Relevant bibliographies by topics / Peace officers

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Peace officers'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Peace officers"

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Neely Jr., Phillip R., and Joseph Cillo JD. "UNDERSTANDING THE LEGAL ASPECT OF LAW ENFORCEMENT HIRING AND RETENTION." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 7, no. 8 (August 31, 2019): 328–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v7.i8.2019.680.

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Law enforcement agencies struggle to hire officers. Law enforcement agencies are compelled to hold applicants to higher standards. Often, due to the danger that may occur, some applicants feel the pay is not worth the risk. Other applicants cannot complete the series of test such as physical agility, psychological, background checks and their criminal history. Even after an officer is hired, they are held to certain standards they must maintain to remain employed. In the State of Georgia, the Peace Officer Standard Training keeps a record of each officer in Georgia that provides the citizens with qualified, professional, trained, ethical and competent peace officers in law enforcement. Any violations could result in the officer certification being suspended or revoked and will show if a person has been fired or quit voluntarily. Hiring and Retention of law enforcement officers will need to be addressed. Police officers or Deputy Sheriffs are needed to maintain order, investigate crimes whether misdemeanors or felonies and crimes against children or the elderly. If agencies cannot retain officer’s criminals would not have consequences for their actions and society would revert to the days of outlaws and common law citizens. Not being able to hire and retain officers can have an impact externally and internally. If officers are not hired or retain the following could cause long term problems such as; officer burnout due to the overtime, case overloads for investigators or detectives, new recruits using the agency as a steppingstone until another job is found.
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Durán, Robert J. "NO JUSTICE, NO PEACE." Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 13, no. 1 (2016): 61–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742058x16000059.

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AbstractThis article provides a thematic overview of a subset of controversial officer involved shootings that have occurred in Denver, Colorado during a period of thirty years (1983-2012). Determining whether a shooting was legally justified involved multiple participants, including local, national, and international representatives. The primary stakeholders were City and County District Attorneys regarding whether to file criminal charges against the officer, and Managers of Safety for whether officers acted within police departmental policy. Although most cases were processed without conflict, a small number were challenged by members of the community based on thematic reasons of shooting individuals who had not committed a crime, violating continuum of force standards, and entrusting law enforcement officers with the power to use deadly force both off-duty and while working secondary jobs. Despite outcome legitimacy vested in a small number of public officials, community members often reported a lack of justice and accountability. They struggled to get public officials to take notice and implement systematic change. Reviewing controversial shootings highlights the multiple issues involved in protecting law enforcement officers from encountering criminal charges, and in essence the procurement of colonial control. Critical Race Theory (interest convergence and storytelling), Social Dominance Theory, along with the historical framework of W. E. B. Du Bois, were utilized to explore a number of officer-involved shootings that continue to produce disparate outcomes by race, class, and gender.
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Wehr, Kevin. "Agency culture and the banality of risk." Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management 38, no. 3 (August 17, 2015): 539–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-03-2015-0025.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role that agency culture, training, and supervision play in the rates of on-the-job seatbelt use among peace officers, as well as other officer safety-related driving concerns such as cell phone use, Mobile Data Terminal use, and other sources of distraction. Design/methodology/approach – Based on semi-structured interviews with California peace officers. Findings – This study found an array of agency culture issues related to on-duty collisions, including distraction, failure to follow policy or procedure, fatigue, self-selection processes among officers and agencies, supervision and field training processes, morale issues, and family/lifestyle issues. Originality/value – To explain these agency culture findings, this paper introduces the concept of the “banality of risk” to understand why many officers choose not to use risk-attenuating equipment. The findings are suggestive of a set of best practices that agencies could consider regarding in-vehicle officer safety.
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Hiatt, Deirdre, and George E. Hargrave. "MMPI Profiles of Problem Peace Officers." Journal of Personality Assessment 52, no. 4 (December 1988): 722–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa5204_11.

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Haron, Munain. "Non-Government Organization Practices on Peace Building Process." JPAIR Multidisciplinary Research 38, no. 1 (October 8, 2019): 245–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.7719/jpair.v38i1.735.

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Generally, this study aimed to determine the influence and contribution of the socio-demographic profile of the NGO officers and practices on the peace-building process. Specifically, it aimed to determine the socio-demographic profile of the NGO officers, the level of practices of NGO activities, the level of conduct of different initiatives on the peacebuilding process, and the effect of the socio-demographic profile and NGO practices on the peacebuilding process. 47 NGO officers who served as respondents of the study. Percentage and frequency were used to describe the socio-demographic profile of the officers. Mean was used to determine the level of practices of NGO and peace-building processes; multiple regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses of the study. It was found out that most of the NGO officers were under the age bracket of 26 – 30 years old male, Maguindanaon, married, primary and high school graduate in Arabic and English Education, had 11,000 – 20,000 monthly income and gave 600 – 1,500 weekly to support the operation of the organization. Findings further revealed that the NGO officers fully practiced relational dimension, peace-building agents, and communication and consultation.
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Varghese,, Anu Achamma, Farhana Mutharintavida,, Fathima Ubaida,, Fathima Sherin, and Rashmi P. "Coping Strategies, After Death Misconceptions and Paranormal Phenomenon amongst Police Officers of Ernakulam, Kerala handling Deceased: A cross sectional study." Journal of Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology 6, no. 1 (June 15, 2020): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/jfct.2454.9363.6120.1.

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Police officers help to maintain peace and security in any nation and checks whether people abide by law of the country and instrumental in bringing justice all over the world. But they go through thick and thin during their career. The aim of the present study is to find out the coping strategy, misconceptions of after-death and paranormal phenomena amongst police officers who handle dead bodies. Participants consisted of Police officers within the age group of 25–60 years. Total of 32 samples were collected from different police stations across Ernakulam District in state of Kerala. Method used was Interview and the data was qualitatively analyzed. The study explored that certain police officers had belief in paranormal phenomenon and misconceptions about after death, other reported that belief in rebirth was based on their religious background. Coping strategies varied in each police officer.
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Hoy, Benjamin. "Dispensing Irregular Justice: State Sponsored Abductions, Prisoner Surrenders, and Extralegal Renditions Along the Canada–United States Border." Law and History Review 35, no. 2 (February 28, 2017): 321–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248017000098.

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In 1899, Levi Edwin Dudley, the American consul at Vancouver, complained about the ways that Canadian and American police officers enacted justice along their shared border. During one of Dudley's investigations into alleged abuses, he spoke with a Canadian officer about the ways that local agents on both sides of the border approached their jobs. The officer, speaking under conditions of anonymity, noted that “on the border here we must do things in an irregular way in order to preserve the peace.” The ability of criminals to move back and forth across the line forced American and Canadian officers to “‘stand in’ with each other, [or] we should have the country filled with desperadoes.” American officers transferred criminals over to Canadian agents without proper clearance and Canadian officers later returned the favor. This system of irregular justice utilized informal prisoner exchanges built on local understandings, professional courtesy, and mutual concern to circumvent the slow, uncertain, and expensive extradition process. For Dudley, this kind of behavior threatened the liberty of citizens in both countries. For the officers tasked with policing a region of bisecting jurisdictions, it was a necessary evil.
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Walby, Kevin. "Ottawa’s National Capital Commission Conservation Officers and the Policing of Public Park Sex." Surveillance & Society 6, no. 4 (June 26, 2009): 367–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ss.v6i4.3268.

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The National Capital Commission (NCC) is an organization responsible for so-called ‘beautification’ and land development around Canada’s capital city, Ottawa. This paper examines surveillance of public sex by NCC conservation officers in Ottawa’s parks. Conceptualizing NCC conservation officer work as policing, I analyze conservation officer occurrence reports obtained through federal-level access to information requests to examine how public male with male sexual activity is problematized and criminalized. This case study of NCC conservation officer work demonstrates how notions of so-called ‘appropriate’ sexuality and space usage can be shaped and reinforced through policing and surveillance conducted by governance agents who have peace officer status. Conservation officers have been excluded from studies of policing because of a bias towards conventional municipal officers in the policing literature as well as the marginal status of specialized enforcement agents. Contributing to the literature on policing of public sex, my analysis of conservation officer occurrence reports suggests that even when bylaws and park regulations concerning erotic acts are written in gender-neutral and innocuous language, these bylaws are enforced in ways that discriminate against public homoeroticism. Though NCC officer policing is integral to attempts at purifying urban space, because of their mandate to promote the spirit of Canada in the lands surrounding Ottawa I argue that sexuality is also a matter of national character for the NCC.
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KUĆ, Kamil, and Walentyna TRZCIŃSKA. "PREPARATION OF POLISH POLICE OFFICERS FOR PEACE MISSIONS." Security and Defence Quarterly 23, no. 1 (March 28, 2019): 126–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.35467/sdq/103349.

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Queiros, C., A. P. Melo, and A. Marques. "Stress perception and sensation seeking in portuguese police officers involved in peace keeping mission in East-Timor." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 1600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73304-1.

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IntroductionPolicing is a stressful activity. Police officers must deal with aggressive people, delinquents, and danger, or with victims and citizens asking for help. Often they don’t have enough material or human resources and they must decide under stressful conditions. In international peacekeeping missions stressful situations are even more frequent, increased also by hostile reactions of the inhabitants of the country, who sometimes refuse the presence of foreign police forces. Despite those situations, some police officers don’t feel stress and show higher sensation seeking, suggesting that personality traits protect from stress.AimsIdentify levels of stress perception and sensation seeking personality traits in a sample of police officers involved in peace keeping mission in East-Timor, included in United Nations police forces.MethodsData were collected using a translation of Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen et al, 1983) and Sensation Seeking Scale (Zuckerman, 1994), applied to 70 male police officers from portuguese “Guarda Nacional Republicana”, after comeback from a peace keeping mission (mean age 31.3 years).ResultsThe results reveal that sensation seeking” exists in our sample, confirming that the police officers had a tendency to search for new experiences and adventure. Low levels of emotional exhaustion and low stress perception were identified, and the sample has a high tolerance for boredom.ConclusionsPersonality traits can protect from stress and sensation seeking is typical of some activities, including policing. The knowledge of personality traits can be useful to choose individuals who must deal with stressful situations, such us peace keeping missions.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Peace officers"

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Coplen, Chris Rolland. "Emergency medical service training for California peace officers." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1989. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/438.

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Elton, Juanita S. "An Exploratory Study of Cultural Competence: Examining Cross Cultural Adaptability in Peace Officers." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1364914071.

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Carrier, Joseph J. "Police training and public policy : the formation and implementation of Peace Officer training in Missouri /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3012954.

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Mibeck, Bryce Michael. "Veteran police officers field training supervisors in ethics and integrity." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2406.

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This project developed a course that could be used by any police agency under the training umbrella of the California Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training (P.O.S.T.). Specifically, the project was developed to be used by the San Bernardino Sheriff's Department and San Bernardino Valley College working with veteran police officers, police training officers, and police supervisors. The course included information from Josephson's Six Pillars of Character, Vicchio's Five Personality Types Lacking Integrity, and an ethical dilemma exercise.
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Urban, Jennifer Danielle. "Symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder in police officers following September 11, 2001." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2474.

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The purpose of this study was to examine what, if any, symptoms of a traumatic stress reaction were still being experienced by police officers, as a result of the events of September 11, 2001, who were geographically distant from the events of that day. Participants included 60 police officers at two southern California law enforcement agencies.
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Garcia, Carlos F. "Negotiating peace with the Reform the Armed Forces Movement/Soldiers of the Filipino People/Young Officers Union : issues and prospects /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1995. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA300082.

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Thesis (M.S. in International Resource Planning and Management) Naval Postgraduate School, June 1995.
Thesis advisor(s): Claude A. Buss, Edward A. Olsen. "June 1995." Bibliography: p. 113-122. Also available online.
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Keyes, Vance DeBral. "A Thin Blue Line and the Great Black Divide: The Inter and Intra Departmental Conflict Among Black Police Officers, Their Agencies, and the Communities in which They Work Regarding Police Use of Force Perception By Black Americans in a Southwestern State." NSUWorks, 2014. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/shss_dcar_etd/28.

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This study explores the relationship between Black police officers, Black citizens, and their external environment using a group of 30 police officers and citizens to establish the connection between police officer race and perceptions by same race citizens within the context of police use of force. I use the term Black to be inclusive of African Americans as well as others of African descent without regard to their ethnicity or national origin. Criminal justice means system application whereas criminology is the study of criminal behavior. In America, there exists a history of volatility between the police and Black communities. While I recognize that many Blacks may have no direct interaction with police, in order to facilitate this research, I rely on a well-known and controversial topic, which is the use of police force within Black communities. The participants involved in the study are employees of one of three large municipal police agencies or enrolled in an institution of higher education within a southwestern state. All participants self-identify as Black or African American. I employ qualitative methods by incorporating in-depth interviews in my research approach. At the conclusion of the study, the two groups’ perception about race, police use of force, and policing are compared, using common themes to develop a shared phenomenon of what it means to be a Black police officer and the Black officer’s relationship with the Black community. I suggest that because Black police officers experience a racial/professional dynamic; their twin identification causes them to believe that the Black community and non-Black officers question their racial and professional loyalty. I also suggest that the perception of Black police officers and Black citizens and the degree of support they enjoy or lack within their respective departments and communities affects their disposition regarding race and policing. Typically, researchers treat police as a homogenous racial group. This study is important because Black officers are neglected within the literature on police use of force and Black citizens are seldom asked about citizen-police relations involving Black officers. In addition, this project examines how the roles of professional and racial subcultures influence perceptions.
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Goins, Jacqueline Lorraine. "Sexual boundary violations between peace officer agencies and offenders." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2074.

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Peace officers across this country have allowed a hostile environment to be created with offenders who are in their custody. An overview of the issues to be addressed in this study will begin with sexual boundary violations among peace officers and offenders, such as physical intimacy and emotional commitment that meets the sexual needs of the peace officer.
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Thieme, Ulrike. "Armed peace : the Foreign Office and the Soviet Union, 1945-1953." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2010. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1735/.

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This thesis examines the role of the Northern Department of the British Foreign Office and its perception of, and attitude towards, the Soviet Union between 1945 and 1953. In these formative years after World War II many assumptions and policies were shaped that proved decisive for years to come. The Northern Department of the Foreign Office was at the centre of British dealings with the Soviet Union after 1945 in an atmosphere of cooling diplomatic relations between both camps. Keeping channels of communications open in order to exploit every opportunity for negotiation and the settlement of post-war issues, officials built up an extensive expertise of Soviet domestic and foreign policy. Their focus on all aspects of Soviet life accessible to them, for example, Soviet domestic and international propaganda, revealed in their view a significant emerging future threat to British interests in Europe and worldwide. This view provided the basis of the analysis of new information and the assessment of the best possible policy options for the British government. The Northern Department tried to exploit those traits of Soviet policy that could persuade the USA and Western Europe to follow British foreign policy initiatives vis-à-vis the Soviet Union in the early Cold War while attempting to balance those weaknesses that could harm this effort. The focus of the Department often varied as a result of Soviet action. Some issues, like the Cominform were of momentary importance while other issues, like the Communist threat and the issue of Western European defence remained on the agenda for many years. A realistic approach to foreign policy allowed officials to exploit and counter-act those Soviet foreign policies seen as most threatening to Britain and those most likely to aid Britain’s recovery of her much desired world role. While the initial optimism after 1945 soon faded and consolidation on both sides was followed by confrontation, officials in London and the embassy in Moscow tried to maintain diplomatic relations to aid Western recovery efforts and support the new foreign policy doctrine of containment. When by the early 1950s entrenchment was speeding up in East and West, the Northern Department nevertheless utilised the available information to support British foreign policy worldwide as well as strengthen the domestic effort to explain the increasing international tension to the British people. Realism on the part of officials, and awareness of the information and options available to them meant that a Britain closely allied to the USA but one that continued to talk to the Kremlin was seen as the best way to achieve a continued world role for Britain and a safe Europe.
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Tolbert, Harrison. "The effects of higher education on law enforcement." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2537.

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This paper focused on many aspects of higher education, and how this complex topic is affeccting law enforcement today and will continue to affect it in the future. The role of police officers has changed over the preceding two hundred years from watchman to professional peacekeeper. Experts attribute this change to increases in societal awareness of crime, the implementation of civil service protection, and educational advances.
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Books on the topic "Peace officers"

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California. Dept. of Justice., ed. California peace officers legal sourcebook. [Sacramento, Calif.]: The Dept., 1990.

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Dramer, Daniel L. Evidence for California peace officers. Oceanside, Calif: Aviary Pub. Co., 1989.

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Dramer, Daniel L. Criminal law for California peace officers. 2nd ed. San Diego, Calif: Aviary Pub. Co., 1986.

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S, Josephson Michael. Becoming an exemplary peace officer: An introduction to peace officer training. [Sacramento, Calif.]: California Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training, 2006.

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Silver, Stephen H. California peace officers rights: A legal guide. Crestline, CA: Advisory Pub., 1990.

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Owens, Ron. Oklahoma heroes: The Oklahoma Peace Officers Memorial. Paducah, Ky: Turner Pub. Co., 2000.

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Commission, Virginia State Crime. Special conservators of the peace and special police: Report of the Virginia State Crime Commission to the Governor and the General Assembly of Virginia. Richmond: Commonwealth of Virginia, 2003.

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Training, Minnesota Board of Peace Officer Standards and. Survey of Minnesota peace officers licensed in 1989. St. Paul, MN: (1600 University Ave., St. Paul, 55104-3825), 1991.

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Mangiaracina, Michael. Courtroom testimony concepts for correctional and peace officers. Woodland, CA: Garrison Desktop Pub., 1992.

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Chaput, Donald. Virgil Earp: Western peace officer. Encampment, Wyo: Affiliated Writers of America, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Peace officers"

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Seerup, Jakob. "Denmark: The Challenges of Peace." In Eighteenth-Century Naval Officers, 161–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25700-2_7.

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de Goede, Meike. "From the Air-Conditioned Offices to the Everyday." In Hybrid Forms of Peace, 146–61. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230354234_8.

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"Officers at Home." In The Horrible Peace, 221–39. University of Massachusetts Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/jj.5425961.19.

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"Peace Officers Versus Professional Law Enforcement Officers." In Virtuous Policing, 93–102. CRC Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b18774-12.

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Tolstoy, Leo. "18." In War and Peace. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199232765.003.0106.

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Going along the corridor the assistant led Rostov to the officers’ wards, consisting of three rooms, the doors of which stood open. There were beds in these rooms and the sick and wounded officers were lying or sitting on them. Some were walking about...
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Tolstoy, Leo. "25." In War and Peace. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199232765.003.0224.

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The officers were about to take leave, but Prince Andrei, apparently reluctant to be left alone with his friend, asked them to stay and have tea. Seats were brought in and so was the tea. The officers gazed with surprise at Pierre’s huge stout...
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Gandert, Slade Richard. "The Security Force as Peace Officers." In Protecting Your Collection, 98–99. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315859699-20.

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"The Officers’ Regiment." In The Imperial Russian Army in Peace, War, and Revolution, 1856-1917, 72–97. University Press of Kansas, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvzsmdfq.10.

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Tolstoy, Leo. "12." In War and Peace. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199232765.003.0040.

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At the levee Prince Andrei stood among the Austrian officers as he had been told to, and the Emperor Francis merely looked fixedly into his face and just nodded to him with his long head. But after it was over the adjutant he had...
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Tolstoy, Leo. "14." In War and Peace. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199232765.003.0189.

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It was nearly three o’clock but no one was yet asleep, when the quartermaster appeared with an order to move on to the little town of Ostrovna. Still laughing and talking, the officers began hurriedly getting ready, and again boiled some muddy water in the...
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Conference papers on the topic "Peace officers"

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Spasić, Danijela, and Ivana Radovanović. "EDUCATION FOR SECURITY: A GENDER PERSPECTIVE IN THE CURRICULA OF POLICE SCHOOLS IN SERBIA." In SECURITY HORIZONS. Faculty of Security- Skopje, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.20544/icp.3.6.22.p05.

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International documents ratified by Serbia, as well as the progress made at the local level in the last ten years, have led to the issue of gender equality becoming one of the most important for the future development of the country, and such a trend is present in the security sector. Implementing gender equality policy through education is one of the methods necessary in this sector. This is indicated, among other things, by the two action plans adopted so far (in the period from 2010 to 2020) for the implementation of UN Security Council Resolution 1325 "Women, Peace and Security" in Serbia. This paper analyses the degree of implementation of gender equality issues, i.e., gender perspective in educational programs on the example of the curriculum of the University of Criminal Investigation and Police Studies and the professional development program of trainees in the Center for Basic Police Training. Based on the analysis of the content of textbooks and language used in the curricula for education and training of police officers, we came to the conclusion that, despite the fact that certain steps have been taken to introduce a gender perspective in security education programs, this issue remains peripheral and the language used often contains words that emphasize gender stereotypes. In conclusion, it was recommended that the gender perspective is not only an integral part of these programs, but also reflects on the content of educational programs and the language in which they are written, which would promote gender equality in the security sector. Keywords: gender equality, gender perspective, security sector, educational programs
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Завойкина, Н. В. "REPRESENTATIVES OF THE SARMATIAN-ALANIAN WORLD IN THE CITIES OF THE ASIAN BOSPOROS IN THE 2nd–3rd CENTURIES." In Hypanis. Труды отдела классической археологии ИА РАН. Crossref, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.25681/iaras.2021.978-5-94375-350-3.72-96.

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В статье исследуется проблема проникновения и адаптации выходцев из сармато-аланского окружения в крупные города Азиатского Боспора во 2–3 вв. н. э. Проникновение алан на территорию к востоку от Меотиды относится к середине 1 в. н. э. С 70–80 гг. аланы стали соседями Боспорского царства на востоке и источником постоянной агрессии для поселений и городов его азиатской части. Письменные источники дают основания думать, что военные конфликты Боспора и меотийских алан, начавшиеся в 80-е гг., завершились мирным соглашением сторон (не без участия Рима) к 140-м гг. Его результатом стал династический брак боспорского царя (вероятно, Реметалка) и некой аланской принцессы. Косвенные данные позволяют предполагать, что это событие случилось после 138 г. и, возможно, было санкционировано Антонином Пием. Во второй четверти 2 – второй четверти 3 вв. н. э. в Фанагории, Гермонассе и Горгиппии засвидетельствованы группы сармато-аланских имен. Их носители являлись гражданами городов (в пользу чего свидетельствуют их полные имена) во втором или третьем поколениях. Наряду с именами в этих городах отмечены находки сармато-аланских тамг с нижней частью в форме «трезубца» (рис. 2). Они известны, главным образом, в пределах территории Боспорского царства. Очевидно, что в каждом из крупных городов Азиатского Боспора проживала определенная сармато-аланская «группировка», которой руководил, как можно предполагать, представитель знати, владевший одной из тамг, нижняя часть которой имела форму «трезубца». Обращает на себя внимание хронологическое совпадение династического брака Реметалка и новых сармато-аланских имен в надписях городов Азиатского Боспора. Наибольшее число их отмечено в Горгиппии. Здесь просматривается совпадение с ономастической ситуацией в Танаисе, где также примерно с середины 2 в. н. э. надписи фиксируют целую группу «новых» сармато-аланских имен. Наличие в городах Азиатского Боспора групп сармато-аланских имен коррелируются с несколькими тамгами, принадлежащими представителям знатных семей (рис. 2–5). Эти люди играли заметную роль в социально-политической и военной жизни Боспора. Они занимали высокие должности в государственных органах власти во второй половине 2 – первой половине 3 вв. н. э. Отчетливо сознавая недостаток в источниках, все же автор статьи считает возможным предложить следующую реконструкцию проникновения выходцев из сармато-аланского мира в социальный организм Боспорского государства. Не исключено, что вместе с аланской принцессой в Пантикапей прибыл отряд всадников-алан, который возглавляли родственники принцессы либо представители других знатных аланских семей. Тамги указывают на представителей трех семей, восходящих к одному роду (нижняя тамга в форме «трезубца»). Появление этого контингента на Боспоре было обусловлено не только необходимостью сопровождать будущую супругу боспорского царя, но и, быть может, одним из условий брачного договора (предоставление отрядов всадников). После заключения брачного союза Реметалк весьма предусмотрительно распорядился этой военизированной группировкой. Какую-то часть всадников он, возможно, оставил в Пантикапее (на это указывают находки бронзовых поясных наконечников с тамгами в некрополе), другую часть во главе с представителями трех знатных аланских семей он направил в Танаис для усиления обороноспособности города после его разгрома в середине 2 в. н. э. Позднее, в правление Савромата II или Рескупорида II, кто-то из членов этих семей оказался в Горгиппии, видимо, также с целью руководства или укрепления военных сил в этой части царства. В правление Савромата II выходцы из этих семей заняли высокое положение в Фанагории и Гермонассе. Участие в частных ассоциация городов было одним из путей социализации эмигрантов и не-граждан в боспорских городах. В Фанагории и, что особенно заметно, в Горгиппии, как и в Танаисе, потомки выходцев из сармато-аланского мира во втором или третьем поколениях выступают членами частных ассоциаций. Их имена уже присутствуют в списках граждан городов. В данном случае речь идет о потомках рядовых всадников-алан. Вполне реалистичным представляется как один из путей варварского проникновения – установление родственных связей с боспорской элитой. Видимо, таким образом можно объяснить погребение двух воинов-сарматов (судя по их тамгам) в склепах аристократической семьи из Горгиппии. Следствием деятельности знатных представителей сармато-аланских семей и их сородичей стало возрастание их роли в военной и административно-политической жизни Боспора со второй половины 2 в. н. э. The article deals with the problem of penetration and adaptation of immigrants of the Sarmato-Alanian world into cities of the Asian Bosporos in the 2nd – 3rd centuries AD. The Alans penetrated to the eastern shore of the Maeotis in the middle of the 1st century AD. After 70–80 AD the Alans became the eastern neighbors of the Bosporan kingdom and raided permanently towns and settlements located in its Asian part. The written sources make us suggest that the military conflicts between Bosporos and the Maiotian Alans which started in the 80-s terminated in a peace treaty in the 140-s (with the participation of Rome). It resulted in a dynastic marriage (possibly of king Rhoimetalkes) with some Alanian princess. Indirect evidence suggests that the event took part after 138 AD and was possibly sanctioned by Antoninus Pius. In the first quarter of the 2nd – second quarter of the 3rd century in Phanagoria. Hermonassa and Gorgippia groups of Sarmatian and Alanian names are testified. Their owners were citizens (their full names are demonstrated it) in the second or the third generation. Along with the names the cities provided finds of Sarmato-Alanian tamgas with characteristic ‘trident-shaped’ lower elements (fig. 2). These are known mainly by finds from the territory of the Bosporan kingdom. Evidently, in each of the large cities of the Asian Bosporos there were groups of Sarmato-Alanian population headed by a nobleman, the owner of one of those trident-shaped tamgas. Noteworthy is the chronological coincidence between the dynastic marriage of Rhoimetalkes and the appearance of new Sarmato-Alanian names in inscriptions from the cities of the Asian Bosporos. Most of them originate from Gorgippia. There is a coincidence with the onomastic situation in Tanais where from the middle of the 2nd century also new groups of Sarmato-Alanian names appear in inscriptions. The presence in the cities of the Asian Bosporos of these names are correlated with a number of tamgas belonging to noble families (fig. 2–5). The role of those people in the social, political and military life of Bosporos was prominent. In the second half of the 2nd – first half of the 3rd century they occupied important offices in the cities. Clearly admitting the lack of information in our sources the author dares to suggest the following reconstruction for the process of penetration of the Sarmatians and Alans into the social structure of the Bosporan kingdom. It is quite possible that along with the Alanian princess some unit of equestrian Alans arrived in Pantikapaion, commanded by her relatives or other noblemen. The tamgas point to the presence of three families related to one clan (the trident-shaped element in the tamgas). Those Alans could act as a retinue for the bride of the king, or their arrival was fixed among the terms of the marriage contract. After his wedding Rhoimetalkes found a reasonable use for this military unit. Some of them he settled in Panticapaion (which is testified by finds of bronze belt tips with tamgas from the necropolis), another group headed by representatives of three noble families he sent to Tanais, to ensure the Н. В. Завойкина 74 defensive power of the city which had suffered in the middle of the 2nd century. Later, in the reign of Sauromates II or Rhescuporis II some members of these families came to Gorgippia, possibly also to improve its military power. In the reign of Sauromates II these people rose to high offices in Phanagoria and Hermonassa. Their participation in the private associations of the cities was one of the ways allowing non-citizens to penetrate within local urban societies. In Phanagoria and especially in Gorgippia as well as in Tanais the descendants of Alanian warriors in the 2nd or the 3rd generation figure as members of private associations. Their names are already included in the lists of citizens. In this case they are not necessarily noblemen but ordinary warriors. Marriage ties with the Bosporan elite helped to obtain citizenship. It could explain the burial of two Sarmatian warriors (judging by their tamgas) in the crypts of aristocratic families of Gorgippia. The activity of Alanian nobles and their relatives ensured the confirmation of their position in military, political and administrative life of the Bosporan kingdom beginning the 2nd half of the 2nd century AD.
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Reports on the topic "Peace officers"

1

Young, Terry J. Title 4 - Joint Officer Personnel Policy: A Peace Dividend is Required. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada247882.

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2

Riquier, Marie. Improving the Prospects for Peace in South Sudan: Spotlight on Measurement. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/czjs5771.

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A convergence of entrenched insecurity and climate change is having serious socio-economic implications in South Sudan where humanitarian conditions, including food insecurity, continue to deteriorate. In 2022, 8.9 million people were in need of humanitarian assistance, out of a population of 11 million. In 2022, the World Food Programme (WFP) provided food assistance to nearly 6 million people. This food assistance has direct and indirect impacts on peace and conflict dynamics. This has led the WFP country office to ramp up its peace ambition in South Sudan. This report presents the findings of the measurement deep dive, which explores how current monitoring systems, internal processes and data can be adapted to capture WFP’s contribution to improving the prospects for peace in South Sudan. The findings are based on a desk review of programme documents, in-depth interviews and field-based research in the capital Juba and Bor (Jonglei State capital). The report offers 11 recommendations on how WFP South Sudan can leverage existing processes and continue to adapt its monitoring systems to overcome some of the challenges ascribed to monitoring, assessing and measuring contributions to peace in conflict-affected locations.
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3

Millican, Juliet. Education and Stability Learning Journey: Lessons Learned and Emerging Issues. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.013.

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This document brings together key findings from a Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO) Learning Journey designed to explore the relationship between education, conflict, and stability. Prepared by the Knowledge, Evidence and Learning for Development Programme (K4D), it responds to questions from FCDO on how education interventions can build peace and stability, drawing together research and lessons from FCDO posts, and input from leading academics. The Key messages are: 1) Education matters for peace. 2) At the same time, education can exacerbate conflict. 3) All education interventions need to be grounded in robust political economy and conflict analyses. 4) To avoid instrumentalising education simply as a tool for security. 5) Taking a pragmatic inter-sectoral approach to maximise opportunities. 6) Recogniseing the links between education and inclusive economic development 7) Acknowledging unavoidable trade-offs in meeting the needs of different groups. 8) Aiming for nationally owned systemic change rather than piecemeal interventions 9) To consider the importance of different educational sectors, 10) Recognising that the recommendations set out by the global education agenda are difficult to achieve in situations of extreme instability.
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4

Suarez, David, Roni Szwedzki, César P. Bouillon, Ángela González, Anna Risi Vianna Crespo, Lynn Scholl, Juan Manuel Puerta, Oscar Quintanilla, and Juan Carlos Di Tata. Country Program Evaluation: El Salvador (2009-2014). Inter-American Development Bank, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010607.

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This country program evaluation (CPE) was conducted during the preparation of a new country strategy with El Salvador for the 2015-2019 period. The evaluation therefore includes the findings from the strategy in effect from 2010 to 2014 (document GN-2575). According to the country program evaluations protocol (document RE-348-3), the main goal of the CPE is "to provide information on Bank performance at the country level that is credible and useful, and that enables the incorporation of lessons and recommendations that can be used to improve the development effectiveness of the Bank's overall strategy and program of country assistance."Accordingly, this CPE aims to analyze the Bank's relationship with the country, from an independent and holistic viewpoint, assessing in particular the program's relevance, efficiency, effectiveness, and sustainability, including both financial and nonfinancial products offered by the Bank during the period under analysis. This is the third independent evaluation of the country program carried out by OVE. The first (document RE-307) covered the 1992-2004 period, which was characterized by rapid economic growth in the wake of the Chapultepec Peace Accords. The second OVE evaluation (document RE-360) covered the 2004-2008 period; it was marked by the limited results of the ambitious reform program embarked upon in the late 1990s, as well as the political polarization that affected the Bank's program with the country. As part of this evaluation, the team visited El Salvador on two occasions and interviewed 120 people, including the Governor of the Bank, the Minister of Finance, the Chairman of the Central Reserve Bank of El Salvador, and other top government and central bank officials. The mission also met with representatives of academia and the private sector. Lastly, the team interviewed all the staff at the Bank's Country Office, including the Representative, the chief of operations, sector specialists, fiduciary specialists, and operations analysts. This evaluation is accompanied by sector annexes on the economy and public finances, the social protection, transportation, water and sanitation, housing and urban development sectors, and a general portfolio analysis annex.
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5

Peace Celebrations July 1919 - Head Office decorations, view from Pitt Street - 21 July 1919. Reserve Bank of Australia, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rba_archives_pn-000919.

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Peace Celebrations July 1919 - Head Office decorations, view from Moore Street - 21 July 1919. Reserve Bank of Australia, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rba_archives_pn-000918.

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7

Second Peace Loan Campaign in NSW - Exterior of Head Office and Diggerville - August - September 1920. Reserve Bank of Australia, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rba_archives_pn-001813.

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Commonwealth Bank - Head Office cnr Pitt Street & Martin Place - Peace Celebrations July 1919 - Head Office and GPO decorations - 21 July 1919 (plate 441). Reserve Bank of Australia, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rba_archives_pn-000917.

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Commonwealth Bank - Head Office cnr Pitt Street & Martin Place - Peace Celebrations July 1919 - Head Office decorations view from Martin Place - 21 July 1919 (plate 302). Reserve Bank of Australia, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rba_archives_pn-000920.

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10

Flag flown at Buckingham Palace during Peace Demonstrations, brought to Head Office by Mr Strack in December 1919 (plate 202). Reserve Bank of Australia, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rba_archives_pn-002647.

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