modelling of the sport, development and peace’ sector. http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/rers ethnic@surrey.ac.ukGiulianotti, R. (2011). The sport, development, and peace sector: A model of four social policy domains. Journal of Social Policy, 40(4),757-776. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047279410000930Giulianotti, R., Hognestad, H. & Spaaij, R. (2016). Sport for development and peace: Power, politics, and patronage. Journal of Global Sport Management, 1(3-4),129-141. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/ 24203Ha, J-P. & Lyras, A. (2013). Sport for refugee youth in a new society: The role of acculturation in sport for development and peace programming. South African Journal for Research in Sport, Physical Education and Recreation, 2013, 35(2), 121-140. https://www.researchgate.net/ publication/287776946Institute for Economics & Peace (2018). Positive peace report 2018: Analyzing the factors that sustain peace. http://visionofhumanity.org/reportsInstitute for Economics & Peace (2019). Global peace index 2019: Measuring peace in a complex world. http://vision of humanity.org/reportsLoewenstein, G., Cain, D. M. & Sah, S. (2011). The limits of transparency: Pitfalls and potential of disclosing conflicts of interest. American Economic Review: Papers and Proceedings, 101(3), 423–428. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.101.3.423Meschoulam, M., Hacker, A. J., Carbajal, F., de Benito, C., Blumenkron, C. & Talia R. (2015). Values, perceptions, and peace-building: An expanded qualitative study in Mexico. International Journal of Peace Studies,20(1).Miller, B. (2014). Free statistics and materials. https://openstat.info/OpenStatMain.htmPluye, P., Gagnon, M. P., Groffiths, F.& Johnson-Lafleur, J. (2009). A scoring system for appraising mixed methods research, and concomitantly appraising qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods primary studies in mixed studies reviews. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 46, 529-546. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.ijnurstu.2009.01.009Nygard, H. M. & Gates, S. (2013). Soft power at home and abroad: Sport diplomacy, politics and peace-building. International Area Studies Review, 16(3), 235–243. https://doi.org/10.1177/2233865913502971Shrag, M. J. (2012). The case for peace-building as sport’s next great legacy: A literature review, assessment, and suggestions for applying the slow child in the emergent field of sport for development and peace. (UnpublishedPaper). https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/bitstream/handle/2142/31187/Schrag_Myles.pdf?sequence=1Schulenkorf, N. &Sugden, J. (2011). Sport for development and peace in divided societies: Cooperating for inter-community empowerment in Israel. European Journal for Sport and Society, 8(4), 235-256.Schulenkorf, N., Sherry, N. & Rowe, K. (2016). Sport for development: An integrated literature review. Journal of Sport Management, 30, 22-39. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2014-0263Spaaij, R. (2009). The social impact of sport: diversities, complexities and contexts. Sport in Society, 12(9), 1109-1117. https://doi.org /10.1080/17430430903137746Spaaij, R. & Ruth J. (n.d.). Education for social change? A freirean critique of sport for development and peace. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 18(4), 442-457.UN Inter-Agency Task Force on Sport for Development and Peace (2002). Sport as a tool for development and peace: Towards Achieving the United Nations Millenium Development Goals. Report. https://www.un.org/sport2005/resources/task_force.pdfWessa P. (2017). 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Tsui, Sit, and Lau Kin Chi. "Building a Global Feminist Alliance for Peace in East Asia." positions: asia critique 28, no. 2 (May 1, 2020): 481–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/10679847-8112510.
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In an era of vacillations between threats of a nuclear war and promises of peace breakthroughs in East Asia, this article takes examples from public campaigns of women’s peace groups—such as Women’s Peace Walk, Women Cross DMZ (the Demilitarized Zone), Women’s Active Museum on War and Peace, and PeaceWomen Across the Globe—and argues for feminist scholarship to take an interdisciplinary approach and, in particular, to fuse peace studies with cultural studies, political economy, and global geopolitics. Doing so requires an examination of the history and the scope of the military-industrial complex, its relationship with finance capital, its bonds with governments and political parties, and its business patterns in relation to wars and conflicts all over the world. It also is crucial to sow the seeds of reconciliation and peace into the daily life of ordinary people. Thus, historians, cultural workers, educationists, writers, and scholar activists of different areas must undertake long-term sustained work for reconciliation and peace at the grassroots level as well as networking at the regional and global levels.
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Velthuizen, Andreas. "Beyond Silencing the Guns: China and a New Metaphor for Peace and Security in Africa." Afrika Focus 33, no. 2 (March 11, 2020): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-03302006.
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The author presents the tentative results of ongoing research into a new paradigm for peace and security in Africa. The empirical foundation of the research is the result of a triangulation of research methods that involved literature study, reflexive journaling and thematic analysis. The discussion aims to determine how China can contribute to the renewal of the African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA). The aim is achieved by discussing and analysing the current APSA, including the challenges experienced, as well as the policy commitments and security activities of China in Africa. The research concludes that China is building a military intervention capacity to protect its interests in Africa. However, a new metaphor is needed that will bring solutions to the peace and security challenges of Africa. In this regard China can play an important role in assisting the APSA to focus on issues such as social transformation, capacity building for socio-economic development, and education aimed at peace and security.
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Grizelj, Irena. "Engaging the Next Generation: A Field Perspective of Youth Inclusion in Myanmar’s Peace Negotiations." International Negotiation 24, no. 1 (March 7, 2019): 164–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718069-24011148.
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Abstract Literature examining the participation of youth during peace processes is limited. Previous work has often focused on youth as “peacebuilders” and agents of change or threats to peace in the post-accord period, with little emphasis on how young people participate during the negotiation phase. This article seeks to fill this gap by assessing youth inclusion and participation in Myanmar’s ongoing peace negotiations. The study finds that, while youth have not had formal inclusion avenues in the peace negotiations, there are cohorts of young people who perceive themselves to be legitimate stakeholders in the peace process, who have attempted to gain access to decision-making in the peace negotiations, and have played active roles in supporting the process. It is argued that recognizing youth as key stakeholders in the peace accord will play a vital role in building sustainable peace within Myanmar’s nascent democracy.
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Adhikari, Debendra Prasad. "The Saga of Conflict Transformation and Peace Process in Nepal: A Unique Account." Journal of Education and Research 7, no. 2 (October 4, 2018): 23–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jer.v7i2.21245.
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Transforming from conflict to a state of peace has been a global concern in the 21st century. Nepal involved in peace building process in a unique way. Nepal’s effort to solve armed conflict has proven to be a unique Nepali model in peace and conflict literature. This paper examines the context of armed conflict and the peace process in the light of managing combatants of the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) thereby contributing to the approach of transforming armed conflict into a state of global peace. For this purpose, I have used the meta-analysis to illuminate the situation of transformation from conflict to peace. Additionally, I have reflected on the ideas as a peace and human rights activist in Nepal. The paper concludes that the consensus among the conflicting parties to address the causes of armed conflict with their own ideas can uniquely contribute to conflict transformation and to establish negative peace. The reflection of this paper will pave the way for further research on peace education focusing on positive and negative peace in the post-conflict political context of the country.
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Simion, Korir, Joseph Koech, and Hazel Ayanga. "An Investigation of Church Based Peace Building Models in Selected Churches in Kericho County." British Journal of Multidisciplinary and Advanced Studies 3, no. 1 (October 9, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/bjmas.2022.0008.
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Peacebuilding with all members of the community in view of stemming potential and existing tension has become a necessity. In majority of politically and ethnically instigated violence, such as in the Kenyan post-election violence of 2008 and 2017, the Church was a major player in peace building processes as well as in the reconciliation process. This paper endeavoured to explore the available peace building models adopted by the Church in Kenya since 2008. To attain the mentioned objectives, the study engaged the Fowler theory of faith development. This was a qualitative research that applied the use of interviews and Focus Group discussions in the collection of primary data while secondary data used in this research was acquired through the review of documents and other relevant literature in public libraries and Church archives. Purposive sampling techniques were used to identify respondents, and the data analysed using context analysis. The study established Peace building models used by the Church were Mounting of Humanitarian Response Model and Policy advocacy which were done through Dialogue, Seminars, Evangelism, Sports and cultural events. These approaches to some extent helped to mitigate tension and violence in the region. Youth mentorship programs by the Church contributed to instilling the values of unity, honesty, peaceful co-existence as well as self-reliance among youth in the region and the society at large. The study recommends that religious organizations such as the National Council of Churches in Kenya (NCCK) and leaders should pursue peace building by ensuring that justice to all is achieved through methods that have respect for the people and also allow for the restoration of relations that foster and seek to correct injustices in regard to the fundamental values of human rights. The Kenyan Church should join many other faith-based peace advocates who endeavour to put into practise the principles of their belief in a manner that enables the building of local, regional, nationwide, as well as global machineries favourable for peace.
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Østensen, Åse Gilje. "Implementers or Governors?" International Community Law Review 16, no. 4 (October 24, 2014): 423–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18719732-12341288.
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This article explores the role of private security and military companies within the wider confinements of peace operations governance. To do so, the paper looks at the roles that pmscs play within two different us peace support initiatives as well as within un peace operations. Using theory lenses derived from the governance literature, the article finds that private military and security companies are already established actors within what it calls ‘the peace operations network’. By training forces, by building or reforming institutions, by supplying security and advisory services, or by being technological experts, private providers of military and security services carry out key tasks in the planning and implementation of peace operations. In the process, the paper argues, they ultimately exercise authority, make decisions and establish practices that often lay the foundations for the future management of security of local populations.
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Naco Del Hoyo, Toni. "War, peace and Rome’s empire-building ideology in the making." Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire 98, no. 1 (2020): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rbph.2020.9405.
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Rusche, Jonas. "Imagining Peace Outside of Liberal Statebuilding: Anarchist Theory as Pathway to Emancipatory Peacefacilitation." Alternatives: Global, Local, Political 47, no. 1 (February 2022): 18–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03043754221074618.
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Critical scholarship on peace has coined the term liberal peacebuilding and proven that it is unsuccessful, even counterproductive, in achieving that what it sets out to do—foster peace after violent conflict. The dominant part of this endeavor has been statebuilding. This paper adds to a slowly developing literature that starts to ask the question what an alternative to the reliance on statebuilding could look like. By employing anarchist theory, a new theoretical methodology is introduced to International Relations that allows to imagine forms of peace outside the liberal paradigm whilst preventing imperialistic claims. Such an emancipatory peace practice based on anarchism is envisioned as to build on prefigurative politics and direct action, strengthening autonomy, decentralization, and horizontality as well as challenge all structural forms of domination through radical forms of self-determination. Incorporating such an anarchist agenda offers one perspective on what fostering peace outside decontextualized and imposed liberal nation states could be. I argue that challenging statebuilding foreshadows a greater implication an anarchist research agenda promotes, namely, the need to move away from peace building toward emancipatory forms of peace facilitation.
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Krause, Ulrike, and Nadine Segadlo. "Conflict, Displacement … and Peace? A Critical Review of Research Debates." Refugee Survey Quarterly 40, no. 3 (August 13, 2021): 271–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rsq/hdab004.
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Abstract The nexus of violent conflict and forced migration has received continuous scholarly attention since the 1980s, but what are the focus areas and key strands in these research debates? Based on a semi-systematic review of research published between 1980 and 2020, this article examines debates about conflict, displacement, and peace. The review leads to the identification of three main strands that are closely connected: the structural links outlining how conflicts contribute to displacements; the various prevailing risks of violence; and the individual and collective strategies of displaced people to cope with dangers and experiences especially in host countries and regions. Despite this broad and still-growing body of literature, peace is found to have been insufficiently addressed in debates thus far. Only few studies attend to peace, and they mainly connect it to return to places of origin, peace(building) education by aid actors, or partly displaced people being potential destabilisers of peace processes. Hence, the roles of peace and displaced people’s practices to support peace constitute key areas requiring further research going forwards.
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Faiz, Abd Aziz. "TRANSFORMASI KONFLIK AGAMA DAN STRATEGI REFORMATIF PADA PEMBANGUNAN BUDAYA DAMAI." Jurnal Sosiologi Agama 14, no. 2 (December 27, 2020): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/jsa.2020.142-03.
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Conflict accompanies religious life in Indonesia. Social interactions based on prejudice and stereotype still thrive in social relations. On the other hand, for some people religion is seen as a pathological source of conflict, not as a potential creativity for the building of a peaceful culture. In that context, this paper is compiled through a descriptive qualitative method with literature study. This method is used to discover key concepts and their application to efforts to find transformation and reformative strategies from religious conflicts. This transformation and reformative strategy is placed on the assumption that each culture has independent media to build a culture of peace through the internal culture of the community as an effective reconciliation force in building relationships between religious schools (mazhab) and social groups. From this analysis, three main concepts and strategies are found for the development of a culture of peace; first, opening the faucet of intercultural communication based on the existing culture in society, second, building a reformative-transformative national culture that is relevant to the needs of society and the current development. Third, the reformulation of religious understanding and interpretation as the spearhead of religious peace building. These three things have significance for efforts to build a basis for making every policy, social transformation and development of a peaceful culture to achieve future harmony for socio-religious life in Indonesia.
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Baig, Saranjam Muhammad. "Moral Suasion or Policy Reforms? How to Tackle Sectarian Violence in Pakistan: The Case Study of Gilgit-Baltistan." Global Social Sciences Review IV, no. II (June 30, 2019): 291–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(iv-ii).38.
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The existing literature in social sciences and humanities analyzing root causes of sectarian and religious conflicts focus mostly on micro-factors. The inability of market and state factors to control sectarian conflict for last seven decades remains understudied by the contemporary literature. This article aims at filling that gap and seeks to identify certain market and government failures that have implications on sectarian and religious conflicts. More specifically, it identifies four market failures namely asymmetries of information, externalities, equity and public goods and three government failures, which include democracy failure, bureaucratic failure and implementation failure. In contrast to the literature shedding light on the impact and gravity of sectarian and religious violence in the country, the purpose here remains to highlight important aspects of public policy reforms for peace making and peace building. This article, based on the aforementioned market and government failures, suggests a whole new set of policy reforms.
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Kamran, T. "Zenana: Everyday Peace in a Karachi Apartment Building * BY LAURA A. RING." Journal of Islamic Studies 19, no. 2 (March 18, 2008): 279–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jis/etn027.
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Johnson, Ane Turner. "University Infrastructures for Peace in Africa: The Transformative Potential of Higher Education in Conflict Contexts." Journal of Transformative Education 17, no. 2 (June 11, 2018): 173–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541344618779561.
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The purpose of this article is to consider how higher education responds to conflict on campus and in the community. Moving beyond the victim/perpetrator paradigm prevalent in the literature on education in conflict contexts toward the transformative capacity of education, this research suggests that public universities may develop mechanisms that orient the institution toward capacity and consensus building—constructs associated with infrastructures for peace. Findings from comparative case studies conducted in Côte d’Ivoire and Kenya at two public universities demonstrate that both intentional and indirect policies were cultivated to contend with and possibly transform the conditions for localized conflict and begin to theorize university infrastructures for peace.
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Badanjak, S. "The PA-X Peace Agreement Database: reflections on documenting the practice of peacemaking." Pathways to Peace and Security, no. 2 (2021): 24–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/2307-1494-2021-2-24-42.
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Since its first release in the form of the PA-X Peace Agreements Database, the initial project undertaken by the University of Edinburgh’s Political Settlements Research Programme has seen four more data releases. Multiple data and visualisation projects stemmed from PA-X. The article provides an update to the initial introduction to the PA-X data and discusses the key lessons learned from the processes of data collection, analysis, and visualisation. This assessment is undertaken in two key areas: first, with regard to the process of “building” a dataset and database; second, with regard to the substantive findings and trends gleaned from the PA-X data on peace agreements and peace processes. The place and impact of this database in the context of peace and conflict studies are also assessed. Data resources pertaining to this field of inquiry are explored, with the focus on the ways in which the PA-X data can be used in conjunction with other datasets on peace and conflict. Finally, the future development of PA-X is addressed. It is argued that keeping up with the direction of the research literature in the field requires that the data on peace processes and peace agreement are better disaggregated, in terms of actors and groups signing deals, and in terms of spatial and temporal coverage of the signed peace deals.
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DE MEL, NELOUFER. "Actants and Fault Lines: Janakaraliya and Theatre for Peace Building in Sri Lanka." Theatre Research International 46, no. 1 (March 2021): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883320000577.
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This article provides a contextual analysis of Janakaraliya (‘Theatre of the People’), a theatre company acclaimed for its excellence in theatre for social justice and peace building in Sri Lanka. It discusses the governing conditions that enable its practice and evaluates its impact, whether this be the biopower of the state and non-state actors during periods of political violence, donor funding frameworks, or the Janakaraliya archive itself as an actant shaped by donor rationalities. Drawing on a recent research project entitled The Theatre of Reconciliation, the article builds an argument for changing the terms on which the arts in peace building are evaluated, and for a shift in the dominant narrative on Janakaraliya which collapses its sophisticated aesthetics to a binary of Sinhala–Tamil ethnic relations. The logic of this revision would be fuller acknowledgement of the troupe's aesthetic forms and styles as a more robust signifier of the pluralities that constitute Sri Lankan society today and therefore of post-war reconciliation itself.
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Hilhorst, Dorothea, and Mathijs van Leeuwen. "Grounding local peace organisations: a case study of southern Sudan." Journal of Modern African Studies 43, no. 4 (October 24, 2005): 537–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x05001217.
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Since the early 1990s, building peace during and after conflict has been moving away from the conference tables of diplomats to informal settings created by local NGOs. The vast majority, if not all, of the peacebuilding policy and literature argues for strengthening local organisations as vehicles for peace. This paper starts from the observation that there is a dire lack of organisational perspective to the processes set into motion. Current local peacebuilding policy, we argue, is based on analyses that are far removed from the everyday practices of the actors engaged in peacebuilding. The paper offers instead a qualitative approach that gives central attention to the dynamics of peace organisations and the way conflict is experienced in the everyday life of local people. It analyses the case of one local women's peace organisation: the ‘Sudanese Women's Voice for Peace’. Peacebuilding is done by people, and the dynamics of their organisation are crucial for its success. The paper argues that a process approach to peace organisations will enhance agencies' efforts for local peacebuilding. Such an approach focuses on the question how actors in and around organisations give meaning to an organisation. The paper outlines this approach, presents five central properties of local peace organisations, and discusses what lessons can be learnt from this perspective for the practice of peacebuilding.
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Bhawuk, Dharm P. S. "Methodology for Building Psychological Models from Scriptures." Psychology and Developing Societies 22, no. 1 (March 2010): 49–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097133360902200103.
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Building on the Indian Psychological literature, this article presents a methodology of how to construct models from scriptures. Four approaches to model building are proposed by presenting examples. First, models exist in the scriptures, and they need to be discovered and polished to fit with the relevant literature. Second, a content analysis of the text(s) by using keywords can lead to the development of models about constructs, such as peace, spirituality, karma, dharma, identity, etc. Third, by recognising what works in the indigenous cultures, and tracing the idea to traditional wisdom and scriptures, practical and useful theories and models can be developed. Fourth, by questioning Western concepts and models in the light of indigenous wisdom, knowledge, insights and facts, one can develop indigenous models. These approaches steer away from the pseudo-etic approach, and allow theory building that is grounded in cultural contexts. Implications for future research in Indian Psychology (IP) are discussed. It is hoped that this article will stimulate the Indian psychological movement by providing a template to bridge psychology, philosophy and spirituality.
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Ernawati, Yeni. "MEMBANGUN KARAKTER MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN SASTRA: PROBLEMATIKA PEMBINAAN KARAKTER." Jurnal Ilmiah Bina Edukasi 11, no. 01 (February 19, 2019): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33557/jedukasi.v11i01.205.
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Character education is an ongoing process for transforming and building individual behavior into human beings who have good knowledge, attitude, and skills. Character building on the learner is needed because of the problematic in learning about dishonesty, indiscipline, and the violence done by the learner. Efforts to build individual characters can be implemented in learning materials and learning models. One effort to build the character of learners through literary learning. Literary works play an important role in the implementation of character education. The purpose of learning literature is learners are expected to develop honest behavior, discipline, responsibility, care, polite, environmentally friendly, mutual cooperation, cooperation, love peace, responsive and proactive by way of appreciating the literature to refine the character of learners. In the Kurikulum 2013, literary learning materials used as a means of building the character of learners are short story texts, fable, pantun (poem), and novel.
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Benson, G. H. "Linking the Peace-loving Nature of Ghanaians to Traditional Peace Educational Practices: Myth or Reality?" International Journal of Conflict Management 2, no. 1 (May 25, 2021): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/ijcm.564.
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Purpose: The 2013 version of the International Day of Peace was dedicated to peace education, by way of drawing the attention of the international community to the pre-eminence of peace education as that channel of achieving the much sort for global culture of peace. Before then, many countries notably Ghana, had long been in the process of cultivating the culture of peace via the practices of peace education within the traditional setting, even if in its remotest form. In large part, Ghanaians are peace-loving people, attributable to the traditional peace education lessons that children receive from parents and the society at their formative stages. This study in examining this assertion, also seeks to determine to what extent peace educational practices in both the traditional and global senses, have shaped the Ghanaian peace-loving nature.
Methodology: The study adopted the quantitative approach where semi-structured questionnaires were administered to 1450 randomly selected respondents across Ghana. The age range of respondents which are between 10 and 60 and above, comprise 1019 (70.3 %) males and 431 (29.7 %) females from all walks of life.
Findings: The study while empirically evidencing that Ghanaians are peace-loving people, also established a link between this peace culture and the basic lessons children receive from parents and the society at their formative stages, about peace.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The paper calls on the government of Ghana in particular and other peace education actors in general, to work assiduously towards the effective blending of traditional (informal) and global (formal) peace educational practices within Ghana, as well as, enhance peace education in the country by building the capacity of communities and schools in financial, technical, and logistical terms. Indeed, this paper which is the first-ever study into traditional peace education in Ghana, uniquely adds to academic literature and serves as a useful guide for practitioners and policy makers in the study area.
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Cox, Joseph M. "Negotiating justice: Ceasefires, peace agreements, and post-conflict justice." Journal of Peace Research 57, no. 3 (December 2, 2019): 466–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343319879485.
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Post-conflict justice is an integral component in maintaining stability and building peace in the aftermath of civil conflict. Despite its instrumental function, scholars routinely find that policymakers’ choice of justice is shaped by the structural conditions of the post-conflict environment, with outright victories leading to retributive forms of justice and negotiated outcomes yielding restorative forms of justice. However, existing literature conflates ceasefires and peace agreements into a single phenomenon, thereby overlooking the independent effects of each outcome. Leveraging the dual sovereignty framework, this article argues the conflation of negotiated outcomes is problematic because peace agreements and ceasefires generate different post-conflict environments. Relative to ceasefires, peace agreements lead to a reduction in the degree of dual sovereignty because they resolve a conflict’s incompatibility, thereby encouraging efforts to move society beyond war through restorative forms of justice. Due to the persistent threat of recurrent war generated by high levels of dual sovereignty, policymakers following ceasefires will be inclined to pursue retributive forms of justice that may target political opponents or potential defectors to bolster organizational strength. Statistical analyses confirm the underlying expectation that ceasefires and peace agreements yield different post-conflict justice outcomes. Peace agreements, relative to ceasefires, are more likely to be followed by the implementation of amnesties and reparations, whereas ceasefires exhibit a greater probability of yielding purges in the post-conflict environment.
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Atieno, Paul Okello. "Peace Initiatives in Resource Based Conflicts in Post-Colonial Kenya: A Case of Lower Nyando River Basin of Kisumu County, Kenya." International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation X, no. I (2023): 110–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.51244/ijrsi.2023.10011.
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There is growing literature focusing on resource extraction and unbalanced sharing of natural resources in the exploitation community and conflict especially in the developing countries. Whereas a lot of attention has been directed at grievances of conflicting parties in natural resource based conflicts, limited attention is being given to peace initiatives including the role of local peace committees and community led peace building networks. This paper provided an insight on the role of peace initiatives in resource based conflicts in post-colonial Kenya, with particular attention to lower Nyando River Basin of Kisumu County, Kenya. Specific objectives were to determine the magnitude of resource based conflicts among communities in the Lower Nyando River Basin, analyse the role of local peace committees in resource based conflicts among communities in the Lower Nyando River Basin and to establish the contribution of community led peace-building networks in resource based conflicts among communities in the Lower Nyando River Basin, Kenya. Conflict transformation theory which articulates transforming the causes of conflict as the right approach for resolving and curtailing emerging disputes was adopted to guide the study. Mixed method design involving quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis approaches was adopted. Target population comprised of (Ogenya=153; Kakola Ombaka=704; Jimo Middle=131, and West Kabodho=225) who were natural resource reliant in both Nyakach and Nyando Sub-counties with a sample size of 278 respondents obtained based on Gill et al’s Table of Desired Accuracy with Confidence Level of 95%. The study also interviewed 4 elected community leaders from each sub location. Findings showed that the magnitude of resource based conflicts in the area was high (M=3.91; SD=0.08). The study also found that local peace committees were important peacebuilding initiatives (M=4.17; SD=0.23), while peacebuilding networks existing in the study area had contributed in resolving conflicts to a large extent (M=4.01; SD=0.25). It was concluded that unfounded apportioning of the wetland by the feuding communities has made the magnitude of conflict to be high in the study area. The study also concludes that local peacebuilding initiatives have helped in managing resource based conflict in the area due to their acceptability and incessant peace messaging.
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Mesa-Vélez, Lucía. "‘Culture of Dialogue’ as a Decolonial Peace-Building Tool: The Case of Colombia." Journal of Dialogue Studies 7 (2019): 93–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.55207/rtxc2432.
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This article is based on a four-month placement with the Colombian peace-building organisation Rodeemos el Diálogo (Embrace Dialogue, ReD) in London, as well as three years of working with the organisation in Bogotá, Colombia. It discusses the causes of violence in Colombia, the conceptualisation of dialogue, and ReD’s notion of a ‘culture of dialogue’. First, by explaining the coloniality of knowledge, power, and being in the Colombian context, I argue that the contemporary armed conflict is a legacy of colonial logics that are still being reproduced. Then, through a literature review on the concept of dialogue, I describe its origins, its potential to be a useful method to peacebuilding and the danger of it reproducing coloniality and control. Finally, I explain how ReD understands the ‘culture of dialogue’ and why it has the potential to resolve conflict in a non-violent way and take action against colonial-inherited inequalities and oppressions. I argue that to resolve Colombia’s violence it is necessary to address the coloniality of power, knowledge and being taking place. However, to address these it is of utmost importance to be able to acknowledge the existence of violence and to recognise the multiplicity of epistemologies that coexist in today’s world. Within these processes of recognition, culture of dialogue plays an important role.
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Thulla, Philip Y., Amuel M. Senesie, Peter M. Muffuh, and David Bull. "The Feasibility of Applying Shakespearean Drama to Address Social Disorders in Sierra Leone." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 4, no. 3 (September 20, 2017): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v4i3.1257.
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Like many other African countries, Sierra Leone has gone through tragic experiences, which tend to elevate the quest for peace above most other human concerns. Persons and Institutions that deal with human development are generally urged to target such issues as peace – building, conflict prevention, reconciliation, etc. It seems that the literary discipline bears remarkable potentialities to such effects. This is the concern of this paper. In order to maximize the possible benefit of literature, in this regard, the “best choice” of literary writers was adopted – William Shakespeare. The findings include but not limited to ‘that many of the social problems that can be addressed sociologically or legally, or morally can as accommodate literary address’ and ‘that Shakespeare’s play can be used to address social disorders in Sierra Leone.
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Rumelili, Bahar, and Ayşe Betül Çelik. "Ontological insecurity in asymmetric conflicts: Reflections on agonistic peace in Turkey’s Kurdish issue." Security Dialogue 48, no. 4 (April 24, 2017): 279–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967010617695715.
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This article contributes to the recent literature on ontological security in conflict studies by empirically investigating, through a case study of Turkey’s Kurdish issue, how ontological asymmetry complicates peace processes. Over time, all conflicts become embroiled in a set of self-conceptions and narratives vis-à-vis the Other, the maintenance of which becomes critical for ontological security. In ethnic conflicts, however, these conceptions and narratives also intersect with a fundamental ontological asymmetry, because such conflicts often pit state parties with secure existence against ethnic groups with contested status and illegitimate standing. We argue that peace processes are easier to initiate but harder to conclude in ontologically asymmetric conflicts. Accordingly, we find that during the 2009–2015 peace process in Turkey, ontological (in)security-induced dynamics presented themselves in cyclical patterns of ambitious peace initiatives receiving greater support among the Kurdish public but giving way, at the first sign of crisis, to a rapid and dramatic return to violence, which neither side acted to stem. Moreover, we underscore that ontologically asymmetric conflicts, such as Turkey’s Kurdish issue, are often characterized by a societal security dilemma, where the conditions of ontological security for one party undermine those of the other. Therefore, building consensus around a new shared peace narrative may not be possible or desirable, and a lasting solution to Turkey’s Kurdish issue depends on the development of an agonistic peace around coexisting, multiple and contestatory narratives.
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Sitorus, Jonry. "MAJELIS BUDDHAYANA INDONESIA MEMBANGUN BINADAMAI ANTAR UMAT BERAGAMA." JURNAL ILMIAH SOSIOLOGI AGAMA (JISA) 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.30829/jisa.v2i1.5371.
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<p> </p><p>Penelitian ini mengenai Majelis Buddhayana Indonesia sebagai salah satu organisai sosial keagamaan dalam menciptakan dan membangun binadamai antar umat beragama di Tanjung Balai. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peran dan upaya Majelis Buddhayana Indonesia dalam mengelola isu-isu konflik paska pembakaran vihara Tri Ratna di Kota Tanjung Balai. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif melalui pendekatan deskriptif. Adapun informan yang terdapat dalam penelitian ini adalah ketua serta anggota dari Majelis Buddhyana Indonesia, masyarakat muslim dan masyarakat Buddha yang ada di Tanjung Balai. Data yang diperoleh melalui pengamatan, wawancara studi pustaka dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menggambarkan Peran Majelis Buddhayana Indonesia membantu terciptanya perdamaian melalui upaya mediasi, mengelola isu konflik serta membuat kesepakatan perdamaian terhadap kelompok-kelompok yang bertikai.</p><p><em><br /></em></p><p><em>This research is about the Indonesian Buddhayana Assembly as one of the social religious organizations in creating and building interfaith peace building between religious communities in Tanjung Balai. the purpose of this study was to determine the role and efforts of the Indonesian Buddhayana Assembly in managing conflict issues after the burning of Tri Ratna temple in Tanjung Balai city. The method used in this study is a qualitative method through a descriptive approach. The informants contained in this study were the cairmen and members of indonesian buddhist assembly, the muslim community and the buddhist community in Tanjung Balai. Data obtained through observation, literature study interviews and documentation. The result of the study illustrate the role of the Indonesian Buddhayana Assembly to help create peace through mediation efforts, manage conflict issues and make peace agreements with conflicting groups.</em></p><p><em><em>Keywords : Indonesian Buddhayana Assembly, Conflict, Peace Building</em><br /></em></p>
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Rahma, Ida. "PARTISIPASI PUBLIK DAN KETERBUKAAN INFORMASI DALAM PENYUSUNAN KEBIJAKAN." Jurnal Hukum Samudra Keadilan 14, no. 1 (May 28, 2019): 81–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.33059/jhsk.v14i1.1101.
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Public participation can be understood as activities undertaken to affect public policy formation process. Public participation is important to ensure that any policy that produced not only benefit certain people, but also a positive impact on society. The process can be performed through the stages of agenda setting, policy formulation and implementation. This paper is about to describe the transformation of society prevailing in Aceh after the peace agreement. Review of the literature of choice in this paper, which is supported by a wide range of documents related to public participation, freedom of public information, and peace building. The results of this study indicate that public participation in policy formation in Aceh have ups and downs. Post-signatories to the peace agreement, the level of public participation is very good especially in the establishment of the Law on Governing Aceh and Aceh Qanun number. Next, in 2009-2014 public participation in policy formation decreased. Furthermore, the level of public participation in policy formation is determined by freedom of public information.
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Gülboy, Burak Samih. "Reassessing the Concept of Peace in the Concert of Europe: A European Model of Security Based upon Cooperation of States against People." Journal of Applied And Theoretical Social Sciences 4, no. 2 (June 27, 2022): 144–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.37241/jatss.2022.60.
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Concert of Europe was a system that was built for the purpose of maintaining the status quo between the European states and the means by which the system rested were constructed during the course of the Congress of Vienna. The Holy Alliance and the Quadruple Alliance (later Quintet) not only enabled Europe's Great Powers to cooperate in building and maintaining order, but also succeeded in creating common values that would keep cooperation alive.
While the liberal and nationalist ideas brought by the French Revolution and spread by Napoleon's campaigns were alive both in European societies and on the political map drawn by Napoleon in 1815, the victorious major powers were aware that the peace was to be established both by the suppression of these ideas and by reformation of the map. For this reason, the absolutist values and structure before the French Revolution formed the reference points that would form the basis of the new peace.
This article aims to analyze the peace on which the so-called European Harmony is based, within the framework of international relations literature.
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Nguni, Allan. "IMPACT OF CONFLICT MANAGEMENT IN THE HORN OF AFRICA." European Journal of Conflict Management 2, no. 1 (August 29, 2021): 96–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ejcm.791.
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Purpose: Lack of capacity on the part of local peace structures has posed a great challenge to the achievement of a lasting peace. These have remained a major constraint to sustainable peace. Peace structures lacked capacity in terms of finance or logistics to effectively monitor conflict situations, identify early warning indicators and make appropriate rapid response interventions. The general objective of the study was to evaluate impact of conflict Management in the Horn of Africa.
Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps.
Findings: From the study findings, the study concluded that with the devolved government, opportunities arise to solve some of the problems which eventually may lead to decreased conflict. Participation of citizens and interest group may be enhanced so as to include their voices in development agenda setting and in formulating programs that target peace building activities such as repairing broken relationships and rebuilding livelihoods, especially the pastoral economies.
Recommendations: The study recommended that the need for conflict management to focus on the resource management intervention measures in pastoral areas. Such resource management conflict resolution should be based on the emerging issues of land and culture change .According to the study findings it emerged that politics is one of the study findings that limit the effectiveness of inter-community conflict management. Politicians take advantage of their jostling for position to fuel conflict
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Yoosuf, Amina, and S. P. Premaratne. "Building Sustainable Peace through Business Linkages among Micro-Entrepreneurs: Case Studies of Micro-Enterprises in the North of Sri Lanka." Journal of Peacebuilding & Development 12, no. 1 (April 2017): 34–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15423166.2017.1281754.
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Literature on peacebuilding emphasises the need for stakeholders at all levels of society to be engaged in the peace and reconciliation process for peace to be sustainable. Policy-makers around the globe strategically employ entrepreneurship, particularly self-employment and small enterprises development, to economically empower the communities in post-conflict areas. At the same time, researchers in the fields of entrepreneurship and small enterprise development have identified ‘networking’ as an important factor for the success of entrepreneurs. This paper examines the role played by business linkages among micro-entrepreneurs and its contribution to sustainable peacebuilding, including the development of business and social linkages among entrepreneurs from the North of Sri Lanka.
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Gul, Asma, Tayyaba Bashir, and Javed Mustafa. "Role of Educational Institutions in Building a Peaceful Society." Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ) 4, no. 2 (December 29, 2020): 267–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/4.2.21.
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Educational institutions’ role is not limited to technology’s progression or improvement in their social and economic values but also is to teach the lesson of harmony, humbleness, tolerance, equality, and justice. Educational institutions are not merely building individuals to strengthen society and eradicate the negativities but also to build a peaceful society. Pakistan’s educational system is a complex one that does not merely involve government and private schools; there are also many registered or unregistered madrassas. Lack of regulation of the curriculum and monitoring of the activities of madrasas is a matter of concern. Terrorism, too, is linked to such madrasas, which contradicts and nullifies educational institutions’ purpose and aim of building a peaceful society. The study applied the functionalism theoretical assumptions and employed Qualitative Document Analysis (QDA) based on the previous studies review of literature on educational institutions’ role in building peaceful societies to figure out the gap and develop new findings. The study suggests committing the national educational system, with it, the school and its teachers so that from their work, they contribute towards building peace in society.
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Brender, Felix. "Teaching Sleeping Dogs New Tricks? Transitional Justice as Identity-Building." Open Cultural Studies 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 12–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/culture-2020-0137.
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Abstract Transitional Justice (TJ) mechanisms have been applied in several post-conflict spaces and commonly hailed by the academy as a – if not the – route to lasting positive peace. Taiwan has seen bouts of at times violent protest, which has given rise to popular and academic claims that renewed TJ efforts are required to achieve true, lasting peace. Against this backdrop, this text identifies sources of grievances and situates Taiwan’s case in the wider TJ literature to then explore Taiwan’s most recent TJ endeavours under Tsai Ying-Wen, focusing on its core mechanism, the Transitional Justice Commission. Engaging other readings of Taiwanese TJ mechanisms, this article argues that Tsai’s TJ mechanisms should be read chiefly as an identity-building project. Located in a wider drive to develop a positive identity for Taiwan, they are an attempt to establish shared historical narratives and ultimately aim to create a more stable Taiwanese identity independent of China as a pivotal Other or benchmark. This process is directed at both domestic and international audiences. This way, Taiwan negotiates, (re-)constructs and reifies a relatively inclusive positive Taiwanese identity not solely through the memories uncovered and remembered through the TJ process, but chiefly through the process itself.
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Clayton, Govinda, and Valerie Sticher. "The Logic of Ceasefires in Civil War." International Studies Quarterly 65, no. 3 (May 18, 2021): 633–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqab026.
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Abstract Ceasefires play a role in almost all civil war peace processes. Yet existing studies undertheorize the ways in which different logics drive the design of ceasefire agreements, and the effect this has on violence suspension. Building on bargaining theory and existing ceasefire literature, we identify different bargaining problems conflict parties face over the course of a conflict, and three classes of ceasefire design they use to address these problems. We argue that the effect of ceasefires is driven both by these underlying logics and by the provisions they contain. Building on the PA-X data to capture the provisions included within all written civil war ceasefires between 1990 and 2019, and using Uppsala Conflict Data Program georeferenced event data, we estimate models of ceasefire survival, with conflict deaths as the main measure of whether a ceasefire remains in place. We find that definitive ceasefires (i.e., agreements with demobilization and incompatibility provisions), followed by preliminary ceasefires (i.e., agreements with compliance mechanisms), are associated with longer periods of violence suspension than cessation of hostilities agreements that lack such provisions. We discuss the implications of our results for conflict parties and third parties seeking to facilitate the transition from war to peace.
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Murphy, Joanne, Sara McDowell, Maire Braniff, and David Denyer. "Managing contested spaces: Public managers, obscured mechanisms and the legacy of the past in Northern Ireland." Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space 36, no. 3 (June 15, 2017): 443–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399654417714800.
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Societies emerging from ethno-political and inter-communal conflict face a range of complex problems that stem directly from the recent lived experience of bloodshed and injury, militarisation, securitisation and segregation. As institutional agents in such an environment, public managers perform the dual role of both interpreting public policy and implementing it within a politically contested space and place. In this article, we address how managers cope with the outworking of ethno-nationalist conflict and peace building within government processes and policy implementation and contend this is a subject of emerging concern within the wider public administration, urban studies and conflict literature. Using data from a witness seminar initiative on the Northern Ireland conflict transformation experience, we explain how public sector managers make sense of their role in post-agreement public management and highlight the importance of three identified mechanisms; ‘bricolage’, ‘diffusion’ and ‘translation’ in the management of public sector organisations and urban spaces in a context of entrenched conflict and an uncertain path to peace.
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Ridhuan Tony Lim Abdullah, Muhammad, Muhammad Pisol Mat Isa, Nur Arfah Abdul Sabian, and Saedah Siraj. "Peace education curriculum objectives for Malaysian higher tertiary education: A fuzzy delphi approach." SHS Web of Conferences 124 (2021): 06001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202112406001.
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This paper was to analyse the voice of stakeholders on key elements for peace education curriculum objectives for Malaysian higher education system as a contribution to the progressive effort on fostering interactions among multiracial community. The larger focus of the study is to develop a peace education curriculum model based on an intercultural context that can be applied at the tertiary level. The model was developed based on Tyler’s Model (Tyler, 1949). The model proposed four domains which were the objectives of the curriculum, curriculum content, and implementation and evaluation. However, this paper only focuses on elements of the curriculum objectives which is also the instrumental domain for curriculum development. Fuzzy Delphi technique and Interpretive structural modelling (ISM) were employed. The findings of model consisted of 19 Objective curriculum elements. All proposed objective elements generated through literature review were accepted by the stakeholders and the four highest agreeable elements were “To create in the learner the knowledge of the concept of peace and conflict”, “To nurture respect for and appreciation of differences”, “To enable students to acquire a sense of belonging towards a larger society, and to empathize and relate with individuals from other groups within that society”, and “To create in the learner, the knowledge of national identity”. The outcome has reflected on the three important dimensions of knowledge and value. The skill dimension was ranked lower, as response to stakeholder views that the importance of knowledge and value (concept of peace, respect, sense of belonging and national identity) should be first inculcated and followed with other skills. The outcome of the study would implicate in the systematic structuring of peace building among the multi-cultural society through peace education.
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Waston, Waston. "Building peace through mystic philosophy: study on the role of Sunan Kalijaga in Java." Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies 8, no. 2 (December 2, 2018): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.18326/ijims.v8i2.281-308.
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This paper aims to study the teachings of peace invented in the Javanese tradition particularly by Sunan Kalijaga. Sunan Kalijaga was a Muslim saint in the 15th century AD who taught mystical-philosophical teachings. His role permeates in the Javanese tradition so peaceful values that are embedded in its teachings still be traced and developed. We conducted a literature study on the role, influence and legacy of Sunan Kalijaga. We focused on his philosophical approach to religious thought as oppose to the mystical aspect. Our findings show that Sunan Kalijaga succeeded in using proper choice of words to combine Islamic values and predominant cultural elements (e.g., Hinduism, Buddhism). Therefore, instead of using the Arabic terms, Sunan Kalijaga used many old Javanese and Sanskrit terms commonly used in the 15th-16th century Javanese society. As an implication, Sunan Kalijaga created terms that are less Islamic but loaded with Islamic values. His examination is not only inherited into terms, but also practices, symbols and institutions. Among those Javanese traditions, some of them are critically important in supporting peace-building. This paper reaps the peaceful values of the Sunan teachings in the hope of countering the stream of extreme ideologies that have recently flooded the public. Paper ini bertujuan mengunduh ajaran damai yang ditanam dalam tradisi Jawaterutama yang disemai oleh Sunan Kalijaga. Sunan Kalijaga adalah seorang walipada abad ke 15 M yang memiliki ajaran bersifat mistis-filosofis. Hingga saat ini,pengaruh Sunan Kalijaga sangat terasa dalam tradisi Jawa sehingga nilai-nilaidamai yang ada dalam ajarannya masih dapat ditelusuri dan dikembangkan.Dengan menerapkan studi pustaka, data-data dalam riset ini dikumpulkan darisumber-sumber yang mengkaji Sunan Kalijaga, peran, pengaruh, dan warisanwarisannya.Oleh karena corak pemikiran keagamaan Sunan Kalijaga bersifatmistis-filosofis, maka aspek mistisisme dan pendekatan filsafat juga digunakandalam tulisan ini. Paper ini memaparkan temuan bahwa dalam pratiknya, SunanKalijaga melakukan permainan bahasa yang dengan cara tersebut ia berhasilmemadukan antara nilai-nila i keislaman dengan unsur buda y a dominanyang telah ada sebelumnya yaitu Hindu dan Buddha. Oleh karena itu, alihalihmenggunakan istilah Arab, Sunan Kalijaga justru banyak menggunakanistilah Jawa Kuna dan Sansekerta yang lazim digunakan dalam masyarakat Jawaabad 15-16. Hasil dari upaya tersebut, Sunan Kalijaga menghadirkan istilahistilahyang tampaknya kurang Islami namun sarat muatan nilai-nilai Islam.Ijtihad Sunan Kalijaga tidak hanya terwariskan menjadi istilah-istilah, namunjuga menjadi praktik, simbol bahkan melembaga. Dari beberapa bentuk tradisijawa yang diwariskan Sunan Kalijaga dapat diambil bebera p a nilai pentingyang mendukung iklim damai. Paper ini memetik nilai-nilai damai ajaran sangSunan tersebut dengan harapan dapat membendung arus ideologi ekstrim yangakhir-akhir ini semakin membanjiri ruang publik.
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Suvedi, Mukti. "Religious Peace building, the Problems, and Potentials Now and in the Foreseeable Federal Republic of Nepal." Contemporary Research: An Interdisciplinary Academic Journal 5, no. 1 (October 25, 2021): 63–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/craiaj.v5i1.40483.
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Introduction: There is debate whether most Nepali people still want Nepal to be a Hindu state. A significant number of opinions wish to see the country as secular, where people are respected with dignity without any discrimination where people can profess, practice, and protect their religions, whichever religion it may be. Methods: This paper is based on public opinion surveys through interviews and discussions with100 individuals, including key informant interviews with 25 religious leaders from different religions conducted between September 20019 and February 2020 and secondary data from various literature reviews. Results: The paper's finding reveals that the public's preference toward the Hindu state is not accepted in all sub-national levels; a secular state preference is evident in some of the sub-national levels, which cannot be undervalued. The mindsets of most of the elder populations interviewed still want Nepal to be the only Hindu state in the world, whereas the active young-age (youth) population is more inclusive and is happy with the secular nation. Conclusion: Understanding and implementing inclusive secular policies and practicing the preexistence principles of religious freedom by the political parties and incorporating the same in all government, semi-government and private sectors will ensure a secular and peaceful Nepal. Government authorities and other bureaucrats becoming more sensitive towards religious issues will create space for promoting peace.
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Khalidi, Raja. "Twenty-First Century Palestinian Development Studies." Journal of Palestine Studies 45, no. 4 (2016): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jps.2016.45.4.7.
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Within the wide range of research and studies about Palestinian development, especially in the past twenty years, a new school of literature has recently emerged, drawing on heterodox economic and social science, settler-colonial studies, and the widening critique of neoliberalism. Studies in this issue of JPS are a selection of the intellectual output of a younger generation of scholars who have challenged the thrust of preceding literature produced by international and donor organizations, academics, and Israeli and Palestinian research projects. This new body of research critiques and proposes alternatives to scholarship that placed study of Palestinian economy and society within the parameters of the peace process, premised upon the supposed benefits of globalization and liberalization and more recently, reform and state-building as a precursor to national liberation.
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Ismail, Muhammad Taufik, and Joko Tri Haryanto. "Tazkiyah sebagai Epistemologi Irfani: Perspektif Wahiduddin Khan tentang Spiritualitas Perdamaian." Jurnal SMART (Studi Masyarakat, Religi, dan Tradisi) 8, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 49–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18784/smart.v8i1.1583.
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Religious views which tends to be exoteric and only looking at the formal legal aspect, often gives an over-sensitive views, emotional, and unconsciously giving violence actions. Wahiduddin Khan is a figure who aware of this problem, so he develope the concept of tazkiyah as the basis for the spirituality of peace. Tazkiyah according to Khan focused on intellectual development that touches the heart, so it built the integration between rationality and spirituality which is construct the forms a complete human being. This research was conducted with a descriptive qualitative approach through literature review. This research founded four stages of four stages of tazkiyah: abstraction, internalization, transcendence, and humanization. Tazkiyah is a combination of rational awareness, feelings in the heart (spiritual events) and practical actions that connecting two currents of centripetal and centrifugal motion. The inward movement is closer to mystical awareness and the outward movement is a form of participation in building traditions and social institutions. This combination will produce spirituality that manifests in the awareness and attitude of peace.
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Lestari, Dewi Tika, and Yohanes Parihala. "Merawat Damai Antar Umat Beragama Melalui Memori Kolektif dan Identitas Kultural Masyarakat Maluku." Hanifiya: Jurnal Studi Agama-Agama 3, no. 1 (June 25, 2020): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/hanifiya.v3i1.8697.
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This study aims to explain that the process of building and maintaining peace in the context of a plural society can be carried out by reactivating the collective memory and cultural identity of the community. Cultural memory and cultural identity that are based on historical-cultural experience are a social capital that nurtures harmony between communities. Qualitatively this study uses a literature study and field research approach. To explore the concepts of collective memory and cultural identity, author uses the concept from Edwards Shils, Maurice Halbwachs, and Paul Gilbert. The field study was obtained through a process of in-depth interviews with key informants, including religious leaders such as the Pastor and Imam of the Mosque, facilitators and community leaders in Batumerah from two communities, Islam and Christianity. Finally, the authors found that the collective memory of the cultural identity of Maluku people as brother people (orang basudara) is a strong social capital to transform conflict, and maintain peace among post-conflict communities. This can be a theoretical foothold in managing the diversity of peaceful lives as fellow brothers in Indonesia.
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Peachey, Jon Welty, and Adam Cohen. "Research Partnerships in Sport for Development and Peace: Challenges, Barriers, and Strategies." Journal of Sport Management 30, no. 3 (May 2016): 282–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2014-0288.
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Research partnerships between scholars and sport for development and peace (SDP) organizations are common, but firsthand accounts of the challenges and barriers faced by scholars when forming and sustaining partnerships are rare. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine them, and to uncover strategies to overcome these challenges across different partnership contexts. Eight prominent SDP scholars were interviewed. Guided by collaboration theory and the partnership literature, findings revealed challenges included navigating the political and organizational landscape; securing commitments from organizations with limited resources; negotiating divergent goals, objectives, and understandings; and conducting long-term evaluations and research. Strategies to address these issues involved developing strategic partnerships, cultivating mutual understanding, building trust, starting small, finding the cause champion, and developing a track record of success. Key theoretical and practical implications are drawn forth, as well as intriguing future research directions.