Relevant bibliographies by topics / Peak shaving

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Peak shaving'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Peak shaving"

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Ohn, Sungmin, Jung-Su Kim, Hwachang Song, and Byunghoon Chang. "Fuzzy LP Based Power Network Peak Shaving Algorithm." Journal of Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems 22, no. 6 (December 25, 2012): 754–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5391/jkiis.2012.22.6.754.

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Rana, Md Masud, Mohamed Atef, Md Rasel Sarkar, Moslem Uddin, and GM Shafiullah. "A Review on Peak Load Shaving in Microgrid—Potential Benefits, Challenges, and Future Trend." Energies 15, no. 6 (March 21, 2022): 2278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15062278.

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This study aims to review the potential benefits of peak load shaving in a microgrid system. The relevance of peak shaving for a microgrid system is presented in this research review at the outset to justify the peak load shaving efficacy. The prospective benefits of peak shaving in microgrid systems, including technological, economic, and environmental advantages, are thoroughly examined. This review study also presents a cost–benefit numerical analysis to illustrate the economic viability of peak load shaving for a microgrid system. Different peak shaving approaches are briefly discussed, as well as the obstacles of putting them into practice. Finally, this review study reveals some potential future trends and possible directions for peak shaving research in microgrid systems. This review paper lays a strong foundation for identifying the potential benefits of peak shaving in microgrid systems and establishing suitable projects for practical effectuation.
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Cheng, Xianliang, Suzhen Feng, Yanxuan Huang, and Jinwen Wang. "A New Peak-Shaving Model Based on Mixed Integer Linear Programming with Variable Peak-Shaving Order." Energies 14, no. 4 (February 8, 2021): 887. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14040887.

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Peak-shaving is a very efficient and practical strategy for a day-ahead hydropower scheduling in power systems, usually aiming to appropriately schedule hourly (or in less time interval) power generations of individual plants so as to smooth the load curve while enforcing the energy production target of each plant. Nowadays, the power marketization and booming development of renewable energy resources are complicating the constraints and diversifying the objectives, bringing challenges for the peak-shaving method to be more flexible and efficient. Without a pre-set or fixed peak-shaving order of plants, this paper formulates a new peak-shaving model based on the mixed integer linear programming (MILP) to solve the scheduling problem in an optimization way. Compared with the traditional peak-shaving methods that need to determine the order of plants to peak-shave the load curve one by one, the present model has better flexibility as it can handle the plant-based operating zones and prioritize the constraints and objectives more easily. With application to six cascaded hydropower reservoirs on the Lancang River in China, the model is tested efficient and practical in engineering perspective.
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Zhu, Lingkai, Qian Wang, Ziwei Zhong, Yue Han, Zhiqiang Gong, Wei Zheng, Panfeng Shang, and Junshan Guo. "Study on an on-line monitoring method for peak shaving capacity of thermal power unit." E3S Web of Conferences 358 (2022): 02055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202235802055.

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Relying solely on pure condensing units can not meet the demand for power grid peak shaving, and thermoelectric units must also participate in peak shaving. In view of the dynamic change of peak shaving capacity of thermoelectric units with steam extraction, an on-line monitoring method of thermoelectric units is proposed in this paper. The upper and lower limits of peak shaving capacity of thermoelectric units under different steam extraction are calculated in real time, and the peak shaving capacity of thermoelectric units is evaluated on-line, so as to provide data support for scientific dispatching of power grid.
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Li, Hongwei, Qing Xu, Shitao Wang, and Huihui Song. "Peak Shaving Methods of Distributed Generation Clusters Using Dynamic Evaluation and Self-Renewal Mechanism." Energies 15, no. 19 (September 25, 2022): 7036. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15197036.

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As one of the power auxiliary services, peak shaving is the key problem to be solved in the power grid. With the rapid development of DGs, the traditional peak shaving scheduling method for centralized adjustable energy is no longer applicable. Thus, this paper proposes two-layer optimization methods of allocating the peak shaving task for DGs. Layer 1 mainly proposes four evaluation indexes and the peak shaving priority sequence can be obtained with modified TOPSIS, then the DG cluster’s task is allocated to the corresponding DGs. On the basis of dynamic evaluation and the self-renewal mechanism, layer 2 proposes a peak shaving optimization model with dynamic constraints which assigns peak shaving instructions to each cluster. Finally, the effectiveness of the method is verified by using the real DGs data of a regional power grid in China based on the MATLAB simulation platform. The results demonstrate that the proposed methods can simply the calculation complexity by ranking the DGs in the peak shaving task and update the reliable aggregate adjustable power of each cluster in time to allocate more reasonably.
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Lin, Li, Bingqian Xu, and Shiwei Xia. "Multi-Angle Economic Analysis of Coal-Fired Units with Plasma Ignition and Oil Injection during Deep Peak Shaving in China." Applied Sciences 9, no. 24 (December 10, 2019): 5399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9245399.

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What China committed in the Paris Agreement encourages the penetration of renewable energy in power grid. To consume more renewable energy, coal-fired units undertake the most part of peak shaving task and are usually operated at a low-load level during off-peak hours. However, deep peak shaving has harmed the benefits of thermal power plants and also brought about environmental problems. To improve the peak-shaving capacity and operation efficiency of coal-fired units, the government encourages the flexibility retrofits for coal-fired units. In this paper, peak-shaving related cost functions are proposed for the multi-angle economic analysis of coal-fired unit with plasma ignition (UPI) and oil injection (UOI), respectively. First, the operation characteristic is analyzed for three stages of peak shaving, and then the peak-shaving costs related to these three stages are proposed in terms of the coal consumption cost, wear-and-tear cost, combustion-supporting cost, and environmental cost. Afterwards, a peak-shaving cost-based economic dispatch model is presented with consideration of the curtailed wind penalty, and an environmental efficiency index is defined to evaluate the environmental benefits. Finally, in the case study, quantitative economy analysis is performed from the aspects of thermal power plants, wind power plants, and the environment separately, and the simulation results indicate that UPI has better peak-shaving economy and environmental efficiency than UOI.
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Liu, Daobing, Zitong Jin, Huayue Chen, Hongji Cao, Ye Yuan, Yu Fan, and Yingjie Song. "Peak Shaving and Frequency Regulation Coordinated Output Optimization Based on Improving Economy of Energy Storage." Electronics 11, no. 1 (December 22, 2021): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11010029.

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In this paper, a peak shaving and frequency regulation coordinated output strategy based on the existing energy storage is proposed to improve the economic problem of energy storage development and increase the economic benefits of energy storage in industrial parks. In the proposed strategy, the profit and cost models of peak shaving and frequency regulation are first established. Second, the benefits brought by the output of energy storage, degradation cost and operation and maintenance costs are considered to establish an economic optimization model, which is used to realize the division of peak shaving and frequency regulation capacity of energy storage based on peak shaving and frequency regulation output optimization. Finally, the intra-day model predictive control method is employed for rolling optimization. An intra-day peak shaving and frequency regulation coordinated output optimization strategy of energy storage is proposed. Through the example simulation, the experiment results show that the electricity cost of the whole day is reduced by 10.96% by using the coordinated output strategy of peak shaving and frequency regulation. The obtained further comparative analysis results and the life cycle economic analysis show that the profit brought by the proposed coordinated output optimization strategy is greater than that for separate peak shaving or frequency modulation of energy storage under the same capacity.
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Liu, Dunnan, Mengjiao Zou, Yue Zhang, Lingxiang Wang, Tingting Zhang, and Mingguang Liu. "Market clearing price forecast for power peak shaving auxiliary service." E3S Web of Conferences 237 (2021): 02007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123702007.

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The use of new energy to generate electricity in the power system and the large-scale increase of new energy grid connection has led to increasingly insufficient power system regulation, in order to solve this problem, the peak shaving auxiliary service market came into being.This article comprehensively analyzes the factors those affect the market clearing price of power peak shaving auxiliary services: The macro factors include energy economic policies (renewable energy and electric energy substitution), technological innovation, market operation rules, etc., and the micro factors include the quotation and demand of thermal power plants and wind power generation.The power peak shaving auxiliary service market is an important part of the power market. Its appearance makes the grid operation safer and more reliable, and the reasonable fluctuation of clearing prices and total market costs reflects the market’s sensitivity to peak shaving resource demand.This paper uses the BP neural network model to select 31 consecutive days of peak shaving auxiliary service clearing price data in North China for prediction.
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Liu, Qi, Jie Zhao, Youguo Shao, Libin Wen, Jianxu Wu, Dichen Liu, and Yuhui Ma. "Multi-Power Joint Peak-Shaving Optimization for Power System Considering Coordinated Dispatching of Nuclear Power and Wind Power." Sustainability 11, no. 17 (September 3, 2019): 4801. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11174801.

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The matching characteristics of wind power output and nuclear power peak shaving are studied and the influence of coordinated dispatching of wind power and nuclear power on peak shaving flexibility and cost of the power grid is analyzed. Taking the lowest total operation cost of the system as the objective and considering the operation constraints, peak shaving cost of nuclear power units and the abandoned wind cost, a multi-power dispatching model for power system is proposed. In addition, in order to accurately optimize the output of nuclear power, a method of subdividing the peak shaving depth of nuclear power to linearize the constraint of nuclear power peak shaving is proposed. The analysis of example shows that the multi-power dispatching model considering the coordinated operation of wind and nuclear power has a high operation economy and can significantly reduce the amount of wind abandonment. The daily load tracking mode can be used for the participation of nuclear power units in daily peak shaving and the feasibility and necessity of coordinated wind-nuclear dispatching are verified.
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Chua, Kein Huat, Yun Seng Lim, and Stella Morris. "Energy storage system for peak shaving." International Journal of Energy Sector Management 10, no. 1 (April 4, 2016): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijesm-01-2015-0003.

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Purpose – The main purpose of this study is to provide an effective sizing method and an optimal peak shaving strategy for an energy storage system to reduce the electrical peak demand of the customers. A cost-savings analytical tool is developed to provide a quick rule-of-thumb for customers to choose an appropriate size of energy storage for various tariff schemes. Design/methodology/approach – A novel sizing method is proposed to obtain the optimum size of energy storage for commercial and industrial customers based on their historical load profile. An algorithm is developed to determine the threshold level for peak shaving. One of the buildings at Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Malaysia, is chosen for this study. A three-phase energy storage system rated at 15 kVA is developed and connected to the low-voltage electrical network in the building. An adaptive control algorithm is developed and implemented to optimize the peak shaving. Findings – The sizing analysis shows that the customer under the C2 tariff rate yields the highest saving, followed by E2, C1 and E1. The experimental results presented indicate that the proposed adaptive control algorithm has effectively optimized the peak demand to be shaved. Research limitations/implications – This study demonstrates the potential of energy storage in reducing the peak demand and cost of electricity. One of the main challenges of real-time peak shaving is to determine an appropriate threshold level such that the energy stored in the energy storage system is sufficient during the peak shaving process. Originality/value – The originality of the paper is the optimal sizing method of the energy storage system based on the historical load profile and adaptive control algorithm to optimize the peak demand deduction.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Peak shaving"

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Cornelio, Antonio M. M. "Viability study to implement peak load shaving at UCT Medical School." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5265.

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Includes bibliographical references (p. 189-191).
This Master thesis investigates the application of Peak Load Shaving (PLS) at University of Cape Town Medical School (UCTMS). The purpose was to decrease the monthly maximum demand (MMD) in kVA such that UCTMS monthly electricity bill is decreased. It was purposed that implementing a three-phase inverter in conjunction with a lead-acid battery at UCTMS for PLS is technical and financial viable. Five-year UCTMS MMD data history was gathered from UCT maintenance office as well as eight-month UCTMS load profile, which was gathered using the available electrical meter at Electrical Department Substation for Medical School at FalmouthRoad. Control strategies studies from previous works enabled the quickly synchronization of the three-phase inverter to a three-phase grid. It gave a good quality balanced control of the three-phase currents through the filter inductors, consequently gave a good quality control of the real and reactive power. Secondly a PLS algorithm (PLSA) was developed, which had the aim of setting a threshold point (TP) to prevent the MMD supplied to UCTMS to surpass the TP. In addition, the PLSA in conjunction with designed controllers would charge the battery at unity power factor (PF), whenever the MD is below the set TP and discharge at the same PF conversely, hence limiting the MMD at the TP. To test the purposed PLS topology, simplorer simulator was used, where two daily UCTMS load profile were simulated. The controls design and PLSA were implemented and the result showed that implementing PLS at UCTMS is technical viable. In practice, a prototype was built to show the synchronization of the three-phase inverter with three-phase grid by using a digital phase locked loop PI-based controller implemented in a DSP chip.
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Olausson, Axel, and Niclas Prahl. "Ett batterihybridfartygs driftsmöjligheter : Hur Coey Viking bör operera." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Sjöfartshögskolan (SJÖ), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-103758.

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Syftet med arbetet var att undersöka hur ett nyproducerat batterihybridfartyg av PSV-typ (plattform supply vessel) bör operera för att uppnå en så energieffektiv drift som möjligt utan att äventyra säkerhet eller redundanskrav. Att framföra ett fartyg så energieffektivt som möjligt är något som är av hög prioritet till sjöss, dels ur ett ekonomiskt perspektiv men även ur miljösynpunkt, då sjöfartsbranschen ständigt arbetar för en minskad miljöpåverkan. Även nyproducerade fartyg, byggda med modern teknik som ger goda förutsättningar för en energieffektiv drift ställer stora krav på att det tydligt framgår hur fartyget ska framföras för att nyttja fartygets fulla potential och uppnå optimal drift. För att ta fram procedurer över hur fartygen bör operera har loggade och teoretiska data från fartyget Coey Viking sammanställts, och presenteras i samråd med Viking Supply Ships. Resultatet innefattar generatorkombinationers specifika bränsleförbrukning, lågtrycks-dual-fuel-motorers generella miljöpåverkan med avseende på metanslip och fartygets loggade effektförbrukning till kaj. Resultatet visade att hög generatorlast resulterade i optimal specifik bränsleförbrukningen, att låga generatorlaster genererade stort metanslip samt att en förändrad elkraftstyrning tillsammans med fartygets energilagring möjliggör en förbättrad drift till kaj med en minskad miljöpåverkan. Arbetet öppnar upp för vidare forskning inom optimal peak-shaving-effekt, hur energilagringens storlek påverkar driftsmöjligheter och hur peak-shaving till kaj på ett stabilt sätt reglertekniskt bör styras.
The purpose of this undertaking was to investigate a new built battery-hybrid-vessel of PSV-type (platform supply vessel) and its operational ability to achieve the most energy efficient operation without jeopardizing safety or redundancy. The energy efficient operation of a vessel is of great priority in the maritime industry, not only because of economical profit but also based on environmental perspective, since the maritime industry is constantly aiming towards a decreased environmental impact. Newly built vessels containing modern technology opens up great opportunity in achieving energy efficient operation, though it sets high standard regarding correct operation of the vessel to use its full potential and achieve optimal running. To be able to present procedures regarding the vessel’s operation, logged and theoretical data from the vessel Coey Viking has been compiled and is presented in consultation with Viking Supply Ships. The results refered to different generator combination’s specific fuel consumption, the general environmental impact of low pressure dual fuel engines with respect to methane slip and the vessel’s logged power consumption in port.  The result indicated that a high generator load resulted in optimal specific fuel consumption, while low generator loads resulted in poor specific fuel consumption together with an increase in methane slip. The result also showed that the vessel’s energy storage together with a change in the PMS-system (Power Management System) would enable an improved power supply in port with shore connection. The paper raises questions to be answered in further research regarding optimal peak-shaving effect, what impact the size of the energy storage would have on operational capability and how peak shaving in port with shore connection appropriately should be regulated.
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Smith, David Matthew. "Peak shaving and alternative power : a question of economy, quality of life and quality of electricity." Thesis, Springfield, Va. : Available from National Technical Information Service, 1999. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA367252.

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Sundgren, Robert. "Optimization of a battery energy storage system : For utilization of peak shaving and fast frequency reserve." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-172786.

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As Sweden switches to increasing renewable electricity production the demand on the energy grid and energy market will become higher. Since a bigger part of the electricity consumption will come from flowing energy sources the production will become less stable and harder to plan with the consumption. The inertia of the electrical system will also decrease since solar and wind power are not synchronously connected to the electrical system which will make the system more sensitive to interference. In order to keep the short-term balance so that the frequency remains at 50 𝐻𝑧, Svenska kraftnät has several reserves at their disposal. As of summer 2020, Svenska kraftnät will launch a new reserve called Fast frequency reserve (FFR) with the purpose to deal with rapid imbalances. By supplementing a wind farm with a battery energy store system (BESS), it becomes possible to even out the wind farm's intermittent electricity production by applying peak shaving and lower the grid costs for the wind farm. Because a BESS can provide power within a fraction of a second and is therefore is suitable to provide FFR. To study the profitability and determine what capacity and power a BESS needs for peak shaving and FFR with a wind farm, an optimization model was built in MATLAB to study the profitability of a BESS with multiple power and capacity combination. In addition, the cycling of the BESS and the limitation of peak shaving was also studied to get deeper knowledge about the limitations. The optimization model is using hourly generation data from a wind farm in northern Sweden. Besides the BESS optimization, a separate optimization model was built in order regulate the output power to minimize the generation cost by prolonging the service life of a wind turbine (WTG). The purpose of this optimization was to study if regulating the output power could lower the generation cost, more for the WTG. In addition of the net income the loss of electricity was also studied. The optimization used hourly data during one time period every season during of 2019. The optimization for the BESS showed that the levelized cost of storage (𝐿𝐶𝑂𝑆𝐸) is currently too high for a BESS to be used for only peak shaving with a wind farm. For a BESS to be feasible together with a wind farm the 𝐿𝐶𝑂𝑆𝐸 needs to decrease towards 𝐿𝐶𝑂𝑆𝐸<6 𝐸𝑈𝑅/𝑀𝑊ℎ, and when the BESS also supplied FFR the income increased between 1.5 – 8% depending on the power output for the BESS. The capacity was the limiting factor for the BESS when preforming peak shaving while FFR was limited by the power because of the low energy demand in FFR. Lowering the power output for a WTG resulted in an increased net income for every month between 10 – 90% although this increased income will become more apparent when the operation and maintenance cost starts to drop over a couple of year but this open up a discussion of how an owner should operate there WTG.
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Robinson, Paul E. "Analysis of Distributed Resources Potential Impacts on Electric System Efficacy." Digital WPI, 2009. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/1120.

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"The intent of this Thesis is to study the potential of distributed resources to increase the efficacy of the electric system without decreasing the efficiency of the system. Distributed resources (DR) are technologies that provide an increase in power or a decrease in load on the distribution system. An example of DR is a storage device that uses electricity during low use periods to store energy and then converts the stored energy to power during high use periods. The energy storage being studied is for the purpose of peak shaving or the ability to shift small amounts of load to a more optimum time. In particular the concept of load curve leveling is explored. DR options are studied to determine how size, location, and storage losses impact the overall system efficacy and efficiency. This includes impacts on system losses, capacity utilization, and energy costs."
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Pinkoš, Patrik. "Rozšířené využití bateriových systémů v průmyslových objektech." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-376909.

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The Diploma thesis in theoretical part deals with description of possibilities of accumulations of electricity energy focusing on electrochemical accumulators. Next chapter of theory also describes possible applications of battery storages focusing on costumer. In practical part diploma thesis deals with suggestion of simulation model for battery application peak-shaving. Output of the suggestion represents two case studies based on real data of commercial building consumption. Furthermore, practical part also deals with suggestion of control logic for application peak-shaving which was used for verification of simulation model.
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He, Bo. "High-Capacity Cool Thermal Energy Storage for Peak Shaving - a Solution for Energy Challenges in the 21st century." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Chemical Engineering and Technology, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3781.

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Due to climatic change, increasing thermal loads inbuildings and rising living standards, comfort cooling inbuildings is becoming increasingly important and the demand forcomfort cooling is expanding very quickly around the world. Theincreased cooling demand results in a peak in electrical powerdemand during the hottest summer hours. This peak presents newchallenges and uncertainties to electricity utilities and theircustomers.

Cool thermal storage systems have not only the potential tobecome one of the primary solutions to the electrical powerimbalance between production and demand, but also shift coolingenergy use to off-peak periods and avoid peak demand charges.It increases the possibilities of utilizing renewable energysources and waste heat for cooling generation. In addition, acool storage can actually increase the efficiency of combinedheat and power (CHP) generation provided that heat drivencooling is coupled to CHP. Then, the cool storage may avoidpeaks in the heat demand for cooling generation, and this meansthat the CHP can operate at design conditions in most oftime.

Phase Change Materials (PCMs) used for cool storage hasobtained considerable attention, since they can be designed tomelt and freeze at a selected temperature and have shown apromising ability to reduce the size of storage systemscompared with a sensible heat storage system because they usethe latent heat of the storage medium for thermal energystorage.

The goal of this thesis is to define suitable PCM candidatesfor comfort cooling storage. The thesis work combines differentmethods to determine the thermophysical properties oftetradecane, hexadecane and their binary mixtures, anddemonstrates the potential of using these materials as PCM forcomfort cooling storage. The phase equilibrium of the binarysystem has been studied theoretically as well asexperimentally, resulting in the derivation of the phasediagram. With knowledge of the liquid-solid phase equilibriumcharacteristics and the phase diagram, an improvedunderstanding is provided for the interrelationships involvedin the phase change of the studied materials. It has beenindicated that except for the minimum-melting point mixture,all mixtures melt and freeze within a temperature range and notat a constant temperature, which is so far often assumed in PCMstorage design. In addition, the enthalpy change during thephase transition (heat of fusion) corresponds to the phasechange temperature range; thus, the storage density obtaineddepends on how large a part of the phase change temperaturerange is valid for a given application.

Differential Scanning Calorimetery (DSC) is one frequentlyused method in the development of PCMs. In this thesis, it hasbeen found that varying results are obtained depending on theDSC settings throughout the measurements. When the DSC runs ata high heating/cooling rate it will lead to erroneousinformation. Also, the correct phase transition temperaturerange cannot be obtained simply from DSC measurement. Combiningphase equilibrium considerations with DSC measurements gives areliable design method that incorporates both the heat offusion and the phase change temperature range.

The potential of PCM storage for peak shaving in differentcooling systems has been demonstrated. A Computer model hasbeen developed for rapid phase equilibrium calculation. The useof phase equilibrium data in the design of a cool storagesystem is presented as a general methodology.

Keywords:Comfort cooling, peak shaving, PCM, coolthermal storage system, DSC, phase change temperature range,the heat of fusion, phase equilibrium, phase diagram. Language:English

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MALAGA, MANOLO MIGUEL PINTO. "DEVELOPMENT OF A METHODOLOGY FOR SIZING AN ELECTRIC ENERGY SUPPLY HIBRID SYSTEM FOR PEAK SHAVING AND COMMERCIAL SECTOR." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2010. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=16719@1.

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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
Qualquer atividade em uma sociedade moderna só é possível com o uso intensivo e eficiente de uma ou mais formas de energia. Das diversas formas de energia interessam, em particular, aquelas que são processadas e colocadas à disposição dos consumidores, tais como a energia elétrica. Neste trabalho é apresentado o desenvolvimento de duas metodologias que permitem gerar curvas de Capacidade de Carga a partir de (i) dados aleatórios de perfil de consumo de energia elétrica da PUC – Rio (ii) as contas (Faturas) da concessionária local. A seguir, faz-se uma analise econômica de investimentos que possa dimensionar o número ótimo de geradores de energia elétrica necessários para diminuir o custo deste investimento, tudo isto no setor comercial e no horário de ponta. As duas metodologias se ajustam a perfis reais de consumo, nos quais não se têm acesso a todos os dados desejados. Para validar as duas metodologias, utilizaram-se dados reais de consumo de energia elétrica cada 15 minutos e durante quatro anos da PUC - Rio. A primeira metodologia mostra a geração das curvas de Capacidade de Carga fazendo uso da Função Densidade de Probabilidade, com dados de um mês qualquer. A segunda metodologia mostra como gerar a curva de Capacidade de Carga somente com as faturas fornecidas pela concessionária. Utilizou-se um programa computacional para a solução de sistemas de equações polinomiais de terceiro grau.
Any activity in modern society is only possible with intensive and efficient use of energy. Among the various forms of energy the most important are those that are processed by companies and distributed to consumers, such as electricity. This work presents the development of two methodologies that will allow us to generate load capacity curves from (i) Random data obtained from power consumption of the PUC - Rio (ii) Bills (invoices) from the local utility company. With this data we will do an economic analysis of investment performed. This analysis can help us choose the optimum number of generators of electrical energy required to reduce the cost of the electricity supplied, all within the framework of the commercial sector and at peak hours. Both methods will be validated with the real power consumption, every fifteen minutes during four years from the energy profile of the PUC - Rio. The first method shows how we can generate load capacity curves making use of a statistic function called Probability Density, using data of any month. The second method shows how one can create the load capacity curves with only the invoices obtained from the local utility company. For this second methodology the program EES (Engineering Equation Solver) was used to solve systems of polynomial equations of the third degree.
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Diko, Mpho. "An investigation into the use of the vanadium redox flow energy storage system for peak-shaving and load-leveling." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53276.

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Thesis (MScEng)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis investigates the credibility of the vanadium redox flow energy storage system, sometimes termed vanadium redox battery (VRB). The focus is on the use of this technology in peak-shaving and load-leveling applications. The initial problem is to find a suitable mathematical model for representing the daily load profile. A sinusoidal function is identified as an elementary approximation of the first order. Due to the periodicity characteristics that are inherent in a daily load profile, the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm is identified as a mathematical model that closely resembles a load profile. The main theme in this thesis is the determination of an optimal solution during the peak-shaving process. In this particular context, the optimal solution refers to the following: With the energy capacity of the VRB and the power rating of the entire system considered as the constraints, the interest is on (i) the constant power that the VRB can deliver in order to bring down the maximum demand quite significantly, (ii) and the time interval in which this constant power is delivered. Therefore, the VRB power delivered during peak-shaving (PVRB) and the corresponding time interval are the main two parameters under consideration in the optimization process. The mathematical algorithm that can be used to determine suitable values for these two parameters is developed. Maple" V 5.1 is used for determining the solution analytically. The obtained results are verified by simulation with Excel". The investigation into the economic benefits that may be derived from the utilization of the vanadium energy storage device is also presented.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis ondersoek die waarde en toepassing van die vadium "redox" vloei energie stoorstelsel (VRB). Die fokus is op die gebruik van hierdie tegnologie om pieklas te verminder en om laste meer egalig te maak. Die aanvanklike probleem is om 'n geskikte wiskundige model vir die daaglikse las-profiel te kry. Deur gebruik te maak van sinus-komponente en die toepassing van die Vinnige Fourier Transform (FFT) is hierdie probleem opgelos. Die hooftema van hierdie werk is om 'n analitiese oplossing te vind vir die optimale toepassing van die konsep vir pieklas vermindering. In hierdie konteks verwys die optimale oplossing na die volgende: Met die gegewe verrnoe van die VRB stelsel en drywingsvermoe van die kragelektronika is die vrae rondom (i) die konstante drywing wat die VRB kan lewer om die maksimum aanvraag van die las beduidend te verminder en (ii) die tydsduur waarin dit plaasvind. Dus is die twee veranderlikes waarvoor oplossings in die optimale proses gesoek word die drywing (PVRS) en die tyd-interval daarvan. Die wiskundige algoritme is met die hulp van Maple® V5.1 ontwikkel. Die resultate is daarna met behulp van simulasies in Excel® getoets. 'n Analise van die moontlike ekonomiese voordele is ook ondersoek.
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10

Skog, Nestorovic Benjamin, and Douglas Lindén. "Techno-economic analysis of Battery Energy Storage Systems and Demand Side Management for peak load shaving in Swedish industries." Thesis, KTH, Kraft- och värmeteknologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-277824.

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The Swedish electrical grid has historically been robust and reliable, but with increased electrification in numerous sectors, out-phasing of nuclear power and a high market diffusion of wind power, the system is now facing challenges. The rotational energy in the system is expected to decrease as a result of higher shares of intermittent energy sources, which can affect the stability of the grid frequency negatively. To manage increased frequency drops, the new Fast Frequency Reserve (FFR) market will be implemented by June 2020 in the Nordic power system. Simultaneously, it is expected that the demand of electricity will increase significantly in the transport and industry sectors in the coming years. Several DSOs already today indicate challenges with capacity and power security and have or will implement power tariffs as an economic incentive to prevent these problems. For energy intensive customers, such as industries, it will become important to reduce power peaks to avoid high grid fees. Several peak load shaving strategies can be utilized by industries to reduce their power peaks and thus the power tariff. The aim of this study is to economically analyze peak load shaving for Swedish industries. This is done using Li-Ion BESS and DSM, and to maximize the utilization of the BESS by including energy arbitrage and FFR market participation into the analysis. Firstly, a literature review is conducted within the topics of peak load shaving strategies, energy arbitrage and ancillary services. Secondly, data is gathered in collaboration with WSP Systems – Energy, the initiators of the project, to conduct case studies on two different industries. These cases are simulated in the modeling software SAM, for technical analysis, and then economically evaluated with NPV. Also, nine scenarios are created for the emerging FFR market concerning the number of activations per year and the compensation price per activation. The results from the case studies indicate that peak load shaving of 1 – 3 % with BESS provides a positive NPV for both case industries. However, higher percentages result in negative NPVs when no additional revenue streams are included. When considering energy arbitrage, it is concluded that the additional revenues are neglectable for both industries. Participating in the FFR market provides similar trends in the results as before. The exception is valid for scenarios with high numbers of FFR activations and compensation prices, where positive NPVs for all levels of peak load shaving can be concluded. The peak load shaving strategy DSM is implemented for one of the industries, where efficiency measures are concluded to have the most impact on the economic evaluation. If all efficiency measures would be implemented, the electricity consumption would be reduced by 17 %. Additionally, the power peaks would be reduced with 18 % and result in a significantly more positive NPV than peak load shaving using BESS. A sensitivity analysis concerning BESS capital cost and power tariff price concludes that the BESS price has a strong relation to the NPV, where a BESS price reduction of 60 % results in an NPV increase of at least 100 %. BESS prices have decreased the past years and are expected to keep decreasing in the future. Hence, investments in BESS can become more profitable and attractive in the coming years. Finally, for future research, it is recommended to combine the methodology from this study together with a load forecasting method. This combined methodology could then be practically applied to case specific industries with high peak loads.
Det svenska elnätet har historiskt sett varit robust och pålitligt, men i takt med ökad elektrifiering i flera sektorer, utfasning av kärnkraft samt ökad mängd installerad vindkraft ställs nu systemet inför nya utmaningar. Bland annat förväntas rotationsenergin i systemet minska som ett resultat av högre andelar intermittenta energikällor i systemet. För att hantera detta kommer den nya Fast Frequency Reserve (FFR) marknaden finnas tillgänglig från och med juni 2020. Samtidigt förväntas även efterfrågan på el inom transport- och industrisektorn öka markant de kommande åren. Redan idag är effektbrist ett problem i vissa regioner, vilket kan komma att förvärras. Många nätägare ska eller har redan infört effekttariffer för utnyttjande av deras elnät, vilket är ett ekonomiskt incitament för att hantera effektproblematiken där kunder med en mer flexibel elkonsumtion kommer gynnas. För större elförbrukare, som exempelvis industrier, kan det bli ekonomiskt betydelsefullt att sänka sina effekttoppar och därmed undvika höga nätavgifter. För att minska effekttoppar finns ett flertal så kallade peak load shaving-strategier, som kan utnyttjas av industrier för att minska kostnaderna för effekttariffen. Syftet med denna studie är att analysera peak load shaving för svenska industrier, med hjälp av ett Li-Ion batterilagringssystem och efterfrågeflexibilitet, samt maximera utnyttjandet av batteriet genom att inkludera energiarbitrage och deltagande i FFR-marknaden i analysen. Ett första steg i arbetet är att utföra en litteraturstudie för de berörda områdena. I ett andra steg insamlas data tillsammans med WSP, initiativtagaren av projektet, för att kunna göra en fallstudie på två industrier. För dessa fallstudier undersöks de tekniska förutsättningarna för att implementera peak load shaving-strategier genom modellering i simuleringsprogrammet SAM. Sedan utreds de ekonomiska förutsättningarna för fallstudierna, där NPV används som ekonomiskt nyckeltal. Dessutom skapas nio scenarion för den kommande FFR-marknaden för att uppskatta kostnader och inkomster. Resultatet av fallstudien visar att 1 – 3 % kapade effekttoppar med batterilagring ger ett positivt NPV för båda industrierna. Över 3 % blir resultatet negativt utan ytterligare inkomstströmmar inkluderade. Energiarbitrage konstateras att bidra med marginella positiva fördelar. Vid inkludering av FFR-marknaden i analysen erhålls liknande trender i resultaten, bortsett från scenarion med relativt högt antal avrop och pris. I dessa fall blir även 4 – 10 % kapade effekttoppar ekonomiskt attraktiva. För en av industrierna utvärderas efterfrågeflexibilitet, där effektivisering av elkrävande processer har störst inflytande på resultatet. Vid implementering av samtliga effektiviseringsåtgärder skulle elkonsumtionen minska med 17 %. Dessutom minskar effekttopparna med 18 %, vilket resulterar i ett signifikant mer positivt NPV, jämfört med användningen av batterilager. En känslighetsanalys gällande batteripris och effekttariffer, konstaterade att batteripriset har en stark påverkan på NPV. Vid en batteriprisminskning på 60 % ökar NPV med minst 100 %. Därmed kan batteriinvesteringar bli mer gynnsamma och attraktiva om batteripriser fortsätter att falla, vilket flera prognoser indikerar. Slutligen rekommenderas framtida studier att kombinera metodiken från detta arbete med en prognostiseringsmetod för elanvändning i industrier. Denna kombinerade metod kan sedan praktiskt tillämpas på fallspecifika industrier med höga effekttoppar.
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Books on the topic "Peak shaving"

1

Smith, David Matthew. Peak shaving and alternative power: A question of economy, quality of life and quality of electricity. Springfield, Va: Available from National Technical Information Service, 1999.

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Kunkle, Rick. The advantages of gas cooling in large commercial buildings: Comparison of baseload and peak shaving strategies. Arlington, Va. (1515 Wilson Blvd., Arlington 22209): The Association, 1987.

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Kunkle, R., and K. G. Darrow. Analysis of Peak Shaving in Commercial Buildings With Gas Cooling. Amer Gas Assn, 1987.

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Kunkle, Richard J., and Kenneth G. Darrow. Advantages of Gas Cooling in Large Commercial Buildings: Comparison of Baseload and Peak Shaving Strategies. Amer Gas Assn, 1987.

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Society, National Geographic. Trails Illustrated: Topographic Map - Salida/St. Elmo/Shavano Peak - Colorado. Rand McNally & Company, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Peak shaving"

1

Bar-Noy, Amotz, Matthew P. Johnson, and Ou Liu. "Peak Shaving through Resource Buffering." In Approximation and Online Algorithms, 147–59. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-93980-1_12.

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Baraniya, Shailendra, and Manoj Sankhe. "Demand-Side Load Management for Peak Shaving." In Intelligent Computing Techniques for Smart Energy Systems, 525–34. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0214-9_56.

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Londák, Juraj, Radoslav Vargic, and Pavol Podhradský. "Peak Shaving in Microgrids Using Hybrid Storage." In Proceedings of Seventh International Congress on Information and Communication Technology, 63–73. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1610-6_6.

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Haddenhorst, Hans-Guenter. "Compressed Air Energy Storage (Peak Shaving Plant Neuenhuntorf)." In Underground Storage of Natural Gas, 205–16. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0993-9_16.

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Ishwaran, Mallika, William King, Martin Haigh, Taoliang Lee, and Shangyou Nie. "Analysis of China’s Peak Shaving and Natural Gas Storage Systems." In China’s Gas Development Strategies, 247–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59734-8_10.

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Dongol, Deepranjan, Thomas Feldmann, Michael Schmidt, and Elmar Bollin. "A MPC Based Peak Shaving Application for a Household with Photovoltaic Battery System." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 44–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26633-2_3.

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Pau, Marco, Jochen Lorenz Cremer, Ferdinanda Ponci, and Antonello Monti. "Day-Ahead Scheduling of Electric Heat Pumps for Peak Shaving in Distribution Grids." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 27–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02907-4_2.

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Ganesh, Viswanathan, S. Senthilmurugan, and Rathinam Ananthanarayanan. "Implementation of Peak Shaving Algorithm in an Islanded Microgrid for Economic Power Consumption." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 49–60. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4971-5_4.

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Dong, Xuzhu, Guannan Bao, Zhigang Lu, Zhichang Yuan, and Chao Lu. "Optimal Battery Energy Storage System Charge Scheduling for Peak Shaving Application Considering Battery Lifetime." In Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics, 211–18. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25992-0_30.

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Huang, Bin-Juine, Po-Chien Hsu, Shen-Jie Sia, Min-Han Wu, Zi-Ming Dong, Jia-Wei Wang, Ming-Jia Lee, et al. "Solar Home System with Peak-Shaving Function and Smart Control in Hot Water Supply." In Sustainability in Energy and Buildings, 23–35. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9868-2_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Peak shaving"

1

Braam, Felix, Raphael Hollinger, Martin Llerena Engesser, Stine Muller, Robert Kohrs, and Christof Wittwer. "Peak shaving with photovoltaic-battery systems." In 2014 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isgteurope.2014.7028748.

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Zhao, Xiling, Xiaoyin Wang, and Tao Sun. "Peak-Shaving Ratio Analysis of the Natural Gas Combined Heat and Power Plant With Distributed Peak-Shaving Heat Pumps." In ASME 2017 11th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2017 Power Conference Joint With ICOPE-17, the ASME 2017 15th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2017 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2017-3119.

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Distributed peak-shaving heat pump technology is to use a heat pump to adjust the heat on the secondary network in a substation, with features of low initial investment, flexible adjustment, and high operating cost. The paper takes an example for the system that uses two 9F class gas turbines (back pressure steam) as the basic heat source and a distributed heat pump in the substation as the peak-shaving heat source. The peak-shaving ratio is defined as the ratio of the designed peak-shaving heat load and the designed total heat load. The economic annual cost is taken as a goal, and the optimal peak-shaving ratio of the system is investigated. The influence of natural gas price, electricity price, and transportation distance are also analyzed. It can provide the reference for the optimized design and operation of the system.
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Parise, G., L. Parise, A. Malerba, F. M. Pepe, A. Honorati, and P. Chavdarian. "Comprehensive peak-shaving solutions for port cranes." In 2016 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting. IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ias.2016.7731941.

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Jin, Feng, Jishen Liang, Li Kang, Hongye Zhang, and Pengchao Lu. "A peak shaving method with extreme weather." In 2021 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Electromechanical Automation (AIEA). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aiea53260.2021.00071.

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Naraghi, Mohammad H., and Vishal Shah. "Shaving peak demand using photovoltaics – Economic Analysis." In 2018 International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-4714.

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Wan, Yuliang, Xin Liu, Xiaodan Wu, and Quanzhi Liu. "Economic Analysis Method for Peak Shaving of Wind Storage Combined System Considering Energy Storage Participating In Peak Shaving." In 2020 International Conference on Intelligent Transportation, Big Data & Smart City (ICITBS). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icitbs49701.2020.00093.

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Zuo, Lili, Changchun Wu, Hongwei Zheng, and Fukun Zhang. "Multi-Objective Decision-Making on Peak Shaving of West-East Gas Pipeline." In 2008 7th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2008-64051.

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This paper addresses the peak shaving of West-East Gas Pipeline. For a gas pipeline system, the decision-making on the peak shaving scenarios usually involves a delicate balance between low operation cost and high gas supply reliability. In order to select an acceptable peak shaving scenario from these two angles for West-East Gas Pipeline, the idea of multi-objective decision-making has been introduced. Based on design flow-rate, eight typical peak shaving scenarios have been evaluated, analyzed and optimized with the help of TGNET. During the simulation, in order to make the peak shaving process more approach to the actual operation of the pipeline system, 51 days of forecasted data are used to establish the system starting state for the study period. On the other hand, in order to reduce the effect of different peak shaving process to the subsequent operation, the study period is extended by 7 days to fully account for operating costs and conditions subsequent to the study period, which make different peak shaving scenarios comparable. According to multi-objective optimization criteria including operation cost, gas supply reliability and operation stability, different pareto peak shaving scenarios have been obtained. These scenarios show that from the object of minimizing operation cost, inlet pressure of Shanghai terminal should approach to contractual pressure, from the object of gas supply reliability and operation stability, inlet pressure of Shanghai terminal should maintain a higher value. Operators can adopt different peak shaving scenarios according to different optimization object. Furthermore, with mathematical statistics knowledge, control value of inlet pressure of Shanghai terminal is recommended. When the change of withdrawal flow-rate from underground gas storage is more frequent, the fluctuation of inlet flow-rate is smaller. When withdrawal flow-rate from underground natural gas storage increases, it will not only increase the inventory of whole pipeline and end segment, but also decrease the inlet flow-rate.
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Park, Soyoung, and Wan-Ki Park. "CES peak demand shaving with energy storage system." In 2017 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ictc.2017.8190874.

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Chuan, Luo, D. M. K. K. Venkateswara Rao, and Abhisek Ukil. "Load profiling of Singapore buildings for peak shaving." In 2014 IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/appeec.2014.7065998.

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L’Heureux, Zara E., and Klaus S. Lackner. "Small Scale Energy Storage for Peak Demand Shaving." In ASME 2017 11th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2017 Power Conference Joint With ICOPE-17, the ASME 2017 15th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2017 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2017-3053.

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Utilities in regulated energy markets manage power generation, transmission, and delivery to consumers. Matching peak demand with peak generation is costly, and the increasing penetration of renewable energy into the grid adds complexity due to fluctuations in supply. A few options exist for addressing the task of balancing supply and demand, including demand response, energy storage, and time-varying pricing (tariffs). Arizona Public Service (APS), the largest electric utility company in Arizona, employs tariffs that charge more for electricity at certain times (on-peak periods) and a demand charge for the highest power demand throughout the billing period. Such tariffs incentivize end users to lower peak demand. Arizona State University (ASU), a public university with its largest campus in Tempe, AZ, participates in a time-of-use tariff structure with APS. Analysis in this paper shows that ASU’s 16MWdc of onsite solar capacity alone can lower its monthly electricity bills by over 10% by decreasing on-peak power demand. A novel contribution of the paper is the analysis of the value of small scale, on-campus energy storage in lowering the demand charge. Most analyses consider savings from transferring off-peak electric power to peak-electric power, but this paper considers using stored electricity solely to reduce peak demand and thus lower the demand charge. Small amounts of electricity could greatly reduce overall cost. An algorithm was developed and executed in Python to decide when on-campus storage should be charged and discharged. The critical part of the algorithm is to decide when to discharge. Deploying too early, or too late, will not change peak demand. The paper’s storage dispatch model is implemented alongside a financial model that calculates the savings in electricity bills and determines the net present value (NPV) of different storage technologies as a function of storage lifetime and installed capacity (kWh). The results show that, for all storage technologies considered, a positive NPV is realized. NPVs are very sensitive to actual power demand and thus vary from year to year. This is to be expected because the storage dispatch strategy operates on extreme values, which tend to include very rare events. This analysis uses actual data from ASU, which allows us to extend the results to other universities and commercial customers. The favorable results suggest that a smarter dispatch algorithm based on machine learning would enable further cost savings by determining what can be thought of as a shadow price of electricity.
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Reports on the topic "Peak shaving"

1

Staudt, Rhonda L. Back-Up/ Peak Shaving Fuel Cell System. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/929358.

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2

Ferguson, W. D., and R. M. Nigro. Development of a dispatchable PV peak shaving system. Final report on PV:BONUS Phase 2 activities. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/334277.

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3

Alam, Md Jan, Aladsair Crawford, and Vilayanur Viswanathan. Determination of Duty Cycles for Energy Storage Systems Providing Frequency Regulation and Peak Shaving Services with VAr. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1776644.

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