Journal articles: 'Peace Weapons'

1

York, Herbert F. "Making weapons, talking peace." Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 44, no. 4 (1988): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00963402.1988.11456151.

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Brown, Robert L., and Jeffrey M. Kaplow. "Talking Peace, Making Weapons." Journal of Conflict Resolution 58, no. 3 (2014): 402–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002713509052.

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Kaul, Inge. "Peace Needs No Weapons." Ecumenical Review 47, no. 3 (1995): 313–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1758-6623.1995.tb03715.x.

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York, Herbert F. "Making Weapons, Talking Peace." Physics Today 41, no. 4 (1988): 40–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.881149.

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Nakagawa, Takeo R. M., and Akiyoshi Kinami. "Toward Eternal Peace in the Universe." Advances in Social Sciences and Management 2, no. 4 (2024): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.63002/assm.24.433.

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This study is concerned with the origin of war and way to eternal peace in the world. The origin of war is our fighting instinct accompanying with any weapon including iron bar and/or gun, and as long as it exists, in principle it is impossible for human society to avoid the war. In other words, since war is caused by fighting instinct that exists in the hearts of human beings, the first step to root out the war among us is to abandon all weapons at all. It is inferred that this is the start for eternal peace in our society and world, All of us are children of the God, there is no reason to fight each other with weapons. Let’s regain the Paradise on the Earth by establishing the Upper House in United Nations consisting of religious and/or saint leaders. To achieve eternal peace in the world, it is essential to harmonize discrepancies regardless of size among religions and to make disarmament until no weapons. Finally, but not least, proposed is quasi-war, in which people having strong fighting instinct play certain sports game between two conflicting countries instead of war using bloodshed weapons. It may be possible for us to solve the problem by fighting the sports games such as soccer, rugby and so on, under the strict rules. In this way, anyone could control fighting instinct adequately but peacefully. Accordingly, all of us can contribute to build up the Paradise where we live in luxury and in harmony.

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Shahzad, Shahbaz Ahmed. "Changing Nuclear Norms in South Asia: A Threat to Regional Peace." Research Journal for Social Affairs 2, no. 3 (2024): 45–53. https://doi.org/10.71317/rjsa.002.03.0081.

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This article is about changing the normative behavior about the usages of nuclear weapons and the emerging threat of nuclear war in South Asia. It is a general belief that deterrence has provided strategic stability against the usage of a nuclear weapon. Little attention has been paid over the years to normative behavior that gradually emerged and refrained states from preemptive nuclear strikes. Leaders of both India and Pakistan repeatedly claimed that these weapons are only for defensive purposes. But with changing geopolitical situation this normative behavior has changed. India adopted Cold Start Doctrine (Though it is a conventional military strategy) but due to a huge disparity in the conventional military weapon, Pakistan developed tactical nuclear weapons and adopted the idea of full-spectrum deterrence. When India did not manage to punish Pakistan with conventional means it started looking for other options. The idea of a preemptive counterforce strike and changing of Indian nuclear doctrine got attention. With these debates about nuclear strikes underway, Intrusion by Indian jets inside Pakistan in February 2019, put both countries on brink of war which could escalate into nuclear. Although war averted that time, recently India had repealed the special constitutional status of Occupied Kashmir, which again aggravated the situation. With this changing normative behavior and deepening crisis between both states chances of war that can turn nuclear is now maximum than ever.

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Waltz, Kenneth N. "Nuclear Myths and Political Realities." American Political Science Review 84, no. 3 (1990): 730–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1962764.

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Two pervasive beliefs have given nuclear weapons a bad name: that nuclear deterrence is highly problematic, and that a breakdown in deterrence would mean Armageddon. Both beliefs are misguided and suggest that nearly half a century after Hiroshima, scholars and policy makers have yet to grasp the full strategic implications of nuclear weaponry. I contrast the logic of conventional and nuclear weaponry to show how nuclear weapons are in fact a tremendous force for peace and afford nations that possess them the possibility of security at reasonable cost.

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Talentino, Andrea Kathryn, and Frederic S. Pearson. "Weapons of War, Weapons of Peace: DDR Processes in Peacemaking." International Peacekeeping 27, no. 1 (2019): 152–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13533312.2019.1623676.

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9

Rotblat, Joseph, and Donald J. Montgomery. "Weapons Need Nukes; World Peace Doesn't." Physics Today 48, no. 2 (1995): 81–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2807928.

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Reuter, Christian, Jürgen Altmann, Malte Göttsche, and Mirko Himmel. "Natural Science and Technical Peace Research: Definition, History, and Current Work." Sicherheit & Frieden 38, no. 1 (2020): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0175-274x-2020-1-1.

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Scientific discoveries and technological innovations have always exerted a great influence on peace and security. New civil and military technologies are revolutionizing warfare. Particularly striking areas are cyber warfare and the rapid development of uninhabited weapon systems. Issues of nuclear disarmament, missile defence or space armament as well as chemical and biological weapons remain urgent. The conference SCIENCE · PEACE · SECURITY ’19 aimed for an accurate understanding and fruitful discussions of today’s and tomorrow’s peace and security challenges. This includes natural science/technical as well as interdisciplinary contributions, focusing on problems of international security and peace-building as well as contributions dedicated to transparency, trust-building, arms control, disarmament, and conflict management. This special issue presents selected contributions based on discussions at the conference.

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Rameez Raja. "Salam, Islam, and the Bomb: Exploring the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community’s Perspective." International Journal of Religion 4, no. 2 (2023): 107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.61707/37chfj76.

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For atomic powers, surrendering nuclear weapons is tough but not impossible if their hatred is turned into amity and concord. Even though Islam encourages peace, few scholars have utilized the Holy Quran to endorse nuclear weapons for deterrence, which may incite Muslim states to obtain nuclear weapons. Abdus Salam, a Pakistani academic and scientist, is accused of assisting Islamabad in bomb-making while belonging to the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community, which opposes the introduction/use of nuclear weapons. Similarly, scientist Robert Oppenheimer openly contributed to the bomb-making in the United States which ultimately resulted in the mass murder of innocent Japanese people. This article tackles various people's concerns regarding Salam's ties with Pakistan's nuclear weapons. It is my attempt to refute the studies/allegations that Islam favours weapons of mass destruction for deterrence, security, and peace, so addressing the case of Salam, who became unjustly associated with nuclear weapons.

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Niyitunga, Eric Blanco. "Armed drones and international humanitarian law." Digital Policy Studies 1, no. 2 (2023): 18–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.36615/dps.v1i2.2278.

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The militarisation of Artificial Intelligence Diplomacy has resulted in the development of heavy weapons that are more powerful than traditional weaponry, fail to distinguish between civilians and combatants, and cause unnecessary suffering. Superpowers and middle powers have made significant investments in digital technologies, resulting in the production of digital weapons that violate international humanitarian law and human rights standards, and complicate the achievement of global peace. Armed drones and militarised robots cause unnecessary pain and suffering to helpless civilians. These weapons have been used to combat terrorism, but, surprisingly, have not addressed issues of terrorism that affect post-Cold War international relations. As a result, the use of armed drones is causing more harm than is necessary to achieve the objective of war. There is a call for international artificial intelligence (AI) governance, as well as a need to understand the effects and serious threats that armed drones pose to international humanitarian law (IHL), as well as to peace processes in international relations and global cooperation. Scholars, policy-makers, human rights activists and peace practitioners should participate more actively in debates about the military application of AI diplomacy, in order to develop effective AI diplomacy rules and regulations. This serves to mitigate the risks and threats associated with armed drones on IHL and international human rights standards, which are the foundations of the post-modern world.

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Altmann, Jürgen. "New Military Technologies: Dangers for International Security and Peace." Sicherheit & Frieden 38, no. 1 (2020): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0175-274x-2020-1-36.

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New military technologies are being developed at a high pace, with the USA in the lead. Intended application areas are space weapons and ballistic missile defence, hypersonic missiles, autonomous weapon systems, and cyber war. Generic technologies include artificial intelligence, additive manufacturing, synthetic biology and gene editing, and soldier enhancement. Problems for international security and peace - arms races and destabilisation - will likely result from properties shared by several technologies: wider availability, easier access, smaller systems; shorter times for attack, warning and decisions; and conventional-nuclear entanglement. Preventive arms control is urgently needed.

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Nagy, Milada. "International Efforts to Create a Weapons of Mass Destruction Free Zone in the Middle East." Academic and Applied Research in Military and Public Management Science 12, no. 2 (2013): 319–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32565/aarms.2013.2.13.

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The efforts to create a nuclear weapons ― later weapons of mass destruction ― free zone in the Middle East face many difficulties: the Arab–Israeli conflict, the deterioration of the Israeli–Palestinian peace process, the growing number of actors in the peace process, the nuclear program of Iran, the security policy of Israel etc. The aim of this paper is to give an overview of the international (United Nations [UN], European Union [EU]) efforts from the 1960s to the indefinite post- ponement of the Middle East weapons of mass destruction free zone (MEWMDFZ) conference planned for December 2012.

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Kokorina, Yulia, and Iuliia Likhter. "Characteristics of Scythian Weapon Ornamentation as a Reflection of Peaceful Contacts between Cultures (possibility of using database technology)." Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology, no. 3 (June 30, 2024): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.55086/sp2435164.

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Currently, new trends in social sciences have emerged, such as eirenology, paxilology and “anthropology of war”. The role of weapons in rituals associated with peace negotiations is a significant part of semiotic weapon status. The purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics of Scythian weapon ornamentation that can be described as a system of symbols. By analyzing a proprietary database of Scythian weapon ornamentation dating back to the 7th—4th centuries BC, the authors examined the phenomenon of the presence of various artistic traditions, including Scythian, Assyro-Urartian, Greek, Scythian-Greek, Scythian-Greek-Persian and Persian traditions, which could only exist at the time of peace. The ornamentation of Scythian weapons was considered as a system consisting of subsystems, and a standardized description was created. It was revealed that according to Scythian tradition, the adornments were applied directly to the weapon or its structural element (figurate shape), while in foreign or mixed traditions, it was added to overlays. The Scythians took into account the placement of an item on the warrior’s body, while weapon masters of foreign cultures treated an item as a canvas. It was observed that zoomorphic images such as birds of prey, bovids, felines, canines, hares and rams were frequently used in the ornamentation, and statistical patterns of zoomorphic images were the same in both mixed traditions and in the Scythian one. The material used in ornamentation and the narrative were important to Scythians.

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16

Wilkinson, Philip. "Sharpening the weapons of peace: Peace support operations and complex emergencies." International Peacekeeping 7, no. 1 (2000): 63–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13533310008413819.

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Karsh, Efraim, and Martin Navias. "Israeli nuclear weapons and Middle East peace." Israel Affairs 2, no. 1 (1995): 75–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13537129508719364.

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Muslikhatin, Lilik, Rizal Yusuf, Suhara Golan, et al. "Indonesia's Potential to Build Nuclear Energy in Geopolitical Perspective." Technium Social Sciences Journal 53 (January 9, 2024): 323–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v53i1.10436.

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The use of nuclear weapons in armed conflict has become a major focus in today's geopolitical world. With growing tensions between major powers and ongoing regional conflicts, the debate over the use of nuclear weapons is increasingly heated. In the midst of this global context, Indonesia, as an active member of ASEAN which consistently promotes peace and stability in the region, is faced with major challenges related to the use of nuclear weapons in international conflicts. In this context, the research in this journal aims to examine Indonesia's policies in dealing with the use of weapons. nuclear power in a growing international conflict. This research uses the theories of Situational Leadership and Transformational Leadership to understand Indonesia's potential in developing nuclear weapons. The approach used is qualitative involving in-depth interviews, document analysis, and participant observation. A phenomenological approach is used to understand subjective interpretations from the experts' point of view. The Hierarchical Process Analysis (AHP) data processing method is used to analyze data and support decision making. and it was concluded that Indonesia had no interest or intention to develop or produce nuclear weapons. Political factors, international law, and commitment to world peace provide a strong basis for this country in rejecting the option of developing nuclear weapons.

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19

Geissler, Erhard. "Vaccines for Peace: An International Program of Development and Use of Vaccines Against Dual-Threat Agents." Politics and the Life Sciences 11, no. 2 (1992): 231–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0730938400015239.

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This article recommends establishment of an international Vaccines for Peace (VFP) program to undertake research on and production of vaccines against pathogens (and possibly toxins) that pose natural health threats and that are also putative biological (and toxin) weapons. Vaccines for Peace is designed to contribute to health care in developing countries, enhance international cooperation in biotechnology, and reduce the danger of weapons proliferation. Vaccine development would be carried out openly and would involve scientists from developing countries that are States Parties to the Biological Weapons Convention, as well as personnel and facilities from the former Soviet Union. The program would thus help convert biological defense personnel and facilities to peaceful purposes. The program would be administered by the World Health Organization.

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Atif Ali Shah, Syed, Abdul Hamid, Ahmed Abdel-Wahab, Nasir Ageelani, and Najeeb Najeeb. "Street-crimes modelled arms recognition technique employing deep learning and quantum deep learning." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 30, no. 1 (2023): 528. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v30.i1.pp528-544.

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An increase in population causes loopholes in controlling law and order situations. One of the threatening aspects of peace is the availability of weapons to the general public. As a result, many dangerous situations arise, most notably street crimes. Traditional methods are not sufficient to deal with such situations. Consequently, the police and other security concerns need serious technological reforms to prevent such situations. In modern technology tools, deep learning has made great improvements in various areas of daily life, especially in object detection. This paper presents an efficient technique for detecting weapons from closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras, videos, or images. Upon the detection of the weapon, the concerned person is automatically informed to take the necessary action; without human intervention. For the first time, RetinaNet has been employed to detect weapons in real-time scenarios. RetinaNet has shown remarkable improvement in this domain, by achieving an average of 90% accuracy in real-time scenarios. With the emergence of quantum computing, many computer environments saw a revolution. Thus, we have also utilized quantum computing technology for real-time weapons detection using quantum deep learning. In this paper, quantum inspired RetinaNet (QIR-Net) is developed for weapons detection and amazing results are observed.

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Syed, Atif Ali Shah, Abdel-Wahab Ahmed, Ageelani Nasir, and Najeeb. "Street-crimes modelled arms recognition technique employing deep learning and quantum deep learning (SMARTED)." Street-crimes modelled arms recognition technique employing deep learning and quantum deep learning (SMARTED) 30, no. 1 (2023): 528–44. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v30.i1.pp528-544.

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An increase in population causes loopholes in controlling law and order situations. One of the threatening aspects of peace is the availability of weapons to the general public. As a result, many dangerous situations arise, most notably street crimes. Traditional methods are not sufficient to deal with such situations. Consequently, the police and other security concerns need serious technological reforms to prevent such situations. In modern technology tools, deep learning has made great improvements in various areas of daily life, especially in object detection. This paper presents an efficient technique for detecting weapons from closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras, videos, or images. Upon the detection of the weapon, the concerned person is automatically informed to take the necessary action; without human intervention. For the first time, RetinaNet has been employed to detect weapons in real-time scenarios. RetinaNet has shown remarkable improvement in this domain, by achieving an average of 90% accuracy in realtime scenarios. With the emergence of quantum computing, many computer environments saw a revolution. Thus, we have also utilized quantum computing technology for real-time weapons detection using quantum deep learning. In this paper, quantum inspired RetinaNet (QIR-Net) is developed for weapons detection and amazing results are observed.

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22

Calcaterra, Angela. "Edgar Huntly's Gun Violence and Indigenous Mechanisms of Peace." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 136, no. 1 (2021): 55–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/s0030812920000024.

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AbstractThis essay analyzes American gun culture, past and present, through two lenses: a set of early Euro-American writings on weapons and defense, including Charles Brockden Brown's well-known novel Edgar Huntly, and a little-known but capacious archive of Native American materials, philosophy, and story. While the Euro-American writings and the Indigenous archive both raise crucial questions about the relation between weapons and human subjectivity, only the Indigenous archive presents vital alternative object orientations that promote peace. Considering wampum belts in particular as an Indigenous mechanism of peace, this essay argues that to understand American gun violence we must pay attention to Indigenous efforts to cultivate relationships by putting forth healing objects and burying the weapons of war, efforts that are largely erased from the colonial records and from the contemporary imagination of the past. Ultimately, Native American theorizations of object orientation and human subjectivity challenge both our understanding of the colonial past and our current conversation surrounding gun violence.

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Draper, G. I. A. D. "Nuclear weapons, the peace movement and the law." International Affairs 63, no. 1 (1986): 105–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2620246.

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24

Winters, Frank W. "Dangerous Alliances: Proponents of Peace, Weapons of War." History: Reviews of New Books 32, no. 4 (2004): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03612759.2004.10527463.

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25

Shayan, Fatemeh. "Peace and disarmament: A world without nuclear weapons." Security Journal 27, no. 1 (2014): 122–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/sj.2012.13.

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Rajah, Trevor Michael, Grant Dawson, and Lydia Aylett. "The Chemical Weapons Convention and the Contribution of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons to Sustainable Development." Journal of Conflict and Security Law 24, no. 3 (2019): 617–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcsl/krz023.

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Abstract The concepts of disarmament, counter-terrorism, and sustainable development are interdependent and inextricably linked. In order to achieve the goals set out in the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, states must abandon the competitive ‘arms culture’, cooperate to prevent violence by non-state actors, and divert resources towards peace and security. This article examines the past, present and future role of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) in furthering sustainable development through disarmament and counter-terrorism. As the Organisation considers its future priorities and focuses on promoting the peaceful use of chemistry and preventing the re-emergence of chemical weapons, the links between peace, security, and development will continue to be of critical importance.

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Osuwa, Abdullahi Abdullazeez, and Olawale Akinrinde. "Weapons Proliferation, International Security and the Future of the Global System." De Securitate et Defensione. O Bezpieczeństwie i Obronności 9, no. 1 (2023): 62–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.34739/dsd.2023.01.05.

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Today, the world faces countless difficulties, but none of them is more threatening than the unfiltered and unguarded spread of illicit weapons across the international system. While among threats to international security one can mention poverty, terror, xenophobia, food insecurity, war, and climate change, a far more lethal challenge, which has the destructive capacity to erase the history of all the peoples from the surface of the planet, is currently unfolding. With tens of thousands of people being killed or wounded daily, it has become imperative to interrogate the politics behind the endless abuse, misuse, and illicit proliferation of lethal weapons in the global system and its implications for global security given the scant academic at-tention it has received in recent time. Relying on archival and other non-quantitative data, this study examines the implications of the continued illicit proliferation of weapons for international peace and security. The re-sults reveal that the failures of state actors to address the problem of illicit weapons proliferation have grave implications not only for global peace and security but also for the future. State actors must assume a critical role in minimizing the illicit proliferation of weapons if the future of the global system is to be secure.

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Buijs, Peter. "How physicians influenced Dutch nuclear weapon policies: A civil society case-study." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International relations 14, no. 4 (2022): 475–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu06.2021.407.

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This case study describes activities from the Dutch Association for Medical Polemology (IPPNW- affiliate NVMP-Physicians for Peace) from 1969 onwards, focused primarily on recent strategies, employed by civil society, to influence Dutch policies regarding the urgency of abolishing nuclear weapons due to their unacceptable medical and humanitarian consequences. By itself and together with other civil society organisations, NVMP promoted an active Dutch nuclear disarmament policy, specifically regarding the Non-Proliferation Treaty with its Article- VI Global Zero-obligations, and the United Nations’ Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW). Several achievements of the NVMP are highlighted, from the Medical Appeal (2015) to the 50th anniversary Congress (Hague Peace Palace, November 26, 2019) and its aftermath. After presenting his major findings and conclusions, the author shares some experience- based, policy-oriented recommendations about the specific physicians’ position and their medical-humanitarian message, followed by suggestions on strategies for reaching out to politicians, decision-makers, and statesmen that can help IPPNW affiliates elsewhere, and other civil society organizations, who are promoting a nuclear weapon-free world. Finally, the author petitions to repeat successful early 1980s Russian-American IPPNW initiatives, which were directly aimed at their political leaders. The article concludes with the presentation of one initiative.

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Kim, Seongryeol. "North Korea‘s Approach to the U.S. through Aggressive Legislation of the Use of Nuclear Weapons: Focusing on the Concept of Internal Balancing (2013-2022)." Legal Studies Institute of Chosun University 30, no. 1 (2023): 261–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.18189/isicu.2023.30.1.261.

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This study analyzed North Korea's diplomatic behavior toward the United States through aggressive legislation using nuclear weapons from the perspective of internal balancing. It was analyzed focusing on the starting point and process of internal balancing and what political implications it has. From the perspective of balancing, it was confirmed that North Korea was completing its internal balancing through anti-nuclear to nuclear possession, offensive legislation of nuclear possession and use, and advancement of nuclear weapons technology. After declaring the economic and nuclear parallel as a state-run doctrine in 2013, North Korea enacted a self-defense nuclear state status law to formalize a legal system for nuclear tests and intercontinental ballistic missile tests. In addition, in 2022, the Nuclear Weapons Act was enacted to establish a legal system for the use of nuclear weapons. It was confirmed that nuclear force was completed, that is, internal balancing was strengthened and deterrence power was secured for system security.Through aggressive legislation for the possession and use of nuclear weapons, North Korea has become able to have technology that can complete both the quantity and mass of nuclear weapons. It can be seen that not only strategic nuclear weapons aimed at the U.S., but also tactical nuclear weapons capable of attacking South Korea, Japan, and Guam have been secured. It is predicted that North Korea's aggressive legislation of nuclear use will go beyond the paradigm of exchanging existing denuclearization and peace systems in its approach to the U.S. and present a new agenda of permanentization of nuclear possession and peace regime and disarmament. However, it was also confirmed that the use of nuclear weapons shows flexibility in negotiations by specifying the condition of “when it is judged that an attack by external forces is imminent.”

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Naqvi, Yasmin. "Crossing the red line: The use of chemical weapons in Syria and what should happen now." International Review of the Red Cross 99, no. 906 (2017): 959–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383118000450.

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AbstractThe use of chemical weapons in the armed conflict in Syria has attracted universal and widespread condemnation and has led to unified responses by various international bodies. This article examines the international community's responses to chemical weapons use in Syria from the perspective of international law. It also analyzes the potential options for accountability that are available for chemical weapons-related crimes. The intention is ultimately to make the case that the special status the international community has ascribed to chemical weapons crimes could be harnessed to create an accountability mechanism, such as an ad hoc tribunal, that could help pave the complex road towards a negotiated peace.

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Horbach-Kudria, Ivanna, and Oleksandr Kostyliev. "Disarmament of civilians after war: International standards and national legislation." Naukovij vìsnik Nacìonalʹnoï akademìï vnutrìšnìh sprav 29, no. 2 (2024): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.56215/naia-herald/2.2024.32.

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In the 21st century, the human need for self-defence, protection of relatives and property has raised the issue of regulatory legalisation of conventional weapons, and their disproportionate concentration in the hands of Ukrainian citizens as a result of military and political events to the real threats to post- war peace will require effective mechanisms of prohibitions and restrictions without violating the right to life. The purpose of this study was to design a model of national security in the field of use, development, accumulation, and proliferation of concrete types of conventional weapons in a special period. To fulfil this purpose, the study employed the methods of content analysis combined with heuristic search, empirical analysis, mathematical percentage ratio, and concrete analogy. It was found that the mechanisms of civilian disarmament in the modern world are directly related to the introduction of legalisation or prohibition of conventional weapons and ammunition for the civilian population. The geopolitical challenges of the 21st century have revealed the unpreparedness of national systems to ensure the right to life in times of armed aggression and civil wars. The weakening of the influence of international organisations and their regulations has increased the significance of national legislation in shaping global security. The study analysed the definition of the term “weapon” in the current legislation of Ukraine and the relevant EU Directive. It was concluded on the necessity of adopting a special law on weapons at the national level. The terminological consistency with international standards of the Draft Law of Ukraine No. 5708 of 25 June 2021, adopted by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine on 23 February 2022 as a basis for the law, was stated. The study outlined the areas of implementation of the mechanism of prohibitions or restrictions on the use, development, accumulation, and proliferation of concrete types of conventional weapons during a special period, namely: formation of national legislation, creation of powerful police units, and implementation of international mini-disarmament programmes. The practical significance of this study is that its findings can be used in international and national lawmaking, development of mechanisms for preparing the country for the transition from martial law during the period of rebuilding peace

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Goddard, Alison. "Nuclear Weapons: Ex-bomb physicist wins Nobel Peace Prize." Physics World 8, no. 11 (1995): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/8/11/5.

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Vladimir Frolov. "INCONVENIENT PEACE: HOW TRUMP WANTS TO CONTROL NUCLEAR WEAPONS." Current Digest of the Russian Press, The 71, no. 018-020 (2019): 19–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21557/dsp.53692683.

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Grant, Jonathan. "Dangerous Alliances: Proponents of Peace, Weapons of War (review)." Journal of Military History 68, no. 4 (2004): 1271–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jmh.2004.0197.

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Purohit, Rajesh, and Kiran Purohit. "World Peace and World Unity: A Most Emergent Need of the Present and Future." Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Studies 2, no. 6 (2020): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jhsss.2020.2.6.7.

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The world peace and world unity are the most embryonic need of the modern society in order to protect our habitat earth. Lots of efforts have been made to ensure the world peace and unity in the past and several international organizations have been made for the purpose. Several meetings of the representatives of different nations have also been organized time to time in the past history as well as in the present time. However still we are very far away from a united world or united earth with peace and prosperity and the risk of war that may be minor aggression between neighboring countries (cold war) or a big war like the world war with use of nuclear/chemical weapons still and always hang over the mankind. Now with technological advancement of the world and development of nuclear and chemical weapons and newly emerging nano engineered and biological weapons which if used for small aggression between countries will greatly pollute the atmosphere on earth and can ruin the whole world and the modern civilization. Due to the development of these drastic weapons which are highly dangerous to the society and the environment it has become big threat to the life on earth. Therefore, now it has become utmost important to find a solution to counterbalance this problem and hence we need to make potential and innovative efforts for the complete elimination of the war between countries and search for a peaceful solution to resolve the disputes among countries by establishing a powerful international law and order. A critical review of the present and past efforts made by various researchers, peace organizations and societies has been presented here. The key suggestions by various researchers include moving from divided world to unified world, development of world culture system, development of peace-based curriculum, religious harmony, interreligious cooperation, global citizenship etc. It has been concluded that the inner willingness among national and religious leaders of the various countries, religious & cultural organizations and all the human being need to be developed that will surely realize the world peace and world unity. The concept of unified world and powerful international law and order to resolve all the political, religious and other kind of issues and aggressions between countries and religions has to be established.

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Khan, Zafar. "Balancing and stabilizing South Asia: challenges and opportunities for sustainable peace and stability." International Journal of Conflict Management 30, no. 5 (2019): 589–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcma-08-2018-0093.

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Purpose This paper aims to elaborate in a greater detail about how to manage and eventually help resolve outstanding issues, including the core issue of Kashmir between nuclear India and Pakistan. In doing so, this paper elaborates various innovative measures that could be applicable to South Asian nuclear environment that in turn could assist the South Asian nuclear leadership in understanding and managing the fragility of South Asian nuclear deterrence. Design/methodology/approach Innovatively, this research paper looks at the South Asian nuclear issues at three levels of analysis – understanding the prevailing dynamics of nuclear revolution and improved means of communications and promoting deterrence stability in South Asia. All three levels may be more needed than ever before in the wake of the arrival of nuclear weapons for a broader Southern Asian region. Findings This paper finds out that although nuclear weapons have become a reality in South Asia and these deadly weapons have prevented major wars between India and Pakistan, nuclear weapons have not prevented the crises between India and Pakistan. Therefore, both India and Pakistan have confronted a number of crises. The paper finds out that any serious crisis between India and Pakistan could further undermine the credibility of existing confidence-building measures and the same could escalate from military to nuclear level. Absent from immediate measures undertaken by the South Asian security leadership, nuclear weapons may not help prevent the war between India and Pakistan at the sub-conventional level, this paper finds out. Originality/value By explaining innovative measures at the three level of analysis, this papers adds to the existing literature in understanding the behavior of South Asian security leadership and how these measures could best bring positive results in preventing a major crisis that potentially bears the risk of escalation to nuclear level.

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Syifa Syarifa. "Nuclear Weapons From the Lens of the UN Charter." Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities 5, no. 1 (2024): 655–61. https://doi.org/10.38035/jlph.v5i1.843.

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Nuclear weapons have been a longstanding topic of debate in international law, as their presence brings up concerns about their legality and morality in relation to global peace and security, which are core principles of the United Nations (UN). This article analyses the provisions related to the possession, use, and threat of use of nuclear weapons under the UN Charter. Employing a qualitative approach and normative method, this article examines relevant legal documents and scholarly literature. The analysis shows that while the UN Charter does not directly regulate nuclear weapons, its principles have laid the foundation of the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) and the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW). The possession of nuclear weapons is legally permitted for certain states under the NPT, provided they make sincere efforts toward achieving complete disarmament. Additionally, the use and threat of use of nuclear weapons must comply with the principles of international humanitarian law and customary law, which inherently cannot be fulfilled by nuclear weapons due to their nature.

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Brown-Gaston, Racquel D., and Anshu Saxena Arora. "War and Peace." International Journal of Intelligent Information Technologies 17, no. 3 (2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijiit.2021070101.

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The United States Department of Defense (DoD) designs, constructs, and deploys social and autonomous robots and robotic weapons systems. Military robots are designed to follow the rules and conduct of the professions or roles they emulate, and it is expected that ethical principles are applied and aligned with such roles. The application of these principles appear paramount during the COVID-19 global pandemic, wherein substitute technologies are crucial in carrying out duties as humans are more restrained due to safety restrictions. This article seeks to examine the ethical implications of the utilization of military robots. The research assesses ethical challenges faced by the United States DoD regarding the use of social and autonomous robots in the military. The authors provide a summary of the current status of these lethal autonomous and social military robots, ethical and moral issues related to their design and deployment, a discussion of policies, and the call for an international discourse on appropriate governance of such systems.

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Stojchevska, Stefani. "The United Nations’ Reso Lution 2325 “Non-Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction” and Its Role in Preventing Terrestrial-Based WMD Utilization Toward Orbiting Space Objects." SEEU Review 15, no. 2 (2020): 136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/seeur-2020-0022.

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Abstract The 2016 United Nations’ Resolution 2325 “Non-proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction” manifests one of the greatest challenges for humankind in relation to preventing a global catastrophe, where it reaffirms that the proliferation of nuclear, chemical and biological weapons, as well as their means of delivery, constitutes a threat to international peace and security. However, regarding the continuous technological developments of terrestrial-based WMD aimed at orbiting space objects in near-Earth orbit, it is crucial to analyze whether, and if so, how 2325 prevents their proliferation and utilization. Another relevant argument addresses the terminological factuality that, while treaty and customary law do provide some guidance on the legality of weaponization, the concept of a “space weapon” is still not clearly defined. Moreover, even though the Outer Space Treaty prohibits the placement of nuclear weapons and WMD in near-Earth orbit, installing them on the Moon or any other celestial body, or to otherwise station them in outer space, it simultaneously excludes terrestrial-based anti-satellite weapons, thus creating a legal loophole. National representatives of superpowers, particularly of space-faring nations, are aware of the existing issue and often express their concerns toward comprehensive ASAT development and utilization. Nevertheless, the potential weaponization of outer space will not be actively recognized and accepted as an official occurrence within the international community until our current space systems are eventually utilized in order to destroy or damage another State’s space object.

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Wirtz, James J. "Dangerous Alliances: Proponents of Peace, Weapons of WarDangerous Alliances: Proponents of Peace, Weapons of War. By Patricia A. Weitsman. (Stanford University Press, 2004.)." Journal of Politics 69, no. 1 (2007): 257–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2508.2007.00513.x.

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Tabassi, Lisa Woollomes. "National Implementing Legislation for the Chemical Weapons Convention: The Experience of the First Two Years." Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law 2 (December 1999): 264–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1389135900000453.

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‘We are witnessing today an historic event. An entire category of weapons of mass destruction has been banned by the Chemical Weapons Convention … Pause for a moment, if you will, and consider the symbolism, but more importantly the significance of this act. It is not merely a great step in the cause of disarmament and nonproliferation. It is not merely a signal of restraint and discipline in war. It is much more. It is a momentous act of peace.’

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A.O, Adeniyi, and O. Akanle A. "United Nations' Policy on Weapons of Warfare and the Implication on Global Peace and Security." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS 07, no. 01 (2024): 243–54. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10560572.

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Armed conflict is a part of evolution of man and international relations. It is a transitional era which must be conducted in such a manner that would not make a return to peace impossible. The earth’s environment is usually battered by the preparation, conduct and consequences of war. According to the World Charter on Nature of 1982, “nature shall be secured against degradation caused by warfare or other hostile activities, and that military activity damaging to nature shall be avoided”. Armed warfare (international and non-international) are waged differently across the globe today with a resultant widespread impacts on the members of the society and the environment. Although, armed conflict is inevitable, dedicated sections of this study discussed the concept of warfare, typologies, causes of warfare, categories of weapons of warfare, its effect on the environment and the implication of United Nations’ restriction policy on global peace and security. The study probed into existing literatures and consider the related Treaties, Conventions and Protocols set-forth to restrict and prohibit the exploitation of violence and diverse methods of warfare in all armed conflict whether domestic or international. The study have observed that the activities of combating parties have had negative impact on the environment, civilian objects and animals. Their engagement has led to loss of lives, destruction of public properties, basic social amenities and superfluous injury and unnecessary suffering on non-combatant. Despite United Nation establishing ‘rules of engagement’ to mitigate the suffering caused by warfare, it is pitiful to note that nations around the world have continued to engage in the deployment of prohibited weapons in warfare. Hence, the study concluded and feature recommendations for all levels of weapon policy apparatus as well as solutions to ensure global peace and stability. 

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Komai, Utako, and Przemysław Łukasik. "Peace Education on the Example of Poland and Japan." Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio F – Historia 79 (January 25, 2025): 407–35. https://doi.org/10.17951/f.2024.79.407-435.

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The outbreak of the Russian-Ukrainian war has sparked a quite intense debate in Japan about war, peace and security. Fears of a nuclear World War III have caused speculations about the possibility of Japan’s nuclear weapons (supported mainly by right-wing politicians), the issue of maintaining peace education and the broadly understood culture of peace (Article 9 of the Constitution of Japan, Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, Treaty on the Prohibition of Proliferation). Meanwhile, the full-scale aggression against Ukraine was and still is in Poland a confirmation of existing fears about the threat from Russia as a state with neo-imperial ambitions. Poland has transferred a significant part of its military arsenal to the attacked Ukraine and has intensified the process of arming and modernizing its own army. Poland also counts on support in the event of a conflict from other member states of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, of which it is a member. The article aims to compare – based on the curriculum content, the content of history and citizenship education textbooks and the museum narrative – teaching about peace in Poland and Japan. In both countries, the memory of World War II is a key event shaping the historical awareness of society and a point of reference for the existing historical narrative. The way of talking about peace and pacifism is quite similar. Both the narrative of the Japanese exhibition at the Osaka Peace Museum and the one presented in school textbooks in Poland strive to condemn war as a destructive force and thus fit into the idea of peace education.

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Koylu, Mustafa. "War Industry and Unjust Distribution as a Global Problem." American Journal of Islam and Society 16, no. 4 (1999): 67–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v16i4.2100.

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The article identifies the global growth of the war industry and weapons trade along with inequitable distribution of wealth and unjust economic systems as major reasons for the tack of peace and prosperity everywhere in the world. The article discusses the political economy of war and its implications on the socioeconomic elements of society. The paper illustrates through an economic evaluation of the Gulf War and the Iran-Iraq War the enormous damage that modem weapons and modem wars can burden a nation and its civilian population. The article does not offer any specific strategies to deal with either the ravages of the war industry during war as well as during peace, or with the inherent inequity in the economic system. But the author hopes that the awareness of these problems and their incredibly devastating consequences will exhort everyone into address them.

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Taleghani, Saeed, Mohammad Javad Nowrozi, and Seyed Sajjad Izadehi. "Teaching the Knowledge of Making Nuclear Weapons from the Perspective of Islamic Jurisprudence." International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 11, no. 3 (2024): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v11i3.5655.

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Teaching the knowledge of making nuclear weapons from the perspective of Islamic jurisprudence is the main issue of this research, the main question of the research is "What is the view of Islamic jurisprudence about teaching the knowledge of making nuclear weapons?" This research, Baroosh Ijtihadi, argumentative and analytical, has given an answer to this question based on which it can be said that from the perspective of Islamic jurisprudence, teaching the knowledge of making nuclear weapons that leads to the production and use of weapons of mass destruction is forbidden according to the first ruling, but if it causes defensive deterrence. And there is nothing wrong with confronting or repelling the use of nuclear weapons by the enemy. However, at the time of the presence of Masoomin (peace be upon her), there was no trace of the knowledge of making nuclear weapons to express its verdict. However, in the article, the author considered its ruling to be usable from the point of view of Islamic jurisprudence based on some Sharia proofs.

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Lim, Youngseop, and Dong Jin Kim. "Mobilising Social Movement for Peace." International Journal of Asian Christianity 4, no. 2 (2021): 248–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25424246-04020007.

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Abstract Informed by the resource mobilisation theory, this article conducts a case study on Christianity in Korea, in order to explore the nexus between religion and social movements, and how this nexus could contribute to peace, rather than violence. Given its geopolitical dimensions, involving nuclear weapons and the legacy of the Cold War, the role of religion in the Korean conflict has been under-researched. Nonetheless, Christianity has influenced the Korean conflict, with its association with anticommunism, as well as with peace movements. This article argues that Christian ecumenical organisations in the context of the Korean conflict utilised their social resources for peace and reconciliation, when they rediscovered the just peace tradition in Christianity. This article contributes to theoretical and practical discussions surrounding religion, war, and peace, by conceptualising just peace in the Christian tradition, and by adding empirical substance to the nexus between ecumenism and social movement for just peace.

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Tsvietkov, Oleksandr. "Threats and Challenges of the Nuclear Arms Race on the Current Stage." Mìžnarodnì zv’âzki Ukraïni: naukovì pošuki ì znahìdki, no. 29 (November 10, 2020): 147–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mzu2020.29.147.

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Contemporary issues of nuclear weapons and the nuclear arms race in the modern world are examined, based mainly on the assessments of the German “Statista” company, the American Federation of Scientists and the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. It is emphasized that invented more than seventy years ago, nuclear weapon has not lost its basic qualities of the most massive and large-scale destruction, but also added to this the latest factors of global threat of its proliferation and the challenges of innovative technological advances in its means of delivery. The latter is increasingly imposed on the growing conflict of the modern multipolarworld order, thereby giving impetus to global competition in the accumulation of all forms of nuclear weapons and allocating unprecedented financial resources from nuclear and non-nuclear powers. It is shown that the most fierce competition in the nuclear arms race is developing in the triangle of relations and national interests between the US, Russia and China. On the same fact base, it is argued that China cannot be compared to the other two nations in the accumulated nuclear weapon arsenals, but that its technological positions and growing military potential lead to major changes in the bilateral concepts of international security and even to the termination of a number of Russian-American treaty agreements, above all in development of medium- and short-range ground-based missiles. There is also a gradual transition to a new deployment of forces and global strategies in the field of nuclear arms. World awareness of these changes is needed in a kind of the Swedish proposal on implementation of strategy for the “step-by-step” approach to nuclear disarmament. In general, challenges and threats should stimulate international dialogue in defense of the principle of peace-sharing in a global age

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Haloho, Yunia Utami Indah, Xavier Nugraha, and Atiqoh Farhan Maulani. "Analisis Penerapan No First Use Policy Dalam Penggunaan Senjata Nuklir: Sebuah Tinjauan Yuridis." JURNAL ILMIAH LIVING LAW 12, no. 2 (2020): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.30997/jill.v12i2.2770.

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The preservation of the stability of world peace became one of the wishes of the entire international community. But these expectations seemed to be a sense of concern in the event of a war between countries using nuclear weapons. International law governs the nuclear weapons of international treaties, one of which is the Treaty on Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons in 1968. In addition to providing a guarantee of a sense of security was formed No First Use Policy to ensure the country owners of nuclear weapons are not the first party to use nuclear weapons in the event of a conflict with other countries. The purpose of this research is to learn about the implementation of No First Use Policy on the use of nuclear weapons by the countries that have them and the international security of the world. The method used in the study is normative juridical is supported by data obtained by library research. Regarding the implementation of the No First Use Policy each country with nuclear weapons has different attitudes about it. Whereas No First Use Policy has had a positive impact on the arrangement of the use of nuclear weapons of the world for security and order.

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Stojchevska, Stefani, and Bekim Nuhija. "A Brief Legal Commentary on Nuclear Weapons States’ Contemporary Policies Through Comparative International Approaches." Juridical Tribune - Review of Comparative and International Law 14, no. 3 (2024): 508–25. https://doi.org/10.62768/tbj/2024/14/3/11.

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Despite the end of the Cold War, nuclear weapons remain an important issue in international relations, where efforts and cooperation worldwide have been reported toward the conceptualization of the “global nuclear order” for the purposes of mitigating nuclear dangers, inhibiting arms races, preventing the continuous spread of nuclear weapons to nonnuclear-weapons states (NNWS), as well as creating conditions for the elimination of nuclear weapons. Hence, the objective of this research paper concerns to scrutinize the effectiveness of the global nuclear order through the legal perspective of international law. For that matter, the research methods adopted by this research paper include comparative international approaches by providing a legal commentary in regards to the nuclear policies and doctrines of the nine nuclear-weapons states (NWS) currently in possession of nuclear weapons. They are classified in three main categories: (1) recognized NWS (Russia, the U.S., the U.K., France and China), (2) states declaring possession of nuclear weapons (India, Pakistan and North Korea) and (3) states indicated to possess nuclear weapons (Israel). The results obtained from this research paper implicate the clash between contrasting nuclear-related objectives of different political backgrounds demonstrating the potential to increase the risk of nuclear escalation threatening international peace and security.

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Nailor, Peter. "Nuclear weapons, the balance of terror, the quest for peace." International Affairs 63, no. 1 (1986): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2620245.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Peace Weapons'

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