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1
Mock, Jeff. "Peach Trees, February." Chicago Review 37, no. 4 (1992): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25305527.
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CG, Tsipouridis, Simonis AD, S. Bladenopoulos, Issakidis AM, and Stylianidis DC. "Nutrient element variability of peach trees and tree mortality in relation to cultivars and rootstocks." Horticultural Science 29, No. 2 (January 6, 2012): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4460-hortsci.
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Leaf samples from 12 peach cultivars (Prunus persica [L.] Batsch.) (Early Crest, May Crest, Flavor Crest,Sun Crest, Fayette, Katherina, Loadel, Andross, Everts, May Grand, Firebrite and Fairlane) grafted on four peach root-stocks were analyzed for their nutrient content. The analysis of variance for leaf nutrient concentrations indicated very significant effects and interactions among cultivars and rootstocks. The rootstock effect on the absorption of nutrient elements was higher for Ca, K, P, Mg, N, and lower for Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, and B. Generally cultivars grafted on GF 677 had higher N, K, Fe, Cu and lower Zn, Mn, and B, while leaves from cultivars grafted on wild seedlings were found to contain higher Mg and lower P, K, Fe concentrations. Leaf B and Ca were higher for cultivars grafted on Sant Julien GF 655/2, while cultivars on Damas GF 1869 had higher P, Zn, Mn and lower N, B, Ca, Cu concentrations. Leaf N was lower for Fayette on all four rootstocks and significantly different from all other cultivars. Leaf P was lower for Everts and higher for Katherina. Lower concentrations were observed in Early Crest for Fe and Zn, in Andross for Mn, and in Loadel for B, while Flavor Crest had higher concentrations of all these elements. Leaf Zn was the highest for Sun Crest on wild seedling and the lowest for Early Crest on the same rootstock. Similarly leaf N was the highest for Katherina on Damas and the lowest for Fayetteon the same rootstock. Also leaf Mg was the highest for Fayette on Damas and the lowest for Fairlane on Damas. Peach tree mortality was the highest for Damas 1869 and lowest for Sant Julien. Also tree mortality was highest for Early Crest and Sun Crest and lowest for May Grand, Firebrite, and Katherina. The observed trends in the leaf nutrient composition, as regards the cultivars, rootstocks and their interactions, emphasize the importance of these factors on a new peach orchard establishment and macro-microelement fertilization.
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Riley, M. B., E. L. Bennett, and G. E. Carter Jr. "STRESS INDICATORS IN PEACH TREES." Acta Horticulturae, no. 254 (October 1989): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1989.254.19.
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Casamali, Bruno, Marc W. van Iersel, and Dario J. Chavez. "Nitrogen Partitioning in Young “Julyprince” Peach Trees Grown with Different Irrigation and Fertilization Practices in the Southeastern United States." Agronomy 11, no. 2 (February 15, 2021): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11020350.
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Fertilizer recommendations for peach cultivation in the southeastern United States were developed decades ago and may not reflect the peach trees’ needs under current cultivation practices. Adequate fertilization for young peach trees induces a balanced vegetative/reproductive growth, ensures efficient resource use, and is environmentally sound. Droughts in the region are becoming more common. Supplemental irrigation for peaches from the time of field establishment serves as insurance in case drought conditions occur and can increase/advance the yield of young peach trees. Our objective was to determine the influence of different fertilizer levels (25, 50, 100, and 200% of the recommended rate), irrigation levels (irrigated vs. non-irrigated), and irrigation systems (drip vs. micro-sprinkler) on nitrogen partitioning and concentration in different organs of young peach trees. The cumulative nitrogen (N) removal per tree was not affected by the different fertilizer levels. Most of the N allocation was accounted for by summer pruning and defoliation (68% of the total N removed). Irrigated trees had higher cumulative N removal after three years than non-irrigated trees, with differences between irrigated vs. non-irrigated trees in most vegetative removal events (winter and summer pruning, and defoliation). Drip-irrigated trees had higher cumulative N removal after three years than micro-sprinkler-irrigated tress, with differences in N removal found in vegetative and reproductive removal events. Differences in N removal were mainly driven by differences in dry weight rather than the N concentration of the organs. These results suggest that different fertilizer levels did not alter the N partitioning in young peach trees, indicating that reduction in fertilizer applications can be done without negative effects. Furthermore, irrigation induced greater vegetative growth, especially under drought conditions, which may result in greater canopy volume and fruit yield compared to non-irrigated trees. Differences between irrigation systems are not consistent; however, drip is more efficient than micro-sprinkler irrigation, with ~38% water savings.
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Reighard*, Gregory, David Ouellette, Kathy Brock, and Duy Nguyen. "Peach Latent Mosaic Viroid Reduces Tree Growth and Affects Fruit Quality in Peach." HortScience 39, no. 4 (July 2004): 850C—850. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.850c.
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`Coronet' peach on Lovell rootstock was planted near Clemson, S.C., in Dec. 1995 in 4 rows (= reps) 6.1 meters apart with trees 2.2 meters apart in-row. Trees were trained to a Kearney-V. In the 2nd leaf (Aug. 1997), `Ta Tao 5' buds were grafted to half (= 6-tree plot) the trees in each row. These trees received 2 `Ta Tao 5' chip buds infected with Peach Latent Mosaic Viroid (PLMVd) per scaffold at ≈0.75 to 1.15 m above ground. Dot blot hybridization confirmed that the chip buds successfully (100%) inoculated the treated trees, whereas the controls tested negative. Data collected in 2003 included bloom date, tree size, dormant and summer pruning times, fruit maturity date, fruit yield, mean fruit weight, skin color, soluble solids, flesh firmness, titratable acidity, and pH. Flowering and fruit maturity were delayed by ≈4 days in PLMVd-inoculated (PI) trees. PI trees produced larger fruit, but yield was 23% less than that of non-inoculated trees. Both fruit size and yield had been larger in PI trees in previous years. There were no differences in yield efficiency in 2003, but PI trees were 26% smaller in trunk cross-sectional area and 9% shorter. PI trees took 34% and 23% less time to dormant and summer prune, respectively and had 34% and 28% less wood removed by dormant and summer pruning, respectively than control trees. PLMVd increased fruit firmness, and PLMVd fruit lost firmness at a much slower rate. PLMVd did not significantly affect skin color, but PLMVD fruit were slightly less red. Soluble solid levels were higher in PLMVd fruit than control fruit during the first harvest, but were lower by the last harvest. Acidity was significantly higher and the soluble solids to acidity ratio significantly lower in PLMVd fruit. Control fruit had a slightly higher pH.
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Hendricks, Lonnie C., Everett L. Younce, Warren C. Micke, and James Yeager. "067 A Long-term Comparison of Six Rootstocks for `Nonpareil' and `Carmel' Almond Cultivars." HortScience 34, no. 3 (June 1999): 452E—452. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.452e.
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A rootstock comparison trial for almond was planted in sandy soil near Atwater, Calif., in Feb.1989. The study consisted of five replications of five trees each for six rootstocks, each with two cultivars. The rootstocks were `Nemaguard' peach, `Nemared' peach, `Hansen 536' peach × almond hybrid, `'Bright's hybrid' (peach × almond), `Halford' peach seedling, and `Lovell' peach seedling. Two cultivars, `Nonpareil' and `Carmel', were used with each rootstock. The accumulated kernel production from `Nonpareil' through the 1998 harvest was highest for trees on `Hansen 536', second highest for those on `Nemaguard', and third highest for trees on `Bright's Hybrid'. The accumulated kernel production from `Carmel' was greatest for trees on `Bright's Hybrid' and second highest for those on `Hansen 536'. The hybrids have produced the largest trees, as indicated by trunk circumference, for both `Nonpareil' and `Carmel'. The greater production of trees on the hybrid rootstocks over those on the peach seedling rootstocks was probably a result of their greater size and not that the trees on the hybrid rootstocks were inherently higher-yielding.
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Gibson, Philip G., Gregory L. Reighard, Gary L. Powell, and Thomas C. Jenkins. "Graft Transmissible Agents Affect Membrane Fatty Acid Saturation during Dormancy Release in Peach." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 129, no. 5 (September 2004): 649–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.129.5.0649.
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Peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch (Peach Group)] trees infected with peach latent mosaic viroid (PLMVd) have been associated with phenological changes including delay in bloom, reduced shoot vigor, and early autumn defoliation. In order to further characterize the changes occurring in trees inoculated with PLMVd, total fatty acid content was measured for floral buds during release from dormancy in `Coronet' peach trees. Palmitic (16:0), stearic (18:0), oleic (18:1), linoleic (18:2), and linolenic (18:3) acids were the major fatty acids in dormant and releasing peach buds of both control and PLMVd-inoculated (VI) trees. The degree of unsaturation increased immediately following release from dormancy in both the control and VI trees. However, desaturation of linoleic acid to linolenic acid was significantly inhibited in VI trees, which was accompanied by a concomitant delay in the resumption of growth. The disparity between the control and VI trees in the progression of increased fatty acid unsaturation continued through petal fall. The presence of PLMVd in `Coronet' peach trees slowed membrane fatty acid desaturation during release from dormancy and suggested that metabolic pathways involving fatty acid desaturation were linked to the delayed phenology of the VI trees.
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Glenn, D. M., and W. V. Welker. "Sod Competition in Peach Production: II. Establishment Beneath Mature Trees." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 121, no. 4 (July 1996): 670–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.121.4.670.
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Planting sod beneath peach trees (Prunus persica) to control excessive vegetative growth was evaluated from 1987 to 1993 in three field studies. Peach trees were established and maintained in 2.5-m-wide vegetation-free strips for 3 years, and then sod was planted beneath the trees and maintained for 5 to 7 years. Reducing the vegetation-free area beneath established peach trees to a 30- or 60-cm-wide herbicide strip with three grass species (Festuca arundinacae, Festuca rubra, Poa trivialis), reduced total pruning weight/tree in 5 of 16 study-years and weight of canopy suckers in 6 of 7 study-years, while increasing light penetration into the canopy. Fruit yield was reduced by planting sod beneath peach trees in 5 of 18 study-years; however, yield efficiency of total fruit and large fruit (kg yield/cm2 trunk area) were not reduced in one study and in only 1 year in the other two studies. Planting sod beneath peach trees increased available soil water content in all years, and yield efficiency based on evapotranspiration (kg yield/cm soil water use plus precipitation) was the same or greater for trees with sod compared to the 2.5-m-wide herbicide strip. Planting sod beneath peach trees has the potential to increase light penetration into the canopy and may be appropriate for high-density peach production systems where small, efficient trees are needed.
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Lopez, Gerardo, Romeo R. Favreau, Colin Smith, and Theodore M. DeJong. "L-PEACH: A Computer-based Model to Understand How Peach Trees Grow." HortTechnology 20, no. 6 (December 2010): 983–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.20.6.983.
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L-PEACH is a computer-based model that simulates the growth of peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] trees. The model integrates important concepts related to carbon assimilation, distribution, and use in peach trees. It also includes modeling of the responses to horticultural practices such as tree pruning and fruit thinning. While running L-PEACH, three-dimensional (3D) depictions of simulated growing trees can be displayed on the computer screen and the user can easily interact with the model. Quantitative data generated during a simulation can be saved to a file or printed for visualization and analysis. L-PEACH is a powerful tool for understanding how peach trees function in the field environment, and it can be used as an innovative method for dissemination of knowledge related with carbohydrate assimilation and partitioning. In this study, we describe the version of L-PEACH that runs on a daily time-step (L-PEACH-d) and how users can run the model and interact with it. To demonstrate how L-PEACH-d works, different pruning and fruit thinning strategies were analyzed. Regarding pruning, model outputs showed 3D depictions of unpruned trees and pruned trees trained to a perpendicular V system. For the fruit thinning studies, we simulated different intensities and dates of fruit thinning in mature peach trees. Total simulated yield increased with crop load but the opposite was observed for average fruit weight. An optimal balance between simulated total yield and average fruit weight was obtained by leaving 150 fruit per tree. Simulating different dates of fruit thinning indicated that fruit weight at harvest was higher on earlier compared with later-thinned trees. The model indicates that fruit thinning should be therefore carried out early in the season to maximize fruit size. The simulation results demonstrate that L-PEACH-d can be used as an educational tool and facilitate the adoption of suitable cultural practices for efficient production.
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Andersen, P. C., and W. J. French. "Biophysical characteristics of peach trees infected with phony peach disease." Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 31, no. 1 (July 1987): 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0885-5765(87)90004-x.
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Richter, S. "Susceptibility of Austrian apricot and peach cultivars to." Plant Protection Science 38, SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002 (December 31, 2017): 281–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10467-pps.
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1548 stone fruit trees (1435 trees of P. armeniaca, 113 trees of P. persica) were examined by PCR for ESFY to get information on spread and susceptibility of cultivars and rootstocks used in Austrian stone fruit production. Cultivar susceptibility seems to be less important for tolerance to ESFY than rootstock resistance. Apricot cultivars on rootstocks of myrobalan, commonly used in Austria, are more infected than cultivars on plum rootstocks. Data on peach and apricot rootstocks are not representative as both are not commonly used in Austrian apricot production. In addition, the presence of peroxidase activity in shoot sieve tubes of infected apricot trees (Hungarian Best) reveals that peroxidase is involved in defense mechanisms in plant-pathogen interaction.
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Glenn, D. M., and W. V. Welker. "Use of Sod Competition in Peach Production." HortScience 30, no. 4 (July 1995): 843A—843. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.843a.
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Planting sod beneath peach trees to control excessive vegetative growth was evaluated from 1987 to 1993 in three field studies. Peach trees were established and maintained in 2.5-m-wide, vegetation-free strips for 3 years, and then sod was planted beneath the trees and maintained for 5 to 7 years. Reducing the vegetation-free area beneath established peach trees to a 30- or 60-cm-wide herbicide strip reduced total pruning weight/tree and weight of canopy water shoots in many years. Fruit yield was reduced by reducing the size of the vegetation-free area in some, but not all, years; however, yield efficiency (kg yield/cm2 of trunk area) was not reduced in two studies, and in only 1 year in the third study. Planting sod beneath peach trees increased available soil water content in all years and yield efficiency based-evapotranspiration (kg yield/cm soil water use + precipitation) in some years compared to the 2.5-m herbicide strip. Reestablishing sod beneath peach trees has the potential to control vegetative growth and may be appropriate for high-density peach production systems where small, efficient trees are needed.
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Gibson, Philip G., and Gregory L. Reighard. "Chilling Requirement and Postrest Heat Accumulation in Peach Trees Inoculated with Peach Latent Mosaic Viroid." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 127, no. 3 (May 2002): 333–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.127.3.333.
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Peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch (Peach Group)] trees bloom in response to chilling and postrest heat accumulation. The peach cultivar Coronet exposed to a graft-transmissible, infectious agent known as peach latent mosaic viroid (PLMVd) blooms at a different time than noninoculated trees of the same cultivar. To determine if chilling requirements differed between trees inoculated with PLMVd and noninoculated controls, fruiting shoots collected from the orchard and artificially chilled containerized trees were forced in a greenhouse. Additional artificially chilled containerized trees were forced under constant temperatures in growth chambers to determine if postrest heat accumulation requirements differed. There was no difference in the chilling requirement of the fruiting shoots collected from the field although the shoots exposed to PLMVd had a delayed response and fewer responded to greenhouse forcing conditions. The containerized trees also showed no differences in chilling requirements during winter 1999 or 2000. Trees inoculated with PLMVd had a significant delay in bloom. Growth chamber data revealed a significantly higher base temperature for heat accumulation in the PLMVd inoculated trees.
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Wociór, Stanisław. "Growth and cropping of two cultivars of peach and nectarine in the conditions of the Sandomierska Plateau." Folia Horticulturae 21, no. 1 (June 1, 2009): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2013-0127.
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Abstract In this experiment, the growth of peach and nectarine trees was determined to be related to the cultivar. ‘Inka’ peach trees grew weaker than ‘Harbinger’ trees. The ‘John Rivers’ nectarine was characterized by stronger growth than the ‘Harko’. The amount of crops produced by the trees was related to the cultivar and the meteorological conditions during winter and spring. ‘Inka’ produced higher yields and bigger fruits as compared to ‘Harbinger’. The ‘Harko’ cultivar provided significantly higher yields than the ‘John Rivers’ only in 2006. Peach and nectarine fruit production in the Sandomierska Plateau in the years 2004 − 2007 was risky. In 2006, damage to the flower buds during winter caused no crop yield in young peach trees and the older ones of the ‘Harbinger’ cultivar. A minor reaction to the temperature drop, down to -26.8oC, was found for nectarines in comparison with peach trees. In 2007, the spring frost injured flower pistils and caused a lack of crops from the studied cultivars.
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Zhou, Qi, and Juan Carlos Melgar. "Tree Age Influences Nutrient Partitioning among Annually Removed Aboveground Organs of Peach." HortScience 55, no. 4 (April 2020): 560–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci14731-19.
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The aim of this research was to assess how fruit tree age influences nutrient partitioning patterns in aboveground organs. We selected 6-year-old (mature) and 20-year-old (old) ‘Cresthaven’ peach trees and measured the macronutrient concentrations in organs removed during pruning, thinning, harvesting, and leaf fall for 3 years. Then, we calculated the total amount of nutrients removed at each event and studied the partitioning patterns between mature and old peach trees. The results showed that mature peach trees had higher phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) concentrations in fruit mesocarp and fallen leaves than old trees. When we estimated the total nutrient content, mature peach trees allocated more nitrogen (N), P, K, and calcium (Ca) to pruned wood and harvested fruit but had less N and Ca in senescing leaves compared with old peach trees. The results of this study suggest that the different proportion of organs removed through orchard management practices from trees of different ages as well as the concentration of nutrients in these organs must be considered when estimating nutrient restitution needs and tree nutritional requirements.
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Gur, A., A. Gabai, and J. Mouyal. "COMBATING FLOODING DAMAGE IN PEACH TREES." Acta Horticulturae, no. 465 (April 1998): 609–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1998.465.76.
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Yoshikawa, F. T. "Correcting iron deficiency of peach trees." Journal of Plant Nutrition 11, no. 6-11 (June 1988): 1387–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01904168809363896.
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Finch, Calvin R., David H. Byrne, Calvin G. Lyons, and H. Dale Pennington. "Sulfur nutrition requirements of peach trees." Journal of Plant Nutrition 20, no. 12 (December 1997): 1711–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01904169709365369.
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Sharif Hossain, A. B. M., Fusao Mizutani, J. M. Onguso, A. R. El-Shereif, and Hisashi Yamada. "Dwarfing peach trees by bark ringing." Scientia Horticulturae 110, no. 1 (September 2006): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2006.03.015.
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Tsipouridis, C., and T. Thomidis. "Sprouting elimination of decapitated peach trees." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 43, no. 10 (2003): 1261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea02147.
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The effects of the herbicides Garlon, Roundup, ammonium sulfate (as dry fertiliser or sprayed liquid), fresh manure, and organic matter derived from wild grass, on elimination of re-sprouting by cut peach trees cv.��Papagianni, grafted on the rootstock GF677, were recorded. Complete elimination of re-sprouting from decapitated peach trees was achieved following treatment with Garlon, Roundup or ammonium sulfate (as dry fertiliser). Treatment with fresh manure or organic matter eliminated 70–80% of re-sprouting. Spray application of ammonium sulfate delayed re-sprouting, but did not eliminate it. The use of manure and 'yard waste' can provide organic growers with a certified tool to control re-sprouting of decapitated trees.
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Tsagkari, Maria. "Of Peach Trees and the Irrational." Journal of Visual Culture 14, no. 2 (August 2015): 254–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470412915603644.
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Beckman, T. G., P. L. Pusey, and P. F. Bertrand. "Impact of Fungal Gummosis on Peach Trees." HortScience 38, no. 6 (October 2003): 1141–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.38.6.1141.
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Peach tree fungal gummosis caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea [(Moug.:Fr.) Cos & de Not.] is widespread throughout the southeastern United States. Until recently, its economic impact on peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] has been impossible to estimate, since no effective controls were known. Significant, though not total, suppression of gummosis on `Summergold' peach trees was achieved with an intensive 5-year spray program with captafol. Captan was far less effective than captafol. Both trunk diameter and fruit yield were negatively correlated with disease severity. After eight growing seasons, trees treated with captafol were 18% larger than the untreated trees. Yield of mature captafol-treated trees was 40% to 60% high er than that of untreated ones. Following termination of the spray program after 5 years, disease severity gradually increased on both captafol- and captan-treated trees. However, through eight growing seasons, disease severity was significantly lower on captafol-treated trees. This study demonstrates that peach tree fungal gummosis significantly depresses tree growth and fruit yield on susceptible peach cultivars.
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Durner, Edward F. "DORMANT PRUNING INFLUENCE ON PEACH PISTIL HARDINESS." HortScience 27, no. 6 (June 1992): 638b—638. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.638b.
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Ethephon (100 mg·liter-1) was applied to mature peach trees [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch. cv Redhaven] on 13 Oct. 1989. Ethephon-treated and non-treated trees were pruned on 12 Dec. 1989, or left not pruned. Flower bud hardiness was assessed via exotherm analysis from Dec. through Mar. on buds taken directly from the orchard and on buds deacclimated / reacclimated under controlled conditions. Buds from ethephon-treated trees were consistently hardier than buds from non-treated trees. After a warm spell in Jan., buds from pruned trees not previously treated with ethephon were less hardy than those from non-pruned trees. Hardiness of buds from ethephon-treated trees after the warm spell was not affected by pruning. All buds rehardened with the return of low temperatures. Under controlled conditions, buds from pruned trees were less hardy than those from non-pruned trees. Pruning resulted in a rapid loss of hardiness at warm temperatures (21C). If trees had been treated with ethephon the previous fall, significant rehardening of dehardened buds from pruned trees occurred at 5 or -1C. Buds from pruned, non-treated trees did not reharden.
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Gallinger, Jannicke, Kerstin Zikeli, Matthias R. Zimmermann, Louisa M. Görg, Axel Mithöfer, Michael Reichelt, Erich Seemüller, Jürgen Gross, and Alexandra C. U. Furch. "Specialized 16SrX phytoplasmas induce diverse morphological and physiological changes in their respective fruit crops." PLOS Pathogens 17, no. 3 (March 25, 2021): e1009459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009459.
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The host-pathogen combinations—Malus domestica (apple)/`Candidatus Phytoplasma mali´, Prunus persica (peach)/`Ca. P. prunorum´ and Pyrus communis (pear)/`Ca. P. pyri´ show different courses of diseases although the phytoplasma strains belong to the same 16SrX group. While infected apple trees can survive for decades, peach and pear trees die within weeks to few years. To this date, neither morphological nor physiological differences caused by phytoplasmas have been studied in these host plants. In this study, phytoplasma-induced morphological changes of the vascular system as well as physiological changes of the phloem sap and leaf phytohormones were analysed and compared with non-infected plants. Unlike peach and pear, infected apple trees showed substantial reductions in leaf and vascular area, affecting phloem mass flow. In contrast, in infected pear mass flow and physicochemical characteristics of phloem sap increased. Additionally, an increased callose deposition was detected in pear and peach leaves but not in apple trees in response to phytoplasma infection. The phytohormone levels in pear were not affected by an infection, while in apple and peach trees concentrations of defence- and stress-related phytohormones were increased. Compared with peach and pear trees, data from apple suggest that the long-lasting morphological adaptations in the vascular system, which likely cause reduced sap flow, triggers the ability of apple trees to survive phytoplasma infection. Some phytohormone-mediated defences might support the tolerance.
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Gibson, Philip G., Gregory L. Reighard, Gary L. Powell, and Thomas C. Jenkins. "530 Graft-transmissible Agents Affect Membrane Fatty Acid Saturation During Chilling Accumulation and Dormancy Release in Peach." HortScience 35, no. 3 (June 2000): 486D—486. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.486d.
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Graft-transmissible agents found in `Ta Tao 5' peach have been associated with phenological changes, including delay in bloom, reduced shoot vigor, and early autumn defoliation. Peach Latent Mosaic Viroid (PLMVd) is present as a graft-transmissible agent in `Ta Tao 5'. In order to further characterize the changes occurring in trees exposed to PLMVd from `Ta Tao 5' grafts, total fatty acid content was measured for peach buds during chilling accumulation and release from dormancy in `Coronet' peach trees and `Coronet' trees treated with `Ta Tao 5' bud grafts. Palmitic (16:0), stearic (18:0), oleic (18:1), linoleic (18:2), and linolenic (18:3) acids were the major fatty acids in dormant and releasing peach buds of both the controls and treated trees. The degree of unsaturation increased immediately following completion of chilling requirement in both the untreated controls and in the treated trees. However, the desaturation of linoleic acid to linolenic acid was significantly inhibited in the trees treated with `Ta Tao 5' bud grafts, which was accompanied by a concomitant delay in the resumption of growth. The disparity between the control and treated trees in the trend toward increased fatty acid unsaturation continued through the resumption of growth. The changes in degree of fatty acid saturation correlated with a response to forcing conditions and the release from dormancy. The presence of PLMVd in `Coronet' peach trees affects membrane fatty acid saturation during chilling accumulation and dormancy release. These findings suggest that metabolic pathways involving fatty acid desaturation are linked to the phenotypic variation in trees exposed to PLMVd.
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Glenn, D. M., and W. V. Welker. "Water Transfer Diminishes Root Competition Between Peach and Tall Fescue." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 118, no. 5 (September 1993): 570–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.118.5.570.
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Seedling `Tennessee Natural' peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] trees were grown in a series of five greenhouse experiments to determine how peach root development was affected by the interaction of soil pressure potential and the presence of Kentucky-31 (K-31) tall fescue (Festuca arundinaceae Schreb.). Peach trees were grown in split-root rhizotrons that had four separate root growth sections. When two of the four sections had live sod (LS) and two remained bare soil (BS), there was no effect of the LS on peach root development when the trees were irrigated daily. Peach root development was reduced in BS and LS treatments when soil pressure potential was less than -0.06 MPa. In contrast, when trees were grown in rhizotrons that had all four sections with either LS or a killed K-31 sod (KS), peach root development was reduced in the LS treatment compared to the KS treatments when irrigated daily or when soil pressure potential reached -0.03 MPa. The apparent root surface water potential of peach trees in the LS treatment was -0.4 MPa lower than that in the KS treatment under daily irrigation due to the interference of the K-31 tall fescue. In two additional experiments using peach trees with BS in all four sections, we maintained three sections at field capacity and allowed one section to dry to -0.06 to 1.5 MPa. During the night, when transpiration was low, water was transferred to the dry soil section via the peach root system from the three wet soil sections. It appears that the root system of peach can maintain root development in the presence of tall fescue by transferring water from regions of high water availability to those of low availability.
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Ivanová, H., G. Juhásová, and Š. Čerčer. "Damage to peach and apricot trees in selected localities of Slovakia." Horticultural Science 32, No. 4 (November 23, 2011): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3778-hortsci.
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In this paper we have evaluated the health condition of Prunus persica (L.) Batsch and Prunus armenia-ca L. for the occurrence of the parasitic microscopic fungus Cytospora cincta Sacc. Apricot trees in 5 localities with 10 sites and peach trees in 5 localities with 8 sites were evaluated. We identified symptoms of the disease in host plants, conditions for isolation and cultivation of the fungus and the growth rate of the mycelium hyphae on various substrates. The damage degree was evaluated in 330 trees in four localities while most trees were characterised by degree 1–3. We have derived conclusions for protective measures to prevent further spreading of the infection.
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Dutcher, James D., Gerard W. Krewer, and Benjamin G. Mullinix. "Imidacloprid Insecticide Slows Development of Phony Peach and Plum Leaf Scald." HortTechnology 15, no. 3 (January 2005): 642–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.15.3.0642.
Full textAbstract:
Observations in controlled field experiments over 5 years indicated that imidacloprid, applied as a soil drench around the trunks of peach (Prunus persica), nectarine (P. persica var. nectarine) and japanese plum (P. salicinia) trees at planting and in the early spring and mid-summer for two subsequent seasons (0.7 g/tree a.i.), slowed the development of symptoms of phony peach disease (PPD) and plum leaf scald (PLS) (Xylella fastidiosa) in the trees. After 3.5 years, the percentage of peach trees showing PPD symptoms was 8.5% for the imidacloprid-treated trees compared to 34.3% for untreated trees. After 4.5 years, the percentage of peach trees showing PPD symptoms was 13.1% in the treated trees and 71.4% in the untreated trees. After 3.5 years, nectarine trees in untreated and treated plots showed PPD symptoms in 8.3% and 0.9% of the trees, respectively. After 4.5 years, PPD symptoms in nectarine were found in 32.3% of the untreated trees and 8.5% of the treated trees. Development of PLS disease in plum was also slowed by the trunk drench with imidacloprid in two japanese plum varieties. After 3.5 years, dieback was observed in 55% of the twigs of untreated and 23% of the twigs of treated trees of `Au Rosa' plum and 33% of the twigs of untreated and 12% of the twigs of treated trees of `Santa Rosa' plum.
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Schettini, Evelia, and Giuliano Vox. "GREENHOUSE PLASTIC FILMS CAPABLE OF MODIFYING THE SPECTRAL DISTRIBUTION OF SOLAR RADIATION." Journal of Agricultural Engineering 41, no. 1 (March 31, 2010): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jae.2010.1.19.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this paper was to investigate the radiometric properties of innovative covering films for protected cultivation capable of modifying the spectral distribution of the transmitted radiation and thus the vegetative activity. Two photoselective films, three photoluminescent films and one low-density polyethylene film were used as greenhouse coverings for cherry trees and peach trees, grown in pots. The photoselective films were characterised by a reduction of the R/FR ratio in comparison to the natural solar radiation. Tree growth parameters, such as the apical shoot of cherry trees and the shoot of peach trees, were monitored. Different responses to vegetative activities were observed under the films, depending on the species, with a higher shoots growth rate in the peach with respect to the cherry. The photoselective film characterised by the lowest R/FR ratio significantly enhanced the growth of cherry and peach trees in comparison to the trees cultivated under the other greenhouse films
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Scorza, Ralph, Daniele Bassi, and Alessandro Liverani. "Genetic Interactions of Pillar (Columnar), Compact, and Dwarf Peach Tree Genotypes." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 127, no. 2 (March 2002): 254–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.127.2.254.
Full textAbstract:
A study was conducted to determine genetic control of the columnar or pillar (PI) growth habit, and to evaluate the effects of interactions of various genes that influence peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch (Peach Group)] growth habit. The PI habit (brbr) examined in this study was inherited as a monogenic trait expressing incomplete dominance. The heterozygous Brbr derived from crosses between standard (ST) and PI genotypes was recognized as an upright (UP) tree with narrower branch angles than ST trees but wider than PI trees. The combination of brbr and brachytic dwarf (DW) (dwdw) produced dwarf-pillar (DWPI) trees. The effects of the heterozygous Brbr in combination with dw and/or compact (CT) (Ct) could not be recognized by visual observation. Compact pillar (CTPI) trees resulted from the expression of Ct_ brbr. These trees were distinguished from globe-shaped (GL) trees (Ct_Brbr) by the more upright growth habit of the CTPI trees. This genetic study highlights the genetic plasticity of tree growth habit in peach. The investigation of novel growth habits extends our concept of the peach tree. Some growth habits such as PI may have commercial potential for high-density peach production systems. Others, such as DWPI and CTPI may have potential as ornamentals.
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Rozova, L., and I. Yudytska. "Entomocomplex of peach plantations in the vegetation period." Karantin i zahist roslin, no. 10-12 (December 14, 2020): 24–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2020.10-12.24-26.
Full textAbstract:
Goal. Study of the entomocomplex of peach plantations in order to plan appropriate measures to limit their harmfulness.
Methods. Laboratory field. The population of peach trees by pests was determined according to generally accepted methods in the Research Garden of the Dmytro Motorny Tavriya State Agrotechnological University. Census counts were conducted in peach plantations of the Crimean Fireworks, Jubilee Sidorenko, Redhaven, Skazka, Vireney and Ambassador of Peace varieties.
Results. It was found that in the agrocenosis of peach plantations during 2018—2019, three permanent species of pests were registered: California thymus (Quadraspidiotus perniciosus Comst.), Turkestan mite (Tetranychus turkestani Ud. Net Nik.) And eastern fruit eater (Grapholitha molesta Busck). The adult age of the last phytophagous began with the beginning of flowering peach trees and lasted until September. The number of butterflies in pheromone traps varied during the growing season from 24.7 to 48.5 specimens / trap, ie significantly exceeded the economic threshold of harmfulness. It should be noted that despite the very high age of the pest in the experiment, damage to peach shoots in all varieties (except Crimean fireworks and the Ambassador of Peace) was below the economic threshold of harmfulness (0.1—1.0%). The population of peach leaves by Turkestan mite on different varieties was 0.1—1.5 specimens / leaf. Studies on the peculiarities of the development of the Californian thyroid have shown that the beginning of the flight of males of the first generation was recorded in pheromone traps in the second decade of May. In 2019, this phase of development is marked a week later. The revival of traveling larvae also occurred at different times, with slight fluctuations. The number of California thyme on peach varieties ranged from 0.8 to 17.2 specimens / shield.
Conclusions. On peach cultivars the California thyme (up to 17.2 specimens/shield), oriental fruit fly (from 0.3 to 2.5 specimens/shoot) and Turkestan spider mite (up to 23.8 specimens / leaf) were noted, depending on The high potential of California thyme reproduction in peach plantations on the Crimean Fireworks, Virenea and Ambassador of Peace varieties has been recorded.
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Zeiri, A., M. Z. Ahmed, M. Braham, M. Braham, and B. L. Qiu. "Host suitability analysis of the bark beetle Scolytus amygdali (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)." Bulletin of Entomological Research 105, no. 4 (March 26, 2015): 434–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485315000176.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractScolytus amygdali is a polyphagous insect pest that feeds on fruit trees and forest trees. Our study assessed the host preference and reproductive potential of S. amygdali on four tree species: almond (Prunus dulcis), apricot (Prunus armeniaca), peach (Prunus persica), and plum (Prunus domestica). Females of S. amygdali produced maternal galleries that were longer on peach than the other three trees, and female fecundity was highest on peach. Females with longer maternal galleries produced more eggs, indicating a positive correlation between maternal gallery length and female fertility. The under-bark development time of S. amygdali is significantly shorter on plum (45 days) and almond (56 days) than on apricot (65 days) and peach (64 days). Despite this longer development time on peach, our results still suggest that, of the four types of tree tested, peach is the most preferred host for S. amygdali.
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Gibson, Philip G., Gregory L. Reighard, Simon W. Scott, and David R. Ouellette. "243 Manipulation of Peach Tree Growth and Development Using Graft-transmissible Agents." HortScience 35, no. 3 (June 2000): 433A—433. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.433a.
Full textAbstract:
Delaying bloom to reduce spring frost risk and reducing labor costs by increasing orchard efficiency are important goals of peach producers. At the Musser Fruit Research Center near Clemson, S.C., `Coronet' peach trees were inoculated with Peach Latent Mosaic Viroid (PLMVd) to induce bloom delay and reduce shoot vigor. Trees were grown in a high-density, Y-trained orchard system to determine the potential benefit of reduced shoot vigor on labor efficiency in summer pruning operations. In Aug. 1997, `Ta Tao 5' buds were grafted onto the scaffolds of 2-year-old `Coronet' peach trees to transmit PLMVd. Transmission was confirmed by dot-blot on N+ nylon membranes using cRNA probes. Bloom was not delayed in the following year, Spring 1998, but bloom was delayed 7 days in Spring 1999. Yields were unaffected in 1998, but the total fruit weight produced on PLMVd-treated trees was significantly less in the 1999 harvest. Individual fruit weight, firmness, and color were improved on the treated trees. Shoot vigor was reduced on the PLMVd treated trees in the summers of 1998 and 1999, resulting in a significant reduction in pruning time and pruning weights. Light penetration was significantly increased in the treated trees when compared to the untreated controls in the summers of 1998 and 1999. Fruiting shoot length and the number of fruit per shoot was unaffected by the PLMVd presence. The trunk cross-sectional area was significantly less on the treated trees when compared to the untreated controls after each year of growth. Autumn defoliation occurred earlier on the treated trees in Fall 1998 and Fall 1999. The manipulation of peach tree growth and development was accomplished using graft transmissible agents as PLMVd induced several beneficial growth and developmental modifications in established peach trees.
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Bourne, Robert D., and Curt Rom. "PEACH ROOTSTOCK PERFORMANCE IN ARKANSAS." HortScience 28, no. 4 (April 1993): 265D—265. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.4.265d.
Full textAbstract:
Several trials were conducted to compare standard and potential peach rootstocks. The NC-140 trial, with 'Redhaven' as the scion, included 'Halford', 'Siberian-C', 'Bailey', 'GF-677', 'GF-655.2', 'Damas', 'Citation', 'Lovell' and 'GF-43' rootstocks. All trees with 'Citation' as the rootstock died in the first three years. while 'CF-43' and 'Siberian-C' had low survivability and productivity. 'Damas' and 'GF-43' suckered profusely. 'Lovell' trees bloomed an average of one-to-three days later than all other entries. 'Halford'. 'GF-677', 'Bailey' and 'Lovell' had the highest yields. A trial comparing 'Loring' own-root and on 'Tennessee Natural' resulted in similar yields among stocks, but larger fruit and tree size with the own-root trees. 'Redskin' own-root and on 'Lovell' also resulted in similar yields among stocks, and larger tree and fruit size with own-root trees. A trial using the processing peach selection A-219 as the scion on `S-37' 'Chum Li Tao', AR-78118, 'Yarbrough Cling' and 'Lovell' resulted in highest yields and yield efficiency with 'Yarbrough Cling', 'Lovell' and 'S-37' rootstocks.
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Hammerschlag, F. A., and R. Scorza. "Field Performance of Micropropagated, Own-rooted Peach Trees." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 116, no. 6 (November 1991): 1089–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.116.6.1089.
Full textAbstract:
Four peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] scion cultivars, `Jerseyqueen', `Redskin', `Suncrest', and `Sunhigh', that were propagated by tissue culture techniques and by bud-grafting onto `Lovell' seedlings, were compared at Kearneysville, W.Va., and at Beltsville, Md. At Kearneysville, total fruit production was higher for tissue-cultured (TC) trees when compared with budded trees in the first 3 years of fruiting, whereas trunk diameter increases were generally larger for budded trees. In the following year, fruit production was similar for both TC and budded trees, although trunk diameter increases continued to be larger for budded trees. At Beltsville, fruit production was significantly higher for TC trees in 1987, the first fruiting season, but the same for both in the second season. Trunk diameter increases were larger for budded trees both years. Differences in tree growth and productivity in the early years of orchard establishment appeared to be related to the size of plants that were planted. Budded trees, which were smaller than TC trees at planting, increased in size faster than TC trees but were less productive. Crop efficiency was cultivar-specific, but differences among cultivars was less if trees were TC propagated. These results suggested that based on yield and growth, own-rooted TC trees should be an acceptable tree type for commercial orchards.
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Parker, Michael L., Dave Ritchie, and Andy Nyczepir. "Peach Rootstock Performance of BY-520-9 and Lovell in a Peach Tree Short Life Replant Site." HortScience 32, no. 3 (June 1997): 497C—497. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.497c.
Full textAbstract:
A study was initiated in 1994 to evaluate the performance of the recently released peach rootstock Guardian TM (BY-5209-9), compared to Lovell, the commercial standard in North Carolina. `Redhaven' was the scion for both rootstocks. Guardian&™ is reported to be tolerant to root-knot nematodes and not affected by ring nematodes, which contribute to the incidence of peach tree short life (PTSL). The site of this study has a history of poor peach tree survival. Six-year-old trees were removed because of tree mortality from PTSL in Spring 1993. After tree removal, one-half of each existing row was pre-plant fumigated and trees were replanted over the rows of the previous orchard in Feb. 1994. In Spring 1996, tree mortality for the trees planted on Lovell was 30%, compared to 10% for the trees planted on GuardianTM. Trunk cross-sectional area for trees grown in the fumigated soil was approximately double that of trees grown in the unfumigated soil for both GuardianTM and Lovell. The 1996 fruit crop was eliminated from frost/freeze conditions and 1997 yields will be discussed. In Fall 1996, one-half of the trees were treated with a post-plant nematicide to determine if such treatments are necessary or beneficial with the GuardianTM rootstock.
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Byers, Ross E., K. S. Yoder, and C. G. Lyons. "Incidence of Stem Pitting of Lovell Rootstock and Own-rooted `Redhaven' and `Cresthaven' Peach Trees." HortScience 29, no. 11 (November 1994): 1269–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.11.1269.
Full textAbstract:
Own-rooted `Redhaven' and `Cresthaven' peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.] trees and `Redhaven' and `Cresthaven' on Lovell seedling rootstock were planted in fumigated and nonfumigated areas of a site where peach trees previously displayed peach stem-pitting (PSP) symptoms. The combined incidence of stem pitting of the `Redhaven' and `Cresthaven' peach trees was 16% on nonfumigated soil in the 10 years of the study. The combined stem-pitting incidence of own-rooted trees (9.1%) was significantly lower than on Lovell roots (22.1%). Incidence of PSP in the adjacent fumigated areas was relatively low (1% Lovell and 4% own-rooted) and, therefore, precluded a comparison of own-rooted and Lovell-rooted trees. Within affected sections of rows, 67% of the `Cresthaven'/Lovell and 64% of the `Redhaven'/Lovell trees had PSP symptoms, but only 25% of own-rooted `Cresthaven' and 18.8% of own-rooted `Redhaven' trees were symptomatic. Although these data suggest that rooted cuttings of these cultivars may be less susceptible to stem pitting, the use of rooted cuttings does not eliminate fumigation as a means of providing acceptable stem-pitting management in a heavily infested site.
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Tworkoski, T. J., and D. M. Glenn. "299 Response of Mature Peach Trees to Grass Competition." HortScience 34, no. 3 (June 1999): 494B—494. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.494b.
Full textAbstract:
Peach tree size has been restricted when trees were grown continuously with grass after tree planting. However, control of excess vegetative growth of fruit trees was inconsistent when grass was planted beneath mature trees. This research determined the effect of seven grasses on growth, leaf nitrogen concentration, and yield of 8-year-old peach trees and on weed abundance. Two cultivars (`Loring' and `Redhaven') of peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] trees were planted in separate orchards in 1987 in a split-plot design with grass as a main effect and time as the subplot. Nine treatments were installed as ground covers beneath peach trees in 1995: Festuca arundinacea, Lolium perenne var Manhattan II; L. perenne var. Linn; Agrostis gigantea, Dactylis glomerata, Phleum pratense, Bromus carintus, weedy control, and herbicide control (simazine, glyphosate). In general, grasses reduced vegetative growth and yield in `Loring' and `Redhaven'. For example, compared to herbicide treatments, orchardgrass reduced sprout length by 27% in `Loring' and by 15% in `Redhaven'. Fruit-bearing branch length was reduced with orchardgrass by 30% in `Loring' and 19% in `Redhaven'. Orchardgrass affected fruit yield more than vegetative growth, reducing yield by 37% and 24% in `Loring' (predominantly in the 2- to 2.5-inch size class) and `Redhaven' (predominantly in the >2.5-inch size class), respectively. All grasses were not equally competitive, `Linn' perennial ryegrass never significantly affected growth or yield. Weedy treatments also did not differ from herbicide treatments in peach tree growth and yield. Grasses and weeds consistently reduced peach tree leaf nitrogen by 17% compared to herbicide treatment, but weed density was not correlated with reductions in yield and vegetative growth. The results indicate that peach cultivars respond differently to grass competition but the relative competitiveness of grass species was similar for both cultivars. Grass competition can reduce growth of mature peach trees but this reduction did not translate to reduced pruning time per tree.
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Beckman, T. G., G. L. Reighard, A. P. Nyczepir, and W. R. Okie. "Orchard Performance of Seedling and Clonal Rootstocks for Peach on a Severe Peach Tree Short-life Site." HortScience 31, no. 4 (August 1996): 666c—666. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.666c.
Full textAbstract:
Thirteen rootstocks grafted with Redhaven peach were established on a severe peach tree short-life (PTSL) site in central Georgia. Most rootstocks tested were peach seedling types: Lovell, Nemaguard, Guardian (BY520-9), BY520-8, Boone County, Bailey and two `Tennessee Natural' selections. A seedling plum rootstock, St. Julian, was also used. Clonal type rootstocks included a peach × almond hybrid, GF677; plum, GF43 and Damas 1869; and a plum hybrid, GF655-2. Trees on Guardian displayed the best survival with only 20% mortality due to PTSL, through 7 years. In contrast, 40% of trees on Lovell succumbed to PTSL. Currently, Lovell is the recommended rootstock for PTSL-prone sites. Other rootstocks ranged from 50% to 100% mortality due to PTSL. Trees on Guardian displayed significantly higher vigor through the first 4 years following planting compared to trees on Lovell. Furthermore, trees on Guardian produced significantly greater yields than those on Lovell, in all but 1 year. Rootstock effects on tree survival, vigor, bloom and harvest dates, fruit yield and size, and suckering will be discussed.
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Derr, Jeffrey F. "Tolerance of Apple and Peach Trees to Triclopyr." HortScience 28, no. 10 (October 1993): 1021–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.10.1021.
Full textAbstract:
The tolerance of newly planted apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) and peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] trees to the postemergence herbicide triclopyr was evaluated infield trials. Apple and peach trees were not injured by triclopyr applied at rates ranging from 0.28 to 1.12 kg acid equivalent (a.e.)/ha as a directed spray to soil. No injury was observed following direct application of 10 ml of a triclopyr solution at 2 g a.e./liter to the lower bark of either tree species. Applications of that solution to an individual branch injured or killed the treated apple or peach branch but did not affect the rest of the tree. No reduction in tree growth or injury was noted 1 year after triclopyr application. Applications of 10 ml of a glyphosate solution at 15 g a.i./liter to an apple branch caused severe injury and a growth reduction by 1 year after application, and killed all treated peach trees when applied to one branch. No triclopyr or 2,4-D treatment had affected apple or peach trunk diameter, number of branches, or tree size 1 year after application. Chemical names used: N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine (glyphosate); [(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl)oxy]acetic acid (triclopyr); (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D).
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Tworkoski, T. J., and R. Scorza. "169 Root Characteristics of Peach Trees with Different Shoot Growth Habits." HortScience 35, no. 3 (June 2000): 419C—419. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.419c.
Full textAbstract:
Peach trees (Prunus persica L.) with diverse shoot growth habits have been developed, but little is known about their root systems. Characterizing shoot and root systems can improve basic understanding of peach tree growth and be important in the development of rootstocks and own-rooted trees. This research determined shoot and root characteristics of four peach tree growth habits (compact, dwarf, pillar, and standard). Seed from four peach growth habits were planted in 128-L containers, grown outside during the 1998 growing season, and then harvested. Compact tree leaf number (1350/tree) was twice, but leaf area (6 cm2/leaf) was half, that of pillar and standard trees. The number of lateral branches in compact trees (34) was nearly three-times more than in pillar and standard trees. The leaf area index (LAI) of pillar trees was greater than compact and standard trees (13 compared with 4 and 3, respectively) due to a narrower crown diameter. Dwarf tree shoots were distinct with few leaves (134 per tree) and a large LAI of 76. Compact trees grew more higher-order lateral roots than pillar and standard trees. More second-order lateral (SOL) roots were produced by compact than standard trees (1.2 vs. 0.8 SOL roots/cm first-order lateral root). Pillar trees had higher shoot-to-root dry weight ratios (2.4) than compact and standard trees (1.7 for both) due to smaller root dry weights. The results indicate fundamental differences in root characteristics among the peach tree growth habits. Compact trees had more higher order lateral roots in roots originating near the root collar (i.e., more fibrous roots), and this correlated with more lateral branches in the canopy. Shoot weights were the same among pillar, compact, and standard trees but root weights were less in pillar trees, resulting in greater shoot-to-root dry weight ratios. These results indicate significant differences in root as well as shoot architecture among growth habits that can affect their use as scion or rootstock varieties.
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Allan, Peter, Alan George, and Robert Nissen. "PHENOLOGY OF LOW-CHILL `FLORDAPRINCE' PEACH." HortScience 27, no. 6 (June 1992): 669a—669. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.669a.
Full textAbstract:
Low chill `Flordaprince' peach trees were grown in subtropical Australia, either following paclobutrazol application to dwarf the trees, or extra nitrogen to invigorate them. Fruits were thinned uniformly. Paclobutrazol significantly reduced the competing spring shoot growth and gave earlier maturity of larger, better quality fruits. It reduced the spring, but increased the autumn root flush. Stage 2 of fruit growth was slightly longer in vigorous trees, resulting in delayed seed growth and greater dry mass of the embryos. Starch reserves were greatest in the roots, followed by the trunk, shoots and leaves. The reserves were lowest during the second half of fruit development, but rose again after the end of shoot extension growth. Leaf N, P, and K levels decreased through the season while Ca and Mg increased. There were significantly lower K and higher Ca and Mg levels in dwarfed trees.
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Parker, M. L., J. Hull, and R. L. Perry. "Orchard Floor Management Affects Peach Rooting." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 118, no. 6 (November 1993): 714–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.118.6.714.
Full textAbstract:
The root distribution of peach trees [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch cv. Redhaven/Halford] as affected by six orchard floor management treatments was evaluated after 3 years of growth. Two treatments were maintained vegetation-free and four had vegetative covers in the alleyway with a 1.2-m-wide herbicide strip in the tree row. The profile wall method was used to determine root distribution. Trees maintained vegetation-free with herbicide had the most roots. Trees in the vegetation-free plots, maintained with herbicide or cultivation, produced more roots 1.2 m from the tree than trees in the vegetative covers. The number of roots, 1.2 m from the tree, was lowest in the tall fescue treatment. The number of roots were higher in the Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) or alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) than with tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea, Schreb.).
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Puterka, G. J., R. Scorza, and M. W. Brown. "Reduced Incidence of Lesser Peachtree Borer and Leucostoma Canker in Peach-Almond Hybrids." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 118, no. 6 (November 1993): 864–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.118.6.864.
Full textAbstract:
Damage by lesser Peachtree borer (LPB) (Synanthedon pictipes Grote & Robinson) and Leucostoma canker that had accumulated during 6 (Orchard A) and 8 (Orchard B) years were compared in peach (Prunus persica L.) and peach-almond [P. amygdalus (Mill.) D. A. Webb] hybrids. Afterward, the main trunk and scaffold limbs of the trees received 10 wounds 26 mm in diameter and a subset of these trees in Orchard A had wounds inoculated with Leucostoma persoonii Hohn. Before wounding, Leucostoma canker infection and LPB infestations that had accumulated for 6 to 8 years on peach-almond hybrids was ≈60% and 98% less than on peach in Orchard A and B, respectively. One month after wounding the trees, no significant differences in Leucostoma canker infection and LPB infestations were found among the peach-almond hybrids, treated or not treated with L. persoonii, or untreated peach. Yet, Leucostoma- treated and untreated peach-almond hybrids had 33% and 25% less Leucostoma canker and LPB, respectively, when compared with Leucostoma- treated peach. Ten months after wounding, peach-almond hybrids treated with L. persoonii still had significantly less Leucostoma canker (60%) and LPB (25%) when compared with Leucostoma- treated peach. Wound gumming and wound closure rates seemed to influence the degree of LPB infestation and Leucostoma canker. Based on these data, peach-almond hybrids could be valuable sources of resistance to LPB and Leucostoma canker.
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Smith, Michael W. "INFLUENCE OF SPACING ON PEACH TREE PERFORMANCE." HortScience 25, no. 8 (August 1990): 853d—853. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.8.853d.
Full textAbstract:
Performance of peach trees at seven spacings were evaluated over an 8-year period. Treatments were `Garnet Beauty' on Lovell spaced 3.0 or 4.6 × 6.1 m and 4.6 or 6.1 × 7.6 m, self-rooted `Garnet Beauty' spaced 1.0 × 6.1 or 7.6 m then thinned to 3.0 × 6.1 or 7.6 m 4-years after planting, and self-rooted `Garnet Beauty' spaced 1.0 × 2.0 × 5.5 m managed as a meadow orchard with alternate rows pruned to 30-cm height after harvest. Trees spaced 4.6 × 6.1 m or closer were mechanically hedged beginning 4-years after planting to 9 m tall and 6 m wide. Trees in all treatments, except 1.0 × 2.0 × 5.5 m, were trained to an open-center and hand-pruned annually. Trunk area and canopy area of trees spaced 3.0 × 4.6 m or closer were smaller than trees in other spacings by 5-years after planting. Cumulative yield per ha of trees spaced 1.0 × 2.0 × 5.5 m was greater than yield from other spacings 2- through 4-years after planting, then less 6- and 7-years after planting. There were no significant differences in yield/ha among the other spacing treatments. Fruit size was not affected by treatment. Yield efficiency of trees spaced 3.0 or 4.6 × 6.1 m decreased by 8-years after planting compared to trees spaced 4.6 or 6.1 × 7.6 m, indicating a reduction in fruit bearing growth. Hand pruning time was proportional to tree spacing.
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Polák, J., and A. Hauptmanová. "Preliminary results of in vivo thermotherapy of plum, apricot and peach cultivars artificially infected with PPV-M and PPV-D strains of Plum pox virus." Horticultural Science 36, No. 3 (August 18, 2009): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/47/2008-hortsci.
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The elimination of <I>Plum pox virus</I> (PPV) in different stone fruit cultivars was verified by the method of thermotherapy <I>in vivo</I>. Trees of two plum cultivars Čačanská lepotica and Švestka domácí, apricot cultivars Leskora and Velkopavlovická, and peach cultivars Redhaven and Earliglo were used. They were infected artificially with two strains of the virus (PPV-D, PPV-M). Two cycles of thermotherapy <I>in vivo</I> were performed. During the first cycle, 16 trees of plum, apricot and peach were treated for 15 days at 37°C. In the second thermotherapy cycle, 10 trees of individual cultivars of plum, apricot and peach were treated for 22 days at 37°C. In the first thermotherapy (T1), 8 trees out of 16 died; PPV was eliminated in 2 trees of cv. Čačanská lepotica, 1 tree of cv. Švestka domácí and 2 trees of cv. Velkopavlovická. In the second thermotherapy (T2), 1 of 10 treated trees died. The virus was eliminated in 2 trees of cv. Čačanská lepotica, 1 tree of cv. Leskora, 2 trees of cv. Velkopavlovická, and 1 tree of cv. Redhaven. Nine (T1) and seven (T2) months after the thermotherapy, the presence of PPV was detected in 6 out of 11 originally recovered trees using ELISA. Out of 26 trees, 4 trees remained recovered: 2 plum trees and 2 apricot trees. One of these trees, apricot cv. Leskora was originally infected with PPV-M strain, whereas the other three with PPV-D strain. None of the 10 peach trees was treated successfully.
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Kim, Wol Soo, Kyong Ho Lim, Hyung Kee Lim, and Byeong Sam Kim. "Super-density Planting and Lower Canopy using Hardwood Cuttings of `Sunaga Wase' Peaches." HortScience 32, no. 3 (June 1997): 477E—477. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.477e.
Full textAbstract:
In order to investigate the super-density planting in peach orchards, the experiment was carried out using nursery trees out of hardwood cuttings in `Sunaga Wase' peach (Prunus persica L.). The nursery trees were planted with various planting densities of 1 × 0.5 m (20,000 trees/ha), 1 × 1 m (10,000 trees/ha), 2 × 0.5 m (10,000 trees/ha), 2 × 1 m (5,000 trees/ha), and 6 × 5 m (330 trees/ha) as traditional density on 22 Mar. 1995. As soon as fruit harvest in mid-July, the peach trees were pruned by thinning and heading-back the shoots to induce the new shoot as well as to limit the tree height and lower the canopy. During the second year after planting, nursery cutting trees yielded the most peach fruits from the planting density of 1 × 0.5 m, as much as 14.37 t, which was 14 times higher than the 6 × 5 m of traditional density, followed by 2 × 0.5 m, 1 × 1 m, 2 × 1 m, and 6 × 5 m, respectively. According to summer pruning just after harvest, remaining vegetative buds burst and then the new shoot grew very vigorously in several days. The floral bud differentiation on the new shoots was lower, as much as 32.2%, than that of 77.9% in no-pruning shoots. There were no differences in fruit characteristics among various planting densities.
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Bubán, T., and I. Turi. "DELAYING BLOOM IN APRICOT AND PEACH TREES." Acta Horticulturae, no. 192 (November 1986): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1986.192.11.
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Natali, S., C. Xiloyannis, and M. Mugano. "WATER CONSUMPTION IN HIGH DENSITY PEACH TREES." Acta Horticulturae, no. 173 (December 1985): 413–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1985.173.47.
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Byers, R. E. "RESPONSE OF PEACH TREES TO BLOOM THINNING." Acta Horticulturae, no. 254 (October 1989): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1989.254.18.
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