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Journal articles on the topic 'Peace of Westphalia'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Borshch, Irina Valer'evna. "The peace of Westphalia and religion in the context of the evolution of public law in Europe." Contemporary Europe, no. 1 (February 15, 2023): 173–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s020170832301014x.

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The article describes the consequences of the «post-secular turn» in social sciences, in particular, in the history of law and the theory of international relations as applied to the study of the Congress of Westphalia and the Peace Treaty of 1648. The author shows how new approaches in the international theory (from realism to constructivism and neorealism) contributed to the criticism of the «secular myth of Westphalia». The author considers new perspectives on the religious issue at the Westphalian Peace Congress in terms of the evolution of public law in Europe. Westphalia is seen as a set

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Nefedov, B. "The critique of the Westphalian peace narrative." International Trends / Mezhdunarodnye protsessy 20, no. 3 (2022): 6–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17994/it.2022.20.3.70.3.

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The article studies perceptions of the Peace of Westphalia that were formed in the fields of international relations history and the general theory of international law as a result of conflicting doctrines, with some claiming the Westphalian treaties of 1648 are of universal significance for these scientific fields, and others, conversely, denying that these treaties had any sort of influence on the formation of a modern system of international relations and the formation of international law as a legal system. The article concludes that the treaties of the Peace of Westphalia does not actuall

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3

Parrott, David. "The Peace of Westphalia." Journal of Early Modern History 8, no. 1 (2004): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1570065041268979.

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Cerf, Vinton G. "The peace of westphalia." Communications of the ACM 61, no. 9 (2018): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3242093.

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Krivokapić, Boris. "Significance of the Peace of Westphalia (1648) for international law." Revija Kopaonicke skole prirodnog prava 5, no. 1 (2023): 47–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/rkspp2301047k.

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The Peace of Westphalia (1648) is often cited as a turning point in the development of international law, with some believing that this law was born there, others claiming that it was then that modern or at least universal law was born, while others, giving the periodization of the development of international law, rely on Westphalian conference as an important event. The author gives a critical review of those views, proving that international law was created parallel to the emergence of the first states, that it was rather developed even before the Peace of Westphalia, that the solutions of

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Croxton, Derek. "The Historical Context of “A Westphalia for the Middle East?”." Journal of Applied History 2, no. 1-2 (2020): 85–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25895893-bja10004.

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Abstract This article considers the fit of the “Westphalia for the Middle East” project with the historical Peace of Westphalia. It takes as its point of departure Proudhon’s distinction between the “judgment” and “reasons” of a treaty. The “reasons” behind the Peace of Westphalia include broad participation of interested parties, religious compromise, involvement of external powers in Imperial government, and ending a war. Of these, the involvement of external powers in another state’s government presents the greatest problem mapping to the Middle East, chiefly because the project proposes to

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Filho, Marcílio Toscano Franca. "Westphalia: a Paradigm? A Dialogue between Law, Art and Philosophy of Science." German Law Journal 8, no. 10 (2007): 955–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200006118.

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On 23rd June 2007, after three years of uncertainty, European Union leaders agreed on relaunching the old idea of a Magna Charta for Europe (now called “the Reform Treaty”), a normative structure based on the old ideas of deference to national identities, sovereignty and equality. To many authors, the first time that juridical equality between states was solemnly stated was in the aftermath of the Thirty Years’ War (1618-1648), in the Westphalia Peace Treaties, representing the beginning of modern international society established in a system of states, and at the same time, “the plain affirma

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Belyaev, M. P. "PEACE OF WESTPHALIA AND THE FORMATION OF INTERNATIONAL ECO- NOMIC LAW." Vestnik of the Russian University of Cooperation, no. 3(45) (October 10, 2021): 82–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.52623/2227-4383-3-45-14.

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The article examines the influence of the Peace of Westphalia on the formation of international economic law. The author examines the economic situation in which the Holy Roman Empire found itself as a result of the Thirty Years' War. New customs and road taxes were introduced and old customs tariffs were raised. All continental trade was paralyzed. The decisions of the Westphalian Congress were based on the concept of freedom of trade. All customs duties, taxes and other restrictions that were arbitrarily introduced without the consent of the emperor and the electors were abolished. Even befo

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9

ZREIK, MOHAMAD. "THE WESTPHALIA PEACE AND ITS IMPACT ON THE MODERN EUROPRAN STATE." Quantum Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 2, no. 1 (2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.55197/qjssh.v2i1.41.

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This paper addresses the Westphalia peace, which came after the Thirty Years War as a solution to the crisis among European groups. European history as a whole is black and has many wars, in addition to the division between religious groups such as Protestants and Catholics. The Westphalia peace came to lay the foundation for a modern European state, it helped the emergence of international law, which was based on many international principles and laws that regulate international relations between states in order to control the deteriorating situation and prevent the use of power. It stressed

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10

Wolf, Albert. "The Iran Nuclear Crisis, the Lessons of Westphalia and the Value of Biased Mediation." Journal of Applied History 2, no. 1-2 (2020): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25895893-bja10008.

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Abstract In this paper, I examine one component of the Peace of Westphalia: the use of biased or non-neutral mediators. Biased mediators made a significant, but not the only, contribution to the Peace of Westphalia. Contrary to the received wisdom, biased mediators can be effective in forging peace because they have a vested interest in the success or failure of a settlement, whereas neutral mediators do not have the same stakes at play. I examine the role biased mediators may play in the ongoing nuclear crisis between the U.S. and Iran.

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11

Hutton Ferris, Daniel. "Democratic Peace beyond Westphalia: Kang and Kant." Comparative Political Theory 3, no. 1 (2023): 32–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26669773-bja10042.

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Abstract This piece brings into dialogue two philosophically profound and hugely influential texts on the nature and requisites of international peace: Immanuel Kant’s “Towards Perpetual Peace” (zum Ewigen Frieden) and Kang Youwei’s 康有为 Book of Great Unity 大同书. Both texts articulate bold visions of a world without international war and embed concrete institutional plans for establishing peace within strongly progressivist philosophies of history. But Kang and Kant disagree in some crucial respects. Most significantly: whilst Kant imagines a liberal peace between sovereign states, Kang argues t

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Pickering, Steve. "Divide and Conquer: The Impact of “Political” Maps on International Relations." Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy 20, no. 3 (2014): 461–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/peps-2014-0012.

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AbstractFor researchers and students of International Relations (IR), one date looms larger than all others: 1648. The end of the Thirty Years War, formalized by the signing of the Treaties of Osnabrück and Münster, led to a period known as the “Peace of Westphalia.” Westphalia represented a fundamental change in the power balance of European politics: instead of the Holy Roman Empire holding supreme authority, power would now rest with states themselves, manifested in terms of sovereignty, territory and equality. One of the chief ways in which these “Westphalian” states would cement this auth

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Clingan, C. Edmund, Derek Croxton, and Anuschka Tischer. "The Peace of Westphalia: A Historical Dictionary." German Studies Review 27, no. 3 (2004): 607. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4140990.

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Sandberg, Brian, Derek Croxton, and Anuschka Tischer. "The Peace of Westphalia: A Historical Dictionary." Sixteenth Century Journal 35, no. 1 (2004): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20476883.

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15

Parrott, D. "The Peace of Westphalia: A Historical Dictionary." English Historical Review 118, no. 477 (2003): 792–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/118.477.792.

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16

Wilson, Peter H. "Derek Croxton. Westphalia: The Last Christian Peace." American Historical Review 120, no. 3 (2015): 1130–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ahr/120.3.1130.

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Topić, Marko, Zrinka Erent-Sunko, and Miran Marelja. "Legal Duality of the Peace of Westphalia." Zbornik Pravnog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Rijeci 44, no. 2 (2023): 335–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30925/zpfsr.44.2.2.

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Westfalski mir vratio je stabilnost Europi, okončavši Tridesetogodišnji rat (1618. - 1648.), koji se odvijao pretežno na području Svetog Rimskog Carstva te Nizozemski ustanak, poznat i kao Osamdesetogodišnji rat (1566. - 1648.) između Španjolske i Nizozemske. Nakon uvodnog razmatranja Westfalskoga kongresa, u radu se analiziraju najbitnije odredbe mirovnih ugovora koje im pridaju važnost ustavnopravnog akta Carstva, poput odredbi o vjerskim pitanjima, opće amnestije i prava zemalja Carstva. Na ove ustavnopravne odrednice nadovezuje se pitanje jamstva i zaštite izvršenja sadržanih prava i slobo

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18

Régibeau, Julien. "Beyond Protest." Quellen und Forschungen aus italienischen Archiven und Bibliotheken 103, no. 1 (2023): 289–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/qufiab-2023-0016.

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Abstract The systematic protests by the nuncio Fabio Chigi against the peace treaties negotiated during the Congress of Westphalia (1643–1649) have long been interpreted as a papal diplomatic failure, at a time when the ideal of Christianity was definitively giving way to a Europe made up of states. This paper seeks to move away from this categorical interpretation of the phenomenon. By studying the correspondence of the nuncios stationed in Madrid, Paris, Brussels and Vienna, the aim is to analyse how the peace of Westphalia was received, and determine whether this reception differs from the

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19

Krasner, Stephen D. "Rethinking the sovereign state model." Review of International Studies 27, no. 5 (2001): 17–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210501008014.

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The Peace of Westphalia, which ended the Thirty Years' War in 1648, is generally understood as a critical moment in the development of the modern international system composed of sovereign states each with exclusive authority within its own geographic boundaries. The Westphalian sovereign state model, based on the principles of autonomy, territory, mutual recognition and control, offers a simple, arresting, and elegant image. It orders the minds of policymakers. It is an analytic assumption for neo-realism and neo-liberal institutionalism. It is an empirical regularity for various sociological

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20

Berchev, Daniel. "Navigating the Legacy of Westphalia: The European Union’s Role in Managing Russian-Ukrainian Relations." Bulgarian Journal of International Economics and Politics 4, no. 1 (2024): 23–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.37075/bjiep.2024.1.02.

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This article explores how the principles established in the Treaty of Westphalia continue to shape contemporary geopolitics, particularly in the context of the EU’s efforts to maintain stability in its eastern neighbours. Focusing on the volatile relationship between Russia and Ukraine in the 1998-2021 period, this article aims at analysing the complex dynamics between the Westphalian concept of international order, the EU and the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, shedding light on the complexities of contemporary European geopolitics. Ensuing from the research goal is the threefold research focus:

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Straumann, Benjamin. "The Peace of Westphalia as a Secular Constitution." Constellations 15, no. 2 (2008): 173–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8675.2008.00483.x.

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22

von Friedeburg, Robert. "Westphalia: The Last Christian Peace, by Derek Croxton." English Historical Review 130, no. 547 (2015): 1560–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/cev294.

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MENDELSOHN, BARAK. "God vs. Westphalia: radical Islamist movements and the battle for organising the World." Review of International Studies 38, no. 3 (2012): 589–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210511000775.

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AbstractThis article presents the operation of al-Qaeda and Hizb ut-Tahrir, two of the most radical Islamist movements, through the lens of the relationship between religion as an organising principle for world politics and the state-based logic. It examines these groups in the context of repeated attempts by religious actors throughout history to render religion the dominant and constitutive element in world politics. Prior to the Peace of Westphalia, religion had a critical role in shaping the political landscape, but Westphalia relegated religion to a secondary position. While it accepted r

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조용석. "The Thirty Years’ War and the Peace of Westphalia." THEOLOGICAL THOUGHT ll, no. 184 (2019): 323–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.35858/sinhak.2019..184.012.

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25

Osiander, Andreas. "Sovereignty, International Relations, and the Westphalian Myth." International Organization 55, no. 2 (2001): 251–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/00208180151140577.

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The 350th anniversary of the Peace of Westphalia in 1998 was largely ignored by the discipline of international relations (IR), despite the fact that it regards that event as the beginning of the international system with which it has traditionally dealt. By contrast, there has recently been much debate about whether the “Westphalian system” is about to end. This debate necessitates, or at least implies, historical comparisons. I contend that IR, unwittingly, in fact judges current trends against the backdrop of a past that is largely imaginary, a product of the nineteenth- and twentieth-centu

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Ivonina, Liudmila. "Iconography of Peace Сongresses during the Formation of the Westphallian System". Eikon / Imago 10 (8 лютого 2021): 349–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/eiko.74157.

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The formation of the first state system in Europe took place from the conclusion of the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, as a result of the Thirty Years’ War (1618-1648), to the Utrecht (1713), Rastatt-Baden (1714) and Nystad Congresses (1721) which finished the end of the war of the Spanish Succession and the Northern war. The legal fixation of the Westphallian system was accompanied by its public perception and acceptance. First of all, this was demonstrated by International Congresses, which were not only a common negotiation process, but also a place of representation of the significance and c

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Ivonina, L. I. "Sacralization of Peace by the Choice of Dates for Conclusion of International Treaties within Westphalian System." MGIMO Review of International Relations 14, no. 6 (2021): 140–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2021-6-81-140-152.

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The issues of peace have always been important for historical science. However, in recent years, international historiography began to pay attention to Peace congresses' symbolism and socio-cultural design. The symbolic power of "special days" whether it is a Christian holiday or an event of exceptional significance allowed people of early Modernity to express their attitude to reality and power. An analysis of the choice of the dates for the conclusion of Peace by adversary states within the Westphalian system demonstrates three persistent variants of the dates. The first is signing a peace t

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Lazareva, Arina. "“Great Atlant”: Emperor Ferdinand III (1637—1657) as a German National Hero." ISTORIYA 14, no. 7 (129) (2023): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840027473-9.

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The article deals with the appearance of the image of the Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand III as a national hero in German journalism. There are still not many works devoted to Ferdinand III in historiography. The discussion surrounding his reign continues to highlight the weakness of imperial power during the Congress of Westphalia. The traditions of glorification of rulers were acquired in German printed publications of the middle of the 17th century pronounced national connotation. The Peace of Westphalia gave a new impetus to the development of the German national idea. Despite the emperor’s

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Kunina, I. A. "Westphalian System of International Relations: Formation Dynamics and Disintegration Factors." Nauchnyi dialog 13, no. 8 (2024): 406–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2024-13-8-406-425.

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This article explores the formation and evolution of the system of international relations, asserting that the principles established by the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, which marked the conclusion of the Thirty Years’ War, fundamentally transformed inter-state relations and laid the groundwork for the entire framework of international relations. The author conducts a comprehensive analysis of the core principles of the Westphalian system, identifying criteria and universal indicators of traditional state-centric international relations within this model. The study emphasizes the significance

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Philpott, Daniel. "The Religious Roots of Modern International Relations." World Politics 52, no. 2 (2000): 206–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043887100002604.

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The Protestant Reformation was a crucial spring of modern international relations. Had it lever occurred, a system of sovereign states would not have arrived, at least not in the form or at he time that it did at the Peace of Westphalia. This is the counterfactual the author seeks to sustain. He first advances an elaborated but qualified defense of the conventional wisdom that Westphalia is the origin of modern international relations. He then accounts for how Protestant deas exerted influence through transforming identities and exercising social power. Structural heories, emphasizing changes

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Rose, Margaret A. "The Peace of Westphalia and nineteenth century German history painting." Global Intellectual History 5, no. 1 (2019): 41–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23801883.2019.1586781.

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Beeuwkes, Peter, and Paul Meerts. "The Utrecht Negotiations in Perspective: The Hope of Happiness for the World." International Negotiation 13, no. 2 (2008): 157–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180608x320180.

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AbstractThe Peace Negotiations in the Dutch city of Utrecht (1712–13) and its preliminaries settled the Spanish War of Succession and were used to deal with leftovers of the Westphalia Treaties. More importantly, the peace talks in Utrecht gave the major West European powers the opportunity to create an international framework enhancing stability and cooperation in Europe. The Utrecht talks are analyzed to assess the evolution of the negotiation process. The discussion enhances our understanding of international interstate negotiation processes of the past and, thereby, of the present.

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Ivonina, Liudmila. "The Triumph of Peace: International Congresses and European Society in the Time of Courts and Alliances." ISTORIYA 13, no. 1 (111) (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840018801-0.

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The formation of the first state system in Europe took place from the conclusion of the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, as a result of the Thirty Years&apos; War (1618-1648), to the Utrecht (1713) and Rastatt-Baden (1714) Congresses which finished the end of the war of the Spanish Succession. The legal fixation of the Westphallian system was accompanied by its public perception and acceptance. First of all, this was demonstrated by International Congresses, which were not only a common negotiation process, but also a place of representation of the significance and culture of each state. In fa

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Barchfeld, Marco, and Matthias Asche. "Das Ende der Westfälischen Ordnung im Norden des Reiches?: Die Gestaltungsmächte des Reichsnordens und die territorialen Machtverschiebungen bis zum Großen Nordischen Krieg." Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte. Neue Folge der »Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen« 2024, no. 96 (2024): 35–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.46500/83535681-003.

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Die Bestimmungen des Westfälischen Friedens führten im Norden des Reiches eine Tetrade von vier miteinander um Einfluss ringenden Gestaltungsmächten herbei: Brandenburg-Preußen, Schweden, Dänemark und die Welfen. Ihr Einfluss in der Region resultierte aus ihrer jeweiligen Einbindung in die Strukturen und Verfahren des Reichsgefüges, in denen sie zugleich um die Vorherrschaft in Norddeutschland rangen und die Prozesse zum Teil blockierten. Die Westfälische Ordnung im Reichsnorden zeigte sich überaus instabil, bargen die Friedensinstrumente von 1648 doch das Potenzial für zahlreiche Konflikte z

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Belyaev, Mikhail P. "Recognition of Sovereignty of the Netherlands and the Peace of Westphalia." History of state and law 8 (July 24, 2019): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/1812-3805-2019-8-3-9.

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Croxton, Derek. "The Peace of Westphalia of 1648 and the Origins of Sovereignty." International History Review 21, no. 3 (1999): 569–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07075332.1999.9640869.

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ASCH, RONALD G. "Religious toleration, the Peace of Westphalia and the German territorial estates." Parliaments, Estates and Representation 20, no. 1 (2000): 75–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02606755.2000.9522099.

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Wilson, Peter H. "War in German Thought from the Peace of Westphalia to Napoleon." European History Quarterly 28, no. 1 (1998): 5–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026569149802800101.

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Belyayev, Michail. "THE REPUBLIC OF THE UNITED PROVINCES POLICY AT THE PEACE OF WESTPHALIA CONGRESS AND THE PEACE OF MÜNSTER CONCLUSION." Izvestia of Smolensk State University, no. 1 (49) (May 26, 2020): 211–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.35785/2072-9464-2020-49-1-211-226.

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The Northern Netherlands fought for liberation from Spanish rule for 80 years. The country needed peace and confirmation of sovereignty. Spain, weakened by the war, was also interested in a peace treaty conclusion. Dutch-Spanish negotiations at the Peace of Westphalia Congress had not been held until January, 1646. The parties relatively quickly agreed on the basic terms of the agreement. They managed to resolve the issues of colonial conquest, trade, and the closure of the Scheldt. The contradictions, remained unresolved, concerned the position of the Catholic religion on the Lands of t

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Nugroho, Nugroho. "REFORMASI PROTESTAN DAN PERANG AGAMA PERANCIS." Jurnal Ilmu Agama: Mengkaji Doktrin, Pemikiran, dan Fenomena Agama 20, no. 1 (2019): 69–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.19109/jia.v20i1.3600.

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Protestant Reformation emerged in the 16th century in Europe caused economic factors, politics, nationalism, individualism, renaissance, as well as the practice of indulgences. This study is library research and analyzed with descriptive analytic. Protestant Reformation led to divisions and wars in Christianity that is so terrible that resulted in the sacrifice of life. Resolutions taken the result of the reform protestanya The Peace of Westphalia.

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Wallace, Peter G. "Hostility, Rivalry, and Resistance." French Historical Studies 47, no. 4 (2024): 639–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00161071-11284347.

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Abstract The Peace of Westphalia established 1624 as the normative year for confessional relations within the territories of the Holy Roman Empire, including the imperial estates in Alsace. The treaty also transferred the Habsburgs’ Alsatian lordships and titles to the kings of France. Between 1673 and 1681 Louis XIV brought all the Alsatian states under his sovereignty through military campaigns and negotiations. Though the king outlawed Reformed worship within his kingdom in 1685, Lutheran and Reformed communities within Alsace remained protected by the Westphalian settlement. Royal official

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Whaley, J. "Book Review: La Paix de Westphalie (1648). Une histoire sociale, XVIIe-XVIIIe siecles; The Peace of Westphalia. A Historical Dictionary." German History 22, no. 2 (2004): 121–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026635540402200107.

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Ku, Charlotte. "Catholicism, the peace of Westphalia, and the origins of modern international law." European Legacy 1, no. 2 (1996): 734–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10848779608579476.

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Milton, Patrick. "The Mutual Guarantee of the Peace of Westphalia in the Law of Nations and Its Impact on European Diplomacy." Journal of the History of International Law / Revue d’histoire du droit international 22, no. 1 (2020): 101–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718050-12340132.

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Abstract This paper seeks to investigate how the mutual guarantee clauses of the treaties of Westphalia, which ended the Thirty Years War in 1648, affected European diplomacy until the late eighteenth century. It will first analyse the reception and impact of the guarantee of the Peace of Westphalia in the European Law of Nations and in subsequent treaty law. Secondly, it will assess the practical impact of this feature of the Law of Nations on European diplomacy, and how this influence changed over time. This will also include an analysis of how diplomacy and shifting power-political currents

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Vasetsky, V. Y. "The influence of socio-political events in Europe in the XVI-XVII centuries on the development of legal doctrine of Modern history." INTERPRETATION OF LAW: FROM THE THEORY TO THE PRACTICE, no. 12 (2021): 136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33663/2524-017x-2021-12-23.

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In the history of the country’s development there are periods in which significant changes in social, political and economic life take place. These undoubtedly include the period of the European Reformation of the XVI-XVII centuries. Socio-political events in critical periods are at the same time the source of development in the legal sphere, when often in the struggle crystallize new, necessary for the development of the state, legal provisions of a doctrinal nature. The aim of this paper is to analyze the socio-political events in Europe in the XVI-XVII centuries, the results of the Thirty Y

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Orogbemi, Elias Olajide. "The Resurgence of Transnational Religious Non-State Actors in World Politics." African Journal of Stability and Development (AJSD) 11, no. 2 (2018): 407–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.53982/ajsd.2018.1102.11-j.

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This paper focuses on the role which transnational religious non-state actors play in world politics. Conventionally, world politics has been organised around the principle of state sovereignty since the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. The overall point is that nearly all countries officially organise both domestic and international politics according to “secular” principles, that is, where religious beliefs do not significantly inform decision-making. The Peace of Westphalia secularised world politics by undermining religion and enshrined the territorially bounded sovereign state as the basic un

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Boucher, David. "Resurrecting Pufendorf and capturing the Westphalian moment." Review of International Studies 27, no. 4 (2001): 557–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210501005575.

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In this article I intend to give more attention to Pufendorf's ideas than has been the custom among international relations theorists. The main focus will be upon Pufendorf's distillation and conceptualization of the implications of Westphalia in terms of sovereignty and the integrity of states. Furthermore, his extension of the Aristotelian classification of types of state, and his attempts to go beyond Bodin's and Hobbes's theories of sovereignty, provide the vocabulary and concepts in terms of which the different international actors of the late seventeenth century could be understood. In t

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Vasetsky, Viacheslav. "Changes in the legal sphere as a result of large historical Events." Yearly journal of scientific articles “Pravova derzhava”, no. 34 (August 1, 2023): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33663/1563-3349-2023-34-129-138.

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The paper presents the results of a study of the impact of large-scale historical events on significant changes in the legal field. Today, an event of such a scale is the war waged by the Russian Federation against Ukraine, which, after the undoubted defeat of the Russian Federation in many spheres, will have significant consequences, including in the legal sphere. The war in Ukraine has all the signs of an event of aglobal scale. Socio-political events in the turning points of history are at the same timethe source of development in the legal sphere. This trend can be observed at almost all h

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Lesaffer, Randall. "The Westphalia Peace Treaties and the Development of the Tradition of Great European Peace Settlements prior to 1648." Grotiana 18, no. 1 (1997): 71–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187607597x00064.

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Stec, Stephen. "Humanitarian Limits to Sovereignty: Common Concern and Common Heritage Approaches to Natural Resources and Environment." International Community Law Review 12, no. 3 (2010): 361–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187197310x513743.

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AbstractThe Peace of Westphalia released forces leading to the Industrial Revolution, ultimately freeing sovereign states to develop competing systems of economic development that had in common the uncontrolled exploitation of the environment. Over time, a law of humanity developed in response to the failings of a law of sovereign states in two main spheres: that of the dignity of the individual and that of matters of “common concern” that require a global, humanitarian response. Environmental issues have moved to the forefront of the latter, as can be demonstrated by an examination of terms u

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