Relevant bibliographies by topics / Peanut shell as biochar

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Academic literature on the topic 'Peanut shell as biochar'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 19 February 2023
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Peanut shell as biochar"

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Liu, Ning, Zhen Tao Sun, Zheng Chao Wu, Xiu Mei Zhan, Kai Zhang, En Feng Zhao, and Xiao Ri Han. "Adsorption Characteristics of Ammonium Nitrogen by Biochar from Diverse Origins in Water." Advanced Materials Research 664 (February 2013): 305–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.664.305.

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Corn straw biochar and peanut shell biochar were used as an adsorbent, duly affected by the condition of diverse concentrations of ammonium nitrogen, response times, the pH and temperature levels. The study focused on the adsorption characteristics of ammonium nitrogen by corn straw biochar and peanut shell biochar, which demonstrated that the adsorption rate of ammonium nitrogen by corn straw biochar and peanut shell biochar is higher in the initial response. The adsorption quantity rises quickly and attains equilibrium after 4 hours. The adsorbance, once stable was found to be 753.29mg/kg for corn straw biochar and 1003.70mg/kg for peanut shell biochar.The adsorption characteristics of ammonium nitrogen by corn straw biochar and peanut shell biochar are more fitted to the Freundlich equation (Freundlich adsorption isotherm), within the limits of pH 5 to9. The adsorption of ammonium nitrogen by corn straw biochar and peanut shell biochar increased with the increase in the pH and temperature. The adsorption effectiveness of peanut shell biochar is better than corn straw biochar.
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Hadey, Chaimaa, M. Allouch, M. Alami, F. Boukhlifi, and I. Loulidi. "Preparation and Characterization of Biochars Obtained from Biomasses for Combustible Briquette Applications." Scientific World Journal 2022 (December 6, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2554475.

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Renewable energies have been considered as alternative, clean, available, and ecological sources of energy. The production of biochar from biomass by thermochemical means is considered an efficient method of converting biomass for energy production. In this study, the biochars were produced from the biomasses of peanut shells and sugar cane bagasse at different pyrolysis temperatures (400°C, 450°C, and 500°C). The biomass samples and their produced biochars were characterized using calorific value, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM and EDX), compressibility index, and combustion behavior in order to analyze their potential. Experimental results showed that biochar has better fuel qualities compared to raw biomass. We also found that increasing the pyrolysis temperature clearly improved the calorific value, the morphology, the porosity of the biochars as well as the compressibility index of the biochars. The interest of this study was to produce renewable biochar from peanut shell waste and sugar cane bagasse for use as solid fuel.
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Zhao, Ruili, Xinxin Ma, Jinqiao Xu, and Qingming Zhang. "Removal of the pesticide imidacloprid from aqueous solution by biochar derived from peanut shell." BioResources 13, no. 3 (June 8, 2018): 5656–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.13.3.5656-5669.

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Biochar is a carbon-rich product generated from the incomplete combustion of biomass through pyrolysis. Biochar plays an important role in removing pollutants from the environment. In this study, biochars were obtained from peanut shell agricultural waste by the limited-oxygen method at 300, 500, and 700 °C. The adsorption capacity of imidacloprid onto the biochar was increased with the increasing pyrolysis temperature. The solution temperature and biochar dosage had positive effects on the adsorption of imidacloprid. The adsorption capacity of the biochar on imidacloprid was increased with the increasing of pH in acid and neutral solution but slightly decreased in weak base solution (pH 9). An analysis of adsorption kinetics showed that the adsorption of imidacloprid on the biochar perfectly followed pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models with R2 coefficients above 0.97. Furthermore, the Langmuir and Freundlich models highly correlated with the sorption isotherm data. In summary, this study confirmed that peanut shell biochar is an efficient adsorbent for the removal of the pesticide imidacloprid.
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Wang, Huanhuan, Tianbao Ren, Huijuan Yang, Yuqing Feng, Huilin Feng, Guoshun Liu, Quanyu Yin, and Hongzhi Shi. "Research and Application of Biochar in Soil CO2 Emission, Fertility, and Microorganisms: A Sustainable Solution to Solve China’s Agricultural Straw Burning Problem." Sustainability 12, no. 5 (March 3, 2020): 1922. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12051922.

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This study aimed to explore a new way to address the burning of agricultural waste in China while achieving the sustainable use of it. Three agricultural wastes (Wheat straw, peanut shell, and rice husk) were slowly pyrolyzed into biochar, which was subsequently added to the soil to reduce CO2 emissions from the soil, and to improve soil fertility as well as microbial community structure. The biochar and raw materials were added to the soil and cultured under controlled conditions, and then the CO2 emissions produced from the mixing. At the same time, this study used pot experiments to determine the effects of biochar on tobacco soil physical and chemical properties and, therefore, the microbial communities of the soil. This study suggests that (1) biochar can effectively reduce soil CO2 emission rate. Compared with the control, peanut shell biochar could reduce the total CO2 emissions of soil by 33.41%, and the total CO2 emissions of wheat straw biochar treatment was 90.25% lower than that of wheat straw treatment. (2) The soil’s physical and chemical properties were improved. The soil bulk density of wheat straw biochar treatment kept 34.57% lower than that of the control as well as 21.15% lower than that of wheat straw treatment. The soil’s organic carbon of peanut shell biochar treatment was 87.62% more than that of peanut shell treatment. (3) Biochar changed soil microbial community structure. (4) Biochar is suitable for tobacco growth. Peanut husk biochar significantly increased the total biomass of tobacco, and wheat straw biochar significantly increased tobacco root vigor. This study concluded that processing Chinese agricultural waste into biochar and adding it to the soil instead of burning it directly would be an effective means to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, to improve soil, and to promote crop growth.
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Wang, Liucheng, Xianglin Song, Wenting Xing, Huanhuan Zhao, Yake Li, and Liya Zhang. "Modification of Peanut Shell Biochar and Its Adsorption Performance." Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy 15, no. 6 (December 1, 2021): 731–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2021.2136.

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In order to improve the efficient recovery and utilization of agricultural waste, biochar was prepared from peanut shells through oxygen-limited pyrolysis at 240 °C in this work, and biochar was modified with sodium hydroxide solution to explore the adsorption performance of Pb2+ on biochar before and after modification. The specific surface area, pore structure, surface functional groups, microscopic morphology, surface element distribution of the peanut shell biochar before and after modification were analyzed by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Fourier transform infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (SEM-EDS). The Pb2+ adsorption experiments on biochar before and after modification were carried out under different conditions, it was found that the suitable solution pH for biochar to adsorb Pb2+ were both 5.5~6.5, the suitable solid-liquid ratio of unmodified biochar was 2.5 g·L−1, the suitable solid-liquid ratio of modified biochar was 2.0 g·L−1, and equilibrium adsorption time of modified biochar was shortened. The adsorption behaviors of the two kinds of biochar conformed to Pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isothermal model, thermodynamic parameters were ΔG < 0, |ΔG| < 40 kJ·mol−1, ΔH > 0, ΔS > 0. These adsorption processes were spontaneous endothermic processes including both physical and chemical adsorption.
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Zhu, Wenhao, Cuilan Li, Shun Zhou, Yan Duan, Jinjing Zhang, and Feng Jin. "Soil organic carbon characteristics affected by peanut shell biochar in saline-sodic paddy field." Plant, Soil and Environment 68, No. 2 (February 7, 2022): 108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/426/2021-pse.

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Biochar exhibits a profound impact on soil organic carbon (SOC) turnover and dynamics, but the underlying mechanism under field conditions is still unclear. A three-year field experiment was performed to evaluate the impact of peanut shell biochar applied at rates of 0, 33.75, 67.5, and 101.25 t/ha (referred to as B0, B1, B2, and B3, respectively) on SOC content and chemical composition in a saline-sodic paddy field using stable carbon isotope composition and <sup>13</sup>C nuclear magnetic resonance technology. With increasing rates of biochar, SOC and aromatic carbon contents and alkyl carbon/oxygen-alkyl carbon and hydrophobic carbon/hydrophilic carbon ratios increased, while alkyl carbon and oxygen-alkyl carbon contents and aliphatic carbon/aromatic carbon ratio decreased. The new carbon from biochar and rice residues accounted for 26.5% of SOC under B0 and increased to above 80.0% under B2 and B3. The decay rate of old carbon was faster in biochar-amended than in unamended soil. SOC content was positively correlated with alkyl carbon/oxygen-alkyl carbon and hydrophobic carbon/hydrophilic carbon ratios but negatively correlated with aliphatic carbon/aromatic carbon ratio. The results suggest that biochar can increase SOC content by increasing its humification, aromaticity, and hydrophobicity. However, negative priming is not the main mechanism for SOC accumulation during the short-term period.
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Shi, Zhichao, Aowen Ma, Yuanhang Chen, Menghan Zhang, Yin Zhang, Na Zhou, Shisuo Fan, and Yi Wang. "The Removal of Tetracycline from Aqueous Solutions Using Peanut Shell Biochars Prepared at Different Pyrolysis Temperatures." Sustainability 15, no. 1 (January 3, 2023): 874. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15010874.

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The pyrolysis temperature strongly affects the properties of the peanut shell biochar, and influences its adsorption behavior and mechanisms for contaminant removal in aqueous solutions. In this study, peanut shells were pyrolyzed at 400 °C and 700 °C to prepare two biochars (PSBC400 and PSBC700), which were then characterized using scanning electron microscopy/X-ray energy spectrum analysis, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, elemental analysis, X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The adsorption behavior of typical tetracycline (TC) onto the biochars was investigated, and the potential adsorption mechanisms explored. The results show that compared with PSBC400, PSBC700 has a larger specific surface area and pore volume and contains higher levels of carbon and ash, but shows lower O, N, and H content. The hydrophilicity and polarity of PSBC700 is lower, but its aromaticity is higher. Furthermore, the mineral content of PSBC400 is higher than for PSBC700. The functional groups differ between PSBC400 and PSBC700, especially those containing C and O. The Elovich and two-compartment adsorption kinetic models are a good fit to the TC adsorption processes on both biochars, but the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model provides better results. The theoretical maximum adsorption capacities of TC onto PSBC700 and PSBC400 are 33.4346 mg·g−1 and 26.4185 mg·g−1, respectively. The main adsorption mechanisms of TC onto PSBC400 are hydrogen bonding and complexation, and are closely related to the functional groups and minerals found in PSBC400. In contrast, the main adsorption mechanisms of TC onto PSBC700 are pore filling and the π–π interaction, and are mainly determined by the surface area and graphited carbon structure of PSBC700. In summary, effective biochar can be manufactured from peanut shell biomass and can be used to remove TC from aqueous solutions.
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Sukartono, Sukartono. "S NUTRIENTS RTENTION OF SEVERAL BIOCHARS AND THEIR EFFECT ON N,P, K UPTAKE OF UPLAND-RICE ." CROP AGRO, Scientific Journal of Agronomy 12, no. 01 (February 1, 2019): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/caj.v12i01.247.

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ABSTRACT Application of biochar to agriculture soils has been considered as means to improve soil quality and carbon sequiestration. Therefore, the understanding of chemical and physical properties of biochars is important to identify suitable use of biochar for improving soil fertility and carbon sequestration. Biochars were produced from phyrolizing five different feedstock from crops residues (rice straw- BPJ, rice husk- BPS, maize cobs- BJT, peanuts shell- BKC and soybean residues-BKE). Using muffle furnace heating under 400oC. The potential nutrients retention of those biochars in particular for NH4+, K+. Ca++, dan Mg++. was tested. througha leaching experiment established in Soil Physic laboratory at Faculty of Agriculure, University of Mataram . The physicochemical properties of biochars were likely varied among fives feedstocks. The biochars derived from soybean residues (BKE), peanut biomass (BKC) and maize cobs (BJT) contained higher mutrients (i.e. C, N, K, Ca and Mg) compared to biochars produced from rice straw (BJP) and rice husks (BPS). Total-C of BKE, BKC dan BJT were 51,73; 57,36 dan 53,53 % respecively. The variation of phyisicochemical properties from different biomass strongly related to different nutrient retention whenever the biochars are applied in soils. Biochars produced from legume crops biomass such as soybean and dan peanuts werethe highest nutrients retention, followed by maize cobsand rice straw biochars. Unde glass house test, the tree biochars namely BPS, BJT and BKE have similar effect on N,P, K uptake as well as to dry weight biomass.
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Puglla, Edgar Pineda, Diana Guaya, Cristhian Tituana, Francisco Osorio, and María J. García-Ruiz. "Biochar from Agricultural by-Products for the Removal of Lead and Cadmium from Drinking Water." Water 12, no. 10 (October 20, 2020): 2933. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12102933.

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This study reports the adsorption capacity of lead Pb2+ and cadmium Cd2+ of biochar obtained from: peanut shell (BCM), “chonta” pulp (BCH) and corn cob (BZM) calcined at 500, 600 and 700 °C, respectively. The optimal adsorbent dose, pH, maximum adsorption capacity and adsorption kinetics were evaluated. The biochar with the highest Pb2+ and Cd2+ removal capacity is obtained from the peanut shell (BCM) calcined at 565 °C in 45 min. The optimal experimental conditions were: 14 g L−1 (dose of sorbent) and pH between 5 and 7. The sorption experimental data were best fitted to the Freundlich isotherm model. High removal rates were obtained: 95.96% for Pb2+ and 99.05. for Cd2+. The BCH and BZM revealed lower efficiency of Pb2+ and Cd2+ removal than BCM biochar. The results suggest that biochar may be useful for the removal of heavy metals (Pb2+ and Cd2+) from drinking water.
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Sattar, Muhammad Sohail, Muhammad Bilal Shakoor, Shafaqat Ali, Muhammad Rizwan, Nabeel Khan Niazi, and Asim Jilani. "Comparative efficiency of peanut shell and peanut shell biochar for removal of arsenic from water." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 26, no. 18 (May 4, 2019): 18624–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05185-z.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Peanut shell as biochar"

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Zhang, Hanzhi. "Biochar Characteristics and Effects on Phosphorus Availability and Dynamics in Tropical Soils." Thesis, Griffith University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365362.

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Phosphorus (P) is a limiting nutrient for crops in many parts of the world, especially in the tropics, due to low P availability in soils. Biochar has attracted increasing attention as a potential soil conditioner, due to its ability to increase P availability in soils. However, how biochar contributes to P availability and influences P transformation in soils is largely unknown. This PhD research project (a) investigated changes in biochar characteristics as a function of feedstock type and pyrolysis temperature, including biochar chemical composition and structures; (b) assessed P availability in four biochar thermosequences and P transformation during pyrolysis using a sequential extraction scheme in combination with 31P NMR studies; (c) assessed the ability of different biochars to retain phosphate and investigated corresponding retention mechanisms, and (d) investigated effects of biochar amendments on P availability and transformation in tropical soils under precisely-controlled laboratory conditions, over a short time period (12 weeks), and under field conditions over a longer time period (≥1 years).
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Environment
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Londoño, Ceballos Mauricio. "High-Density Polyethylene/Peanut Shell Biocomposites." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc700037/.

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A recent trend in the development of renewable and biodegradable materials has led to the development of composites from renewal sources such as natural fibers. This agricultural activity generates a large amount of waste in the form of peanut shells. The motivation for this research is based on the utilization of peanut shells as a viable source for the manufacture of biocomposites. High-density polyethylene (HDPE) is a plastic largely used in the industry due to its durability, high strength to density ratio, and thermal stability. This research focuses in the mechanical and thermal properties of HDPE/peanut shell composites of different qualities and compositions. The samples obtained were subjected to dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and mechanical tensile strength tests. TO prepare the samples for analysis, the peanut shells were separated into different mesh sizes and then mixed with HDPE at different concentrations. The results showed that samples with fiber size number 10 exhibited superior strength modulus of 1.65 GPa versus results for HDPE alone at 1.32 GPa. The analysis from the previous experiments helped to determine that the fiber size number 10 at 5%wt. ratio in HDPE provides the most optimal mechanical and thermal results. From tensile tests the highest modulus of elasticity of 1.33 GPa was achieved from the samples of peanut shells size number 10 in HDPE at 20%wt. ratio, while the results for HDPE alone were only of 0.8 GPa. The results proved the hypothesis that the addition of peanut shells to HDPE enhances both the thermal and mechanical properties of the composite.
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Nóbrega, Ísis Patrícia Cardoso. "Efeitos do biochar nas propriedades físicas e químicas do solo: sequestro de carbono no solo." Master's thesis, ISA/UTL, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/4104.

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Mestrado em Engenharia do Ambiente - Instituto Superior de Agronomia
The objective of this master thesis was to evaluate the effect of biochar on CO2 emissions from agricultural soil. The biochars were produced from three different feedstocks (clean pine chips, peanut hull and poultry manure) and at two different slow pyrolysis temperatures (400 ºC and 500 ºC). Biochar properties were significantly influenced by the feedstock and pyrolysis conditions. The biochar yield was higher at lower pyrolysis temperature. In general, biochar produced from woody plants had higher carbon (C) content, low nitrogen (N) content and low cation exchange capacity (CEC). Biochar produced from manure has low C content, high N content and CEC. The pH of these biochars ranged from neutral to alkaline. To examine the effects of biochar on soil GHG production, an incubation experiment was performed. The emissions of CO2 in soils with biochar were evaluated through C mineralization. The biochar produced at 400 ºC by using peanut hull and poultry manure had a higher CO2 emission compared to that obtained at 500 ºC from raw materials. The C mineralization was strongly controlled by the pyrolysis temperature than by the feedstock type.
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Diallo, Ndeye Helene. "Improved Management of Acid Sulfate Soils for Rice Production in Casamance, Senegal." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/81697.

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Casamance is a region in southern Senegal that traditionally produces rainfed rice, but Senegal produces only 1/3 of its rice consumption. Lowland areas, where rice is primarily produced, have acid sulfate soils with low pH and potential aluminum and iron toxicity. The goal of this work was to determine if soil amendments can alleviate soil acidity, counteract the negative biogeochemical effects that occur in flooded conditions, and increase rice yield. A two-year experiment was conducted to test the following soil treatments – agricultural lime, pulverized oyster shell, biochar, and control (no amendment) – in flat and raised beds. Plots amended with lime and shell materials had increased soil pH, base saturation, Ca, and cation exchange capacity. Meanwhile, biochar elevated particulate organic matter and C:N ratios. Exchangeable Fe and Al were negatively correlated with soil pH, while Geobacteraceae populations (Fe reducing bacteria) increased with pH. A greater proportion of the total Fe was strongly bound in fractions that were less bioavailable in plots amended with shell or lime, and overall rice yields were significantly higher following amendment with shell or lime. During the second growing year these effects diminished, suggesting that liming effects did not persist as expected. These results demonstrate the benefits of soil amendments that raise soil pH and suggest that this effect operates by influencing overall soil nutrient availability to rice plants, but further research is needed regarding the timing and sustainability of the beneficial liming effect.
Master of Science
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Georgin, Jordana. "PREPARAÇÃO DE CARVÃO ATIVADO A PARTIR DE CASCA DE AMENDOIM PARA USO COMO ADSORVENTE NA REMOÇÃO DE POLUENTES ORGÂNICOS EM SOLUÇÕES AQUOSAS." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2016. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/7652.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The contamination of water bodies by dye containing effluents is harmful for the environment and human health. In this way, several techniques have been used to remove dyes from colored effluents. Adsorption stands out, due its low-cost, low energy requirements, use of low-cost adsorbents, ease of implementation and operation and high efficiency. In this work, peanut shells were used as adsorbents and as precursors to obtain activated carbon. These materials were characterized and used to remove DB38 (Direct Black 38) and RR141 (Reactive Red 141) dyes from aqueous media. It was found that the best adsorbents to remove both dyes were in the following order: microwave/pyrolyzed activated carbon from peanut shells>pyrolyzed activated carbon from peanut shells>peanut shells. This result demonstrated that the microwave irradiation followed by pyrolysis is an alternative way to produce a material with good adsorbent characteristics. The adsorption was favored at pH of 2.5. For both dyes, the kinetic was successfully represented by the pseudo second order model and the equilibrium, represented by the Langmuir model. Desorption and reuse was possible maintaining the same adsorption capacity. In brief, these results revealed that peanut shells are a good precursor to obtain a suitable adsorbent material able to remove dyes from aqueous media.
A atividade industrial tem contribuído muito para um aumento significativo nas concentrações de corantes em águas, representando uma importante fonte de contaminação dos corpos aquáticos, principalmente quando consideramos que tais íons podem ser disseminados via cadeia alimentar. Devido a estas implicações ambientais, novos processos de remoção e/ou degradação destes compostos em efluentes têxteis têm sido testados, dentre eles a adsorção. O processo de adsorção é uma alternativa potencialmente versátil, acessível e econômica para o tratamento de diversos tipos de efluentes, inclusive os das indústrias têxteis. Objetivou-se neste trabalho desenvolver materiais adsorventes a partir de resíduos agroindustriais para a remoção de poluentes em meio aquoso. Neste estudo foram utilizadas cascas de amendoim como adsorvente e como precursor para a obtenção de carvões, para remoção de poluentes hídricos utilizando soluções de corantes DB38 (Direct Black 38) e RR141(Reactive Red 141) como sistema modelo de contaminante. A partir do estudo adsortivo, verificou-se que o material submetido à irradiação de microondas seguido de pirólise (MW-P), obteve maior capacidade de adsorção de ambos os corantes, principalmente a um pH ácido de 2,5, do que o submetido à pirólise convencional (P). A adsorção dos corantes DB38 e RR141 pela amostra MW-P pode ser representado pelo modelo cinético de pseudo-segunda ordem e o modelo de isoterma de Sips. O adsorvente é possível ser reutilizado mantendo a mesma capacidade de adsorção. Com isso, pode-se concluir que a casa de amendoim pode originar um bom material adsortivo na remoção de corantes a partir de soluções aquosas.
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Fall, Thioro. "Soil Management for Improved Rice Production in Casamance, Senegal." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/81457.

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Rice is a staple crop for many countries around the world, and is one of the top three food sources globally. Many environments where rice is grown contain stressors likely to limit its growth and yield. In southern Senegal (Casamance region), rice is mainly cultivated in lowlands near estuaries where drought, salinity, acidity, poor soil fertility, and iron toxicity are the main limiting factors. In Casamance, average rice yield for local farmers is 1 to 2 tons per hectare (809 to 1618 pounds per acre), compared to worldwide average yield of more than 4 tons per hectare. The soil where our 2-year experiment (2014 and 2015) was conducted is highly saline-sodic and acidic, and the salt tolerant cultivar we grew yielded 3.4 tons per hectare in 2013. Our main objective was to increase rice yield. The water table height, salinity, and pH were measured weekly during the rice growing season, and the soil was described, sampled, and analyzed to better understand the water and soil resources. Two planting methods were tested: flat planting and planting on beds. Two soil amendments were compared with each planting method: biochar and crushed oyster shells, alone and in combination. An untreated control was included in the experiment. All plots were fertilized. Treatment effects on soil properties and yield were compared in a split-plot design. Plant tissue was sampled for elemental content. The water table was above the surface and was saline during half of the growing season in 2014, and decreased after rice grain head emerged. Planting methods and amendments did not have an effect on yield in 2014, but biochar amendment increased yield in 2015. In 2014, soil salinity and sodium decreased to below toxic levels late in the growing season in the flat plots but not in the bedded plots. Therefore, flat planting is more appropriate in these lowland rice production systems. Soil pH increased from 4.4 to 7.7 in flat planting where biochar+shell was applied. Soil available nutrients such as P, Mn, and Zn were significantly higher in flat planting compared to beds. Toxic levels of Na (> 2000 milligrams per kilogram) were measured in leaves sampled just before flowering. We recommend flat planting and amending soil with biochar in saline-sodic acid-sulfate paddy soils in Casamance to improve rice yield.
Master of Science
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Moreira, Renata. "Estudo da pirólise lenta da casca da castanha de caju." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85134/tde-07102015-090727/.

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A casca da castanha de caju (CCC), um resíduo agrícola da produção de castanha, proveniente da região nordeste do Brasil foi caracterizada e submetida ao processo de pirólise lenta. As propriedades do bio-carrvão, do bio-óleo e dos gases produzidos foram investigados e potenciais aplicações foram propostas. A CCC foi caracterizada pela seguintes técnicas: análise elementar CHNS, umidade total, conteúdo de cinzas, matérias voláteis, poder calorífico superior e por análise termogravimétrica. A análise termogravimétrica sob fluxo de nitrogênio mostrou que a decomposição é dominada pela degradação da hemicelulose e celulose na faixa de 250 a 350oC e pela decomposição da lignina na faixa de 400 a 500oC. Na presença de ar, o perfil de degradação é semelhante, porém observa-se uma maior degradação da lignina. A pirólise lenta da casca da castanha de caju foi realizada em um reator tipo batelada aquecido por chama ar-GLP sob diferentes fluxos (mL min-1) de nitrogênio ou ar. O sólido obtido (bio-carvão), líquido (fase aquosa + bio-óleo) e a fase gás foram quantificados e caracterizados por diferentes técnicas. Os experimentos realizados sob fluxo de nitrogênio apresentaram um rendimento de cerca de 30, 40 e 30% em massa paras as fases sólido, líquida e gás, respectivamente. Sob fluxo de ar ocorreu uma diminuição no rendimento da fase líquida, principalmente na produção de bio-óleo, e um aumento da fase gás. Os bio-carvões produzidos apresentaram elevados teores de carbono, na faixa de 70-75% em massa, poder calorífico na faixa de 25 a 28 MJ kg-1, características de carbono amorfo, sem morfologias definidas e ausência de poros. Os espectros FTIR de bio-óleos produzidos sob fluxo de nitrogênio apresentaram um aumento da intensidade relativa das bandas cerca de 1700 cm-1 (ν C=O) e 1230 cm-1 (ν C-O) em comparação com os produzidos sob fluxo de ar, o que sugere a presença de grandes quantidades de compostos oxigenados de carbono, como aldeídos, cetonas e ácidos carboxílicos. As análises das fases gás mostraram a predominância de CO2 e CO a temperaturas inferiores a 400ºC e a formação preferencial de H2 acima desta temperatura.
Cashew nut shell (CNS), an agricultural waste of cashew nut production, from northeast region of Brazil was characterized and slow pyrolyzed. The properties of char, bio-oil and gases products were investigated and potential applications were proposed. CNS was characterized by the following analyses: CHNS, total moisture, ash content, volatile matter, high heating value and thermogravimetric analysis. The thermogravimetric analysis under nitrogen flow showed that the decomposition is dominated by the degradation of hemicellulose and cellulose in the range from 250 to 350oC and the decomposition of lignin in the range of 400 to 500oC. In the presence of air, the degradation profile is similar; however the decomposition of lignin increases. Slow pyrolysis of cashew nut shell was carried out in batch-type reactor heated by a combustion flame (air + GLP) under different nitrogen and air flow rates. The resulting solid (char), liquid (water + bio-oil) and gas phases were characterized and quantified. The experiments performed under nitrogen showed a yield of solid, liquid and gas phases of about 30, 40 and 30wt%, respectively. Under air the yield of liquid phase was reduced, primarily the bio-oil yield; production of the gas phase was, in turn, increased. The produced biochars had high carbon contents in the range of 70-80 wt%, high heating values in the range of 25-28 MJ Kg-1 and characteristics of amorphous carbons without defined morphology and the absence of pores. The FTIR spectra of bio-oils produced under nitrogen flow showed an increase of the relative intensity of the bands around 1700 cm-1 (ν C = O) and 1230 cm-1 (ν C-O) in comparison with those produced under air flow which suggests the presence of large amounts of oxygenated carbon compounds such as aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids. The analysis of gas phases showed the predominance of CO2 and CO at temperatures lower than 400oC and the preferential formation of H2 above this temperature.
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CHEN, GUAN-TING, and 陳冠榳. "To Explore The Adsorption Capacity of Arsenic Made of Biochar for Peanut Shell and Corn Husk in Irrigation Water." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/d5949m.

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碩士
朝陽科技大學
環境工程與管理系
106
Agriculture is one of the main economic backbones of the Chia-Nan plains, but post-harvest agricultural wastes are usually openly burned, causing air pollution. Therefore, the government has banned in situ open burning of agricultural wastes, but this leads to problems about the efficient treatment of such wastes. Moreover, the groundwater in Taiwan's western coast has high arsenic (As) contamination, causing farmlands to be polluted with high levels of As when the groundwater is used for irrigation. Results from absorption experiments in this study showed that the maximum absorption capacity of using peanut shell char, which was 22.5 , was attained within forty minutes. The maximum absorption capacity of by corn husk char was 23.7, and was attained in the ten minutes. The maximum absorption capacity of by PC was 17.7 , and was attained within ten minutes, whereas that by corn husk char was 17.9 and was attained in the 10th minutes. The absorption rate of both corn husk and peanut shell char was fastest during the ten minutes, and gradually became saturated after that. The absorption capacity of As³⁺ and As⁵⁺ using peanut shell increased with increasing As concentrations. The optimum absorption efficient of As³⁺ and As⁵⁺ using corn husk char was attained at 0.5 mg/L concentration. The absorption dynamics of corn husk char was a pseudo second order reaction when As³⁺ concentrations were 0.25 、 0.5 mg/mL and 1.0 mg/mL. At 1.0 mg/mL concentration, corn husk char was a pseudo second order reaction same pseudo second order reaction. As³⁺ concentrations 0.25 、 0.5 mg/mL was a pseudo second order reaction at all concentrations. The absorption isotherms of both chars were fitted as Langmuir models, implying that the absorption was Single -leveled. This study uses biochar made from agricultural wastes of Yunlin County to absorb solutions in which As concentrations were 0.25, 0,5 and 1.0 mg/L. The potential of these self-prepared biochar to absorb As and decrease its concentrations in water is evaluated.
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Wang, Yuan-Jie, and 王源杰. "Combustion of Peanut Shell in a Vortexing Fluidized Bed Combustor with Flue Gas Recirculation." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26426894465545238676.

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碩士
中原大學
化學工程研究所
101
Peanut shell is common agricultural waste in Taiwan, and its high calorific value is suitable to be used as biomass fuel for fluidized bed combustion. In this study, the experiments are conducted in a vortexing fluidized bed combustor (VFBC) using silica sand as bed materials. The combustor has a height of 4.6 m. The combustion chamber is 0.8 m × 0.4 m in area and freeboard has an ID of 0.75 m. The secondary gas is introduced into the freeboard tangentially at 2.05 m above the air distributor plate. Different operating conditions, including excess oxygen ratio, stoichiometric oxygen ratio in the bed, and particle sizes, are used to investigate their effects on the axial temperature profile, pollutant emissions, combustion efficiency, and combustion fractions. Furthermore, in order to understand the vortexing effect, with a fixed total oxygen rate of 0.8175 Nm3/min and primary gas rate of 3 Nm3/min in the furnace, nitrogen is added to secondary gas in 4 separate runs with the rate of (0, 0.44, 0.75 and 1 Nm3/min), respectively. The results showed that crushed peanut shell can cause bridging in the hopper during the feeding process; therefore, compressed shell pellets is the best way to solve the feeding problem. As excess oxygen ratio increases, both of crushed and pelletized peanut shell have higher bed temperature and combustion efficiency. As stoichiometric oxygen ratio increases, different results for crushed and pelletized peanut shell are observed. This is due to the different major combustion locations from different particle densities of the two fuels. Axial CO and NOx profiles indicate there are two specific regions inside the reactor, i.e. formation and decomposition. The CO emission from the vortexing FBC is found to be in the range of 55-73 ppm for crushed peanut shell and of 45-60 ppm for pelletized peanut shell, with excess oxygen ratio of 40-60%. In every experiment, combustion efficiency of peanut shell is always over 99%.
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Yen, Kuan-Chung, and 顏冠忠. "The Promoting f Hydrogen Production on Peanut Shell Via Batch Tests and Series Connected Two-Stages-Reactors." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/56870038087632844864.

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碩士
國立臺中教育大學
環境教育及管理研究所
99
Due to facing with the shortage of petroleum and soaring price, agricultural wastes used for anaerobic fermentative hydrogenesis biomass energy is one of the most important energy technologies. Peanut shell used as substrate in the study is to explore the feasibility of producing fermentative hydrogenesis and to find out the conditions for the optimal operation. First of all, the hydrolization for the substrate must be promoted before the fermentative hydrogenic reaction could be conducted in the study. Therefore, 3 strains of Bacillus subtilis(A) as the hydrolytic bacteria bought from BCRC together with the fermentative hydrogenic bacteria cultivated by our lab as the hydrogenic bacteria was used in a series of batch tests and in continuous input tests of a two-stages reactors for the hydrolization and fermentative hydrogenesis to evaluate the feasibility of hydrogenesis of peanut shell. The results were shown as follows, Bacillus subtilis(A) among 3 strains used as the hydrolytic bacteria was got the maximum hydroeysis with the increase of soluble COD up to 29.7%. The initial pH of hydrogenic bacteria being input was 5.25, the reaction pH was between 5.0~5.5 and COD concentration was 20,000mg/L, the best hydrogen production was got and reached 0.60 mmole H2/g-CODin. The hydrogen production efficiency of peanut shell of batch test, YpH, hydrogen production of per gram influent COD = Y5.25, hydrogen production of per gram influent COD×0.419│pH-5.25│, θ was 0.419。 In continuous input tests in which peanut shell being treated by the SBR connected by CSTR reactor in series, when the best progressive time of SBR was 9hr, initial pH was 7.0, the COD concentration of substrate was 20,000mg/L, the best increase of soluble COD would be up to 30.8%. And the wastewater being input into the post-stage CSTR, the best fermentative hydrogen production was got, 2.41 mmole-H2 /g-CODin and 21.3 mmole-H2/L．day. The regression equation for hydrogen production oh pH, YpH，hydrogen production of per gram influent COD =Y7.00，hydrogen production of per gram influent COD×0.979│pH-7.00│，θ was 0.979 and YpH，hydrogen production of per unit volume reactor =Y7.00，hydrogen production of per unit volume reactor×0.989│pH-7.00│，θ was 0.989。 The general regression equation for hydrogen production of peanut shell is as follows: (1) hydrogenesis production of per gram influent COD (mmole-H2/g-CODin) = organic loading(kg-COD/m3.day) 0.298× 0.979│SBR initial pH -7.0│× 0.814│CSTR pH -5.25│；(2) hydrogenesis production of per unit volume reactor (mmole-H2/L˙day ) = organic loading (kg-COD/m3.day) 0.951 ×0.989│SBR initial pH -7.0│× 0.779│CSTR pH-5.25 │. In continuous input tests in which peanut shell being treated by the SBR connected by CSTR reactor in series, the best increase of soluble COD was up to 30.8%. The best fermentative hydrogen production was 2.41 mmole-H2/g-CODin and 21.3 mmole-H2/L．day. That was superior to that of rape-seed dreg used as which substrate was the co-cultivated in single-stage ASBR fermentation reactor, it was shown that SBR could promote the increase of soluble COD and fermentation hydrogen production of post-stage CSTR. The comparison of hydrogen production of per gram influent COD, and of per unit volume reactor and that of other literatures, it was found that peanut shell used as substrate is a feasible solution for hydrogenesis that due to higher hydrogen productivity, and peanut shell is inexpensive and available everywhere. The hydrogen production of two-stages-reactors in this study was much higher than that of single stage reactor. The hydrogenesis of peanut shell can be effectively enhanced by SBR to promote hydrogen production. And peanut shell available can be everywhere. Therefore, the fesilbilty of peanut shell production is very high.
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Books on the topic "Peanut shell as biochar"

1

illustrator, Bolster Rob, and Mazzola Frank illustrator, eds. Reese's Pieces peanut butter: Candy in a crunchy shell : counting board book. New York, N.Y: Scholastic, 2000.

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franssen, d. d. life outside the peanut shell. AuthorHouse, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Peanut shell as biochar"

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Ghani, Wan Azlina Wan Ab Karim, Nur Zalikha Rebitanim, Mohamad Amran Mohd Salleh, and Azil Bahari Alias. "Carbon Dioxide Adsorption on Coconut Shell Biochar." In Progress in Clean Energy, Volume 1, 683–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16709-1_50.

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Bardalai, Monoj, and D. K. Mahanta. "Characterization of Bael Shell (Aegle marmelos) Pyrolytic Biochar." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 747–60. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8542-5_65.

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Warore, Amadou, Biram Dieng, Seydou Nourou Diop, and Senghane Mbodj. "Mechanical Characterization of a Geoconcrete Composite: Laterite with Addition of Peanut Shell." In Innovations in Smart Cities Applications Volume 5, 607–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94191-8_49.

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Ganguly, Preetha, Shubhalakshmi Sengupta, Papita Das, and Avijit Bhowal. "Synthesis of Cellulose from Peanut Shell Waste and Its Use in Bioethanol Production." In Bioresource Utilization and Bioprocess, 81–91. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1607-8_10.

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Wang, Liancheng, Zhiwei Peng, Lei Yang, Leixia Zheng, Jie Wang, Wenxing Shang, Anton Anzulevich, Mingjun Rao, Guanghui Li, and Tao Jiang. "Self-reduction of Core-Shell EAF Dust-Biochar Composite Pellets Under Microwave Irradiation." In 11th International Symposium on High-Temperature Metallurgical Processing, 405–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36540-0_36.

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Ahmad, Nur Maisarah, Nurul Shafinah Foo, Soh Kheang Loh, Khaliesah Abbas, Siew Kooi Ong, Nazatulshima Hassan, Abbas Fadhl Mubarek Al-Karkhi, Mustapha Mohammed Bello, and Robert Thomas Bachmann. "Nutrient Recovery from Anaerobic Palm Oil Mill Effluent Using Palm Kernel Shell Biochar and Deoiled Spent Bleaching Earth and Their Effect on Oil Palm Growth." In Advanced Structured Materials, 81–104. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21959-7_7.

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Shafi, Asima, Faizan Ahmad, and Sadaf Zaidi. "Removal of Heavy Metals from Wastewater with Special Reference to Groundnut Shells: Recent Advances." In Heavy Metals - Recent Advances [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.109904.

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Wastewater contains organic pollutants and heavy metals which presents a significant threat to aquatic life and impacts human health and animals. In the past few years, the incomplete remediation of wastewater has made living beings suffer from various problems, and many health diseases are being noticed at a peak rate. Different methods have been employed to remove heavy metals from wastewater to date. However, the adsorption technique is the most efficient and eco-friendly for removing heavy metals and pollutants in wastewater remediation. Many agricultural wastes have been used as adsorbents for removing toxic pollutants and heavy metals from wastewater. Groundnut shell is widely considered agro-industrial waste. Groundnut shells account for nearly 20% of the dried peanut pod by weight, and millions of tons of its quantity are wasted every year. An increase in groundnut production leads to accumulating these groundnut shells in colossal quantities, which is not utilized; thus, they are either burnt or buried. Groundnut shells undergo slow degradation in the natural environment because they are rich in lignin content. Therefore, these shells can be converted into a valuable bio-product to produce less waste. Groundnut shells and groundnut shell-derived biochar act as good biosorbents in the wastewater treatment.
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Xie, H., Q. Yu, H. Zhang, and P. Li. "Pyrolysis kinetics study of pine cone, corn cob & peanut shell." In Frontiers of Energy and Environmental Engineering, 64–68. CRC Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b13718-17.

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Gotore, Obey, Tirivashe Phillip Masere, Osamu Nakagoe, Vadzanayi Mushayi, Ramaraj Rameshprabu, Yuwalee Unpaprom, and Tomoaki Itayama. "Applications and Data Analysis using Bayesian and Conventional Statistics in Biochar Adsorption Studies for Environmental Protection." In Biochar - Productive Technologies, Properties and Application [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.105868.

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The use of low-cost agricultural waste-derived biochar in solving water and environmental challenges induced by climate change was investigated and sound conclusions were presented. Water reuse strategies can diminish the impact of climate change in rural and remote areas of developing countries. The novel biochar materials from three agro-waste biomass (Matamba fruit shell, Mushuma, and Mupane tree barks) were investigated and characterized to attest to their capacity to remove iodine from the aqueous solution. Their surface morphologies were assessed using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (FESEM-EDX) which exhibited their structural phenomena to purge environmental pollutants. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was conducted to show surface functional groups of the biochar materials and Matamba fruit shell exhibited hydroxyl (-OH), carbonyl groups (C=O), C=C stretches of aromatic rings, and the carboxylate (C–O–O–) groups on its surface with corresponding data from the Isotherm and Kinetic models, statistically analyzed by the conventional and Bayesian methods. These surface mechanisms are said to be induced by weak van der Waals forces and - and -stacking interaction on the biochar surface. These adsorbents promised to be potential materials for environmental-ecosystem-protection and water re-use approach.
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Conference papers on the topic "Peanut shell as biochar"

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Guizhen, Gong, Han NaiBo, and Feng Di. "Extraction Character of Small Molecular Compounds from Peanut Shell." In 7th International Conference on Education, Management, Information and Computer Science (ICEMC 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icemc-17.2017.114.

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Ribeiro, Nayssa, Dário Machado Júnior, Robson Leal da Silva, and Julio Cesar Dainezi de Oliveira. "ASSESSMENT OF TORREFACTION EFFECTS ON PEANUT SHELL COMMERCIAL PELLETS." In 25th International Congress of Mechanical Engineering. ABCM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26678/abcm.cobem2019.cob2019-1750.

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Himbane, Philippe Bernard, Lat Grand Ndiaye, Ansoumane Diedhiou, and Diouma Kobor. "Comparative study of the rheological behavior of palm shell, peanut shell and cashew shell in rotating drum." In 2018 5th International Conference on Renewable Energy: Generation and Applications (ICREGA). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icrega.2018.8337603.

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Zhu, Huijie, Yuanhong Wang, Guozhen Wang, and Kui Zhang. "Removal of fluorine from water by the aluminum modified peanut shell." In 2010 2nd International Conference on Information Science and Engineering (ICISE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icise.2010.5690593.

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Feng, Yunxiao, Ming La, Songtian Li, and Fengling Yang. "Preparation and properties of activated carbon from peanut shell by K2CO3." In 2013 International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Engineering. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/icbeee130801.

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Min Wang, XinMei Zhou, and YuXia Chu. "Effects of peanut shell extract on rats with acute renal failure." In 2011 International Conference on Remote Sensing, Environment and Transportation Engineering (RSETE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rsete.2011.5964079.

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Çelebi, Hakan, Gülden Gök, Tolga Bahadır, İsmail Şimşek, and Oğuzhan Gök. "A Beneficial Bio-Waste with a Zero-Waste Approach: Peanut Shell." In IECBM 2022. Basel Switzerland: MDPI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecbm2022-13381.

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Kong, S. H., S. K. Loh, Robert T. Bachmann, Y. M. Choo, J. Salimon, and S. Abdul Rahim. "Production and physico-chemical characterization of biochar from palm kernel shell." In THE 2013 UKM FST POSTGRADUATE COLLOQUIUM: Proceedings of the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty of Science and Technology 2013 Postgraduate Colloquium. AIP Publishing LLC, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4858744.

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Chen, Yu, Zhipeng Zhang, Wang Dongmei, Zhengjun Gong, Wenyu Gu, and Erke Huang. "Notice of Retraction: Adsorption of Cr(IV) from aqueous solution using peanut shell." In 2010 2nd Conference on Environmental Science and Information Application Technology (ESIAT 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/esiat.2010.5568291.

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EL-MAHDY, DEENA. "INTEGRATIVE REINFORCEMENT OF NATURAL FIBER: FABRICATION OF PEANUT SHELL TILES IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION." In ECO-ARCHITECTURE 2022. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/arc220131.

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Reports on the topic "Peanut shell as biochar"

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Hovav, Ran, Peggy Ozias-Akins, and Scott A. Jackson. The genetics of pod-filling in peanut under water-limiting conditions. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597923.bard.

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Pod-filling, an important yield-determining stage is strongly influenced by water stress. This is particularly true for peanut (Arachishypogaea), wherein pods are developed underground and are directly affected by the water condition. Pod-filling in peanut has a significant genetic component as well, since genotypes are considerably varied in their pod-fill (PF) and seed-fill (SF) potential. The goals of this research were to: Examine the effects of genotype, irrigation, and genotype X irrigation on PF and SF. Detect global changes in mRNA and metabolites levels that accompany PF and SF. Explore the response of the duplicate peanut pod transcriptome to drought stress. Study how entire duplicated PF regulatory processes are networked within a polyploid organism. Discover locus-specific SNP markers and map pod quality traits under different environments. The research included genotypes and segregating populations from Israel and US that are varied in PF, SF and their tolerance to water deficit. Initially, an extensive field trial was conducted to investigate the effects of genotype, irrigation, and genotype X irrigation on PF and SF. Significant irrigation and genotypic effect was observed for the two main PF related traits, "seed ratio" and "dead-end ratio", demonstrating that reduction in irrigation directly influences the developing pods as a result of low water potential. Although the Irrigation × Genotype interaction was not statistically significant, one genotype (line 53) was found to be more sensitive to low irrigation treatments. Two RNAseq studies were simultaneously conducted in IL and the USA to characterize expression changes that accompany shell ("source") and seed ("sink") biogenesis in peanut. Both studies showed that SF and PF processes are very dynamic and undergo very rapid change in the accumulation of RNA, nutrients, and oil. Some genotypes differ in transcript accumulation rates, which can explain their difference in SF and PF potential; like cvHanoch that was found to be more enriched than line 53 in processes involving the generation of metabolites and energy at the beginning of seed development. Interestingly, an opposite situation was found in pericarp development, wherein rapid cell wall maturation processes were up-regulated in line 53. Although no significant effect was found for the irrigation level on seed transcriptome in general, and particularly on subgenomic assignment (that was found almost comparable to a 1:1 for A- and B- subgenomes), more specific homoeologous expression changes associated with particular biosynthesis pathways were found. For example, some significant A- and B- biases were observed in particular parts of the oil related gene expression network and several candidate genes with potential influence on oil content and SF were further examined. Substation achievement of the current program was the development and application of new SNP detection and mapping methods for peanut. Two major efforts on this direction were performed. In IL, a GBS approach was developed to map pod quality traits on Hanoch X 53 F2/F3 generations. Although the GBS approach was found to be less effective for our genetic system, it still succeeded to find significant mapping locations for several traits like testa color (linkage A10), number of seeds/pods (A5) and pod wart resistance (B7). In the USA, a SNP array was developed and applied for peanut, which is based on whole genome re-sequencing of 20 genotypes. This chip was used to map pod quality related traits in a Tifrunner x NC3033 RIL population. It was phenotyped for three years, including a new x-ray method to phenotype seed-fill and seed density. The total map size was 1229.7 cM with 1320 markers assigned. Based on this linkage map, 21 QTLs were identified for the traits 16/64 weight, kernel percentage, seed and pod weight, double pod and pod area. Collectively, this research serves as the first fundamental effort in peanut for understanding the PF and SF components, as a whole, and as influenced by the irrigation level. Results of the proposed study will also generate information and materials that will benefit peanut breeding by facilitating selection for reduced linkage drag during introgression of disease resistance traits into elite cultivars. BARD Report - Project4540 Page 2 of 10
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