Academic literature on the topic 'PEADS Network'
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Journal articles on the topic "PEADS Network"
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Lima, Verônica dos Santos. "Práticas exitosas e Currículo Contextualizado em escolas do campo no município de Teotônio Vilela, Alagoas." Revista Interseção 4, no. 1 (2023): 113–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.48178/intersecao.v4i1.429.
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RESUMO: O presente relato de experiências busca apresentar as práticas exitosas desenvolvidas com ênfase no currículo contextualizado nas instituições do campo na rede municipal de ensino de Teotônio Vilela-AL, em 2022. O mesmo faz uma discussão sobre a Educação do Campo e do currículo contextualizado, mostrando conceitos e possibilidades de contextualizar o currículo apresentando as contribuições da Rede de Educação Contextualizada do Agreste e Semiárido de Alagoas (Recasa) no agreste alagoano a inserção da Pedagogia Educacional de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Sustentável (PEADS) no currículo das escolas do campo. Como instrumentos de pesquisa qualitativa, fora utilizada a ficha de monitoramento da prática da coordenação pedagógica e a observação direta das práticas contextualizadas dos/as professores/as durante o processo de ensino aprendizagem das escolas do campo do município de Teotônio Vilela, AL. Ao mesmo tempo que descrevemos como acontecem as práticas pedagógicas exitosas nas escolas do campo no município. O relato de experiências está ancorado a partir dos pressupostos teóricos de Arroio (2011) e Molina; Sá (2012) entre outros. E por fim, com base nos resultados da pesquisa foi possível denotar os bons resultados na aprendizagem, na não evasão, no índice de aprovação nas escolas, bons resultados no IDEB entre outros elementos que condicionam a harmonia entre as práticas pedagógicas e a execução do currículo enquanto suporte teórico norteador.
 Palavras-chave: Educação do Campo. Currículo. Contextualização.
 
 ABSTRACT: This experience report seeks to present the successful practices developed with emphasis on the contextualized curriculum in rural institutions in the municipal teaching network of Teotônio Vilela-AL, in 2022. The same makes a discussion about the Education of the Field and the contextualized curriculum, showing concepts and possibilities of contextualizing the curriculum presenting the contributions of the Network of Contextualized Education of the Agreste and Semi-arid of Alagoas (Recasa) in the agreste of Alagoas the insertion of the Educational Support Pedagogy to Sustainable Development (PEADS) in the curriculum of rural schools. As qualitative research instruments, the monitoring form of the practice of pedagogical coordination and the direct observation of the contextualized practices of the teachers during the teaching-learning process of the rural schools in the municipality of Teotônio Vilela, AL were used. At the same time we describe how successful pedagogical practices occur in rural schools in the municipality. The experience report is anchored from the theoretical assumptions of Arroio (2011) and Molina; Sá (2012) among others. And finally, based on the results of the research, it was possible to denote the good results in learning, in the non-evasion, in the approval rate in schools, good results in the IDEB, among other elements that condition the harmony between the pedagogical practices and the execution of the curriculum. as a guiding theoretical support.
 Keywords: Field Education. Curriculum. Contextualization.
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Sullivan, Brendan, Rick Archibald, Jahaun Azadmanesh, et al. "BraggNet: integrating Bragg peaks using neural networks." Journal of Applied Crystallography 52, no. 4 (2019): 854–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576719008665.
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Neutron crystallography offers enormous potential to complement structures from X-ray crystallography by clarifying the positions of low-Z elements, namely hydrogen. Macromolecular neutron crystallography, however, remains limited, in part owing to the challenge of integrating peak shapes from pulsed-source experiments. To advance existing software, this article demonstrates the use of machine learning to refine peak locations, predict peak shapes and yield more accurate integrated intensities when applied to whole data sets from a protein crystal. The artificial neural network, based on the U-Net architecture commonly used for image segmentation, is trained using about 100 000 simulated training peaks derived from strong peaks. After 100 training epochs (a round of training over the whole data set broken into smaller batches), training converges and achieves a Dice coefficient of around 65%, in contrast to just 15% for negative control data sets. Integrating whole peak sets using the neural network yields improved intensity statistics compared with other integration methods, including k-nearest neighbours. These results demonstrate, for the first time, that neural networks can learn peak shapes and be used to integrate Bragg peaks. It is expected that integration using neural networks can be further developed to increase the quality of neutron, electron and X-ray crystallography data.
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Chen Benyong, 陈本永, 赵勇 Zhao Yong, 楼盈天 Lou Yingtian та ін. "基于卷积神经网络智能识别吸收峰的激光稳频方法". Chinese Journal of Lasers 51, № 17 (2024): 1701005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/cjl231308.
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Yao, Shunyu, Weike Lu, Lan Liu, and Guojing Hu. "The Peak Stability Analysis through Hysteresis Phenomenon on Heterogeneous Networks." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2024 (February 6, 2024): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/4166921.
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The macroscopic fundamental diagram (MFD) is a nonuniversal changing process over network traffic status which indicates different shapes in different networks. Hysteresis is observed in the MFD of some urban networks. It is a unique phenomenon when the network remains at low stability level and usually appears around the congestion period. This paper analyzed network peak stability through focusing on hysteresis. The formation mechanism of hysteresis is deduced from the mathematical method based on previous research studies. The precondition of hysteresis and the changing process of network state can be figured by mathematical deduction. It indicates that hysteresis only occurs conditionally in the period of macroscopic congestion and is not a universal phenomenon. Heterogeneity is an important factor leading to network instability. The hysteresis patterns of different peaks in MFD are different due to the variation of network flow. Real data are collected from Atlanta’s urban network to verify the analysis of hysteresis. To discuss the changing process of hysteresis in different peaks, a three-stage division is proposed and time series is presented as a third dimension in MFD. It is worth noticing that the existence and form of hysteresis in morning and evening peaks are different. Although there is a higher peak flow in the morning peak, the stability of the evening peak performs better when hysteresis occurs in the network. The different fluctuations in the morning and evening peaks are exhibited through the 3D version of MFD. The otherness of hysteresis in different peaks is explained through a 3D coordinate system with cross-compared corresponding indexes.
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Martynenko, A. V., and O. N. Ie. "Modelling of natural development of interurban network of vehicular roads." Herald of the Ural State University of Railway Transport, no. 2 (2020): 4–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.20291/2079-0392-2020-2-4-12.
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The main peculiarities of transport network functioning and structure are the result of reciprocal influence of the network and its service area. Namely, current transport needs of the area are the key factor, affecting any specific decision on creating a new network element. However, transport needs of the area significantly changes in the course of time and certain management decisions are poorly coordinated and made in conditions of incomplete information on future network state. Therefore, transport networks have a variety of features of natural objects and their development can be regarded as a result of implementation of some in-ner consistent patterns and mechanisms. The models of natural development of transport networks influenced by various external and internal factors are dealt with in the article. An approach to modelling of natural development of a transport network based on information on spatial location of its peaks is suggested. As an illustration of potentiality of the given approach Sverdlovsk region network of vehicular roads is used. A measure which indicates morphological similarity of the networks is introduced. The models of Sverdlovsk region vehicular road network are built for different representations of function, which characterize the extent of remoteness of one peak to the pair to other peaks. The generating network model which is sufficiently close to a real network is obtained. It is demonstrated that many fundamental features of a real network are the result of location of its peaks and for their explanation there is no need in additional social-economic and demographic information.
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Chesshire, Paige R., Lindsie M. McCabe, and Neil S. Cobb. "Variation in Plant–Pollinator Network Structure along the Elevational Gradient of the San Francisco Peaks, Arizona." Insects 12, no. 12 (2021): 1060. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12121060.
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The structural patterns comprising bimodal pollination networks can help characterize plant–pollinator systems and the interactions that influence species distribution and diversity over time and space. We compare network organization of three plant–pollinator communities along the altitudinal gradient of the San Francisco Peaks in northern Arizona. We found that pollination networks become more nested, as well as exhibit lower overall network specialization, with increasing elevation. Greater weight of generalist pollinators at higher elevations of the San Francisco Peaks may result in plant–pollinator communities less vulnerable to future species loss due to changing climate or shifts in species distribution. We uncover the critical, more generalized pollinator species likely responsible for higher nestedness and stability at the higher elevation environment. The generalist species most important for network stability may be of the greatest interest for conservation efforts; preservation of the most important links in plant–pollinator networks may help secure the more specialized pollinators and maintain species redundancy in the face of ecological change, such as changing climate.
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Meng, Yuanyuan, and Xiyu Liu. "Finding Central Vertices and Community Structure via Extended Density Peaks-Based Clustering." Information 12, no. 12 (2021): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info12120501.
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Community detection is a significant research field of social networks, and modularity is a common method to measure the division of communities in social networks. Many classical algorithms obtain community partition by improving the modularity of the whole network. However, there is still a challenge in community division, which is that the traditional modularity optimization is difficult to avoid resolution limits. To a certain extent, the simple pursuit of improving modularity will cause the division to deviate from the real community structure. To overcome these defects, with the help of clustering ideas, we proposed a method to filter community centers by the relative connection coefficient between vertices, and we analyzed the community structure accordingly. We discuss how to define the relative connection coefficient between vertices, how to select the community centers, and how to divide the remaining vertices. Experiments on both real and synthetic networks demonstrated that our algorithm is effective compared with the state-of-the-art methods.
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Roberts-Lombard, Mornay, and Daniël Johannes Petzer. "Customer satisfaction/delight and behavioural intentions of cell phone network customers – an emerging market perspective." European Business Review 30, no. 4 (2018): 427–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ebr-03-2017-0061.
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PurposeThis study aims to investigate the extent to which the satisfaction/delight experienced by customers of cell phone network service providers is influenced by their perceptions of the networks’ employee service delivery skills and the value that the customers derive from the networks’ offerings. In turn, the influence of the extent of their satisfaction/delight on future behavioural intention (BI) is determined.Design/methodology/approachA descripto-explanatory research design is followed and data are collected from satisfied/delighted cell phone network service provider customers using self-administered questionnaires. A total of 593 responses were suitable for analysis. An exploratory factor analysis is used to uncover the interrelationships between the items measuring the study’s constructs. Furthermore, the measurement and structural models are assessed.FindingsPerceived employee service delivery skills (PESDS) and value significantly and positively influence customer satisfaction/delight experiences, whereas customer satisfaction/delight experiences significantly and positively influence their BIs.Research limitations/implicationsThe model tested confirms the hypothesised relationships between PESDS, perceived value, customer satisfaction/delight experiences and BIs of cell phone network customers. Customer satisfaction/delight experiences are linked to their two antecedents (PESDS and value) and their outcome, BI.Practical implicationsThe findings assist cell phone network service providers in understanding how PESDS and value can foster customer delight, ultimately leading to positive BIs from customers.Originality/valueThis study focuses only on satisfied customers and determines the interrelationships of the extent to which they encounter customer satisfaction/delight experiences and related constructs. Few research studies, however, have examined how customer satisfaction/delight experiences relate to its antecedents and outcome.
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Al Alam, Pamela, Joseph Constantin, Ibtissam Constantin, and Clelia Lopez. "Partitioning of Transportation Networks by Efficient Evolutionary Clustering and Density Peaks." Algorithms 15, no. 3 (2022): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a15030076.
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Road traffic congestion has became a major problem in most countries because it affects sustainable mobility. Partitioning a transport network into homogeneous areas can be very useful for monitoring traffic as congestion is spatially correlated in adjacent roads, and it propagates at different speeds as a function of time. Spectral clustering has been successfully applied for the partitioning of transportation networks based on the spatial characteristics of congestion at a specific time. However, this type of classification is not suitable for data that change over time. Evolutionary spectral clustering represents a state-of-the-art algorithm for grouping objects evolving over time. However, the disadvantages of this algorithm are the cubic time complexity and the high memory demand, which make it insufficient to handle a large number of data sets. In this paper, we propose an efficient evolutionary spectral clustering algorithm that solves the drawbacks of evolutionary spectral clustering by reducing the size of the eigenvalue problem. This algorithm is applied in a dynamic environment to partition a transportation network into connected homogeneous regions that evolve with time. The number of clusters is selected automatically by using a density peak algorithm adopted for the classification of traffic congestion based on the sparse snake similarity matrix. Experiments on the real network of Amsterdam city demonstrate the superiority of the proposed algorithm in robustness and effectiveness.
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Wu, Shaolei, Jianing Wu, Di Lu, Hossein Azadi, and Jie Liu. "A Coupling Model for Measuring the Substitution of Subways for Buses during Snowstorms: A Case Study of Shenyang, China." Sustainability 16, no. 4 (2024): 1486. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16041486.
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The development of integrated public transportation networks has received widespread attention in recent years. Especially in global northern cities, improving the substitution of subways for buses could meet population travel demand during snowstorms, which minimizes the impact of snowstorms on the public transportation network. Furthermore, the development of rail transit is conducive to the intensive and efficient use of land resources. Therefore, in this study, we selected a northern Chinese city, Shenyang, as a case study. For obtaining the population travel demand, we collected the actual population flow data in the morning and evening peaks during snowstorms. The network analysis was used to identify the loopholes and key stations in the subway and bus networks, respectively. A coupling model was built to measure the coupling value of each station in the subway and bus networks, according to its population travel demand and supply capacity, which was further used to measure the substitution of subways for buses in the morning and evening peaks during snowstorms. The results indicate that some subway stations were in a coupling state, while their surrounding bus stations were in a decoupling state. These subway stations could replace the bus stations to reduce the impact and damage of snowstorms on public transportation network. However, some subway stations and the surrounding bus stations were all in a decoupling state, which were under great pressure to meet the population commuting demand during snowstorms. This study can provide insight into optimizing public transportation network planning and design in many northern regions and help to coordinate land and transportation utilization.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "PEADS Network"
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Jaziri, Aymen. "Tracking traffic peaks in mobile networks and the impact of its imperfection on system performances." Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TELE0020/document.
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L'un des challenges le plus important pour les opérateurs des réseaux mobiles est de dimensionner le réseau de la manière la plus efficace possible, c'est-à-dire, bien planifier les ressources pour fournir une bonne couverture et une meilleure capacité. Afin de mieux gérer le trafic généré dans le réseau, les opérateurs déploient des petites cellules pour aider les macro-cellules à délester les zones de la cellule où le trafic de données est significativement supérieur au trafic moyen dans la cellule. Cependant, le problème majeur de ces réseaux hétérogènes consiste à bien localiser ces hotspots et puis de mettre en place la meilleure solution pour les absorber. Dans cette thèse, on traite le sujet de localisation de hotspot et on étudie l'impact de son imperfection sur les performances des déploiements des réseaux hétérogènes. Dans une première étape, on propose une nouvelle méthode de localisation de hotspot. Puis, on propose d'évaluer l'impact d'une mauvaise localisation de trafic sur le déploiement des petites cellules à travers une analyse de performances au niveau statique et dynamique. Sachant qu'une grande quantité de trafic de données dans le réseau mobile est générée par des utilisateurs qui sont en mouvement, on propose d'évaluer les performances des petites cellules mobiles. Enfin, la quatrième étape consiste à améliorer encore la solution de déploiement de petites cellules en utilisant les drones. On propose un mécanisme de décongestion du réseau et on discute les avantages et les points à explorer. Une analyse de performance est aussi réalisée pour comparer cette solution avec les solutions classiques de macro cellules et de petites cellules<br>The continuous increasing traffic in cellular networks has forced the mobile operators to look for efficient and viable options to manage their networks so as to ensure more efficiency over the network life cycle while also evolving with the implementation of new technologies. Traffic hotspot localization can help operators to identify the areas where deploying small cells can reduce the congestion. We firstly propose and assess a new traffic hotspot localization method based on the projection of O&M KPIs on the coverage map. Compared to probing methods, the computational costs and the equipment expenditures are reduced. Moreover, the localization accuracy is improved. Next, in order to evaluate the impact of the limited accuracy of traffic localization tools on small cell deployment, we study the performances of three different scenarios. The first one considers a network of macrocells only and represents a benchmark to decide about the usefulness of small cells. The second one is based on a network of macrocells with a perfectly deployed small cell allowing to identify the limitations of small cell deployment and the last one is with an imperfectly deployed small cell. Realizing that a significant amount of cellular demand is generated on the go and suffers deteriorating quality, we investigate the potential performance gains of using moving small cells. The major outcome is to understand if moving cells leverage the relative operators' investments. Finally, we propose a new mobile data offloading mechanism which capitalizes on drone small cells to alleviate the data traffic load. We realize a performance evaluation and comparison with classic small cell deployment
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Jaziri, Aymen. "Tracking traffic peaks in mobile networks and the impact of its imperfection on system performances." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TELE0020.
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L'un des challenges le plus important pour les opérateurs des réseaux mobiles est de dimensionner le réseau de la manière la plus efficace possible, c'est-à-dire, bien planifier les ressources pour fournir une bonne couverture et une meilleure capacité. Afin de mieux gérer le trafic généré dans le réseau, les opérateurs déploient des petites cellules pour aider les macro-cellules à délester les zones de la cellule où le trafic de données est significativement supérieur au trafic moyen dans la cellule. Cependant, le problème majeur de ces réseaux hétérogènes consiste à bien localiser ces hotspots et puis de mettre en place la meilleure solution pour les absorber. Dans cette thèse, on traite le sujet de localisation de hotspot et on étudie l'impact de son imperfection sur les performances des déploiements des réseaux hétérogènes. Dans une première étape, on propose une nouvelle méthode de localisation de hotspot. Puis, on propose d'évaluer l'impact d'une mauvaise localisation de trafic sur le déploiement des petites cellules à travers une analyse de performances au niveau statique et dynamique. Sachant qu'une grande quantité de trafic de données dans le réseau mobile est générée par des utilisateurs qui sont en mouvement, on propose d'évaluer les performances des petites cellules mobiles. Enfin, la quatrième étape consiste à améliorer encore la solution de déploiement de petites cellules en utilisant les drones. On propose un mécanisme de décongestion du réseau et on discute les avantages et les points à explorer. Une analyse de performance est aussi réalisée pour comparer cette solution avec les solutions classiques de macro cellules et de petites cellules<br>The continuous increasing traffic in cellular networks has forced the mobile operators to look for efficient and viable options to manage their networks so as to ensure more efficiency over the network life cycle while also evolving with the implementation of new technologies. Traffic hotspot localization can help operators to identify the areas where deploying small cells can reduce the congestion. We firstly propose and assess a new traffic hotspot localization method based on the projection of O&M KPIs on the coverage map. Compared to probing methods, the computational costs and the equipment expenditures are reduced. Moreover, the localization accuracy is improved. Next, in order to evaluate the impact of the limited accuracy of traffic localization tools on small cell deployment, we study the performances of three different scenarios. The first one considers a network of macrocells only and represents a benchmark to decide about the usefulness of small cells. The second one is based on a network of macrocells with a perfectly deployed small cell allowing to identify the limitations of small cell deployment and the last one is with an imperfectly deployed small cell. Realizing that a significant amount of cellular demand is generated on the go and suffers deteriorating quality, we investigate the potential performance gains of using moving small cells. The major outcome is to understand if moving cells leverage the relative operators' investments. Finally, we propose a new mobile data offloading mechanism which capitalizes on drone small cells to alleviate the data traffic load. We realize a performance evaluation and comparison with classic small cell deployment
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Alsulami, Khalil Ibrahim D. "Application-Based Network Traffic Generator for Networking AI Model Development." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1619387614152354.
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Bernard, Marion. "Déploiement large échelle du POCIS pour l’évaluation de la contamination par les pesticides dans les eaux de surface : apports et complémentarité dans le cadre des réseaux de surveillance du bassin Adour-Garonne." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0334/document.
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Les milieux aquatiques sont les réceptacles finaux des pesticides organiques et inorganiques. Ainsi, des textes réglementaires fixant des objectifs afin de préserver et restaurer l’état des milieux aquatiques ont été établis (ex. Directive Cadre sur l’Eau). Ces textes réglementaires ou les programmes d'actions s'accompagnent de la mise en place de réseaux de suivi de la qualité des eaux. Ces suivis sont effectués via la réalisation de prélèvements ponctuels d'eau, fournissant une donnée souvent sujette à un manque de représentativité temporelle. Pour estimer de façon plus robuste une concentration moyenne dans le temps, des techniques d’échantillonnage passif ont été développées. Celles-ci permettent la pré-concentration in situ des contaminants et disposent d’une capacité intégrative sur plusieurs semaines. Ces travaux de thèse sont axés sur le Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler (POCIS), largement utilisé pour l’échantillonnage des pesticides moyennement polaires et non ionisables (0 10 000 données). Les données acquises avec les POCIS ont été utilisées pour réaliser des analyses multivariées, type « principal component analysis » et « hierarchical cluster analysis » afin de démontrer des liens entre occupation du sol et pesticides quantifiés. De plus, l’empreinte « pesticides » de chaque site a été établie. Ainsi, ce dernier axe a permis une meilleure caractérisation des zones les plus à risques ainsi qu’une identification rapide des sources potentielles.Ces travaux de thèse ont donc démontré des aspects fondamentaux et appliqués qui confirment l’intérêt du POCIS pour évaluer la qualité des eaux superficielles vis-à-vis des pesticides<br>The aquatic environments are considered as the final receptacles of organic or inorganic pesticides. Thus, regulatory texts were established in order to preserve and restore the good status for the aquatic environments (e.g. Water Framework Directive). Currently, the conventional method for freshwater analysis is grab sampling several times per year with a lack of temporal representativeness. To overcome this issue, and in the aim of estimating a robust average concentration over time, passive sampling strategies have been developed. These samplers allow an in situ pre-concentration of contaminants and offer an integrative capacity of several weeks. This thesis focuses on the Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler (POCIS), which is widely used for the sampling of moderately polar or no-ionizable pesticides (0 10,000 data). Data acquired with POCIS were used to demonstrate correlations between land use and quantified pesticides. In this context, multivariate analyses, such as hierarchical clustering and principal component analyses, confirmed the relationship between land use in the watershed and the major pesticides quantified. Then, the "pesticide" fingerprint of each site was established. Finally, this last axis has made it possible to better characterize the sites most at risk and to quickly identify potential sources.This thesis work demonstrated fundamental and applied aspects, which confirm the interest of the POCIS in assessing the freshwater quality for pesticides
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Löfgren, Louise. "Elbilsladdnings påverkan på elnätet : Simuleringar av Gävles lokala elnät med olika laddningsmönster." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Energisystem och byggnadsteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-36846.
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Transportsektorn står inför en omställning från förbränningsfordon till eldrivna fordon. Detta är en åtgärd för att minska koldioxidutsläppet inom transportsektorn och därmed reducera klimatpåverkan. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur en ökad effektanvändning i form av elbilsladdning påverkar Gävles lokala elnät samt hur olika laddtekniker påverkar elnätet. Bakgrunden till studien grundar sig att elnätsföretaget vill öka medvetenheten om hur elnätets beredskap ser ut för en ökad elbilsladdning. Att undersöka elbilsladdningens påverkan på elnätet är av stor nytta för elnätsföretaget, men även andra som undersöker elbilsladdnings påverkan i elnätet kan ha användning för studien. Ämnet elbilsladdning är mycket aktuellt och många studier undersöker olika delar som berör elbilsladdning. Tidigare studier undersöker även olika typer av laddtekniker och hur smart laddning minska påverkan i elnätet. Smart laddning kan anpassa elbilsladdningen genom att styra den efter olika styrsignaler och sammankoppla hela elnätet. Denna studie undersöker delar av Gävles lokala elnät genom att simulera befintliga mätvärden lågspänningsnätet samt olika typer av elbilsladdning. Studien analyserar effektanvändningen av befintliga mätdata samt belastningsström och spänningsfall i elnätet med varierande lastprofiler i fyra olika områden. Resultatet för denna studie visar att elbilsladdning påverkar elnätet, vilket beror på vilken typ av laddteknik som används samt dimensioneringen av elnätet. Studien visar att elanvändningen i området idag har effekttoppar på eftermiddag och kväll när kunderna består av villakunder men att effekttoppen kan vara mitt på dagen där det finns industrier. Med elbilsladdning ökar belastningen samt spänningsfallet i nätet och en del av säkringarna i nätet löser ut. Laddning med 11 kW mellan kl. 16:00-19:00 samt laddning med effektvakt på 13,8 kW ger störst belastning och spänningsfall. Laddning utan styrning är den laddteknik som påverkar elnätet mest men laddning med effektvakt orsakar också problem. Laddning med 5,5 kW mellan kl. 23:00-06:00 samt när endast 50% av alla kunder laddar med 11 kW mellan kl. 16:00-19:00 är de scenarion som påverkar elnätet minst. Laddning med en låg effekt under natten när grundlasten är som lägst är den laddteknik som är mest gynnsam för elnätet. Studien visar även att nätet klarar en högre belastning av elbilsladdning inom en snar framtid om endast en del av kunderna i nätet använder elfordon.<br>The transport sector is facing a transition from combustion engine vehicles to electric vehicles. Through this action the carbon dioxide emissions in the transport sector can be reduced. The purpose of this study is to observe how an increased power use from electric vehicle charging (EVC) affects the local electricity grid in Gävle. The study also addresses how different charging techniques affect the electricity grid. The background of this study is to the increase awareness of the capacity of the electricity grid. There is a need from the electricity grid company to look over the impact on the grid from EVC. This could also be useful for others looking over the impact on the electricity grid from EVC. This is a hot topic and lots of other studies look over the different aspects of EVC. Previous studies also examine different types of charging techniques and how smart charging reduces the negative impact on the electricity grid. Smart charging is a way to adjust the EVC by regulating it after different parameters and connecting the entire electrical grid. This study simulates existing measured values of the low-voltage grid in Gävle and various types of EVC. This study examines the power use of existing measurement data as well as load current and voltage drops in the electricity grid with different load profiles in four different areas. Results from this study shot that EVC affects the electricity grid, to what extent depends on the type of charging technology used and the dimensions of the electricity grid. The study shows that electricity use in the area has power peaks in the afternoon and evening with residential customers, but power peaks tend to be in the middle of the day if there are industries in the area. EVC increase the load on the electricity grid, causes voltage drops and a few fuses in the grid to be triggered. Charging with 11 kW between 16:00-19:00 and charging with a power monitor of 13.8 kW create the greatest voltage drops and highest load on the grid. Charging without means of control affects the electricity grid the most but charging with a power monitor also creates problems. Charging with 5.5 kW between 23:00-06:00 as well as when only 50 % of all customers charge with 11 kW between 16:00-19:00 impacts the grid the least. Charging with low power during the night when the base load is at its lowest is the charging technology that is most favorable for the electricity grid. Results also show that the grid can handle a higher load of EVC in the near future if only some of the customers in the network start using electric vehicles.
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Denecker, Thomas. "Bioinformatique et analyse de données multiomiques : principes et applications chez les levures pathogènes Candida glabrata et Candida albicans Functional networks of co-expressed genes to explore iron homeostasis processes in the pathogenic yeast Candida glabrata Efficient, quick and easy-to-use DNA replication timing analysis with START-R suite FAIR_Bioinfo: a turnkey training course and protocol for reproducible computational biology Label-free quantitative proteomics in Candida yeast species: technical and biological replicates to assess data reproducibility Rendre ses projets R plus accessibles grâce à Shiny Pixel: a content management platform for quantitative omics data Empowering the detection of ChIP-seq "basic peaks" (bPeaks) in small eukaryotic genomes with a web user-interactive interface A hypothesis-driven approach identifies CDK4 and CDK6 inhibitors as candidate drugs for treatments of adrenocortical carcinomas Characterization of the replication timing program of 6 human model cell lines." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASL010.
Full textAbstract:
Plusieurs évolutions sont constatées dans la recherche en biologie. Tout d’abord, les études menées reposent souvent sur des approches expérimentales quantitatives. L’analyse et l’interprétation des résultats requièrent l’utilisation de l’informatique et des statistiques. Également, en complément des études centrées sur des objets biologiques isolés, les technologies expérimentales haut débit permettent l’étude des systèmes (caractérisation des composants du système ainsi que des interactions entre ces composants). De très grandes quantités de données sont disponibles dans les bases de données publiques, librement réutilisables pour de nouvelles problématiques. Enfin, les données utiles pour les recherches en biologie sont très hétérogènes (données numériques, de textes, images, séquences biologiques, etc.) et conservées sur des supports d’information également très hétérogènes (papiers ou numériques). Ainsi « l’analyse de données » s’est petit à petit imposée comme une problématique de recherche à part entière et en seulement une dizaine d’années, le domaine de la « Bioinformatique » s’est en conséquence totalement réinventé. Disposer d’une grande quantité de données pour répondre à un questionnement biologique n’est souvent pas le défi principal. La vraie difficulté est la capacité des chercheurs à convertir les données en information, puis en connaissance. Dans ce contexte, plusieurs problématiques de recherche en biologie ont été abordées lors de cette thèse. La première concerne l’étude de l’homéostasie du fer chez la levure pathogène Candida glabrata. La seconde concerne l’étude systématique des modifications post-traductionnelles des protéines chez la levure pathogène Candida albicans. Pour ces deux projets, des données « omiques » ont été exploitées : transcriptomiques et protéomiques. Des outils bioinformatiques et des outils d’analyses ont été implémentés en parallèle conduisant à l’émergence de nouvelles hypothèses de recherche en biologie. Une attention particulière et constante a aussi été portée sur les problématiques de reproductibilité et de partage des résultats avec la communauté scientifique<br>Biological research is changing. First, studies are often based on quantitative experimental approaches. The analysis and the interpretation of the obtained results thus need computer science and statistics. Also, together with studies focused on isolated biological objects, high throughput experimental technologies allow to capture the functioning of biological systems (identification of components as well as the interactions between them). Very large amounts of data are also available in public databases, freely reusable to solve new open questions. Finally, the data in biological research are heterogeneous (digital data, texts, images, biological sequences, etc.) and stored on multiple supports (paper or digital). Thus, "data analysis" has gradually emerged as a key research issue, and in only ten years, the field of "Bioinformatics" has been significantly changed. Having a large amount of data to answer a biological question is often not the main challenge. The real challenge is the ability of researchers to convert the data into information and then into knowledge. In this context, several biological research projects were addressed in this thesis. The first concerns the study of iron homeostasis in the pathogenic yeast Candida glabrata. The second concerns the systematic investigation of post-translational modifications of proteins in the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans. In these two projects, omics data were used: transcriptomics and proteomics. Appropriate bioinformatics and analysis tools were developed, leading to the emergence of new research hypotheses. Particular and constant attention has also been paid to the question of data reproducibility and sharing of results with the scientific community
7
Davis, Anto K. "Antiresonance and Noise Suppression Techniques for Digital Power Distribution Networks." Thesis, 2015. http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/3967.
Full textAbstract:
Power distribution network (PDN) design was a non-existent entity during the early days of microprocessors due to the low frequency of operation. Once the switching frequencies of the microprocessors started moving towards and beyond MHz regions, the parasitic inductance of the PCB tracks and planes started playing an important role in determining the maximum voltage on a PDN. Voltage regulator module (VRM) sup-plies only the DC power for microprocessors. When the MOSFETs inside a processor switches, it consumes currents during transition time. If this current is not provided, the voltage on the supply rails can go below the specifications of the processor. For lower MHz processors few ceramic-capacitors known as ‘decoupling capacitors’ were connected between power and ground to provide this transient current demand. When the processor frequency increased beyond MHz, the number of capacitors also increased from few numbers to hundreds of them. Nowadays, the PDN is said to be comprising all components from VRM till the die location. It includes VRM, bulk capacitors, PCB power planes, capacitor mounting pads and vias, mount for the electronic package, package capacitors, die mount and internal die capacitance. So, the PDN has evolved into a very complex system over the years.
A PDN should provide three distinct roles; 1) provide transient current required by the processor 2) act as a stable reference voltage for processor 3) filter out the noise currents injected by the processor. The first two are required for the correct operation of the processor. Third one is a requirement from analog or other sensitive circuits connected to the same PDN. If the noise exits the printed circuit board (PCB), it can result in conducted and radiated EMI, which can in turn result in failure of a product in EMC testing.
Every PDN design starts with the calculation of a target impedance which is given as the ratio of maximum allowed ripple voltage to the maximum transient current required by the processor. The transient current is usually taken as half the average input current. The definition of target impedance assumes that the PDN is flat over the entire frequency of operation, which is true only for a resistive network. This is seldom true for a practical PDN, since it contains inductances and capacitances. Because of this, a practical PDN has an uneven impedance versus frequency envelope. Whenever two capacitors with different self resonant frequencies are connected in parallel, their equivalent impedance produces a pole between the self resonant frequencies known as antiresonance peaks. Because of this, a PDN will have phase angles associated with them. Also, these antiresonance peaks are energy reservoirs which will be excited during the normal operation of a processor by the varying currents.
The transient current of a microprocessor is modeled as a gamma function, but for practical cases it can be approximated as triangular waveforms during the transition time which is normally 10% of the time period. Depending upon the micro-operations running inside the processor, the peak value of this waveform varies. This is filtered by the on-chip capacitors, package inductance and package capacitors. Due to power gating, clock gating, IO operations, matrix multiplications and magnetic memory readings the waveforms at the board will be like pulse type, and their widths are determined by these operations. In literatures, these two types of waveforms are used for PDN analysis, depending upon at which point the study is conducted.
Chapter 1 introduces the need for PDN design and the main roles of a PDN. The issue of antiresonance is introduced from a PDN perspective. Different types of capacitors used on a PDN are discussed with their strengths and limitations. The general nature of the switching noise injected by a microprocessor is also discussed. This chapter discusses the thesis contributions, and the existing work related to the field.
Chapter 2 introduces a new method to calculate the target impedance (Zt ) by including the phase angles of a PDN which is based on a maximum voltage calculation. This new Zt equals to conventional Zt for symmetrical triangular switching current waveforms. The value of new Zt is less than the conventional Zt for trapezoidal excitation patterns. By adding the resonance effects into this, a maximum voltage value is obtained in this chapter. The new method includes the maximum voltage produced on a PDN when multiple antiresonance peaks are present. Example simulations are provided for triangular and pulse type excitations. A measured input current wave-form for PIC16F677 microcontroller driving eight IO ports is provided to prove the assumption of pulse type waveforms.
For triangular excitation waveform, the maximum voltage predicted based on the expression was ¡0.6153 V, and the simulated maximum voltage was found to be at ¡0.5412 V which is less than the predicted value. But the predicted value based on Zt method was 1.9845 V. This shows that the conventional as well as the new target impedance method leads to over estimating the maximum voltage in certain cases. This is because most of the harmonics are falling on the minimum impedance values on a PDN. If the PDN envelope is changed by temperature and component tolerances, the maximum voltage can vary. So the best option is to design with the target impedance method. When pulse current excitation was studied for a particular PDN, the maximum voltage produced was -139.39 mV. The target impedance method produced a value of -100.24 mV. The maximum voltage predicted by the equation was -237 mV. So this shows that some times the conventional target impedance method leads to under estimating the PDN voltage. From the studies, it is shown that the time domain analysis is as important as frequency domain analysis. Another important observation is that the antiresonance peaks on a PDN should be damped both in number and peak value.
Chapter 3 studies the antiresonance peak suppression methods for general cases. As discussed earlier, the antiresonance peaks are produced when two capacitors with different self resonant frequencies are connected in parallel. This chapter studies the effect of magnetic coupling between the mounting loops of two capacitors in parallel. The mounting loop area contribute to the parasitic inductance of a capacitor, and it is the major contributing factor to it. Other contributing factors are equivalent series inductance (ESL) and plane spreading inductance. The ESL depends on the size and on how the internal plates of the capacitors are formed. The spreading inductance is the inductance contributed by the parts of the planes connecting the capacitor connector vias to the die connections or to other capacitor vias. If the power and ground planes are closer, the spreading inductance is lower. On one/two layer boards dedicated power/ground planes are absent. So the spreading inductance is replaced by PCB track inductances. The inductance contributed by the mounted area of the capacitor is known as mounting inductance. On one/two layer boards dedicated power/ground planes are absent. So the spreading inductance is replaced by PCB track inductances. The dependencies of various circuit parameters on antiresonance peak are studied using circuit theory. A general condition for damping the antiresonance is formulated. The antiresonance peak reduces with Q factor. The conventional critical condition for antiresonance peak damping needs modification when magnetic coupling is present between the mounting loops of two parallel unequal value capacitors. By varying the connection geometry it is possible to obtain negative and positive coupling coefficients. The connection geometries to obtain these two are shown. An example is shown for positive and negative coupling coefficient cases with simulation and experimental results. For the example discussed, RC Æ 32 - for k Æ Å0.6 and RC Æ 64 - for k Æ ¡0.6, where RC is the critical damping value and k is the magnetic coupling coefficient between the two mounting loops. The reason for this is that, the antiresonance peak impedance value is higher for negative coupling coefficient case than that for positive coupling coefficient case.
Above the self resonant frequencies of both the capacitors, the equivalent impedance of the parallel capacitors become inductive. This case is studied with two equal value capacitors in parallel. It is shown that the equivalent inductance is lower for negative coupling coefficient case as compared to positive coupling coefficient case. An example is provided with simulation and experimental results. In the experimental results, parasitic inductance is observed to be 2.6 times lower for negative coupling coefficient case than that for positive coupling coefficient case. When equal value capacitors are connected in parallel, it is advantageous to use a negative coupling geometry due to this.
Chapter 4 introduces a new method to damp the antiresonance peak using a magnet-ically coupled resistive loop. Reducing the Q factor is an option to suppress the peak. In this new method, the Q factor reduction is achieved by introducing losses by mag-netically coupling a resistive loop. The proposed circuit is analyzed with circuit-theory, and governing equations are obtained. The optimum value of resistance for achieving maximum damping is obtained through analysis. Simulation and experimental results are shown to validate the theory. From the experimental results approximately 247 times reduction in antiresonance peak is observed with the proposed method. Effectiveness of the new method is limited by the magnetic coupling coefficient between the two mounting loops of capacitors. The method can be further improved if the coupling coefficient can be increased at the antiresonance frequency.
Chapter 5 focuses on the third objective of a PDN, that is to reduce the noise injected by the microprocessor. A new method is proposed to reduce the conducted noise from a microprocessor with switched super capacitors. The conventional switched capacitor filters are based on the concept that the flying capacitor switching at high frequency looks like a resistor at low frequency. So for using at audio frequencies the flying capacitors were switching at MHz frequencies. In this chapter the opposite of this scenario is studied; the flying capacitors are the energy storage elements of a switched capacitor converter and they switch at lower frequencies as compared to the noise frequencies.
Two basic circuits (1:1 voltage conversion ratio) providing noise isolation were discussed. They have distinct steady state input current waveforms and are explained with PSPICE simulations. The inrush current through switches are capable of destroying them in a practical implementation. A practical solution was proposed using PMOS-PNP pair. The self introduced switching noise of the converter is lower when switching frequency is low and turn ON-OFF time is higher. If power metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET)s are used, the turn ON and turn OFF are slow. The switching frequency can be lowered based on the voltage drop power loss. The governing equations were formulated and simulated. It is found that the switching frequency can be lowered by increasing the capacitance value without affecting the voltage drop and power loss. From the equations, it is found that the design parameters have a cyclic dependency. Noise can short through the parasitic capacitance of the switches. Two circuits were proposed to improve the noise isolation: 1) T switch 2) ¦ switch. Of these, the ¦ switch has the higher measured transfer impedance. Experimental results showed a noise reduction of (40-20) dB for the conducted frequency range of 150 kHz - 30 MHz with the proposed 1:1 switched capacitor converter. One possible improvement of this method is to combine the noise isolation with an existing switched capacitor converter (SCC) topology. The discussed example had a switching frequency of 700 Hz, and it is shown that this can isolate the switching noise in kHz and MHz regions. In a PDN there are antiresonance peaks in kHz regions. If the proposed circuit is kept close to a microprocessor, it can reduce the excitation currents of these low frequency antiresonance peaks.
Chapter 6 concludes the thesis by stating the major contributions and applications of the concepts introduced in the thesis. This chapter also discusses the future scope of these concepts.
8
Davis, Anto K. "Antiresonance and Noise Suppression Techniques for Digital Power Distribution Networks." Thesis, 2015. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/2005/3967.
Full textAbstract:
Power distribution network (PDN) design was a non-existent entity during the early days of microprocessors due to the low frequency of operation. Once the switching frequencies of the microprocessors started moving towards and beyond MHz regions, the parasitic inductance of the PCB tracks and planes started playing an important role in determining the maximum voltage on a PDN. Voltage regulator module (VRM) sup-plies only the DC power for microprocessors. When the MOSFETs inside a processor switches, it consumes currents during transition time. If this current is not provided, the voltage on the supply rails can go below the specifications of the processor. For lower MHz processors few ceramic-capacitors known as ‘decoupling capacitors’ were connected between power and ground to provide this transient current demand. When the processor frequency increased beyond MHz, the number of capacitors also increased from few numbers to hundreds of them. Nowadays, the PDN is said to be comprising all components from VRM till the die location. It includes VRM, bulk capacitors, PCB power planes, capacitor mounting pads and vias, mount for the electronic package, package capacitors, die mount and internal die capacitance. So, the PDN has evolved into a very complex system over the years.
A PDN should provide three distinct roles; 1) provide transient current required by the processor 2) act as a stable reference voltage for processor 3) filter out the noise currents injected by the processor. The first two are required for the correct operation of the processor. Third one is a requirement from analog or other sensitive circuits connected to the same PDN. If the noise exits the printed circuit board (PCB), it can result in conducted and radiated EMI, which can in turn result in failure of a product in EMC testing.
Every PDN design starts with the calculation of a target impedance which is given as the ratio of maximum allowed ripple voltage to the maximum transient current required by the processor. The transient current is usually taken as half the average input current. The definition of target impedance assumes that the PDN is flat over the entire frequency of operation, which is true only for a resistive network. This is seldom true for a practical PDN, since it contains inductances and capacitances. Because of this, a practical PDN has an uneven impedance versus frequency envelope. Whenever two capacitors with different self resonant frequencies are connected in parallel, their equivalent impedance produces a pole between the self resonant frequencies known as antiresonance peaks. Because of this, a PDN will have phase angles associated with them. Also, these antiresonance peaks are energy reservoirs which will be excited during the normal operation of a processor by the varying currents.
The transient current of a microprocessor is modeled as a gamma function, but for practical cases it can be approximated as triangular waveforms during the transition time which is normally 10% of the time period. Depending upon the micro-operations running inside the processor, the peak value of this waveform varies. This is filtered by the on-chip capacitors, package inductance and package capacitors. Due to power gating, clock gating, IO operations, matrix multiplications and magnetic memory readings the waveforms at the board will be like pulse type, and their widths are determined by these operations. In literatures, these two types of waveforms are used for PDN analysis, depending upon at which point the study is conducted.
Chapter 1 introduces the need for PDN design and the main roles of a PDN. The issue of antiresonance is introduced from a PDN perspective. Different types of capacitors used on a PDN are discussed with their strengths and limitations. The general nature of the switching noise injected by a microprocessor is also discussed. This chapter discusses the thesis contributions, and the existing work related to the field.
Chapter 2 introduces a new method to calculate the target impedance (Zt ) by including the phase angles of a PDN which is based on a maximum voltage calculation. This new Zt equals to conventional Zt for symmetrical triangular switching current waveforms. The value of new Zt is less than the conventional Zt for trapezoidal excitation patterns. By adding the resonance effects into this, a maximum voltage value is obtained in this chapter. The new method includes the maximum voltage produced on a PDN when multiple antiresonance peaks are present. Example simulations are provided for triangular and pulse type excitations. A measured input current wave-form for PIC16F677 microcontroller driving eight IO ports is provided to prove the assumption of pulse type waveforms.
For triangular excitation waveform, the maximum voltage predicted based on the expression was ¡0.6153 V, and the simulated maximum voltage was found to be at ¡0.5412 V which is less than the predicted value. But the predicted value based on Zt method was 1.9845 V. This shows that the conventional as well as the new target impedance method leads to over estimating the maximum voltage in certain cases. This is because most of the harmonics are falling on the minimum impedance values on a PDN. If the PDN envelope is changed by temperature and component tolerances, the maximum voltage can vary. So the best option is to design with the target impedance method. When pulse current excitation was studied for a particular PDN, the maximum voltage produced was -139.39 mV. The target impedance method produced a value of -100.24 mV. The maximum voltage predicted by the equation was -237 mV. So this shows that some times the conventional target impedance method leads to under estimating the PDN voltage. From the studies, it is shown that the time domain analysis is as important as frequency domain analysis. Another important observation is that the antiresonance peaks on a PDN should be damped both in number and peak value.
Chapter 3 studies the antiresonance peak suppression methods for general cases. As discussed earlier, the antiresonance peaks are produced when two capacitors with different self resonant frequencies are connected in parallel. This chapter studies the effect of magnetic coupling between the mounting loops of two capacitors in parallel. The mounting loop area contribute to the parasitic inductance of a capacitor, and it is the major contributing factor to it. Other contributing factors are equivalent series inductance (ESL) and plane spreading inductance. The ESL depends on the size and on how the internal plates of the capacitors are formed. The spreading inductance is the inductance contributed by the parts of the planes connecting the capacitor connector vias to the die connections or to other capacitor vias. If the power and ground planes are closer, the spreading inductance is lower. On one/two layer boards dedicated power/ground planes are absent. So the spreading inductance is replaced by PCB track inductances. The inductance contributed by the mounted area of the capacitor is known as mounting inductance. On one/two layer boards dedicated power/ground planes are absent. So the spreading inductance is replaced by PCB track inductances. The dependencies of various circuit parameters on antiresonance peak are studied using circuit theory. A general condition for damping the antiresonance is formulated. The antiresonance peak reduces with Q factor. The conventional critical condition for antiresonance peak damping needs modification when magnetic coupling is present between the mounting loops of two parallel unequal value capacitors. By varying the connection geometry it is possible to obtain negative and positive coupling coefficients. The connection geometries to obtain these two are shown. An example is shown for positive and negative coupling coefficient cases with simulation and experimental results. For the example discussed, RC Æ 32 - for k Æ Å0.6 and RC Æ 64 - for k Æ ¡0.6, where RC is the critical damping value and k is the magnetic coupling coefficient between the two mounting loops. The reason for this is that, the antiresonance peak impedance value is higher for negative coupling coefficient case than that for positive coupling coefficient case.
Above the self resonant frequencies of both the capacitors, the equivalent impedance of the parallel capacitors become inductive. This case is studied with two equal value capacitors in parallel. It is shown that the equivalent inductance is lower for negative coupling coefficient case as compared to positive coupling coefficient case. An example is provided with simulation and experimental results. In the experimental results, parasitic inductance is observed to be 2.6 times lower for negative coupling coefficient case than that for positive coupling coefficient case. When equal value capacitors are connected in parallel, it is advantageous to use a negative coupling geometry due to this.
Chapter 4 introduces a new method to damp the antiresonance peak using a magnet-ically coupled resistive loop. Reducing the Q factor is an option to suppress the peak. In this new method, the Q factor reduction is achieved by introducing losses by mag-netically coupling a resistive loop. The proposed circuit is analyzed with circuit-theory, and governing equations are obtained. The optimum value of resistance for achieving maximum damping is obtained through analysis. Simulation and experimental results are shown to validate the theory. From the experimental results approximately 247 times reduction in antiresonance peak is observed with the proposed method. Effectiveness of the new method is limited by the magnetic coupling coefficient between the two mounting loops of capacitors. The method can be further improved if the coupling coefficient can be increased at the antiresonance frequency.
Chapter 5 focuses on the third objective of a PDN, that is to reduce the noise injected by the microprocessor. A new method is proposed to reduce the conducted noise from a microprocessor with switched super capacitors. The conventional switched capacitor filters are based on the concept that the flying capacitor switching at high frequency looks like a resistor at low frequency. So for using at audio frequencies the flying capacitors were switching at MHz frequencies. In this chapter the opposite of this scenario is studied; the flying capacitors are the energy storage elements of a switched capacitor converter and they switch at lower frequencies as compared to the noise frequencies.
Two basic circuits (1:1 voltage conversion ratio) providing noise isolation were discussed. They have distinct steady state input current waveforms and are explained with PSPICE simulations. The inrush current through switches are capable of destroying them in a practical implementation. A practical solution was proposed using PMOS-PNP pair. The self introduced switching noise of the converter is lower when switching frequency is low and turn ON-OFF time is higher. If power metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET)s are used, the turn ON and turn OFF are slow. The switching frequency can be lowered based on the voltage drop power loss. The governing equations were formulated and simulated. It is found that the switching frequency can be lowered by increasing the capacitance value without affecting the voltage drop and power loss. From the equations, it is found that the design parameters have a cyclic dependency. Noise can short through the parasitic capacitance of the switches. Two circuits were proposed to improve the noise isolation: 1) T switch 2) ¦ switch. Of these, the ¦ switch has the higher measured transfer impedance. Experimental results showed a noise reduction of (40-20) dB for the conducted frequency range of 150 kHz - 30 MHz with the proposed 1:1 switched capacitor converter. One possible improvement of this method is to combine the noise isolation with an existing switched capacitor converter (SCC) topology. The discussed example had a switching frequency of 700 Hz, and it is shown that this can isolate the switching noise in kHz and MHz regions. In a PDN there are antiresonance peaks in kHz regions. If the proposed circuit is kept close to a microprocessor, it can reduce the excitation currents of these low frequency antiresonance peaks.
Chapter 6 concludes the thesis by stating the major contributions and applications of the concepts introduced in the thesis. This chapter also discusses the future scope of these concepts.
Books on the topic "PEADS Network"
1
Oshiyama, Atsushi, and Susumu Okada. Roles of shape and space in electronic properties of carbon nanomaterials. Edited by A. V. Narlikar and Y. Y. Fu. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199533053.013.3.
Full textAbstract:
This article examines how internal space and boundary shapes affect the electronic properties of carbon nanomaterials by conducting total-energy electronic-structure calculations based on the density-functional theory. It first considers the existence of nanospace in carbon peapods before discussing boundaries in planar and tubular nanostructures. It also describes double-walled nanotubes, defects in carbon nanotubes, and hybrid structures of carbon nanotubes. Finally, it discusses the magnetic properties of zigzag-edged graphene ribbons and carbon nanotubes as well as the essential role of the edge state. The article shows that both space and peas (fullerenes) are decisive in electronic properties. In carbon peapods, nearly free-electron states occurring in the internal space hybridize with carbon orbitals and then make the peapod a new multicarrier system. The edge state belongs to a new class of electron states that is inherent to zigzag borders in hexagonally bonded networks.
2
Snauffer, Douglas M. Prime Time Soap Operas. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216001171.
Full textAbstract:
Prime time soaps are often revered long after their runs on television have ended, as Dallas, Twin Peaks, and Beverly Hills 90210 readily demonstrate. Due to their profound impact, it's easy to forget how recently the genre itself was born. Dallas premiered in 1978, and was originally intended to air solely as a five-part mini-series. Then, in 1981, producer Aaron Spelling stepped in and introduced his own ultra-glitzy entry Dynasty. Between these two mega-hits, the era of the nighttime soap was born. Soaps soon spun off into non-traditional avenues as well, in sitcoms like Filthy Rich and the supernatural drama Twin Peaks. Then, with the arrival of the more youth-oriented Fox Network, producers were able to hook an entirely new generation on programs such as Beverly Hills, 90210, Melrose Place, and Party of Five. Pay-cable channels have also stepped into the picture and now act as trendsetters with hits like Sex and the City, Six Feet Under, The Sopranos, and The L Word. Now, from the spiritually themed 7th Heaven to the naughty neighbors of ABC's Desperate Housewives, soaps dominate prime time. Prime Time Soaps covers all the major shows within the soap-opera genre, and also investigates all the ways that soaps have contributed to the development of more general television trends. Interviews with producers, actors, and other artistic collaborators also supplement this revealing and entertaining account. Even outside of their genre, these shows continue to influence current programming. Few series on TV today are purely episodic, instead containing on-going storylines involving the personal dilemmas of their characters. Another very recognizable contribution from soaps occurred on the evening of March 21, 1980, when Dallas finished out its third year with J.R. Ewing being shot by an unknown assailant, leaving fans to wait until the fall for the resolution. This was the beginning of the cliffhanger endings that are now implemented by just about every series on television. Prime Time Soaps covers all the major shows, and also investigates all the ways that soaps have contributed to the development of more general television trends. Interviews with producers, actors, and other artistic collaborators supplement this revealing and entertaining account.
Book chapters on the topic "PEADS Network"
1
Cheng, Caroline, and Savis Gohari. "Exploring Multilevel Governance Networks in Deployment of Positive Energy Districts: Case of Salzburg." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-69626-8_99.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractPositive Energy Districts (PEDs) represent innovative place-based strategic approaches aimed at advancing our climate goals within the built environment. PEDs are increasingly recognized as a vital component in the journey toward achieving climate neutrality and fostering smart cities. Success in deploying PEDs necessitates holistic consideration of political, social, environmental, procedural, economic, technological, and contextual factors, involving shifting constellations of stakeholders. Achieving human-centric PEDs requires a transdisciplinary collaboration and a cocreation approach, bridging gaps between the public sector, business sector, research and technology sector, and end users. Many emerging studies have recognized that the main challenge of deploying PEDs pertains to silo thinking and suboptimal governance systems. This exploratory chapter aims to delve into the governance structures and functions in the deployment of a PED project. The chapter adopts a single-case study approach focused on a Sustainable Plus Energy Neighborhood (SPEN) in the specific context of Salzburg, Austria. Our objective is to map the structure of the governance network and their interactions for knowledge and resource exchange in the deployment of PEDs. Our findings challenge the adequacy of both total rational planning and incremental planning approaches in addressing the complexities inherent in neighborhood-scale projects like GNICE SPEN in Salzburg. Our study underscores the importance of recognizing the limitations of traditional planning paradigms and advocating for more adaptive and inclusive approaches to governance. The contribution of this chapter is to refine the structural-functionalism model for empirical investigations of governance models, particularly in the context of PEDs.
2
Romano, Rosa, Maria Beatrice Andreucci, and Emanuela Giancola. "Towards Climate Neutrality: Progressing Key Actions for Positive Energy Districts Implementation." In The Urban Book Series. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-29515-7_44.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractPositive Energy Districts (PEDs) represent an emerging urban transition paradigm, an advanced framework to effectively attain decarbonization targets, as well as a holistic approach to foster more resilient and livable cities. However, implementing PEDs is challenging, demanding substantial planning, design, and operations changes. Mainstreaming PEDs calls for innovative legal, institutional, business, and organizational frameworks, as well as an active involvement of the main actors (i.e., cities, municipalities, communities, investors, industry players, and service providers), to co-design and jointly progress ambitious agendas, multiscale plans, flexible instruments, and adaptive structures. Benefitting from the authors’ cooperation within the Horizon 2020 project, Cooperation in Science and Technology COST Action ‘Positive Energy Districts European Network’ (PED-EU-NET in PED-EU-NET | COST ACTION CA19126, 2020), the proposed contribution addresses relevant issues and opportunities characterizing the development of PEDs in Europe, relating attention to effective implementation, context-specificity, replicability, and upscaling. Among the results achieved in the first year of the COST research activities, the authors present an understanding of the PEDs policy landscape in Europe, and a catalogue of the key lessons learned from PEDs in progress. In detail, some comprehensive and interrelated aspects (stakeholder-oriented strategies and technological and system innovation) that have emerged towards enabling conditions for upscaling PEDs structure are analyzed. Through the investigation of existing framework conditions, barriers, and enablers of piloting projects, as well as emerging impacts at international level, the authors provide original insights, and formulate key recommendations for take-up and advancement towards climate neutrality, making a timely and original input to enhanced scholarly understanding of PEDs.
3
Krishnagopal, Sanjukta. "Success at High Peaks: A Multiscale Approach Combining Individual and Expedition-Wide Factors." In Complex Networks & Their Applications X. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93409-5_55.
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4
Ngan, Mei Shan, and Chee Wei Tan. "Photovoltaic Multiple Peaks Power Tracking Using Particle Swarm Optimization with Artificial Neural Network Algorithm." In Advances in Solar Photovoltaic Power Plants. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-50521-2_5.
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5
Zhongzhi, Han. "Study on Defect Extraction of Pears with Rich Spots and Neural Network Grading Method." In Computer Vision-Based Agriculture Engineering. CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429289460-18.
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Stubbemann, Maximilian, and Gerd Stumme. "The Mont Blanc of Twitter: Identifying Hierarchies of Outstanding Peaks in Social Networks." In Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases: Research Track. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-43418-1_11.
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Arias, L. A., F. Rico, R. Gonzalez, and R. Gomez. "Management Model for the Reduction of Particulate Matter Emission Peaks Supported by Sensor Networks and Energy Resources of Electric Vehicles." In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-5035-1_20.
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Alias, Cyril, Jonas Zum Felde, and Sven Severin. "Examining the Logistics Performance of a Decentralized Waterborne Container Transportation Service in the West German Canal Network with the Help of Discrete-Event Simulation." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6138-0_120.
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AbstractIn order to alleviate road traffic congestion, a logistics concept based on small inland vessels in the West German canal network has been developed for the distribution of containers. The service concept rests on multiple transshipment points throughout the considered geographic area as potential origins and destinations of transport legs. After safeguarding the technical feasibility, the resulting service concept needs to be examined in order to assess its economic viability. Only with promising outcomes resulting from this assessment can potential operators be convinced to transfer the concept into reality, set up the decentralized waterborne container transportation service, and deploy actual inland vessels to be operated in the German waterways. Discrete-event simulation has established itself as an important analysis method in logistics and is suitable for the examination of logistics systems at an operational and tactical level. In the present setting, various scenarios have been selected as the most promising ones and simulated with appropriate models. Eventually, DES will help to determine the routes to be operated, the ports and transshipment points to be included in the respective routes, the vessels to be used, including their type and number, the manning regulation of the inland vessels to be selected, and the transshipment concept to be pursued. Ultimately, the logistics simulation reveals which scenarios turn out to be the most and least promising ones and allows overall statements on the expectable profitability of the service. Furthermore, it helps to identify utilization peaks of the examined inland vessels and transshipment points.
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Sedrique, Zoyem Tedonfack, and Julius Tata Nfor. "Rainfall Variability and Quantity of Water Supply in Bamenda I, Northwest Region of Cameroon." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_139.
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AbstractBamenda I municipality found in the humid tropic is endowed with a dense hydrological network which makes it a water catchment for the entire region. Paradoxically, the region still suffers problems of water shortage. This is due to the spatial and temporal variability in rainfall that greatly affects water supply through its impacts on surface and groundwater. For this reason, we came up with the research topic “Rainfall variability and quantity of water supply in Bamenda 1, Northwest Region of Cameroon.” The objective of this study is to examine the manifestations of rainfall variability, and how it affects quantity of water supply in the humid tropics. Rainfall data use for this study comprised of annual, monthly, and daily rainfall over a period of 55 years. Water supply data was made of monthly and annual supply. With these data, a Pearson’s correlation was computed, and it gave a value of 0.701, with a rainfall proportion of 49.14% and 50.86% for other factors. The seasonality and the Standardized Precipitation Index were equally analyzed. At the end of the study, results showed that rainfall events in Bamenda I fluctuates with time and in space. It equally presented a reduction in the number of rainy days from 204 days in 1663 to 155 in 2018. This led to a reduction in length of rainy season and in rainfall amounts. In addition, the area has witnessed sedimentation of riverbeds and water reservoirs due to erosion and deposition during high rainfall peaks. Equally, floods observed during high rainfall episodes have become a potential threat to water infrastructures imposing exceptional water shortages during the rainy seasons. Due to these, actors in the water supply sector are putting in measures to remedy the situation.
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Verevis, Constantine. "The W/hole David Lynch: Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me." In Networked David Lynch. Edinburgh University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474497060.003.0005.
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This chapter appeals to the w/hole David Lynch – his open set of films and artworks – to argue that those who initially objected to Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me (1992) thought that the part (the prequel film) would close out the set (the first and second seasons of the television series) when in actuality it worked only to extend the mystery. If Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me frustrated its initial audience – especially its Twin Peaks fan base – then this might be because the experience of (serial) repetition is displaced from a closed set or sequence of texts – the connection and continuation of a film prequel and television series – to an open w/hole. In a move away from a holistic (totalising) understanding of sequelisation, one that aligns direct intentionality with an industrial practice that fulfils the promise of another episode, this chapter argues that Lynch constructed his prequel, Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me, through a systematic rewriting akin to that of a secret remake: the logic of a ruinous prequel.
Conference papers on the topic "PEADS Network"
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Rajkumar, S., R. Gopalakrishnan, T. S. Shreeraksha, S. Dhanaraj, and V. Kabiyashwanth. "Sampling-Based Density Peaks Clustering for Energy-Aware Industrial IoT Networks." In 2025 IEEE International Students' Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Science (SCEECS). IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/sceecs64059.2025.10940147.
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Crockett, Keeley, Edwin Colyer, Lauren Coulman, Caitlin Nunn, and Sarah Linn. "PEAs in PODs: Co-Production of Community Based Public Engagement for Data and AI Research." In 2024 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn60899.2024.10650039.
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Klassen, R. D., and P. R. Roberge. "Preprocessing Requirements for the Analysis of Electrochemical Noise Data in the Time Domain." In CORROSION 2005. NACE International, 2005. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2005-05353.
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Abstract The characteristics of transients or peaks in electrochemical noise (EN) data were assessed by inspection from two systems. One was UNS G10100 in Ca(OH)2/NaCl solution and the other was a magnesium alloy (ZA1040) in Mg(OH)2/NaCl solution. Each system exhibited a variety of both sharp and broad peaks. Directly measured quantities include the location in the time record, the current and potential amplitudes, the area under each peak (as coulombs) and the direction (maximum or minimum). The frequencies of transients are readily assessed given their location in the time record. Inferred quantities include the polarization resistance of the responding electrode and the nature of the transient (anodic or cathodic). Progress for computer-based techniques for reliably finding transients within a set of EN data is described. One promising approach is that locations in the time record where the current derivative crosses zero correlates with the apex of simple rounded peaks. However, this is not true of broad or noisy peaks. A promising approach is to apply data smoothing to round broad or “noisy” peaks and permit the derivative to identify the apex. This pre-processing of EN data may enable artificial neural networks to accurately locate peaks. This work also suggested that the sampling frequency influences the number and type of transients detected and thus should be tuned to each particular system. It also suggested that consideration be given to the experimental arrangement to ensure that the current and potential are correlated during transients.
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Yang, Haozheng. "Density peaks clustering: a gentle comparison." In International Conference on Algorithms, Microchips, and Network Applications, edited by Fengjie Cen and Ning Sun. SPIE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2636665.
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Alutto, Martina, Leonardo Cianfanelli, Giacomo Como, and Fabio Fagnani. "Multiple peaks in network SIR epidemic models." In 2022 IEEE 61st Conference on Decision and Control (CDC). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cdc51059.2022.9992408.
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Miranda, Javier, Antonio Baeza, Javier Guillén, and Rosa Ma Pérez Utrero. "Fitting Multiple Alpha Peaks Using Neural Network Techniques." In 2009 Ninth International Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and Applications. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isda.2009.144.
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Milivojevic, Milan S., Ana Gavrovska, and Irini Reljin. "Biometric Clustering of ECG using Wave Peaks." In 2018 14th Symposium on Neural Networks and Applications (NEUREL). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/neurel.2018.8587016.
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Schalm, Olivier, and Werner Jacobs. "Integrating continuous pollutant measurements with time-lapse photography to evaluate inland vessel surroundings' influence on wheelhouse indoor air quality." In Maritime Transport Conference. Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Iniciativa Digital Politècnica, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/mt.13188.
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The indoor air quality in the wheelhouse of an inland tanker was assessed through monitoring campaigns. The continuous-time measurements gathered data on NO2, O3, NO, CO, total volatile organic compounds (TVOC), and particulate matter (PM2.5). The time series exhibited irregular concentration profiles characterized by narrow and broader peaks atop a gradually fluctuating baseline. These peaks denote sudden environmental changes, occurring within specific time frames and locations, indicating moments of poorer indoor air quality. The synchrony between peaks of different pollutants suggests that many of the narrow pollution peaks originate from exhaust emissions. Previous research has indicated that exhaust gas in outdoor air could infiltrate the wheelhouse via the ventilation system. However, multiple factors within the ship's vicinity (e.g., nearby industries, specific manoeuvres, or passing vessels) could also contribute to the occurrence of pollution peaks in the wheelhouse. To explore the synchrony between pollution peaks in the wheelhouse and events in the surroundings of the ship, a time-lapse camera capturing time-stamped images of the ship's front view has been installed. Analysis of these images in conjunction with the simultaneous occurrence of pollution peaks as observed in time series indicates the existence of multiple pollution sources influencing the indoor air quality in the wheelhouse. The various sources of pollution form an interlinked network of hazards that collectively influence indoor air quality. Each source has the potential to induce changes within this network and can, to a certain extent, affect other hazards. Furthermore, non-polluting elements within this network also contribute significantly to the variable behaviour of the network. For example, crew decisions regarding navigation and manoeuvers play affect the dynamics of this network.
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Lu, X. Lucas, Bo Huo, Andrew D. Baik, and X. Edward Guo. "Calcium Signaling in Bone Cell Networks Induced by Fluid Flow." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206043.
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Mechanical stimuli such as fluid flow can induce robust multiple intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) peaks in connected bone cell networks [1]. This fluid flow induced oscillation of [Ca2+]i can come from two sources: intracellular Ca2+ stores (e.g., endoplasmic reticulum, ER) and the extracellular environment. Moreover, [Ca2+]i signaling is mediated by various molecular pathways, such as IP3, ATP, PGE2, and NO. Osteocytes are believed to comprise a sensory network in bone tissue that monitors in vivo mechanical loading and triggers appropriate adaptive responses from osteoblasts and osteoclasts [2]. It is also well recognized that osteoblasts, the cells responsible for bone formation, can directly sense and respond to mechanical stimulation (e.g., fluid flow). In the present study, two types of cell networks were constructed in vitro with osteocyte-like and osteoblast-like cells, respectively, by using microcontact printing and self assembled monolayer (SAM) technologies. The calcium responses of the two types of cell networks to fluid flow were recorded, quantitatively analyzed, and compared. Then we examined how the [Ca2+]i response in the osteocyte cell network was influenced by gap junctions, intra/extracellular calcium sources, and other various molecular pathways.
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Ahlawat, Meenu, Amirhossein Tehranchi, Krishnamoorthy Pandiyan, Myoungsik Cha, and Raman Kashyap. "Tunable Wavelength Broadcasting in a PPLN with Multiple QPM Peaks." In Access Networks and In-house Communications. OSA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/anic.2012.jtu5a.37.
Full textReports on the topic "PEADS Network"
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Norris, Jodi, and Christopher Calvo. Trends in satellite-derived phenology in grasslands and shrublands of Southern Colorado Plateau Network parks. National Park Service, 2025. https://doi.org/10.36967/2312720.
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Purpose: The Southern Colorado Plateau Network (SCPN) used satellite-derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data over a 20-year period (2003–2022) to examine trends and patterns of variability in 12 grassland and shrubland study areas within SCPN park units. Methods: SCPN developed daily NDVI records for each study area, from which analyses and visualizations were derived. Raster graphs were created to facilitate data interpretation. Trends were calculated for each ranked day of the spring and monsoon seasons: For each study area, season, and year, each day was ranked from the highest NDVI value to the lowest. Total NDVI change was then estimated for the spring and monsoon season NDVI peaks (day-rank = 1) as well as all other non-peak day ranks for each season. The same analyses were also applied to subsets of pixels corresponding to more productive and less productive pixels within each study area. Results: The study areas had many “likely” trends in NDVI for ranked-daily values, with a smaller number of “very likely” and “highly likely” trends. Monsoon season trends were consistently negative or neutral for more northerly parks—Aztec Ruins National Monument (NM), Chaco Culture National Historical Park (NHP), and Glen Canyon National Recreation Area (NRA); and consistently positive or neutral for more southerly parks—Petrified Forest National Park (NP), Petroglyph NM, and Wupatki NM. Spring season trends varied spatially and included both positive and negative trends. Aztec Ruins NM and Glen Canyon NRA exhibited consistently negative or neutral trends for both seasons. Raster graphs revealed patterns including the variability in timing and intensity of seasonal greenness peaks and multi-year patterns. The raster graphs and associated data release can be used to evaluate the potential for the phenological patterns to correlate with on-the-ground conditions for wildlife resources that depend on vegetation. These data may also be used to parameterize models that relate climate to vegetation condition. Multi-year consecutive seasons of below-average NDVI were found in some records: At Wupatki NM, low NDVI from spring 2017 to spring 2021 corresponded in time with a widespread juniper dieback in 2021 in the adjacent pinyon-juniper woodlands of the area. Consecutive seasons of low NDVI also occurred in Petroglyph NM from 2008 to 2013 and at Aztec Ruins NM from 2020 to 2022. These records show the potential to link plant community stress to disturbance response thresholds, which is a subject of ongoing SCPN research.
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Arhin, Stephen, Babin Manandhar, Hamdiat Baba Adam, and Adam Gatiba. Predicting Bus Travel Times in Washington, DC Using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). Mineta Transportation Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1943.
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Washington, DC is ranked second among cities in terms of highest public transit commuters in the United States, with approximately 9% of the working population using the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA) Metrobuses to commute. Deducing accurate travel times of these metrobuses is an important task for transit authorities to provide reliable service to its patrons. This study, using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), developed prediction models for transit buses to assist decision-makers to improve service quality and patronage. For this study, we used six months of Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) and Automatic Passenger Counting (APC) data for six Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA) bus routes operating in Washington, DC. We developed regression models and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models for predicting travel times of buses for different peak periods (AM, Mid-Day and PM). Our analysis included variables such as number of served bus stops, length of route between bus stops, average number of passengers in the bus, average dwell time of buses, and number of intersections between bus stops. We obtained ANN models for travel times by using approximation technique incorporating two separate algorithms: Quasi-Newton and Levenberg-Marquardt. The training strategy for neural network models involved feed forward and errorback processes that minimized the generated errors. We also evaluated the models with a Comparison of the Normalized Squared Errors (NSE). From the results, we observed that the travel times of buses and the dwell times at bus stops generally increased over time of the day. We gathered travel time equations for buses for the AM, Mid-Day and PM Peaks. The lowest NSE for the AM, Mid-Day and PM Peak periods corresponded to training processes using Quasi-Newton algorithm, which had 3, 2 and 5 perceptron layers, respectively. These prediction models could be adapted by transit agencies to provide the patrons with accurate travel time information at bus stops or online.
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Pradeep Kumar, Kaavya. Reporting in a Warming World: A Media Review. Indian Institute for Human Settlements, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24943/rwwmr08.2021.
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The media plays a critical role in terms of shaping public perceptions, but they have a task on their hands in terms of effectively communicating a subject as vast and complex as climate change. India is among the countries most affected and yet reporting on the subject has been episodic, with peaks around the time of climate summits and in the immediate aftermath of disasters such as cyclones, heatwaves and extreme rainfall events. Through a media review, undertaken as part of the Earth Journalism Network Asia-Pacific Media Grant, we sought to understand patterns of representation in news coverage about urban drought and extreme weather events – predicted to occur more frequently and intensely in a warming world. This report details the methodology we followed, our findings and analyses them in the context of other work done as part of the evolving field of climate change communication.
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Galili, Naftali, Roger P. Rohrbach, Itzhak Shmulevich, Yoram Fuchs, and Giora Zauberman. Non-Destructive Quality Sensing of High-Value Agricultural Commodities Through Response Analysis. United States Department of Agriculture, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7570549.bard.
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The objectives of this project were to develop nondestructive methods for detection of internal properties and firmness of fruits and vegetables. One method was based on a soft piezoelectric film transducer developed in the Technion, for analysis of fruit response to low-energy excitation. The second method was a dot-matrix piezoelectric transducer of North Carolina State University, developed for contact-pressure analysis of fruit during impact. Two research teams, one in Israel and the other in North Carolina, coordinated their research effort according to the specific objectives of the project, to develop and apply the two complementary methods for quality control of agricultural commodities. In Israel: An improved firmness testing system was developed and tested with tropical fruits. The new system included an instrumented fruit-bed of three flexible piezoelectric sensors and miniature electromagnetic hammers, which served as fruit support and low-energy excitation device, respectively. Resonant frequencies were detected for determination of firmness index. Two new acoustic parameters were developed for evaluation of fruit firmness and maturity: a dumping-ratio and a centeroid of the frequency response. Experiments were performed with avocado and mango fruits. The internal damping ratio, which may indicate fruit ripeness, increased monotonically with time, while resonant frequencies and firmness indices decreased with time. Fruit samples were tested daily by destructive penetration test. A fairy high correlation was found in tropical fruits between the penetration force and the new acoustic parameters; a lower correlation was found between this parameter and the conventional firmness index. Improved table-top firmness testing units, Firmalon, with data-logging system and on-line data analysis capacity have been built. The new device was used for the full-scale experiments in the next two years, ahead of the original program and BARD timetable. Close cooperation was initiated with local industry for development of both off-line and on-line sorting and quality control of more agricultural commodities. Firmalon units were produced and operated in major packaging houses in Israel, Belgium and Washington State, on mango and avocado, apples, pears, tomatoes, melons and some other fruits, to gain field experience with the new method. The accumulated experimental data from all these activities is still analyzed, to improve firmness sorting criteria and shelf-life predicting curves for the different fruits. The test program in commercial CA storage facilities in Washington State included seven apple varieties: Fuji, Braeburn, Gala, Granny Smith, Jonagold, Red Delicious, Golden Delicious, and D'Anjou pear variety. FI master-curves could be developed for the Braeburn, Gala, Granny Smith and Jonagold apples. These fruits showed a steady ripening process during the test period. Yet, more work should be conducted to reduce scattering of the data and to determine the confidence limits of the method. Nearly constant FI in Red Delicious and the fluctuations of FI in the Fuji apples should be re-examined. Three sets of experiment were performed with Flandria tomatoes. Despite the complex structure of the tomatoes, the acoustic method could be used for firmness evaluation and to follow the ripening evolution with time. Close agreement was achieved between the auction expert evaluation and that of the nondestructive acoustic test, where firmness index of 4.0 and more indicated grade-A tomatoes. More work is performed to refine the sorting algorithm and to develop a general ripening scale for automatic grading of tomatoes for the fresh fruit market. Galia melons were tested in Israel, in simulated export conditions. It was concluded that the Firmalon is capable of detecting the ripening of melons nondestructively, and sorted out the defective fruits from the export shipment. The cooperation with local industry resulted in development of automatic on-line prototype of the acoustic sensor, that may be incorporated with the export quality control system for melons. More interesting is the development of the remote firmness sensing method for sealed CA cool-rooms, where most of the full-year fruit yield in stored for off-season consumption. Hundreds of ripening monitor systems have been installed in major fruit storage facilities, and being evaluated now by the consumers. If successful, the new method may cause a major change in long-term fruit storage technology. More uses of the acoustic test method have been considered, for monitoring fruit maturity and harvest time, testing fruit samples or each individual fruit when entering the storage facilities, packaging house and auction, and in the supermarket. This approach may result in a full line of equipment for nondestructive quality control of fruits and vegetables, from the orchard or the greenhouse, through the entire sorting, grading and storage process, up to the consumer table. The developed technology offers a tool to determine the maturity of the fruits nondestructively by monitoring their acoustic response to mechanical impulse on the tree. A special device was built and preliminary tested in mango fruit. More development is needed to develop a portable, hand operated sensing method for this purpose. In North Carolina: Analysis method based on an Auto-Regressive (AR) model was developed for detecting the first resonance of fruit from their response to mechanical impulse. The algorithm included a routine that detects the first resonant frequency from as many sensors as possible. Experiments on Red Delicious apples were performed and their firmness was determined. The AR method allowed the detection of the first resonance. The method could be fast enough to be utilized in a real time sorting machine. Yet, further study is needed to look for improvement of the search algorithm of the methods. An impact contact-pressure measurement system and Neural Network (NN) identification method were developed to investigate the relationships between surface pressure distributions on selected fruits and their respective internal textural qualities. A piezoelectric dot-matrix pressure transducer was developed for the purpose of acquiring time-sampled pressure profiles during impact. The acquired data was transferred into a personal computer and accurate visualization of animated data were presented. Preliminary test with 10 apples has been performed. Measurement were made by the contact-pressure transducer in two different positions. Complementary measurements were made on the same apples by using the Firmalon and Magness Taylor (MT) testers. Three-layer neural network was designed. 2/3 of the contact-pressure data were used as training input data and corresponding MT data as training target data. The remaining data were used as NN checking data. Six samples randomly chosen from the ten measured samples and their corresponding Firmalon values were used as the NN training and target data, respectively. The remaining four samples' data were input to the NN. The NN results consistent with the Firmness Tester values. So, if more training data would be obtained, the output should be more accurate. In addition, the Firmness Tester values do not consistent with MT firmness tester values. The NN method developed in this study appears to be a useful tool to emulate the MT Firmness test results without destroying the apple samples. To get more accurate estimation of MT firmness a much larger training data set is required. When the larger sensitive area of the pressure sensor being developed in this project becomes available, the entire contact 'shape' will provide additional information and the neural network results would be more accurate. It has been shown that the impact information can be utilized in the determination of internal quality factors of fruit. Until now,