Academic literature on the topic 'Peace, Recovery and Development Plan (Uganda)'

Whereas there is a consensus on the significance of rebuilding conflict-torn states and societies, there is no agreement on how it should be done. The dominant framework of post-war rebuilding is clearly biased to rebuilding the ‘hardware’. This article argues that the government’s attempt to rebuild the Rwenzori sub-region in the aftermath of the Allied Democratic Forces war adopted the conventional approach that pays less attention to rebuilding ‘software’. It further asserts that the recovery programme was symbolic given that government wished to avoid the political consequences of not taking action at all. Symbolism not only led to flawed performance of the recovery programme but also negatively affected peace building in the sub-region. The article advocates not only for a synergy of rebuilding ‘hardware’ and ‘software’ but also for a nuanced approach that triangulates top-down and bottom-up approaches at all stages of post-conflict recovery.

This article explores why a massive effort to promote peace, democratic governance, economic recovery, and poverty-reduction in Mozambique produced social, economic and spatial fragmentation in urban areas. Drawing on the experience of several Mozambican cities in the immediate post-war period, the article shows how international peace-building, economic transition, and decentralised governance had unintended consequences that fragmented and fractured urban areas. Interdictory spaces, distorted housing markets and widespread corruption are among the features of the urban landscape fostered by these post-war transitional processes. In contrast to the profound effects of wider forces on urban spatial, social and political relations, efforts to plan the cities have been strikingly ineffective. Possible causes for this failure are discussed and include the high levels of donor dependence, internal political struggles over the role of planning, the limited levels of political enfranchisement, and the conceptual basis of contemporary planning. The article concludes with discussion of the challenges to planning for urban settlements that better meet the needs of the Mozambican people.

This article examines the multifaceted assistance provided by the European Union and the Council of Europe to Ukraine in response to Russian aggression. It delves into the various forms of support, including financial, humanitarian and institutional assistance, with a particular focus on strengthening the judiciary. Through initiatives such as the Council of Europe Action Plan and the establishment of the Register of Damage, international partners are seeking to accelerate Ukraine's recovery and address human rights violations. The authors emphasise the importance of ongoing cooperation to strengthen Ukraine's resilience and democratic progress, advocating for continued support to promote peace and stability in the region. The authors provide a thorough analysis of the legal and regulatory framework and the criteria for European assistance to Ukraine. They emphasise the key role of the justice sector in ensuring good governance, upholding the rule of law and restoring violated rights. The study describes in detail the financial assistance envisaged in the Council of Europe's Action Plan for 2023-2026 entitled "Resilience, Recovery and Reconstruction". The analysis shows that EU financial assistance has been instrumental in addressing the challenges of sustaining the justice system. Economic support to the justice sector, which is monitored by the Council of Europe, aims, among other things, to strengthen judicial expertise, develop free legal aid institutions, formulate programmatic documents for prison reform, implement pilot projects for prison management recommended by the Council of Europe, and strengthen oversight mechanisms for penitentiary institutions. The authors conclude by stressing the need to promote the development of the justice sector and ensure its financial support as an integral part of effective public administration.

The purpose of this study is to analyse the current state of the economy and public finances in Ukraine and to develop an inclusive and collaborative framework for their post-war recovery. The main research methods used were quantitative, qualitative and documentary analysis. Quantitative analysis was used to evaluate and compare key economic and financial indicators between different countries, as well as to identify trends, including inclusive ones, in the development of the economy and public finances. Qualitative analysis was used to study and analyse the political, social and economic factors that influence the development of an inclusive economy and public finance after conflicts. The documentary analysis was used to assess the legal and regulatory framework governing economic and financial relations in Ukraine and other countries, and to determine the capacity of the existing regulatory system to ensure inclusive post-war recovery. The results of the study, based on the study of empirical material and typologies of best practices of countries that have been in various types of conflicts, prove the need for an in-depth study of the interactions and interdependencies between the inclusive economy and public finance based on the Inclusive Growth Index and structural changes in the issues of the impact of inclusion on the ontogeny of public finance, solving problems with corruption, involvement of civil society institutions and adaptation of SMEs to the conditions of the military economy. The paper also identifies structural, fiscal and debt obstacles to ensuring the sustainability of public finances, which threatens Ukraine's further post-war recovery based on an inclusive paradigm. The authors present the key determinants of post-war recovery based on an inclusive country ranking, which should underpin further progress in public finance in the context of short-, medium- and long-term post-war goals. The study's conclusions are based on the inclusive economy paradigm, which forms an ecosystem of rationalisation of natural resources and the use of innovations, which should become the basis for post-war recovery, ensuring sustainable and balanced development of public finances and inclusive economic policy based on the Ukrainian Peace Formula. To this end, the article substantiates the need to develop a modified version of the strategy (in the tactical projection – more broadly adapted to the conditions of the wartime economy, the need to provide financial resources for the shift in economic policy from raw material orientation to inclusive development, in the medium term – anti-crisis correction of behavioural models of economic agents in the direction of imbuing the Ukraine Facility Plan for 2024-2027 with the spirit of inclusion and barrier-free access, and in the long term – achieving the goals of post-war recovery, ensuring the sustainability of public finances and the national economy) for reforming the public finance management system, which should organically include the post-war recovery of Ukraine and take into account the inclusiveness of the economy, taking into account the programmed joint evolutionary progress in the specified niche (sectoral) strategies. The new socio-economic, financial and budgetary reality coloured by the Russian-Ukrainian war makes it necessary to rethink the interactions and interdependencies between inclusion, public finance and the potential for post-war recovery, both as a result of their collaboration and multidirectional development. The unregulated transition of economic policy to inclusive development is the root cause of the current restraint of transformational changes in public finance, and further creates a regulatory "vacuum" in the unbalanced development of niche strategies that define the paradigm of inclusion and sustainability of public finance. In such a disposition, there is no logical institutional and regulatory "flow" between these strategies to the conceptualisation of Ukraine's post-war recovery from the consequences of the war, as expressed in the Ukraine Facility Plan for 2024-2027.

Abstract “Community Radio – a different kind of radio, we work with our people. Together we plan, together we decide; together we implement. We work with our people” (GCRN Community Radio Anthem) 1. This practice-based article presents the experiences and reflections of two pioneer organizations which are continuously innovating with the use of community radio. We share reflections on its use as a tool for building inclusive communities that are able to seek accountability, especially for those facing intersecting inequalities deriving from identity-based as well as other social, economic and spatial drivers. These organizations are Radio Ada–based in the Greater Accra region in Ghana, founding member of the Ghana Community Radio Network (GCRN) and the Soroti Justice and Peace Commission (SOCAJAPIC) in North Eastern Uganda. Both organizations see community radio as central to their participatory practice, through which they articulate and promote the right to communicate as fundamental for inclusion and accountability 2. They partnered with the Institute of Development Studies (IDS) in the UK to explore how participatory action research processes can contribute to building sustainable social inclusion and pathways to accountability for the most marginalized (see Shaw, Howard and López Franco (2020) Article in this issue). The article is primarily based on an interview with Wilna Quarmyne, Kofi Larweh, Ben Boham Okiror and John Elyanu, founding members and leaders of Radio Ada and SOCAJAPIC, respectively, but also draws on research data and from previous stages of work with both organizations as part of the Participate initiative’s research on accountability for those most marginalized (Burns, Ikita, López Franco, Shahrokh, (2015) Citizen Participation and Accountability for Sustainable Development, IDS, Brighton; Howard, López Franco and Wheeler (2017) Participatory Monitoring and Accountability and the Sustainable Development Goals: A Learning Report of the Participate Network, Participate Network, Brighton. Find the full report at: https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/bitstream/handle/123456789/13326/Participate_LearningReport_Final.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y). Other reflective moments and dialogue, resulting through rounds of feedback to drafts of this article, have also shaped the outcome. The piece is organized in four sections in an aim to explain how community radio has been a key driver of accountability for populations confronting intersecting inequalities, through combining this with different expressions of participatory performing arts 3, simplified here as processes whereby “participants instigate and realise their own creative idea. They are the directors/curators of the piece. Professional artist/s are involved if it is the participants” decision to do so’ (Tiller 2013 p11). The first section introduces the work of Radio Ada and SOCAJAPIC, explaining their approach to community radio, performing arts and social change, by each organization. Section 2 presents reflections on using radio as a means for shifting social norms in the quest for building inclusion. Section 3 speaks to the ways that community radio is being used to support multiple marginalized groups in seeking accountability. Section 4 presents some limitations and obstacles emerging for community radio stations to maintain their work towards sustained social change.

It is substantiated the relevance of adaptation to the conditions of post-war socio-economic reconstruction of Ukraine of modern approaches of social quality policy of the European Union, historically based on the principles of social peace, social equality and justice, social well-being and quality of life of the population. It is shown the expediency of such adaptation in connection with the formation of a clear demand for a stable post-war life in security, welfare and social justice in the Ukrainian society, which suffers from the full-scale military aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine, launched on February 24, 2022. It is described a new conceptual approach in the construction of national systems of social protection and social insurance, providing for the formation of social pillars necessary for the security of national economies in post-crisis recovery. It is described the content and features of the main approaches of the latest EU policy aimed at improving the parameters of social quality in the development of the member states, aiming to achieve three priority social objectives of the European Union for the period until 2030. It is characterized current institutional components of the current EU development such as the European Pillar of Social Rights, Social Economy Action Plan, Strategy for the Rights of Persons with Disabilities 2021–2030, the Skills Partnership for the Digital Ecosystem, the Directive on the Adequate Minimum Wage in the EU, etc. in the context of social quality assurance. Characteristic contemporary approaches to improving the social component of the state anti-crisis policy are described. Taking into account contemporary European practices of intensifying social dynamics and proposals of international institutions for post-war reconstruction of Ukraine, recommendations for specific measures of domestic public policy aimed at ensuring social quality of life in the post-war period were developed.

Considering climate change and growing ecological threats, achieving climate neutrality requires close attention from the state and the involvement of new tools, including those of the so-called green financing. This paper aims to determine the feasibility of combining the tasks of reducing the debt burden and expanding investments in environmental programs in Ukraine, using innovative tools for public finance management, such as debt-for-nature and debt-for-climate swaps. It substantiated the necessity of coordinating debt-for-environment investment programs within the framework of Ukraine’s National Recovery Plan and initiatives implemented in Ukraine with the active participation of the World Bank Group. The advantages of this approach are ensuring clear interaction with international financial institutions and expanding the practice of greening public management. Based on statistical data for 2009–2022, the results demonstrate the growth of negative debt dynamics and characterize limited financing environmental restoration in Ukraine. Relying on international practices, the study conducted a comparative analysis to identify the most significant characteristics of the new debt green conversion instruments as well as the advantages and limitations of their use in Ukraine. The paper offers scenarios for implementing the concept of debt-for-nature exchange in the conditions of Ukraine. It shows the result of the formation of a new debt payment profile. These findings can raise state authorities’ awareness of making proper decisions regarding debt policy and public finance management. AcknowledgmentThe study presents the results of a study conducted as part of the scientific project “Formation of the foundations of nationally rooted stability and security of the economic development of Ukraine in the conditions of the hybrid “peace-war” system” (state registration number 0123U100965).

The protracted war intensifies Ukraine’s political, financial, and economic dependence on partner countries, which determines the importance of protecting national interests and strengthening its own competitive advantages. At the same time, further integration of the country into the global economic space is a victory, national security, and a successful post-war recovery guarantee. It determines the importance of the historical assessment of the integration processes’ role in national economic development. The purpose of the study is to summarize the results of the European integration impact on the post-war economic reconstruction of the Western European countries in terms of overcoming the region's financial and economic dependence on foreign aid and protecting national interests. Concepts of international economic integration are the theoretical basis of the research. The research methodology is based on the problem-logical, historical-genetic, comparative, and statistical analysis. The research determines that the formation of regional European associations and the involvement of Western European countries in the integration processes, which was carried out through the trade barriers reduction, the multilateral agreements, and the assistance regime agreements, was caused by a number of conditions and factors, including harmful post-war social and economic consequences, the destabilization of American-European trade and the dollar deficit, powerful foreign aid within the framework of the Marshall Plan, which contributed to the restoration of the industrial and commercial potential of countries, the joint policy of the US and Western European countries regarding security, peace, and prosperity. It has been proven that in the post-war reconstruction terms, trade and economic integration became a determinant of the activation of intra-European trade, the formation of a single European market, the strengthening of export technology, which helped to overcome the financial and economic dependence of the region on the USA and the realization of the national competitive advantages of the Western European countries in international trade. The integration processes were an induced, but objective response of the Western European governments to post-war threats and risks. Although integration involved some limitations of countries in terms of legal regulation and the joint implementation of trade, monetary, and financial policies, it led to the formation of a system of supranational economic management based on democratization, harmonization, and consolidation, contributed to the realization of national interests in terms of political security and economic growth.

The high probability of permanent loss of professional fitness and a significant risk of disability of the injured as a result of limb injuries with peripheral nerve damage contribute to both the continuous improvement of surgical techniques on the peripheral nerves, and the implementation of experimental and anatomical studies aimed at developing new ways to restore the lost innervation. Various types of peripheral nerve injuries are observed in peace and wartime victims in 2-6% and 9.8% of cases, respectively. The high degree of disability of patients with the consequences of peripheral nerve injuries requires improvement of diagnostic and reconstructive plastic approaches in this category of patients. A promising method of restoration of the distal part of the crossed nerve with extensive defects of the nerve trunk is its connection with the lateral surface of the intact donor nerve by the end-to-side neurorraphia. The lack of unambiguous views on the nature of reinnervation in this case, even in the presence of single publications on the positive outcomes of such interventions allow us to use this method only in the absence of the possibility of using autonerval transplants to replace extensive defects of peripheral nerves. The purpose of the study: in experiments on laboratory animals to determine the features of modeling trauma of nerve trunks in relation to the development of the main stages of recovery of lost innervation by connecting peripheral nerves by the end-to-side neurorraphia and to determine the range of simple and demonstrative methods of clinical and instrumental control of the functional state of the restored peripheral nerves in a long-term experiment on laboratory animals. Methods. A comprehensive experimental surgical and clinical-instrumental study was performed on 61 laboratory animals (Chinchilla rabbits of both sexes, phenotypically healthy individuals). In the experimental operating room under intravenous anesthesia, modeling of peripheral nerve defect was performed by resection of the total peroneal nerve with a length of 1 cm at the level of the middle third of the thigh. In animals of the studied group (n=39) to restore innervation, the "end-to-side" neurorraphia of the distal portion of the crossed common peroneal nerve with a specially formed defect of the perineural membrane on the lateral surface of the tibial nerve was performed. In the comparison group (n=22) no replacement of the defect of the common peroneal nerve was performed. The follow-up period after experimental interventions ranged from 1 to 290 days. Morphofunctional state of restored nerve trunks was determined by clinical, radiological and electrophysiological methods. Research results. Performing unilateral resections of the common peroneal nerve in laboratory animals (rabbits) with subsequent restoration of the distal portion of the crossed nerve by connecting it by the end-to-side neurorraphia with a nearby intact donor nerve allows to obtain reproducible in the experiment positive results of tissue reinnervation. Indirect assessment of the functional state of the restored nerves is possible using simple and accessible clinical tests, for example, the amplitude of the abduction of the toes of experimental animals in the study of the unconditional reflex of preparation for landing characterizes the conductivity of the common peroneal nerve. When performing experimental studies with multi-stage reconstructive plastic interventions on the peripheral nerves of laboratory animals, the inclusion of radiological methods in the complex of diagnostic measures allows performing in vivo visualization of the surgical intervention area, the restored nerve trunk, as well as the tissues innervated by its branches, which makes it possible to adjust the plan of subsequent morphological studies. Conclusions Performing resection of the common peroneal nerve of laboratory animals (rabbits) at the level of the middle third of the femur as a model of peripheral nerve injury allows to practice the technique of restoration of the distal section of the crossed nerve by connecting it with the adjacent intact donor nerve of the end-to-side neurorraphia. Performing a simple test with the initiation of an unconditional reflex of preparation for landing allows us to qualitatively assess the functional state of the common peroneal nerve in experimental animals. 3. The inclusion of radiological research methods in the program of comprehensive assessment of the peripheral nerves allows to perform their visualization in vivo with the definition of the main morphological characteristics of the restored in experimental reconstructive plastic interventions of nerve trunks.

This article presents a qualitative study conducted in Gulu district, northern Uganda, in 2018 and 2019 on peacebuilding through early childhood care and education. The aim of the study was to understand the roles played by the parents and early childhood development institutions in promoting peacebuilding traits in children, which is not the norm in evidence-based studies and literature. The study was framed by the ecology-of-peace framework, the root causes or justice theory and the sociocultural theory. The study was exploratory, cross-sectional and descriptive in nature and adopted two non-probability sampling techniques, namely purposive and convenience sampling. Semi-structured primary source data were collected through key informant interviews. Other sources of data were four non-participatory observations of children in three centres and document reviews of the Ugandan National Integrated Early Childhood Development Policy and its action plan, lesson plans and the curriculum. The findings indicate that many of the core parental roles fulfil the requirements for successful peacebuilding through early childhood care and education approaches, yet have gone unnoticed in peacebuilding and early childhood care and education. The role of early childhood care and education complement that of parents in preparing children to be better citizens. Recommendations are directed to stakeholders to support early childhood care and education.

After the Second World War, the United States offered a new kind of atom that differed from the bombs that destroyed Hiroshima and Nagasaki. This atom would cure diseases, produce new foods, make deserts bloom, and provide abundant energy for all. It was an atom destined for the formerly colonized, recently occupied, and mostly non-white parts of the world that were dubbed the “wretched of the earth” by Frantz Fanon. The “peaceful atom” had so much propaganda potential that President Dwight Eisenhower used it to distract the world from his plan to test even bigger thermonuclear weapons. His scientists said the peaceful atom would quicken the pulse of nature, speeding nations along the path of economic development and helping them to escape the clutches of disease, famine, and energy shortfalls. That promise became one of the most misunderstood political weapons of the twentieth century. It was adopted by every subsequent US president to exert leverage over other nations’ weapons programs, to corner world markets of uranium and thorium, and to secure petroleum supplies. Other countries embraced it, building reactors and training experts. Atomic promises were embedded in Japan’s postwar recovery, Ghana’s pan-Africanism, Israel’s quest for survival, Pakistan’s brinksmanship with India, and Iran’s pursuit of nuclear independence. As The Wretched Atom shows, promoting civilian atomic energy was an immense gamble, and it was never truly peaceful. American promises ended up exporting violence and peace in equal measure. While the United States promised peace and plenty, it planted the seeds of dependency and set in motion the creation of today’s expanded nuclear club.

Postwar recovery is an elusive term. Often it is identified with words like reconstruction or nation and peace building and may be related to historical events such as the American Civil War or the Marshall Plan. Perhaps, however, the term is elusive because its distinct parts offer it a host of meanings. Post is a prefix that means after or later, war is the exertion of violence or hostility, and recovery is a restoration or return. As such, postwar recovery might be read as “after exerting violence, return later and restore hostility.” While this may be a word game, the semantics of postwar recovery, at face value, provoke some very difficult questions. At least, what is war, what is peace, and in the absence of both, what is to be recovered? In the past, recovery has encompassed almost every level of society, from institutions and government to economies, industry, infrastructure, and housing. At its best, recovery has embodied aspirations for future peace; at its worst, it has remained the harsh reality of sifting through ashes to find what is left. As part of the geographic study of war and peace, this introduction to the field of postwar recovery presents a brief history of its modern development by emphasizing the intersections of territorial sovereignty, international intervention, and subnational spaces. The chapter concludes by discussing its application in the field from the perspective of international practitioners. Part of the analysis reflects calls for further study on issues relevant to both geography and postwar recovery such as the impact of Non-Governmental Organizations on the “front lines” of geopolitics or issues of migration, a major propellant of which is violent conflict. Suggesting potentials for synthesis of postwar recovery and geography, the analysis alludes to different scales of recovery and through a case study of northern Afghanistan presents regional elements of postwar environments and their impact on field level recovery. The history of postwar recovery parallels that of political geography and has seen the task of civilians to restore, with limited assistance, what was lost in war become a multibillion-dollar industry infused with state responsibilities, international intervention, and structured civilian participation.